Documenta Praehistorica XLII (2015)
New Neolithic cult centres and domestic settlements in the light of Urfa Region Surveys
Bahattin £elik
Department of Archaeology, University of Ardahan, Ardahan, TR bahattincelik@ardahan.edu.tr
ABSTRACT - The present study concerns Neolithic period cult centres and settlements discovered recently during surface surveys in the central district of Urfa (Sanliurfa) region in south-eastern Turkey. The presence of T-shaped pillars was ascertained at Ayanlar Hoyuk and Kurt Tepesi cult sites. Other settlements are domestic settlements arranged around cult centre settlements. Some sites belong to Pre Pottery Neolithic, and the others to Pottery Neolithic. They are believed to be coeval with Gobekli Tepe and Nevali fori cult sites.
IZVLEČEK - V študiji predstavljamo neolitska naselja in kultna središča, ki so bila nedavno odkrita med terenskimi pregledi v osrednjem delu regije Urfa (Sanliurfa) v jugovzhodni Turčiji. Tako imenovani T stebri so bili dokumentirani v kultnih središčih Ayanlar Hoyuk and Kurt Tepesi. Okoli središč so bila odkrita običajna naselja, nekatera datirana vpred-keramični, druga v keramični neoli-tik. Sočasna so s kultnima središčema Gobekli Tepe in Nevali fori.
KEY WORDS - Sanliurfa; Pottery and Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPN); cult buildings; round buildings; domestic buildings
Introduction
The important role played by the South-eastern Anatolia region in the emergence of precursor settlements and cult centres during the Pre-Pottery Neolithic Period is better comprehended every day as new settlements are discovered. The discovery of settlements such as Nevali ^ori (Hauptmann 19933769; 1999.66-86), Gobekli Tepe (Beile-Bohn et al. 1998.5-78; Schmidt 2001.45-54; 2002.8-13; 2007. 115-129), Sanliurfa-Yeni Mahalle ((elik 2000a.4-6; 2007.165-178; 2011a.139-164), Karahan Tepe ((elik 2000b.6-8; 2011b.241-253), Sefer Tepe ((e-lik 2006a.23-25; Guler et al. 2012.161-162, 168169), Hamzan Tepe ((elik 2004.3-5; 2006b.222-224; 2010.257-268), Ta§li Tepe ((elik et al. 2011. 225-236; Guler et al. 2013.292-293), inanli Tepesi (Guler et al. 2013.291-304), Kocanizam Tepesi (Guler et al. 2012.160, 167-168), Ba§aran Hoytik {Guler et al. 2012.158-159, 165-166) and Herzo Tepe (Guler et al. 2012.159-160, 166-167) as a result of surveys conducted in recent years particularly in the Urfa region constitutes the best evidence for this fact (Map 1).
It is believed that, at such settlements recently discovered in the Urfa region, especially the Neolithic societies adopted a predominantly hunter/gatherer way of life. Today, excavations of this period are being carried out only at Gobekli Tepe, Nevali Çori and Sanliurfa-Yeni Mahalle. Other settlements in the region with identical characteristics, such as Hamzan Tepe, Karahan Tepe, Sefer Tepe and Ta§li Tepe, have not been excavated yet. The common feature of such settlements is the presence of T-shaped pillars, like at Gobekli Tepe and Nevali Çori. Finds that are either similar or the successors to such pillars were also unearthed in the Adiyaman (Hauptmann 2000.5-9; 2012.13-22) and Gaziantep (Bulgan, (e-lik 2011.85-90; (elik 2005.28-29) regions located on the western banks of the Euphrates, proving that the phenomenon was even more widespread than previously thought.
Nineteen Neolithic sites were examined as a result of the studies conducted in the Urfa region, at Kurt Te-pesi, Guhera Abid Mevkii, Selamet Kuzey Mevkii, Se-
DOI> 10.4312\dp.42.17
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lamet Kuzey Hoyugu, gam-gak Tepesi, Terzi Village Bati Mevkii, Siluba Tepesi, Agagi Yazici Guney Mevkii, Minzilit F erig, Minzilit Hileyil, Minzilit i sa, Karakug Kuzeybati Mevkii, gillo Mevkii 1, gillo Mevkii 2, Domuzcurnu Tepesi, Nebi Tarlasi, Omer Altundag Tar-lasi, Hasan Sirti and Ayanlar Hoyuk, respectively. Among these sites, T-shaped pillars were discovered at Kurt Tepesi. At Ayanlar Hoyuk, on the other hand, a pedestal piece of what are thought to be T-shaped pillars and a lion head used for cult purposes have been unearthed. Based on these finds, Ayanlar Hoyuk is also thought to be a cult centre. Flintstone tools and ceramics with characteristics of the Neolithic have been found at other sites. Selamet Guhera Abid Mevkii is one of the interesting sites discovered, and is thought to be a large snare area designed for catching animals during this period.
Kurt Tepesi
The mound, known locally as Kuga Gur, is located 45km east of Sanliurfa province and 3km south of Sumakli village (Map 1.1) at 730m above sea level (a.s.l.). it is located on a hill dominating goban De-resi Bogazi (goban Creek Pass), which functions as a passageway between the Harran plain and the Vi-rangehir region (Fig. 1). it is a small mound established on a ridge formed by high calcareous plateaus, which is very poor in terms of soil. Several sacked tumuli from the Roman period were located around this mound, covering an area of approx. 1ha. The mound is distorted due to illegal excavations; moreover, a high voltage transmission line pole is located at the north end Small cavern groups and pools carved into the bedrock were found in the calcareous rocks surrounding the mound (Fig. 2). Negative traces of a T-shaped pillar are apparent at an illegal excavation pit in this area, which is thought to date to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic (Fig. 3). During the investigation conducted in the region, pillars which had been removed from their original site were discovered at Kosecik village, approx. 6km southeast of Kurt Tepesi (Fig. 4)1. Only flint and very scarce
Map 1. Map illustrating the Neolithic sites in Urfa province.
obsidian finds were unearthed at the settlement; the finds include scrapers and drills and flint arrowhead fragments (Pl. 1.a-h). Moreover, stone beads, and pestle parts made from basalt stone were also discovered.
Guhera Abid Mevkii
This site is located 48km east of Sanliurfa and 500m northwest of Selamet village (Map 1.2) at 700m a.s.l. Two large trap sites for hunting wild game were discovered here (Bar-Oz on-line), laid out on the eastern slope of a hill and extending to form a triangle starting from the hill towards the valley plain (Fig. 5). The trap site has walls made from large flagstones, which are irregular and form a triangle with angles of approximately 50°. There are no wall remnants at the short edge of this triangle extending down from the hill. A wall remnant in the form of a circle of approx. 5m in diameter is present at the end of both converging long edges. Flint blades and flakes were discovered during the research in this area. Guhera Abid locality, where the traps are located, is approx. 3.5km southeast of the Kurt Tepesi settlement.
Selamet Kuzey Mevkii
This site is located 48km east of Sanliurfa and 1 m north of Selamet village (Map 1.3). The settlement is on south-facing slope (Fig. 6) at 645m a.s.l., and covers approx. 0.5ha. Four tumuli were destroyed due to illegal excavations. Flint blades, flakes, and
1 The pillars were brought from Kuga Gura settlement by Huseyin and Sinan Eyyuboglu, who live in Kosecik village. (Private interview with Ibrahim Eyyuboglu, 20.10.2013.) The pillars are now in the Sanliurfa Museum.
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Byblos and Nemrik type arrowheads were discovered during research in this area (Pl. 1.i-l).
Selamet Kuzey Hoyugu
The mound, which is very small, extends over only approximately 0.2ha. It is located 1.5km north of Selamet village on a hill (Map 1.4) at 672m a.s.l. A remnant of a circular plan structure unearthed as a result of illegal excavations has been found here present (Fig. 7). Also, flint blades and flakes, as well as Babylos points and scrapers as fragments were discovered as a result of research. A Paleolithic open-air site was found 100m west of the settlement, where research yielded a Levallois core and points.
(amgak Tepesi
This site is located 1km south of Kusharabesi village and 61km east of Sanliurfa (Map 1.5), at 676m a.s.l. The site covers approx. 0.8ha. The settlement is situated on a calcareous hill (Fig. 8). Circular architectural remains were unearthed by illegal excavations (Fig. 9). Blades, flakes, waste products and some point fragments were discovered by researchers. This site is approx. 7km northwest of the Se-fer Tepe settlement.
Terzi Bati Mevkii
This site, approx.1ha in area, is on a south-facing slope, approx. 1km west of Terzi village and 63km east of Sanliurfa at 645m a.s.l. (Map 1.6). Research revealed that the settlement was inhabited during the Early Byzantine period, and the Chalcolithic and Neolithic period. Neolithic flint blades, flakes and point fragment were discovered at the site. This settlement site is approx. 6km northwest of Sefer Tepe.
Siluba Tepesi
This site is situated approx. 1.4km northeast of Yil-dizli village and 90km southeast of Sanliurfa, at 522m a.s.l. (Map 1.7). Lying between two hills, the site is covering an area of approx. 2ha. It has an earth embankment approximately 1m high. During research at this site, a sacked tumulus from the Roman period was discovered on the western hill. The surface survey revealed flint flakes, blades and unipolar cores (Pl. 1.m-r).
A§agi Yazici Guney Mevkii
This site, 1.2km southeast of A§agi Yazici village and 82km southeast of Sanliurfa (Map 1.8), is covering an area of approx. 0.6ha, and is located at 56 m a.s.l. The settlement is on a slightly inclined crater area between two calcareous hills (Fig. 10), surrounded
by calcareous hills to the north, east and south, with only the section facing west being open. During the survey of this area, small ponds carved into the calcareous rocks located east of the settlement were found; also, flint blades and flakes, some points and point fragments (Pl. 1.s-x), straw temper ceramics from the Pottery Neolithic period and ceramic fragments from later periods were discovered.
Minzilit Feri§
This site is approx. 1.6km west of Altintepe (Resmel-dehab) village, and located 77km southeast of §an-liurfa, situated at 612m a.s.l. (Map 1.9). The settlement is on a slightly inclined crater area between two calcareous hills and surrounded by calcareous hills to the north, east and west, with only the section facing south being open. The site is approximately 0.1ha in area. The earth embankment of the settlement varies in height between approx. 50cm and 1m. No architectural remains were discovered here, but the survey yielded ceramics from the Neolithic, late Chalcolithic, early Bronze and late Byzantine periods. Flint blades and flakes, some scraper fragments, and a very small amount of obsidian were also found (Pl. 2.a-f).
Minzilit Hileyil
This site is located approx. 1.3km west of Altintepe village, 77km southeast of Sanliurfa and at an altitude of 596m a.s.l. (Map 1.10). The site, covering approx. 0.5ha in area, is on a slightly inclined crater area between two calcareous hills (Fig. 11) and surrounded by calcareous hills to the north, east and west, with only the section facing south being open. No architectural remains were discovered at the settlement, as the area is currently in use as a field. The survey conducted here yielded ceramics from the Neolithic, late Chalcolithic, early Bronze, early Byzantine and Islamic periods. Moreover, flint blades, flakes, retouched blades, point fragments and scrapers were found (Pl. 2.g-j).
Minzilit isa
This site is situated approx. 1km west of Altintepe village and 77km southeast of Sanliurfa, at 611m a.s.l. (Map 1.11). The settlement is on a slightly inclined crater area between two calcareous hills (Fig. 12), surrounded by calcareous hills to the north, east and west, with the section facing south being open. The site covers an area of approx. 0.2ha. The earth embankment of the settlement varies in height between 1-2m. No architectural remains were discovered here, as the settlement area is currently in use as a field. As a result of the survey of this area, ce-
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Pl. 1. Finds from Kurt Tepesi (a-h), Selamet Kuzey Mevkii (i-l), Siluba Tepesi (m-r) and A§agt Yaztct Guney Mevkii (s-x).
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abcde	f	g	hi	j k 1
0 1 2 3 4 5cm	^^t^t^	MM
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ramics from the Neolithic, Chalcolithic and early Byzantium periods were discovered. Moreover, flint blades and flakes made, some point fragments, scrapers, drills and obsidian were discovered as small finds (Pl. 2.k-r).
Karakus Batt Mevkii
This site is located approx. 3km west of Karakug village and 70km southeast of Sanliurfa, at 539m a.s.l. (Map 1.12). Lying on the slope of a stream bed facing south, the settlement covers approx. 1.1ha (Fig. 13). A dry stream bed flowing east to west is located north of the settlement. No architectural remains were discovered here, as the settlement area is currently in use as a field. As a result of the survey in this area, ceramics from early Byzantine periods as well as flint blades, flakes, end scraper fragments were discovered (Pl. 2.s-x).
(illo Mevkii 1
This site is a hillside settlement located approx. 1km north of ^lrali village and 24km west of Sanliurfa, at 668m a.s.l. (Map 1.13). The settlement is covering an area of approx. 0.5ha (Fig. 14). No architectural remains were discovered, as the area is currently in use as a field. The survey yielded ceramics from the Early and Mid-Byzantium and Neolithic periods (Pl. 3.g-k) and a flint bifacial tool from the Middle Paleolithic as well as abundant amounts of blades and flakes, unipolar cores and scrapers (Pl. 3.a-f).
(illo Mevkii 2
This is a hillside settlement located approx. 1.5km north of ^lrali village and 24km west of Sanliurfa,
at approx. 658m a.s.l. (Map 1.14). The settlement is covering an area of approx. 0.5ha (Fig. 15). No architectural remains were discovered, as the settlement area is currently in use as a field. As a result of the survey, ceramics from the Early Byzantine and Neolithic periods (Pl. 3.p-t) were discovered. Flint blades and flakes and scrapers and point fragments were also unearthed (Pl. 3.l-o).
Domuzcurnu Tepesi
This site is located 3.5km southeast of Kizilburg village and 28km west of Sanliurfa, at 743m a.s.l. (Map 1.15). The settlement is covering an area of approx. 0.5ha (Fig. 16), lies on a low calcareous hill, and is surrounded by basalt deposits. It is a well-preserved site, with traces of some walls visible. As a result of the surveys, flint blades, flakes, unipolar core, core replacement fragments and hammer and some point fragments, scraper fragments, drills and blade with sheen were discovered dating back to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic (Pl. 3.u-z). A very small amount of obsidian blade and flake parts were also found.
Nebi Tarlast
This site is situated 2km southwest of Kizilburg village and 28km west of Sanliurfa, at approx. 699m a.s.l. (Map 1.16). The settlement is covering an area of approx. 0.8ha. No architectural remains were discovered, as the settlement area is currently in use as a field. The survey yielded straw temper ceramics from the Neolithic and flint blades and flakes and scrapers were also discovered (Pl. 4.a-d). Also the usual amount of obsidian blades and flakes was also discovered.
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New Neolithic cult centres and domestic settlements in the light of Urfa Region Surveys
Omer Altundag Tarlasi
This site is located 1km south of Kizilburg village and 28km west of Sanliurfa, at 701m a.s.l. (Map 1.17). The settlement is covering an area of approx. 0.1ha, on the slope of a calcareous hill; basalt deposits are available to the east. The settlement has been destroyed by agricultural activity. As a result of surveys, ceramics from the Neolithic and early Byzantium periods, and flint blades and flakes and core replacement fragments were discovered (Pl. 4.e-h).
Hasan Sirti
This site is located 1km north of Kizilburg village and 28km west of Sanliurfa (Map 1.18). The settlement is approx. 0.6ha in area at 752m a.s.l. (Fig. 17). The settlement is on the western slope of a calcareous hill; basalt deposits are available to the east. The settlement was destroyed by agricultural activity. As a result of the surveys, straw temper ceramics from the Neolithic period and Early Byzantine ceramics were discovered. Flint blade and flake fragments and scraper fragments were also discovered (Pl. 4.i-l); a basalt stone upper grinding stone was also found.
Ayanlar Hoyuk
This site is located underneath and to the north of Ayanlar (Hut) village, 30km west of Sanliurfa, at 733m a.s.l. (Map 1.19). It is covering an area of approx. 14ha (Fig. 18). The mound, which was destroyed by agricultural activity, is around 10m high. The village settlement is located on the southern section of the mound, which comprises five hills. Basalt deposits are available 2km to the east. The surveys revealed ceramics from the early and mid-Byzantine periods. Flint blades and flakes, unipolar and bipolar cores, core replacement fragments, scraper fragments, point fragments, hammer and rested blade fragments were discovered (Pls. 4.m-v, 5.a-b). Very small amounts of obsidian blade and flake parts were also revealed. Lower and upper basalt grindstones, stone bowl fragments, stone plate and pestles were among the other finds (Pl. 5.c-g). Limestone cubes and pedestal fragments from hollow stone, which we know were made for pillars (Fig. 19) were also discovered during surveys in the village. Also, small pole groups carved into the bedrock (Fig. 20), which are familiar from Gobekli Tepe (Beile-Bohn 1998. Abb. 20), Karahan Tepe ((elik 2011b.Fig. 5) and Hamzan Tepe ((elik 2004.Figs. 2-3; 2006b.Figs. 3-
Pl. 2. Minzilit Feris (a-f), Minzilit Hileyil (g-j), Minzilit Isa (k-r) and Karakus Bati Mevkii (s-x).
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u	v	w	x	y	z
0 1 2 3 4 5cm
Pl. 3. Flintstone finds from (illo Mevkii 1 (a-f), ceramic finds from (illo Mevkii 1 (g-k), flintstone finds from (illo Mevkii 2 (l-o), ceramic finds from (illo Mevkii 2 (p-t) and Domuzcurnu Tepesi (u-z).
4; 2010.Figs. 6-8) were also discovered around the settlement.
Assessment and conclusion
Circular building architecture was unearthed at Se-lamet Kuzey Hoyugu and gamgak Tepe amongst the recently discovered sites. The remains of circular buildings were observed at Herzo Tepe (Guler et al. 2012.Fig. 4), inanli Tepe (Guler et al. 2013. Fig. 8), Hamzan Tepe ((elik 2010.Figs. 3-4) and Sanliurfa-Yeni Mahalle ((elik 2000a.Fig. 3; 2007.162, Fig. 16; 2011a.142, Figs.14-16) during studies conducted in the region in previous years. Both T-shaped pillars and remains of circular buildings were encountered at Hamzan Tepe ((elik 2004.Fig. 4; 2006b. Fig. 5; 2010.Fig. 2.4). Likewise, a body piece of a T-shaped pillar as well as the remains of circular architectural buildings were also discovered at Yeni Mahalle ((elik 2014.20, Fig. 21). The number of examples of this architectural tradition, which also resembles the circular cult buildings from Layers ii and iii of Gobekli Tepe, is gradually rising every day as a result of surface surveys (Schmidt 2010. Fig. 2). Examples of such buildings should date to the early stages of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic period. Similar buildings were also encountered at settlements such as gayonu (Erim-Ozdogan 2011.191193, Fig. 6.9), Hallan gemi (Rosenberg 2011.61-63,
Figs. 2-6), Gusir Hoyuk (Karul 2011.2-4, Figs. 4-5. 11), Hasankeyf Hoyuk (Miyake 2013.40, 43, 46-47) and Kortik Tepe (Ozkaya, Co§kun 2011.90-93, Figs. 2-5).
The presence of T-shaped pillars is a feature common to the Gobekli Tepe, Nevali gori, Karahan Tepe, Sefer Tepe, Ta§li Tepe, Hamzan Tepe and Adiya-man Kiligik settlements. These pillars were also encountered at Kurt Tepesi. One of the pillars unearthed at Kurt Tepesi has necktie-shaped groove and chevron pattern relief (Fig. 21) that we recognise from Gobekli Tepe (Schmidt 2007.118, Fig. 11) and Nevali gori (Hauptmann 1993.51-53, Abb. 16). The chevron pattern on the pillar at Kurt Tepesi is distinct from the pattern on the pillars at Nevali gori, as this pattern has a single strip. However, this pattern is similar to the single-strip pattern on pillar 18 at the centre of building D in Gobekli Tepe (Schmidt 2010.Fig. 8). in particular, the T-shaped pillars unearthed at Kurt Tepesi have several characteristics in common with Layer ii of Gobekli Tepe and the cult building at Nevali gori. Due to such similarities, Kurt Tepesi should be dated to the late PPPA and early PPNB.
Located approx. 10-15km southeast of Karahan Tepe, the Minzilit isa, Minzilit Feri§, Minzilit Hileyil and A§agi Yazici Guney Mevkii settlements present, due to their location, characteristics distinct from the
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Pl. 4. Nebi Tarlasi (a-d), Omer Altundag Tarlasi (e-h), Hasan Sirti (i-l), Ayanlar Hoyuk (m-v).
Neolithic settlements. The common feature of these settlements is that they are generally found on the southern slope of a rocky plateau and that they were inhabited in all periods. No architectural elements were encountered, as agricultural activities are being conducted on the land where the settlements are located. The fact that such small-scale settlements are located in the vicinity of Karahan Tepe, and that such settlements contain no cult finds suggest they might have been domestic settlements affiliated with Karahan Tepe cult centre.
Studies are being conducted at an area located ap-prox. 25km west of Sanliurfa city centre in order to understand the discovery site of two artefacts from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic brought to Sanliurfa Museum in 2013 (Ercan, Qelik 2013.Figs. 1a-d, 3a-d). The studies conducted revealed that Ayanlar Hoyuk extends over an area of approx. I4ha. As a result of the research, the settlement was identified as a settlement inhabited during the Pre-Pottery Neolithic.
Furthermore, seven additional satellite settlements thought to be affiliated to this settlement were also discovered during the surface survey carried out south of the Ayanlar Hoyuk. Domuzcurnu Tepesi, Nebi Tarlasi, Omer Altundag Tarlasi, Hasan Sirti, ^il-lo Mevkii 1 and Qillo Mevkii 2 settlements, located at distances varying from 2-7km from Ayanlar Ho-yuk. Finds from both the Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic were unearthed at these settlements. These settlements are arranged in the form of a large settlement site at the centre with smaller domestic settlements arranged around it, as at Karahan Tepe and Kurt Tepesi.
Guhera Abid Mevkii was probably used for mass hunting and snaring of wild animals. The site is located approx. 3km southeast of the Selamet Kuzey Mevkii, Selamet Kuzey Hoyugu and Kurt Tepesi settlements. This large snare area, the largest encountered in the region so far, lies in a pass that separates the Harran Plain and Virangehir plain. This site
Pl. 5. Finds from Ayanlar Hoyuk (a-g).
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Bahattin t^elik
was most probably used for hunting antelope during the Neolithic period.
The Çamçak Tepesi and Terzi village Bati Mevkii Neolithic settlements are located approx. 7km northwest of the Sefer Tepe site. These settlements were also probably domestic settlements of Sefer Tepe, like the Kocanizam, Ba§aran Hoyuk, Herzo Tepesi and inanli Tepesi settlements.
The Kurt Tepesi site has T-shaped pillars. An interesting fact is that this settlement is located at equal distances from both Karahan Tepe and Ta§li Tepe. Karahan Tepe, Ta§li Tepe and Kurt Tepesi are aligned in a north-south direction, with 15km distance between the settlements. Another common aspect of these settlements, which are not yet excavated, is that probably all three were constructed only for cult purposes.
The studies conducted indicate that the number of settlements in the region from the Neolithic period is considerable. Moreover, the finds unearthed from several settlements not only represent the Pre-Pot-tery Neolithic but also the Pottery Neolithic period. The surface surveys revealed new cult buildings and domestic settlements that we believe were affiliated with such cult buildings. Research will continue in the future around the previously discovered cult buildings.
-ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS-
I would like to acknowledge the contributions of Türk Tarih Kurumu Baskanligi Ahmet E$ref Fakibaba, former mayor of Sanliurfa Metropolitan Municipality, Mehmet Ekinci, Iffet Özgönül from Peten Tourism and Advertisement, and Ardahan University Scientific Research Project No 2014/1.
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2012. Ein frühneolithisches Kultbild aus Kommagene. In J. Wagner (ed.), Gottkönige am Euphrat: Neue Ausgrabungen und Forschungen in Kommagene. Verlag Philipp von Zabern. Darmstadt/Mainz:13-22.
Karul N. 2011. Gusir Höyük. In M. Özdogan, N. Basgelen and P. Kuniholm (eds.), The Neolithic in Turkey, New Excavation and New Research, The Tigris Basin. Archaeology and Art Publications. Istanbul: 1-17.
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Bahattin t^elik

Fig. 1. View of Kurt Tepesi settlement from the south.
Fig. 3. The site where T-shaped pillars were unearthed due to illegal excavations at Kurt Tepesi.
Fig. 2. A pool chiseled to the bed rock at Kurt Tepesi.
Fig. 4. T-shaped pillars excavated from Kurt Te-pesi.
362
New Neolithic cult centres and domestic settlements in the light of Urfa Region Surveys

Fig. 8. View of Ku§harabesi village Qamgak Tepe from the north.
Fig. 7. Remains of a circular building at Selamet village, northern mound.
Fig. 9. Remains of a circular building at Qamgak Tepe.
Fig. 11. View of Minzilit Hileyil from the west.
Fig. 10. View of A§agt Yazici Güney Mevkii from the north.
Fig. 12. View of Minzilit Isa from the southwest. Fig. 13. View ofKarakus village Bati Mevkii from
the south.
363
Bahattin t^elik
Fig. 14. View of (trail village (illo Mevkii 1 from the south.
Fig. 16. View of Domuzcurnu Tepesi from the north.
Fig. 18. General view of Ayanlar Höyük from the north.
Fig. 20. Cut-put groups from Ayanlar Hoyuk, which are used for pool construction technique.
Fig. 15. View of (irali village (illo Mevkii 2 from the north.
Fig. 17. View of Hasan Sirti from the south.
Fig. 19. Pillar pedestal piece with hollow center discovered from Ayanlar Hoyuk.
Fig. 21. Pillar with chevron pattern and necktie shaped groove from Kurt Tepesi.
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