The History of the Central State Scientific and Technical Archives of Ukraine (CSSTA of Ukraine)
Anna ALEKSEENKO, Dr.
CSSTA of Ukraine - Head of Documents Information Using Department, 4 Universitetska Str.,
Kharkiv, Ukraine e-mail: alekseenkoaa1@gmail.com
The History of the Central State Scientific and Technical Archives of Ukraine (CSSTA of Ukraine)
ABSTRACT
The article reveals the history of the CSSTA of Ukraine as specialized archival institutions for centralized storage and use of scientific and technical publication (STP). It describes the main group of the STP of the archive: design, engineering and research. Highlighted the value of the examination questions for the transmission of documents for permanent preservation in the Archives of questions and create a specific system of accounting STP (by complex).
La storia degli Archivi Scientifici e Tecnici Centrali dello Stato Ucraino (CSSTA dell'Ucraina)
SINTESI
L'articolo rivela la storia della CSSTA dell'Ucraina come istituzioni archivistiche specializzate per il deposito centralizzato e l'utilizzo di pubblicazioni scientifiche e tecniche (STP). Esso descrive il gruppo principale della STP dell'archivio: progettazione, ingegneria e ricerca. Viene evidenziato il valore delle domande d'esame per la trasmissione di documenti per la conservazione permanente presso l'Archivio di domande e di creare uno spe-cifico sistema di contabilita STP (dal complesso).
Zgodovina Centralnega državnega znanstvenega in tehničnega arhiva Ukrajine (CSSTA)
IZVL^EČEK
Članek predstavlja zgodovino CSSTA (Centralni državni znanstveno- tehnični arhiv Ukrajine), ki je specialen arhiv za centralno hrambo in uporabo znanstvenih in tehničnih publikacij (STP) v Ukrajini. Podrobneje je predstavljena največja skupina gradiva STP, ki se nanaša na oblik ovanje, tehniko in raziskovanje. Poudarja vrednost izpitnih vprašanj za posredovanje dokumentov za trajno hranjenje v arhivu in ustvarjajo poseben sistem štetja STP.
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Interest in centralized preserving of historically significant scientific-technical publications (STP) goes back to the 1960. The scientific basis for the technical Archives was developed by the Moscow State Historical Archives Institute. The contribution to the study of technical documentation made Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor Alexander Kuzin (1911-1992).
The decision of the Council of Ministers of the USSR from May 21, 1964, n. 431 about "centralized preserving of scientific-technical publications and organizing of their wide use" became a stimulus to solve this problem. The decision has charged the ministers and government departments
Anna ALEKSEENKO: The History of the Central State Scientific and Technical Archives of Ukraine (CSSTA
of Ukraine), 265-268
to launch activities in delivering the scientific-technical publications developed by scientific/research, design and engineering organizations for state preserving.
The Central State Archives of scientific-technical publications which show historical stages in development of science, engineering and technology in Ukraine was established in conformity with the decision of the Council of Ministers of Ukrainian SSR from December 25, 1969, n. 688. According to the decision of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine from July 21, 1992, n. 415 and by order n. 35 of the Main Archives Administration of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine from July 31,1992, the CSAScTP name has been changed for Central State Scientific-Technical Archives of Ukraine (CSSTA of Ukraine).
CSSTA of Ukraine holdings consist now of 245 fonds, over 570 000 preserved units and 951 sets of scientific-technical publications for the period from 1891 to 2011.
CSSTA of Ukraine is completed in accordance with the requirements of the regulatory guidelines "Fundamentals for the public storage of scientific and technical publications" (1976).
Central State Scientific and Technical Archives of Ukraine preserve the scientific and technical (design, engineering, research, technological) documents that were formed as a result of leading research, design, engineering and technological organizations, located in Ukraine. Most of these projects have been awarded state and international prizes, diplomas.
The archival documents in history of science and technology provide a retrospective review of all major sectors of the economy: construction, energy, metallurgy, coal, gas, petroleum, chemical industry, automobile, tractor, agricultural, heavy and medium machine-building, etc.
The third part of archival design/technological documentation contains projects of steam locomotives and diesel locomotives of Luhansk's diesel locomotives manufacturing factory (1931-1957); trucks and buses of Kremenchuk's and Lviv's automobile factories; marine and river water transport; tractors of Kharkiv's tractor plant; mine equipment; agricultural machinery, road construction machinery, machine tools and others.
Scientific reports reveal problems of Ukrainian coke industry in 1930s; improvement and development of new technologies of alloys, refractories, high-clean substances, building materials, new industrial equipment and automation control of companies.
Capital construction projects of energy complex and heavy industry enterprises take a significant place among branches of industry which documents are pre-served in the Archives.
Design documents of DniproHES construction, though not numerous, have attracted considerable interest. Subsequent development of water resources in Ukraine is presented by projects of Kak-hovka, Kremenchuk, Kaniv and other hydroelectric power plants.
The Archives preserve the documents of the following vast plants of heat power industry: Zapor-izhzhia, Kurakhiv, Myroniv, Predniprivya, Slovyansk state district thermoelectric plants. Nuclear power industry is presented in the archival fonds by the part of the projects of Kursk, Novovoronezh and Southern Ukraine nuclear power plants.
The problems of use of water resources in Ukraine and environment protection are highly covered by archival documents. Among the most interesting documents are as follows: projects of Ukrdiproproject such as "The Problem of Great Dnipro" (1934-1971), water supply and sewerage systems in Donbas, Makiivka industrial region, Kharkiv's rivers regulation and etc.
Archives of scientific-technical publications (STP) rather fully cover a matter of coal industry recovery.
A project in recovery of the coalmine named after Gorky in Donbas in post-war years which is one of the oldest in Ukraine (1896) as well as the project of the biggest mine "Velykomostivska" in Western coal basin may serve as an example. Among coal cutter-loaders we may draw attention to the coal-miner "Donbas" which was the most perfect among all world known coal cutter-loaders of this type at that time.
Anna ALEKSEENKO: The History of the Central State Scientific and Technical Archives of Ukraine (CSSTA
of Ukraine), 265-268
Mining equipment documents hold the great interest today: the first soviet dewatering pumps (1933-1941) which were as good as the best samples of these items abroad; the first home-produced centrifugal mine fans (1929-1937) which manufacture gave a chance to give up import. A project of man-riding cage exhibited in Brussels world fair (1958) has an interesting technical conception; an integrated design in dust removal de-aeration of coal mines has got three prizes at all union competitions.
Design documentation of the main types of steam locomotives and diesel locomotives has been submitted to the CSSTA of Ukraine by Voroshilovgrad's diesel locomotive manufacturing factory which may form a true historical notion of steam and diesel locomotive manufacturing industry in Ukraine. The following design publications demonstrate the development of automobile transport in Ukraine. Lviv's (AA3-695 (LAZ-695), AA3-697 (LAZ-697)), Kremenchuk's (KPA3-257 (KRAZ-257), KPA3-214 (KRAZ-214)), Zaporizhzhia's "Kommunar" (3A3-956 (ZAZ-956)) automobile factories.
Important traffic routes cross Ukraine. Some design requirements and specifications are kept in archives (Kharkiv - Kyiv, Kharkiv - Rostov; 1944-1945). Among the documents, in addition to the road layouts, there are geodetic exploration and maps of deposits of local construction materials.
Among the documents showing the development of water transport we must draw attention to the design of Odesa seaport buildings, Mariupol ship repairing and shipbuilding factory, Mariupol seaport, Odesa seaport, Kerch ferry and river passenger terminal in Kyiv.
A collection of design sets of motor-vessels, scows, barges (1936-1954) is recognized by the experts as worthy of attention.
Pipeline transport is presented in the Archives by the pipeline projects: "Urengoy - Pomary -Uzhgorod", "Orenburg - West border of the USSR", "Central Asia - Center", "Dashava - Kyiv"; petroleum pipelines: "Druzhba", "Anzhero - Sudzhensk - Krasnoyarsk", "Dolyna - Drohobych", "Krasnoyarsk - Irkutsk", "Kuibyshev - Lyssychansk ", " Mangyshlak - Volga - Ukraine". These documents are important both from the point of view of engineering history and a practical implementation. Designs of petroleum and petroleum product pipelines and oil handling terminals developed by the State petroleum pipeline design institute have been also given for State keeping. Among which is the design of "Druzhba" petroleum pipeline crossing the whole territory of Western Ukraine.
Geography of industrial, engineering and architectural projects saved in CDNTA of Ukraine is not limited to Ukraine but includes 26 countries: Belarus, Bulgaria, Georgia, Egypt, India, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Russian Federation, Hungary, Uzbekistan, etc.
Ferrous metallurgical works and basic (heavy) engineering plants lie at the basis of Ukraine economy. The Archives keep 23 designs of metallurgical works. Among them the giant factories of the national metallurgy industry like Zaporizhstal, Kryvorizhstal and Azovstal.
Power metallurgy is represented by the design documents of the first specialized powder metallurgical work in Brovary, Ukraine. The Archives have documents of the first non-ferrous metallurgical plant Zaporizhzhia integrated titanium magnesium works (1933).
One of the most important industry in Ukraine - tractor industry - is fully represented by the archival documents which are in addition to production of machinery specialized in the manufacturing of the components: unified diesel engines (for tractors and self-propelled grain harvester (combine); products of Ukraine's assembly factories (units, parts of hydraulic system for tractors and combines) and the like. Since Kharkiv's tractor plant came into service, the evolution of tractor engineering industry practically got under way. Valuable docu-ments in the field of civil engineering and architecture in Ukraine are concentrated in Archives. From pre-war period a set of documents of Ukrcivil-projectbud institute (1928-1933) is noteworthy.
Scientific and technical publications of the Kyiv's branch of Soyuzdorproject institute include design drawings of bridges, bridgeworks, bridge approaches and automobile road bridges.
Significant part of documents relates to the designs of high-water bridges across the Dniper
Anna ALEKSEENKO: The History of the Central State Scientific and Technical Archives of Ukraine (CSSTA
of Ukraine), 265-268
river. The scheme for main city road reconstruction and housing construction of the main road in the capital of Ukraine was developed by an architect body of Kyivproject institute. The scheme for Khresh-chatic road reconstruction contains more than ten thousand units. The Archives also keep general layouts of Kyiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Lviv and other cities. Unique plans of Kharkiv city dated 1906, 1909, 1910 are preserved in the Archives. They are perfectly made and have bright colour drawings of historical city trade centre, Kharkiv town planning scheme with neighbouring villages, restoration design of Archangel Michael Cathedral.
A fond of private origin which belonged to O. Beketov, academician of St. Peterburg's Academy of Arts, Ukrainian soviet architect, professor, a member of USSR Academy of Architecture occupies a prominent place in the archive. Other fonds of private origin attract considerable interest: O. Zavarov, state prize-winner of Ukraine, People's Architect; B. Ostashchenko - Kudryavtzev, Doctor of Science in Physics and Mathematics, astrometrist and cartographer; Ya. Krantzfeld, designer, inventor and production-rationalizer in the field of power plant construction; I. Tryshevskyi, scientist in the field of metallurgy industry; Yu. Prokudin, one of the distinguished Ukrainian botanist, professor of Kharkiv State University and the others.
The Archives documental information is widely used to defend human rights and satisfy the public's social needs and requirements as well as to realize the reconstruction, repair, restoration and renovation works, etc.
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OcHoeu omöopa Ha ^ocy^apcmeeHHoe xpaHeHue HayuHo-mexHunecKOü ^OKyMeHma^uu, MocKBa 1976.
AHomoeaHuü peecmp onucle 0oHdie ^AHTA yKpaiHu : doeidHuK /^4,HTA yKpaiHu [ynop^g. A. M. Ka3HaHeBCb-Ka (BignoBig. ynop^g.), O. M. Ma^eHKo, H. B. Mupropog, O. B. AecHeHKo]. - XapKiB 2003.
^eHmpaAhHuü depMaeHuü HayKoeo-mexHiuHuü apxie yKpaiHu : nymieHuK / ^AHTA yKpaiHu [aBT.-ynop^gH. A. O. AAeKceeHKo (BignoBig. ynop^gH.), M. A. BaAumeB, O. G. AoxgtOBa, G. B. CeMeHOB. - XapKiB 2009.
Central State Scientific and Technical Archives of Ukraine (CSSTA of Ukraine). - F. R-48.
Central State Scientific and Technical Archives of Ukraine (CSSTA of Ukraine), Web-site: : http://www.archive. gov.ua (last visit on 31th may 2013).
SUMMARY
In conformity with the decision of Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR, December 25, 1969, n. 688 the Central State Archives of Scientific and Technical publications of the Ukrainian SSR (CSAS TP) have been established. According to the decision of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, July 21, 1992, n. 415 and by order n. 35 of the Main Archives Administration of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, July 31, 1992, the CSAScTP name has been changed for Central State Scientific and Technical Archives of Ukraine (CSSTA of Ukraine). Central State Scientific and Technical Archives of Ukraine preserve the scientific and technical (design, engineering, research, technological) documents that were formed as a result of leading research, design, engineering and technological organizations, located in Ukraine. The archival documents in history of science and technology provide a retrospective review of all major sectors of the economy: construction, energy, metallurgy, coal, gas, petroleum, chemical industry, automobile, tractor, agricultural, heavy and medium machine -building, etc.
Submitting date: 31.03.2013 Acceptance date: 24.04.2013