ACTA ENTOMOLOGICA SLOVENICA
LJUBLJANA, NOVEMBER 2011 Vol. 19, št. 2: 145-154
NOTES ON ZYGAENA FABRICIUS, 1775 OF THE BALKAN PENINSULA (INSECTA, LEPIDOPTERA, ZYGAENIDAE)
Ana Nahirnić1, Predrag Jakšić2 & Gerhard M. Tarmann3
1 Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia, e-mail: ananahirnic@gmail.com
2	Faculty of Sciences, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18 000 Niš, Serbia
3	Tiroler Landesmuseen, Ferdinandeum, Naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung,
Feldstrasse 11a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Abstract - New data on three species of Zygaena Fabricius, 1775 from Serbia and Montenegro are provided. Z. (M.) cynarae (Esper, 1789) is newly recorded for Montenegro and the central Balkans, while Z. (Z.) nevadensis Rambur, 1958 has been discovered in Serbia. On Kopaonik Mountain (Serbia), a 6-spotted population of Z. (Z.) transalpina (Esper, 1780) / Z. (Z.) angelicae Ochsenheimer, 1808 had been found which includes forms that are intermediate to the normally 5-spotted Z. (Z.) angelicae herzegowinensis Reiss, 1922 that is widely distributed in the Balkans.
Key words: Zygaena, Balkan Peninsula
Izvleček - PODATKI O RODU ZYGAENA FABRICIUS, 1775, NA BALKANSKEM POLOTOKU (INSECTA, LEPIDOPTERA, ZYGAENIDAE) Navedeni so novi podatki o treh vrstah iz rodu Zygaena Fabricius, 1775, iz Srbije in Črne gore. Z. (M.) cynarae (Esper, 1789) je prvič zabeležena za Črno goro in osrednji Balkan, medtem ko je bila Z. (Z.) nevadensis Rambur, 1958, odkrita v Srbiji. Na gori Kopaonik (Srbija) je bila najdena populacija vrste Z. (Z.) transalpina (Esper, 1780) / Z. (Z.) angelicae Ochsenheimer, 1808, s šestimi pikami, ki vsebuje vmesne oblike s podvrsto Z. (Z.) angelicae herzegowinensis Reiss, 1922, ki ima običajno pet pik in je široko razširjena na Balkanu.
Ključne besede: Zygaena, Balkanski polotok
Introduction
While compiling data for an international project on the Zygaenidae of the Balkan Peninsula, some preliminary and unexpected results show that there is still a considerable lack of knowledge about the group in this region. Holik (1936-1939) published an extensive summary of the Zygaenidae of the Balkan Peninsula, based on the earlier literature and original material from many important museum collections of the time (e.g. those housed in Munich, Vienna, Budapest, Sarajevo, Ljubljana, Klagenfurt etc.). He was also in contact with the most important specialists such as B. Alberti, H. Rebel, H. Zerny, and with many private collectors (e.g. J. Hafner, J. Thurner, A. Winneguth, B. Zukowsky). However, during the past 70 years a lot of new informations accumulated, much of which is already published (e.g. Alberti, 1938, 1939, 1966; Burgermeister, 1964; Coutsis, 1988; Daniel, 1957, 1958, 1964; Daniel, Forster & Osthelder, 1951; Dutreix & Essayan, 1992; Hofmann, 2003; Jaksic, 1990, 2006; Rauch, 1977a, 1977b, 1981; Reiss, 1962; Reiss & Tremewan, 1962; Silbernagel, 1944; Thurner, 1938, 1967; Verity, 1939). More recent fieldwork has produced some surprising results which the present authors consider worth publishing, even though a lot of additional work is still necessary.
Material and methods
Adult samples were collected using an entomological net. The specimens were determined on the basis of wing-patterns following Naumann et al. (1999). Photos of specimens were taken using an Olympus SZX 10 stereo microscope with a special ring illumination (no ring flash!) and with a digital camera Olympus E 3. A series of shots were taken by starting with the focusing at the highest point of the specimen and by working down in focus layers. The final picture was compiled by the programme Helicon Focus 4.30 Pro and then cleaned and the background generalized with the programmes Adobe Photoshop Lightroom and Adobe Photoshop CS 4. Distribution maps were plotted using BioOffice software. All the material is deposited in the collection of Predrag Jaksic in Belgrade (CPJB). Types of habitats and associations of each locality are described according to Davis et al. (2003).
Results and discussion
Zygaena (Mesembrynus) cynarae subsp.?
Material examined:
1 Ç, Montenegro, Mala Crna Gora (Durmitor N), Omar, 1400 m a.s.l., 8 August 1984; leg. P. Jaksic (coll. P. Jaksic, Belgrade) (fig. 1).
This discovery is remarkable because the nearest known population of this species (Z. (M.) cynarae jadovnika Rauch, 1977) occurs in north-western Bosnia. The distance from Mala Crna Gora in Montenegro to Drvar in Bosnia and
Fig. 1. Zygaena (M.) cynarae subsp.? Ç, Montenegro, Mala Crna Gora (Durmitor N), Omar, 1400 m, 08. viii.1984; leg. P. Jaksić (coll. P. Jaksić, Belgrade, Serbia). Fig. 2. Zygaena (M.) cynarae jadovnika Rauch, 1977 S, paratype, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Drvar, 8 km SW, 850-1,000 m, 03.-06.vii.1976; leg. H. & M. Rauch (coll. TLMF [Tiroler Landesmuseen, Ferdinandeum, Innsbruck, Austria]) Fig. 3. Zygaena (M.) cynarae jadovnika Rauch, 1977 Ç, allotype, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Drvar, 8 km SW, 850-1,000 m, 03.-06. vii.1976; leg. H. & M. Rauch (coll. TLMF)
Fig. 4. Zygaena (M.) cynarae adriatica Burgeff, 1926 S, Slovenia, Gradišče,
Vipava, 250 m, 24.vi.1973; leg. H. & M. Rauch (coll. TLMF)
Fig. 5. Zygaena (M.) cynarae adriatica Burgeff, 1926 Ç, Slovenia, Nova Gorica,
Trnovo, 750 m, 27.vi.1973; leg. H. & M. Rauch (coll. TLMF)
Fig. 6. Zygaena (Z.) nevadensis pelisterensis Reiss, 1976 S, Serbia, Vlasina, Vlasina
Rid, 1300 m, 19.vi.2010; leg. P. Jaksić (coll. P. Jaksić, Belgrade, Serbia)
Map 1: The distribution of Zygaena (M.) cynarae subspecies in the Balkans.
Herzegovina (type locality of Z. (M.) cynarae jadovnika) is approximately 250 km as the crow flies. The locality in Montenegro is one of the southernmost known in Europe and it is the first record of the species for the central Balkan Peninsula.
The single female is a very large specimen, larger than all known examples from eastern Austria, Hungary, the south-eastern Alps and the Balkan Peninsula. As this specimen is not fresh and slightly damaged, we are unable to refer it to any described subspecies until further, fresh material is available.
Now three population groups of Z. cynarae are known from the former territory of Yugoslavia (map 1):
1.	Z. (M.) cynarae adriatica Burgeff, 1926 (Slovenia (karst), Croatia (coastal regions southwards to Zadar)) (figs 4, 5)
2.	Z. (M.) cynarae jadovnika Rauch, 1977 (Bosnia and Herzegovina, only known from the karst around Drvar) (figs 2, 3)
3.	Z. (M.) cynarae subsp.? (Montenegro, Mala Crna Gora) (fig. 1)
Type of habitat and plant association at Omar:
91R0 Dinaric dolomite Scots pine forests (Genisto januensis-Pinetum)
PAL. CLASS.: 42.5C52
Pini illyricae - Edraianthetum glisicii Lks
Zygaena (Zygaena) nevadensis pelisterensis Reiss, 1976
Material examined:
1 S Serbia, Šar-planina Mt., Durlov potok, 1750 m a.s.l., 23 July 2009; leg. A.
Nahirnić (coll. P. Jaksić, Belgrade) 4 S Serbia, Vlasina, Vlasina Rid, 1300 m a.s.l., 19 June 2010; leg. P. Jaksić (coll.
P. Jaksić, Belgrade) (fig. 6) 1 S Macedonia, Kocani S, Vidoviste, 500 m a.s.l., 28 June 1955; collector unknown (coll. Museum of Natural History, Skopje) (second known record for Macedonia)
Hitherto Z. (Z.) nevadensis pelisterensis Reiss, 1976, was known only from Macedonia (Baba Planina, Pelister (Reiss, 1976)), Greece (Aspropotamos in Trikala (Coutsis, 1988)) and Bulgaria (Rila) (Dutreix & Essayan, 1992). The above-mentioned records from Serbia are the first for this state (map 2). Type of habitat and plant association at Durlov potok: 4060 Alpine and Boreal heaths PAL. CLASS.: 31.4 Rhododendro-Pinetum peucis M. Jank. Type of habitat and plant association at Vlasina Rid: 6220 Pseudo-steppe with grasses and annuals of the Thero-Brachypodietea PAL. CLASS.: 34.5
Diantho-Armerietum rumeilcae N. Randjelović 1978
Map 2: The distribution of Z. (Z.) nevadensis pelisterensis in the Balkans.
Zygaena (Zygaena) transalpina (Esper, 1780) / Z. (Z.) angelicae Ochsenheimer, 1808
Material examined:
2 S Serbia, Kopaonik Mountain, Bele Stene, 1700-1800 m, 23 July 2010; leg. P.
Jaksic (coll. P. Jaksic, Belgrade) (figs 7, 8)
1 S Serbia, Kopaonik Mountain, Jaram, 1750 m, 8 July 1988; leg. P. Jaksic (coll.
P. Jaksic, Belgrade) (fig. 9)
Z. (Z.) transalpina Esper, 1780, is known from the northernmost edge of the Balkan Peninsula (Z. (Z.) transalpina hilfi Reiss, 1922) (figs 10-12). Hofmann & Tremewan (1996) mention as its distribution Slovenia, Croatia (Istra) and with a '?' Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bihac). South and east of these areas only Z. (Z.) angelicae Ochsenheimer, 1808, is known (Z. (Z.) angelicae herzegowinensis Reiss, 1922, in the Balkans (figs 13, 14) and Z. (Z.) angelicae angelicae Ochsenheimer, 1808, in Austria and Hungary). However, Holik (1948) mentions several specimens of Z. transalpina within the range of Z. angelicae from Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Hybridisation cannot be excluded. It is therefore remarkable that on the top of Kopaonik Mountain in Serbia, a long distance away from the so-far southeastern known Z. transalpina populations in Bosnia, 6-spotted specimens occur in the middle of the range of Z. angelicae (map 3). However, although only these three specimens (see above) are known at present, we can see that there must be gene-flow occurring between 6-spotted and 5-spotted populations, as one specimen clearly represents an intermediate form. It has to be stated that the figured map is still incomplete and preliminary and is based on the so far examined material and the most important literature data (e.g. Holik, 1948) only. It reflects therefore not the known distribution of both species. More literature and material in collections have to be examined and field studies to be undertaken. A more detailed study of this problem is in progress.
Map 3: The distribution of Z. (Z.) transalpina and Z. (Z.) angelicae in the Balkans.
Fig. 7. Zygaena (Z.) transalpina (Esper, 1780) / Z. (Z.) angelicae Ochsenheimer, 1808 đ, Serbia, Kopaonik Mountain, Bele Stene, 1800 m, 23.vii.2010; leg. P. Jaksić (coll. P. Jaksić, Belgrade, Serbia)
Fig. 8. Zygaena (Z.) transalpina (Esper, 1780) / Z. (Z.) angelicae Ochsenheimer, 1808 đ, Serbia, Kopaonik Mountain, Bele Stene, 1700 m, 23.vii.2010; leg. P. Jaksić (coll. P. Jaksić, Belgrade, Serbia)
Fig. 9. Zygaena (Z.) transalpina (Esper, 1780) / Z. (Z.) angelicae Ochsenheimer, 1808 đ, Serbia, Kopaonik Mountain, Jaram, 1750 m, 08.vii.1988; leg. P. Jaksić (coll. P. Jaksić, Belgrade, Serbia)
Fig. 10. Zygaena (Z.) transalpina hilfi Reiss, 1922 đ, Slovenia, Gradišče, Vipava, 250 m, 24.vi.1973; leg. H. & M. Rauch (coll. TLMF)
Fig. 11. Zygaena (Z.) transalpina hilfi Reiss, 1922 đ, Slovenia, Sv. Katarina, Bled, 634 m, 07.vii.1973; leg. H. & M. Rauch (coll. TLMF)
Fig. 12. Zygaena (Z.) transalpina hilfi Reiss, 1922 Ç, Slovenia, Gradišče, Vipava, 250 m, 24.vi.1973; leg. H. & M. Rauch (coll. TLMF)
Fig. 13. Zygaena (Z.) angelicae herzegowinensis Reiss, 1922 Bosnia and Herzegovina, Koricna, 1100 m, 18.vii.1973; leg. H. & M. Rauch (coll. TLMF) Fig. 14. Zygaena (Z.) angelicae herzegowinensis Reiss, 1922 Ç, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Koricna, 1100 m, 18.vii.1973; leg. H. & M. Rauch (coll. TLMF)
Type of habitat and plant associations at Bele Stene and Jaram: 8220 Siliceous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation PAL. CLASS.: 62.2
Edraiantho-Saxifragetum sempervivi helianthemosum cani D. Lakušić 1987 Diantho-Seslerietum latifoliae Ranđelović, Rexhepi et V. Jovanović 1979 Piceetum excelsae serbicum Rudski 1947 daphnetosum blagayanae Mišić et Popović 1960
Acknowledgments
The authors are indebted to BIODAT Alpin (Innsbruck, Austria) and to Abteilung Kultur des Amtes der Tiroler Landesregierung (Innsbruck, Austria) for providing support for equipment and travel expenses. We thank Mr Axel Hofmann (BreisachHochstetten, Germany) for data, valuable comments and corrections. Moreover, we thank our colleague Stefan Heim (Tiroler Landesmuseen, Ferdinandeum, Innsbruck, Austria) for producing the photos and Mag. Hannes Kuehtreiber for producing the maps. Last but not least we thank Dr W. G. Tremewan (Truro, U.K.) for editing the English typescript.
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Received / Prejeto: 25. 3. 2011