International Journal of Management, Knowledge and Learning, 3(1), 59–77
Insafing: New Promising Form
of Intellectual Communication
Yury P. Dus
Omsk F. M. Dostoevsky State University, Russia
Dmitry Y. Pominov
Omsk City Mass Media, Russia
Vladimir I. Razumov
Omsk F. M. Dostoevsky State University, Russia
Leonid I. Ryzhenko
Siberian Academy of Motor Transport and Road Construction, Russia
Victor P. Sizikov
Omsk State Transport University, Russia
Vasily G. Tsoy
Institute of Strategic Project Development, Russia
The article explores a new form of intellectual communication built in accor-
dance with an in-advance-prepared sense scheme. This type of communica-
tion utilizes the elements of Activity Organizing Games called Insafing. The
article suggests a retrospective review of the scientific researches, particu-
larly, the researches of the Russian scientific schools that served as the basis
for Insafing technology development. Furthermore, the scientific and method-
ological fundamentals of Insafing based on the Theory of Dynamic Information
Systems (TDIS) and the methods of cognitive engineering are discussed. The
article also provides an example of Insafing application to tourism industry
development in an urban area.
Keywords: Insafing; communication; intellectual communication; Theory of Dy-
namic Information Systems (TDIS); cognitive engineering; Activity Organizing
Game (AOG); scheme techniques; knowledge management
Introduction
We remain to be the heirs of the intellectual tradition formed in the classical
antiquity. In Plato’s dialogues, the main character, Socrates, demonstrates
his communication skills that can be described as the following: (1) The
interlocutor is suggested to discuss a topic, e.g. ‘what is beauty;’ (2) A
specific cloud of senses and content is created, relative to which problem
questions and hypothetical definitions are formulated; 3. In comparison with
his interlocutors, Socrates shows the best knowledge of the subject and
the best ability to use it; he strictly criticizes their attempts to go beyond
www.issbs.si/press/ISSN/2232-5697/3_59-77.pdf
60 Dus, Pominov, Razumov, Ryzhenko, Sizikov, and Tsoy
the scenario of his argument; (4) The variety of conclusions appears to be
limited and only one true conclusion remains (Plato, 1961).
Sophists went along a slightly different path, collecting conventional
methods of building an accurate argument. Socrates was distinguished from
sophists by his ability to reason at the level of God-inspired art guided by
the Pythagorean geometry (Rozhanskij, 1989). Plato set the problem of ge-
ometrical substantiation of an argument (Plato, 1971). However, antique
geometry could not provide the basis for argument substantiation. Even in
the 17th century, B. Spinoza’s experience of the geometrical substantiation
of ethics did not form into a separate value (Spinoza, 1957).
Aristotle’s logic is laid into the basis of the intellectual culture, because it
provides simple and handy algorithms of knowledge presentation in the form
of syllogisms (Aristotle, 1978). However, thinking, speaking, and writing are
linearized. The transition from reasoning to practice is difficult and could
only be implemented with considerable distortions. On the one hand, Aristo-
tle’s logic is poor for solving tasks, which are diverse in sense and content.
On the other hand, it is underdeveloped in formal mathematical respect, so
that mathematical logic appears. Thus, the contemporary prospects of the
intellectual communication development are between Scylla and Charyb-
dis, both remaining in the bounds of Aristotle’s logic and trying to apply
the achievements of modern mathematics and logic, which may lead to
enormous difficulties in the formalization and mathematical treatment of
content-rich materials (Razumov, Ryzhenko, & Sizikov, 2009).
This paper is devoted to our experience of the theoretical construction
and practical application of the new forms of knowledge presentation. Our
theoretical outcomes are based on numerous research experiments on de-
vising the universal methods of knowledge presentation for tasks in dif-
ferent fields of science, education, and project development, including the
symbols of ancient philosophy, dialectics formulas, as well as the develop-
ments in the systematic and cybernetic approach.
The first outcome is the categorical systematic methodology (CSM)
(Razumov, 2004). It enables the development of cognitive patterns for
knowledge presentation. CSM can be applied to a wide range of tasks
where it is necessary to make the transition from content-rich knowledge
to its formalization and consequent construction of a mathematical model
using the CSM apparatus.
The next outcome is the Theory of Dynamic Information Systems (TDIS)
(Razumov, 2004) – a mathematical theory, which has a solid ontological
basis, as well as physical interpretations. TDIS is useful for intellectual
communication, because it allows the reconciliation of the requirements
of sense and content peculiarity of knowledge with its form-mathematical
organization. And finally, the application of the TDIS apparatus in different
International Journal of Management, Knowledge and Learning
Insafing: New Promising Form of Intellectual Communication 61
communication (cognition, teaching, business) offers the possibility of us-
ing TDIS as a basis for original communication technology – Insafing.
The article is arranged as follows. First, it reviews the topics related to
the history of communication management, which played an important role
in this research. The historical review is specified and supplemented with
the ideas of contemporary scientific schools studying the field of commu-
nication management. A special attention is paid to the thought-activity ap-
proach and activity organizing games (AOG) created by the school of Georgy
Shchedrovitsky. In order to combine the theoretical developments based on
the TDIS with AOG practice, we had to implement a special research aimed
at the formation of cognitive engineering and creation of special technolo-
gies for sense scheme development (Ryzhenko, 2012b). Furthermore, the
article describes a new communication technology – Insafing – and dis-
cusses further possibilities of its application.
Historical Background of Communication Management
Communication management has been considered a separate subject of
scientific research and practice since the appearance of neuro-linguistic
programming (NLP), public relations (PR), political discourse, as well as
different technologies allowing for people management by working on the
level of communication. The researches of David Meerman Scott (2011),
Igor Reichman (2013), Eric Enge, Stephan Spencer, Jessie Stricchiola and
Rand Fishkin (2013), Fred Reichheld and Rob Markey (2011), Mark van
Hoecke (2002), and Teun van Dijk (2008) are congruent with the concep-
tion of thought-activity as the basis for business games development. The
effectiveness of a game depends on the base scenario. Scenario develop-
ment requires a certain abstract model providing the answers to the fol-
lowing questions: who, with whom, and according to what rules interact,
what determines the result, and how the result is manifested. However, the
technologies suggested for practical application were not well elaborated
at the conceptual level; thus presenting a problem for the communication
management.
When analyzing the experience of the authors of this paper in strengthen-
ing the schemes of communication management at the conceptual level, we
questioned the possibility of devising a form of intellectual communication
based on an innovative interdisciplinary model enabling project develop-
ment and research on a wide range of scientific and study materials. This
paper presents the approach to intellectual communication management
utilizing the Theory of Dynamic Information Systems (TDIS), which is being
developed by the Omsk scientific and methodological school. TDIS explains
the operations in ontologically comprehended structures: decoding (speci-
fication), folding1 (synthesis), and mutation (shift of categories) (Razumov,
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62 Dus, Pominov, Razumov, Ryzhenko, Sizikov, and Tsoy
2007). These operations determine the rules of communication manage-
ment in a business game called Insafing. Insafing differs from the afore-
mentioned communication technologies, because both, the office stage of
problem solving as well as the process of communication, are arranged in
accordance with TDIS apparatus.
There are a number of relevant researches in this field. Very useful are
the works of James Austin (1975), Michael Foucault (1970–1971), Georgy
Shchedrovitskiy (1995), and Randall Collins (2002). Sense, as a product
of thinking, is considered to be an element of social action. Shchedrovit-
skiy (1995) views sense not just as understanding, but as certain in-
ner commands directing humans’ behaviour in the process of communica-
tion.
The conception of intellectual systems, developed by Iosaf Ladenko
(1990) and Dmitry Pospelov (1989), is valuable in this respect. In an in-
tellectual system, senses emerge and are transmitted among the members
of the system. In this process, a shared sense field is created. Perception
of a phenomenon becomes a collective act and the members of the system
use the same concepts. Guided by further development of this conception,
we interpret an intellectual system as a system, which elements use spe-
cial data processing tools and are able to form senses in the process of
interaction, thus ensuring the achievement of intended outcomes in a given
area (Ryzhenko, 2012a). The Insafing technology helps to form intellectual
systems; its universal cognitive basis can be applied to solving almost any
management problem.
Development of Communication Management Technologies in Russia
Georgy Shchedrovitskiy (1929–1994) is the leader of an original logical-
methodological research area. Since 1970s, he had been developing the
thought-activity approach and, on its basis, the theory and practice of activ-
ity organizing games (AOG). Nowadays, his ideas are expanded in the works
of his followers: Petr Shchedrovitskiy, Oleg Anisimov, Sergey Popov, Oleg
Alekseev, and others.
Georgy Shchedrovitskiy and Aleksandr Zinoviev were ideological and or-
ganizational leaders of the Moscow Logical Circle (later called the Moscow
Methodological Circle). After Zinoviev’s emmigration from USSR, Iosaf
Ladenko (1933–1996) took his place. While developing the scientific school
of ‘intellectual systems,’ both Ladenko and Shchedrovitskiy emphasized
schemes as a tool of cognitive communication. However, there was a differ-
ence in the suggested scheme application. Implementing AOG, Shchedrovit-
skiy (1995) used schemes as a tool for visualizing reasoning. However,
he did not pay attention to the problem of methodology and the logic of
schematization. Ladenko (1990) and his followers used schematization
International Journal of Management, Knowledge and Learning
Insafing: New Promising Form of Intellectual Communication 63
of traditional logic (circular schemes, diagrams). They applied cybernetic
flowcharts or ‘organigrams’ and considered schemes as a form of knowl-
edge presentation and communication in intellectual systems (a complex
including the research subject, research group, tasks, cognitive tools and
techniques).
In the interest of combining the AOG practice with the ideas in the field of
intellectual systems, the members of the Omsk scientific and methodologi-
cal school – the authors of this paper – are working on the development of
intellectual scheme-technique. Intellectual scheme-techniques are a combi-
nation of the categorial-system methodology with the TDIS apparatus con-
veying sense and content of the research subject in the form of a scheme,
while at the same time complying with the requirements of logic and mathe-
matics (Razumov, 2004; Razumov, 2007; Razumov et al., 2009; Ryzhenko,
2012b). The development of intellectual scheme-technique allowed us to
create an innovative technology of intellectual (sense) communication that
is implemented on the Internet (http://thoughtring.com) and corresponds
with the research on ontological engineering.
TDIS explains the structures and the essence of informational function-
ing in a group of communicating subjects. Furthermore, TDIS relates to
management, because it can be applied to and can serve as a basis for
developing a universal approach to solving any management problem at
the informational level. TDIS is inherently aimed at the synthesis of ontol-
ogy, mathematical models, physical representations and their expression
in the form of geometrical schemes. Its application allows the combining
of problem solving (including scientific, learning, and project development
problems) by means of scientific methods with output representation in the
form of a categorial scheme, which presents a digraph. In spite of the scien-
tific rigidity of the schemes, they can be easily utilized if a manager uses the
existing type schemes as a frame for material related to his/her problem
(Razumov, 2007; Sizikov, 2009).
Cognitive Engineering and Sense Schemes
The term ‘sense scheme’ is a word-by-word translation of the Russian word
collocation ‘smysl’2 scheme. TDIS applications development led to the for-
mation of a scientific discipline ‘cognitive engineering’ (Ryzhenko, 2012b).
The scope of this science is the formation of senses in intellectual sys-
tems, whose elements are the subjects of creative communication; and its
method is the transformation of information into senses by means of TDIS.
Cognitive engineering employs the so-called sense schemes – geometric
structures that are akin to semantic networks but are constructed with the
help of a special DIS2 standard, which includes the above-mentioned op-
erations of folding, decoding, and mutation. The cognitive engineering ap-
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64 Dus, Pominov, Razumov, Ryzhenko, Sizikov, and Tsoy
plication related to intellectual communications design and management is
called Insafing.
Insafing is a form of intellectual communication consisting of the el-
ements of activity organizing games and relying on in-advance-prepared
sense schemes. Insafing includes an office stage and a gaming stage. In
the first office stage, a sense scheme for further communication is built.
For this purpose, we use the software Cognitive Assistant (Lunacharskiy &
Ryzhenko, 2011). Consequently, communication strokes simulating TDIS
foldings and mutations happen sequentially. Participants’ speeches are
filmed. In the final office stage, reports and video recordings are analyzed;
and on the basis of this analysis, the final reports are prepared and posted
on the First Sense Network website (http://thoughtring.com).
An Example of Insafing Application
The contemporary form of seminar and conference organization arises from
the traditional work at universities and science academies, which stems
from medieval and ancient forms of communication. However, the degree of
efficiency of a traditional form of communication cannot be high because of
the limitations related to a fixed time limit of an event.
Insafing, as a new form of intellectual communications on setting and
solving management problems, relies on the idea that interaction is based
on an in-advanced-prepared sense scheme of the discussed problem. This
scheme is simplified to a list of simple questions and a clear procedure of
arranging participants’ interaction. In this case, the participants of commu-
nication play certain roles identified in the corresponding positions in the
sense scheme. They make their speeches short and concise in accordance
with the intellectual system thus dramatically increasing the degree of its
efficiency.
The range of Insafing application is almost unlimited. We have success-
fully applied it for: devising a strategy of Omsk Region development, deter-
mining operation factors for holding the Investment Forum of Siberian and
Far East Cities, designing a profile of a village with a population of 5000
people, as well as tourism industry development in a number of Siberian
and Far East cities. Those who studied the basics of Insafing successfully
employ it as a project development technology. Scientific rigidity of Insaf-
ing enables the development and management of large-scale projects. The
sense scheme in Insafing bears certain indices, which enable Insafing to
function as a cognitive framework suitable for arranging communication on
any issue. When this framework is applied to a specific material, the indices
are substituted by the terms characterizing the different aspects of the ob-
ject in question. In addition to the unlimited variety of topics, which Insafing
can be applied to, this technology also allows for building sense schemes
International Journal of Management, Knowledge and Learning
Insafing: New Promising Form of Intellectual Communication 65
22. Actors
20. Motivation factors21. Consistency of processes
2. Factors of success
0. Tourism industry components1. Actors’ actions
12. Feasibility
10. Ideas11. Management
technologies
02. Tourism directions
00. Resources
01. Assembly
2.
1. 0.
Development of Tourism
Industry in the City
Figure 1 Sense Scheme ‘Development of Tourism Industry in the City’
and arranging intellectual communications at all levels of Maslow’s hierar-
chy of needs. It helps to identify the basic senses and values of a group
of participants. The sense scheme in the case of tourism industry develop-
ment had the following structure (Figure 1).
In each position of the sense scheme numbered with a two-digit index
is an actor who attempts to answer his question. In the process of commu-
nication, the actors in the group answer a common group question, which
reflects the folding of actors’ positions in the group. The questions that
the participants of communication answered in the corresponding positions
(places) of the sense scheme are presented in Table 1. The scheme and
the questions were formulated as a result of data analysis received from
the participants of the All-Russian conference on international and domestic
tourism.
Both, in Figure 1 and in Table 1, the positions in the sense scheme
are numbered in ternary arithmetic (modulo 3). The answers to the ques-
tions make it possible to produce a detailed description of the subject area
as a result of intense work of approximately thirty experts during a work-
day (sometimes, however, Insafing may take two working days). The sense
scheme itself can easily be created using the ‘Cognitive Assistant’ software
(Lunacharskiy & Ryzhenko, 2011).
As a result of Insafing application, the interest for project development in
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66 Dus, Pominov, Razumov, Ryzhenko, Sizikov, and Tsoy
Table 1 Insafing Sense Scheme ‘Development of Tourism Industry in the City’
To develop tourism industry in
the city
On what conditions and how can tourism industry
be developed in the city?
0. Tourism industry components What components of tourism industry can and should
be developed in the city?
00. Resources What do we have and what should we obtain or attract
in order to develop tourism industry in the city?
01. Assembly How should the structural components of tourism
industry be connected with each other?
02. Tourism directions What tourism directions should be offered by tourism
industry?
1. Actors’ actions What actions should be undertaken for tourism
industry to develop?
10. Ideas What creative and original ideas can be used to
develop tourism industry in the city?
11. Management technologies What are the advantages and disadvantages of modern
management technologies?
12. Feasibility What prevents tourism industry in the city from
development?
2. Factors of success On what conditions and under the influence of what
factors will tourism industry develop in the city?
20. Motivation factors What motivates the subjects (who exactly) for
developing tourism industry in the city?
21. Consistency of processes Inconsistency of what processes (in the society,
business, management, etc.) prevents tourism industry
from development?
22. Actors Who is able to successfully develop tourism industry in
the city? What qualities should people possess to be
able to develop tourism industry? Where can such
people come from?
the area of tourism has increased in different territories of Siberia and Far
East, Russia. The following projects should be mentioned: ‘Siberian Route’
and ‘Chekhov’s Route’ aimed at creation of a tourist route following the way
of the Russian author Anton Chekhov (end of XIX–beginning of XX century)
through Siberia to Sakhalin island (see http://thoughtring.com/ViewForm
.aspx?id=119). Currently, the authors of this paper are using Insafing in
consultations on creating inter-regional agro-industrial cluster. The project
information analysis and presentation is created with the help of an algo-
rithm used in the scheme and the table.
The implementation of Insafing in different problem-solving situations
proved that the work on solving a problem should begin with finding the
answers to following three indexed questions: 0 – what is the object of our
work; 1 – what tools do we need to work with this object; 2 – what outcome
do we plan to get, and in what larger system can it be incorporated.
International Journal of Management, Knowledge and Learning
Insafing: New Promising Form of Intellectual Communication 67
Theoretical and Methodological Side of Insafing
Both parts of Insafing: office stage (development of communication sense
scheme) and communication itself refer to the field of knowledge manage-
ment. The process of knowledge reception and transmission is facing the
problem of knowledge association with the underlying informational pro-
cesses. This science field touches upon the research and development per-
formed in the field of artificial intelligence (Ladenko, 1990; Pospelov, 1989;
Reichheld & Markey, 2011; Shchedrovitskiy, 1995). We would like to point
out that this field of research has kept a fundamental cognition problem
unsolved: concord of sense-content and form-mathematical method of re-
ality description. To be more precise, the automatization of reasoning was
devised and implemented for the first time in the XIV century by Ramon Llull
(Gardner, 1958). He constructed a device consisting of connected mobile
metal circles of categories.
The next step is considered to be the development of ‘logical machines’
in the XIX–XX century. However, this research was limited only to solving the
logical queries and reached an end. The automatization of calculations was
first implemented by Blaise Pascal (1997) in his arithmometer. Later, this
device was further developed by Gottfried Leibniz (1984). The end of the
Second World War brought about a dynamic growth in the field of calculus
research and provided the basis for the consequent ubiquitous process of
computerization. In spite of the success of these fields, the automatiza-
tion of calculus did not contribute to the automatization of reasoning. The
discrepancy between the research in sciences and humanities is becom-
ing increasingly broader. The field of management appears not to use the
methodology concurring with the sense-content and the form-mathematical
approach in order to solve any kind of scientific problem. In this case, In-
safing application is to reconcile the art of management with the theory of
decision-making.
Unfortunately, the rational acts of communication and management com-
ply with the logic of Aristotle; however, the achievements of the mathemat-
ical logic are of no appropriate use in this case. Based on TDIS, Insafing
facilitates the creation of new logical constructs allowing the transmission
of comprehensive volumes of information to the level of knowledge. The
technology of Insafing provides a way to counteract the fragmentation of
the manager’s activities.
Knowledge is a product of cognition. At first glance, it would appear that
if a person comprehends the sense of a piece of information, it has that
same sense. However, sense is formulated in a person’s consciousness as
a result of deciphering the informational signals. So, knowledge is a part
of information, understood and interpreted by a person. On the account of
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68 Dus, Pominov, Razumov, Ryzhenko, Sizikov, and Tsoy
the process of computerization, the afore-mentioned discrepancy between
the automatization of both calculus and reasoning provoked a discord be-
tween the acceleration of information growth and the retention of the former
speed of information transmission to knowledge. This is clearly displayed
in the present day management problems on both small (sole proprietor)
and big scale (multinationals and governments). Discursive practices are
widely dispersed in the process of communication. These practices require
the circulation of information currents, but they do not reach the level of
knowledge and are therefore considered as a manipulative art of the com-
municator. Thus, the acute problem of knowledge management arises. Its
solution requires the development of new intellectual technologies, which
could be useful in organizing communication. Part of these technologies is
Insafing, which is the focal point of this paper.
A full-blooded industry dealing with creating and transmitting information
with the help of computer technology arose in the modern open informa-
tion society. The information volume growth rate is higher than the rate
of its comprehension by different communities. It accelerates the creation
of ephemeral senses (simulacra) and the activation of the technologies
of mass conscience manipulation. Human cognitive abilities cannot keep
up with the possibilities provided by the information age (Razumov et al.,
2009; Ryzhenko, 2012b; Simon, 1978). The technology of Insafing not only
implies the examination of different positions of a given problem, it also
suggests in which larger system the analyzed activity will be integrated, and
which values and senses it is connected to.
The emerging post-modern culture influences the field of management.
The post-modern approach suggests the pluralization and proliferation of
positions, as well as the rejection of the dictatorial style. This reaction can
be explained with the crisis of the rational culture, including mathematics
and logic. Discourse practices and management aimed at arranging the
intellectual group communication are far from science.
The prevailing situation is bringing to life the necessity to create tools
that would allow for an efficient knowledge management, both at the level
of information packing as well as at the level of communication and trans-
mission of senses. These tasks could be solved with the help of Insafing,
based on the development of new knowledge management models. Partic-
ularly, we had to diverge from the traditional approach of ontological to cog-
nitive engineering (Ryzhenko, 2012a), and from the traditional logic to the
so-called ‘logic of senses’ (Ryzhenko, 2012b, p. 39), a part of intentional
logics. Cognitive engineering is devised as a tool for knowledge manage-
ment and creation of new objects. Cognitive engineering, developed on the
basis of TDIS, is opening new ways for the use of mathematical applica-
tions for knowledge management at the level of mathematical modelling.
International Journal of Management, Knowledge and Learning
Insafing: New Promising Form of Intellectual Communication 69
It enriches management with serious scientific ideas that could be safely
applied to practice.
Relation of Theoretical Fundamentals to Insafing Application
The sense scheme creation in Insafing employs the afore-mentioned ‘sense
logic,’ whereas the game stage uses the intellectual communication prac-
tices to correlate the participants’ standpoints. Let’s take a look at ‘sense
logic.’ The table and the sense scheme are built upon the operation of de-
coding developed in TDIS. Decoding implies that Insafing is devoted to a
specific topic, which is determined by the source category. In the example
discussed earlier, the category was to develop a tourism industry in a city.
This category is specified by a group of three categories (first level decod-
ing). Each of these categories serves as the basis for generating new triad
categories (second level decoding), etc. The scope of this paper is focused
on the second level decoding. Naturally, any other topic can be developed
using this model, for instance, low-rise apartment building in n-district, etc.
At the game stage, the participants transform their own pre-communica-
tion (or pre-Insafing) opinions into one common understanding of the project
situation; hence the probability of implementation of the generated knowl-
edge increases multifold. The transference to the game stage of Insafing
supposes the use of the potential of information currents. Even though the
participants are not aware of these currents, they connect them. The the-
oretical and methodological basis of Insafing is in this case the functional
aspect of TDIS. We can shortly describe them in the following way. DIS can
be presented as a digraph with two types of edges (leading and controlling).
The process of information functioning in the digraph is one of re-distribution
of two types of resources (assets and liabilities) between its nodes. There
are three ways of re-distribution (Razumov, 2007; Sizikov, 2009):
As – sum of assets in liabilities along the controlling edges of DIS:
At – transformation of liabilities into assets in some nodes of DIS;
Ad – distribution of assets along the leading edges of DIS.
Related to management through decision making, As provides local
build-up of resources up to the required volumes, which are sufficient for
decision making in the corresponding local places. Herein At displace the
decision making acts. Essential in this case is the fact that decision making
in DIS can occur simultaneously in more than one node, thus, potentially
providing for a harmony driven environment, allowing for a prototype of man-
agement implementation as monitoring with the help of an imitation model
(Sizikov, 2009). A detailed description of the application of this mechanism
to management presents a research topic that can be explored in a sepa-
rate paper.
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70 Dus, Pominov, Razumov, Ryzhenko, Sizikov, and Tsoy
In Insafing, it is important to affix the positions suggested by the for-
mal model to the participants. In all triads, consisting of nine categories
of second level decoding (indexed 00, 10, 20), the categories answer the
following questions: what is it, what objects do we deal with, and what no-
tions do these objects designate. Categories indexed 01, 11, 21 answer
the following questions: what actions should be taken considering the ob-
jects, what mechanisms are we dealing with. Categories indexed 02, 12,
22 answer the following questions: what results are we getting and how
to analyze and evaluate them. In Insafing, this could be presented by the
move from a sense scheme to a table displaying the questions correspond-
ing with a specific category on the scheme. There are two options: (1) the
sense scheme is created by the moderators at the office stage and pro-
vided to the participants; (2) the sense scheme is generated as a part of
the group work.
Managers, as well as specialists in other fields holding a higher educa-
tion degree, can easily utilize Insafing technology. However, strictly defined
scientific foundations imply the standardization of the process of preparing
and making management decisions.
Insafing includes two stages: analysis and synthesis. Analysis unfolds
through topic specification and decoding, which is implemented during
sense scheme creation. At the end, nine participants become experts on
the topics corresponding with the categories designated with double digit
indexes. The transition to synthesis begins with the work at the level of the
triads. Participants report on each of the three triads, accounting for the
opinions of the three experts on the questions suggested by the first level
decoded categories. Finally, the three experts, who reported the integrated
answers to the category questions, combine the efforts to prepare and
communicate a final report on the topic of Insafing, reflected in the initial
category. An expert position should not include merely a single participant.
The principle formulated earlier is dispersed at all levels of communication.
The peculiarity of Insafing at the functional level of working with infor-
mation currents is the idea of the two forms of information – active and
passive, together with the idea of the three stages of the functioning of
information. Namely, in any communication each participant should realize
that all communicators go through the acts of: receiving (As), understanding
and creative interpreting (At), and transmitting information to other commu-
nicators (Ad). In Insafing, the participants are aware of each of these acts.
The theoretical understanding and the practical development of this skill
provide for the concurrence of the informational processes with the mech-
anisms of working with knowledge. In management, the role of the uncon-
scious is discussed in many aspects. The examination of the three stages
of information functioning in TDIS allows for the extention of these mech-
International Journal of Management, Knowledge and Learning
Insafing: New Promising Form of Intellectual Communication 71
anisms to the behaviour of both individuals and groups. In this case, the
acts (As) dominate at the level of the unconscious; the acts (At) refer to the
manifestation of the unconscious; while the acts (Ad) present the transition
to conscious actions – to making well-grounded decisions.
Theoretical and Practical Groundwork: Some Prospects
for Insafing Development
This paper describes a simple example of Insafing organization. Its theoret-
ical and methodological basis implies the use of only one TDIS operation –
decoding. This allows for sense scheme construction on a given topic, group
work, and, as a result, the acquisition of the project fundamentals. This
work requires between 4 and 6 hours. The full version of Insafing includes
the two additional TDIS operations: mutations and folding. Understanding
the practical application of Insafing requires the provision of mathematical
definitions. DIS at the level n1 has 3n nodes and 32n−1 leading and control-
ling edges. The n-enumeration of its nodes 0, 1, 2 (mod 3) allows for the
leading edge to be directed from node N1 to node N2 (respectively, control-
ling edge in the reversed direction) specifically when
∑
2−
∑
1 = 1 (mod 3)3
(Gantmacher, 1988). Connected mutation of DIS, as a digraph, presents
a shift of its nodes. This shift does not break DIS geometry and connec-
tion topology between its nodes. However, it provides for a new way of DIS
formation with the help of triad decoding of any initial category.
The set of all connected mutations of DIS at the level n≥1 forms an alge-
braic group Mn related to their super-positioning. In this case, the quantity
of the elements is 3(3n−1!)3.
Specifically, DIS at level 1 (standard triad) has three connected muta-
tions providing the reversion of the triad to 0/3, 1/3, 2/3 parts of a full
turn. DIS at level 2 has 648 connected mutations.
Therefore, if we take the scheme presented in picture 1, we can get a few
more schemes, every one of which reveals a new aspect of the discussed
problem. The new triads of categories, in this case, are given new names,
which did not exist at the initial stage of work, resulting in a huge heuristic
effect.
Consequently, based on the definitions referring to the basic sense
scheme, we can construct five additional sense schemes. All of these new
sense schemes act as the initial sense scheme and present a specific
aspect of understanding the topic. As a result of the mutations, six new
groups of categories appear. At this point, we use folding, the operation op-
posite to decoding. Folding provides a collective name for the original triad
of categories. This heuristic mechanism in Insafing enables the search of
six new categories, every one of which suggests an original idea, stage or
direction in the project development.
Volume 3, Issue 1, 2014
72 Dus, Pominov, Razumov, Ryzhenko, Sizikov, and Tsoy
Insafing: Overcoming the Discrepancy between Science
and Communication Practice and Management
The rift between science and the practice of communication and manage-
ment arises from the fact that science, in its origin and to present day,
functions in ‘unrealized imperfection.’ This is exemplified by the following.
Assuming that the titles of the categories represent the exact content of the
underlying material, we would have to work out (n!) combinations in order to
calculate all variations of the topic. Paradoxically, the more titles we spec-
ify, the more categories we get. The discourse of all variations becomes
impossible. Therefore, scientific findings receive limited applications in the
practice communication and management; as the basis we use experience,
intuition, and instruction.
TDIS, cognitive engineering, and Insafing allow for the shift from unre-
alized to realized imperfection. This means that we can determine in ad-
vance the full set of possible combinations. TDIS permits the limitation of
the factorial of all possible combinations to a smaller set of ontologically
comprehensive elements of DIS class systems. In relation to this, an im-
portant function of Insafing is personnel training in order to work with new
intellectual technologies connecting information and knowledge, as well as
providing new forms of knowledge presentation, differing from the logic of
Aristotle.
It is critical to point out the ‘multi-objectiveness’ of Insafing. The ex-
perience of the researchers (Lunacharskiy & Ryzhenko, 2011; Ryzhenko,
2012a, 2012b) shows Insafing to be effective both for faculty members
teaching TDIS as well as for the practitioners solving a specific problem,
who are unaware of the logic and mathematics.
Insafing for Knowledge Management and Intellectual
Technologies Development
The transition from extensive to intensive models of economics and their
emergence at the innovative level of development are impossible without
the creation of new intellectual technologies. Constructive proposals for
the agreement between the form-mathematic and the sense-content tech-
nologies of calculus and reasoning should be established at the basis of
these new technologies. All of this calls for a systematic approach in the
form of an interdisciplinary project, integrating mathematics, physics, and
philosophy. The value of the scientific findings has to be assessed based
on their ability to emerge at the level of new strategies of intellectual com-
munication and management.
New intellectual technologies will be disseminated if they can be imple-
mented in new information technologies. The booming IT-Industry involves
people into communication processes diverse in their content, scale, and
International Journal of Management, Knowledge and Learning
Insafing: New Promising Form of Intellectual Communication 73
speed; however it does not facilitate the improvement of their group re-
search skills. Insafing is not a simple Activity Organizing Game, developed
on the basis of TDIS, it helps form a new culture of managers’ creative
activity. A culture that facilitates the development of modern calculating
tools concurring with intellectually heavy communications of people. In-
safing gives a new approach to knowledge management integrating the
achievements of the IT-Industry with the new proposals for the strengthen-
ing of the human intellect. The topic of this paper has a strong connection
with the tasks necessary to implement innovations in business with the
help of science and interdisciplinary research.
Insafing is safely applied to management schemes development for ob-
jects such as: corporations, clusters, cities, regions of the Russian Federa-
tions. For instance, its application in the project ‘Omsk – the Entry Region
to the Russian Federation’ shortened the time and reduced the resources
for project development and considerably increased the reliability of the
results.
Conclusion
Insafing may be used for the development of conceptual documents in a
given research area, reconciliation of different attitudes of experts regarding
a given problem, development of strategies and performance of in-company
consulting. It is taking on a special significance in education, because it not
only allows the creation of a conceptual definition of a research area, but it
also helps train the personnel who understand the problem and are ready
to implement the ideas elaborated in the process of communication.
Insafing technology can be learnt and mastered by both students and
professors specializing in various fields of study. In case of the training of
future managers, the emphasis is on the action part arranged as an activity
organizing game. In small groups involving 3–5 people, Insafing suggests
that each participant individually works through all sense scheme positions
on a given task.
The base methodology of Insafing is universal; it is intensively develop-
ing as a scientific program. The technological decisions for preparing and
implementing Insafing can be applied to different problems from different
fields of science, education, and project development.
Future research of Insafing development involves a variety of aspects
such as: strengthening the fundamental basis of Insafing and developing
TDIS and its applications, improving the Internet project First Sense Net-
work (http://thoughtring.com) and Cognitive Assistant software, which have
a common TDIS base described in this paper. Interdisciplinary research
team formed by the authors of this paper continues improving Insafing for its
application to the process of arranging communication on different projects
Volume 3, Issue 1, 2014
74 Dus, Pominov, Razumov, Ryzhenko, Sizikov, and Tsoy
and consulting in various fields. Another aspect that needs further research
is the development of tutorials for teaching future managers and other spe-
cialists on how to use Insafing in communication management.
Notes
1 In TDIS, folding is the operation opposite of decoding, which happens when
it is necessary to choose a category as a name for a developed triad of
categories.
2 The Russian word ‘smysl’ is close to the English word ‘sense’ meaning ‘sub-
stance or gist’, but it has a more philosophical interpretation in the aspect of
rendering objective substance or knowledge conceived by a subject.
3
∑
i – sum of the digits in Ni (i = 1,2)
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Yury P. Dous holds a PhD degree in Economics. He is a dean of the Inter-
national Business School at Omsk F. M. Dostoevsky State University. He is
a full professor and head of the Department of International Economic Rela-
tions at the same institution. He was one of the founders of the International
Business School – the first school in Omsk region to implement the European
system of business education. He also coordinates international education
programs with the partner business schools in the USA, UK, Canada, Ger-
many and Czech Republic. His main research interests touch upon the pe-
culiarities of Russia’s integration into the system of international economic
relations. He has more than 110 publications, including monographs and
journal papers. dous@univer.omsk.su
Dmitry Yu. Pominov holds a PhD degree in Politics. He is a director of the
Co Ltd ‘Omsk City Mass Media’ and a member of the Russian management
society. Among the projects he developed and implemented together with
the Association of Siberian and Far East cities and with the assistance of
plenipotentiary of the RF president in Siberian region is a project titled ‘In-
vestment Portal: City Main News’ (riagn.ru). He also arranged the all-Russian
competition in patriotic journalism ‘Native Land’ and was the head of its or-
ganizational committee (www.patriot-in.ru). 606@inbox.ru
Vladimir I. Razumov is a doctor of Philosophy, professor and head of the
Department of Philosophy at Omsk F. M. Dostoevsky State University. He de-
veloped the categorial-system methodology and the theory of dynamic infor-
mation systems (together with Victor P. Sizikov); furthermore, he implemented
them in various interdisciplinary researches and projects in the field of edu-
cation, science, and business. The research outcomes are incorporated as
the basis of the module ‘Scientific Research Methodology’ taught as a part of
PhD programs for students and in-service training for the university lecturers.
He is a founder of Omsk scientific methodological school. The number of his
scientific publications exceeds 500. rvi57@mail.ru
Leonid I. Ryzhenko holds a PhD degree in Technical Science. He is an as-
sociate professor and director of the Centre for Transfer of Technologies at
Siberian Academy of Motor Transport and Road Construction. He is also a
corresponding member of International Informatization Academy, as well as a
founder and director of the Institute of System Programming. He developed a
new scientific discipline ‘Cognitive Engineering.’ He is currently coordinating
the interregional project ‘International and Domestic Tourism Development
in Siberia and Far East’ and the project ‘Following Anton Chekhov’s Route
through Siberia to Sakhalin.’ He has more than 100 scientific publications.
leonid_ryz@rambler.ru
Victor P. Sizikov holds a PhD degree in Technical Science. He is an asso-
ciate professor at Omsk State Transport University. On the basis of the the-
International Journal of Management, Knowledge and Learning
Insafing: New Promising Form of Intellectual Communication 77
ory of dynamic information systems that he created together with Vladimir
I. Razumov, he developed the logic-mathematic apparatus and substantiated
its application to the theory of systems, system analysis, and the theory of
management. The research outcomes were published and integrated into the
educational programs in the field of engineering, technics, and economics.
He has more than 100 scientific publications. v_p_sizikov@mail.ru
Vasily G. Tsoy is a Director of the International Institute of Strategic Project
Development. He is currently coordinating the Project ‘Low-Rise Construction
in Siberia and Far East’ and has recently initiated the development of a project
for industrial construction of small aviation aircrafts in Russia and a project
for extension of transport and logistic infrastructure in Siberia and Far East.
He was a part of a team for the expertise of the Omsk regional development
strategy. choi_vasa@mail.ru
This paper is published under the terms of the Attribution-
NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Volume 3, Issue 1, 2014