Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government_11(1)_January

L EX LOCALIS - J OURNAL OF L OCAL S ELF -G OVERNMENT H. Wanivenhaus, J. Kovač, A. Žnidaršič & I. Vrečko: Vienna Construction Projects: Redirection of Project Management Critical Success Factors—More Focus on Stakeholders and Soft Skills Development 339 project methodology adapted to the project). This will bring adjustments of five elements: success criteria, key performance indicators, measurement, dashboard design, and governance. Despite the fact that the construction field has always been a typical project-based field and thus familiar with project management techniques and approaches, it has not been immune to the development of project management. The field has recently witnessed new techniques and trends developed specifically for this field (e.g., management of mega construction projects, development of BIM techniques), while many applications of new and more general project management techniques and methods have emerged to improve projects’ success. An important focus in this respect was researching key success factors aimed at improving construction projects’ success (Chan & Chan, 2004; Chan et al., 2004; Sanvido et al., 1992) . Findings of those researches more or less jointly exposed importance of basic project management methods and measures while so-called soft project management skills and cooperation with stakeholders were not among most important elements leading to projects’ success. It is somehow surprising since recent trends in the project management field, indeed researched in the fields other than construction, started to recognize those elements as more and more influential. During expansion of project management research interest directed at analyzing development trends in different business environments, the public sector in this respect has received amazingly little intention. For that reason and for the reason presented in previous paragraph, in the following chapters we analyzes the perception of the relevance of particular project management critical success factors among project managers and other project stakeholders on the construction projects in the public sector with relatively high organizational project management maturity. The main focus for research was the city of Vienna and its construction projects. 2 Theoretical Background 2.1 Project Management in the Public Sector The use of project management in the public service has a long tradition (see Vrecko et al., 2015; Aarsaether & Ringholm, 2011). To a certain extent, we can even claim that the development of project management started in the broader context of the state administration, such as in the field of military projects (Morris et al., 2012). Even in the standardization of project management methods and techniques throughout the world, the state administration level has played an important role. In the 1980s, the British government commissioned the production of a uniform methodology for managing state development projects, funded by the