mn5Tnvi ' '/"ust 1973 Glasilo DruStva znanstvenih in tehničnih prevajalcev Slovenije Izhaja po potrebi s sofinanciranjem Kulturne skupnosti Slovenije St. 11 - 12 NASE SLOVARSKE TEGOBE IX THE ENGliSH-SLOVENE AND , THE SLOVENE-ENGL1SH DICTIONARIES I tnust'confess that I feel rather presumptuous in assuming to give my opinions of the Slovene-English (SE.) and the Biglish-Slovene (ES.) dictionaries, since I myself am far from being capable of vvriting any kind of dictionary. Stili, ali dictionary writers should be prepared for their fate by Dr. Johnson’s comments in the Preface to his dictionary. He speaks of them as "unhappy mortals" and says "every other author may aspire to praise; the lexi- cographer can only hope to escape reproach, and even this negative recompense has been granted to very few", I have divided the artide into two sections: the first containing suggestions for increasing the amount of infonna- tion - both grammatidal and lexical - given in the dictionary entries, and the second containing errors I have noted in the dictionaries. Most of my comments are of course confined to the English entries as I am not enough qualified to deal with the Slovene entries adequately. Finally, I hope my comments will be of help to future editors of these dictionaries and to useis of tlie dictionaries in their present form. Abbreviations and Symbois used SE. ES. (U) (C) /—/ ( 1 ) ( 2 ), so. sth. nn. vb. Slovene-English dictionary, 6th edition, Ljubljana 1967. English-Slovene dictionary, Ljubljana 1967 Uncoun table Countable ■< ■ . , , item following is grammatically (or stylistically) unacceptable; item fo | llowing is a corrected (or preferred) versiooj meaning or equivalence. queried; my suggested insertions etc, numbers indicating my suggested reorderfng of equivalents in entries; someone something noun verjs. Stylistlc values - 2 - Section I a. Grammatical Information On the whole not enough attention is paid to the essential syntactic features of the different word classes, nor to their restraints and requirements when in combination. Nouns For English nouns, for instance, it is not necessary to mark the gender, but it is necessary to indicate whether they are countable or uncountable. This affects the way they combine with determiners and quantifiers, and it may alter the meaning completely. If it is not possible to mark ali nouns in this way, at least those which differ in Eng¬ lish and Slovene should be marked. eg. Information , work, advice are not marked as uncountable in either the ES. or SE. dictionary; what is worse, the examples given to illustrate the use of work and advice and •one citation containing news shovr that the s e nouns are countable: + to follow an advice - ravnati se po nasvetu ES. p.22 to Je zelo zamudno delo + this is a work taking much time SE. p.254 dal mi Je dober nasvet + he has given me a good advice SE. p280 + to lay an information against - vložiti tožbo /ES.p.488/ to so žalostne novice + these are /=this is/ sad news SE. p.804 Words which may be either countable or uncountable should be marked as such, and, where there is a difference of meaning, both countable and uncountable meanings given. Many material nouns fall into this category: eg. iron /tl/ - železo; an iron /G/ - likalnik; and words such as work and societv: work /U/ - delo, služba; a work /C/ - a work of art; works /pl/ - plant or factory; society /U/ - company, social way of living, etc.; a society /C/ - a club or association, etc.; This would avoid such incorrect entries as: društveni prostori + Society’s premises /SE.p.534 * a society’s premises oprema + furnishing ES. p.343 ** furnishing s - 3 - Collective nouns, such as luggage and furniture, could also be marked. This disregard of the countability and uncountability of nouns is reflected in the numerous article mistakes scattered throughout the citations in both dictionaries. /See below, p. 10-11./ Verbs With verbs the most important traditional syntactic feature is transitivity or intransitivity, which is marked in the dictionaries. However, in English most verbs can function either transitively or intransitively; this is particularly problematic in the čase of the so-called "phrasal verbs" which may or may not be followed by a prepositional object and whose meaning differs accordingly. The position of this object may vary, further altering the meaning, and the ad- dition of another preposition may be necessary. In certain of the entries in ES. the transitive and intran- sitive uses are not presented separately nor is the presence and position of the object indicated in the individual expressions. Perhaps this is not important in ali cases but where the object entails a difference of meaning, it is a misleading method of presentation. Por instance, in the entry for come /ES. p.164/, the follo- wing occurs: to come across - naleteti na kaj However, "to come across" has the literal meaning of "to cross over" or the meaning of "to communicate" or "to convey information". "Naleteti na kaj" should be given as "to come across so. or sth." Likevise, in the entry for get /ES.p.352/, the following occur: to get away with - uspešno izvršiti; izmuzniti se; odpraviti to get down - spuščati se; sleči; pogoltniti; napisati; to get over - premagati; preboleti; narediti konec; pridobiti koga; zvito izvršiti; In each čase a number of different constructions have been put together which would be better separated: to get away - to escape, to manage to leave to get so. or sth. away - to remove sth. or to send so. or sth. to get away with sth. or doing sth. - to escape with sth.or to do something without punishment - 4 - to get down to get sth.down - spuščati se - pogoltniti, napisati to get over sth. to get sth. over to get so. over - premagati}. preboleti - narediti konec; zvito izvršiti - pridobiti koga Manj other phrases are listed without an object whicb in fact never occur without one. Althougb no difference of meaning is involved bere, they would seem more complete if the object was indicated. eg. to get off one’s chest to give the slip to give the go-by to give to know to give the sack /ES. p.352 and p.355/ Prepositions and Adverbial Particles Prepositions and adverbial particles are also a frequent source of confusion, particularly where English and Slovene usage do not coincide. When the presence and choice of preposition or adverbial particle is completely arbitrary after a certain item, this item should be cited together with its preposition or particle, with an indication of the construction which follows if necessary: eg. to have got /to + inf/ - morati ES p.352 to get rid /ali quit/ /of so.or sth./ - znebiti se to give ear /to + so./ - poslušati, uslišati ES p.355 to give plače /to + so.or sth./ - umakniti se ES p.355 There seems to be confusion of two expressions here: to give plače to = to be succeeded by and to make plače for = to make room for Ad.jective + preposition It would be helpful if the relevant preposition were stated after those adjectives which are followed by different prepositions in Slovene and English, eg. interested in, characteristic of typical of, etc. b. Lexical information 1. Ordering of the equivalents cited. Much information could be conveyed to the dictionary user by ordering the equivalents in some meaningful way. For instance, the first equivalent cited could be the most common equivalent in most contexts, or it could be the most usual use of the item, according to each čase. The more s^ecific or rarer equivalents would then follow these "primary" equivalents. vzemite, prosim - + take, please SE. p.533 = jiease take one or some ES p.353 - 5 - The entry for gear /ES. p.350/: gear - obleka, noša; naprava, mehanizem, oprava, potrebščine; konjska oprava; prestava; /naut/ ladijska oprema; in gear-vteku; out of gear - v neredu ... etc. As it stands, the entry would seem to indicate that the most common meaning of gear is clothes; I would suggest. that in fact "prestava" is the most frequently used meaning of "gear". This equivalent should then be cited first /1/« The next group of equivalents could be "oprava, potrebščine" /2/, since the next most common meaning of "gear" /Uncount- able and collective/ is equipment in general, followed by "naprava, mehanizem" /3/ with examples such as "steering gear, landing gear", and only finally by "obleka, noša" /4/ /Uncoilntable/, as this is a more specific use of gear /2/ with a limited context /co]loq. or slang/. To illustrate this point further, I list a number of entries •with some suggestions as to how the equivalents could be helpfully reordered: ambulanta - /mil./ ambulance, fieldhospital /3/; clinic /for outpatients/ /1/, /ambulance/ dispensary /2/ SE. p.5 amortizer - amortizer /2/, shock absorber /1/. SE p.5 armirani beton - ferro-concrete /2/, reinforced concrete /1/ SE p.8 aretacija - arrestation /5/ arrestment /V, apprehension /3/ capture /2/, /arrest /1/ SE p.7» shramba za prtljago /na postaji / - cloak-room /? 2/ left-luggage Office /1/ SE p.591 izboljšati - to ameliorate /3/, to improve /1/, to make /so. or sth./ better /2/ ... etc. SE. p.130 znan - known /2/, well-known /1/... etc. SE p.797 crush - drobljenje, mlinčenje /? = crushing,/ trčenje /= crash/ gneča /1/, družabni sestanek /colloq./ /3/; člani društva /?/; sadni sok /2/ ES p.203 zdravnica - doctoress, lady-doctor, woman-doctor, lady-physician SE. p.787 In the last example above "doctoress" should certainly not be listed first; in the first plače, I am not sure whether it is an acceptable English word,. and secondly, in English unlike in Slovene, the form marking the feminine gender is a marked form. The usual equivalent of "zdravnica" would be doctor, and lady-doctor would only be used when the fact that the doctor is a woman is stressed. This raises the problem of how this difference in the treatment of gender could be best indicated in the dictionaries. Perhaps the - s - Slovene feminines, eg. študentka, učiteljica, should be followed first by the unmarked form, študent, teacher, and only secondly by the marked form. Or, perhaps the Slovene feminines should not be listed as separate entries but as alternatives of the masculine form. - ing forms In general, it is misleading to cite -ing forms first as equivalents to Slovene nouns, unless they have full nominal force. eg. opomin - reminding, admonition, warning, dunning /reminder /1/ SE p.369 Position of sub-entries, illustrative examples , phrases. idioms.~ ~ Por ease of reference and to avoid confusion, I would ■suggest the follovring rearrangements: 1. meanings or equivalents restricted to a sub-entry or a variation on the base form should be listed immediately after the entry of that form and not under the main, general entry. eg. in the entry for blow /ES p.93/» napihniti, napihova¬ ti should be listed under blow /sth./ U£, and not under blow 2. illustrative examples should follow the relevant equivalent immediately, eg. in the entry for abide /ES p.10/, "to abide by /ali with/ vztrajati na čem" should follow vztrajati immediately. 3. Expressions in general use and frequently used variations on the base should precede idioma and more specialised phrases. eg. "to blow up" and to blow one’s noše" should precede such phrases as "to blow a cloud - kaditi pipo" /ES p.93/ 4-. Equivalents of a similar nature or closely synonymous could be grouped together. eg. the slang expressions - "I’m /ali I’ll be/ blowed" and "Blow it" in the entry for blow . Illustrative examples It vrould be more helpful if the most commonly used phrases were cited to illustrate the lexical entries. In many cases, common phrases have been cited, but not in their - 7 - most commonly occurring form. Often the simple present tense is used in the examples where either the present con- tinuous or the present perfect would be more common. eg. dežuje - it rains SE p.58 = it's raining it rains cats and dogs - lije kot iz škafa ES p.153 = it's raining cats and dogs the salad runs to seed - solata gre v cvetje ES p.777 « the lettuces are running to seed the lettuce has run to seed te govorice se širijo samo z namenom, da ... SE p.106 the rumours /reports/ are spread only for the purpose of ... . = the rumours are only being spread for the purpose of ... akcije skačejo /padajo/ SE p.3 shares go up /go down, give way/ * the shares have gone up or are going up. Por further errors in the citations, see Section II. Indication of stvlistic values In many entries, an indication of stylistic values would be helpful: eg. amanuensis /arch. or joc./ - pomočnik, pisar; ES p.3^ abiding /arch. or liter./ - stalen, trajen; ES p.10 abloom /poetic/ - v cvetu; ES p.10 ablate /med./ - amputirati; ES p.10 bivališče - residence, plače of residence, ab ode /o jd liter./ dwelling plače, domicile /leg./j SE. p.17 neprilika - unpleasantness, inconvenience, trouble; scrape /colloq./, dilemma; SE. p.-303 In the ES dictionary, indications of stylistic values are much more frequent than in the SE dictionary, but even here they are occasionally not exact: eg. cravat - /arch./ kravata ES p.197 Partlet - vzdevek za kokoš; /hum. and derog./ žena; ES p.627 Oravat may be archaic for "tie", but it is the normal word for a small scarf used instead of a tie. The use of Partlet for "žena" is marked by the Shorter Oxford dictionary as late Middle English. The infrequent indications in the SE dictionary are also occasionally misleading: - 8 - eg. poljubiti - to kiss; /F/ to buss ...J SE p.434 . "to buss" may be familiar /F/, but it is also archaic. Fuller indications of Context a. Where an item occurs in only one contesrt and cannot be used with this meaning in any other context, this context should be cited; for example, in the entry for it /ES p.457/, one of the meanings given is: "/E.coli/kratica za italijanski vermut". Hovrever, without explicit mention of a špirit, rt does not st and for martini. Only in the phrase ""gin and it",, and perhaps "vodka and it", does rt refer to martini. b. Where an item is limited to a certain semantic field, this c-ould be indicated by citing its usual colloca- tion(s) or by giving synonyms. eg. zmrzniti - to freeze, to congeal /- to solidify, of blood, etc./ /to get frozen ... SE p.796/ Inclusion of unnecessarv phrases and idioms Considering that space is such an important factor in any dictionary, it seems a pity that so much space is taken up by idioms of low frequency, purely archaic or literary idioms, and even by phrases and idioms whose existence and meaning I at least am unaware of, to the exclusion of more common idioms - both colloquial and literary - and of modem terms and expressions. eg. Archaic or literary idioms not in common use: to fali aboard of /ali with/ a person - zastopiti komu pot, spreti se ES p.11 he lives under the cat’s foot - žena hlače nosijES p.133 to fall down on one’s marrowbones - poklekniti: ES p.531 to take the ferry, to cross the Stygian ferry ES p.308 - oditi na oni svet: to come out at the little end of the horn ES p.406 - slabo opraviti če mu ponudiš prst, hoče imeti celo roko ES p.537 - give him an inch and he will take an ell Instead of ell , mile or yard vrould be more common. eg. Dubiously meaningfull phrases and idioms: to get down in bad weather - zgubiti voljo za delo ES p.352 this is gettmg me down? I feel under the weather? to get oneself - oditi ES p.353 to get a slip - dobiti pelin ES p!353 to get outside of - pojesti in popiti ES p.353 to give the gate - odpustiti koga iz službe ES p.355 to give the sack toj - 9 - ? to approve oneself - izkazati se ES p. 4-6 ? to fire out - odpustiti iz službe * to fire ES p.314 Perhaps it would be more convenient to list proverbs, archaic and literary idioma separately at the end of the dictionary; or, if this is not found suitable, they could be listed at the end of the entry of the headword, and marked as idioms. Some omissions of more common nhrases and idioms; Idioms and phrases eg. on time hen-pecked a shaggy dog story time and tide wait for no man she’s got a memory like a sieve his bark*s worse than his bite time will teli |to put the cat among the pigeons eg. additions to entry for get: to get above oneself to get sth. across eg. to get back; to get sth. back to get away - 1. to escape; 2. to leave to get so. or sth. away to get one’s own back on so. to get by = to pass, to manage, to pass without criticism; to get in = to arrive to get so. or sth. in to get it into one’s head that ... to get so. or sth. off to get round so. to get together to get sth. across eg. for give : to give off /a smeli/ to give sth. back Modern expressions eg. SE astronavt, gen, genetika, etc. ES low /nn./. count-down /vb. and nn./, blast-off /vb. and a sit-in, a teach-in, etc/. - 10 SECTION II Errors Printing Errors or Spelling Mistakes se. p.1-7; p.532-537; absurden - + aeronavt - + aglomerat - + alga - + amandma - + amortizer - + prometni miličnik - + s prometno sredstvo - + s prostodušen - + prtene hlače - + gašeno apno + s + horsemartin - či = housemartin nonsencial = nonsensical /p.l) ballonist = balloonist /p.2/ aglomerate = agglomerate /p.3/ sea werd * sea weed /p.4/ amendement = amendment, /p»5/ chock absorber = shock absorber /p. 5/ point duty contable point duty constable /p.532/ means of communiction means of communication /p.532/ guieless guileless /p.534/ cloth trowsers cloth trousers /p.537/ slacked lime /p.7/ slaked lime trlj; lastovica ES p.407 Lexical entries As regards the entries listed, the equivalents given and the illustrative phrases and expressions t the dictionaries are not as accurate as they could be. a. Errors in noun phrases Often the adjective or attributive noun is not appro- phiate for that particular expression: eg. mirna poravnava proizvajalni stroški adoptiran otrok prosvetno delo protestno zborovanje protikralj b. Article mistakes + pacific settlement •= peace settlement + producing expenses = production costs + adoptive child * adopted child + civilizing work = cultural work + indignation meeting = protest meeting + counter-king ® pretender SE p.239 SE p.531 SE p.2 SE p.534 SE p.535 SE p.535 In general, article mistakes abound throughout the ) - 11 - examples cited in the dietionaries, especially in phrases, idioms and proverbs. By their very nature, idioma are to a large extent structurally fixed, and any change in their constituent elementa makes them meaninglese: eg. + to act out of the character - zmeati se ES p.17 = to act out of character + to lead cat and dog life * to lead a cat and dog life + to be at the death’s door m to be at death’s door + to get the kick out of = to get a kick out of + to give start = to give a start + to get into habit /debt/ - živeti kakor pes in mačka ES p.133 - umirati, etc. ES p.214 - uživati nad čim ES p.352 - planiti ES p.355 - navaditi /zadolžiti/ se ES p.352 The two phrases in the example just cited cannot be coalesced in this way as they follow completely different patterns: to get into the habit of + mg to get into debt or to get into so’s debt + to come up to the serateh - dobro se počutiti, = to come up to serateh + it strikes eye » it strikes the eye napišite mi nekaj vrstic prodajati z izgubo imeti proste roke napraviti samomor kako čas mine biti v formi ES p.165 - v oči pade ES p.896 + drop me some lines SE p.271 = drop me a line + to seli at lose SE p .530 = to seli at a loss + to have free hand SE p.533 = to have a free hand + to commit a suicide SE p.583 = to commit suicide + how the time slips /=goes, flies/ SE p.239 = how /the/ time slips by = how the time goes /by/ = how time flies 12 Errors in prepositions and adverbial particles Often the preposition given is not the most common: eg. on the dog-house - v nemilosti ES p.250 = in the dog-house gluh Je na obe ušesi - he is deaf of both ears SE p. 99 = he is deaf in both ears deaf of /ali in/ an ear - na eno uho gluh ES p.214 * deaf in /ali of/ one ear Or the adverbial particles are not appropriate: + to get down even with - obračunati s kom ES p.552 = to get even with so. to blago se slabo prodaja + these goods go off badly SE p.530 = these goods go dovm badly Occasionally the preposition in an idiom is omitted: + to take the water - v vodo se pognati ES p.923 = to take to the water + he took the bush - zatekel se Je /pobegnil Je/ = he took to the bush v gozdove ES p.923 Errors in verb phrases Often the verb chosen is either not correct or not the most common: eg. + to get aground - razbiti se; potopiti se = to go or run aground /ladja/ ES p.352 + to get behind /so./ - podpirati = to be behind so. + to get off the rails - iztiriti = to go off the rails + to come along - strinjati se ES p.164 = to go along with so. govori se, da Je zelo - + she is told to be very rich bogata SE p.107 = she is said to be very rich • v In idioms, often the most common tense is not used: eg. + when the cat’s away, the mice play ES p.133 = when the cat’s away, the mice will play Vord order The word order used in the illustrative phrases is often incorrect or rare: - 13 - eg. + pigeon carrier - golob pismonoša ES p.649 »» carrier pigeon + abject in poverty - v skrajni revščini ES p. 10 = in abject poverty govori precej dobro nemški SE p.477 - + she speaks tolerably well German to ni kaj prida - + that is not much worth SE p.511 * that is not worth much ne maram imeti z njim + I will not have to do any- nobenih opravkov thing with him SE p.370 = I will not have anything to do with him Lexical Entries In some cases, the most common eguivalents are not given: eg. aktualen akumulator opomin prospekt pršna kopel akademik - actual, present, current, urgent ... /topical/ SE p.4 - accumulator, storage battery /battery/ SE p.4 - reminding, admonition, warning, dunning ... /reminder/ SE p.369 - prospectus /brochure, pamphlet, leaflet/ SE p.533 - shower-bath; douche /shover/ SE p.537 - academician, academist; university študent, undergraduate /academic/ SE p. 3 Academic is not listed in ES as a noun. amortizirati - to amortize, redeemj SE p.5 /liquidate, write off/ arija - air, melody, tune /aria/ SE p.7 Or the more modern expression is not given: eg. kegljanje - game at ninepins /skittles/ /bowling/ SE p.165 kegljišče - skittle-alley, skittle ground /bowling-alley/ The illustrative phrases are not very idiomatic: eg. brž ko bom prost, vas - as soon as I am disengaged obiščem /free/ I shall call on you; SE 533 p. imate kaj prostih sob? - have you any rooms disengaged? /free, vacant/ SE p.533 - 14 - pojdem malo na prosto eg. krompir je zmrznil lepo piše s številkami napisati - to write in ciphers /to write in figures/ I shall take the air /I’m going for some fresh air/ SE p.533 the potatoes perished by the cold /the potatoes got frosted, were destroyed by frost/ - he writes a niče hand /he has niče hand-writing, he writes nicely/ SE p.664 Concluding remarks In the above paragraphs, I have put forward a few tentati^e suggestions on how the information conveyed by the diction¬ aries could be increased and on what additional information shouid be included. The suggestions are by no means new, belng partly based on the methods of presentation employed in other foreign language dictionaries and in English dictionaries for foreign learners. Even if these particular suggestions are not found essential or relevant, I hope my article will stimulate future dictionary writers and editors of the dictionaries to give some thought to the problem of which methods of presentation will present their material most informatively and most conveniently to the user. I hope too that the data presented in Section II will convince editors of the need for greater accuracy and čare in the presentation of their material. Madeleine DUFF To je prispevek gospe Madeleine Duff, prejšnje lektorice angleščine na oddelku za germanske jezike na filozofski fakulteti v Ljubljani in naše cenjene sodelavke na prvem angleškem študijskem večeru Društva /1969/ in na drugem večeru /med ljubljanskim simpozijem v februarju 1971/ ko je imela referat na temelju prve verzije pričujoče* razprave. Od takrat je ta referat nekoliko predelala in nam ga zdaj poslala iz Edinburgha. Zelo je dragocen za naše razmere in potrebe. Podčrtali bi zlasti naslednje ugotovitve avtorice glede slovensko-angleškega in angleško slovenskega slovarja: /1/ potrebo razlikovanja skupin U /uncountable/ in C /countable/ pri vsakem angleškem samostalniku. To bi le neznatno razširilo obseg slovarja. Odsot¬ nost te označbe pa pomeni močno razvrednotenje slo¬ varja kot sodobnega pripomočka; /2/ potrebo razlikovanja v.t. in v.i. /prehodne in ne¬ prehodne rabe glagola/ v obeh jezikih. Brez te raz¬ like je informativnost slovarja zelo zmanjšana; - 15 - /3/ potrebo razlikovanja predložne in prislovne rabe ' v angleščini, kjerkoli je to potrebno; /4/ potrebo upoštevanja frekvenčnega zaporedja pomendv v obeh jezikih. Brez tega se bo vedno ponavljal tra¬ gikomični primer, da vam prevajalec-začetnik s "slovarjem" v roki dokazuje, kako je njegov "prevod" pravilen, ker je v njegovem slovarju "tudi" naveden med /denimo/ enajstimi prevodi. Zal tam namreč ni razvrščen, kakor je treba, ali skrajno redek ali nare¬ čen ali srednjeveški ali striktno strokoven ali pa je sploh zgrešen. Podobno kakor v nemško-slovenskem in slovensko-nemškem slovarju /gl. MOSTOVE 8-10 str. 29/ tudi v slovensko- angleškem in angleško-slovenskem slovarju mnoga gesla^ manjkajo, druga so odveč, tretja skupina vsebuje netočno¬ sti /npr. pri členih,in druge napake/. Tudi na nedavnem zveznem simpoziju znanstvenih in tehnič¬ nih prevajalcev Jugoslavije v Ohridu /oktobra 1972/, so razpravljali o "naravnost tragičnem stanju naših slovar¬ jev tujih jezikov. Njihovi avtorji kot da niso pokukali v kateri koli sodobni mednarodni slovar. Naši slovarji ne razlikujejo splošne rabe od poklicne in domače rabe in od slanga. Ne označujejo prehodne in neprehodne rabe glagola niti rekcije itd. Avtorji delajo sami , za nemogo¬ če honorarje, in zato pogodbo z založnikom, sklenjeno za npr. 30*000 gesel, izpolnjujejo z nepotrebnimi ali nemo¬ gočimi besedami in frazami, izpuščajo pa stotine vsak¬ danjih in pogostnih besed in fraz, ali jih prevajajo ohlap¬ no - da ne govorimo o nekem minimu strokovne terminologije. Zato imamo pravzaprav zgolj preproste glosarje, a še ti so nezanesljivi. Za prevajalce je to stanje seveda neznosno. Ves referat M. Duffove zopet prepričljivo kaže naše te¬ gobe s slovarji tujih jezikov, posebno še na: - potrebo skupinskega dela namesto individualnega dela avtorjev, seveda za primeren honorar; - potrebo sodobne slovarske metodike namesto sedanjega načina, iz katerega bi lahko sklepali, da avtorji niso še videli modernega dvojezičnega slovarja in da so imeli pred očmi zgolj izpolnitev pogodbene norme o številu gesel, nikakor pa ne resničnih potreb prevajal¬ cev, poklicnih in drugih uporabnikov slovarja. Besed¬ njak ne sme biti muzej besed, temveč^koristno orodje medjezikovnega posredovanja, tudi učečih se ljudi, ki bi radi razumeli in govorili, brali in pisali sodobno živo govorico tujih narodov v stavkih, ne samo v bese¬ dah. ooooooo - 16 MAXIMARKET - MINILINGUA V slaščičarni Maximarketa imajo torto z imenom "črni go¬ zdiček, ki pa je potresena z rjavo čokolado. Ta nesklad¬ nost med barvo in imenom me je napotila, da sem se poza¬ nimal za. naziv. Zvedel sem, da je ta torta izdelana po receptu švicarskega podjetja "Migros" in da se tam ime¬ nuje "Schwarzwalder Torte". Ce se to na črnem lesu dogaja, kaj bo šele na zelenem! I.H. KOS DICTIONNAIRES /Suite/ Comme nous l*avons indique dans le numero precedent de nos "Mostovi", nous poursuivons ici notre revue du Dictionnaire slovšne-fran Eine Tagebuchnotis des beriihmten englischen Natur- forschers Sir Humphrj Davy in der Zeit der Romantik: "Ich fuhr zum See von Bled ... Dort fand ich ein Inselchen mit einer Kirche, Hauser inmitten von Baumen, eine Berglehne und ein Schloss. Es gibt keinen schoneren kleinen See als diesen ... Hier kann offenbar der Menech seines Lebens froh werden, alles Lebendige ist frohlich, und die unbelebte Natur ist schon und gewaltig ... " 18 Gorenjska ist des Weidmanns Paradies: In den Fels- revieren der Julier, Karawanken und Kamniker Alpen weiden die Gemsen. Wenn im Tal schon die Kirschen Bliihen, lasst sich im verschneiten Gebirge der Spielhahn horen ... Wenn im ersten Friihlingsatem die Buchenknospen schwellen, ... dan schleift und wetzt der Urhahn sein Liebeslied. Auf den Lichtun- gen ast der Rehbock ... Es rohrt der Hirsch: aus der Ferne antworten ihm die Rivalen. 19 Der Vonsitzende des englischen Alpenklubs, Dr. Long- staff, schreibt an Dr. Kugy: "Sie fragen mich, welchen Eindruck mir die Julischen Alpen gemacht haben ... Sie sind mir, nach vierzig Jahren der Verehrung der Bergwelt, die liebsten aller Berge geworden. Sie wieder zu besuchen, wiinsche ich mir sehnlicher als jedes andere Alpengebiet ... Ich denke mir, dass dieses Gefiihl vom iiberwaltigend geheimnisvollen Wesen der Julier herruhrt. Der Band "STEIRISCH-UND KAERNTNER-SLOWENIEN UND TRANSMURLAND" ist in der Uebersetzungen noch nicht - 59 - erschienen. Daher zitieren wir aus diesem Bereich hier nur ein Vorkriegsgedicht von Božo Vodušek in der Stimmung des damaligen armlichen Stadtran- des von Maribor, und einen Passus aus den "Wild- vuchslingen" des fiihrenden kartner-slowenischen Schriftstellers Prežihov. 20 "... Nur Quadrate wiist und ode, Hinterhofe ohne Sinn, Bretterhaufen, nasse Zaune, Buden, Stoppelfelder raudig, Stiimpfe, Erde, und im Schnee graue Sonnenblumenstengel," 21 "... ihr seid Wildvriichslinge ... Wie ein Wild- vriichsling um seinen Platz an der Sonne kampft, so miisst auch ihr mit dem Leben kampfen. Wo ihr steht, dort treibt Wurzeln. Lasst nicht auf euch herum- treten, ertragt nicht demiitig TJnrecht, doch fiigt auch ihr niemand, keinem Mitmenschen, Unrecht zul" 22 Vom UNTERLAND Sloweniens sagt Levec: "Noch friiher als die Natur gewinnt man die dort ansassige Bevolkerung lieb. Diese Leutchen zeichnet ihr schlichtes Gehaben aus, sie sind offenherzig, freundlich, mitteilsam und zutunlich. Insonderheit eigent ihnen ein ausnehmend gutes Slowenisch und ein unversiegbarer liebenswerter Humor." Verwandte Gedanken hat Cankar im Jahr 1905 niedergeschrieben: "Der Unterkrainer ... ist der vorziiglichste Vertre- ter des slowenischen Volkes, im Gesicht, in der Geste, in Sprache und Stil." 23 Im Gegensatz zum Alpengebiet von Gorenjska nennt man Dolenjska — das Unterland — den unscheinbaren,von welligen Hiigeln durchzogenen Landstrich, der vom Ostrand des Ljubljanaer Moores sudostwarts bis zur kroatischen Grenze reicht. Die zarte Welligkeit der Oberflache gibt dem Landschaftsbild einen eigenen Liebreiz. ... Unter der Einwirkung der engen Verhalt- nisse ist der Unterlander —wenn wir einigermassen veraligemeinern diirfen —weich, verbindlich und bescheiden geworden ... Die unterlandische Mundart wurde vom Reformator Primož Trubar aus Raščica im 16. Jahrhundert als fruheste slowenische Schriftsprache verwendet. - 60 - 24 In der fernen Vergangenbeit der Bela krajina und des Unterlandes traten im ersten Jahrtausend v.Chr. zwei Kulturen auf, die hier bedeutsame Spuren bmterlassen haben. Das sind 'die Illyrer mit dem Hobepunkt in der Situlenkultur .... und die illyriscb-keltischen Jago¬ den in Bela krajina ... Es folgten die Romer... Em Hohepunkt fiir s^ch allein ist das Mithrasheiligtum in Rožanec Bei Črnomelj. 25 NOVO MESTO, die Metropole des Unterlandes, hat eine hervorragende strategische und Verkehrslage auf einem Vorsprung innerhalb einer Doppelkru m rnung der tiefen Krka. Im Befreiungskampf bat Novo mesto sehr gelitten. Die Wiederberstellung der Stadt wurde dem Arcbitekten Marjan Mušič anvertraut; er haucbte dem balbzerstorten Organismus eine neue Seele ein ... Er erneuerte und erganzte auf dem Marktplatz die malerischen Arkaden unter den Stirnseiten der Hauser, stellte vor dem Ratbaus die Statuen Kettes und Trdinas auf und erneuerte auch den Brunnen, der von der empfindsamen Stimmung aus Kettes Gedicbt "Miide Nacbt ist stumm" umwittert ist. 26 "Miide Nacbt ist stumm, štet und sacbt geht um der Mond auf dem Platz wie im Traum. Die Scbatten sind so gross, am Brunn der Vind- hauch bloss riibrt spielend den Vasserstrabl kaum." 27 Der Mittelpunkt der frucbtbaren Ebene am Krkaboc-en ist das Grossdorf ŠENTJERNEJ, am Fuss des Zentral- abschnittes der Gorjanciberge. Im Volkslied beisst gs: "Der Habn ist als scbonster Vogel bekannt Šentjernej als scbonster Ort im Land." . coo iA Šentjernej und seiner Umgegend werden Pfeifinstru- mente in der Porm von Habncben und Majoliken mit Sinnsprucben bergestellt wie z.B. "Bei Scbinken und gutem Vem - Bleibst du mcbt lang allein." - 61 - 28 Der Schriftsteller Janez Trdina schreibt: "Die Gorjanci sind ein wunderbarer Berg, der niemandem alle seine Geheimnisse enthullt hat, weder dem Fremden noch dem Einheimischen. Mir haben ... die Gorjanci alle Geheimnisse ihrer zauberischen Kukova gora geoffenbart." In den Gorjanci fand er die Wunderblume, deren Duft den Gedanken an Jegliche Beschwernis im Leben tilgt; den unterirdischen See mit giildenem Rand, darin der Wassermann haust; den Taubwald, allwo alles schattenlos ist; den Paradiesvogel, der so schon singt, dass ihm mannig- lich allezeit lauschen mag; den Vogel Goldfeder, dem der torichte Klaus die zaubertatige Feder ausgerupft; den Prachtgarten Cvetnik; die weisse Schlange, den Lindwurm, Feen, Kobolde, Hexen und Werwolfe. 29 Bas BARJE /das LJublJanaer Moor/ ist eine grosse Einsenkung siidlich der Stadt, wo noch im Uebergang von der Stein- zur Bronzezeit ein See stand. Wie die Ausgrabungen zeigen, lebten dazumal in der Nahe des heutigen Dorfes Ig Pfahlbauer; sie errichteten aus Sicherheitsgrunden ihre Holzhiitten auf Pfahlen, die sie in den Seeboden gerammt hatteh. Sie betrie- ben Pischerei, Jagd und Viehzucht, kleideten sich in Tierhaute, verarbeiteten bereits Flachs zu Garn, verfertigten Topfergeschirr und buken Brot aus gemahle nen Vasserniissen. 30 Die BELA KRAJINA /Weisse Mark/, die Wiege der neuen Volksmacht, war schon im Jahr 194-3 frei ... Durch die Gorjanciberge vom zentralen Unterland geschieden, ist sie offen gegen Siiden und Siidosten .... Eine sehr deutliche Siidgrenze bildet der Kolpafluss; ostwarts triift dig elegische Bela krajina auf die Uskoken- siedlung Žumberk und verliert sich in deren Waldern .... Eine Eigenheit der Bela krajina sind ihre Streuwalder: Dort wachsen Farne, Heidekraut, Birken und Fdhren, ein hiibscher Anblick, doch fiir die Volks- wirtschaft von geringem Wert. Bis zur Befreiung bedeckten diese Streuwalder mehrere Tausend Hektar schweren, doch ziemlich tiefen Erdbodens. Im Zug des Nachkriegs-Wiederaufbaus der Bela krajina setzte die Verbesserung der riickstandigen Landwirtschaft ein und Fabriken wurden begriindet. - 62 - SEMIČ liegt am Fuss der letzten Auslaufer der Gorjanci, wo das Hiigelland wie ein farbenfroher Teppich von Weingarten daliegt, mit den Kellergebauden und Gehoften. Bei der Kirche sieht man noch Spuren der ehemaligen Rundbefestigung gegen die Tiirken ... Oberhalb der Strasse ins Krkatal steigt die Mirna gora emporj die Aussicht ist ausserordentlich umfassend. Die Niederungen bis zur Kolpa sind wie eine Riesenbiihne, und Semič ist in diesem Theater die Ebrenloge. 32 PRIMORSKA — das Kiistenland — hat seinen besonde- ren Platz unter unseren Landschaften .... Die Viel- gestaltigkeit ist im Kiistenland noch fiihlbarer, gibt es doch dort Karstplateaus, Alpengrate und mittellandische Hiigelgebiete. Kulturgeschichtliche Einfliisse und eigenvmchsige Schopfungen der Bau- tatigkeit, der bildenden Kunste und der Stadtepla- nung bieten desgleichen ein buntes Bild. Der Kampf um unsere nationalen Geschicke ist auf diesem Durch- zugsgebiet besonders ingrimmig entbrannt. Das Kiistenland und ein Teil Innersloweniens, durch ein Vierteljahrhundert unter faschistische Okkupation, varen der Inbegriff unseres nationalen Leides, und zugleich unseres unbeugsamen Widerstandes. 33 Simon Gregorčič hat die Soča besungen: "Du lautrer Bergfluss bist so schon .... Du fliesst so leicht und so geschvind wie Madchen, die zu Tale vallenj du saust wie reiner Hohenwind, du braust, wie Jugendlieder sind, * die im Gebirg erschallen — Du Bergfluss bist so schon!" 34 KANAL ist eine der malerischesten Ortschaften in Slowenien. Der Marktflecken war seinerzeit befestigt und iiberwaehte den Saumtierverkehr durch das Sočatal und iiber die Kanaler Briicke .... Den Marktplatz zeichnet seine ausnehmend regelmassige Rechteckform aus. Im Jahr 1815 erhielt er einen Brunnen mit einer barock empfundenen Neptunstatue. Auf dem Markt steht ein Denkmal des ersten slowenischen Alpinisten Stanič. -- Oestlich der Stadt liegt die Hochflache Banjščice, der Schauplatz heftiger Abvehrkampfe der Oesterreicher im Ersten Weltkrieg; Ernest Hemingway hat in seinem Roman "A Farevell to Arms" die Banjšcice unsterblich gemacht. - 6.3 - 35 Das Partisanenlazarett "PRANJA" vrnrde im Zweiten Weltkrieg /im Dezember 1943/ in der engen, von hohen, steilen Felsen umgebenen Klamm eines Wildbachs bei Cerkno errichtet. Nach und nach wurden mebrere Baracken fiir hundert Verwundete erbaut, ferner ein Operationsraum, mehrere Bunker, eine Kiiche, eine Waschkiiche, ein Baderaum, ein Invalidenheim, eine Wasserleitung und ein Elektrizitatswerk, und in den Felsen um das Lazarett Verteidigungsstellun- gen fiir die Schutzkompanie .... Dieses einzigartige Partisanenlazarett wurde spater als Geschichtsdenkmal wiederhergestelit. 36 Zu jener Zeit, als Kolumbus Amerika entdeckte, fiel einem Bauer beim Brunnen in sein Schaff eine schwere silbrige Fliissigkeit. So entdeckte er durch Zufall Quecksilber. 37 Ueber VRHNIKA schrieb Ivan Cankar: "Vrhnika, wunder- samer Ortl ,.... Vessen wach.es Auge hat dich gesehen, wer dich erkannt? Da gingen Leute voriiber, sie sahen die weissen Strassen, die weissen Hauser, und gingen weiter. Ich aber hab’ dir ins Antlitz geschaut wie einem geliebten Madchen und nun ist mein Herz krank nach dir ... Nebem der Ebene unterm Wald, unter dem dunklen gewaltigen Raskovec sitzt ein Flug Tauben; ihre weissen Schwingen glanzen in der Sonne. Dort ist Vrhnika. Ueber die Fohren, iiber die Tannen, vom stillen Karst, vom Meer her erbraust die Bora, stiirzt in die Ebene, halt an und erzittert, erstaunt und gestillt ob so grosser Schonheit." 37a Ueber die Karsthohlen hat Jeannel gesagt: "Was Mekka fiir den Moslem ist, das ist Krain fiir den Hohlen- forscher: Ver nicht in Krains beriihmte Hohlen gepilgert ist, kann kein Hadschi der Unterweltswissenschaften werden .... " 38 Der schonste Teil der Poštojnagrotten zeichent sich durch das strahlende Veiss der Sintergebilde aus. An anderen Steilen sind die Hohlen geschwarzt, seit im April 1944 ein Einsatztrupp der Vojko-Brigade dort eindrang und ein grosses Treibstofflager des Feindes in Brand setzte. Am Meer, auf dem Karst und in Istrien um Koper steht der Charakter der Ansiedlungen unter mittellandischeh Brisen, die ausden Golfen von Triest und Rijeka wehen. Fiir Slov/emen ist diese Landschaft besonders kostbar, denn sie verbmdet unser Land mit dem Pulsschlag der Mittelmeerkiiste biszum Bosporus und Gibraltar hin ... So wie die Geschichte diesee Bodens, so hat auch sein kultureller Ausdruck zwei Gesichter, ein landliches, geschaffen durch die ver- siidlichten Slawen, und ein stadtisches, dem nacb dem Untergang des romischen Imperiums die Romanen treu geblieben sind, die .... auf schwerzuganglicbe Inseln vor der starkgegliederten Kiiste zuriickwichen und /besonders an der Westkiiste Istriens/ einen Kranz unsagbar reizvoller Stadtcben geschaffen haben . darunter auch Koper, Izola, und Piran. Srečko Kosovel singt: "Neu sind die Barken, weiss ist das Meer, movengleich ziehen sie flink einher die Sonne von oben streichelt sie lind ... Vie doch die Barken gliicklich sindl Das Stadtchen PIRAN stammt aus der Antike. Der Ueberlieferung nach sollen es Fliichtlinge aus Aquileia gegriindet haben .... Im Jahr 1283 unter- warf sich Piran der Lagunenrepublik. Nach dem Fali der Serenissima fiel es an Oesterreich .... Zwiscnen den zwei Weltkriegen gehorte die Stadt zu Italien, und 1954 kam sie zu Jugoslawien ... Durch Jahrhunderte waren Slowenen aus der Umgegend und dem Hinterland standig in die Stadt gezogen, drangen aber nie bis in die Oberschicht vor und versanken anhaltend in der romanischen Mehrheit ... Im Volks- befreiungskrieg betatigte sich sehr aktiv die Bevolkerung der Piraner Umgebung. In Jugoslawien wurde Piran der Sitz von Schiffahrtsunternehmen und maritimen Anstalten. Im Hinterland Kopers liegt das typische Kartsdorf HRASTOVLJE, und oberhalb der Ansiedlung steht inmitten erner hohen Rmgmauer die Kirche, eines der internatio- nal bekanntesten Baudenkmaler Sloweniens .... Die grosste Kostbarkeit des Innenraums ist die*W^dmalerei, die samtiiche Vande und Wolbungen bedeckt, auch die Pfeiler smd mit Laubkapitellen bemalt und ihre Schafte - 65 - sind rot gefarbt wie ursprunglich auch der Fussboden, so dass der ganze Raum mit Farbe gesattigt ist . An der Siidvrand erweckt eine Darstellung des Toten- tanzes Aufmerksamkeit ... Nach seinem Motivenreichtum und seiner eindrucksvollen Farbenpracht ist dieses vor fiinfzehn Jahren entdeckte Kunstdenkmal eines der besterhaltenen Zeugnisse spatgotischer Malkunst in Slowenien. In. SOCERB hat der Beschauer die grosse Hafenstadt Triest zu seinen Fiissen. Dort, wie auch vom Berg Slavnik offnet sich in reichem Einklang das Panora¬ ma dieser zauberhaften Landschaft. /kile Uebersetzungen, mit Ausnahme der Zahlen 5 und 16 sind von Janko Golias/. oooOooo ZA KRATEK CAS: TRGOVSKI DOPIS Messrs. 29th July, 1971 Andrews Koffey Company 435, East 139th Street N E W Y 0 R K USA Schentlements, Der last pakaches of koffey ve got from you vos mit rat schitt gemixt. Der koffey may be gutgenuf but der rattschitt schboils der trade. Ve did not see der rattschitt in der samples vich you send us. It takes so much time to pick der ratt dirt out from de koffey. Ve order der kleen koffey and you schippt schitt mixt der koffey Ve like you to schipp us der koffey in von zak and der schitt in der odder zak, den ve mix to suit der customer. Vrite please if ve shut schipp back der schitt and keep der kof- fey of keep der schitt and schipp back der koffey, od schipp back der hohl schitten works. We height to do write in this matter but ve do not like this damn ratt schitt bizzeness atohl. Mit much respects Isak Goldschmidt Sporočil Ladislav BAUMGARTNER. - 66 - Zadnji delovni sestanek je bil angleški, ki ga je Jože KOKOLE začel s temle uvodom: Ladies and gentlemen, X am very glad to open tbis English study meeting, the second one in order, and, it is to hope, one of the many stili to follow, by cordially greeting the numerous guests assembled here, members as well as non-members or simply friends of our Association. I have the special pleasure of welcoming our English friend, Miss Madeleine Duff, who will undoubtedly impart to this meeting a stamp of authenticity. There are several aims which the Association of Scientific and Technical Translators of Slovenia endeavours to achieve in organizing language study meetings like this one. The work and the role of the scientific and technical translator are often mis- interpreted, our study meetings are organized not only to strengten the faith of the dedicated but also to bring home to the uninitiated and raisinformed the essentials and beauties of this thrilling intellectual activity. Translating is not only a faculty learnable to a considerable extent but also a Creative procesa involving a thorough knowledge of at least two lan.- guages as well as a great deal of common sense and ingenuity. It is perhaps just the last two traits that make translating in general and scientific and technical translating in particular so fascinating an occupation. Another objective of these study meetings is to offer acting translators as well as friends of the trans¬ lating art the opportunity of exchanging their opi- nions and of openly discussing problems which haVe cropped up in the course of their work. This down-to- earth approach has also guided the organizers when selecting the topics to be presented and discussed} study meetings will thus undoubtedly prove to be of interest not only to accomplished translators but even more so to those who have just started or are going to take up translatihg as their occupation. Such meetings will convey to them the idea what it is ali about and, moreover, at the very start give them guidance and quite a few useful hints how to set about their work. Last but not least, events of this kind should encourage talented young people to put their hand to translating and eventually join our Association. It is for this reason that we are glad to see so many young faces in the audience: their nresenca moreover, clearly indicates that our AssociationV - 67 - policy of.introducing meetings of the kind is right. Let me point out that this particular study meeting is being organised on a very special occasion, namely the tenth anniversary of our Association. A survey of the work accomplished in the course of this relatively short period of its existence shows a remarkahly good record, its most outstanding recent success heing perhaps the recognition of free-lance status /which has heen for a long time enjoyed by literary transla- tors, men of letters, actors, artists etc./ to scien- tific and technical translators as well. Moreover, this confirmation of the scientific and teohnical translator’s role in our society vdll douhtless prove to be an additional stimulus to everybody wishing to take up scientific and technical tra. slating as his or her basic source of income. Nato je Madeleine DUFF nanizala mnogo tehtnih misli o pomanjkljivostih in napakah besednjakov, ki so na voljo našim prevajalcem za angleščino. Njen prispevek priob¬ čujemo kot uvodnik te številke. Kakor na vseh sestankih, je Ljerka BELAKOVA, članica Slovenskega ljudskega gledališča v Celju, brala sloven¬ sko besedilo. Dr. Janko GOLIAS je sproti podajal svoj angleški prevod iz publikacij o slovenski pokrajini: SOME TEXTS ON THE SLOVENE LANDSCAPE WITH THE ENGLISH TRANSLATION__ Here, we are presenting to you some texts by eminent, mostly Slovene, authors on Slovene landscapes. In 1964-, the State Publishing House of Slovenia projected a series of books, styled "Slovenia", in 5 volumes: Ljub¬ ljana, Gorenjska /Highland Slovenia/, Primorska and Notranjska /Littoral and Inner Slovenia/, Dolenjska and Bela krajina /Lowland Slovenia and the White March/, Štajerska, Koroška and Prekmurje /Styrian, Carinthian Slovenia and the Transmuraland/. The first four volumes have also been published in foreign languages. The series brings excellent photos /mostly of land¬ scapes/ with introductions and essays by leading geo- graphers, historians, art historians and other specia- lists, and quotations from our great poets, from Slovene and foreign writers directly or.indirectly connected with our landscapes. So far, this series has been a great success with English and German-speaking nations. The translations of the literary texts are partly from already published collections; others for the first time in this series, are appearing which is likely to enhance your interest. - 68 - 1 2 Ali these passages are bound together £ ot ®°.“ uch by a common author or translator, but by tbeir common theme - the speli of the Slovene landscape. These texts are much more than guides. They appeal to the countless friends of Slovenia s beauties, her past and art; they remind these friends of their previous visit to Slovenia and give them a desire lor a new — or their first — experience of this country and people. By successfully including literary quotations from much older books alongside adhoc written essays of modern writers, the publishing house has set an attrac tive task for the translators of these travels of the imagination around Slovenia. The entire -- half scientific and half literary — series has therefore been a challenge and a touchstone to'the translators. — This is why we are now going to read to you some of the texts in Slovene, each passage to te followed by its rendering into English, of course only a small part of this series i.e. in the light of our intention /described before our first English evening in 1969/: "to open to you the door of the tran- slator’s workshop" and to offer a look an these thrilling eternal efforts by the two successive coordinate crea- tors: the original author, and his co-author, the trans¬ lator. Let us begin with the volume "LJUBLJANA". Ljubljana usually has cold vrinters and is snowed up for several weeks. The summers are mostly fairly warm and sunny. One of the features of the city’s climate is rapid change in weather conditions. At times, Ljub¬ ljana is exposed to Atlantic influences, at times to those of the Continental east. .... The earliest excavations in Ljubljana date from the late Neolithic. In the first millennium B.G., Illyrians established a settlement named Emona there. VAČE near Litija is the most important Illyrian exca- vation site in Slovenia, on a plateau above the Sava. A " situla" was found in the grave of an Illyrian magnate of the 5th century B.C.: It is a big bronze tankard, decorated with rows of relief with scenes of victories, banquets, religious ritual. The tankard, housed m the National Museum, is considered the most valuable object m the archaeological collection. - 69 - 3 When the Romana had conquered the Illyrians and the Celts, they set up a military encampment right in the middle of the Ljubljana Gap; it retained the Illyrian name. In the year 15 A.D. a circumval- lation was built, and afterwards several times restored. Large sections are stili standing. Tiberius elevated the settlement to the status of a colony and named it Iulia Emona. 4 Emona was probably ravaged by Attila’s Huns. In the 7th century, the Slovenes arrived from the East and founded their settlement between Grad /the Castle Hill/ and the river Ljubljanica. Ro¬ man Emona lapsed into oblivion, and the new settlement came to be called Ljubljana, the name first appearing in documents in the mid-twelfth century .... In the early lA-i* 1 century Ljubljana was proclaimed a city by charter and walled in . When the Ottomans began raiding the ccun- try, the inhabitants reinforced the ramparts time and again; they were removed towards the end of the 18th century. 5 During the March Revolution 1848,the greatest Slovene poet, France Prešeren, wrote these immortal lines in his famous "Toast": "God’s blessing on ali nations, Who long and work for that bright day When o’er Earth’s habitations No war, no strife shall hold its sway, Who long to see That ali men free No more shall foes but neighbours be." 6 During the Second World War, progress in Ljubljana came to a standstill. There was, however, a great deal of activity going on beneath the surface, for it was the focus of the nation*s resistance to the forces of occupation, despite the fact that the enemy had surrounded it on ali sides with barbed wire and kept it under surveillance day and ni ht . Resistance in the town, which became one iarge concentration camp, was highly organized, and typical of the Liberation Movement throughout Slo¬ veni a. - 70 - 7 After the Liberation in 194-5 1 Ljubljana ac 5^ r ®^ stili greater importance to Slovenia than bad been the čase before the war, as the city 0 political centre' of the Socialist Republic of Slo venia.' Today Ljubljana, the vital • focus of Slovene culture, is making up quickly ior the time lost in the past. 8 The greatest modem Slovene poet, Oton Zupančič, is the author of the verses chiselled into the sarcophagus on Urh Hill: " There has one homeland been bestowed upon us ali, and one life and one death" 9 The volume "GORENJSKA" opens with the words of Ciril Kosmač: " It does seem to me that small nations love their homeland more, or perhaps only differently, than big ones do ... We sing of our land’s tiny corners full of beauty, for beauty is like truth; truth does not need a thick book to be revealed to us, nor does beauty need wide, limitless spaces to spread out, to spring up and flower .... " 10 The volume begins: GORENJSKA /Highland Slovenia/ is the northwestern Alpine part of Slovenia, stretch- ing from Ljubljana upstream along the Sava and its tributaries. The region is characterized by the contrast between its plains and mountains . The plain of Gorenjska lies like a multi-coloured carpet among the mountain chains. From the surroun- ding mountains a lovely view may be enjoyed when the fields are cultivated ... The view of the Alps from the plain is marvellous. The hills up to an altitude of 1.700 m are coverjsd with dark forests, above which craggy crests rise, carved out of glit- tering limestone. Even in summertime, white fields of snov glisten in the shadowy mountain recesses . Strung out through the plains and vallevs are agglomerate villages which may be seen from afar thanks to the belfries of their Gothic or Barooue churches .... H - 71 - 11 Beehive boards with painted-on pictures are an outstanding and characteristic product of Slo- vene folk art. Their origin derives from the peasant belief that colours serve the bees as a guide. Since the late Baroque period, the custom arose to pictorially decorate the front- boards of "kranjič", i.e. Carniolan, beehives, architecturally combined in bee-houses. 12 Škofja Loka developed at the foot of the Castle, owned by the bishop of Freising. There, along the roads two townships arose, the upper one being rather urban, the lower one humbler, yet more attractive thanks to its houses with upper storeys over alcoves. By its harmonious internal and exter- nal appearance* Loka is one of the towns like Ptuj, Kranj and Radovljica that have best preserved their medieval character. 13 Simon Jenko has written the verses: "A salute to you Sora Field, Where my anceštors Lay in their graves, Where my cradle Once stood, Where my house Stili stands." And Zupančič: . I have travelled over our land and drunk of its charms. I have loved it. Like a bared maiden's breast, Its flaming fields lay fragrant in the sunshine; I sank into the waves of its v/heat, Alone with myself, alone with my thoughts concealed.” Ivan Tavčar has written the following lines about 'Mt Blegoš: "Our Blegoš is no giant among the Slo- vene mountainsl .... It is surrounded only by the unassuming beauty of a humble Slovene mountain, which knows no eternal snow, barren scree slopes and wild precipices. But in spite of this modesty, the effort required to arrive at its grassy roof is repaid a hundredfold." - 72 - 16 And here is part of Prešeren’s deathless sonnet: "To thee,sweet, happy Vrba, ali my praisel Dear corner of my father’s home and lana, Why did the thirst for knowledge e’er demand Wy going hence into life’s tortuous ways! Then might have floated smoothly my life’s bark, My house, my fertile fields, and ali my own Protected by our patron, good St Mark." 17 This is what the famous English naturalist, Sir Humphry Davy, wrote into his diary in the Eomantic period: "I went to Lake Bled ... There I found a tiny island with a church and houses among trees, a rock and a castle. None of the minor lakes is more beautiful than this one .... It seems to me that a man can take pleasure in life herej every living thing is gay, and inanimate Nature is beau¬ tiful and magnificent .... " 18 Gorenjska is the sportsmen’s eldorado: Chamois browse on the rocky slopes of the Julian Alps, the Karavanke and the Kamnik Alps. When the cherry trees are in blossom in the valleys, the fork- tailed black-cock coos round the snowy peaks . When the beech buds swell in the first days of spring, .... the mountain cock "grinds" and "whets" his love song. Eoebucks graze in the meadows and glades ... In the clearing a royal stag beliš, and his rivals reply from a distance. 19 The chairman of the English Alpine Club, Dr. Long- staff, says in a letter to the writer Dr. Kugy: "You asked me what kind of impression the Julian Alps made on me. After forty years of montaineering, they have become to me the most desirable of ali mountains. I should like to visit them again more than any other region of the Alps .... I think that the eacplanation of this feeling is their astonishing mysteriousness." Since the volume "STIRIAN AND CARINTHIAN SLOVENIA AND TRANSMURALAND" has not yet been published in translation, we are here quoting from this pro¬ vince only a prewar poem by Božo Vodušek, rende- ring the proletarian atmosphere in the then out- skirts of Maribor: " .... Dreary. Nothing ali around but four corners; backyards bleak, piles of planks, and faded fencesj hovels; weedy stubble-fieldsj stumps and earth; thin stems of eun- flowers in the snow; grey trunks." , On DOLENJSKA, Fran Levec has written: "One comes to like the local population, earlier stili than nature. These people distinguish themselves by their frankness and candour, they are sincere, kind-hearted, communicative and obliging. Their vernacular is an exceedingly good Slovene, and they boast an inexhaustible amiable humour." Akin to these are Cankar*s thoughts, written down in 1905: "The man of Lower Carniola .... is the most remark- able representative of the Slovene people, by face and gesture, by speech and style." In contrast to the Alpine region of Gorenjska /Highland Slovenia/, we call the modest tract of land reaching, with its wavy hi lis, from the eastern edge of the Ljubljana Marsh south-east- wards to the Croatian border — DOLENJSKA . The tender undulation of the surface impart to the landscape a characteristic charm .... Under the influence of the narrow conditions, the low- landers .... are of soft temper, obliging and modest .... The lowland dialect was used ip the 16 th century by the Lutheran Primož Trubar of Raščica as the earliest written Slovene language. In the remote past of Bela krajina and Dolenjska in the first millennium B.O. two cultures appeared and left remarkable traces here: first, the Illyrians, whose zenith was the "culture of the situlae" ... and the Illyrian-Celtic culture of the Iapods in Bela krajina ...., followed by the Romana ....A landmark in itself as a Roman mopument is the Mithraic Sanctuary at Rožanec near Črnomelj. - 74 - 25 The metropolis of Dolenjska, NOVO MESTO, hoaets an outstanding strategic and traffic site on a tongue of land within a Sharp hend of the deep Krka .... During the Liberation War, Novo mesto suffered badly. The restoration of the v tovm was entrusted to the architect Marjan Musič, and he breathed a new soul into the semi-destroyed organism ... The whole square was renewed and picturesque arcades below the front of the houses were reconstructed and completed; before the Town-Hall the statues of Kette and Trdina ' were erected, and the fountain was renovated, which stili seems steeped in the sentimental atmosphere of Kette’s beautiful poem "In the weary stili of night". 26 "In the weary stili of night, Luna’s dreamy light wends steadily over the square. The dark is calm like Stone, into the fountain alone playfully breathes the air 27 The large village of ŠENTJERNEJ at the foot of the central part of the Gorjanci Hilla is the centre of the fertile plain along the bend of the Krka. As the folksong has it: "The finest Ijird is Chanticleer, and the finest plače is Šentjernej here". At Šentjernej flutes in the shape of cockerels are made, and majolicas with jovial inscriptions like "Alone with ham and wine? In vain, Thou wilt not long alone remain." 28 The author Janez Trdina has written: "The Gorjan¬ ci are marvellous hills; they have revealed ali of their secrets to nobody, neither to the stran— ger nor to the native. To me, the Gorjanci have disclosed ali the mysteries of their wonderful Kukova gora." It was in the Gorjanci Hills that Trdina discovered the Enchanted Plower, whose scent overwhelms any thought of hardship in lifei * and the Underground Lake with a golden rim, where the Great Nix resides: the Magic Wood, where ali 'r 75 - things are shadowless; the Bird of Paradise, singing so beautifully that one would like to listen for ever; the bird Golden Feathers, whose miraculous golden feather Foolish Nicky Boy plucked outj the magnificent garden Cvetnikj the White Snake, the Dragon, fairies and sprites, witches and werewolves. 29 BARJE (the Ljubljana Marsh), is a large depression south of Ljubljana, where a lake was situated as late as the transition period from the Stone to the Bronze Age. As excavations have demonstrated, lake-dwellers were in those times living near the present village of Ig; they constructed their palafittes /wooden huts/ not far from the shore, but for safety, on piles in the lake bottom. They vere fishers, hunters and cattle-breeders, dressed in hides; they already knew flax and how to work it into yarn, made pottery and baked a bread of milled vater-nuts. 50 BELA KRAJINA /the White March/, the cradle of the . popular pover, vas liberated as early as September 1945. It is separated from Central Dolenjska by the Gorjanci Hills, and open towards the south and south-east. A very clear Southern border is formed by the river Kolpa; eastwards the elegiac nadure of Bela krajina, meets the Uskok settlement of Žumberk and then blends into its forests ... One peculiar feature of the Bela krajina are its "woods for litter", comprising bracken, heather, birch and pine. They provide beauty, but little material benefit. Up to the liberation they covered thousends of acres of fairly deep, but heavy land. In the course of Bela krajina’s postwar rehabilitation an improvement of backvard farming methods took plače and 3everal factories ware established. 31 Semič lies at the foot of the last spurs of the Gorjanci Hills, vhere the landscape of vineyards stretches like a colourful carpet, with cellars and the farmsteads of the wine-growers. By the church one may stili perceive traces of the former circumvallation against the Ottomans .... Above the road leading into the Krka valley, Mt Mirna gora rises, commanding a comprehensive panorama: the - 76 - 32 low land /extending as far as the Kolpa/ is like a giant stage, and Semič is this theatre s royal box. PRIMORSKA /Littoral Slovenia/ has a particular plače amongst our provinces ... Multifanousness is even more felt in the littoral region, which unites Karst plateaux, Alpine ridges and Mediter- ranean hills. Cultural historical influences and the characteristic architectural, artistic and town-planning achievements likewise present an exceedingly varied, original picture. On this soil ... the struggle for our national destiny hlazed up with singular fury. Through a quarter of a century of Italian occupation, the Littoral and a considerable portion of Inner Slovenia embo- died our national sufferings, and at the same time our unshakable resistance. 33 To the River Soča, Simon Gregorčič has composed the verses: Thou beauteous, clear child of the Alps .... Thy flow is nible and is fleet like lasses vralking down the hills; Thou art as mountain air so neat, thy roar is loud, it sounds as strong as highland youngsters’ song - Child beauteous of the Alpsl 34 Kanal is one of the most picturesque places in Slovenia. The market-town was in its time forti- fied, and it controlled the sumpter-traffic through the Soča Valley and across the bridge of Kanal .... The market-place excels in its extraordinarily regular rectangular form; in the year 1815 a fountain was added with a Reptune statue of baroque concep— tion. Moreover there is a monument to the first Slovene Alpinist, Stanič. - To the east of Kanal lies the Banjscice Plateau, the scene of the des— perate defensive warfare of the Austrian Armv in the First Jorld War; # Ernest Hemingway has imiorta- lized the Banjsčice in his novel "A Farevell to Arms". - 77 - 35 The Partisan Hospital "FRANJA" was estahlished in the Second War /in December 194-3/ in an inaccessible, narrow glen of a torrent near Cerkno, enclosed by steep high rocks. Gradually, several huts were built for a hundred v/ounded combatants, an operating room, shelters, a kitchen, a wash-house, baths, a home for disabled soldiers, a water conduit and a power station, and in the rocks round the hospital defences were constructed for the protecting company .... This unique partisan hospital has been restored as a ■ national monument. 36 In the remote days when Columbus discovered America, a peasant at his well found a heavy silvery liquid in his water-butt. Thus, by chance, quick-silver was discovered. 37 On VRHNIKA, Ivan Cankar has written: "Vrhnika, you marvellous plače! Whose wakeful eyes have ever seen you, who has ever perceived you? There were passers- by, they saw the white roads, the white houses, and walked on. But I have been looking into your face as into a sweetheart’s face, and now my heart is sick for you .... Beside the plain, at the foot of the dark and powerful Raskovec sits a flock of pigeons; their white pinions are shining in the sun- light. There lies Vrhnika. Over the pines, over the firs, over the silent Karst, from the sea roars the bora, dives into the plain, trembles, amazed and stilled by such so intense beauty." 37* Of the Karst caves it has been said: "What Mecca means to the Moslems, Carniola is to the spelaeolo- gists: Whoever has not yet made a pilgrimage to her famous caves, cannot become a hadji of subterranean science .... " 38 The finest portion of the Postojna Grottoes is distinguished by the shining white of the sinter formations. In some other places, the caves have been blackened with soot, since a task force of the Vojko Brigade penetrated into the Grottoes and set fire to a large German stock of fuel in April 1944. At the seaside, on the Karst and in Istna round Koper the character of the settlements is influenced by the Mediterranean hreezes blowing from the Gulfs of Trieste and Rijeka. For Slovenia this region is particularly precious, for it links us to the pulsation of the Mediterranean coast as far as the Bosporus and Gibraltar .... Just like the history of this soil, its cultural expression has two faces, one country-like, created by the Slavs established in the south, and the other urban, to which e ve n after the ruin of the Roman Empire the Romance people remained true, who .... retreated to cer- tain islands of difficult approach along the richly indented coast, and - chiefly on the western shore of Istria - raised a garland of townlets charming beyond word ... including Koper, Izola, and Piran. These are Srečko Kosovel’s verses: "The sea is white and the barks are fit, over the billows like guliš they flit, the sun, it caresses them from the sky ... To be such a bark and fly! The town of PIRAN dates from antiquity. Tradition has' it that it was founded by refugees from destroyed Aquileia .... In the year 1283 it sub- mitted itself to Venice. After the decay of the Serenissima, Piran fell to Austria .... Between the First and the Second World Wars the tovm belonged to Italy, and in 1954- it joined Yugosla- via ... Through centuries, Slovenes from the surrounding country and the hinterland had conti- nuously moved to and settled in Piran, yet had never entered the top class of the urban population and had continuously merged in the Romance majo- rity ... In the National Liberation War the popu— lation of the surrounding country took a very active part. In Yugoslavia, Piran has become the seat of shipping enterprises and maritime insti¬ tut ions. In the hinterland of Koper lies the tvoical Karst village of HRASTOVLJE. Above it stands a church. - 79 - encircled with a high defensive wall — one of the internationally best known monuments in Slove- nia ... The most ppecious object in the interior is the mural painting. covering ali walls and vaults. The pillars are decorated with leaf capi- tals, and their shafts are coloured red as was the floor originally too, so that the entire room is soaked with colour .... On the Southern wall a representation of the Dance of Death arouses the spectator’s interest ... By the wealth of its motifs and by its impressive use of colours Hrastovlje /discovered only fifteen years ago/ is one of the best kept evidences of late Gothic painting in Slovenia. 43 SOCERB.offers a spectacular view of the large seaport of Trieste with ali its installations lying spread out at the spectator’s feetj and from Mt Slavnik, commanding an unforgettable view of the entire coastline of the Triestine Gulf, one enjoys in rich harmony the panorama of this marvellous landscape. And now, in conclusion, we are adding three inte- resting passages from: - Jeločnik^— A Find of Roman Gold Coins in Ljubljana - Šašelj — Roman Fortified Defiles in the Julian Alps - Marjan Mušič — The Slovene "Kozolec" /Hay-Rack/. 44 In 1956 a number of late Roman gold coins was dug up in Ljubljana. From this find, our numismatist Aleksander Jeločnik has learned a thrilling episo- de of Emona’s remote past. In the 4th century A.D. Magnentius, a high officer in the Roman Army, of Germanic extraction, was proclaimed anti-emperor against the legal Roman emperor Constantius II. In the year 350 Magnentius occupied ali of Italy, including Emona, but in September 352, Constantius took Emona, and in 353 Magnentius, flying, committed suicide. — Who had the coins, excavated in Ljublja¬ na, belonged to? Our author says: - 80 "The auestion of who the owner of the treasure was, and what he was by profession, necessarily remains unclear. As the plače of discovery lies in the very centre of ancient Emona, l.e. m the north-western area of the Forum, the owner was most probahly some high-ranking official, civil or military, who at the capture of Emona by the troops of Constantius II paid for his affiliation with Magnentius’ cause with his life^"______ Dr Šašelj mentions another famous battle, which took plače in the 4th century A.D. in what is today’s Slovenia, i.e. in September 394, betveen the Roman emperor Theodosius and his antagonist Eugenius, on the streamlet Hubelj near Vipava. Theodosius had broken through the barrier zone near Vipava, but was encircled. Our author writes: 45 "The terrain for a sortie was utterly adverse to Theodosius, and ali of his efforts on 5th Septem¬ ber were beaten off. For ali that, a renewed attempt on 6th September succeeded fuily. The ancient authors explain this event by: the self-confidence of Eugenius’ troops, by treason, by Theodosius’ prayer, the šolar eclipse, and above ali, the fierce squalls of the bora, which simply swept the enemies away. Eugenius was captured and killed." And here is a passage from the monograph "The Slo- vene KOZOLEC" by arch. Marjan Mušič /the winner of last year’s Cankar Prize/: 46 "Between Stara Fužina and Srednja vas, the wanderer halts, when he perceives a great family of such- hay-racks, crowded along the cart-track before the village of Studor. This track moves upwards through the fields to a notch in the mountains, where an agglomerate village hides among the trees. The first and most impressive scenery is supplied by k group of "stogs" arranged about the even soil before the mountains: They resemble watchers at the entrance to the village ... When one catches sight of them at the right moment — at daybreak or in moonlight, when human presence is not perceived — a Vision emerges as if they had been standing there from time lmmemonal, as if some mjrthical temp^es had grovm out of the .ground. We stili do not know the details of the structures, we only comprehend their solid volumes, to which the slightly curved crosspoles and the silvery roofs /forming triangular tympana/ give a towering effect. Archaic temples of rough timber-work must have looked much as these constructions hefore the splendid marble imprinted a note of durability and distinction on them." H koncu smo si še ogledali barvni film "A sea of sweet waters", ki nam je z lepimi posnetki priča¬ ral eno največjih svetovnih prometnih poti - pre¬ kop v zvezi z reko Sv. Lovrenca med velikimi sever¬ noameriškimi jezeri in Atlantskim oceanom. Poseb¬ nost te prometne poti so velika skladišča pšenice, kjer se zbira pridelek iz prostranih ravnin Manitobe in Saskatchewana, in neznansko dolge ladje, ki ga prevažajo. S tem je bil delovni del simpozija zaključen. Sle¬ dila sta plenarni sestanek in skupna večerja. Simpoziji utegnejo postati stalna oblika, ki omogoča da seznanjamo javnost s svojim delom. Lanski veliki simpozij jugoslovanskih znanstvenih in tehničnih prevajalcev v Ohridu to upanje potrjuje. 000O000 NOVE KNJIGE V DRUŠTVENI KNJIŽNICI din Jean MAILLOT: La traduction scientifique et technique. Ždition Eyrolles, Pariš, 1970 154,50 Joseph PATERNOST: Prom English to Slovenian. Probleme of Translation Equivalence. The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa, 1970 • Darilo 1970 Edition / Britannica Book of the Year. Encyclo- paedia Britannica, Inc., The University of Chicago, 1970 143,— 1971 Edition - idem - 1971 171,— 1972 Edition - idem - 1972 , 188,— Grand Larousse Encyclopedique. Supplement. Librairie Larousse, Pariš, 1968 280,80 Wle funktioniert das? Meyers erklarte Technik. Biblio- graphisches Institut Mannheim, 1963 48,— How things work. The Universal Encyclopaedia of Ma¬ chines. Bibliographisches Institut, Mannheim/Wien/ Ziirich, 1967 125,20 Wie funktioniert das? Informatik. Bibliographisches Institut Mannheim/v.'ien/Zurich, 1971 55,80 Elektronski računalniki. Elektrotehniška zveza Slove¬ nije. Ljubljana, 1971 150,— - 82 - Dorland»s Illustrated Medical Dictionary. 24 Edition. Saunders Co., Philadelphia and London, 1957 Metalurški rečnik iz oblasti orne metalurgije ^oh b Ha E P D S). Gradjevinska knjiga, Beograd, 1971 2 izvoda, vsak .. _ Reinhart von Eichborn: Wirtschaftsworterbuch Is Eng- lisch-Deutsch. Dritte, vollig neu bearbeitete Auf- lage. Econ-Verlag, Dusseldorf-Wien, 1969 Idem II: Deutsch-Englisch. Dritte, vollig neu bearbei¬ tete Auflage. Idem 1970 / Doucet: Dictionnaire nuridique et economique 1 fran- 9 ais-allemand. 2® edition. C.H. Beck'sche Verlags- buchhandlung, Munchen und Berlin, 1966 ti Doucet: ¥orterbuch der deutschen und franzosischen Rechtssprache. 2. Auflage. Idem Conte: Dizionario giuridico ed economico italiano-te- desco. 2 a edizione rielaborata ed^ampliata. C.H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Munchen, 1971 Conte: Worterbuch der Rechts- und Wirtschaftssprache. 2., neubearbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. Idem, !969 Gradišnik-Kopriva-Naglič: Pomorska slovenščina. Mladin¬ ska knjiga, Ljubljana, 1961 Seznam slovenskih imen za gobe. Mikološko društvo Slo¬ venije. Ljubljana, 1972 Eastman Kodak Company: Glossary of Photographic Terma (E D S P I Sl Pt Sv). Rochester, N.Y., 1972 Josip ZIDAR: Rečnik jugoslovenskih skracenica. Medju- narodna Politika, Beograd, 1971 Slovar sokraščenij francuzskogo jazika. "Sovjetskaja Enciklopedija", Moskva, 1968 Ristic-Kangrga: Enciklopedijski nemačko-srpskohrvatski rečnik. Prosveta, Beograd ~ Max Hueber Verlag Mun¬ chen, 1963. I & II Langenscheidts GroBworterbuch Pranzosisch. II. Teil Deutsch-Franzosisch. Langenscheidt Berlin-Munchen 1968 Lazzioli-Nemi: Novissimo dizionario delle lingue ita- liana e tedesca. Societa editrice Vannini. Brescia. 1966 Langenscheidts Handworterbuch Deutsch-Pranzosisch, 8 . Auflage. Langenscheidt KG Berlin und Munchen, 1968 Idem: Italienisch-Deutsch, 1. Auflage, idem, 1965) Idem: Deutsch-Italienisch, 1. Auflage, idem, 1965) Idem: Englisch-Deutsch, 10. Auflage, idem, 1969 ) Idem:- Deutsch-Englisch, 13. Auflage, idem, 1969 ) Worterbuch Deutsch-Englisch, 11. Auflage, VEB Verlag Enzyklopadie, Leipzig, 1970 Dizionario Garzanti della lingua italiana. 8 a edizione. Garzanti Editore, Milano, 1970 • ■ P. C0L0MB0: Vocabolario della lingua italiana. Edizioni Capitol, Bologna, 1969 Langenscheidts Deutsches Worterbueh. Rechtschreibung und Grammatik. 2 . Auflage. Lengenscheidt KG VerleUs-* buchhandlung Berlin-Schoneberg, 1955 & Der Grofie Duden: Stilworterbuch der deutschen Sprache. 4 . Auflage. Bibliographisches Institut Mannheim, 1956 din 207,25 150 ,— 366,30 366,30 158 ,— 158 ,— 171,20 171,20 4,- 15,- Darilo Darilo 21,25 520,— 169,- 178,— 25,- 51.50 45.50 20 ,- 75,- 20 ,— 12 ,- 30 ,— din ■ - 83 - Italienisch fiir Kaufleute. Handelskorrespondenz und Han-' delskunde. 3« Auflage. Langenseheidt Berlin Munchen . Zurich, 1965 16, <— Aleksander JELOCNIK: Centurska zakladna najdba. The Cen- tur Hoard. Prevod v angleščino: Dr. Janko GOLIAS. Na¬ rodni muzej, Ljubljana, 1973 Darilo Dr. France HABE: The Postojna Grottoes with the Planina and Predjama Caves. Translation: Dr. Janko GOLIAS. ■ Postojna, 1972 Darilo Dr. Vinko SRIBAR: The Island in Lake Bled. A Summary of its Past. Translation by Janko GOLIAS. Zavod za turi¬ zem, Bled, 1972 Darilo ■ Dr. Vinko SRIBAR: Die Insel im See vom Bled. Histori- scher Abrifi. tlbersetzung: Dr. Janko GOLIAS, Zavod za turizem, Bled, 1973 Darilo ooooooo SURVEY OF THE CONTENTS Pages J_T_ 1 - 15 At our symposium on 27 x February, 1971, Madeleine Duff read a remarkable paper on the queštion how English-Slo- vene and Slovene English dictionaries ought to be made. The text is published in original English. An editor's comment in Slovene states that the paper is an excellent starting point for programming future dictionaries of this kind. 16 - 21 The annotations on the leading Slovene-French dictionary upon which the authors embarked in the previous number of MOSTOVI, is continued: letter A is brought to an end. 22 - 23 There are some general remarks regarding the existing dictionaries of the Serbo-Croatian and the Slovene lan- guages. 24 - 28 Glimpses of the working methods of a translator of Ital- ian. On the pages from 29 to 81 and in the enclosed booklet, is a report on the symposium held on 26™ and on 27™ February, 1971 . The main topič is a comparison of ex- tracts from a series of excellent illustrated volumes on Slovenia's landscape in original Slovene (printed in a separate booklet to facilitate comparison), with the -31 - 43 French, 53 -65 German, and 67 - 79 English translations. In the ihtroduction, in the last word and in between, is some further information on the symposium as well as the 45 - 52 speech of an Austrian translator and court interpreter on qUestions of the profession in Austria. Besides in Slovene and Serbo-Croatian, there are contributions in English, French, German and Italian. A few petty items are scattered over the number. o 123 M S S ra A O ra O 3s ra 0 W ra ra P3 0 3 > o w ■p ra o A t>> S rt - 85 - > > © o >ra rt rt -p •rl rt rt> ti -rt rt o :o H H >>>cara©©rHH M irt »rt > rt rt rt •• •• d rt -p -p ■o tj n rt jo o o Irt o rt rt -h -h d) rt MH:rt» 0

H rt •r-3 rt p >ra ■P ,rt rt iM •H t-ri rt O rt H -P trt VI Irt - 86 V CENO JE ZADEL članek Milisava M. Grujiča v zadnji - jubilejni številki MOSTOV (februar 1971): KO KOGA PLAČA I ZASTO? - sicer ga ne bi ponatisnil "Glasnik", glasilo Udruženja naučnih i stručnih prevodilaca SR Sr¬ bije v svoji 2. številki, ki je izšla spomladi leta 1972,z navedbo vira. - Pregovor pravi: "lepa beseda dobro mesto najde." Ne le le¬ pa, tudi pametna. VSEBINA Str« NASE SLOVARSKE TEGOBE - IX The English-Slovene and the Slovene-English Dictionaries 1 - X Nos dictionnaires (Suite)...16 - XI Srpskohrvatsko-slovenački i slovenačko-srpskohrvatski rečnik (Nastavak osvrta u br. 8-10 Mostova) ....... 22 IZ PREVAJALSKE DELAVNICE - La tecnica di tradurre e 1’arte di "limare" la traduzione con speciale riguardo a traduzioni dallo sloveno in ita- liano....24 SIMPOZIJ OB DESETLETNICI DRUŠTVA - Uvod....29 - Quelques textes sur les provinces slovenes presentes avec la traduction slovene . 31 - Einige Gedanken zur Lage der wissenschaftlich-technischen Fachubersetzungen in Osterreich . ........ 45 - Texte uber die slowenische Landschaft, mit deutscher Ubersetzung. 53 - Some Texts on the Slovene Landscape with the English Translation..67 DROBIŽ - Maximarket - Minilingua . 16 - A Pun .. 23 - Prevajalčeva melanholična diagnoza . ... 28 - Pozor, dragi slovenitelji angleških kriminalk . 43 - Za kratek čas: Trgovski dopis .•.65 - Nove knjige v društveni knjižnici . 81 - Survey of the Contents. .83 - V črno je zadel....86 PRILOGA: Nekaj tekstov o slovenski pokrajini. Pošiljajte članke, informacije in druge prispevke za MOSTOVE na naslov: Društvo znanstvenih in tehničnih prevajalcev Slovenije, Gosposvetska cesta l/l desno, 61000 Ljubljana! U 197991 Priloga MOSTOVOM št. 11 in 12 x/ NEKAJ TEKSTOV O SLOVENSKI POKRAJINI Izvirno slovensko besedilo Z natisom izvirnika v obliki priloge želimo olajšati bralcem primerjavo slovenskega besedila s prevodi, pri¬ občenimi v MOSTOVIH, po zaporednih številkah tekstov. Uredništvo MOSTOV j ceret IZVIRNO SLOVENSKO BESEDILO NEKAJ TEKSTOV O SLOVENSKI POKRAJINI Tu smo Vam zbrali nekoliko besedil znamenitih avtorjev, večinoma slovenskih, o slovenskih pokrajinah. L. 1964 je Državna založba Slovenije zasnovala serijo knjig "SLOVE¬ NIJA" v petih zvezkih: Ljubljana, Gorenjska, Primorska z Notranjsko, Dolenjska z Belo krajino, Štajerska-Koroška- Frekmurje; prve štiri knjige so že tudi izšle v nemškem, angleškem in srbskohrvaškem prevodu. Serija prinaša odlične slike /večinoma pokrajine/ z uvodi in članki vodečih geografov, zgodovinarjev, umetnostnih zgodovinarjev in drugih strokovnjakov, ter s citati iz del naših velikih pesnikov, naših in tujih pisateljev, nepo¬ sredno ali posredno povezanimi s pokrajinami Slovenije. Ta serija je imela že do sedaj v angleško in nemško govorečem svetu velik'uspeh. Prevodi leposlovnih citatov so deloma iz že objavljenih zbirk, deloma pa prvič objavljeni v omenjeni seriji. To bo nemara povečalo Vaše zanimanje. Vsa ta besedila veže ne avtorjevo ali prevajalčevo ime, temveč skupna tema — čar slovenske pokrajine. Ti teksti so dosti več kot vodnik: Obračajo se na neštete zamejske prijatelje Slovenije in njene lepote, preteklosti, kulture; jim prikličejo v spomin prejšnji obisk v naši deželi ter jim obujajo željo novega — ali prvega — doži¬ vetja te pokrajine in teh ljudi. Posrečeni prijem založbe, ki je za razgledovanje po sloven¬ ski zemlji uporabila leposlovne citate že ustvarjenih del, poleg ad hoc napisanih člankov in esejev sodobnih avtorjev, je postavil prevajalcu mikavno nalogo. Celotna serija — pol znanstvena, pol leposlovna— mu je zategadelj žlahten izziv in poskusni kamen. To je bil razlog, da Vam podajamo nekaj teh besedil v slovenščini in v prevodu, seveda le majhen del te zbirke, le toliko namreč, kolikor je primerno v duhu našega namena, opisanega že v prvih študijskih sestan kih 1. 1969: "da Vam odpremo vrata prevajalčeve delavnice in Vam pokažemo ta ali oni značilni prizor iz večnih napo¬ rov obojnih kreatorjev — izvirnih avtorjev in poustvarjal¬ nih soavtorjev prevajalcev." Ljubljana ima navadno mrzle zime in jo sneg za več tednov zagrinja v belino. Poletja so večinoma precej topla in sončna. Vremenski vplivi se hitro menjavajo. Včasih jo zajame ozračje z Atlantika, drugič s celinskega vzhoda. .... Najstarejše najdbe na tleh^Ljubljane izvirajo iz poznega neolitika. V prvem tisočletju pred našim štetjem so Iliri tu ustanovili naselje Emono. Vače pri Litiji so najpomembnejše ilirsko najdišče v Sloveniji. Na planoti nad Savo je stalo naselje. Umrlemu ilirskemu veljaku so v 5* stoletju pred našim štetjem dali v grob tudi situlo, to je velik slavnostni vrč iz brona, okrašen z vrstami reliefov, ki prikazujejo prizore iz sma- govitih bojev, z gostij in iz bogočastja. Izkopanino hrani Narodni muzej v Ljubljani kot najdragocenejši predmet arhe ološke zbirke. Ko so Rimljani zagospodarili nad Iliri in Kelti, so prav sredi Ljubljanskih vrat postavili vojaško taborišče, ki je ohranilo ilirsko ime. Leta 15 po našem štetju je nastalo v velikih delih še ohranjeno, večkrat obnovljeno obzidje, Tiberij pa je povišal naselbino v kolonijo z imenom Iulia Emona. Verjetno so Emono porušili Huni pod Atilovim poveljstvom. V 7- stoletju so Slovenci, ki so takrat prišli z vzhoda, ustanovili svoje naselje med Gradom in Ljubljanico. Rimska Emona je utonila v pozabo, novo naselje je dobilo ime Ljub Ijana. V listinah je prvič ohranjeno is srede 12. stoletja ....... V začetku 14. stoletja je dobila Ljubljana mestne pravice. Ko so Turki začeli vpadati v deželo, so meščani obzidje vedno znova utrjevali. Odstranili so ga konec 18. stoletja. Najvecji slovenski pesnik, France Prešeren, je ob marčni revoluciji leta 1848 napisal v svoji "Zdravljici" te vedno žive verze: "Žive naj vsi narodi, ki hrepene dočakat dan, da, koder sonce hodi, prepir iz sveta bo pregnan, da rojak prost bo vsak, ne vrag, le sosed bo mejak!" Med drugo svetovno vojno je tazvoj Ljubljane zastal, živo je bilo pa njeno notranje življenje, saj je bila središče narodnega odpora proti okupatorju, čeprav je bila krog in krog obdana z bodečo žico in noč in dan zastražena . Mesto-taborišče je bilo podrobno organizirano in je v osvo¬ bodilnem gibanju dajalo zgled vsej Sloveniji. Po osvoboditvi leta 194-5 je Ljubljana dobila še večji po¬ men za Slovenijo, kot ga je imela pred vojno, saj je po-, stala politično središče Socialistične republike Sloveni¬ je. Danes je Ljubljana živo središče slovenske kulture in naglo nadomestuje, kar je bilo v preteklosti zamujenega. Največji moderni slovenski poet Oton Župančič je avtor verzov, vklesanih v sarkofag na Urhu: "Domovina je ena Nam vsem dodeljena In eno življenje In ena smrt." "Da, zdi se mi, da mali narodi bolj ali vsaj drugače lju¬ bimo svojo domovino,kakor jo ljubijo veliki . Opevamo in poveličujemo njene kotičke, ki so polni lepote, kajti lepota je podobna resnici: resnica ne potrebuje debele knjige, da se nam razjasni, lepota ne širnega, brezmejnega prostora, da se razmahne, razbohoti in razcvete.■?. Knjiga pravi: Gorenjska je severovzhodni alpski del Slo¬ venije in se razprostira od Ljubljane-ob Savi in njenih pritokih navzgor. Značilnost pokrajine je v kontrastu med ravnino in gorovji . Gorenjska ravnina leži kot pisa¬ na preproga med gorovji. Lepo je gledati nanjo z okoliških vrhov, ko so polja obdelana ..... Čudovito lep je pogled z ravnine na Alpe. Predgorje in bregovi do 1700 m so ogr¬ njeni v temne gozdove, nad njimi pa žarijo skalnati gre¬ beni, zgrajeni iz svetlega apnenca. Še v poletnih dneh se po jarkih belijo snežišča . Po ravnini in dolinah so nanizane gručaste vasi, ki jih že od daleč oznanja zvonik gotske ali baročne cerkvice .... -Ur¬ il Poslikane panjske končnice predočujejo izreden in značilen proizvod slovenske ljudske umetnosti. Njih nastanek je v zvezi z ljudskim verovanjem, da se čebele orientirajo po barvah. Od kasnega baroka sem .... se pojavlja navada, poslikati končnice panjev "kranjičev"j arhitekturno zdru¬ ženih v čebeljnjaku, s figuralnimi prizori. 12 Škofja Loka se je razvila pod gradom freisinškega škofa. Ob cestah sta nastala pod gradom dva trga, gornji meščan¬ ski in doljnji skromnejši, a mikaven zaradi hiš z nadstrop¬ ji na pomolih. Po skladni notranji in zunanji podobi spada Loka v vrsto tistih naših mest, ki so kakor Ptuj, Kranj in Radovljica najbolj ohranili srednjeveški značaj. 13 Simon Jenko je pel: "Pozdravljeno bodi. Sorško polje, kjer moji očaki v grobih leže; • kjer zibel je moja stala nekdaj, kjer rojstna stoji še hiša mi zdaj." 14- Župančičevi so verzi: " ... Hodil po zemlji sem naši in pil nje prelesti. Ljubil sem jo. Kakor grudi deviške razgaljena duhtele pod soncem so njene poljane raspaljene; potapljal sem se v valove njenih žit, sam, sam s seboj, le z mislimi svojimi skrit ...," 15 0 Blegošu piše Ivan Tavčar: "Med slovenskimi gorami naš Blegoš ni velikani ... Obdaja ga samo ponižna lepota slo¬ venske planine, katera ne pozna večnega snega, ne neplod¬ nih melov in ne divjih prepadov. Ali vzlic temu v svoji skromnosti stotero poplača truda polno pot, katero si moral prehoditi do tratnate njegove strehe." 16 In tu je del Prešernovega nesmrtnega soneta: "0 Vrba, srečna, draga vas domača, kjer hiša mojega stoji.očeta; da Vuka žeja me iz tvojga sveta speljala ne bila, goljfiva kača! mi mirno plavala bi moja barka, pred ognjem dom, pred točo mi pšenico bi bližnji sosed varoval - svet Marka." Takole je zapisal v svoj dnevnik znameniti angleški priro- doslovec Sir Humphry Davy v času romantike: "Odpeljal sem se k Blejskemu jezeru ... Tu sem našel majhen otok s cerkvi¬ jo, hiše med drevjem, pobočje in grad. Nobeno izmed majhnih jezer ni lepše kakor to ... Zdi se, da se tu človek lahko veseli življenja} vse, kar živi, je veselo in neživa narava lepa in mogočna ..." , Gorenjska je raj lovcev: V gorskih pečinah Julijcev, Kara¬ vank in Savinjskih Alp'se pasejo gamsi. Ko po dolinah cveto češnje, po snežnih vrhovih grulijo krivorepi ruševci ... Ko se v dihu pomladi napne bukovo popje, ... veliki petelin brusi in kleplje svojo ljubavno pesem. Po posekah se pase srnjak ... Na jasi ruka mogočni jelen, iz daljave mu odgo¬ varjajo tekmeci. In predsednik angleškega "Alpine Cluba", dr. Longstaff, piše dr. Kugy-u: "Sprašujete me, kakšen vtis so name napra¬ vile Julijske Alpe. Postale so mi po štiridesetih letih čaščenja gorskega sveta od vseh gora najbolj zaželene. Obis¬ kati jih znova želim bolj kot katerikoli predel Alp. Menim, da gre ta občutek razlagati iz njihove presenetljive skrivnostnosti." Knjiga "ŠTAJERSKA, KOROŠKA IN PREKMURJE" še ni izšla v pre¬ vodih, zato vam tu podajamo zgolj dva citata: Eden je iz predvojne pesmi Boža Voduška o revni periferiji takratnega Maribora, drugi pa je iz Prežihovega romana "Samorastniki". " .... Sami pusti štirikoti in nesmiselna dvorišča, skladi desk, izprani ploti, lope, grintava strnišča, štori, zemlja, tanka stebla sončnic v snegu, siva debla". " ... vi ste samorastniki ... Kakor se samorastnik zgrabi z okolico, tako se morate tudi vi zgrabiti z življenjem. Kjer stojite, poženite korenike. Ne dajte se teptati od drugih, ne prenašajte ponižno krivic, ali tudi vi ne prizadevajte nikomur, nobenemu bližnjemu krivic!" O DOLENJSKI pravi Fran Levec: "Se prej nego priroda, se ti prikupi narod, ki prebiva tod. Ti ljudje se odlikujejo po svojem prostodušnem vedenju, odkritosrčni so, prijazni, zgovorni in postrežni. Prava njihova posebnost pa je izred¬ no pravilna govorica in neusahljiv ljubezniv humor." Tem mislim so sorodne Cankarjeve, ki je leta -1^05. napisal, da je "Dolenjec ... najimenitnejši predstavnik slovenskega naroda, na obrazu in v kretnji, v jeziku in slogu." Ža nasprotje alpskemu svetu pravimo DOLENJSKA skromni po¬ krajini z nizkim hribovjem, ki se od vzhodnega kraja Ljub¬ ljanskega barja vleče proti jugovzhodu do hrvaške meje. Drobna valovitost površja-daje pokrajini svojevrstno zna¬ čilnost in ljubkost Majhne razmere so napravile Dolenj¬ ca mehkega, prijaznega in skromnega ... Dolenjsko narečje je reformator Primož Trubar, doma iz Raščice, v 16. stoletju uporabil za prvi slovenski knjižni jezik. V daljni preteklosti Bele krajine in Dolenjske zadenemo v prvem tisočletju pred našim štetjem na dve kulturi, ki sta prav tu zapustili vidne sledove: to so Iliri z viškom v kulturi situl ... in ilirsko-keltska kultura Japodov v Beli krajini .... Sledili so Rimljani ... Kot posamezen pimski spomenik je najbolj pomemben mitrej v Rožancu pri Črnomlju. Dolenjska metropola NOVO MESTO ima odličen strateški in pro¬ metni položaj na pomolu v okljuku globoke Krke ... V osvobo¬ dilnem boju je Novo mesto močno trpele. Obnovo so zaupali rojaku arhitektu Marjanu Mušiču, ki je vdihnil polporussnemu organizmu novo dušo ... Obnovil in dopolnil je' na trgu sli¬ kovite arkade pod fasadami hiš, pred rotovž postavil kipa Ketteja in Trdine, obnovil pa. tudi vodnjak, nad katerim plava sentimentalna Kettejeva "Noč trudna molči ... "Noč trudna molči, nezamudna beži čez mestni trg luna sanjava. Vse v mraku mirno, na vodnjaku samo tih vetrc z vodo poigrava." - 7 - 27 Središče rodovitne ravnine ob loku Krke je velika vas ŠENTJERNEJ, ki stoji v podnožju Gorjancev. Pesem pravi: "Ni v lepšega ptiča kot^je petjalen, ni lepšega mejsta kot je Šentjaren". .... V Šentjerneju izdelujejo piščalke v obliki petelinčka, in majolike z duhovitimi napisi kot npr. "Kjer je vince, kjer je krača, hitro najdeš pomagača". ■28 Pisatelj Janez Trdina je napisal: "Gorjanci so čudovita gora, ki ni odkrila vseh svojih skrivnosti nikomur, ne^tuj- cu ne domačinu. Meni so razodeli vse skrivnosti svoje čudo¬ vite Kukove gore". V Gorjancih je našel^čudežno rožo, kate¬ re vonj prežene misel na življenjske težave; podzemno jeze¬ ro z zlatim robom,, bivališče podvodnega moža; gluho ložo, kjer so stvari brez sence; rajsko ptico, ki tako lepo poje; Zlatoperja, ki mu je nespametni Mikec izpulil čudodelno pero; prekrasni vrt Cvetnik; belo kačo, lintverna, vile, škrate, coprnice in volkodlake. 29 BARJE je velika ugreznina južno od Ljubljane, kjer je^bilo še ob prehodu kamene v bronasto dobo jezero. Kakor kažejo izkopanine, so tedaj živeli v bližini današnjega Iga mostiščar¬ ji, ki so zaradi varnosti postavili lesene koče na koleh, zabite v jezersko dno. Pečali so se z ribolovom, lovom in živinorejo, oblačili so se v živalske kože, uporabljali lan za prejo, izdelovali lončeno posodo, in za kruh so mleli plodove povodnega oreška. 30 BELA KRAJINA, zibelka ljudske oblasti, je bila svobodna že 1943.leta ... Od osrednje Dolenjske jo ločujejo Gorjanci, a odprta je proti jugu in jugovzhodu ... Zelo določno mejo pomeni Kolpa, na vzhodu pa zadeva elegična Bela krajina ob uskoški Žumberk in se razgubi v njegovih gozdovih ... Poseb¬ nost Bele krajine so steljniki , kjer rastejo praprot, resa, breze in bori. Na pogled so prijetni, a gospodarsko malo- pomembni. Do osvoboditve so pokrivali več tisoč hektarov težke, a precej globoke zemlje. Pri povojni obnovi Bele krajine so začeli zboljševati zaostalo kmetijstvo in usta¬ navljati industrijo. 31 SEMIČ leži pod zadnjimi odrastki Gorjancev, kjer s'o bregovi pisana preproga vinogradov, zidanic in domačij. Pri cerkvi so še vidni sledovi nekdanjega tabora proti Turkom ... Nad cesto, ki vodi v dolino Krke, se vzdiguje Mirna gora; razgled je izredno obsežen: Nižinsko področje do Kolpe je kot velik oder in Semič je v tem gledališču častna loža. PRIMORSKA, ima posebno mesto med našimi pokrajinami ... Raznovrstnost se uveljavlja na Primorskem še močneje, saj so tu kraške planote, alpska slemena in mediteranski griči. Kulturno-zgodovinski vplivi in samonikle- stvaritve v stav¬ barstvu, umetnosti in urbanizmu sestavljajo prav tako pi¬ sano podobo. Boj za našo nacionalno usodo se je posebno srdito razplamtel na teh tleh. Primorska in del Notranjske, ki sta bili četrt stoletja pod fašistično zasedbo, sta bila pojem naše nacionalne bolečine, a tudi odpornosti in neu¬ ničljivosti. Simon Gregorčič je pel Soči: Krasna si, bistra hči planin .... •Tvoj tek je živ in je legak, ko hod deklet s planine; in jasna si ko gorski zrak, in glasna si, ko spev krepak planinske je mladine ; — Krasna si, hči planini KANAL je eno najslikovitejših naselij Slovenije. Trg je bil včasih utrjen in je nadziral tovorniški promet, ki je šel po soški dolini in tod čez most ... Kanalski trg se odlikuje z izredno pravilno podolgovato obliko in leta 1815 postav¬ ljenim vodnjakom z baročno občutenim kipom Neptuna in spo¬ menikom prvemu alpinistu med Slovenci, Staniču. - Vzhodno od Kanala leži banjška planota, prizorišče silovitih obramb¬ nih bojev Avstrijcev v prvi svetovni vojni; Ernest Hemingway je v svojem romanu "Zbogom orožje" napravil Banjščice ne¬ smrtne. Partizanska bolnica "FRANJA" je bila ustanovljena v drugi svetovni vojni /v decembru 194-3/, v ozki, z visokimi strmimi skalami obdani in nedostopni soteski hudournika pri Cerknem. Postopoma so zgradili več barak za sto ranjencev, operacij¬ sko sobo, bunkerje, kuhinjo, pralnico, kopalnico, invalidski dom, vodovod in električno centralo, v skalovju okrog bol¬ nišnice pa bunkerje za zaščitno četo ... Ta svojevrstna par¬ tizanska bolnišnica je bila restavrirana kot spomenik. V času, ko je Kolumb odkril Ameriko, je neki kmet v današnji Idriji namakal pri^studencu lesen škaf in se je vanj natekla težka srebrna tekočina: Tako je slučajno odkril živo srebro. - 9 - 37 O VRHNIKI je Ivan Cankar napisal: "Vrhnika, prečuden kraj! ... Kdo te je videl z bedečimi očmi, kdo te je spoznal? Šli so mimo, videli so bele ceste, bele hiše, in so šli dalje. Jaz pa sem ti pogledal v obraz kakor ljubljenemu dekletu in zdaj je. moje srce bolno po tebi ... Kraj ravni pod gozdom, pod temnim, mogočnim Raskovcem sedi jata golo¬ bov; bele peroti se leskečejo v soncu. Tam je Vrhnika. Čez bore, čez hoje, od tihega Krasa, od morja šumi^burja, plane v 1 ’avan, postane, vztrepeče, osupla in utolažena ob toliki lepoti." 37a 0 kraških jamah je dejal Jeannel: "Kar je Meka za muslimane, to je Kranjska za jamoslovee: Kdor ni poromal v njene slo¬ vite jame, ne more postati ’hadži’ podzemeljske vede ... ". 38 Najlepši del Postojnske jame odlikuje izredna belina kapniš¬ kih tvorb. Na drugih mestih so jame počrnele, ker^je v apri¬ lu 1944 vanje vdrla skupina Vojkove brigade in zažgala oku¬ patorjevo skladišče bencina. 39 Ob morju, na Krasu in v koprski Istri je naselbinski značaj pod vplivom mediteranskih sapic, ki pihljajo iz Tržaškega in Reškega zaliva. Za Slovenijo je ta njen del posebno drago¬ cen, ker jo povezuje z utripom sredozemskega obrežja tja do Bospora in Gibraltarja ... Kakor zgodovina te zemlje ima tudi njen kulturni izraz dva obraza, podeželskega, ki ga je ustvaril pojužnjačen Slovan, in mestnega, ki mu je bil od propada rimskega imperija naprej zvest Roman, ko se je .... umikal na teže dostopne otoke ob razčlenjeni obali in ustva¬ ril posebno na zapadnem obrežju Istre venec neizrečno mikav¬ nih mestec ... tudi Koper, Izolo in Piran. 40 Srečko Kosovel je pel: Morje je belo in barke so nove, kot jadrni ptiči gredo čez valove, nad njimi gre sonce in boža jih ... Rad bi bil kdo izmed njih! 41 PIRAN je mestece antičnega porekla. Po izročilu naj bi ga bili ustanovili begunci iz Ogleja ... Leta 1283. se je pod¬ redil Benetkam, po razpadu republike pa je pripadel Avstriji .... Med dvema vojnama je bil pod Italijo, in 1954 je pri¬ padel Jugoslaviji. ... Skozi stoletja so se bili Slovenci iz okolice in zaledja stalno selili v mesto, nikdar pa niso pro¬ drli v zgornjo plast in so se stalno izgubljali v romanski večini ... V narodnoosvobodilni vojni je zelo aktivno sode- lovala okolica samega Pirana. V Jugoslaviji je Piran postal središče pomorskih podjetij in ustanov. V koprskem zaledju je tipična kraška vas HRASTOVLJE, nad njo pa z visokim obrambnim zidom obdana cerkev, eden mednarodno najbolj znanih spomenikov Slovenije. Največjo vrednost daje ' njeni notranjščini stenska slikarija vseh sten in obokov; stebri imajo naslikane listnate kapitele, njihovi trupi so rdeče pobarvani kakor prvotno tudi tlak, tako da je vsa pro¬ stornina prepojena z barvo ... Na južni steni vzbuja pozor¬ nost upodobitev smrtnega plesa ... Po motivnem bogastvu in pisanosti barvnega učinka je ta pred petnajstimi leti odkri¬ ti spomenik eno najpopo.lneje ohranjenih prič poznogotske sli¬ karske kulture v. Sloveniji. S SOCERBA, kjer je pod nami civilizacijski kolos tržaškega mesta, in z gore Slavnik, od koder so pogledi na Tržaški zaliv nepozabni, se nam skladno dopolnjuje panorama te čudo¬ vite pokrajine. "Vprašanje nekdanjega lastnika zaklada, predvsem bi nas zani¬ mal njegov poklic, mora ostati nerešeno. Ker leži najdišče v samem središču stare Emone, v severozahodnem območju foruma gre še najverjetneje za visokega civilnega ali vojaškega urad nika, ki je ob^zavzetju mesta po četah Konstancija II. z življenjem plačal svojo pripadnost Magnencijevi stvari." "Izpadni teren je bil za Teodozija do skrajnosti neugoden, vsi napori dne 5. septembra so bili z lahkoto odbiti. Pono¬ ven poskus naslednjega dne pa je v celoti uspel. Za ta dogo¬ dek navaja antična literatura naslednje razloge: samouverje- nost Evgenijeve vojske; izdajo; Teodozijevo molitev; sončni mrk; predvsem pa silovite sunke burje, ki je Teodozijeve nasprotnike enostavno pomedla. Evgenija so ujeli in usmrtili. "Med Staro Fužino in Srednjo vasjo obstane korak, ko se od¬ pre pogled na veliko družino stogov, ki so se zgnetli ob kolovozu pred vasjo Studor. Kolovoz se vzpenja in vijuga med polji proti zarezi med gorami, v kateri se je ugnezdila vas, ki se je skrila med krošnje dreves. Prvo in tudi najizrazi¬ tejšo sceno daje skupina stogov, ki so razporejeni na planih tleh pred gorami in se zde kot stražarji pred vhodom v vas .. - 11 - Kadar jih uzremo v pravem trenutku, ob zori ali mesečini, ko ni čutiti prisotnosti človeka, se prebudi vizija, da stojš pred nami od davnine, kakor da bi zrasli iz tal, pravljični templji. Ne razpoznamo še detajlov in ne struk¬ tur, dojemamo le njihove čvrste volumne, ki jim dajejo videz kipenja v lahni krivulji napeti stožniki in srebrne strššine, ki oblikujejo trikotne zatrepe. Nekako taki so morali biti arhaični templji v raševinasti gradnji iz lesa, preden jim je.bleščeči marmor vtisnil pečat trajnosti in odličnosti." ■ . ■ ■ ■ ' , I ■ .