npegMHKaTa co 30o-aHTponoMop^HM m geMOHCKM o6ene^ja bo cnoBeHCKMTe mmtckm TpagM^MM Hukoc Haycuduc Five fragmented tiles originating from the 15th century and found in Prague are the research topic of this text. A woman and another zoo-anthropomorphic figure spinning in front of a spindle can be seen on the better preserved examples. An attempt has been made to connect the second figure with: (1) some forest or house female spirits from the Slavic folklore that are linked to the textile activities; (2) the initiation rites of girls into adult women through symbolic transformation from the natural sphere (animal, bear, forest) into the cultural (a wife, a house-socium) through the act of spinning and other textile activities. Keywords: Slavic mythology, female forest spirits, female house spirits, Mokosh, spinning, weaving, initiation. Ptobhuot noBog Ha OBa ucTpa^yBa^e ce HeKonKy eKcnoHaTM kom ce bo cocTaB Ha Kone^ujaTa Ha Museum hlavniho mesta Prahy. Ce pa6oTM 3a neT, npegMeTM, noBeKe unu noManKy ^pameHTupaHM, kom ce onpegeneHM co TepMMHoT »Kaxnu« (kachle).1 Toj nogpa36upa egeH Bug KepaMMHKM nnonu ogHocHo Tynu HaMeHeTM 3a rpage^e T.e. o6no^yBafte Ha eHTepuepHM goMamHM ne^KM (cn. 1 - 4). ^pMMepo^MTe npunaraaT Ha oHaa KaTeropuja nuja nenHa cTpaHa e penje^Ho o6nuKyBaHa co ^urypanHM motmbm. Kaj nogo6po 3anyBaHuoT npuMepoK (cn. 2), KaKo MecTo Ha npoHaorarae ce HaBegyBa »Praha 2, Novomestka radnice u sv. Lazara«, gogeKa Kaj gpyruTe, TaKBM ^0gaT0^M He ce HaBegeHM. CuTe ^pMMepo^M ce gaTupaaT bo BTopaTa nonoBMHa Ha 15. BeK.2 1. Onuc Ha K0M^03M^MMTe Bp3 ocHoBa Ha eguHcTBeHaTa HaM no3HaTaTa ^y6^MKa^Mja u ^ogaTo^MTe u ^o-Torpa^uuTe o6jaBeHM bo Hea, Mo^eMe ga 3aKnynuMe geKa ce pa6oTM 3a neT »Kaxnu« Ha kom 6una npeTcTaBeHa ucTa, unu MomHe cnuHHa c^Ha. npuMepoKoT co KaTanomKM 6poj 266 (ic. 9338; tab. 52: 1; muponuHa 201 mm) e 3anyBaH penucu bo ^hoct (cn. 2). Bo KBagpaTHa paMKa e noMecTeHa K0M^03M^Mja og gBe ^urypu kom ce HaoraaT neBo u gecHo og egHa ^HTpanHo nocTaBeHa ^ypKa. ^ypKaTa e o6nuKyBaHa bo Bug Ha Bep-TMKaneH cTan ^MKcupaH Ha nocraMeHT, Ha nuj BpB ce Haorana npera Koja e geHec bo 1 Bo MaKegoHcKuoT ja3MK (roBopHuoT u nuTepaTypHuoT) He nocTou neKceMa co oBa 3Ha^e&e, nopagu mTo bo TeKcToT Ke ce KopucTMMe co KupunuMHa TpaHCKpM^^Mja Ha kachle, cTaBeHa bo HaBogHM^M. 2 Richterova 1982, 43, 44. npegM^KaTa co 3oo-aHTponoMop^HM u geMOHCKM oúenexja bo croBeHCKMTe mmtckm TpagM^MM npegunKaTa co 30G-aHTponGMGp^HH h geMGHcKU o6ene®ja bg cnoBeHcKHTe mhtckh TpagH^HH HajroneM gen yHumTeHa. Bp3 ocHOBa Ha 3anyBaHUTe ^pameHTU Mo^e ga ce npeTnoc-TaBu geKa Taa 6una npuKa^aHa cTunH3upaH0, bo Bug Ha cerMeHT pacnneHeT co Bep-TUKanHu u 6naro pa36paHyBaHu 6pa3gu (Bugu ja pecTaBpa^jaTa). flecHO og ^ypKaTa e npuKa^aHa croe^Ka ^urypa Ha ^eHa, o6neneHa bo gonro 3gonHumTe Koe gocerHyBa go 3eMjaTa. Taa co paKaTa gp^u egeH npaMeH Koj u3neryBa og KynoT npera nocTaBeH Ha ^ypKaTa, gogeKa npeg Hea ce Haora 6uK0HUHeH cerMeHT co koch KaHenypu Koj one-BugHO npuKa^yBa BpeTeHO co HaMOTaH KOHe^ noHHyBajKu og rnaBaTa, Bgon^ ^nuoT rp6 ce npoTera gonr npaMeH og Hej3UHaTa Koca. Og cnpoTUBHaTa cTpaHa Ha ^ypKaTa e npeTcTaBeHa ymTe egHa ^urypa, Koja e cegHaTa Ha cronne. noBucoKa e og npeTxogHa-Ta, 6ugejKu u noKpaj Toa mTO cegu, Hea ja npeMamyBa co cBojaTa BucoHUHa. Taa, KaKO u npeTxogHaTa ^urypa, co egHaTa paKa nocerHyBa koh nperaTa og ^ypKaTa, gogeKa co gpyraTa ro gp^u, noTOHHO ro gonupa (BepojaTHO ro BpTu) BpeTeHOTO, Koe bo oboj' cnynaj e npuKa^aHO BepTUKanHO. 3a pa3nuKa og npBaTa ^urypa, KojamTO e npeTcTaBeHa co jacHO u geTa^HO o6nuKyBaHa o6neKa, OBaa e 6e3 o6neKa. McKnynoK npeTcra-ByBaaT gBaTa napanenHO KaHenupaHu nonyKpy^HU cemeHTU bo npegenoT Ha rpaguTe u paMOTO. no cBOuTe 3panecTu KaHenypu Tue ce goHeKage cnuHHu KaKO Kaj ^eHcKaTa ^urypa, a 6u Morene ga npuKa^yBaaT HeKaKOB Bug Ha roprepa (gorguera).3 CenaK, hh ce hhhh noBepojaTHO geKa oboj' cerMeHT, Kaj BTopaTa ^urypa, ru npuKa^yBan gojKUTe. Ho3eTe u ce Manu u TeHKu bo ogHoc Ha TenoTO, cBueHu bo KoneHaTa u co cunHO noTeH-^paHu gonru ho^hh npcTu (unu KaH^). Ha hct HanuH ce npeTcTaBeHu u npcTUTe Ha pa^Te. ^noTO Teno, BKnyqyBajKu ru u eKcrpeMUTeTUTe, e ucnonHeTO co paMHu u cBueHu 6pa3gu. Ha 3agHU0T gen ce HaceTyBa Man cerMeHT Koj BepojaTHO npuKa^yBan onam, nogo6po BugnuB Ha BTopuoT npuMepoK (cn. 1). MaKO rnaBaTa bo HajroneMuOT gen HegocTacyBa (geHec e genyMHO pecTaBpupaHa), Bp3 OcHOBa Ha 3anyBaHU0T goneH gen og nu^TO u BpaTOT, MG^e ga ce 3aKnynu geKa u Taa 6una KaHenupaHa co noTeHKu napanenHu 6pa3gu. 3ag BpaTOT e 3anyBaH egeH Koco nocTaBeH cerMeHT (hcto TaKa Ka-HenupaH) Koj ce hhhh npuKa^yBan gen og KocaTa, Koj ce cnymTa koh rp6oT. BTopuoT npuMepoK (KaTanomKu 6poj 270; ič. 89 123; tab. 52: 4; BucoHUHa 100 mm) npunaran Ha »Kaxna« co npuKa3 Ha ucTaTa c^Ha, og Koj e 3anyBaHa gecHaTa ^u-rypa mTO e penucu ugeHTUHHa Ha npeTxogHaTa (cnopegu cn. 1 u 2). Og Hea noBTopHO HegocTacyBa rnaBaTa, ropHuOT gen og ^ypKaTa, a oboj' naT u ^naTa gecHa nonoBUHa co ^eHcKaTa ^urypa. Bo KaTanoroT ce ny6nuKyBaHU ymTe Tpu ^pameHTU koh HajBepojaTHO npunara-ne Ha gecHUOT gen og »Kaxna« co npuKa3 Ha ucTa unu cnuHHa ci^Ha. Tue ru UMaaT cnegHUTe KaTanomKu 6poeBu: 267 (ič. 89 126), tab. 52: 3, BucoHUHa 144 mm (cn. 4); 268 (ič. 89 120), MaKc. guMeH3Uu 127 mm, 6e3 npuno^eHa ^OTorpa^uja; 269 (ič. 89 121), MaKc. guMeH3Uu 105 mm, tab. 52: 2 (cn. 3). Ha hub e 3anyBaH gonHUOT gen og gecHaTa ^urypa o6neneHa bo 3gonHumTe (bo HeKOu geTanu pa3nuHH0 og norope onumaHOTo), co gen og KocaTa u co npeTcraBa Ha BpeTeHa (bo egHUOT cnynaj He egHO TyKy gBe). 3 EgeH Bug npomupeHa (HeKGram u Ha6paHa) KparHa Koja ro noKpuBa BpaTGT, paMeaaTa u rpaguTe (Cne3UHa - Xanro3GBa 2012, /roprepa/). 2. floceramHM MHTep^peTa^MM C^HaTa og npuKa»aHuTe »Kaxju« J. PuxTepoBa ja ugeHTu^uKyBa KaKO »lesni muž (d'abel?) a žena«, npu mTO nojacHyBa geKa Ha hub e npuKa»aHa c^Ha bo Koja raBojoT ja ynu »eHaTa ga npege: Dabel uči ženu prist (d'abel - vpravo sedici postava, žena - toici, uprostred preslice a 2 civky, vlasy ženy volne splavajy); Sedici postava dabla, odvijejiciho len na civku z preslice; Žena ma šat (...) pred ni leži 2 civky se lnem (...)".4 Bp3 ocHoBa Ha npuKa»aHaTa KOM^O3u^uja, ^puMepo^uTe ce KJacu^u^upaHu bo Ka-TeropujaTa »6u6jujcKu crapo3aBeTHM c^Hu«. Bo HaM gocTanHaTa ^y6JUKa^uja, KaKo noTKpena Ha oBaa ugeHTu^uKa^uja He e npujo»eHa HUKaKBa apryMern^uja uju KoHKpeTHo ^uTupaHa juTepaTypa.5 flBa ejeMeHTu HaBegyBaaT koh coMHe» bo ogHoc Ha oBaa uHTep^peTa^uja: - bo »CBeToTo nucMo« He e no3HaTa c^Ha bo Koja raBojoT ynu HeKoja »eHa ga npege; - je-BaTa ^urypa ru HeMa o6eje»jaTa kou ce Tunu^Hu 3a npeTCTaBaTa Ha raBojoT. BTopaTa uHTep^peTa^uja Ha ucrpa»yBaHoT, cnopeg Koja ce pa6oTu 3a myMCKu HoBeK (»lesni muž«), He Mo»e coceMa ga ce oT^pju. Ce huhu BepojaTHo geKa KaHejupaHuTe 6pa3gu Ha ^urypaTa, Taa ru TojKyBa KaKo 3Ha^u Ha noKpueHocTa Ha Hej3uHoTo Tejo co BjaK-Ha T.e. Kp3Ho, mTo 3aegHo co BepTuKajHaTa guc^O3u^uja u 3oo-aHTponoMop<^HuoT u3rjeg, coogBeTcTByBa Ha MuTcKuTe jukobu og KaTeropujaTa »myMcKu Ma»«.6 M noKpaj oTcycTBoTo Ha apryMern^uja, Mo»eMe HanejHo ga ja npu^aTuMe npeTnocTaBKaTa Ha J. PuxTepoBa geKa Ha »KaxjuTe« e npuKa»aH raBojoT Koj ja ynu »eHaTa ga npege, ho caMo aKo npu Toa ja 3eMeMe npegBug He HeroBaTa xpucTujaHcKa napagurMa, TyKy HeKoj co Hero u3egHaneH naraHcKu mutcku jiuk uju 6o»ecTBo. Bo HeKou cjoBeHcKu HapogHu Tpagu^uu ce HaBegyBa geKa Bor ru Haynuj jyre-to ga npegaT u ga TKajaT. Cnopeg egHo npegaHue, oTKaKo ru ucTepaj npBuTe jyre og pajoT, Toj Ha AgaM My gaj jonaTa, a Ha EBa BpeTeHo u npera.7 Co orjeg Ha oTcycTBoTo Ha oBa cu»e bo xpucTujaHcKuTe KaHoHcKu TeKcToBu, HeroBoTo nocToe^e Mo»e ga ce pa36epe KaKo npogyKT Ha HeKou anoKpu^Hu TeKcToBu, uju naK Ha HexpucTujaHcKuTe Tpagu^uu. 3eMajKu ru npegBug aTpu6yTuTe Ha cege^KuoT juk og npamKuTe »Kaxju«, u Toa oco6eHo HeroBaTa o6pacHaTocT co BjaKHa, 3oo-aHTponoMop^Hocra u eBeHTyaj-huot u3rjeg Ha Me^Ka (Bugu HaTaMy), 3ag Hero, ocBeH myMcKuoT Ma» (»lesni muž«), KaKo napagurMa 6u Mo»ej ga ce nocTaBu u cjoBeHcKuoT xtohcku 6or Bonoc/Benec, nopagu Toa mTo ru nocegyBa cuBe oBue aTpu6yTu, a ucto TaKa u ce ugeHTu^uKyBa co MamKMTe myMCKM geMOHM (Ha npuMep Hemuj). Bo npujor Ha noBp3aHocTa Ha Bojoc co TeKcTujHuTe gejHocTu 6u Mo»eje ga ce HaBegaT HeKojKy apryMeHTu. Cnopeg HeKou TojKyBafta, bo eTuMojorujaTa Ha HeroBuoT TeoHuM e cogp»aHo 3HaqeK>eTo Ha BjaKHo (pyc. bohoc) u BojHa (MaKeg. BonHa), Bp3 mTo ce 6a3upa u peJa^ujaTa Ha oBoj 6or co xpucTujaHcKuoT cBeTuTej Cb. Bnacuj (cpn.; xpB. Bnacu - BjaKHa).8 Ha oBaa peJa^uja, Mery gpyroTo ynaTyBaaT u 3a6paHuTe 3a npege^e 3a npa3HuKoT Ha oBoj cBeTuTej u 4 Richterova 1982, 43, 44. 5 Richterova 1982, 17, 43, 44. 6 3a oBaa KaTeropuja mmtckm jmkobm: Machal 1891, 124-133; geBKMeBcKas 2004, 104-109; 3e^eBMh 1981, 1318. 7 BaJeH^OBa 2009, 321; Ka6aKoBa 2001, 234. 8 3a peJa^MMTe Bonoc - eonna - Koca: YcneHcKMM 1982, 166-175; MBaHoB - TonopoB 1974, 49-53; Pw6aKoB 1981, 426. npegunKaTa co 3GG-aHTpG^GMGp^HM m geMoHcKM o6ene®ja bo cnoBeHcKMTe mmtckm TpagM^MM Toa nopagu go6po6uT Ha go6uToKoT.9 Pena^jaTa faBon - TeKCTun - BnaKHo - Benec, Mo^e ga ce apryMeHTupa co ^aKT0T mTo bo cpegHoBeKoBHUTe nemKu u3Bopu og 16. BeK, neKceMaTa Benec (npe^uToK Ha TeoHUMoT Benec) ce KopucTu KaKo cmhohmm 3a raBon.10 HacnpoTM oBaa MHTepnpeTa^ja, HeKonKy o6ene^ja Ha cege^KaTa ^urypa og npamKMTe »Kaxnu« hm gaBaaT 3a npaBo ga npeTnocTaBUMe geKa Taa UMa ^hckm non. npBo, Toa e KpaTKuoT npaMeH (onam) og KocaTa Koj ce cnymTa koh rp6oT, a e noTunu-neH 3a ^eHcKMTe ^pu3ypu. BTopuoT eneMeHT e KaHenupaHuoT cerMeHT bo npegenoT Ha rpaguTe, nuja nonyKpy^Ha npo^una^ja bo gonHuoT gen, noTceTyBa Ha gojKa (cn. 1, 2). flonymTaMe U3BecHo coMHeBaae bo ogHoc Ha BTopaBa MHTepnpeTa^ja, 3aToa mTo 6u Moreno ga ce pa6oTU u 3a BeKe cnoMHaTaTa npomupeHa KparHa (roprepa). Ho, og gpyra cTpaHa, eBeHTyanHoTo npucycTBoTo Ha oBoj eneMeHT 6u 6uno bo npoTUBpen-hoct co oTcycTBoTo Ha 6uno KaKBa gpyra o6neKa Kaj oBaa ^urypa. HaBegeHMTe KoMnoHeHTU 6ea noBog, bo cnoBeHcKMTe Tpagu^u ga no6apaMe He-Koe gpyro cu»e bo Koe, HaMecTo raBonoT unu »lesni muž«, ^yH^ujaTa Ha npegeae 6u ja peanu3upan HeKoj ^hckm nuK co HaBegeHMTe o6ene^ja. OBaa noTpara He goBege koh HeKonKy KaTeropuu mmtckm nuKoBU kom Ke 6ugaT npeTcTaBeHU bo HapegHUTe rnaBU. 3. Mmtckm nuKOBU og KaTeropujaTa »myMCKa«/»guBa »eHa« 3a HemeBo ucTpa^yBaae e oco6eHo BaxHo mTo UHTepecHU noKnonyBaaa co npuKa^aHuoT nuK npoHajgoBMe bo ^onKnopHUTe Tpagu^u noBp3aHU co oBue nu-kobm kom ce ogHecyBaaT Ha HemKa, CnoBaHKa u MopaBuja T.e. nomupoKuoT peruoH bo Koj ce oTKpueHM m caMMTe KepaMMHKM npegMeTM og My3ejoT bo üpara. Og BaKBUTe m gpyru cnuHHU Tpagu^u bo ocTaHaTUTe cnoBeHcKU peruoHU, U3BneKoBMe neTupu aTpu6yTM 3a kom cMeTaMe geKa coogBeTcTByBaaT co o6ene^jaTa Ha npuKa^aHaTa ce-ge^Ka ^urypa. Toa ce: BnaKHecToTo Teno (co 3roneMeHU guMeH3Uu), a^eHTupaHMTe gojKM, aKTMBHocTMTe noBp3aHM co TeKcTunoT m ^mbotmhckmot M3rneg. a) BnaKHecTo Teno Divé ženy bo HemKa m CnoBaHKa, Divoženky m Diviženy bo MopaBuja 6une 3a-MucnyBaHM KaKo roneMM ^eHM co cTpameH M3rneg m co ^Ha unu ^BeHa pacnneTe-Ha Koca Koja mm gonupa go nojacoT. Co BnaKHa (m 6pagaBMiiu) mm 6uno noKpueHo m nui^To. Bo peruoHoT Ha TaTpuTe, Tue ce npeTcTaByBane KaKo 3no6HM guBM cTapM^M co gonra m rpy6a Koca (»s vlasy dlouhymi a prostymi«), a HeKage ce cMeTano geKa co BnaKHa mm e o6pacHaTo m ^noTo Teno. CnuneH M3rneg (gonra pacnneTeHa Koca) MMane m noncKMTe Dzivožony.n OBue o6ene^ja ce cBojcTBeHM m 3a mmtckmot nuK BoruHKa, Koj e eBugeHTupaH bo ManononcKa, jy^Ha Ma30Buja, n0ncK0-yKpaMHcK0T0 m noncKo-cn0BaHK0T0 rpaHMHHo nogpanje. Hajnecro ce nojaByBa rona, a Mo*e ga MMa m BnaKHecTo Teno (KynemKM H03e unu M3rneg Ha MajMyH). BoruHKMTe ce 3aMucnyBane KaKo cegaT noKpaj peKa m ja nemnaaT KocaTa.12 Co pacnymTeHa Koca ce npeTcTaByBane m pycKMTe 9 3a pena^MMTe Bonoc - meKcmunHU dejHocmu: YcneHcKMM 1982, 176-179; 3a HaBegeHMTe 3a6paHu: Toactom 1995, 384; BaneH^GBa 2009, 326. 10 MBaH0B - TonopoB 1974, 66. 11 Máchal 1891, 126-132. 12 CaHMKoBa - YcaTOBa 2001, 34, 35. Hemoqwxa u EopoByxa.13 M fflyMcKaTa MajKa bo McToHHa Cp6uja u nnaHuHcKaTa Maj-Ka bo BaHaT ce npuKa^yBana KaKo rona ^eHa co pacnneTeHa unu pa36ymaBeHa Koca.14 OcBeH HaBegeHuTe o6ene^ja, MuTcKuTe nuKoBu og oBaa KaTeropuja ce 3aMucnyBane u co roneMa rnaBa, gonru pa^ u pa3Hu äubotuhcku aTpu6yTu (Bugu HaTaMy). 6) HarnaceHM gojKM Bo peruoHoT Ha TaTpuTe, ce cMeTano geKa MuTcKaTa giiBa »eHa uMa roneMu goj-ku. M noncKuTe Dzivožony, cnopeg npegaHujaTa ce npeTcTaByBane co npeguMeH3u-oHupaHu gojKu kou ru npe^pnane npeKy paMeaaTa 3a ga He um npenaT 3a BpeMe Ha TpHaaeTo.15 OBa o6ene^je e cBojcTBeHo u 3a EorMHKa, Koja cBouTe roneMu gojKu ru KopucTu u 3a nepeae Ha o6neKaTa (ygupaae co gojKuTe no Hea).16 OBa ce ogHecyBa u Ha pycKuTe Hemoqwxa u HwcyHKa, KaKo u jy^HocnoBeHcKaTa fflyMCKa, ropcKa T.e. nnaHMHCKa MajKa.17 HarnaceHuTe gojKu Ha npuKa^aHuTe nuKoBu Mo^aT ga ce cTaBaT bo pena^uja co nonyKpy^HuTe KaHenupaHu ceMeHTu npeTcTaBeHu bo ropHuoT gen og Top3oTo Ha roneMaTa ^urypa og npamcKuTe »Kaxnu« (cn. 1, 2). npucycTBoTo Ha egHuoT TaKoB cerMeHT bo npegenoT Ha paMoTo 6u Mo^en ga ce pa36epe bo KoHTeKcT Ha gejcTBueTo bo Koe HaBegeHuTe nuKoBu ru npe^pnaaT cBouTe gojKu npeKy paMeaaTa. b) aktmbhoctm nOBp3aHM CO TeKCTMHOT 3a HemKuTe u cnoBaHKuTe Divé ženy u MopaBcKuTe Divoženky T.e. Diviženy, ce cMeTano geKa caKaaT ga pa6oTaT co neH. Ce BepyBano geKa 3a BpeMe Ha Begpu hoku co MeceHuHa, Tue cegaT Ha 6peroT Ha peKa unu noToK u npegaT, a bo HeKou npunuKu um noMaraaT u Ha goMaKuHKuTe bo npegeaeTo neH. Bo o6nacra Hradecko, ce Beneno: »Trhejte dobfe len, aby po vás Divé ženy nepabérkovaly!«1s Bo BpcKa co BaKBaTa ^yHK-^uja Ha oBue mutcku nuKoBu, 3anumaHa e u cnegHaBa necHa: »Trhám, trhám len, pojdte žinky ven! Budte naše spomocnice, Dám vám mouky a krupice, žinky, pojdte ven!«19 McTaTa ynora ja uMaaT u Lesní ženky u Lesní panna. Bo egHo npegaHue e npe-TcTaBeHo KaKo TaKBuoT nuK, ^n geH TaH^yBa co egHa geBojKa Koja nacena Ko3u, 3a Ha KpajoT ga u ja ucnpege ceTa neHeHa npera Koja oBaa ja go6una 3a Toj geH KaKo o6Bp-cKa.20 CnuHHa npuKa3Ha, KaKo u BoonmTo npegeaeTo KaKo gejHocT, ce cBojcTBeHu u 3a mutckuot nuK EorMHKa.21 13 ^eBKMeBcKaa 2004, 108. 14 3eHeBMh 1969, 337; 3eHeBMh i98i, i8, i9. 15 Máchal i89i, i28; 3eHeBuh i98i, 20, 2i. 16 CaHMKoBa - Yca^oBa 200i, 35. 17 3eHeBMh 1969, 337, 340; 3eHeBuh i98i, 18-20. 18 Máchal i89i, i26-i27. 19 Máchal i89i, i27. 20 Máchal i89i, i30. 21 CaHMKoBa - YcaHoBa 200i, 35; BaneH^0Ba 2009, 323. npegMHKaTa co 3oo-aHTponoMop^HM m geMoHcKM o6efle®ja bo cfloBeHcKMTe mmtckm TpagM^MM npegefteTo ce noBp3yBa u co pycanKMTe kom, cnopeg pycKMTe u yKpauHcKMTe BepyBafta, HoKe BneryBaaT go goMamHMTe 6aftu u TaMy, og ocraTo^Te npera, ce o6u-gyBaaT ga npegaT noBecMo (cpn. Kydema, pyc. KyMenb) 3a cBojaTa o6neKa. OBue o6ugu mm ce HajnecTo HeycnemHM, nopagu mTo npegnoHMTaaT ga KpagaT roToB KoHeii. Bo MopaBcKo-cnoBa^KoTo norpaHMHje ce pacKa^yBana cTopuja (aHanoraa Ha npeTxogHo cnoMHaTaTa 3a Lesni panna) bo Koja, oBoj naT, HeKoja BMna u noMara Ha geBojKaTa bo npegefteTo, 3aToa mTo Taa go6una 3agana ucToBpeMeHo ga ro nace cTagoTo u ga npe- ge.22 HaBegeHMTe ^yH^uu HenocpegHo ce noBp3yBaaT co »KaxnuTe« og npara, oco-6eHo co oHue Ha kom e npeTcraBeH hmhot Ha npegefte (ch. 1, 2) unu 6apeM HeKou opy-guja BKnyneHu bo Hero (BpeTeHa - ch. 4). r) ^mbotmhckm M3rneg Mmtckmot hmk BoruHKa e npeTcTaByBaHa co Ho3e chmhhm Ha KynemKu u pa^ co no Tpu npcTu, ucKpuBeHu KaKo KaH^.23 fflyMCKaTa MajKa, ocBeH KaKo ^eHa, ce 3a-MucnyBana u bo Bug Ha pa3Hu ^mbothm (MucupKa, KpaBa, cBMfta, KyHe, Koft unu Ko3a), ho m co gonru hoktm (= KaH^?).24 ^mbotmhckmot M3raeg Ha oBue mmtckm hmkobm coogBeTcTByBa Ha M3raegoT Ha cegHaTaTa ^urypa og npMKa^aHMTe »Kaxnu«, u Toa npeg ce Bp3 6a3a Ha noKpueHocTa Ha ^hototo Hej3MHo Teno co BHaKHa, 3ooMop^HuoT M3raeg Ha Ho3eTe, a goHeKage u no M3Beg6aTa Ha gnaHKMTe u cronanaTa, hum npcTu noBeKe HanuKyBaaT Ha ^mbotmhckm KaH^ (ch. 1, 2). MgeHTu^MKa^jaTa Ha oBoj hmk co HeKoe KoHKpeTHo ^mbotho Mo«e ga ce HacoHM npeKy BepTMKaHHaTa gucno3M^ja Ha ^urypaTa u KpaTKuoT onam, kom HajMHory aco^paaT Ha MeHKa. Bo npunor Ha BaKBoTo onpegenyBafte, Mo^eMe ga npu-no^uMe noBeKe apryMeHTu. Me^Ka Bo paMKMTe Ha cnoBeHcKMTe Tpagu^u, MeHKaTa e egHoTo og HajcBeTMTe ^mbot-hm, npu mTo TaKBuoT KapaKTep e HaraaceH go cTeneH Ha o6oroTBopeHocT T.e. ugeH-Tu^MKa^ja co 6o^ecTBo. nocTojaT BepyBafta T.e. npegaHuja cnopeg kom MeHKaTa HeKoram 6una 6or, HoBeK, na gypu u cBemTeHMK. OBue Tpagu^u ce nonoBo onpe-geneHM T.e. HacoHeHM nogegHaKBo u koh MeHKaTa-Ma^jaK u koh MeHKaTa-^eHKa.25 Bo oBaa npuHMKa, BHMMaHueTo Ke ro HacoHMMe koh ^eHcKMTe acneKTM kom ce Bp3yBaaT 3a gpyruTe, norope o6pa6oTeHM aTpu6yTM. Me^Ka - «eHa - gojKM - goeae. HoBeHKoTo noTeKHo Ha MeHKaTa, Mery gpyroTo ce goKa^yBa co BepyBaftaTa cnopeg kom, aKo Ha ^eHKa Ha MeHKa u ce oTcTpaHM Kp3HoTo, nog Hero Ke ce nojaBaT 6enu gojKM, chmhhm KaKo Kaj ^eHaTa. Mcto TaKa, ce BepyBano geKa MeHKaTa ru gou MeHMftaTa mcto KaKo mTo MajKaTa ru gou cBouTe ge^.26 BaKBM-ot ^eHcKM u MajHMHcKM KapaKTep Ha MeHKaTa ro ogpa3yBaaT u npegaHujaTa bo kom noB^Te, nog Kp3HoTo Ha y6ueHaTa MeHKa oTKpuBaaT ^eHa bo ^ycTaH 6e3 paKaBM. OBoj ogHoc e ogpa3eH u bo BepyBaftaTa cnopeg kom, goKoHKy ^eHa bo myMa HaneTa Ha 22 Bafle^oBa 2009, 323. 23 CaHMKoBa - Yca^oBa 2001, 34, 35. 24 3eHeBMh 1969, 337; 3eHeBuh 1981, 18. 25 rypa 2005, 117, 118. 26 rypa 2005, 119. MeHKa, HajcurypHo MO»e ga ro cnpenu Hej3MHMOT Hanag aKO ru pa3ronu u u ru noKa^e cBOMTe gojKu.27 Me^Ka - geBojKa - HeBecTa - CBeKpBa. OBoj ogHOc ro ogpa3yBaaT 6pojHu Tpa-gu^uu noBp3aHu co ugeHTu^uKa^ujaTa Ha Mnago^eHe^T u HeBecTaTa (na gypu u Ha cuTe cBaToBu) co Me^Ka, mTo ce MaHu^ecrupa npeKy hubhoto HapeKyBarae »MeHKu« u npegaHujaTa bo kou Tue ce npeTBopaaT bo MeHKu. nocTojaT cTopuu 3a Toa KaKo ^OB^u y6uBaaT MeHKa u noToa oTKpuBaaT geKa Toa BcymHocT 6una HeBecTa unu cBaKa Koja 3a BpeMe Ha cBag6aTa ce npeTBopuna bo MeHKa. Bo HeKou cBag6eHu o6pegu, MajKaTa Ha HeBecTaTa unu Ha Mnago^eHe^T ru goneKyBana MnaguTe o6neneHa bo npeBpTeH Ko^yB u my6apa (rayMejKu geKa e MeHKa), npu mTo npucyTHuTe u eKc^^u^uTHO ja HapeKyBane »MeHKa«.28 EgHa nereHga pacKa^yBa KaKo bo MeHKa Ke ce npeTBopu ge-BojKa Koja nepe ^pHa BonHa (Bugu ro HapegHuoT nacyc). BpaHHaTa cuM6onuKa Ha oBue Tpagu^uu e uM^^u^uTHO npucyTHa u bo egHa KaTeropuja pycKu npuKa3Hu bo kou ce 36opyBa 3a cTape^T Koj, ru Hocu, egHa no egHa, cBouTe KepKu bo myMcKaTa KyKapKa 3a TaMy ga npegaT. Ha nonHoK hub ru noceTyBa Ma^jaK Ha MeHKa u ru Tepa ga urpa-aT co Hero »KpueHKa-Mu^eHKa« (cnopeg Hame Mucnerae, KaKo MeTa^opa Ha HeKaKoB epoTcKu huh).29 Me^Ka - TeKCTMn - ^eHa. OBaa pe^a^uja Hajgo6po ja npeTcraByBaaT HeKonKy Ba-pujaHTu og egHa nereHga, 3a6ene^eHu bo 6yrapcKuTe u cpncKuTe Tpagu^uu. Bo hub, MaKeaTa ja ucnpaKa geBojKaTa (nopeTKo cBeKpBaTa ja ucnpaKa cHaaTa) Ha peKa ga nepe ^pHa BonHa u Toa ce gogeKa Taa He cTaHe 6ena KaKo cHer. OnajHa og gonroTo neperae, geBojKaTa ro Monu Bora ga ja npeTBopu bo MeHKa, npu mTo Mon6aTa u ce ucnonHyBa. Bo gpyru BapujaHTu, u3ManeHaTa cHaa ro 3aMonuna Bora Hea ga ja npeTBopu bo He-KaKBo ^ubotho, ro noKpuna cBojoT rp6 co ^pHaTa BonHa u ce npeTBopuna bo MeHKa. Cnopeg gpyru 6yrapcKu u MaKegoHcKu BapujaHTu, coBeTyBaHa og crape^T Koj TyKa noMuHyBan (unu cnopeg cohot mTo ro coHuna), Taa ce co6neKna, no^Hana ga ce TpKa-na no BonHaTa u ce npeTBopuna bo MeHKa. Bo HeKou Bep3uu, crape^T ce co^anun u Hej3uHaTa BonHa ja npeTBopun bo 3naTo. CnegHuoT geH, naKoMaTa MaKea ja ucnpaTuna Ha neperae cBojaTa KepKa Koja cTape^T, nopagu Hej3uHaTa rpy6ocT, Ke ja npeTBopu bo MeHKa.30 OBoj ogHoc ro unycrpupa rope HaBegeHaTa npuKa3Ha 3a KepKuTe Ha cTape^T kou npu npegeraeTo bo myMcKaTa KyKapKa ru noceTyBa MeHKa, KaKo u HeKou gpyru pycKu npuKa3Hu bo kou ^HTpanHo gejcTBue e hoKhoto npegerae MeHKuHa BonHa. Kaj pycKoTo HaceneHue bo Cu6up, ucTaTa nocTanKa 6una 3anyBaHa u bo Bug Ha o6pegHo npegerae MeHKuHa BonHa u Toa 3apagu 3roneMyBarae Ha nnogHocra Ha MnaguTe ^eHu u Ha go6uToKoT.31 Bo genoBu Ha Byrapuja u Cp6uja, 3a npa3HuKoT Cb. AHgpej (noKpoBuTen Ha MeH-KuTe), 3a 1 MapT (geH Ha Koj ce cMeTano geKa MeHKuTe ce 6ygaT og 3umckuot coh), unu bo TeKoT Ha cuTe MapToBcKu ca6oTu, noKpaj gpyru Ta6ya, 6une oco6eHo HaraaceHu 3a6paHuTe 3a pa6oTa co TeKcTun (npegerae, TKaerae, Kpnerae, muerae, xeKnarae u gp.), ce co go6uToKoT ga ce 3amTuTu og Hanag Ha MeHKa.32 Bo MaKegoHuja, neKyBaraeTo 27 rypa 2005, 122, 126. 28 rypa 2005, 122-124; YcneHcKMM 1982, 163-166; TcOTy6KoBa 2002, 49-51; TeopraeBa 1983, 51, 52. 29 noiy6KoBa 2002, 49-51. 30 rypa 2005, 119; Bpa^MHoBcKM 1998, Tom II, 152, 153; ^op^eBMh 1958, 252, 253. 31 noiy6KoBa 2002, 49-51. 32 rypa 2005, 127. npegunKaTa co 30o-aHTponoMop^HM u geMOHCKM o6ene®ja bo cnoBeHcKuTe mmtckm TpagM^MM npeKy ra3eae Ha 6onHuoT og cTpaHa Ha Me^Ka BooÖMHaeHo ce KoMneH3upano npeKy gapyBaae pyHo BonHa.33 TyKa npMKa^aHMTe Tpagu^u ynaTyBaaT Ha Mo^HocTa geKa Ha »KaxnuTe« og npara e npMKa^aH geMoHCKM ^eHCKM nuK og KaTeropujaTa »myMCKa ^eHa« npeTCTa-BeHa rona, co HarnaceHu gojKu u Teno co HarnaceHu gMMeH3MM, oöpacHaTo co Kp3Ho. He e ucKnyneHo, Taa ga 6una npuKa^aHa bo Hej3MHaTa 3ooMop^Ha enu^aHuja bo Bug Ha Me^Ka unu Ha ^eHa gononHeTa co HeKou genoBM og TenoTo Ha Me^Ka. 4. Mmtckm hmkobm og KaTeropujaTa »^eHCKM geMOHM Ha KyKaTa« Bo paMKuTe Ha cnoBeHcKuTe Tpagu^u, bo pena^ja co TeKcTunHuTe gejHocTu e ymTe egHa KaTeropuja ^hcku mutcku nuKoBu. MaKo oBoj naT ce Bp3yBaaT 3a KyKaTa, Tue noKa^yBaaT cnu^HocTu co npeTxogHuTe myMcKu nuKoBu u Toa bo cnegHuTe acneKTu: - rno6aneH HeraTuBeH (unu 6apeM aM6uBaneHTeH) KapaKTep; - 3ooMop^eH u3rneg; - BpcKu co TeKcTunHoTo npou3BoTcTBo. а) KMKMMopa KuKuMopa (unu fflumuMopa) e no3HaTa bo Tpagu^uTe Ha PycuTe u BenopycuTe u Toa KaKo Mano ^hcko cymTecTBo (necTo u HeBugnuBo), Koe npecTojyBa bo KyKaTa. HeKoram ce jaByBa u bo 300M0p^eH oöhmk (KaKo cBuaa, Kyne, 3ajaK unu naTKa), npu mTo ro npe^epupa nogpyMoT u gpyru Bna^Hu u TeMHu MecTa. Hej3uHaTa BpcKa co TeKCTMnoT m BnaKHaTa ja ogpa3yBaaT BepyBaaaTa cnopeg kou Taa e BuHoBHa 3a onaraaeTo Ha BnaKHaTa Kaj nyreTo u ^uBoTHuTe: Ha goMaKuHoT My ja cKy6e KocaTa, Ha KoKomKuTe - nepgyBuTe, a Ha oB^Te - pyHoTo u og Hero npaBu nocTena 3a go-6utokot.34 npegeaeTO m mweaeTO ce BcymHocT ocHoBHuTe o6ene^ja Ha KuKuMopa. HoKe Taa ce urpa co ^ypKaTa, co BpeTeHoTo u co nperaTa, a Mo^e u ga ja gonpege nperaTa HaMecTo goMaKuHKaTa (cnopegu ja ^pa3aTa »cnu öeBymKa, KUKUMOpa 3a meöx cnpxöem«).3 Ho, ymTe nonecTo, Taa uMa HeraTuBeH ogHoc koh nperaTa, oco6eHo oHaa mTo 6una ocTaBeHa npeKy hok 6e3 6narocnoB. TaKBaTa npera ja KuHe, ja nuraBu u ja Mpcu, a nperaTa og KoHon ja nanu. flogeKa npege, nocTojaHo noTcKoKHyBa, npu mTo KOHe^OT ro HaMoTyBa o6paTHo og nponumaHoTo - og gecHo koh neBo. OBue aKTuBHoc-tu, bo goMoT ce MaHu^ecTupaaT npeKy cnymaae Ha HeKaKBo TauHcTBeHo 6pMHeae, cnu^Ho Ha 3ByK Koj ce co3gaBa 3a BpeMe Ha npegeaeTo. KuKuMopa ce o6ugyBa u ga mue, ho maBoBuTe u ce ceKoram HepaMHu (cnopegu ja pycKaTa nocnoBu^: »Om ku-KUMOpu pyöaxu He doMÖembCH«.36 3a6ene^eH e o6peg bo Koj cTapu ^eHu, MacKupaHu KaKo KuKuMopa (o6neneHu bo cTapa o6neKa), cegHyBane Ha nernoTo Hag KyKHaTa nen-Ka u npegene gp^ejKu ja ^ypKaTa Mery Ho3e.37 б) flOMOBMXa Bo pycKuTe Tpagu^u, floMoBuxa e goMameH geMoHcKu nuK co ^hcku non, no3HaT u no uMuaaTa MogoBMxa, goMOBMHKa, goMOBMnwxa, goMaxa, xo3HMKa. He- 33 Bpa^uHoBcKu 1998, TOM II, 154. 34 geBKueBcKaa 19996, 494, 495; ^eBKueBcKa 2001, 266, 267. 35 MBaHoB - TonopoB 1983, 186. 36 geBKueBcKaa 19996, 495; fleBKueBcKa 2001, 267; MBaHoB - TonopoB 1995a, 222. 37 geBKueBcKaa 19996, 494. Kage ce onpegenyBa KaK0 ^eHa unu KepKa Ha MamKuoT goMameH geM0H g0M0BMK, a HeKage u KaKo 3ace6H0 cymTecTBo (oco6eHo aK0 bo KyKaTa HeMa Ma^u). Cnopeg HeKou cbou o6ene^ja, Taa e 6nucKa Ha KuKUMopa, a HeKage ce cMeTa u 3a Hej3UH eKBUBaneHT. CnuHHo Ha Hea, npege (necTo nog nogoT Ha KyKaTa ogHocHo bo nogpyM0T) u Toa 0Haa npera Koja 6una ocTaBeHa npeKy hok. Co npegeae ce 3aHUMaBa u floMOBOM - MamKuoT eKBUBaneHT Ha fl0M0BUxa.38 b) M0K0ma/M0Kyma MoKoma e ^eHCKU mmtckm nuK, bo 0cH0Ba MHory cnuneH unu coceM aHanoreH Ha gBaTa npeTxogHU, Koj go cpeguHaTa Ha 19. BeK 6un 3anyBaH bo ^onKnopHUTe Tpa-gu^uu Ha ceBepHa u ceBepo3anagHa Pycuja u yKpauHa.39 Bo Hepen0BegcKMM ye3g 6une eBugeHTupaHU BepyBaaa 3a HenucTUoT gyx MoKomá Koja ^UBee bo KyKaTa, ho He npunara Ha KaTeropujaTa goMamHU gyxoBU (K0HKpeTH0 »g0M0BUxa«). npeTCTaBy-BaHa e bo Bug Ha ^eHa co roneMa rnaBa, pacnymTeHa Koca u gonru pa^. Taa caKa ga ja npege HoKe 0Ha neHeHa npera (Ky^enb) Hag Koja, og cTpaHa Ha ^eHUTe He e U3peneHa MonuTBa. 3aToa ce Beneno »He ocmaBnxû KyMnx, a mo MoKoma onpxöem«.40 Bo noBeKe MecTa og OpoHe^KaH ry6epHMH, nocToeno BepyBaae cnopeg Koe »MoKyma BenuKUM nocmoM o6xodum doMa u 6ecn0K0um npxdyw,ux weHW,UH. Ecnu npxxu öpeMnrnm, a Be-pemeHO Bepmumcx, mo ^0B0pxm nmo 3a hux npxna MoKyma«.41 BpcKaTa Ha MoKyma co npegeaeTo ja ogpa3yBaaT u Tpagu^uuTe noBp3aHU co BonHaTa. Bo ogHoc Ha nuHeaeTo Ha Hecrpu^eHUTe 0B^u, ce BepyBano geKa hub ru cTpu^e MoKyma (»Oû MoKyma cmpUMem OBem). 3a BpeMe Ha crpu^eaeTo Ha 0B^UTe nocToen o6unaj, bo H0ÄU^UTe ga ce cTaBU ManKy BonHa, u Toa KaKo egeH Bug ^pTBa HaMeHeTa Ha MoKyma. ^eHUTe og 0Bue KpaumTa ro npeno3HaBane npucycTB0T0 Ha MoKyma unu MaKoma cnopeg 6pMHeaeT0 Ha BpeTeH0T0 u onagHaTaTa BonHa Ha ob-^UTe.42 ^onKnopHUTe Tpagu^uu 3a mmtckmot nuK MoKyma ce oco6eHo 3HanajHU, 3aToa mT0 0B03M0^yBaaT noBp3yBaae Ha roneM gen og TyKa HaBegeHaTa rpara co cn0BeH-CKaTa naraHcKa M0K0m, nuj TeoHUM ce jaByBa bo HeKonKy cpegH0BeK0BHU U3Bopu gaTupaHU Mery 10 - 17. BeK, na u ^ogo^Ha, ho npu Toa 6e3 eKC^nu^UTHU mh-guKaTopu bo ogHoc Ha Hej3UHU0T KapaKTep u ^yH^uu.43 TyKa npuKa^aHaTa ^onK-nopHa rpara 0B03M0^yBa, oBoj nuK ga ce noBp3e co ^eHCKUTe TeKcTunHU gejHocTU u K0HKpeTH0 co npegeaeTo.44 Toa hu gaBa apryMeHTU 3a npeTnocTaBKa geKa u Ha npu-Ka^aHUTe »Kaxnu« og npara M0^e6u He 6un npeTcraBeH geM0HcKU nuK og THp. »Hurna MUTonoruja«, TyKy 300M0p^HaTa unu 3oo-aHTponMop^HaTa enu^aHuja Ha nuK co Te-uctuhku 6ene3U. TyKa MucnuMe Ha naraHcKaTa 6o^u^ MoKom Koja, cygejKu cnopeg 3anyBaHUTe numaHU U3Bopu, bo BTopaTa nonoBUHa Ha 1S. BeK ce ymTe nocToena bo 38 fleBKueBcKas 1999a, 120-124. 39 3a pena^MMTe Mery KuKMMopa m MoKyma: MBaHGB - TonopoB 1983, 18S-186. 40 MBaHGB - TonopoB 1983, 182 (cnopeg M. K. repacuMGB); MBaHGB - TonopoB 199S6, 264, 26S; Tpy6a^eB, ^muMono^u^ecKUû, Tgm 19, 131-133. 41 MBaHGB - TonopoB 1983, 182 (cnopeg E. B. EapcoB); bo BanKaHCKMGT ^GflKnop, geBojKaTa bg BaKBa CMTya^Mja 6una MccMeBaHa (Mapa3GB 1992, 189). 42 MBaHGB - TonopoB 1983, 182 (cnopeg B. n. BnaguMupGB). 43 3a M3BopuTe m hmbhgtg TGnKyBaae: MBaHGB - TonopoB 1983, 178-181; Pbi6aK0B 1981, 379-392. 44 3a eBeHTyanHMTe eTUMGnomKM pena^MM Ha TeGHUMGT MoKom co TeKCTunHMTe gejHGCTu: Tpy6a^eB, ^muM. cnoeapb, Tgm 19, 133; MBaHGB - TonopoB 1983, 194. npegunKaTa co 30o-aHTponoMop^HM m geMoHcKM o6efle®ja bo cnoBeHcKMTe mmtckm TpagM^MM enoBeHeKaTa KynTypHa MeMopuja, aKo He bo Bug Ha KynT, Toram 6apeM Ha hubo Ha pa3Hu npegaHuja u cyeBepuja. r) flpyru npuMepu Bo yKpauHa ce BepyBano geKa HoKe (oco6eHo bo neToijuTe), bo KyKaTa ce aK-tubhu HoKHuTe ^eHcKu cymTecTBa Hmhkh, og kou ^eHUTe ja Kpuene cBojaTa neHeHa npera, nnamejKu ce geKa oBue ceTa Ke um ja ucnpegaT.45 Bo CnoBeHuja TaKoB KapaKTep Hocu TopKa Koja uMa u3rneg Ha ^ubotho u qy-goBumTe, a ^uBee Ha TaBaHoT unu 3ag ne^KaTa. BaKBuoT geMoHcKu u ^mbotmhckm KapaKTep, KaKo u noKpoBUTencTBo bo ogHoc Ha npegeaeTo, ro unycrpupaaT npega-HujaTa KaKo Taa ru pacrprayBa HenocnymHUTe geBojKu u ^eHu kou He ru nonuTyBane 3a6paHuTe 3a npegeae (ru rnoga unu um ro ogBojyBa MecoTo og KocKuTe). CnuHHa Ha Hea e u KBaTpHu^ (Kvatrnica, Kvatrna baba) u ^y^uja (Lucy; St. Lucy), npu mTo BTopaTa, ocBeH bo CnoBeHuja e eBugeHTupaHa u bo HemKa, MopaBuja, genoBu Ha yH-rapuja, XpBaTcKa, genoBu Ha BocHa u BojBoguHa (Mery gpyroTo Taa um ce 3aKaHyBa Ha ge^Ta geKa Ke ru uccrpu^e).46 Bo KoHTeKcT co npeTxogHo o6pa6oTeHuTe nuKoBu og KaTeropujaTa »myMcKu ^eHu«, bo oBaa rpyna Mo^eMe ga ja BKnynuMe u Ba6a Jara u Toa no HeKonKy ochobu: -cTpamHuoT geMoHcKu u3rneg; - orpoMHuTe gojKu; - arpecuBHocTa bo ogHoc Ha nyreTo (oco6eHo ge^Ta); - npecroj bo myMcKa KyKapKa. Bo oBoj cnynaj e oco6eHo Ba^Ho mTo ^yH^uuTe Ha oBoj nuK, bo Bonme6HuTe npuKa3Hu noKa^yBaaT eKBuBaneHTHocT co oHue Ha Me^KaTa u Ha ^emuj.47 5. XpMCTMjaHCKM CBeTUTenKU Bo HayKaTa nocTou cTaB geKa gen og ^yH^uuTe u o6pegHuTe aKTuBHocTu noB-p3aHu co naraHcKaTa 6o^u^ MoKom u gpyruTe norope npuKa^aHu mutcku nuKoBu, no noKpcryBaK>eTo ce npeHene Ha xpucTujaHcKaTa cBeTuTenKa Cb. neTKa/napacKe-Ba.48 Bo npunor Ha Toa, a bo KoHTeKcT Ha HamaTa TeMa, Mo^aT ga ce HaBegaT HeKonKy apryMeHTu kou ce ogHecyBaaT Ha pena^jaTa Cb. neTKa - BnaKHa - Koca - BonHa -TeKCTUn. HacnpoTu KaHoHcKuTe onucu Ha Cb. neTKa T.e. Cb. üapacKeBa (BcymHocT gBe pa3nu^Hu cBeTuTenKu co uMe üapacKeBa), Taa bo HapogHuTe Tpagu^u ce npeTcraBy-Bana co o6ene^ja TunuHHu 3a norope HaBegeHuTe geMoHcKu ^hcku nuKoBu (BucoKa, co gonra u pacnymTeHa Koca u roneMu gojKu kou ru npe^pna Ha rp6). Bo 19. BeK, bo yKpauHcKuTe puTyanu Hea ja 3acTanyBana ^eHa Koja 3a npa3HuKoT Ha oBaa cBeTuTenKa 6una BogeHa hu3 cenaTa, coogBeTHo KocTuMupaHa u co pa36ymaBeHa Koca. floMUHaT-hu ^yH^uu Ha oBaa cBeTuTenKa bo paMKuTe Ha HapogHuTe Tpagu^u ce npegeaeTo u mMeaeTo, kou Haj^ecro ce MaHu^ecrupaaT npeKy 3a6paHuTe 3a npaKTuKyBaae Ha oBue aKTuBHocTu bo neToK, T.e. geHoT nocBeTeH Ha Hea. OBaa ^yH^uja ja ogpa3yBa-aT u pena^uTe Ha Cb. neTKa co KocaTa u BoonmTo co BnaKHaTa, MaHu^ecTupaHu 45 BaneH^oBa 2009, 322, 323. 46 3a oBMe m cammhm Ha hmb mmtckm amkobm: Mencej 2010; Pavlic 2011, 53-55; BaneH^oBa 2004, 160-162. 47 rony6KüBa 2002, 49, 50; Prop 1990, 111-125; MBaHüB - TonopoB 1983, 193. 48 MBaHüB - TonopoB 1983, 191, 192; fleBKMeBcKaa - ToncTaa 2004, 631, 632; YcneHcKMM 1982, 134-138; PbróaKoB 1981, 387-392. npeKy pacnneTeHaTa Koca Ha ^eHaTa mTo ja 3acTanyBana bo o6peguTe, KaKo u npeKy 3a6paHMTe, Ha Hej3MHMoT geH ^eHMTe ga ja qemnaaT cBojaTa Koca. Ce BepyBano geKa oHue ^eHM kom He ru noquTyBaaT oBue Ta6ya, BcymHocT ja 6ogaT Cb. neTKa co cBouTe BpeTeHa, ja npegaT Hej3MHaTa Koca u u ru nonHaT oquTe co ny3gep (KoHonHu u neHeHM MBepKu).49 Ha oBaa cBeTMTenKa u 6mh nocBeTeH 14 oktombpm, HapeKyBaH ymTe u na-pacKeBa - ibHaHi-^a mhm napacKeBa - TpenanbHu^. Toj geH BcymHocT 3anoHHyBan npo^coT Ha o6pa6oTKa Ha tohot m nogroToBKaTa Ha neHeHaTa npera, a BeqepTa ce op-raHM3upano u kotoktmbho npege^e.50 BnucKocTa Ha oBaa cBeTMTenKa co gpyruTe no-rope npuKa^aHu hmkobm ja ogpa3yBaaT u Hej3MHMTe pe^a^MM co MeqKaTa u co MoKom, Ha mTo yKa^ane noBeKeMMHa goceramHu ucrpa^yBaHM.51 HeKou og hmb KoHKpeTHo ynaTyBaaT Ha Mo^HocTa geKa gpeBHaTa 6o^u^-npegunKa Kaj McroHHMTe CnoBeHM MMana M3raeg (T.e. xunocTa3a) Ha MeqKa.52 Bo 3anagHa u CpegHa EBpona, eKBMBaneHT Ha Cb. neTKa e Cb. EepTa, que MMe, cnopeg HeKou TonKyBaraa, ce noBp3yBa co KopeHoT ber - Koj u geHec, bo noBeKe ja3M^M e cogp^aH bo neKceMMTe kom o3HaqyBaaT MeqKa. Cnopeg HeKou npeTnocTaBKu, Toj 6mh npucyTeH u bo npacnoBeHcKMTe Ha3MBa 3a MeqKa (oTTyKa pyc. 6epno^a = nerao Ha MeqKa; jy^. chob. 6pno^), ho nopagu Ta6yupaK>e e 3aMeHeT co onucHoTo MedBed (= oHoj Koj ro 3Hae, mhm ro jage MegoT).53 Bo npunor Ha BaKBuoT KapaKTep Ha Cb. BepTa Mo^aT ga ce 3eMaT u Hej3MHMTe pe^a^MM co TyKa HaBegeHMTe ^yH^uu (TeKcTMHHu gejHocTu, geMoHcKM M3raeg u cBojcTBa), a Mery gpyroTo u npecToj bo nemTepu.54 6. AHanoruu a) ApTeMuga EpaypoHuja M noKpaj Toa mTo bo MHTep^peTa^MMTe Ha npuKa^aHMTe apxeonomKM npeg-MeTM u Ha HaBegeHMTe ^onKnopHM TpagM^MM goMMHupa egHa MomHe npamaTMHHa gejHocT KaKo mTo e npegeraeTo (mhm bo rao6anHM paMKM TeKcrunHoTo npou3BogcTBo), 3ag Hea cTojaT HeKou gpyru, MHory noManKy yTunuTapHM, ho He u noManKy Ba^HM c^epu Ha KynTypaTa. CuTe Tue ce o6eguHyBaaT nog egHa 3aegHMHKa T.e. ceon^aTHa c^epa Koja Mo:®e ga ce onpegenu KaKo uHu^ja^ja Ha geBojKaTa, mhm Hej3MH npe-muh og geTe bo geBojKa u og geBojKa bo «eHa T.e. conpyra. KaKo napagurMa bo ogHoc Ha oBaa c^epa Mo^aT ga ce HaBegaT gpeBHorpqKMTe TpagM^MM noBp3aHM co ApTeMuga EpaypoHuja, Kage ce cogp^aHM HeKonKy og Knyq-HMTe KoMnoHeHTM kom ce ogHecyBaaT Ha norope ena6opupaHaTa cnoBeHcKa rpara: -myMa T.e. nnaHMHa; - ^mbothm (m KoHKpeTHo - MeqKa); - TpaHc^opMa^Mja og geBojKa bo MeqKa u o6paTHo; - npeMMH og geTe bo geBojKa u og geBojKa bo ^eHa; - TeKcTMHHu gejHocTu. ApTeMuga e Ha guBaTa npupoga (Ha myMaTa, nnaHMHaTa) og mTo Bcym- HocT u npou3neryBaaT Hej3MHMTe ^yH^uu Ha noKpoBMTenKa Ha hobot m Ha guBMTe ^mbothm. Cnopeg oBa o6ene^je, Taa e 6nucKa Ha cnoBeHcKMTe geMoHcKM hmkobm og 49 geBKMeBcKas - ToncTas 2004, 631, 632; YcneHcKMM 1982, 134-138; MBaHoB - TonopoB 19956, 265. 50 BaneH^oBa 2009, 323. 51 YcneHcKMM 1982, 134-138; MBaHoB - TonopoB 1983, 191-193; Pbi6aKoB 1981, 387-392; neTpyxMH 2009, 338. 52 rony6KoBa 2002, 50, 51. 53 rony6KoBa 2002, 50, 51; Pw6aKoB 1981, 102; Tpy6aqeB, ^muM. cnoeapb, Tom 18, 65, 66 (*medvedb). 54 3a BepTa: Mencej 2010. npegu^KaTa co 3oo-aHTponoMop^HM m geMOHcKM o6ene»ja bo cnoBeHcKMTe mmtckm TpagM^MM TunoT »myMcKu«/»guBu »eHu«. MaKo eTUMonorujaTa Ha Hej3MHMOT TeoHUM He e cu-rypHO onpegeneHa, KaKo mo»hm ce HaBegyBaaT u pena^uTe co MeHKaTa (ark-temnis, KaKo »cBeTunumTe Ha MeHKaTa« unu »oHaa Koja ro BocnocTaByBa/mTUTu cBeTunum-TeTo Ha Me^KaTa«).55 Bo MuToBuTe, Taa Ke ja y6ue HUM^aTa KanucTo (Hej3uHa npu-gpy»HUHKa T.e. xunocTa3a) Koja npeg Toa 6una npeTBopeHa bo MeHKa, u Toa nopagu Hej3uHoTo npeKpmyBaae Ha 3aBeToT 3a geBcTBeHocT.56 Bo MecHocTa BpaypoH Ha ATuKa, ce Haorano cBeTunumTe Ha ApTeMuga Bpaypo-Huja, bo Koe Ha pa3Hu HaHUHu e MaHu^ecTupaHa BpcKaTa Ha oBaa 6o»u^ co MeHKaTa: - bo cBeTunumTeTo ce nyBana npunuToMeHa MeHKa; - noKpaj gpyruTe ^peMOHuu, bo Hero HeKoe BpeMe npecrojyBane aTuHcKuTe geBoj^uaa Ha Bo3pacT Mery neT u geceT roguHu, kou bo TeKoT Ha Toj nepuog ce HapeKyBaHu »MeHKu« (arktoi); - 3a BpeMe Ha npa3HuKoT BpaypoHuu, ogp»yBaH ceKou 4 roguHu, oBue geBoj^uaa peanu3upane He-KaKBu ^peMOHuu bo HecT Ha ApTeMuga; - npu Toa Hocene o6neKa o6oeHa co ma^paH, Koja Tpe6ana ga um gage u3raeg Ha MeHKu; - ceKoja aTuHcKa geBojKa, npeg ga ce oMa»u, Mopana ga cTaHe »MeHKa«, ogHocHo nneH Ha oBaa caKpanHa 3aegHu^. Cnopeg egHo npegaHue, oBoj KynT ce npaKTUKyBan KaKo Ka3Ha, nopagu Toa mTo bo MuHaToTo gBaj-^ aTuHcKu Ma»u ja y6une MeHKaTa KojamTo u 6una nocBeTeHa Ha oBaa 6o»u^.57 Bo paMKuTe Ha oBoj KynT nocroena u ^peMOHuja bo Koja MnaguTe ynecHu^ ja cuMHy-Bane »MeHemKaTa o6neKa«, BepojaTHo KaKo 3HaK Ha 3aBpmyBaK>eTo Ha uHu^ja^jaTa. Cnopeg HeKou u3Bopu, u M^ureHuja 6una »epTByBaHa Ha oBa cBeTunumTe (u Toa KaKo 3aMeHa 3a MeHKa) npu mTo, 3a BpeMe Ha peanu3a^jaTa Ha oBoj hmh, Taa ycneana ga ce u3MonKHe og cBojaTa o6neKa.58 OBue nocTanKu Mo»aT ga ce cTaBaT bo pena^ja co HaBegeHuTe cnoBeHcKu npegaHuja 3a noB^Te kou, no y6uBaK>eTo Ha MeHKa bo myMaTa, oTKpuBaaT geKa Toa e BcymHocT MacKupaHa geBojKa T.e. HeBecTa. Og KnyHHo 3HaneH.e 3a HameBo ucTpa»yBan>e ce penaiiuuTe Ha ApTeMuga co TeKcTunoT, u oco6eHo co npegeaeTo. Bo npunor Ha oBa Mo»aT ga ce HaBegaT noBeKe apryMeTHu. üpBo, Toa ce 6pojHu apxeonomKu Haogu (BpeTeHa u TeroBu 3a pa36oj) npo-HajgeHu KaKo npuno3u bo cBeTunumTaTa Ha OBaa 6o»u^, a noToa u Hej3uHu hmkobhm npeTcTaBu (oco6eHo TunuHHu 3a KopuHTcKuTe cnuKaHu Ba3u), Ha kou Taa e npuKa»a-Ha KaKo gp»u BpeTeHo, bo ynora Ha TKajaHKa Ha HOBeKOBaTa cyg6uHa.59 roBopejKu 3a gpeBHorpHKUTe napanenu, Tpe6a ga ce cnoMeHaT u TpuTe Mojpu (HeKage npeTcTaBeHu KaKo Tpu cecTpu co cne^^uHHu uMuaa) kou co cnoBeHcKUTe Tpagu^u ru noBp3yBa HuBHaTa ^yH^uja Ha npegaHKu, (oco6eHo Khoto - Koja ro npege KOHe^OT Ha »mbotot), HuBHaTa geMOHcKa npupoga, ^aKTOT mTo ce crapu^, »uBeaT bo nemTepa, KaKo u pena^uTe Ha hubhoto 3aegHUHKo uMe co HeKou og npu-Ka»aHuTe cnoBeHcKu hmkobm (KuKuMopa u aHanorauoT goMameH geMOH Mopa). flen og OBue o6ene»ja ce ogHecyBaaT u Ha puMcKuTe üapKu, KaKo u Ha cKaHguHaBcKuTe HopHu.60 55 Cult of Artemis 2012, (cnopeg J. D. Nighes,). 56 CpejoBuh - ^pMaHOBuh 1987, 191. 57 Cult of Artemis 2012; 3a^eB 2005, 122-123; YcneHcKMM 1982, 166. Ce cMeTa geKa OBue TpagM^MM npe»MBeane go geHec Ha octpobot KpuT m Toa npeKy noHMTyBa&eTo Ha Boropogu^ (»Virgin Mary of the Bear«) (Baring - Cashford 1993, 326). 58 Cult of Artemis 2012 (cnopeg T. C. W. Stinton; M. Walbank). 59 Cult of Artemis 2012; Baring - Cashford 1993, 323; IOray6KOBa 2002, 49. 60 Mu$u Hap. Mupa. Tom. 2, 169, 226, 290; CpejoBuh - ^pMaHOBuh 1987, 272, 273. 6) EeHgwga MaKo He TonKy TpaHcnapeHTHO, oBue o6ene^ja u ce npunumyBaaT u Ha crapo-6anKaHCKaTa BeHguga Koja, u noKpaj cBojaTa nonu^yH^uoHanHocT, noKa- ^yBa oco6eHu pe^a^uu co ApTeMuga, u Toa npeKy cnegHuTe KOMnoHeHTu: - ^yHK-^ujaTa Ha noBe^ - 3ooMop^HuTe o6ene^ja (nucu^, manKa og nucu^); - npegefteTo; - uHu^uja^ujaTa Ha MOM^uTe (npeTBopafte bo BojHu^u npeKy KoHTaKT co opy^je) u Ha geBojKuTe (TpaHc^opMa^uja bo conpyru npeKy npegefteTo).61 Bo egeH u3Bop, Butu-HujcKaTa BeHguga e npuKa^aHa KaKo egHoBpeMeHo nace cBuftu u npege.62 OBa ja cTa-Ba bo HenocpegHa BpcKa co rope HaBegeHuTe cnoBeHcKu npegaHuja, bo kou MuTcKuTe hukobu og KaTeropujaTa »guBa ^eHa« um noMaraaT Ha geBojKuTe kou ucro TaKa uMane 3agon^eHue ga ro nacaT cTagoTo u ga npegaT. Co BeHguga T.e. Hej3uHuoT KynT, ce noB-p3yBa u egHa nuKoBHa npeTcTaBa (gHo Ha KoTenoT og ryHgecTpyn) Koja npuKa^yBa geBojKa co roneMu BnaKHecra rpagu, mTo 6u 6uno bo pe^a^uja co ena6opupaHaTa Ka-Teropuja ^eHcKu myMcKu geMoHu.63 napanenHaTa BpcKaTa Ha BeHguga co 6paHHuTe c^epu u co TeKcranHuTe gej-hoctu, ucrpa^yBanuTe ja TpeTupaaT KaKo MaHu^ecTa^uja Ha Hej3uHaTa ^yH^uja Ha Bp3yBafte T.e. noBp3yBafte Ha MnaguTe co^py^Hu^u, mTo e ogpa3eHo u bo eraMono-rujaTa Ha Hej3uHoTo uMe (bend - Bp3yBa).64 HeKou ucrpa^yBanu ynaTyBaaT Ha mo^-huot cuHKpeTu3aM Mery CTapo6anKaHcKaTa BeHguga u TaBpujcKaTa fleBa - aBToxToHa Ha TaBpuj^uTe og CeBepHoTo ^pu^pHOMopje (raaBHo oKony KpuM).65 Ahtu-HKuTe npegaHuja ynaTyBaaT Ha HeKaKBa BpcKa Mery ApTeMuga BpaypoHuja u oBue Hej3uHu BapBapcKu eKBuBaneHTu og noHToT u BanKaHoT. Cnopeg npBoTo, Hej3uHuoT apxauneH KynT BcymHocT 3anoHHan oTKaKo OpecT ja goHen bo MecHocTa BpaypoH cTa-TyaTa Ha TaBpujcKaTa ApTeMuga.66 Cnopeg BTopoTo, caMuTe TaBpu, Hea ja u3egHany-Bane co M^ureHuja, Ha nuu pe^a^uu co ApTeMuga BpaypoHuja BeKe yKa^aBMe.67 Ha HeKaKBu pe^a^uu Mery cnoBeHcKuTe mutcku hukobu u oBoj KoMnneKc (geHec ce ymTe 3arago^Hu u xunoTeraHHu), noKpaj noconeHaTa ^onKnopHa rpara, ynaTyBa u egeH nu-maH u3Bop bo Koj 6o^u^Ta MoKom e npugpy^eHa co uMeTo fluBa. CTaHyBa 36op 3a genoTo »Chobo o6 ugonax« (15. BeK) Kage ce Benu: »...meu Me 6o^aM mpe6y Knadym u mBopxmb cnoBeHCKuu H3UK: BunaM u MaKomu u ffuBe, nepyHy. Xbpcy..«.68 OBaa gogaB-Ka Mo»e ga ce TonKyBa Ha pa3Hu HanuHu, u Toa KaKo enuTeT Ha MoKom, Hej3uHa xu-nocTa3a, eKBuBaneHT, unu KaKo 3ace6Ho 6o^ecTBo. Be3 pa3nuKa Ha KapaKTepoT Ha oBoj TeoHuM, He Tpe6a ga ce oT^pnu HeroBaTa eBeHTyanHa BpcKa co TaBpujcKaTa 61 Mapa30B 1994, 48-73. 62 Mapa30B 1994, 70. Cra^Ha c^Ha, cnoMHyBa XepogoT (Herodot, V, 12,13), oBoj naT 3a egHa najoHcKa geBojKa Koja Bogu Koft, npege u Ha raaBaTa hocm cag co Boga. Cnopeg M. Mapa30B, bo oBue cny^au, npegefteTo MO«e ga ce pa3Öepe KaKo caKpaneH mmh Koj MMa 3a ^n, bo onacHu cMTya^MM ga ro 3amTUTu «mbotot m geBCTBeHocTa Ha geBojKaTa (Mapa3oB 1992, 189, 190, 201). 63 Mapa3oB 1994, 63, 64. 64 Mapa3oB 1994, 54, 55. 65 Mapa3oB 1994, 49, 50. Bo npunor Ha oBue pe^a^MM Mo«e ga ce noco^u TonoHMMMja (co 3Ha^efte Ha Me^Ka) og HaBegeHuoT peruoH (Tpyöa^eB 1999, 139-141, 228). Bo®M^a co cra^eH TeoHMM (fluBja) e eBugeHTupaHa Ha MMKeHcKUTe rauHeHu TaönuMKu (flyeB 2010, 122, 144-148). 66 YcneHcKMM 1982, 166. 67 (Herodot, IV, 103); Mapa3oB 1992, 161. 68 MBaHoB - TonopoB 1983, 180; PbiöaKoB 1981, 381. npegunKaTa co 30o-aHTponoMop^HU u geMOHcKU o6ene®ja bo cnoBeHcKUTe mhtckh TpagH^HH fleBa, co orneg gpyruTe TyKa noconeHU pena^u, KaKO u Ba^HocTa Ha TepuTopujaTa Ha aHTUHKa TaBpuja bo ^opMupaaeTO Ha cnoBeHcKUOT eTHoc u KynTypa.69 b) flpyrw napanenw Kaj $UH0-yrpuTe ce no3HaTU HeKonKy mhtckh nuKOBU koh noKa^yBaaT jacHU pena^u co HaBegeHaTa KaTeropuja myMcKU u goMamHU geMOHU co ^hckh non, u Toa Bp3 6a3a Ha gonruTe rpagu, 300M0p^H3M0T, pena^HTe co Me^KaTa, npegeaeTO u Ha-rnaceHHTe acneKTH Ha KocaTa.70 TyKa Tpe6a ga ce cnoMeHe u cKaHguHaBcKaTa $peja.71 MaKO He hh ce no3HaTH eKcnnu^THH u HenocpegHH BpcKH Ha OBaa co TeKcTunHHTe gejHocTH, Tue MO^aT ga ce npeTnocTaBaT Bp3 6a3a Ha Hej3HHaTa BpcKa co neTOKOT (friday, frietag) KaKO geH Koj Ha Hea u 6un nocBeTeH, aHanorHO Ha cnoBeHc-KaTa Cb. neTKa. Co ena6opupaHHTe c^epu (TeKcTun, MajnuHcKH ^yH^uu) u Toa oco-6eH0 bo pena^ja co MoKom, c^aTeHa KaKO 6o^ecTB0, noKa^yBa roneMH cpogHocTH upaHcKaTa AHaxuTa (ApgBH Cypa), Ha mTO yKa^yBaaT u goceramHH ucTpa^yBanu. Bo npunor Ha OBue BpcKH ogu Hej3HH0T0 necTO ugeHTH^UKyBaae bo aHTHHKUTe H3Bopu co ApTeMuga.72 7. fleBojKa - TeKCTMHHM gejHOCTM - MHM^ja^ja TeKcTunHHTe gejHocTH ce onpegenyBaaT KaKO differentia specifica Ha ^eHaTa, u Toa og egHa crpaHa bo ogHoc Ha Ma^OT u og gpyra bo ogHoc Ha geBojKaTa. HaBegeHUTe TpagH^HH noBp3aHH co ApTeMuga BpaypoHuja ce noBp3aHH co HHHiíujaiíHjaTa Ha ge-Boj^uaaTa Koja, bo cnynajoB, ce cocToena bo hhbho H3gBojyBaae og 3aegHH^Ta, npe-crojyBaae bo cne^janHH o6jeKTH h »npeTBopaae bo Me^KU«. McraTa nocranKa e Kogu-paHa bo HaBegeHaTa npuKa3Ha 3a crape^DT Koj cBOHTe KepKu, egHa no egHa, ru hoch bo myMcKaTa KyKapKa, Kage ru noceTyBa Ma^jaK Ha Me^Ka. üpeTBopaaeTO, HMeHyBaaeTO h TpeTupaaeTO Ha geBojKHTe KaKO Me^KH, ce TonKyBa bo KOHTeKcT Ha KOH^n^jaTa de-BojKa = duBO = npupoda, Koja bo TeKOT Ha HHU^ja^jaTa Tpe6a ga ce npeTBopu bo MeHa = numoMO = Kynmypa. OBaa npeo6pa36a e KogupaHa u bo npuKa^aHHTe cnoBeHcKH TpagH^HH: - bo npegaHujaTa, geBojKaTa ce npeTBopa bo Me^Ka npeKy nepeaeTO Ha HaTa BonHa unu ogeaeTO bo myMa T.e. nnaHHHa;73 - Mnago^eHe^DT u HeBecTaTa bo TeKOT Ha cBag6eHHTe ^peMOHHH ce npeTBopaaT bo Me^KH u ce HapeKyBaaT »Me^KH«. Ha OBaa npeo6pa36a Mopa ga u npeTxogu cHM6onuHK0T0 y6uBaae Ha geBojKaTa (= y6uBaaeT0 Ha KanucTo; noceTa Ha geBojKHTe mTO npegaT bo myMcKaTa KyKapKa og crpaHa Ha Men-KaTa). Bo oboj' hhh Mo^e ga e KogupaHa u caKpanu3upaHaTa ge^nopa^ja Ha geBojKaTa, cnpoBegyBaHa KaKO xueporaMuja T.e. Hej3HH nonoB aKT co 300M0p^HaTa enu^aHuja Ha MamKHOT 6or, Ha mTO ynaTyBaaT u cnegHHBe npuMepu. Kaj necuTe u cnoBa^Te, ^eHHTe Ha noKnagu neene necHH 3a neHOT u KOHonoT, npu mTO 6uno go6po ga noTcKOKHyBaaT bo npugpy^6a Ha HOBeK MacKupaH bo Me^Ka (3a neHOT u KOHonoT ga nopacHaT noBeKe).74 69 Ahtmmkm TonoHHMH H gpyra rpara og ^pM^pH0M0pjeT0 Koja noKa^yBa pena^MM co HaBegeHHOT TeoHHM: Tpy6a^eB 1999, 44-46, 49, 145, 103, 220, 235, 236. 70 neTpyxHH 2003, 86, 89, 162, 276, 321. 71 Mu$u nap. Mupa. Tom. 2, 572. 72 Co^eT ho MomHe peneBaHTeH npuKa3 3a AHaxHTa, co npuno^eHa nuTepaTypa: Anahita 2012. Sa Hej3HHHTe pena^MM co MoKom: MBaHOB - TonopoB 1983, 194, 195. 73 rypa 2005, 124; TeoprueBa 1983, 51, 52; Mapa30B 1994, 55. 74 rypa 2005, 125. floKonKy nocne npBaTa 6paHHa hok ce noKa^e geKa HeBecTaTa He 6una geBU^, bo yK-pauHa u ce neena necHa bo Koja npegBpeMeHOTo ry6eae Ha HeBUHocTa MeTa^opuHHo e npeTcTaBeHo KaKo pacTprHyBaae Ha HeBecTaTa og cTpaHa Ha Ma^jaK og MeHKa.75 noBeKe eneMeHTU og o6pa6oTeHaTa rpara ja oTBopaaT TeMaTa 3a BpcKaTa Ha TyKa npuKa^aHUTe nuKoBu co BogaTa. KaKo mTo HanoMHaBMe, ^eHcKUTe myMcKU geMOHU npegaT cegejKu noKpaj peKa unu noTOK. floMamHUoT geMOH KuKuMopa npecTojyBa bo TeMHU u Bna^HU MecTa. BaKBUTe 6ene3U ru 3agp^ana u Cb. üeTKa - xpucTujaHcKaTa HacnegHUHKa Ha oBue ^yH^uu, Koja e 3aMucnyBaHa KaKo rocnogapKa Ha BogaTa u Ha U3BopuTe (bo Pycuja e HapeKyBaHa »3eMnxHax u Bodmax MamyrnKa«). üopagu Toa, Hej3UHU UKOHU u Kanenu Boo6uHaeHo ce nocraByBane noKpaj U3Bopu, noTo^ u 6yHa-pu. Ha geHOT Ha oBaa cBeTUTenKa, TyKa bo BogaTa ce ^pnane (unu ce ocTaBane noKpaj Hea) BonHa, koh^, Komynu, maMUu u nemKupu.76 Kaj Jy^HUTe CnoBeHU ce oco6eHo nonynapHU neKOBUTU U3Bopu nocBeTeHU Ha oBaa cBeTUTenKa, HapeKyBaHU »üeTOHHa Boga«. Bo cnoBeHcKUoT ^onKnop, ho u nomupoKo, nocTou o6eMHa rpara bo Koja BogaTa u TeKcTunHUTe gejHocTU B3aeMH0 ce npenneTyBaaT. üpegunKUTe (HajHecTo nopagu npeKpmyBaae Ha ogpegeHU cTaHgapgu) 3aBpmyBaaT KaKo gaBeHUHKU bo peKaTa, unu HaMecTo nperaTa u o6neKaTa ru nonapyBaaT bo »emKa Boga concTBeHUTe ge^.77 KaKo mTo BugoBMe, bo npuKa3HUTe u npegaHujaTa, npeo6pa36aTa Ha geBojKaTa bo MeHKa ce cnyqyBa Ha HemMa, Ha KnageHe^ unu HeKaKOB gpyr BogeH o6jeKT (npocnegeHo co npegeae unu nepeae Ha BonHaTa). OBue o6jeKTU ce TyKa npucyTHU nopagu cBoeTo nuMUHanHo 3HaHeae, 3a ga ro a^eHTupaaT npeMUHOT Ha geBojKaTa bo ^eHa.78 Bo go-ceramHUTe eTUMonomKU aHanu3U Ha TeoHUMOT MoKom oco6eHo HecTo ce anocTpo^u-paaT 3HaHeaaTa noBp3aHU co BogaTa u BnaraTa, mTo ce cMeTa 3a noKa3aTen Ha BpcKaTa Ha cnoMeHaTaTa 6o^u^ co oBoj eneMeHT.79 Pena^u co BogaTa ce eBugeHTHU u bo ogHoc Ha npuno^eHUTe aHanoruu. BogaTa UMana roneMa Ba^HocT bo peanu3a^jaTa Ha KynTOBUTe Ha ApTeMuga, nopagu mTo u Hej3UHUTe KynTHU MecTa HajHecTo ce Haorane noKpaj BogeHU o6jeKTU (peKU, MOHy-pumTa). M cBeTunumTeTo Ha ApTeMuga bo MecHocTa BpaypoH ce Haora Kaj ycTueTo Ha noKanHaTa peKa bo ErejcKOTo Mope, npu mTo Ha Hea e nogpegeHa u caMaTa cTpyKTypa Ha rnaBHUoT xpaM.80 OBoj ogHoc e npucyTeH u Kaj 6o^u^Te Ha cyg6uHaTa. rpHKU-Te Mojpu ja HocaT TeMuga og U3BopuTe Ha OKeaHOT, a naK cKaHguHaBcKUTe HopHU ^UBeaT noKpaj U3BopoT ygp, no^paH Kaj KopeaaTa Ha kocmuhkoto gpBo Mrgpacun. OBoj ogHoc e oco6eHo HarnaceH Kaj upaHcKaTa 6o^u^ AHaxuTa ApgBU Cypa. BogaTa T.e. BnaraTa e cogp^aHa bo Hej3UH0T0 UMe, gogeKa bo paMKUTe Ha MUTOBUTe u KynTOT, Taa e npeTcTaBeHa KaKo U3Bop Ha cuTe kocmuhku Bogu, Ha peKaTa Ha U36ounueTo u Ha BogaTa c^aTeHa KaKo ycnoB Ha nnogHocTa Ha npupogaTa u Ha nyreTo, na gypu u KaKo ycnoB Ha MygpocTa.81 Bo HaBegeHUTe rpHKU Tpagu^u 3a ApTeMuga, He e oco6eHo a^eHTupaHa Hej-3UHaTa BpcKa co TeKcTunHUTe gejHocTU T.e. npegeaeTo, a naK bo cnoBeHcKUTe - mhm- 75 rypa 2005, 123; 3a OBue epoTcKM acneKTu: rony6KOBa 2002, 49-51. 76 ^eBKueBcKaa - ToncTas 2004, 632. 77 npuMepu m TonKyBaaa: Mapa3OB 1992, 199. 78 C. HHeBa 2002, 136, 137; Mapa3OB 1992, 201. 79 Tpy6aHeB, ^TMM. cnoBapb, Tom 19, 131-133 (*mokošb/mokoša); MBaHOB - TonopoB 1983, 189, 190, 192, 194. 80 Cult of Artemis 2012. 81 Anahita 2012. npegunKaTa co 3oo-aHTponoMop^HM m geMoHCKM o6ene®ja bo cnoBeHCKMTe mmtckm TpagM^MM ^ja^jaTa Ha MnaguTe. Ho, oBue gBe c^epu Mo^aT ga ce cTaBaT bo B3aeMHa pena^ja npeKy ^onKnopHaTa rpara noBp3aHa co THp. »KyKapu^«. CTaHyBa 36op 3a ce3oHCKM Konu6u (no3HaTM nog oBoj unu gpyru Ha3MBu) kom ce go npBaTa nonoBMHa Ha MMHa-tmtot BeK nocroene Ha TepuTopujaTa Ha MaKegoHuja, Byrapuja u Cp6uja. Bo TeKoT Ha 3mmckmot nepuog, bo hub npecrojyBane opraHM3MpaHM rpynu Ha geBojKU u Toa nopagu yneae u npaKTMKyBafte Ha Be3efteTo u Ha gpyru TeKCTunHM gejHocTU. AHanu-3UTe Ha oBue Tpagu^u noKa^yBaaT geKa ce pa6oTU 3a npe^UToK Ha MomHe apxauH-hm o6pegHo-co^janHM ycTaHoBU kom, nog nnamToT Ha MaHyenHaTa pa6oTa (coBnagy-BafteTo Ha TexHUKUTe Ha o6pa6oTKa Ha TeKCTunoT) ocTBapyBane u Ba^Ha co^janHa ^yH^uja T.e. BocnuTyBafte Ha geBojKuTe u HUBHa nogroToBKa 3a 6paK. HeKou aHa-nu3M ynaTyBaaT u Ha o6pegHo-MarucKUTe (mhm^j^mckm) ^yH^uu Ha oBue o6jeKTU kom HajBepojaTHo ce Hacnoune Bp3 o6uHajoT (pacnpocTpaHeT bo noroneMuoT gen og nnaHeTaTa) Ha gucTaH^pafte Ha ^eHUTe og co^janHaTa 3aegHM^ 3a BpeMe Ha MeHc-TpyanHuoT ^Knyc.82 flo BaKBUTe MHU^ja^cKU o6jeKTU u ycTaHoBU goara u B. npon npu aHanu3aTa Ha cnoBeHCKMTe Bonme6HM npMKa3HM. 3a Hac e og oco6eH UHTepec mTo npu Toa, bo HeroBUTe peKoHcrpy^uu, ocBeH gpyruTe BeKe ena6opupaHMTe eneMeHTM u hmkobm, ce nojaByBaaT u cnegHMTe pena^u: - ge^ 3aTBopeHU bo myMcKaTa KyKapKa = geBojHMfta bo 6anKaHcKUTe »KyKapu^« unu bo cBeTunumTeTo Ha ApTeMuga Bpay-poHuja; - geMoHcKaTa rocnogapKa Ha KyKapKaTa = noKpoBUTenKa Ha hmhot Ha UHU^ja^jaTa (ApTeMuga/MoKom); - 3a6paHU 3a KpaTefte Ha KocaTa = pacnymTeHa Koca Kaj npuKa^aHMTe cnoBeHcKU mmtckm nMKoBM.83 OBaa TpaHc^opMa^ja Ha ^hckoto, og c^epuTe Ha guBaTa npupoga u aHu-ManHOTO koh co^uja^HOTO, onmTecTBeHOTO u KynTypaTa, Ha MomHe TpaHcnapeHTeH HanuH e nuKoBHo MaHM^ecTMpaHo Ha gBe penje^Ho o6pa6oTeHU MeTanHU nnoHKM og paH0cn0BeHCK0T0 geno og BenecruHO bo Tecanuja, (gaTupaHo bo 7. BeK), kom one-BugHo npuKa^yBaaT HeKaKBU mmtckm nMKoBM T.e. 6o^ecTBa (cn. 5, 6).84 EgHaTa nnoHKa npuKa^yBa ^mbotho, BepojaTHo og pogoT Ha MaHKMTe (unu mo-^e6u, noManKy ycnemeH o6ug 3a npeTCTaBa Ha MeHKa), ho co npunuHHo aHTponoMop-^M3upaHa rnaBa Koja co cBojaTa 6yjHa, gypu u npeHarnaceHa Koca (BepojaHo u npeTCTaBa Ha 6paga) ce go6nu^yBa go norope ena6opupaHMTe »myMCKM ^eHM« (cn. 5). flpyraTa nnoHKa, Ha egeH MomHe peanucTMHeH HaHMH npuKa^yBa ^eHa Koja, Ha-cnpoTM cBojaTa noTnonHa ronoTuja, ru hocm Ha ce6e gBaTa KnyHHM 3Ha^ Ha co^jan-ho onpegeneHaTa ^eHa (cn. 6). Toa e maMujaTa oKony rnaBaTa u repgaHOT Ha BpaToT, kom bo MMHaToTo ^yH^uoHupane KaKo 3Ha^ Ha BeHHaHaTa ^eHa T.e. conyraTa.85 Bo paMKMTe Ha oBoj co^onomKM onpegeneH cTaTyc, ce npeTCTaBeHM u Hej3MHMTe 6uo-nomKo - MajHMHCKM ^yH^uu, u Toa npeKy pacmupeHMTe Ho3e, oTBopeHaTa BynBa (= 82 fleTa^Ho 3a oBue o6jeKTM co npuno^eHa nuTapeTypa: Haycuguc 2009; aHTMHKU napanenu: Mapa3oB 1992, 187-203. 83 Prop 1990, 64-75 (u3o;^Mja Ha ge^Ta), 85-106 (myMa u myMCKa KyKapKa), 68, 69 (3a6paHa 3a ceHefte Ha KocaTa). ronoTujaTa u BnaKHecTocTa ce TonKyBaaT KaKo 6ene3M Ha npeogHuoT cTaTyc Ha geBojKMTe 3a BpeMe Ha MHM^Mja^MjaTa (Mapa3oB 1994, 64). 84 3a oBue npegMeTu: Werner 1953; Hamu TonKyBafta Ha npuKa^aHMTe ^urypu: N. Čausidis 2005; H. Haycuguc 1992-1993. 85 repgaHoT (u maMujaTa) ce 3agon®MTenHa o3HaKa Ha KynTypanHoTo, T.e. co^MjanHMOT (bo cnyHajoB 6paHeH) cTaTyc Ha HocuTenKaTa (Mapa3oB 1994, 214-216; Mapa3oB 1992, 190; Chevalier - Gheerbrant 1987, 449, 450). npuMep 3a oBa e u Brisingamen - MaruHHuoT repgaH u egeH og rnaBHMTe aTpu6yTM Ha repMaHCKaTa 6o®M^a Opeja, noBp3aH u co a6goMMHanHaTa 3oHa u nopogyBafteTo (Mufiu Hap. Mupa, Tom 1, 187, 289). Cn. 5. MemanHa nnoHKa, 7 BeK, BenecmuHO, Tecanuja fapmeM: Causidis 2005, 438 - T.I: 7, cnoped $omo^pa$uja nyönuKayBaHa bo: Werner 1953, Taf. 3:6). Cn. 6. MemanHa nnoHKa, 7 BeK, BenecmuHO, Tecanuja fapmeM: Causidis 2005, 438 - T.I: 4, cnoped $omo^pa$uja nyönuKayBaHa bo: Werner 1953, Taf. 3:1). 5 6 npegunKaTa co soo-aHTponoMop^Hu u geMoHCKu o6eneKja bo cnoBeHCKUTe mutcku TpagM^MM nopogunHa no3a) u goeHHeTo bo cKyT0T Koe nocerHyBa koh Hej3UHaTa gojKa. Bo koh-TeKCT Ha npeTxogHo cnoMeHaTUTe co^uonomKU 3Ha^u, 0Bue eneMeHTu ja 3aoKpyKy-BaaT 0Baa ^urypa He caM0 KaK0 aHUManHa pOgunKa, TyKy u KaKo co^uja^Ha MajKa, Koja e cnoco6Ha H0B0p0geH0T0 geTe He caM0 ga ro goHece Ha oBoj cBeT, TyKy u ga ro npeTBopu npeKy BocnuTyBaae og npupogHO bo KynTypHO cymTecTBO. 3a cpeKa, HacnpoTu ToTanHaTa pa3nuHH0CT Mery gBeTe ^urypu, u3pa60TyBaH0T Ha 0Bue nnoHKu npuKaKan egeH uK0H0rpa^cKu eneMeHT Koj hu gaBa go 3Haeae geKa BcymHocT ce pa6oTu 3a gBe xunocTa3u Ha egeH uctu mutcku nuK: guBaTa T.e. aHUMan-Ha (6okku^ - geM0H/KUB0TH0) u nuT0MaTa T.e. co^ujanHa (6okku^ - conpyra/MajKa). Toa e KUHeHuoT My3UHKu uHCTpyMeHT (rycnu), Koj bo peHucu ugeHTUHHa ^opMa e npuKaKaH bo pa^Te Ha o6eTe ^urypu. Her0B0T0 npucycTBo M0KeMe ga ro 3eMeMe KaKo apryMeHT 3a npeTnocTaBKa geKa 0Bue nuK0Bu T.e. xunocTa3u, cBoeTo My3u^u-paae ro npocnegyBane co neeae u co TaH^yBaae, mT0 hu gaBa 3a npaBo ga ru noBp3e-Me co rope npeTCTaBeHUTe KeHCKu myMCKu geM0Hu 3a kou ce cBojcTBeHu u neeaeTo u TaH^yBaaeT0. OBa bo rno6anHu paMKu ce ogHecyBa Ha BunuTe, caM0BunuTe u pycan-KUTe u K0HKpeTH0 Ha HemKUTe Divé ženy, MopaBCKUTe Divoženky u fflyMCKaTa MajKa og ceBepoucToHHa Cp6uja.86 * * * BepyBaMe geKa npeKy npunoKeHUTe aHanu3u u K0MnapaTUBHU0T MaTepujan mo-KaT ga ce apryMeHTupaaT cnegHUBe 3aBpmHu cornegyBaaa. Mana e BepojaTHocTa geKa cegeHKaTa ^urypa Ha npeTCTaBeHUTe »Kaxnu« og My-3ejoT bo npara ro npuKaKyBa raBonoT. MHory e noBepojaTHo geKa ce pa6oTu 3a ge-M0HCKU nuK og KaTeropujaTa »myMCKu H0BeK« Koj npunaran Ha noKanHUTe cnoBeHCKu Tpagu^uu. HajMHory ^aKTu ynaTyBaaT Ha HeroBaTa KeHCKa BapujaHTa Koja noKaKyBa HecnopHu 6nucKocTu co HeKonKy KoHKpeTHu mutcku nuK0Bu og KaTeropuuTe »KeH-CKU myMCKu geM0Hu« u »KeHCKu goMamHu geM0Hu«. Ce HageBaMe geKa ugHUTe npo-Hajgo^u Ha nogo6po 3anyBaHu Haogu co BaKBa c^Ha Ke o6e36egaT gononHUTenHu apryMeHTu bo npunor Ha 0Ba cornegyBaae. TyKa npuKaKaHUTe apxeonomKu Haogu ce MomHe BaKHu 3a ucTpaKyBaaeTo Ha cnoBeHCKaTa naraHCKa penuruja u MUTonoruja 3aToa mT0 o6e36egyBaaT BocnocTaBy-Baae pena^uu Mery coBpeMeHUTe cnoBeHCKu ^onKnopHu Tpagu^uu (He nocTapu og egeH u non BeK) u Tpagu^uuTe og 15. BeK bo Koj ce gaTupaHu HaBegeHUTe »Kaxnu«. Bo paMKUTe Ha oBoj npucTan, Bp3 6a3a Ha BpcKUTe Mery MoKoma og cnoBeHCKuoT ^onK-nop u aHanorHuoT TeoHUM og cpegH0BeK0BHUTe u3Bopu, ce Hygu mokhoct 3a BKnyny-Baae bo oBoj KoMnneKc Ha naraHocnoBeHCKaTa 6okku^ MoKom. npu Toa He MucnuMe geKa cuTe TyKa HaBegeHu Tpagu^uu Tpe6a ga ce TpeTupaaT KaKo gen og HeKoramHu-0T »KynT Ha MoKom«. O6paTH0, cMeTaMe geKa HeKou og cy6-TeucTUHKUTe Tpagu^uu noBp3aHu co TyKa o6pa6oTeHaTa c^epa (TeKCTun, myMa, Boga, BonHa, Koca, MeHKa, ge-BojKa, HeBecTa, UHU^uja^uja), bo ogpegeHu cpeguHu (c^e^u^UHHU og xpoHonomKu, reorpa^cKu u KynTyponomKu acneKT) ce uHTerpupane oKony 6oKu^Ta MoKom, a no xpucTujaHU3a^ujaTa ce npe^oKycupane koh Cb. neTKa u gpyru cBeTUTenKu. 86 3eHeBuh 1969, 337, 340. OBa ucTpa^yBaae ja oTBopu u TeMaTa 3a MHM^Mja^MjcKMTe MHCTMTy^MM bo TpagM^MOHanHaTa cnoBeHcKa KynTypa (oco6eHo oHue HaMeHeTM 3a geBojKMTe), bo kom roneMo 3HaneH>e mm ce gaBano Ha cnegHMTe KoMnoHeHTu: - M3ona^Mja T.e. npecToj bo noceÖHu oöjeKTu cMecTeHu bo guBaTa npupoga (bo myMa u noKpaj BogHu o6jeKTu); -npaKTMKyBaae Ha npegeae u gpyru TeKcTunHu gejHocTu; - a^eHTupaae Ha KocaTa u nomupoKo Ha BnaKHaTa; - pa3Hu pena^MM co ^MBoTHUTe u oco6eHo co Me^KaTa (KaKo guBa unu npeogHa xunocTa3a Ha geBojKaTa); - cunHa 3acTaneHocT Ha oBue koh^otm bo TpagM^MMTe og cBag6eHuoT KoMnneKc. npuKa^aHMTe nno^Ku og BenecTMHo (7. BeK) noKa^yBaaT geKa npeMMHoT Ha ^eHaTa og c|epuTe Ha »npupogHoTo« koh c|epuTe Ha »KynTypHoTo« 6un MaHu|ecTupaH u bo paHocpegHoBeKoBHuoT naraHocnoBeHcKM naHTeoH. KaKo ga ce o6jacHaT MomHe 6nucKMTe pena^MM Ha penucu cuTe TyKa npuKa^aHM cnoBeHcKMTe TpagM^MM co MMToBMTe u KynToT Ha gpeBHorp^KaTa ApTeMuga Bpaypo-Huja? 3eMajKu ru npegBug coBpeMeHMTe npucTanu bo KoMnapaTUBHMTe ucTpa^yBaaa Ha KynTypaTa (u oco6eHo mmtot m penurujaTa) Kaj gpeBHMTe u apxauHHM 3aegHM^M, hm ce HMHM norpemHo cnoBeHcKMTe TpagM^MM ga ru TpeTupaMe KaKo gepuBaT Ha aHTM-HKMTe (Ha npuMep, cnymTaae Ha aHTMHKUTe TeucTMHKu 6o^ecTBa u KynToBM Ha no-HMcKo »geMoHMCTMHKo« HMBo). HmBHoTo 6oraTcTBo, BapujaHTHocTMTe, npucycTBoTo bo pa3HM c|epu Ha KynTypaTa (npuKa3HM, npegaHuja, o6peg, |pa3eonoruja, neKcuKa) u mTo e HajBa^Ho - jacHo onpegeneHaTa |yH^uja bo paMKMTe Ha rno6anHuoT Kyn-TypeH cucTeM, hm gaBaaT 3a npaBo ga ru cMeTaMe 3a eneMeHTM Ha egeH noManKy unu noBeKe aBToxToH cucTeM Koj bo HeKou acneKeTM e gypu noaBTeHTuneH, noapxauneH u nogocnegeH og aHTMHKUTe. Cnopeg Toa, HMBHaTa 6nucKocT u pena^MM Mo«eMe ga ru onpaBgaMe Ha hmbo Ha HeKoramHoTo MHgoeBponcKo unu HeKoe gpyro (Mo^e6u cno-BeHcKo-6anKaHcKo) KynTypHo 3aegHumTBo. KopucTeHa nMTepaTypa Anahita 2012. Anahita // Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (14.01.2012) Baring - Cashford 1993. A. Baring, J. Cashford, The myth of the Goddess, Penguin Books, - 782. Cult of Artemis 2012. Cult of Artemis at Brauron, Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (12.01.2012) Chevalier - Gheerbrant 1987. J. Chevalier, A. Gheerbrant, Rječnik simbola, Zagreb: Nakladni zavod Matice Hrvatske, - 870. Haycuguc 1992-1993. H. Haycuguc, naraHo - cnoBeHcKM KynTHM npegMeTM og Tecanuja (I; II), UodumeH 30opHUK Ha &un030 flyeB 2010. P. flyeB, Seec u ffuonuc:pazame na anmuHKume eepyeama u Kynmoeu, CKonje: CuncoHe, - 254. ^op^eBuh 1958. T. P. ^op^eBuh, npupoda y eepoeamy u npedamy uamea napoda, Km. I, Beorpag: Hayrao geno; CAHy, - 319. reoprueBa 1983. M. TeopmeBa, E^mapcKa napodna Mumonozux, co^mh: HayKa u M3Ky-ctbo, - 210. rony6KoBa 2002. O. B. rony6KoBa, üowTaHue MegBegH b cbh3m c KynbTaMM ^eHCKux 6o-^ecTB y BocToHHbix cnaBHH (K Bonpocy o cpaBHUTenbHon ugeHTu^MKa^u npa-BocnaBMH u H3braecTBa) // npoöneuu MeM^mHUHecK0^0 e3auModeücmeux napodoe Cuöupu, HoBocu6upcK: MA^T CO PAH, 49 - 52. (10.01.2012) rypa 2005. A. Typa, CuMÖonuKa Mueomuma y cnoeencKoj napodnoj mpaduu,uju, Beorpag: BpuMo; .oroc; AneKcaHgpuja, - 645. MBaHoB - TonopoB 1974. B. B. MBaHoB, B. H. TonopoB, Mccneöoeanux e oönacmu cnaexn-ckux dpeenocmeü, MocKBa: HayKa, - 341. MBaHoB - TonopoB 1983. B. B. MBaHoB, B. H. 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