Ocene, zapiski, poročila - Reviews, Notes, Reports
jo, hkrati pa se z novimi raziskovalnimi vprašanji ozira že v prihodnost.
Poglavje o tolmačenju za skupnost uvaja razprava Vojka Gorjanca, ki poleg značilnosti tolmačenja za skupnost v ospredje postavlja še vprašanje nadnacionalne odgovornosti ter jezikovnih človekovih pravic v sodobnih medkulturnih okoljih. Še posebej velja izpostaviti sociološko vprašanje glede tolmaških situacij kot asimetrije pri porazdelitvi moči, kjer tolmač prevzema vlogo soustvarjalca interakcije in hkrati delno zmanjšuje razliko v razporeditvi družbene moči med družbeno šibkejšim, ki potrebuje tolmača za komunikacijo, in družbeno močnejšim. V nadaljevanju Alenka Morel osvetli tolmačenje za skupnost v Sloveniji s kritično analizo diskurza v tolmaški interakciji v azilnem postopku, kjer analiza jezikovnih sredstev dodatno razkriva razmerja moči med udeleženci v postopku mednarodne zaščite. Tatjana Balažic Bulc in Vesna Požgaj Hadži osvetlita pojav nove potrebe po tolmačenju za skupnost pri južnoslovanskih jezikih v Sloveniji. Izredno zanimiva je diskusija rezultatov analize, ki so jo v svojem prispevku predstavili avtorji Nike K. POKORN, L. FELGNER, M. POKORN, B. K. Plesničar in u. Ahčan glede položaja tolmača in usmerjenosti njegovega pogleda v medicinskem okolju. Ugotovitve namreč kažejo, da ima veliko akreditiranih tolmačev izkušnje s tolmačenjem za potrebe zdravstva. Hkrati pa v slovenskem prostoru ne izobražujemo tolmačev za potrebe skupnosti in nimamo nobenega kodeksa ravnanja, ki bi postavljal standarde in določal postavitve tolmača v prostoru ali priporočal usmerjenost pogleda tolmača pri tolmačenju. Tako rezultati anket kažejo, da se tolmači največkrat ravnajo po svojih izkušnjah in najpogosteje kot najide-
alnejšo postavitev v prostoru izberejo trikotno postavitev, sebe pa v tolmačenju za potrebe zdravstva vidijo le kot 'sredstvo', 'medij', 'tehnični pripomoček' ali 'orodje za sporazumevanje', ki mora 'ostati v ozadju'. Tretje poglavje sklene prispevek Roka Chitrakarja s prikazom in razpravo o tolmaški interakciji na kriznih območjih.
Monografija pomembno zapolnjuje vrzel na področju tolmačeslovja v strokovni literaturi na Slovenskem, saj na eni strani sistematično povzema bistvene že opravljene raziskave, njihove rezultate ter ugotovitve, na drugi strani pa odpira nova potencialna področja raziskovalnega dela in možnosti zaposlovanja tolmačev v prihodnje. In ne nazadnje je monografija tudi dragoceno študijsko gradivo. Če sklenem z mislijo urednika VOJKA Gorjanca, pričujoča monografija ne bo ostala osamelec, saj se ji bodo v prihodnje pridružila še druga dela, ki bodo sistematično predstavljala razvoj tolmačeslovja v slovenskem prostoru.
Andreja Pignar Tomanič
Filozofska fakulteta Univerze v Mariboru pignar. tomanic@um.si
Gerhard Neweklowsky: Der
Gailtaler slowenische Dialekt Feistritz an der Gail/Bistrica na Zilji und Hohenthurn/Straja vas. Klagenfurt: Drava, 2013. 180 str.
Dialect data are the raw materials for the reconstruction of the history of language. This is especially true for an area like the Slovene speech territory with a
Silvia Centralis 2/2013
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Ocene, zapiski, poročila - Reviews, Notes, Reports
relatively young written language. It is regrettable that many Slovene dialects are not yet thoroughly described and that some of the most archaic forms are now being leveled and lost.
The situation has been altered in recent years for the Carinthian Slovene dialect of Gailtal in Austria. In the last four years two significant monographs on Gailtal sub-dialects have been published. In 2009 Tijmen Pronk finished a valuable work in the dialect of Egg and Potschach, and now in 2013 Gerhard Neweklowsky has written a book on the closely related Gailtal dialect of Feistritz/Bistrica na Zilji. The timing is important because both authors claim that the dialects are only spoken by the oldest generation and close to extinction.
The Gailtal dialect is on the very northwestern extreme of the Slovene speech territory. It is an area observed to be rich in archaisms, especially as regards the preservation of Slavic to-nemic distinctions. It is also a place where linguistic innovations might be expected because of significant contact with other language groups and because of the pressure of bilingualism. Newek-lowsky's new book addresses both of these issues and is a beneficial contribution to the study of Slovene dialects and to Slavic and historical linguistics.
The monograph is the culmination of a summer seminar on Slovene dialectology at the University of Klagenfurt in 2010. It is in many ways a traditional approach to dialect description. The author is attempting, by means of a careful phonological description, to place this dialect within the Carinthian Slovene dialect continuum. This fresh dialect description is needed because much of the data from this area in the Slovene Linguistic Atlas is old, gathered between 1949 and 1969. Neweklowsky's
study differs from others of its kind in that it is relatively light on nominal and verbal morphology, usually a substantial part of such a work. The explanation for this difference is that Pronk's book on Egg and Potschach, a different but closely related micro-dialect in the Gailtal region, came out just after the completion of the seminar. Pronk made a very thorough study of morphology. Because the morphology of the sub-dialects of the Gailtal area does not differ significantly, a repetition of this material was not needed.
The first chapter is a short introduction to Slovene dialectology and an explanation of the place of Carinthian Slovene and especially the Gailtal region within the dialect picture. Chapters two and three provide basic statistical information on the area. There is a short but detailed discussion of the Slovene population, bilingualism and the percentage of the population claiming Slovene as their language of daily use. This provides the expected background of drastic decline over the past century. Some information regarding Slovene as part of the formal education system and in the Church is given here as well.
Chapters four and five are the heart of the phonological description of the dialect. The description is brief but careful. It focuses on the vocalic system. The author provides prose analysis of phonemic oppositions and phonetic peculiarities with several dialect forms provided to illustrate each point. Particular emphasis is given to tonemic oppositions, understandable given the author's previous work on accent and tone in Carinthian dialects. The tonemic oppositions of the dialect are depicted using spectrograms and graphs of the word-level tone contour. Throughout the description of the vocalic and accen-
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Ocene, zapiski, poročila - Reviews, Notes, Reports
tual system the author engages the work of other scholars, particularly Paulsen, Pronk, as well as the author's own earlier work on the subject.
The dialect description is followed by an interesting discussion of the historical development of the dialect area and the implications of the described data for the linguistic history of Slovene speech territory. Although the author discusses a range of topics from phonetics to morphology and syntax, the focus is on accentual developments. Here again the author engages the work of other scholars, notably Pronk, Ju-rgec and Greenberg. This is the most interesting part of the study. Newek-lowsky uses accentual and vocalic archaisms and innovations documented in his work and in the work of other scholars to clarify the boundaries of the Gailtal dialects. The author closes this section with a discussion of interesting and little-known lexical items. The final chapters include several transcribed dialect texts with German translations and some selections of poetry written in the dialect as well as a 63-page dictionary of dialect forms.
Neweklowsky's description and analysis of the Gailtal dialect is a timely contribution to Slovene dialectology and to Slavic historical linguistics. It adds new dialect material from an area with a disappearing Slovene-speaking population. It refreshes the data from this area available to the Slovene Linguistic Atlas, and it clarifies several internal dialect boundaries in Carinthian Slovene. It should be of interest to Slovene dialectologists as well as scholars working in Balto-Slavic accentology.
Grant H. Lundberg
Brigham Young University
grant_lundberg@byu.edu
Marko Jesenšek: Poglavja iz
zgodovine prekmurskega knjižnega jezika. Maribor: Filozofska fakulteta, Mednarodna založba Oddelka za slovanske jezike in književnosti (Zora; 90). 390 str.
(Znanstveni) preučevalci, govorci in ljubitelji prekmurskega (knjižnega) jezika smo hvaležni dočakali prvo znanstveno monografijo o prekmurskem knjižnem jeziku: Poglavja iz zgodovine prekmurskega knjižnega jezika, avtorja dr. Marka Jesenska. Monografija je izšla v letošnjem letu (2013) pri Mednarodni založbi Oddelka za slovanske jezike in književnosti Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Mariboru. To je že peta znanstvena monografija rednega profesorja dr. Marka Jesenška, zaposlenega na Oddelku za slovanske jezike in književnosti na Filozofski fakulteti Univerze v Mariboru.
Monografija Poglavja iz zgodovine prekmurskega knjižnega jezika je zrelo in skrbno načrtovano delo - posamezni deli monografije so nastajali v časovnem razdobju skoraj dvajsetih let. Poleg tega so prekmurski pisci in stari prekmurski knjižni jezik ves čas v središču znanstvenega raziskovanja dr. Marka Jesenška. Da gre za znanstveno izjemno poglobljeno delo, dokazuje kar 471 navedenih enot virov in literature.
V 390 strani obsežni monografiji je zbranih 25 samostojnih poglavij, ki so razporejena v pet vsebinskih sklopov oziroma razdelkov: I. Knjižne različice slovenskega jezika in jezikovno-zgodo-vinska dinamika prekmurskega jezika,
II.	Pogledi na prekmurski knjižni jezik,
III.	Prekmurski abecedniki in učbeniki,
IV.	Prekmurska publicistika in V. De-ležniško-deležijski skladi na -č in -Si v prekmurskem knjižnem jeziku. V monografiji so predstavljene najpomembnejše
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