C. OZAY et al.: APPLICATION OF THE TAGUCHI METHOD TO SELECT THE OPTIMUM CUTTING ...
81–87
APPLICATION OF THE TAGUCHI METHOD TO SELECT THE
OPTIMUM CUTTING PARAMETERS FOR TANGENTIAL
CYLINDRICAL GRINDING OF AISI D3 TOOL STEEL
UPORABA TAGUCHI METODE ZA IZBIRO OPTIMALNIH
PARAMETROV ODREZAVANJA PRI TANGENCIALNEM
CILINDRI^NEM BRU[ENJU ORODNEGA JEKLA AISI D3
Cetin Ozay1, Hasan Ballikaya2, Vedat Savas1
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Firat, 23119 Elazig, Turkey
2Ortakoy Vocational High School, University of Aksaray, Aksaray, Turkey
cozay@firat.edu.tr, hballikaya@aksaray.edu.tr, vsavas@firat.edu.tr
Prejem rokopisa – received: 2014-12-06; sprejem za objavo – accepted for publication: 2015-02-10
doi:10.17222/mit.2014.293
The purpose of this research was an analysis of the optimum cutting conditions for the lowest surface roughness in tangential
cylindrical grinding of the AISI D3 tool steel using the Taguchi method. In this experimental investigation, the surface
roughness with various wheel speeds, workpiece speeds, feed rates and depths was observed. The surface roughness was
investigated employing the Taguchi design of experiments and an analysis of variance (ANOVA). Significant machining
parameters were identified using the signal-to-noise ratio. The results of the experiments indicate that the wheel speed and feed
rate have dominating effects on the surface roughness during the cutting. The developed new grinding process can be used in the
machining industries in order to determine the optimum cutting parameters for the minimum surface roughness.
Keywords: tangential cylindrical grinding, Taguchi method, surface roughness, ANOVA
^lanek predstavlja analizo optimalnih pogojev rezanja s Taguchi metodo, za doseganje najmanj{e hrapavosti pri tangencialnem
cilindri~nem bru{enju orodnega jekla AISI D3. Pri teh eksperimentih je bila opazovana hrapavost povr{ine pri razli~nih hitrostih
kolesa, razli~nih hitrostih obdelovanca ter razli~nih hitrostih in globinah podajanja. Povr{inska hrapavost je bila preiskovana z
uporabo Taguchi-jeve postavitve preizkusov in analize variance (ANOVA). Pomembni parametri obdelave so bili identificirani z
uporabo razmerja signal – hrup. Rezultati eksperimentov ka`ejo, da imata hitrost kolesa in hitrost podajanja prevladujo~o vlogo
pri hrapavosti povr{ine in parametrih rezanja. Razvoj novega postopka bru{enja se lahko uporabi v strojni industriji za dolo~anje
optimalnih pogojev rezanja pri minimalni hrapavosti povr{ine.
Klju~ne besede: tangencialno cilindri~no bru{enje, Taguchi metoda, hrapavost povr{ine, ANOVA
1 INTRODUCTION
Recently, increased production quality, a reduction in
the process time, an improvement in dimensional accu-
racy and improved workplace-safety conditions have
been studied with respect to the development of produc-
tion methods. The Taguchi method and ANOVA analysis
used for determining the optimum values reduce the
number of experimental studies while providing more
accurate results.
1.1 Grinding
Grinding is a finishing process used to improve the
surface finish and the abrasive materials and tighten the
tolerance on flat and cylindrical surfaces by removing a
small amount of the material. Grinding is an essential
process for the final machining of the components re-
quiring smooth surfaces and precise tolerances.
Grinding methods vary depending on the cutting tool
and the shape, the location and the movement of the
workpiece. The cylindrical grinding method is one of
these methods. The cylindrical grinding method is a final
machining method, often used for processing interior and
exterior surfaces of cylindrical workpieces. This method
increases the surface quality of the workpieces and pro-
vides the required measurement and tolerance. More-
over, grinding is a method, which has a significant effect
on the corrosion rate, the fracture strength, the abrasion
and the magnetic features of a workpiece.
Large-diameter grinding wheels are used as the
cutting tools for the cylindrical grinding method. They
are composed of a grinding wheel, abrasive particles and
sealants that join them together. Some problems occur
while fixing these cutting tools to the bench and during
their operation because of the errors that occurred during
the manufacturing of these tools and because they are of
large dimensions. The wheel is not balanced since hard
particles were not homogeneously dispersed during the
manufacturing of the wheel. An unbalanced wheel in-
creases the centrifugal force while turning and cannot
reach high speeds; the vibration increases, the surface
quality deteriorates and the explosion risk of the wheel
increases since the contact of the wheel with the work-
piece is imbalanced. Such problems affect the manufac-
turing and manufacturer adversely.
Materiali in tehnologije / Materials and technology 50 (2016) 1, 81–87 81
UDK 621.923:519.233.4:620.179.11 ISSN 1580-2949
Original scientific article/Izvirni znanstveni ~lanek MTAEC9, 50(1)81(2016)
The grinding process has an important place in
highly delicate procedures performed during the manu-
facturing of the molds used in the molding sector. Some
studies of the cylindrical grinding method have been
conducted recently.
Cylindrical grinding is used to grind the external or
internal diameter of a rigidly supported and rotating
workpiece. Although the term cylindrical grinding may
also be applied to centerless grinding, it generally refers
to a workpiece that is ground in a chuck or between the
supporting centers. Cylindrical grinders can be used to
grind all types of hard or soft workpieces to a high
degree of accuracy and very fine surface finishes1.
Over the years, researchers focused on improving the
performance of machining operations with the aim of
minimizing the costs and improving the quality of manu-
factured products2. Hassui and Diniz3 studied the effects
of grinding parameters on the surface roughness and
vibration and investigated the relation between the
vibration and the surface roughness during the grinding
of the AISI 52100 steel. Kwak4 stated that the geometric
errors occurring during the grinding process were due to
the rigidity of the grinding system and thermal effects.
He also indicated that an accurate determination of the
grinding parameters is of great importance for the reduc-
tion of such errors. During the cylindrical grinding of
Al/SiC-metal-matrix composites, Thiagarajan et al.5 stu-
died the effects of the grinding parameters on the grind-
ing force, the surface roughness and the heat that
emerges during the grinding. Fan and Miller6 developed
a force model for grinding with segmental wheels. Both
experimental and analytical results showed the average
grinding force of the wheels in comparison with the con-
ventional wheels. Larger spaces between the segments
further reduce the average force and increase the surface
roughness and peak force.
Hecker and Liang7 theoretically examined the rela-
tionship between the thickness of a chip that was unde-
formed in the cylindrical grinding process and the
arithmetic surface roughness. They tried to verify this
relation experimentally using the cylindrical grinding
method. Gavas et al.8 machined four different materials
using the helical scan-grinding (HSG) method. They
investigated the effects of the cutting parameters on the
surface roughness and roundness. They stated that the
helical scan-grinding method decreased the surface
roughness in comparison with the conventional cylindri-
cal grinding method. Go³¹bczak and Koziarski9 investi-
gated the cutting capabilities of CBN grinding wheels in
the grinding process. They studied the components of
grinding forces, the surface roughness and the stresses
on the surface layer.
A cylindrical grinder is a type of a grinding machine
used to shape the outside of an object. The cylindrical
grinder can work on a variety of shapes. However, the
object must have the central axis of the rotation. This in-
cludes but is not limited to the shapes such as a cylinder,
an ellipse, a cam or a crankshaft10. Agarwal and Ven-
kateswara Rao11 investigated the relation between the
chip thickness and the surface roughness in the grinding
of ceramic materials. Nguyen and Zhang12 investigated
the performance of a new, segmented, grinding-wheel
system using the surface integrity of ground components
as a criterion. The experimental results showed that the
segmented grinding wheel had some obvious advantages
in comparison with the standard wheel.
Rodrigo et al.13 studied the effects of tangential
cutting forces on the surface roughness in the grinding
process using cutting fluids flowing at different flow
rates. Koshy et al.14 used the centerless-grinding-process-
ing method by positioning the workpiece tangentially to
the grinding wheel. They stated that this method creates
a better surface finish than the conventional methods.
Upon the literature review, it is observed that the
studies are mostly focused on the effects of the cutting
parameters on the surface quality. It is determined that
there is a limited number of the studies conducted on the
selection of cutting tools or the location and movements
of cutting tools and workpieces with respect to each
other. A new approach to the cylindrical grinding method
is introduced in this study. Within this new method,
called the tangential cylindrical grinding, the outer sur-
face of a cylindrical workpiece is in a tangential contact
with the cutting tool and the axes of the cutting tool and
the workpiece are made to be tangent to each other
(Figure 1). This method allows us to use small grinding
wheels instead of the grinding wheels with large diame-
ters used with the conventional grinding. Moreover, the
C. OZAY et al.: APPLICATION OF THE TAGUCHI METHOD TO SELECT THE OPTIMUM CUTTING ...
82 Materiali in tehnologije / Materials and technology 50 (2016) 1, 81–87
Figure 1: Position of the contact between the grinding wheel and
workpiece
Slika 1: Polo`aj stika med brusnim kolesom in obdelovancem
negative effects that may occur during the grinding with
the wheels with large diameters are eliminated.
1.2 Taguchi method and ANOVA
The Taguchi experimental-design method minimizes
the number of experiments, enabling experimental stu-
dies to be conducted in a shorter and easier way. This
method was first introduced by Genichi Taguchi, a Japa-
nese engineer. This method reduces the number of expe-
riments that would otherwise last for a long time and
have high costs15.
Analysis of variance is the predominant statistical
method used to interpret experimental data and make the
necessary decisions on whether this method is the most
objective one. The column effect is used by Taguchi as a
simplified ANOVA to subjectively identify the columns
that have large influences on the response15. The aim of
the analysis of variance is to evaluate the significance of
the cutting parameters on the surface roughness for this
paper. It gives a clear picture of how much the cutting
parameters affect the response and the level of signifi-
cance of the factor considered. Statistically, there is a
tool called an F test allowing us to see which design
parameter has a significant effect on the quality charac-
teristic. Usually, when F > 4, it means that the change in
the design parameter has a significant effect on the
quality characteristic16.
Chang and Kuo17 machined aluminium-oxide cera-
mics with laser machining using the Taguchi experimen-
tal-design method. They investigated the effects of the
cutting parameters on the surface roughness and machin-
ing ratio in the experimental studies they conducted.
Prabhu and Vinayagam18 used SAE20W40 nanocarbon-
reinforced oil in the machining of the AISI D3 tool steel
with the grinding method. They used the Taguchi experi-
mental-design method in planning and evaluating their
experimental studies. Kwak and Kim19 investigated the
effects of machining parameters on the geometric errors
that appear on the surface, during the surface grinding,
using the Taguchi and surface-response methods. They
also developed a secondary surface-response model for a
prior detection of any geometric error. Nalbant et al.20
used the Taguchi method to find the optimum cutting
parameters for the surface roughness in turning. They
provided experimental results to illustrate the effective-
ness of this approach.
Gür21 alloyed the surface of medium-carbon steel
using the PTA method and he investigated the wear
resistance of this alloyed coating layer via the Taguchi
method. He used the Taguchi design according to the L18
orthogonal array and experimentally evaluated the
factors affecting the wear of the coating layer. The
preparation of experimental study plans and an easy
interpretation of the conducted experimental studies are
the primary advantages of the Taguchi experimental-
design method. An experimental study plan is formed
following the determination of the relevant parameters to
be used and their related levels and the selection of the
orthogonal arrays appropriate for their levels of freedom.
It is then converted into the performance characteristic
called the S/N (signal/noise) ratio for the interpretation of
such experimental studies. The most commonly used
performance characteristics are the smallest the best, the
biggest the best and the nominal the best characteristics.
The largest S/N ratio represents the value of a parameter
for the optimum level15.
2 EXPERIMENTAL WORK
2.1 Experimental set-up and measurements
A VMC-850 Johnford vertical, processing, centered
workbench was used for designing the experimental
set-up of the tangential cylindrical grinding as a new
method. The flowchart for the optimization of the cutting
parameters in the tangential cylindrical grinding process
is shown in Figure 2.
The set-up mechanism shown in Figure 3 was in-
stalled for the workpiece to rotate around its own axis at
desired rotation rates in the experimental set-up. A
Micromaster 400 inverter was used for rotational adjust-
ments. Furthermore, a grinding wheel used as the cutting
tool could be easily installed on or demounted from a
milling machine, acting as a milling tool. For the work-
piece’s rotation with no backlash, the workpiece was
supported with the center on the other side.
Rotational adjustments were calibrated with an Ex-
tech Instruments 461880 tachometer and a vibration-
C. OZAY et al.: APPLICATION OF THE TAGUCHI METHOD TO SELECT THE OPTIMUM CUTTING ...
Materiali in tehnologije / Materials and technology 50 (2016) 1, 81–87 83
Figure 2: Flowchart for optimizing the cutting parameters in tangen-
tial cylindrical grinding process
Slika 2: Potek optimizacije parametrov rezanja pri postopku tangen-
cialnega cilindri~nega bru{enja
measuring device. The parallelism adjustment of the
workpiece was checked by means of a comparator.
Ø20 × 60 mm AISI D3 tool steel was cut using a saw
to conduct tangential cylindrical grinding experiments.
The length of the workpiece was determined as per L =
2D ratio, where L is the length and D is the diameter of
the workpiece. A center hole was opened on one side in
order to enable the workpiece to be supported by the
center. The machining was conducted by making the
grinding wheel turn around its own axis, while being
positioned tangentially to the workpiece’s axis and with
the feed motion providing the depth of cut.
The AISI D3 tool steel is used for manufacturing
mold plates, powder-metallurgy tools, cold extrusion,
punch dies, ceramic forming dies and cold punches. A
45s SIOUX 2145GP grinding wheel with a grain size of
100 μm and a diameter of R = 44 mm was used to
conduct the tangential cylindrical grinding experiments.
The average surface-roughness values of the parts
machined with the tangential cylindrical grinding me-
thod were measured using Mitutoyo Surftest S-J210. The
surface-roughness measurements were taken along the
cylindrical workpiece’s axis and in the direction of the
feed rate. The measurements were taken from four
different points of the machined surfaces and the average
of the measurements was calculated.
2.2 Experimental study
L18 orthogonal arrays were used in the machining of
the AISI D3 tool steel with the tangential cylindrical
grinding method in this experimental study. The number
of experiments and usage levels of the parameters were
specified on the Taguchi toolbar of the Minitab 15 soft-
ware program. Because of conducting these experiments,
the surface-roughness values obtained from the surface
of the relevant workpiece were converted into the S/N
ratio in the Minitab 15 software program. The following
criteria were taken into consideration when determining
the levels of the parameters used in the experimental stu-
dies:
• The levels of the depth of cut are generally deter-
mined as the depth of cut left for the grinding process
and the values above this value.
• Relevant values were obtained from the tables
according to the number of rotations of the grinding
wheel, the number of rotations of the workpiece, the
material features of the materials to be machined and
the cutting tools to be used and the features of the
workbench.
• The smallest feed rate of the workbench that was
used for determining the parameters of the axial feed
speed and higher feed rates were taken into conside-
ration. Table 1 illustrates the parameters and the
related levels to be used in the experiments.
Table 1: Machining parameters
Tabela 1: Parametri obdelave
Cutting parameters Unit Symbol
Levels
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Depth of cut mm A 0.005 0.01 -
Wheel speed min–1 B 1000 1500 2000
Workpiece speed min–1 C 220 320 420
Table feed rate mm/min D 3.2 7.9 12.6
Considering the freedom degrees of these parameters,
it was determined that the use of the L18 orthogonal array
was appropriate. Table 2 illustrates the L18 orthogonal
array used in the experimental studies.
Table 2: L18 orthogonal array for the experiments
Tabela 2: L18 ortogonalna namestitev preizkusov
Trial
No
Levels of parameters
Depth of
cut (mm)
Wheel speed
(min–1)
Workpiece
speed (min–1)
Table feed rate
(mm/min)
1 0.005 1000 220 3.2
2 0.005 1000 320 7.9
3 0.005 1000 420 12.6
4 0.005 1500 220 3.2
5 0.005 1500 320 7.9
6 0.005 1500 420 12.6
7 0.005 2000 220 7.9
8 0.005 2000 320 12.6
9 0.005 2000 420 3.2
10 0.01 1000 220 12.6
11 0.01 1000 320 3.2
12 0.01 1000 420 7.9
13 0.01 1500 220 7.9
14 0.01 1500 320 12.6
15 0.01 1500 420 3.2
16 0.01 2000 220 12.6
17 0.01 2000 320 3.2
18 0.01 2000 420 7.9
3 RESULTS
Table 3 illustrates the results obtained from the pro-
cessing of the AISI D3 tool steel, performed with the
Taguchi test-design method, and the corresponding S/N
C. OZAY et al.: APPLICATION OF THE TAGUCHI METHOD TO SELECT THE OPTIMUM CUTTING ...
84 Materiali in tehnologije / Materials and technology 50 (2016) 1, 81–87
Figure 3: Tangential cylindrical grinding set-up mechanism
Slika 3: Postavitev mehanizma tangencialnega cilindri~nega bru{enja
ratio values. The average surface roughness and the
cutting parameters are present in Figures 4 to 6.
Examining Table 3 and Figures 4 and 6, it is ob-
served that the surface roughness increases with the
increase in the workpiece speed. During the grinding
process, the workpiece speed is selected according to the
grinding wheel and the characteristics of the workpiece
material. Besides, there must be a proper ratio between
the workpiece and the grinding-wheel speeds. In this
study, it is found that as the workpiece speed increases,
this ratio diverges from its proper value, the dynamic
hardness of the grinding wheel decreases and the surface
quality is reduced due to irregular abrasion. Examining
Table 3 and Figures 4 and 5, it is observed that the
surface roughness decreases while the grinding-wheel
speed increases. Since the amount of the chips that each
cutting wheel removes decreases with the increase in the
grinding-wheel speed, it can be asserted that the ma-
chining force per wheel decreases and the vibration is
reduced correspondingly. In consequence, it is obvious
from the results that the surface quality is good.
Table 3: Experimental results obtained from the studies of the average
surface roughness and S/N ratio
Tabela 3: Rezultati, dobljeni iz {tudija povpre~ne hrapavosti povr{ine
in razmerja S/N
Trial
No
Levels of parameters
Surface
roughness
(Ra)
(μm)
S/N
ratio
Depth
of cut
(mm)
Wheel
speed
(min–1)
Work-
piece
speed
(min–1)
Table feed
rate
(mm/min)
1 0.005 1000 220 3.2 0.37 8.635
2 0.005 1000 320 7.9 0.46 6.744
3 0.005 1000 420 12.6 0.59 4.582
4 0.005 1500 220 3.2 0.34 9.370
5 0.005 1500 320 7.9 0.42 7.535
6 0.005 1500 420 12.6 0.55 5.192
7 0.005 2000 220 7.9 0.35 9.118
8 0.005 2000 320 12.6 0.43 7.330
9 0.005 2000 420 3.2 0.36 8.873
10 0.01 1000 220 12.6 0.56 5.036
11 0.01 1000 320 3.2 0.46 6.744
12 0.01 1000 420 7.9 0.52 5.679
13 0.01 1500 220 7.9 0.41 7.744
14 0.01 1500 320 12.6 0.54 5.352
15 0.01 1500 420 3.2 0.41 7.744
16 0.01 2000 220 12.6 0.48 6.375
17 0.01 2000 320 3.2 0.39 8.178
18 0.01 2000 420 7.9 0.44 7.130
When Table 3 and Figures 4 to 6 are examined, it is
seen that the surface roughness increases with the
increase in the depth of cut and the feed rate.
The surface roughness generally increases as the feed
rate increases. It can be concluded that with the increase
in the depth of cut and feed rate, the cutting forces and,
accordingly, the vibration increase during the processing
of the AISI D3 tool steel with the tangential cylindrical
grinding method. In addition, with the increasing vibra-
tion, the surface roughness increases during the machin-
ing process. In a study conducted by Demir it is stated
C. OZAY et al.: APPLICATION OF THE TAGUCHI METHOD TO SELECT THE OPTIMUM CUTTING ...
Materiali in tehnologije / Materials and technology 50 (2016) 1, 81–87 85
Figure 5: Effect of parameters "grinding-wheel speed" and "table feed
rate" on the average surface roughness in machining of AISI D3 tool
steel
Slika 5: Vpliv parametrov "hitrost brusilnega kolesa" in "hitrost poda-
janja mize" na povpre~no hrapavost in obdelavnost orodnega jekla
AISI D3
Figure 4: Effect of processing parameters on the average surface
roughness of AISI D3 tool steel
Slika 4: Vpliv procesnih parametrov na povpre~no hrapavost povr{ine
orodnega jekla AISI D3
Figure 6: Effect of parameters "workpiece speed" and "depth of cut"
on the average surface roughness in machining of AISI D3 tool steel
Slika 6: Vpliv parametrov "hitrost obdelovanca" in "globina reza" na
povpre~no hrapavost povr{ine pri obdelavi orodnega jekla AISI D3
that the cutting section and the grinding force increase
because of the increase in the depth of cut, and thus, the
abrasion rate of the wheel and the average surface rough-
ness increase22,23.
Table 4 illustrates the S/N ratios, which correspond
with the surface-roughness rates obtained according to
the parameter levels during the processing of the AISI
D3 tool-steel material. In this table, the optimum levels
of the processing parameters are shown with (a).
Table 4: Effect of the factors at each level on the surface roughness in
the machining of AISI D3 tool steel (S/N ratio)
Tabela 4: Vpliv faktorjev na vsakem nivoju na hrapavost povr{ine pri
obdelavi orodnega jekla AISI D3 (S/N razmerje)
Cutting Parameters Symbol
Average S/N rate (dB)
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Depth of cut A 7.49 a 6.67 –
Wheel speed B 6.24 7.16 7.83a
Workpiece speed C 7.71a 6.98 6.53
Table feed rate D 8.26 a 7.33 5.64
When the results were examined, it was determined
that the A1, B3, C1 and D1 levels indicated the optimum
parameters in the evaluation of the effects of the cutting
parameters on the average surface roughness.
In conclusion, it is evidently seen in the experimental
studies conducted that the cutting parameters lead to
results that are similar to those for the external surface
obtained in the cylindrical grinding process with the
tangential cylindrical grinding method. The study allows
the grinding wheels with a smaller diameter to be used in
conventional cylindrical grinding instead of the grinding
wheels with a large diameter. In addition, the problems
that may occur when fixing and using the grinding
wheels with a large diameter are minimized. Moreover, it
is possible to perform the grinding process on a turning/
milling machine.
In this paper, the aim of the analysis of variance is to
evaluate the effects of the cutting parameters on the
average surface roughness. The analysis clearly shows
how much the cutting parameters affect the response and
the level of significance of the factor considered. Table 5
shows the results of ANOVA for the average surface
roughness. It can be seen from this table that the table
feed rate and the wheel speed are the most significant
cutting parameters affecting the surface roughness.
Therefore, based on the S/N and ANOVA analyses, the
optimum cutting parameters are the depth of cut at level
1, the wheel speed at level 3, the workpiece speed at
level 1 and the feed rate at level 1. However, the most
significant cutting parameter contributing the most to the
quality characteristic, i.e., the average surface roughness
is the table feed rate (56.27 %). The error rate of 4.56 %
was found with the ANOVA.
Table 5: ANOVA analysis of the average surface roughness obtained
during the processing of AISI D3 tool steel
Tabela 5: Analiza ANOVA povpre~ne hrapavosti povr{ine, dobljene
pri obdelavi orodnega jekla AISI D3
Cutting
parameters
Degree
of
freedom
Sum of
square Variance F ratio
Contri-
bution
(% )
Depth of cut
(mm) 1 3.041 3.041 30.586 7.940
Wheel speed
(min–1) 2 7.711 3.855 38.780 20.279
Workpiece
speed (min–1) 2 4.253 2.126 21.393 10.946
Table feed rate
(mm/min) 2 21.044 10.522 105.830 56.270
Error 10 0.994 0.099 – 4.562
Total 37.044 – – –
4 CONCLUSIONS
In this study, the AISI D3 tool steel was machined
with tangential cylindrical grinding introduced as a new
method. Using the variance analysis (ANOVA), the
effects of different parameter levels on the average
surface roughness were analyzed. The experimental stu-
dies were evaluated using the Taguchi experimental
design method and ANOVA; the following results were
obtained:
• It was determined that the average surface roughness
increases with the increase in the workpiece speed
during the processing of the AISI D3 tool-steel
material with the tangential grinding method. It was
observed that the best value of the average surface
roughness was obtained at the first level.
• It was observed that the average surface-roughness
rate increases with the increase in the depth of cut
and the axial-feed rate during the processing of the
AISI D3 tool-steel material. The most appropriate
levels were the first levels.
• It was observed that the average surface roughness
decreases with the increase in the grinding-wheel
speed during the processing of the AISI D3 tool-steel
material.
• The ANOVA results for all the cutting parameters
affecting the average surface roughness showed that
the configuration analysis has a certain effect.
• Using the Taguchi method and the S/N rate, para-
meter levels A1, B3, C1, D1 were used to obtain the
optimum average surface roughness.
• The tangential cylindrical grinding process as a new
method enabled us to use the grinding wheels with
smaller diameters compared to the diameter of the
grinding wheels used in conventional cylindrical
grinding and the obtained surface quality was similar
to the quality of fine grinding.
C. OZAY et al.: APPLICATION OF THE TAGUCHI METHOD TO SELECT THE OPTIMUM CUTTING ...
86 Materiali in tehnologije / Materials and technology 50 (2016) 1, 81–87
Acknowledgement
The authors would like to acknowledge the Firat
University, Turkey, for the financial support (Project No.
FUBAP-TEF.11.06).
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C. OZAY et al.: APPLICATION OF THE TAGUCHI METHOD TO SELECT THE OPTIMUM CUTTING ...
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