SOCIJALNO MEDICINSKI PREGLED ZE1TSCHRIFT Ft)R DAS GESAMT- GEBIET IR SOZIALEN MEDIZIN H GG. VOM ZENTRALHTGIENISCHEN INSTITUT I PERIODIQUE POUR TOUTS LES PRO- BLEMES DE LA MEDECINE SOCIALE ŽDITfiB FAK L' INSTITUT CENTRAL D’ HYGIENE sckriftleiter Dr BOGOLJUB KONSTANTINOVIČ k£dacteur BEOGRAD TOUGOSLAVIE GOD. XII JANUAR—FEBRUAR—MART — 1940 KEPARAT Dr BPAHHMMP MAJIELL1 OCHOBH BHOrEHE3E H BMOAMHAMMKE HMHAPCKE PACE 19 4 0 ŠTAMPANO U CENTRALNOM HIGIJENSKOM ZAVODU — BEOGRAD NE PRODAJE SE U KNJIŽARAMA 42 i Dr BPAHHMMP MAJIELU OCHOBH BHOrEHE3E HBMOAHHAMMKE^HHAPCKEPACE Kao y o6hhhom >KHBOTy TaiKHMO ko h Be h uh oh a jih o viBpijeHHM TepMHHHMa. PeinaBan>y nocTaBrt>eHHx npo6;ieMa mohtcmo Aa npHCTynHMO reK OHua ano cmo ao- BOJbHO jacHO npeuH3HpajiH 3Haneibe TepMHHa Koje ynoTpe6jbaBaMO y CBojHM H3JiaraH>HMa h y CBojnM 3a- KjbyHUHMa. To je jeuaH oa ochob- hhx npiiHUHna HaynHor paua. Hnje uaBHO ihto je Rene Mar- tial 1 uetjiHHHcao pacy Kao 3ajeAHH- uy CTaHOBHHIHTBa HHjH nCHXOAOUIKH jiareHTHH h„ih bhahh KapaKTepH (HapOMHTO je3HK) h aHTponojiouiKe 03HaKe HHHe y BpeMeHy (xHCTopHjH) jeuHy nejiHHy. A Guido Landra 2 tbpah ua pacHH KapaKTepH HrajiH- jaHCKor Hapoua, h ohh cj)H3HqKH h OHH nCHXHHKH, ocuH./iHpajy OKO jeA’ hot HAeaJiHor THna. flo it>eMy OBaj THn HHje ancTpaKunja Beh ce koa H 3BecHHX nojeAHHaua jaBJba Kao peaAHOCT. Mhoth HTaAHja hckh re- HHjH, MHore HCTaKHyTe oco6e 6 hac cy th nHHHO HTa,/iHjaHCKe. PacHH h- AeaA je y hcth Max HAeau Haunje. HcnojbaBa ce y decMpTHHM AeAHMa BejiHKHx MajcTopa npouuiocTH h ca- AaiuibOCTH. Tla je crora onpaBAaHO K3A TOBOpHMO O HT3AHj3HCKOj paCH. Mhcahm Aa ce OBaKO 6 e 3 noTpe- 6 e CTBapa 3a6yHa. CKopo cbh ho- BHjH H CaBpeMeHH aHTp0n0JI03H, oa Denikera ao Montandona, noAjeA- naKO Ae(j)HHHiuy HapoA- 3 ajeAHHHKH P 33 BHT 3 K IecTyje y 3 ajeAHHUH, paca ce HcnojhaBa hcka^hhbo y no- jeAHHUHMa. ZIok cy rpaHHpe Hapo- Aa Maite BHiue OApei^eHe, 3 aTBope- He, oco 6 e Koje npHnaAajy jeAHoj HCToj pacH qecro cy pa 3 acyTe, cko- po peAOBHO JKHBe H 3 MemaHO ca npn- naAHHUHMa ApyrHx paca y HCToj reorpacjicKoj očjiacTH, na nan h y HCToj — nopoAHUH. KpajeBa y ko- jnMa craHOBHHUiTBo noKa 3 yje npe- TOKHO AHHapCKe OAAHKe H 3 A 33 HMO h koa JyrocAOBeHa h koa HTaAH- jaHa, na h koa OpaHuy 3 a, HeMaua h IloA.aKa. He mhhh AaKJie HapoA OBa hjih OHa paca, Bth 3 ajeAHHmHBO h onpaB- AaHO ihto ce y yMeTHOCTn, Kao h y reHepa^H3aunjH yonniTe, y3HMa jeaaH n3BecaH pacHH Tun Kao nep- COHH(j3HKaUHja, Kao npeTCT3BHHK He- Kor Hapo^a. Cb3k 3Ha Kano H3TAeAa „yjaK CaM“ hah „der GuteMichel“. MeuiTpoBHheBH ahkobh HMajy ah- HapcKe upTe. H MaTnjy Tynua Ha¬ mu yMeTH«UH cjinKajy Kao ZlHHappa, a h BnJixeJiMa TeAa He MoateMO ApyKHHjer Aa 33 mhcahmo. HnKOMe He 6 h iuor.ro Aa na^a Ha yM Aa hm Aa KapaKTepHCTHKe AAnncKe hah B aATHCKe pace. Cbh he yMeTHHijH Aara jyrocjiOBeHCKOM BojHHKy ah- napcKe upTe, HTaAHjaHCKOM mcah- TepaHCKe, a HTaAHjaHCKOM 6epca- A>epy h a^nnHuy oneT AHHapcKe. Cbbk he HeMaHKy AeBojKy Aa npeT- CTaBH Kao hopahckh THn, a rnnaH- CKy Kao aTJiaHTOMejiHTepaHCKH. KaA noraeaaMO hcko yMeTHHHKO acao K oje npeTCTaBJba CKynnHy Jby*H Hamer HapoAa H3 npomjioc™ hah ca^amrnocTH, ona3HheMO Aa cy cko- po CBH AHKOBH H3pa3HT0 AHHapCKH. Tano cy, Hnp., MaxoM ,H,HHapuH y no3HaToj Ceo6« Cp6a noj HapHoje- BuheM, na y XepueroBaMKOM po6jby oa MepMaKa, y TaKOBCKOM ycTaHKy oa ypoma ripe^Hha, v Bojy ne- TAOBa oa naje JoBaHOBnha. H flpe- AnheBa KocoBCKa AeBOjKa hmb H3- pa3HTe KJiacHHHe AHHapcKe ocodnHe, AOK OpAOBHh riaB^e npnna^a Phia- BOM AHHapCKOM THny. PeKAH CMO Aa je OB3KBO npeTCTaBJbame TeAe- chhx ocoČHHa jeAHor HapoAa pa- 3yMJbHBO h onpaB^aHO. Pa3yMft>HBO je jep Toj HeKoj pacn, KojoM ce HapoA nepcoHHtjmpHpa, npnnafla Be- AHKH fleo CT3H0BHHmTBa, y HeKHM c^ynajeBHMa HajBehn Aeo HapoAa, n jep ce necTO AernaBa Aa ce Taj Aeo Hapoaa, Kojn ripeTe»HO npnna- Aa toj HeKoj pacn, Ha pohhto hcthhc y KyjiTypHoj h noAHTHHKoj xhcto- pnjn CBoje eTHmme 3ajeAHHne. Ta- Kas je CAyqaj icoa Hac ca ct3hob- iutbom ABHapcicor reorpa(j)CKor pernoHa. A onpaBAaHo je CTora mTO CBeCHO — KOA „paCHCTHHKHX“ Ha- tmja — hah HecBecHO HapoA Te>Kn (j)H3HHKOM H AyUieBHOM HAeaAy KO j H je npeTCTaBjbeH tom pacoM. Zlpyro je AaKAe paca a Apyro HapoA h meroBa pacHOCT. Paca je nojaM 6hoaoiiikh, n noTpeČHO je Aa ce caMO Kao TaKaB ynoTpe6A>aBa. A c Apyre CTp-me XTeo 6hx h obom npHAHKOM Aa HCTaKHeM KaKO je H3HBHO H HeHayHHO CXB3THTH pacy jeAHOCTaBHO Kao tviyqajHH CKyn Ha- cacahhx ocoČHHa. Jep coMaTOAom- Ke, (j)yHKUHOHaAHe na h ncnxHHKe ocoSnHe HeKe pace HHHe xapMOHHH- Hy peAHHy, Hepa3AeA>HBy y npo- CTopy h BpeMeHy. Mopt^onomKe Ma- HH(j)ecTaunje AHCTHHTBnpaMO Kao no- jeAHHanHe ocoČHHe JbyACKor opra- HH3M3. Aah y CTBapH CBaKa je Ta MaHH^ecTaHHja 03HaKa peAHHe, a y npocTopy Hepa3ABojHO je Be3aHa 3a 4)yHKii;Hjy h <|)opMy ueAOKynHor op- raHH3Ma. J],HCTHHrBHpame Hnje no- CAeAHpa KBaAHT3THBHHX CTB3pHHX p33AHK3 y 0praHH30B3H0M AyHKUHOHaAHH KB3AHTeTH OApe- }jyjy ce KBaHTHTaTHBHO. Y3rpeA hy noMeHyTH Aa je CTora necTO MeTOA CpeAft>HX BpeAHOCTH H CT3HAapH30- Bama HeaAeKBaTaH. Bam CTora mTO paca HHje CAynajHH CKyn KBaAHTe- Ta Kojn ce Mory mhahmctpom h rpaMOM OApeAHTH. MHore kb3hth- TaTHBHe ocoČHHe HHcy Bapnpama HCTor KBaAHTeTa. Hhjkh CTac je caMO y H3HHMHHM CAynajeBHMa KBa- AHT3THBHO HCTe a KBaHTHTaTHBHO Apyre BpeAHOCTH oa BHmer, h o- 6pHyTO. 06 hhho cy y TaKBHM CAy- najeBHMa Bapnpama Bp^o Ma^a. Ha npHMep KaA ce HeKa oco6a hcao- boajHO (J)h3hhkh pa3BHje yc/ieA Tpaj- Hor rAaAOBama hah ycAeA Apyrnx pliaBHX aM6njeHTaAHHx npHAHKa. JJok je HanpoTHB hh 33 k pacT pe- AOBHO KB3AHT3THBHO HemTO ApyfO oa bhcokot. HoBeK je hh33k caMO- CTora mTO je KBaAHTeT hhckot pa- 3 34 COUHJAJ 1 HO MEH,HU,HHCKH TIPErJIEfl CTa xapMOHnqHO Be3aH ca ApyrHM HeKHM 6e36pOjHHM KBaaHTeTHMa. Oa thx KBajimeia HeKH cy HaM no3Ha- th, a HeKH cy Heno3HaTn, ajiH cbh CK yna Aajy HepamqjiaifcHBy opraH- ctKHX H BHUJHX oco6a He 6 h 3HaqHJia ynpaBO hh- uiTa. Mo>KeMO ce 6aBHTH OTCiyna- ibHMa oa jea.He cpeAite BpeAHocTH, Tj. BapnjapnoHOM 3MnJiHTyAOM, ca- mo KaA je pen o cj)yHKUHjaMa hctot KBajiHTeTa. Hnje aaKJie paca caMO cnyn Ha- CJieaHHx oco6HHa, KOMiuieKC KapaK- Tepa — Kao ihto ce očhhho mh- cjih. Paca je 3ace6aH HacjienHH (jian- Top. ycjiejl CBOje AOMHHaHTHOCTH, oahocho ycJleA cBoje pepecHBHOCTH, OHa ce caA bhaho ncnojbaBa a ca a je jiaieHTHa y bhahom CKJiony ao- MHH3HTHHX H peueCHBHHX OCOČHHa HeKor MemaHpa. He mhcjihm Aa ce ynycTHM y TeopncKO o6jaum>eit>e obot TBpije- ita. XTeo 6 hx caMO HeuiTO Aa no- MeHeM. BnAeheMO Majio AOUHHje Ka- ko ce y HH3y reHepaunja H3BecHe pace noHamajy Kao AOMHHaHTHe iipeMa jipyrHM pacaMa. To je BaH CBane CHMH>e. Ra jih y ob3kbhm cjiyqajeBHMa Tpe6a Aa tobophmo o yTBpi]eHOM KOMnjieKcy KapaKTepa h jih CMeMO Ty oape}]eHy aomhh3ht- Hy 3ajeAHHpy Aa HAeHTHij)HKyjeMO c ohhm ihto HHane Ha3HB3MO pa- com, to je, Ha Kpaj KpajeBa, cacBHM cnopej,HO. Mh jeAHHO tbpahmo Aa nocToje oco6e noje cy oa CBojnx npe^ana Hac/ieAHJie CBe OHe KapaK- TepncTHKe noje pacy qHHe pacoM, CBe KBajiHTeTe — h no3HaTe h He- no3HaTe. Tbpahmo Aa Te KapaKTe- pncTHKe koa pacao „hhcthx“ oco6a HAy yBeK CKyna, Aa cy CBe npn- cyTHe, Aa hhhc cjieHOTHn kojh je y CBHM CBOjHM HCnOJbaBaibHMa jeAaH jeAHHCTBeH, xapMOHHqaH h HeAe- jbHB. Tbpahmo Aa CTBapHO y IKH- bom, opraHH30B3HOM, ao Kpaja 4>op- MnpaHOM (jieHOTHny HeMa caMocraji- HHX, H3AB0jHBJbHB 0C06HHa. Jep Cy OHe caMO HCHOJbaBaita uejiHHe, to cy npHBHAHO caMOCTaJiHe ahcthhk- pnje. y ocTajiOM koa BopHBoja Mh- jiojeBHha 3 Hajia3HMO OBaj nacyc : „yonuiTe je h3hbho npeTnocraB- jbaTH Aa ocoSHHe 3aBHce HenocpeA- ho oa nojeAHHHx reHa, jep ren He H333HB3 caM 3a ceče nojaBy jeAHor KapaKTepa, Hero cbh re hh y 3ajeA- hhhh, peo reHOTHn CTBapHO OApe- tjyje cb3kh nojeAHHaqHH KapaKTep >KHBor 6h ha. TeHH cy caMOCTajiHH, Ha HeKH HaqHH orpaHHneHH cy jeA- hh npeMa ApyrHMa, h to ce bhah h3 HHifaeHHue Aa ce ohh Mory OABa- jaTH h CTynaTH y pa3He kom6hh3- unje; ajiH ce nojaM caMOCTajiHOCTH He CMe npoiH hphth h Ha aKHHjy reHa, jep reHH HHcy caMOCTajiHH y CBojoj aKHHjn. IToihto reHH Aej- CTByjy 3ajeAHHqKH, to CBaKH reH yTHqe HCTOBpeMeHO Ha pa3He Ae- jioBe opraHH3Ma y pa3BHhy. H obhm ce TBpijeifceM HOBa Teopnja noTny- ho OARaja oa CTapnjHX, HeMeHAe- jiHCTnqKHx Teopaja. Ra 6h ce no- jaBHJia jeAHa ocoČHHa noTpe6aH -je reH, h jih rpyna reHa, ajin he Taj reH, hjih Ta rpyna FeHa H333B3TH nojaBy oco6nHe caMO ano je CKyn cbhx reHa cnoco6aH Aa je H3a30Be“. CBana paca HMa CBojy eBOJiyunjy. Pace HHcy (JiHKCHpaHe, HenpoMeH- jbHBe. Ajih h3ko ce AaHac hhko He noBOAH Linne-OBOM HenpoMeHJbH- BOCTH paca, TO MHOTH H3y HHHUH qecTO HecBecHO AP*e Aa cy pace yBeK HCTe h y npocTopy h y Bpe- MeHy, Aa je CBana paca yBeK h CByAa OHaKBa Kao ihto jy je no npBH nyT OApeAno h onncao HeKO oa ncnn- THBana. A y CTBapn pace HHcy qn- CTe jiHHnje Ha noje HHiuTa He Ae- Jiyje hh y npeHaTajiHOJi hh y nocT- H3T3JIHOM >KHBOTy jeAHHKe. Y TO He MO>KeMO cyMH>aTH. H He cyMibaMO, CO UM J A JI H O MEHHUMHCKH TlPErjlEfl 35 jep bhphmo KaKO ce npep HauiHM OMHMa CTBapajy H3BecHH hobh pa- chh o6pkhh. PeTKo je Kap y xh- CTopnjH HOBe^aHCTBa 6hjio KpajeBa HacT3HbeHHx npHnaaHHUHMa caMO je- PHe pace. CBypa, y CBaKoj nony- papnjH, Hajia3HMo oco6e noje npn- napajy pa3HHM pacaMa. BpaKOBH ce necTO cxpanajy H3Metjy pacHO He- jeAH3Knx cynpy>KHHKa. ycpep Tora y HacpepHOM HH3y jepHe pace Tpaj : ho pepyjy TytjH, HejepHaKH yTHpajH. nodeneHO ce Men>a npBoČHTHa xap- MOHHja. Paca ce nocTeneHO ncno- jbaBa y H3Men>eHHM o6phhhm 3, y HOBOj XapMOHHjn. yc;ieP HeCTOr HPH craPHor npHcycTBa H3BecHor pepe- CHBHor e^ieMeHTa — H3 reHepapnje y reHepapnjy — oho ihto je Kao pepecHBHo 6hpo paTeHTHo, cap no- daje yHeKOPH ko caciaBHH peo pe- jiHHe noja je poMHHaHTHa, Te Taxo h caMO nocTaje pomhh3htho. Bnpe- heMo popHHje hckophko t8kbhx c.ay- pajeBa. y Haypn roBopn ce o po- MHH3HTHHM H pepeCHBHHM 0C06h- naMa. ZloMHHaHTHa je, Hnp. -raMHa KOMnpeKCHja npeiia CBeTPoj, Tj., ppyKPHje peneHO, poMHHaHTHa je T3MH3 Soja Koce H T3MHH TOHOBH mapeHHpa ripeMa cbctjihm tohobh- Ma. XTeo 6hx h capa pa KaaieM KaKO caM Hajnpe HCTaKao pa cy Te TaKO 3BaHe OCOČHHe (KBaPHTeTH) caMO npHBupHO caMOCTaPHe, pa cy OHe nocpepHpa Hauier phcthhtbh- paiha, pa je opraHH3aM y cbhmh CBOjHM pePOBHMa H HCnOJbaBaibHMa jepaH, jepHHCTBea h xapMOHHpaH. y CTBapH, pa noMeHeM h obo, onaKO HCTO Kao IHTO CMO PHCTHHTBHpaibeM po6hph nojepHHe TepecHe KBaPH- TeTe, TaKO 6hcmo y BehHHH cpypa- jeBa pajbHM pncTHHrBnpaii>eM mo- tph po6hth KBapuTeTe KBaPHTeTa, HOBe peTap.HHje „HacpepHe oco6h- He“. O TOMe je paKpe paHHje 6hpo roBopa. A cap hcthhcm pa je „po- mhh3hthoct“ ophocho „pepecHB- HOCT“ OBHX npHBHPHO CaMOCT 1 PHMX KBapuTeTa pepaTHBHa. Cbbkh je KBa- PHTeT poMHHaHTaH ophocho pepe- CHB3H caMO y H3BeCHOM KOMnpeKcy KBaPHTeTa, y CBojoj HeKoj cpepHHH. hberoBa pacHa BpepHOCT HHje oppe- tjeHa HbHM C3MHM Befr 6hopoiukom cpepHHOM pnjH je h oh caM Hepe- jbHB cacTaBHH peo. CBeTPa rnape- HHpa je pepecHBHa y KOMnpeKcy KBaPHTeTa Kojn pajy /I,HHapcKH pa- chh THn, aPH je HanpoTHB pomh- HaHTHa y XepperoBaMKOM pacHOM THny. Hapop je 3ajepHHpa, pok ce Ha- npoTHB paca HcnojbaBa y nojepHH- PHMa. A nojepHHe oco6e Koje npn- napajy jepHoj H3BecHoj pacn pa- uiTpKaHe cy Metjy npnnapHHPHMa ppyrnx paca. IlpocTop y KOMe ce jaBP>ajy npnnapHHpH H3BecHe pace HecTO o6yxBa r ra paajimmt reorpac})- CKe KpajeBe. Tano je paHac, Tano je opyBeK, op caMe „nojaBe“ ho- Bena y papeKHM npexHCTopHCKHM BpeMeHHMa. Bhpo 6h CTora Heo- 36hp>ho CMaTpaTH pa je H3BecHa pa¬ ca CBypa jepnaKa, y cbhmh Kpaje- pHMa, y cbhm3 nopopHpaMa, kop CBHjy nojepHHapa. Paca npHnapa’ HHPHBHpyyMy a HHpHBHpyyM pacn. HHpHBHpyyM je npHMapaH, peapaH, pok je paca ceKyHpapHa, OHa je ira- CTO KP3CH(j)HKaTOpCKH nOjaM. y CBa- kom nojepHHpy HcnojbaBa ce oho IHTO je y TOM HHPHBHPyaPHOM cpy- najy pacHO pomhh3htho, oho ihto ce y tom opraHH30B3HOM 6nhy mo- tpo pa Hcnop^H. A paTeHTHO je h CKpHBa ce, Man>e hph BHiue, oho ihto je penecHBHo. Ako ce pepe- CHBHe 03HaKe yoniHTe He ncnojbe TOBOpHMO O pacHO HHCTOj oco6h. PIpeMa TOMe y HH3y reHepapnja 6e3 npecraHKa ce boph 6op6a, BeoMa kom nPHKOBaHa h pocTa HejacHa 6op- 6a, H3Metjy poMHHaHTHor h pepe- CHBHor. A 33thm, He Tpe6a 3ašopa- bhth, cb3kh je HHpHBHpyyM caM no ce6n npoMeHP>HB, jep He 33bhch caMO op npeHaTaPHHX Hac^iepHHX (jiaKTopa Beh h op nocTH3TaPHHx, op HanHHa iKHBOTa h op yTHuaja cpepHHe, na je Tano h paca 6es npecTaHKa y Bpeit>y. BBeHa pHHa- mhk3 je yBeK ppyKHHja. OBpe oupe nonpHMa bhphb hoe3 o6epe>Kja, Ma- 36 C0UHJAJ1H0 MEflHUMHCKH nPErjlEA JIO flpyKMHja OP OCHOBHHX, Tj. OP noJia3HHX KapaKTepHCTHKa. Montan- don onacyje pejcTBO yHyTapibHX h cnojbHHX y™uaja Ha (jiopMHpaibe pace. HapoHHTo noMHHbe HejepHaKy 3KTHBH0CT XOpMOHa, XH6pHPH0CT, H30^0Baft>e, na „cen(j)poMecTHKanH- jy“. A ja OBje HCTnneM caMO je^aH, no mom MHU]^>enby HajBajKHnjn y3- poK pacHe eBonynnje. Paca je y cTanHoj npoMeHH, y 6e3npeKHpHoj eBOJiyuHjn. Ta je eBonynnja mho- rocrpyKa. IlocTeneHHM yKpniTaBa- n>eM nojepHHapa, a y HH3y reHe- pannja, nojepnHapa nojn HMajy no- pypapHe hjih HecKJiapHe ocodHHe, P0Pa3H PO CjjHKCHpafta H3BeCHHX hobhx odJiHKa. Ako cy th oSjihph, ophocho Te (j)yHKnnje, — jep je n o n>nMa pen, — tojihko onHiviepHH pa hx MonceMO pa3JiHK0BaTH HauiHM qyjiHMa n oppepHTH noMohy nncTpy- MeHaTa, a 3aTHM axo ce CTajiHO ja- Bjbajy y HH3y reHepapHja, MOPceMO ca Eickstedt-TOM pa roBOpHMO o odnacHHM rnnoBHMa. H He 6hx XTeo pa kop OBora 6ype 3a6yHe. OdjiacHH TunoBH cy Mopn(j)HKanHje HaMa no- 3HaTor pacHor Tnna. Ako cy Te mo- pna opHOca H3Meljy paca. CBaKa je paca oppetjeHa y npocTOpy h y BpeMeHy. BnoreHe3a J],HHapcKe pace HHje HaM TaKO no- 3HaTa Kao 6noreHe3a HeKor odjia- CHor THna OBe pace. To Bpepn h 3a CBa ocTane pace h ibHX0Be odjiacHe TnnoBe. UiTa je ppyro odjiacHH ran aKO He jionajiHa pacHa M3HH(J)ecTa- PHja KOjoj 3H3MO y3pOKe, HHjH HaM je nocTaHaK jacaH h Koja ce oph- rpaBa penao 6hx npep HauiHM o- HHMa? A y to heMO ce popHHje yBe- pHTH. Zla 6 h 6hjio jacHHje oho ihto MHCJIHM pa H3JI0IKHM O dHOJIOUJKOj BpepHOCTH ZluHapcKe rpyne pacai 6hjio je noTpe6HO obo HeKOJiH ko- ochobhhx pa3MaTpatt>a o paCH. Tipe pajber H3Jiaraiba XTeo 6hx jom jepHOM, y hckojihko penn, pa noTceTHM Ha CBoje cxBaTaibe J\h- HapCKe rpyne paca 4 , ophocho Kao ihto 6hx paHac peKao, JappaHCKe rpyne paca. y JappaHCKy rpyny paca y6pa- jaM CBe OHe pacHe THnoBe (pace) Koj h cy y ochobh cjihmhh h nopy- papHH ca KnacHHHOM ZZnnapcKOM pacoM h Kojn cy ca ibOM dHore- HeTCKH noBe3aHH. Tbnx pejiHM y PBa pena: y TnnoBe KojH cy 6e3- Mano nopypapHH h y THnoBe ko j n ce Me^yco6HO pa3JiHKyjy y HeKO- JIHKO KapaKTepHCTHKa, Tj. ko j h cy y pajbeM cpopcTBy. TIpBH cy ZIh- HapHpn a ppyrn ZZnHapoHpn. Ob 3 Moja KnacHcjiHKaunja yHeKOJiHKO ce pa3PHKyje op Eickstedt-OBor cxBa- haiba. J \HHapnpn cy: ZlHHapCKH paCHH THn (ZlHHapCKa hph JappaHCKa paca). EberoBe cy HajMapKaHTHHje ocodnHe: pyronn- HHCK3 KOHCTHTynHja, BHCOK paCT, pyryn>acTO JiHpe, 6paxnMop(})HOCT ny6aibe, TaMHa KOMnneKcnja, H3pa- 3HTe h ouiTpe npTe n nna, kocth rpy6e 6e3 očkiHHa. XepneroBanKH pacHH THn (CaBCKa paca ophocho noppaca B. LLlKepjba) HM3 HCTe OCOČHHe KaO H ZlnHapCKH ochm uiapeHHna Koje cy njiaBe hjih 3eneHKacT0-nnaBe. ZZnHapoHpH cy: FTiaBH pHHapcKH pacHH THn (Hop- CKa paca Lebzelter-a, TanaTCKa Gu- art-a). y 3apibe BpeMe OBaj THn Ha- 3HB3 nnaBHM PHHapCKHM H HOJbCKH aHTpononor Stolychwo. fljiaBH pn- Hapau no cbhm ( BojHM 03HaKaMa oproBapa KJiacHHHOM ZInHapny. Op_ ibera ce pa3JiHKyje HajynapjbHBHje KOMnneKCHjoM Koja je CBeTJinja. To jecT Koca h pnaKe Ha pnny cy Ke- CTeibaBonnaBe ophocho npBeHKacTO- nnaBe, a mapeHHiie cy nnaBe hjih 3ejieHKacTonjiaBe. ITyT ce pa3JiHKyje yT0JiHK0 ihto cy nepncjiepHH Kann- jiapn pa3rpaHaTHjH, HaponHTO Ha G0UHJAJ1H0 MEflMUHHCKH nPErjIEfl 37 'H3A0)KeHHM MeCTHMa. UpTe AHIja H kocth mano cy rpy6;be, ouiTpnje. KaKO ce OBaj Tun HaoKO 6e3MaAO pa3AHKyje caMO no 6ojn Koce h o- qnjy, motah 6hcmo Aa cMaipaMO Kao Aa je Ha npeAa3y H3MeFjy J\n- HapH.ua h HnHapoH.ua h ji h 6hcmo, jorn 6oJbe, motah na ra KjiacH(j)H- KyjeMO Kao AHHapCKH Tnn. Y ctb 3- pn fteroBy 6noreHe3y Be3yjeM0 3a Apyry jeAHy rpyny paca, 3a Hop- AHCKy rpyny, h npeMa TOMe CMa- TpaMO ra HnHapoHjioM. H,HHapcKH pacHH mn cpenH>e bh- CHHe. OBaj THIl H MOp(j)OJIOLUKH H (})H3HorHOMCKH OAroBapa H,HHapn- jlHMa, caMO ihto My je TejiecHa BHCHH3 3H3THO HHHO, a npeMa TOMe h cbh AejioBH Tejia. r eHeTHHKH ce OABaja oa U,HHapau,a y kji3chhhom CMHCJiy. TberoBO nopenjio Tpe6a Tpa>KHTH y Apyroj Henoj pacHoj CKynHHH. ria CTOra ra CMaTpaMO .H.HHapoHaoM Kao h Apyre THnoBe o KOjHMa he cana 6hth roBopa. EpcKH pacHH THn. BncHHe je cpeAite. KoMnjieKCHja My OAroBapa nHTMeTCKHM T0H0BHM3 fljiaBOr AH' HapcKor THna. KoHCTHTyuHja je Ay- roJiHHHCKa ajiH HeuiTO cjiašnje H3- pa3HTa. HHHapCKH CBeTJIOOKH pacHH THn cpeA^er pacTa. OAroBapa yrjiaBHOM H,HnapcKOM pacHOM THny cpea^e BHCHHe, caMO ihto cy My uiapeHHpe CBeTJie Kao h koa XepperoBaqKor Tnna. Joni h h ca m cnrypaH na ah je obo caMoeranaH pacHH THn. Mh heMO ce y OBoj SeAeuiUH 3a- .ApiKaTH Ha npBa tph THna, Tj. Ha ZlHHapHAe — Ha HHHapcKH h Xep- peroBanKH pacHH Tnn — h Ha FlAa- BH AHHapCKH paCHH THn. HoMeHyhy h obo. AHTponoAouiKe HacAeAHe rpynHe eAeMeme H33Bao caM pacHHM THnoBHMa a He npocTO pacoM Kao uito ce peAOBHO hhhh. OHy peaAHy 6HOAOiHKy nojaBy, o Kojoj je OBAe 6hao peqn, h33hb3m TnnoM, a paca 6h npeMa TOMe <6HAa caMO nojaM KAacncjjHKanHje, Tj. oAroBapaAa 6h pacHoj rpynn .hah, Kao ihto je rope HaBeAeHO, rpynH paca. Hckoahko pacHnx th- noBa, Koj h ce jaBjbajy Kao o6AacHH hah He, Mory 6hth BHiue hah Maite cpoAHH, na hx TaKO acahmo Ha OHe Ha -ha h Ha OHe Ha -oha (tsko Ha np. AHHapcKe pacHe THnoBe J\\ma- pnAe h TnnoBe H,nHapoHAe). A cbh CKyna, 3a pa3AHKy oa Apyrnx re- HeTCKH jorn yAajbeHHjnx TnnoBa, MHHe jeAHy rpyny, jeAHy pacHy rpy- ny, hah Kpahe jeAHy pacy (Kao Ha np. H.HHapcKy pacHy rpyny, hah JI,HHapcKy pacy). CBe je to CTBap KAacHiJiHKaaHje. Ilo3HaTo je rAeAHiuTe nojbcne uiKOAe Aa cy /InHapnAH (oahocho KAacHHHa /],HHapcKa paca) pacHo CAOAieHH OA HopAHCKe H JepMeH- CKe pace. M creapHO necTO cycpe- heMO H3BecHe eAeMeHTe jeAHe hah Apyre pace koa nojeAHHapa Kojn HHane npnnaAajy .ZFnHapcKoj rpvnn paca. OBAe He mhcahm Ha AHpeKTHe MemaHue, Ha noTOMKe pacHO pa3AH- mhthx poAHrejba, Beh Ha HHCTe pa- CHe TnnoBe koa Kojnx ce ncnojbaBa — jeABa oceTHo — hckh eneMeHaT, BaCKpCAH A3TeHTHH Tpar, HeuiTO IHTO Hac noTceha Ha HopAHCiKe 6hth toahko jaK Aa ce BHiue He jaBJba cnopaAHHHO, Beh je Kao HacAeAHa AOMHHaHTHa ocoČHHa Aao xapMOHHqHy ueAHHy Koja KapaKTe- pnuie pacy. A to y CAyqajy nnaBor AHHapcKor h EpcKor pacnor THna. lloTpeSHO je Aa h OBAe HarnacnM KaKO Hac FI A3BH AHHapCKH pacHH Tnn y MHoroMe noTceha Ha T>eHO- hopahckh pačim THn (Ha Eickstedt- OBy eHOHopAHCKy noApacy). Boja Koce, a HapoqHTo 6oja 6pK0Ba h 6paAe je KecreitaBonnaBa, bah ca HeKMM UpBeHKaCTHM TOHOM. H KO*a je jaqe py>KnqacTa h Ma.ibe Mpna oa Konce oct3ahx .ZFHHapaua. ITo- 38 COLLMJAJIHO MEAHUHHCKM nPEfJlEA BpiHHHCKH KanHaapHH CHCTeM 6o- raTHja je, pa3rpaHaT, HaponHTO no o6pa3HMa. KoMnaencnja Hac aanae noTceha Ha TnnoBe e. ycaea pa3BHjeHOCTH neaa, 3anpaBo ycaea oceTHe HCTypeHOCTH aomer neaa, Kao h ycaea HemTO jane HCT3KHyTor noTHjbKa, HHaenc raaBe je hhjkh Hero ihto je noa naa- chmhot U,HHapua. MajbaBOCT je jane pa3BnjeHa. Man 6hcmo Moran pehn aa cy IlaaBH anHapun pyT3BH. CBe obo Haaa3HMO h noa OeHOHopan- ckot pacHor THna. H EpcKH pacHH THn noTceha Hac Ha HopancKe KapaKTepncTHKe. He caMO HberoBa naaBa Koca h naaBe OHHe ay>KHpe, Beh h kocth raaBe h H3pa3 h upTe anua. AaH, aa He 6h 6na o 3a6yHe, jom jeaHOM aa Ha- raacHM Kano cy OBa aBa pacHa THna dnoaomKH noayaapHe BpeaHOCTH, a hcto OHaKO caMOCTaaHa h caBpe- MeHa, Kao ihto cy KaacHHHa Hop- ancKa h jih naacHHHa ,II,HHapcKa paca. CTBap je y OBOMe: Heno3HaTa HaM je 6HoreHe3a Hopancne pace, aoK HanpoTHB Koa riaaBor anHapcnor h Koa EpCKor pacHor THna saK- a.yqyjeMO aa je y yaaa>eHoj npo¬ maocTH nocTOjao y3 hckh anHap- ckh h yTHpaj HeKor — Heoapeije- oht — HopancKor o6aHKa. Hae- mo nan aaa>e, Te CMaTpaMO aa cy yonmTe cbh o(5aHu,H JaapaHCKe rpy- ne paca cpoaHH ca HopancKHM 06- anaHMa. Aan to He 3H3hh aa cy hm pacHH npaoSaHUH 3ajeaHHHKH, aa noTHny oa jeane rpaHe Henor era6aa —- no OHoj no3HaTOj XeKeaoBoj cxeMH. Mh caMO TBpanMO aa cy ce anHapcKH o6anuH pa3BHan noa yTH- pajeM HopancKHX. He 3H3mo hh Kaa je to 6nao hh rae. BepyjeMO aa^ cy ce ElHHapuH (JmpMHpaaH peaa- thbho ayro, aa cy 6na h noa yTH- uajeM HopancKHX a>yaH CBe ao Ha- uihx aaHa h CB3K3KO, 6e3Maao, Ha cbom ohom TepHTopnjy rae h caaa JKHBe. Ha reHeTCKe Be3e H3 npomaocTH H3Me}]y IlnHapaua h Hopancnerpy- ne paca, He yKa3yjy HaM caMO obh pacHH o6aHHH — ČaaBH an Ha pen h h EpcKH, Beh h apyrn momchtk. HDHxcaMMecTO HCTHpao. Tano Hene- noj-me HHanBHayaaHor pa3BHTKa. Koa aHHapcKe aepe Koca je necTO cacBHM naaBa vum CKopo naaBa, a TeK aOUHHje, TOKOM pa3BHTKa, no- CTaje TaMHnja, na nan h cacBHM 3a- racHTO KecTemaBa HaH CKopo upHa 5 *. BnaHMO aanae KaKO cy HopancKH yTHirajH H3 aaa^e nan dniHace npo- maocTH (})opMHpaaH H3BecHe o6aHKe y XI,HHapcKoj pacHoj rpynn h KaKO ce Hcnoa>aBajy y OHToreHeTCKOM pa3- BHTKy HeKHx nojeanHaua. A caa aa HaraacHM jom jeaaH MOMeHaT, nojn je no mom MHmjbemy hoo6hhho> BaaoH. BHoanHaMHKa npomaHx Bpe- MeHa aaaa HaM je 6HoreHe3y pace,, aaaa HaM je oapetjeHe pacHe ranoBe, 4>opMHpaaa je 3ajeaHHuy nojeaHHHX rpyna. Aan HHa«BHayH jeaHe rpyne,. Henor oapetjeHor pacHor THna, HHcy nocBe jeaHaKH. Hene HHanBHayaaHe pa3anKe cj)opMHpajy ce nocTHaTaaHO. To je aoBOJtmo no3HaTO h o thm pa3aHKaMa OBae He BoaHMO panyHa. C apyre cTpaHe MHore HacaeaHe ocoSHHe, Hene (j)H3HorHOMCKe h apy- re, HHcy Be3aHe 3a pacy. H o h>hm 3 OBae HHje pen. Aan nocToje h TaKBe HHaHBHayaaHe pa3aHKe noje Hac caa caa6nje caa jane noTcehajy Ha OBaj nan OHaj MOMeHaT oanocHO Ha očaHK H3 npomaocTH, H3 noerene- hot eBoaypHOHor (JmpMHpama, Ha 6HoreHe3y Tor pacHor THna. Hhcy aanae CBa HHaHBHayaaHa pacHa h apyra Bapnpama npoy3poKOBaHa o6hhhhm, no3H3THM, npeHaTaaHHM: h nocTHaTaaHHM areHCHMa. na je CTora cacBHM pa3yMa3HBo aa h Koa. i3,HHapcKor pacHor THna, aanae kji a- COUMJAJIHO MEHMUHHCKH TIPEPJIEA 39 chmhot JleHHKepoBor J [.HHappa, Ha- a33hmo pacHo TOere nHAHBHaye Koje nMajy KecreH>aBy KOcy y CBeTAHjeM TOHy, nuje cy iuapeHHpe HeuiTO CBeTAuje (6p. 11 y ckbah MapTHH- LUy^ueoBoj, yMecTo 6p. 12 hah 13 ), hah KOjHMa je r^aBa c.na6nje 6pa- XHMOp(})Ha, oahocho, Kao iuto heMO AopHHje bhacth, h3A33hmo oco6e KOjHMa je nHTMeHTCKH TOH Koce H mapeHHpa cacBHM 3aracHT. To cy BapHjaHTe hcthx KBaAHTeTa. Aah BapnjaHTe Koje HaM yKa3yjy Ha Tpar jiaTeHTHHx e^eMeHaTa jeAHe pace Koja je Beh AaBHO Hume3Aa H3 pa- CHor cacTaBa Hamer npeTOKHO ah- HapcKor CTaHOBHHiiiTBa. He Ka*eM Aa je cb3kh JJuHapau. komc je kom- nAencuja CBeTAuja Hero luto je y npoceHHor HHHapapa, Ty OAAHKy Hac^eljeH creKao, npeno CBojHX 6ah- >khx npepaua, oa A3.a>hx npepaua Koj h cy npHnaAaAH hckom hopah- ckom hah ynoAa hopahckom o6AHKy. Aah mhcjhm Aa ce to Mecio Ae- maBa, Aa je to, y BeheM 6pojy cAy- HajeBa, HajBepoBaTHHje. HMa askac JJ HHapapa KojH y hckoahko, cacBHM HBAa^ena, AHue Ha HopAHCKe A>yAe, a HMa hx, HanpOTHB, Koj h AHue Ha npanaAHHKe — MeAHTepaHcae pacHe rpyne, Kao iuto heMO Maao AOUHHje BHAeTH. Aah, Aa HaraacHM, OBa CBeTAHja BapujaHTa KAacHHHor JJu- Happa, Tj. jjHHapcKor pacHor Tuna, hhth je paca (pacHH Tun) 3a ce6e, hh o6aacHH Tun, hh yonuiTe HeuiTO OApeljeno, Aanae caMOcraAHO. To je y CTBapu KBaHTHTaTHBHa Bapu- jaHTa Koja noTceha Ha KBaaHTaTUBHe BapujaHTe npoiuAOCTH. HeMa Aanae cyMit>e: JJunapcKa pacHa rpyna y 6noreHeTCKOM je cpoACTBy ca Hopahckom rpynoM paca. Aah, Kao luto caM h obag h paHHje y ApyroM jeAHOM caonuiTetfcy noMeHyo, AHHapcKH pacHu ranoBH noTnyHO cy cjiopMHpaHH, oHano hcto K ao H THnOBH HOPAHCKH HAH Me- AHiepaHCKu. Hth, Apyruuje peneHO, u MeAHTepaHCKH pacHii o6ahuh h hoahckh y BpeMeuy 6e3npeKHAHO eBOABupajy, h HopAHCKa h MeAH- TepaHCKa paca AHHaMuuHe cy Kao h j^HHapcKa paca 4 . A caAa HeKOAHKO peuu o npeA- u>ea3HCKOM eAeMeHTy. y hckhm Ha- iuhm KpajeBHMa, HapouHTO Meljy My- CAHM3 HHM3 H TaMO TA G Cy Ce OCM3H- AHCKH 3aBOjeBaUH Ay*C 3aApAa cc h koa pacHo hhcthx ,D,h- Hapapa, HapouHTO Kao 4 >h3hothom- cko ooeAeaije, H3BecaH Tpar npep- K>oa3HCKe pace. Obh eAeMeHTH Jep- MeHCKor pacHor Tuna CKopauntu cy, CaCBHM npOTHBHO OA HOpAHCKHX eACMeHaTa. ZIok cy hopahckh eAe¬ MeHTH TparoBH ApeBHe 6op6e paca, obh uocAeAft>H ecjieMepHH cy yTH- uaju xhctophckhx BpeMeHa. BHAeAH cmo KaKO ce HcnoA>aBajy oerapH HOpAHCKHX yTHpaja (Ha3bh AHHap- ckh pacHH Tun, CBeTAHja BapujaHTa KAacHUHor JlHHapua hta.). Hanpo- thb npeAU>oa3HCKH yTHpajH jaBJbajy ce cnopaAH mho, He CTBapajy hh 3a- ce6Hy pacy (pacHH Tnn) hh OApeljeH 06 AaCHH th n. ZlHHapuH jepMeHCKHX npiiMeca HCK./by i iHBO npHnaAajy kab- chhhoj UHHapCKoj pacH. Oa TOr Tuna pa3AHKyjy ce jeAHHO 4>h3ho- rHOMHjOM, HeHHM HeoApeljeHHM OKO OHHjy, h noHeKaA HeuiTO hhachm pacTOM. Aah hh y kom CAyaajy OB3KBH HHAHBHAyH HG HHHe 3aCe- 6aH cjiHKCHpaH THn. Koa Hac, koa M ycAHM3Ha, HMa npHnaAHHKa Jep- MeHCKor pacHor THna. HpeMa TOMe jepMeHCKH eAeMeHaT koa ZtHHapapa npoy3poueH je MeiuaiteM paca. HMa Aax jič oco6a ca npeTeuiHor AHHap- CKHM OCOSHHaMa H ca jepMeHCKHM yTHpajHMa, jepMeHCKHM npHMecaMa. A caA ce iiht3mo : HMa ah Jep¬ MeHCKH paCHH THn OH 3 K 3 B HCTH HAH CAHH 3 H yTHuaj Ha eBOAypHjy, Ha (JiopMHpaH>e ZlHHapcKe pacHe rpyne, Kao iuto ra HMa HopAHCKa paca ? Tj., ApyrMuje peueHO, Aa ah je no- jaBa jepMSHCKHX eACMCHaTa koa ZIh- napapa caMO nojaBa yKpuiTaBait>a obhx paca y hckoahko nocAeAH>HX reHepapnja, hah nocToje h TparoBH BpAO cTapHX yTHuaja, nocToju ah 3 ajeAHHUKa eBOAypHja y npouiAO- cth ? 3 a Hac je Ba«do obo nocAeAft>e. 40 COUHJAJIHO MEHHUHHCKH nPEfJlEA Jep naHamiba yKpiHTaBaiba, naHa- iiiii>n MemaHpH h caBpeMeHH hobh yTHpajH noju HeMajy HHK3KBy bhh- Hy yjiory y nojyqepaimboj pa- CHoj eBOJiyunjH JlnHapaga, y 4>op- MHpaiby pacHHX n yiKHx o6;iacHHx TnnoBa namer BpeMeHa — Hac OBfle He 33HHM3. Hac HHTepecyje caiuo 6noreHe3a HnHapapa. Ten OHna Kan 6yneMO no3HaBa^fH 6noreHe3y h OCHOBH y HHHaMHKy C3BpeMeHHX HH- HapcKHX o6jinKa — Mohn heMO ja ce ynyiiiTaMO y aeiajbHy aHa,TH3y £aHaimt)HX nojaBa. 3a HopnncKe yTHgaje mojkcmo ca CHrypHomhy tbphhth na cy ocTagH paHHje AHHaMHKe. A to CTora ihto H 3p33HTHX npeTCT3BHHKa HopHHCKe pace, npeTCTaBHHKa CTapoceae^aua, Meljy HaiHHM (cpncKoxpBaTCKHM)H,H- HappHMa can hhh HeMa h;ih cy BHiue Hero peTKH, Taxo na hx ja no na- H3C HHC3M Morao KOHCTaTOB3TH, OCHM y HeKOJiBKO cnopannqHHx c.nyqajeBa. JIok HanpoTHB nocToje oco6e H3- pa3HTor JepMeHCKor THna. Man 3Ha- MO H H>HXOBO XHCTOpHCKO nOpeKJIO. Aah, c npyre CTpaHe, HeMaMO hh- k3kbhx flOKa3a na ^iaTeHTHO nocToje jepMeHCKH ejieMeHTH y pacHOM cy6- CTpaTyMy, y ochobh nocrama ZIh- Hapapa, Kao ihto 6h xTeo Mena- hobckh. no HaiueM MHiuji>eii>y cxBa- Tait>e MeKaHOBCKor h npyrnx nojb- ckhx ayTopa caMO je xnnoTe3a 6e3 CTBapHHX HOKa3a. THMe He tbpahm na He nocrojn HHKaKaB aijiHHHTeT H3Mei]y nHHap- CKHX H jepMeHCKHX oSjiHKa. Ohh cy ce MOiKna, y naneKoj npoiunocTH, napajie^iHO pa3BHJin, cb3kh v cbom xpajy h He3aBHCHO, Kao cacraBHH nejioBH pacHor KOHrnoMepaTa HeKo- jihkhx Hapoaa. EBOJiypHje cy hm napa^e^He jep cy KOMnoHaHTe ibh- XOBHX HHH3MHK3 HCTe HJIH CKopo HCTe, a yragajH 6e3Mano hcth. JlHHapau ce pa3BHO caMOCTajiHO, Kao ihto ce h npenH>oa3HjaT pa3BHO He3aBHCHO on mera, a jih cjihhho h nonynapHO. y naneKoj 6HoreHe3H npenft.oa3HCKor kjik JepMeHCKor pacHor Tnna (Ty 3anoaBO HMa Bnuie TnnoBa noje 6h neTajbHOM crynH- jOM MOpanH OHpeHHTH H HHCTHHr- BOBaTn) HMa MO>KHa MenHTepa hckh eneMeHaT 3H3 tho Beher ynena Hero ihto ra HMa y CTaapait>y HnHapcKe rpyne paca, h MenHTepaHCKH h opn- jeHTanHH. O Me^yco6HOM HacrenHOM on«ocy obhx ho can noMeHyTHX pacHHx e^ie- MeHaTa — o OHHOcy hhhb pcKor, Hop- HHCKor h jepMeHCKor eneMeHTa — HHcaM 3a can y craiby na KanceM HeuiTO neijiH hhthbho. HcnHTao caM Bpno ManH 6poj noponnua. Ajih Ha- npoTHB mhcjihm na caM peuiHO npo- 6neM OHHOca ,H,HHapcKe ca MenH- TepaHCKOM pacHOM rpynoM. * npe Hero ihto npeljeM Ha naibe H3naraibe menHM Ha HanoMeHeM KaKO no mom cxBaTan>y nocToje Tpn Me- HHTepaHCKa pacHa rana (tph Me- HHTepaHHHa). O OBOj HHIbeHHgH HHje ce BonH.ro HOBOJbHO paqyHa. JenaH AT/iaHTOMenHTepaHCKH pacHH rnn (h^TH JlHTOpaJIHH). To cy bhcokh (koh Hac cy bhcokh!) h upHOMatbacTH H0JiHX0Ke4)anH. ZlpyrH je MennTe- paHCKH paCHH THn nyrOJIHHHCKe KOH- CTHTypnje. To je KnacHHHa Menn- TepaHCKa paca (h^h HH3ynapHa) — HoTaHTponyc MenHTepaHeyc eypo- neyc, cy6Bap., Mor Be^iHKor yqn- Tejba noK. npoif). Sergi Giuseppe-a. no ibeMy MeHHTepaHap HMa OBe oco6nHe: JTy6atba je nyryjbacTa, H0JiHX0Me30M0p(}iHa, no o6nHKy je enHncoHHHa h neHTaroHanHa, a Me- TpnoKeijia^Hor je KanagHTeTa. Jinge je jienTonpo3onH0 ca ecTeTCKHM obo- HHHHM H e.THnCOHHHHM oSjIHgHMa. IlIapeHHHe cy TaMHe, KecTeibaBe h^ih gpHe, 6eoH>aqa je yBeK 6ena. Hoc ce HCTHne, ^enTOMeaopHHCKor je 06- jiHKa. Konca je gpHnypacTa. Koca ce je TaMHa, upHa, KecTen>aBOTaMHa. MajbaBOCT Ten:a je yMepeHa, anH cy nnane Ha jiHgy pa3BHjeHe. IIo mom cxBaTaiby y3 oBaj hmbmo MennTe- paHCKH paCHH THn KpaTKOHHHHCKe KOHCTHTyu;Hje. 3a cana He mkc^hm na H3HeceM iberoBe KapaKTepncTHKe C0U.HJAJ1H0 MEilHUMHCKH riPErjlEfl, 41 h H>eroBy 6HoreHe3y. CaMO noMH- H>eM aa ce oa npBora pa3AHKyje ah- reCTHBHHM KOHCTHTyi],HOHaAHHM 06 - ah uHMa h jom HeKOM c^aČHje ynaA- jbHBOM KapaKTepHCTHKOM. BnAetieMO AOUHnje 3auiTO je 6 hao noTpe 6 HO Aa HanaacHM Kano nocrojn h OBaj MeAHTepaHHA AnrecraBHHx o6nHKa. y3rpe^ Aa HanoMeHeM h MeAH- TepaHOHje. To cy ABa pacHa mna ko j h ce oa Me^HTepanHAa pa3Jin- K yjy y iviaBHOM no o 6 AHKy rjiaBe. MeAHTepaHOHAH cy Me30Ke(})aAH hah cy yMepeHn 6 paxHKe(j)aAH. 06a cy CKAOHa AHreCTHBHHM KOHCTHTyaUHO- H3AHHM oSAHLjHMa. JeASH je C3CBHM TaMHe KOMn^eKcnje — MeAHTepaH- ckh Me30Ke(j)anHH pacHH ran, a Apy- roMe cy uiapeHHue cBerae, Hajnemhe 3eAeHKacTe hah 3eAeHKacTocnBe. To je MeAHTepaHCKH Me30KeaAHn pa- chh ran CBeTAHx inapeHHua. 06a caM rana ao caAa 3Bao 6paxnKe- (jjaAHHM. Bnhe 6oA>e Aa nx Ha 30 - BeMO Me30Ketj)aAHHM, jep hm je raaBa BHine Me30Mopc})Ha Hero 6paxn- Mop(})Ha. 6 3a BpeMe EKcneAHunje UeHTpan- hot xHrnjeHCKor 3 aBOAa y Xepue- roBHHH, 1936 r., 3araM 3a BpeMe CBor 6 aBA>eH>a y KoHaBAHMa 1938, a Haponn-ro 1937 HcnnTyjyliH cra- HOBHHUITBO jy5KHOAaAM3THHCKHX O- TOKa, Aouiao caM ao h3bcchhx 3 ana- >Kan>a Koja cy mh oSjacHHna MHore MOMeHTe H3 pacHe AHHaMHKe JIh- Hapaua. Obac He mhcahm Aa H3HeceM pe- 3yATaie cbhx obhx CBojnx Hcnnra- Baita, Beh yKpaTKO caMO oho ihto je ochobho a ihto ce oahoch Ha 6 HOAHHaMHKy Rmiapau,a. y HaAMapnjH, no otouhm3 h npn- MopcKHM rpaAOBHMa, cycpeheMOAO- CTa necTO nncTe npnnaAHHKe Me- AHTepaHHAa hah MemaHpe ca hckhm M eAHTepaHCKHM oco6nHaMa. TaKo Ha npHMep Ha OTOKy IIlHnaHy. Ty caM, y JlyuH, Hanmao Ha H3BecHe noAarae o nopeKAy CTaHOBHHiuTBa. 1 1 Obo HcnaTHBatbe oMoryhno mh je r. Dr Jocnn Ja6jiaHOBHh, 6an flpHMopcKe 6a- HOBHHe, Ha qeMy My n OBne 3axBajbyjeM. Oho je BaH cBane cyMH>e mhxom AOceA>eHO H3 jy>KHe XepperoBHHe, HapoHHTO c rionoBor rioA>a, Kao h yonuiTe ca KonHa, H3 riejbeinua, na h Bone KoTopcne. JlocejbaBanH cy ce nojeAHHAH, hah cbmh hah ca CBojHM nopoAHpaMa. ITa h oho CTa- pnje CTa hobhhujtbo Mopa Aa je no- peKAOM ca KonHa. To 6 h motah Aa cyAHMO no npe3HMeHHMa h HMe- hhm3. Oa 1536 r. na ao cpeAHHe XVI Bena H3A33HMO Ha AHHHa HMeHa : Ct3hko, Bouiko, JIa3ap, HBaHHiu, PaAO, PaAeHKO, Bha, Mhxoh, >Khb- ko, >Khbh1i, na HieHCKa HMeHa RHKa, Zlpanca, TKHBa, y3 oČHHHHja HMeHa Kao ihto cy Crajeno, llacKoje, Hh- koa3 , MapKO, ToMa, HBaH, TlaBao, PleTap, hah AHTyH, BAaxo, Mhxo, MapHH, MaTKO, h Apyrpa. OBa cy nocAeAfta aokbahot KapaKTepa, ao- KaAHe BapnjaHTe yo6n4ajeHHX ahh- hhx HMeHa. Aah OHa npBa aokb- 3yjy HaM KonHeHO nopeKAO ct3hob- HHiuTBa OTora Ulanaua. HaiKaAOCT y ppKBeHHM MaTHpaMa, na hh y pa3HHM nonncHMa, Kao y roAHinii>aKy SpaTCTBa Cb. OrecjiaHa HeMaMO ah- peKTHHx noAaTaKa o nopeKAy AHpa Koja ce TaMO noMHH>y. Aah je Aa- Hac y HapOAy jkhbo npeAaibe Aa cy m3xom, h OHe HajcTapnje nopoAHue, „H3 BocHe“ hah „H3 Cp6Hje“. JeABa HX je HeKOAHKO H3 ,H,y 6pOBHHKa H MTaAHje. Ra cy AOceA>eHH cbh h3 „3eMaAja CBeTora CaBe“ oahocho „h3 TypcKe“, AOKa3yjy HaM h npe- 3HMeHa. Oa 1536 na ao 1570 Han- A33HMO h Ha OBa npe3HMeHa: Xejb- 6nh, ToMauieBHh, UBHjHfr, HBaHO- bhT, Baamnli, BouiKOBHh, PaAOBnh, O6pa3HH0BHh, Zja6H)KHHOBHh, npo- AaHnh, OritaHOBHh, PaAOBaHOBHh, MapTHHOBHh, PaAyHKOBHh, XpeA>Hh, XI,HBH3Hh, MhihhhobhIi, HhkoahIi, flaBOBHh, ByKOBHh, KocaHOBufr, Tla- uinh, TKhbkobhIi, BpyHHii,a, MycHh, XpaHHh, MHxoHeBHh, Bypnh, Ca- mokob, Hexaja, CaHAaJbHh, ITph6h- caBHh, Upita, TAyxah, FAyxoBHh, KpBapHh, PaAHHOBHh, MapKOBHh, MHxajAOBHh, J],paKOBHn.a, Žlparah, TiyK, ByHouia, BacHA.eBHh, 06AaqHh, jTočpHHOBHh, HBaHHineBHh, .Hecno- 42 C0UHJAJ1H0 MEflHUHHCKH nPEn/lEfl TOBHh, TOMKOBHh, MHJIHHOBHh, Mh- jbym, Pa.n,Hh, y ckok, ,fl,yiiiHua, ToMa- uinh, ByxajioBnh, BnnaKOBHh, Upne- Majio, Maram, ra3HB04a ht 4 . TaKBHX H CJIHMHHX npe3HMeHa HM3MO h 4011 ,- HHje, y npyroj nojiOBHHH XVI Bena, na n y XVII BeKy. Ha npHMep, 4 a noMeHeM joui HeKa, BaonoBHh, By- KauoBuh, TKelja, JlnjeBaKOBHh, Upa- qeBnua, Bpyhnua, Ba6nh, BoikhIi, Mapnh, r^aBah, HyuiHh, Po6ob, Fa- paBHHpa, HexaMh, Jemah, Jlparo- jeBnh h 4pyra. O 4 ohhx paHHjnx npe 3 HMeHa HeKa C 4 y XVII h XVIII BeKy BHine He noMHH>y, a Hena cy ocTa^a h anHac. JIhhh3 h nopo 4 HHHa HMeHa, Kao h HapoiiHO npe 4 ame 40 BomHH cy HaM 40 Ka 3 H 4 a je CTaHOBHHLUTBO JIyKe Ha IllHnaHy HajBehuM 4ejiOM CTapHHOM ca KonHa, H 3 KpajeBa aaVbe oa Mopa, oa ceBepa h ceBepoHCTOKa. A th KpajeBH aaHac cy HacTameHH CKOpO HCKJbyHHBO npHna 4 HHUHMa ZlHHapcKe rpyne paca. A t3kbo je CT 3 HOBHHUJTBO 6hjio 6 e 3 cyMme H npe flBe hjih Tpu ctothhc ro 4 HHa. Penim cmo 4a ce AOcemaBaiba HHcy BpuiHJia y rpynaMa, Beh #a cy Ha UlnnaH npejia 3 H, 7 iH 6 e 3 Majio noje- 4 HHIIH H JIH aOMahHHH ca CBOjHM no- pOAnpaMa. To ce hcto erpyjaibe CTaHOBHHiiiTBa HacTaBmio h 4aHac. HajsehHM asaom 40 ,/ia 3 e M 4 a 4 HhH c KonHa as ce Ha IIlHnaHy aceHe, 404 a 3 e Ha jkchhho HMame. HcTe OBe no 4 aTKe Ha.aa3HMO K 04 Hjinje Chh 4 hk 3 . 7 Ajih He caMO 3 a JIyxy uiHnaHCKy Beh 3a ueo Tepn- Topnj ZIy6poBaqKe Peny6jiHKe, na h 3a caM rpa 4 Uy6poBHHK. Chh 4 hk H ajiaan cjiHHHa HMeHa y H.y6poB- HHKy Beh y X h y XI BeKy. Bh 4 hmo A anjie Aa ce nocieneHa h TpajHa hh- tjiH^TpaiiHja KonHeHor CTa hobhhiii- TBa Meljy o6am ko h octpbcko cia- HOBHHUITBO BpiUH 04 npBHX 4aHa Hame xHCTopnje. Ajih y3acBe th T paroBH HajcTapnjer cTaHOBHHUiTBa HHcy hh aaHac HecrajiH, HapoHHTO 0H4,e rne hmbmo KOHTHHyHpaHO Ha- ceme, Kao Ha LllHnaHy h Kojioneny. BeKOBHMa 4.aK4e Tpaje nocTeneHa HH(})HJITpaUHja 4HHapCK0r CT3H0B- HHiiiTBa. BeKOBHMa ce hs IUHnaHy 4HHapCK0 CTaHOBHHLUTBO OČHaBJba. Ajih HnaK Ha LIiHnaHy hmbmo hh- cthx yKpiuTeHHx npuna^HHKa Me- 4 HTepancKHX pacHHx o6^HKa.Ma;io je 6 hjio 40ce4.eHHKa H3 ,Hy6poB- hhk 3, a jom Mame H3 MTajmje. Ohh HHcy motjih 4.a ocTaBe tojihko Me- 4HTe. 3hckhx TparoBa, thm npe ihto cy nocejbeHHUH H3 ,Hy6poBHHKa ca¬ MO H3y3eTHO motjih na npHnanajy MeHHTepaHCKHM paCHHM OČJIHUHMa. (Taanjie naKJie tojihkh y 4 eo Me 4 H- TepaHCKHX o6;iHKa y pacHOM kohtjio- MepaTy umnaHCKor CTaHOBHHiHTBa? npocTO onaTJie uito je MeAHTepaH- CKa pacHa rpyna 40 mhhh hthh npeMa JlHHapcKoj rpynn. y munaHCKoj JlyKH hm3 mhoto pacHO MemoBHTux SpaKOBa, Kao yocTa;iOM CByna y CBeTy. HcnHTao caM 40 CTa t3kbhx oiyqajeBa. Pe- 3yjiTaTH cy Burne Hero jacHH. Ebo HeKOJiHKO npHMepa: 1 — Mya< THnnnaH HuHapap. npHna^a HnHapcKOM npHMopcKOM odjiacHOM THny o KOMe he nouHnje 6 hth penH. HH4.eKC rjiaBe 928. KpB- Ha rpyna A. >KeHa npnnana MejHTepaHCKOM pacHOM THny nyrojiHHHCKe kohcth- Tyunje. Boja Koce cacBHM upHa. LUapeHHo,e TaMHOKecTemacTe, CKopo cacBHM upHe. HHneKc rjiaBe 784. KpBHa rpyna O. npBO MymKO 4eTe jecre H3pa3HT MeaHTepaHap. HHneKC 766. KpBHa rpyna A. FIpyro MymKO neTe hcto Tauo npHnana Me^HTepaHCKoj pacH. Hh- AeKC 781. KpBHa rpyna A. 2 — MajnHHa Majna THnHHHa Me- 4HTepaHKa. CTapnpa je cyxa, 3rp6- jbeHa, Majia. Hhuckc 760. KpBHa rpyna A. (MajnHH OTau, HHje >khb, 6ho je „n.iaB“ H BHCOKj. Majna no cbom H3rae4y h no cbhm CB ojnM 04JIHK3M3 npHna^ajia 6 h mom Me4HTepaH0H4y TaMHe KOMn^encHje. PacTa je cpeAmer (1665), HH^eKcje C0UHJAJ1H0 MEflHUMHCKM IlPEE/lEA 43 - 820, KOHCTHTyL(nja KpaTKOJIHHHCKa, rpypn cy BeoMa pa3BHjeHe, KOMnpeK- cnja noTnyHO TaMHa. KpBHa rpyna A. OTauHnHapau. Bppo bhcok (1825), Koca n ppane Ha ^nuy neereibaBO njiaBKacTe, HHpenc 842, KpBHa rpy- na B. Chh H3pa3HT MepHTepaHau, ajiH HeniTO BHLtier pacia (1692), HHpenc 762, KpBHa rpyna A. Khn MepnTepaHonp TaMHe kom- npencnje. HHpenc 798, KOHCTHTy- pnja HHrecTHBHa, KpBa rpyna A, 3 — MajKa npeieJKHO ŽlHHapKa. JlHUe LOHpe, HH>Ke. yTHUajH HCTOHHO- eBponcKH (na3H: He čapTHCKH Beh npeMa Mojoj HOMeHK./iaTy pn hcto- HHoeBponcKH!). KoHCTHTyuHja He- jacHa. HHAeKC 927. KpBHa rpyna A. (Map AijiaHTOMeaHTepaHau hph npnBH,2HO ATPaHTOMepHTepaHap. Bh- CHHa 178, HHpenc 784. KpBHa rpy- na O. Chh H3pa3HT ATpaHTOMepHTepa- Hap. Hhhpckc 746, KpBHa rpyna A. KhH hcto. HHpenc 762, KpBHa xpyna A. 4 — Orap MepnTepaHap, BHCHHe 165, HHpenc je 776, KpBHa rpynaA. Majna npeieJKHo HcTOHHOMepH- TepaHCKor pacHOr THua. HHpenc 902. KpBHa rpyna AB. Chh MepnTepaHap, HHpenc 777, KpBHa rpyna AB. CTapHja kKh HcroHHoeBponcnor rana, HHpenc 884, KpBHa rpyna AB. M;iafja kHh MepHTepaHna, HHpenc 765, KpBHa rpyna AB. 5 — Zlepa ZlnHapau,, bhcok 174, HHpenc 883, KpBHa rpyna A. OTap ZlnHapau, bhcok 175, hh- penc 850, KpBHa rpyna A. Majna npeTenrao MepnTepaHonp, ophocho npHBHpHO MepnTepaHonp (MemaHap). KoHCTHTypHja cnopo pw- reCTHBHa. y (j)H3HOrHOMHjH HM3 PH- HapCKHX PpTa (HapOHHTO o6^hk ho- ca). BHCHHa 166, HHpenc 799. KpBHa rpyna A. HajcTapnjH chh H3pa3HT ZlnHapap. BncHHa 175, HHpenc 869. KpBHa rpy- na A. Cpepitn chh MepnTepaHap HeuiTO BHuier pacTa (169), HHpenc 757. KpB¬ Ha rpyna A. HajMPaljH chh AipaHTOMepHTepa- Hap OPHOCHO npHBHPHO ATPaHTOMe¬ pHTepaHap (MemaHap). BncHHa 170 (hmh 17 rop.), HHpenc 768. KpBHa rpyna A. KhH HHcra MepniepaHKa pyro- PHHHcne KOHCTHTyuHje. (Hiwa 16 ro- PHHa). CencyaPHO cacBHM pa3BHjcHa (rpypn BeoMa HcranHyTe), HHpenc 756, KpBHa rpyna A. — Ob3kbhx cphhhhx npHMepa Hamao caM pocTa, h Ha OTony IUh- naHy h no ppyrHM MecTHMa npn- Mopcne JZaPMauHje, a h y Grapoj UpHoj Topn. M3 HbHx 3aKP>yqyjeM cpepehe: MepHTepaHCKH pacHH g6phph po- MHH3HTHH cy y Hacpeljy npeMa pn- HapCKHM 06/IHUHMa; PeaKTHBHpafce pace HacTyna nap ce y3 Beh nocTojehn paieHTHH Ha- cpepHH eJieMeHai jaBP>a hobh yra- paj nojn pepyje y hctomc CMHCPy; HacpetjHBaftie kpbhhx rpyna BpuiH ce cacBHM HeaaBHCHO op HacpeljHBa- na pacHHx epeMeHaia. H 3 CBera uito cmo po capa H3- HePH jacHO ce bhph ihto noppa3y- MeBaMO nop peanraBHpaibeM pace. O TOMe caM nncao h paHHje, y ppyroM jepHOM caonmTen>y 8 . Pe- aKTHBHpaH>e pace je Bppo necia nojaBa. OHa je Haj6op>H pona3 pa je caMa paca poMHHaHTHa ophocho pepecHBHa a He nojepnHe oco6hh6 oBe hph OHe pace. PeaKTHBHpafoe pace y CTBapH je. hcto ihto h Hcnop>aBait>e pomh- H3HTH0CTH jepHe pace. Hhcth pacHH o6phuh jaBP>ajy ce no 3anoHHMa Hacpelja. Ohh cy BpeMeHCKH TpajHH, nocToje y cbhm3 reHepapnjaMa, pon HanpoTHB yKpmieHH o6phph nona- 3yjy Beha BapHpaiba. OBpe 6h 6hpo noTpeČHO pa ce 3app>KHM Ha npo6peMy kpbhhx rpy- na. Aph o TOMe caM paHHje nncao 8 . Cepopouine ocoSHHe Hacpel)yjy ce He33BHCHO op pacHe npnnapHOCTH, a npeMa TOMe He3aBHCHO op koh- ■44 C0UMJAJ1H0 MEAHUMHCKH nPErjlEfl CTHTyuHje. KpBHe rpyne HeMajy hh- KaKBe Be3e c obom Hnn ohom pacoM. Ajih no hfaHMa, y H3BecHHM cnyqa- jeBHMa, MO)KeMO na cynHMO o Behoj vuiu Maifcoj xoMoreHocrn Hene no- nynapHje. Ako je HeKO ct3hobhh- ujtbo noera CTapo, ano He*\ia hobhx nocen>aBan>a, cnnna kpbhhx rpyna 6nhe jenHoeraBHHja. Ha OTOtne pe- chth n ca pacoM. Kan ce y H3BecHy nonynauHjv He nocen>aBajy necTO ocoše ca cipa hhm pacHHM eneMeH- THM3, a HapOHHTO npHnapHHIJH Ty- 1)HX P0MHH3HTHHX paca — CT3HOB- hhhitbo nodaje pacHO xoMoreHnje. To je cnynaj ca hckhm HacejbHMa y 3anapHoj XepperoBHHH, na ca nonoBBM IlojbeM — rne cy cnopo cbh XepueroBanKor Tnna — hph ca KoHaBnnMa me je orpoMHa Be- hHHa hhct J],HHapan. ,To 3Hann na no yqecTanocTH pacH«x eneMeHaTa y Henoj nonynau,njn nano ce OHa naHac jaBjba, hh y kom cnynajy He MO)KeMO cyn«TH o yqecranocTH thx mcthx (n jih c/ihhhhx) pacHnx ene- MeHaTa y npomnocTH, a npeMa to- Me hh o yno3H H3BecHnx nneMeHa h nn Hapona y eTHHHKOM (})opMHpa- my Te nonynapnje. JenaH npnMep: y XV n XVI Beny JyrocnoBeHH H3 eTHHHKH nHHapcKHX KpajeBa Hace- jinnn cy H3BecHe nocTa npocTpaHe KpajeBe cpepme HTannje (Apepo— KneTHHo). Ohh cy eBanano npnna- nann ZlHHapcKOj pacn. flocTeneHHM nonnpoM, h KynTypHHM h 6hopo- IHKHM, ca OKOPHHM MenHTepaHCKHM crapocepeopHMa H3ry6Hnn cy CBojy naponHy HHnnBHnyanHOCT ann hcto Taxo h CBoje ochobho pacHO o6e- nernje. ZUHac cy h ohh MepHTe- paHUH, oahocho nHHe jenaH o6na- CHH MenHTepaHCKH paCHH THn. no- tomi],h, nopHHje reHepapnje thx po- cen.eHHx JyrocnoBeHa HHcy 6nne noSnjeHe, hh pacen>eHe, hhth cy npyKHHje H3yMpne. OHe cy ce mho- >KHJie HHTCH3HBHO KaO H y CBOjoj CTapoj nOMOBHHH. AnH OHaKO HCTO KaO IHTO cy CKOpO CaCBHM 3CHMH- noBaHe KynTypHO (h je3HHHo) Tano cy acHMHnoBaHe h OnonomnH. Zla 6 h HaM ČHonnHaMHKa ZlnHa- pana 6nna jacHHja, HaBeinhy jom Henonnno npHMepa HacnetjHBaiba pa- chhx MaHH(j)ecTauHja : 1 —OTauZlHHapap yMepeHe 6pa- XHKecj)anHje (821). KpBHa rpyna B. Majna ZlHHapna, ann hcto TaKO yMepeHO 6paxHMop(j)Ha (820). KpBHa rpyna O. ZlBa chh 3 , jom cy Mnann (10 h 12 ron.); MncnHM na npnnanajy ATnaHTOMenHTepaHcnoj pacH. Hh- neKCH 773 h 756. KpBHe rpyne: B H O. 2 — OTap yKpurreH THn, npe- TeaKHne mapeHe (6p. 8). Koca cbct- COUMJAJIHO MEHMLLHHCKH UPErjlEfl 43 - ponecTertaBa. HHpenc 880. KpBHa rpyna A. Chh HH)Ker pacTa, MepHTepaHap. HHpenc 758, KpBHa rpyna A. KhH je ypaTa. My* joj je Hapo- hhto bhcok ( 176 ), THnHHaH je X(aP- MaTHHap, Koca My je necTep>aBa, •mapeHHue cy TaMHOKecTeft>aBe, a HHpenc 965 . KpBHa rpyna A. Chh H 3 obot Špana je THnnqaH MepHTepaHap; HHpenc 743. KpBHa rpyna A. 4 — OTap MepHTepaHap, cyx, OMap>H. HHpenc 751 . KpBHa rpyna A. Majna H3pa3HTO pnrecTHBHHX 06 - jiHna, yrojeHa, MepHTepaHonp, hh- penc 831, npBHa rpyna O. KKh MepHTepaHna npaTKOPHHH- cne noHCTHTypHje. HHpenc 746 . KpB¬ Ha rpyna A. 5 — Kepa h 6 aSa thphhhh J\u- HappH. HHpencH 878 h 956 . Oiap JlHHapap. HHpenc 888 . >KeHa My MepHTepaHna pnre- cthbhhx oSpHna. MHpenc 763. Chh h 3 Tor Špana ,Z],HHapap pap- m 3 th Hcnor oSpacHor THna (Tj. rpa- Ba je piHpona h Bppo pyraHna). HHpenc 978. Koca je Se 3 neoHHX 3aPH3ana. J(eBojqHpa npep nySpTeTOM. Th- nHHHa MepHTepaHna phthcthbhhx oSpnna. HHpenc 758 . — Haseo caM jom HenoPHno npn- Mepa, op BHPie peceTHHa cphhhhx, y nojHMa ce flOTBptjyjy ropftH 3a- np>yqpH, nao h Henopnno npHMepa ca ocoSaMa MenraHHX pacHHX oSph- Ka. H3 ft>HX MOTKeMO H3BeCTH jopi jepaH 3anjbyqan, a HapOHHTO nocpe HcnycTBa pjto caM ra poSno y 3a- napHoj XepperoBHHH rpe caM no- CMaTpao HacpepHH ophoc JlnHapcne h KapnaTcne (McTOPHoeBponcne) pa- ce. Oh rpacH: nocToje HacpepHH oSphph noj h cy MymnH, noje oan- pie Hacpeljyjy Mypina pepa, nao h oSpHyTO nocToje pacHH oSphph noje panpie Hacpel]yjy jneHcna pepa. Pace pprecTHBHe noHCTHTypHje (eypHco- MaTHHHe), naopjTOje MepHTepaHcna paca npaTKOPHHHcne KOHCTHTypHje, panpie Hacpe(jyjy pceHcna pepa op Mymnor potomctb3. Ano ce papn o PieHCKOM noTOMCTBy MepmepaH- cna paca npaTKOPHHcne noHCTHTy- pnje y cBHMa cpynajeBHMa je pomh- HaHTHa, panpe h npeMa MepHTepaH- cnoj pacH pyroPHHHcne noHCTHTy ph- je. Žlon HanpoTHB MypinappH panpie Hacpeljyjy pyroPHHHcne pace (panpe pace ca penTOCOMarcnHM ckpoho- CTHMa), HapoHHTO MepHTepaHcne py- roPHHHCne oSpHne. H 3 ropp>HX npHMepa, nao h h3 Se3Spoj ppyrnx cpynajeBa, motph Shcmo ponyqHTH SHoreHe3y Atp8h- TOMepHTepaHcnor THna, HaponHTO ohot PonaPHor oSpnna nojn ce nop Hac jaBP>a. O TOMe peTap^HHje ppy- tom npHPHKOM. OBpe 6hx xTeo ca- mo pa HCTanHeM nano je JlHTopapna paca y HaniHM npajeBHMa (Tj. no paPM3THHCKHM 0T0PHM3 H npHMOp- ckhm rpapoBHMa, a h y ppHorop- ckom npHMOpjv) yBen Bnconor cTaca. HecTO cy obh MepnTepaHHPH bhiph op JX HHapnpa. PlpeMa TOMe CMaTpaM pa ce OBpe JlHTopapHa paca jaBjba nao 3aceoaH oSpacHH THn. A cap HenoPHno penn o HHap- py npHMopcnor oSpacHor THna. Pipe CBera jepHa KOHcraTapHja. X(y)KHHa aTP3HTOMepHTepaHCKHX H MepHTepaHCKHx rpaBa, panpe Me- PHTepaHHpa, He caMO pito je pepa- thbho BePHna, panpe y opHOcy npe¬ Ma pihphhh, Hero je h ancopyTHO. A py6aibe npacHHHHX/],HHapapa iph- pone cy h peparaBHO h ancopyTHO. HeMa cyMft>e pa je npexHCTopH- CKO H npOTOXHCTOpHCKO CT3HOBHH- pitbo ZlapMapnje h jy®He Xeppe- roBHHe, na h Grape U,pHe Tope, ShPO CKOpO M3X0M pOPHXOKe4)aPHO, a no c bo j npHPHpH MepHTepa hckhx oSpnna. To HaM noTBp(jyjy ocTapH nocTypa roMHPa h rpoSoBa, apn HCTO Tano H JKHBH ePCMeHTH ZI,HHap- cnor oSpacHor npHMopcnor THna. X(aPMaTHHpH ca OTona h npHMop- ckhx rpapoBa BehHM pepoM cy Kh- Happn, apn to cy HapoPHTH HHHap- ph. Bhcokh cy, pa3BHjeHH, nopmaTH cy, rpaBa hm je h pepaTHBHO h an- copyTHO ipnpona, apn hm je Tano- 46 C0UHJAJ1H0 ME^HUHHCKH nPErjlEA hcto h BeoMa AyraMKa. Hok je koa H,HHapapa (Tj. koa ka3chhhot Jlvi- Happa oahocho koa mot ,flnHapcKor pacHor Tuna, a Bajb^a TaKO hcto h koa XepueroBaqKor pacHor THna) cpeAft>a BpeAHOCT Ay>KHHe TAaBe 186,2 a uiHpHHe 161,0 — koa obot oSaacHor THna innpHHa ocTaje hctb hah ce He3H3THO Metta, 3ah je Ha- npoTHB Ay®HHa 3H3THO Beha. Koa HeKHx oco6a, He 3H3m Aa ah 6hx peKao H3pa3HTHx npeTCTaBHHKa, py- )KHHa TAaBe MO>xe Aa 6yAe nan orpoMHa. KbeHa cpeAfta BpeAHOCT npehe ce HerAe oko 190 mm, 3ah Moace Aa 6yAe h 3H3tho Beha, ao 196 h 198 mm, na nan h 200 mm. KaKO je BHCHH3 OBHX TAaB3 HCT3 Kao h koa KAacHMHe HHHapcKe pace, KanauHTCT obhx Ay6ait>a je orpo- MaH. Ochm Tora npHMopcKH o6Aa- CHH THM HM3 H H3pOHHTy (j)H3HO- moMHjy. O TOMe ApyroM npHAH- kom. Obac 6hx xTeo Aa noMeHeM Aa je Koca o6hhho (hah mo>ka3 pe- Aobho?) 6e3 neoHHX 3aAH3aKa, Kao uito je koa ,ZI,HHapCKor rana, Beh je hctot o6ahk3 Kao koa MeAHTe- paHOHAa. KocMaracT je Beha Hero iuto je koa 0 CTaAHX X(HHapHAa. Hoc je Maft.e HCT3KHyT, Maite opaobckh, H03ApBe cy m3ao ujnpe, pa3BHjeHHje. OB3KBy pacHy MaHH(j)ecTapHjy ■CMaTpaM o6AacHHM TnnoM jep ce Kao HacAeAHa jeBjba y HH3y reHe- papnja, jep je cj)HKCHpaHa, HapaBHO peAaraBHO (f)HKCHpaHa, Kao h CBaKa Apyra paca hah 6oA>e Kao cbbkh APyrn o6a3chh pacHH th n. CBaKaKO nocToje h Apyrn o6ahph Kojn cy npoH3BOA yKpuiTaBaii)a Jlunaprnia oahocho X( HHapoHAa ca MeAHTepa- HHAHMa h MeAHTepaHOHAaHMa. Aah ohh cy HeoApeljenH, npoA33HH, pe- kah 6hcmo Aa cy „CAynajHH“ h y HacAeljy He noHaBA.ajy ce Kao Ae- (Jjhhhthbhh o6ahph, a yonuiTe Kao t3kbh He HacAel)yjy ce. Tano, Aa HaBeAeM caMO jeAaH npHMep, ycAeA yKpuiTaBa MeAHTepaHCKe h ,H,HHap- CKe pace, koa MemaHapa hm3mo pa- 3He oČAHKe TAaBa h pa3He HHAeKce. JIbo TaKBa ABa CAynaja: 1 — OTap H3pa3HT ZlHHapap; AynKHHa je 195 (paKAe Ha MajKy), a uiHpHHa 157 . Hhackc 784. KpBHa rpyna A. Chh je o>Keft>eH. >KeHa hm 3 npe- tokho AHHapcKe oOahkc, 3 ah cy jacHH h yrapajH HCTOHHoeBponcKH (iiinpoKO AHpe, 3aTynacT hoc h pe¬ Kao 6HX nOAyMOHTOAOHAHe chh), oahocho — KaKO 6 h noA>CKa niKOAa peKAa — oHHTAeAHe cy AanoHOH- AaAHe npHMece. Hy>KHHa TAaBe 171, innpHHa 154 , hhackc 900. KpBHa rpyna O. MyuiKO AeTe H3 Tora 6paKa, oko 6 roAHHa CTapo, H3TAeA.a mh a a npnnaAa MeAHTepaHCKOM rany Ay- toahhhckhx oOAHKa. OMaite je, pp- HOMa^aCTO, AyAKHHa 170, mHpHHa 149, HHAeKC 876, KpBHa rpyna A. Chh Ha hstaca ATAaHTOMeAHTe- paHCKor THna, bhcok 1755, cacBHM PpHOMaftaCT, Ay5KHH3 TAaBe 195, mnpHHa 145, HHAeKC 723. KpBHa rpyna A. Khn CTapnja HeoppeljeHe pace: KecreitaBe 6oje Koce h OHHjy, pacTa cpeAtt>er, 1650 , (toahh 3 18), Ayro- AHHHCKe, hoc MaAO nphacT, TAaBa: AyjKHHa 180, ipnpHHa 142, HHAenc 789. KpBHa rpyna A. Khn MAalja (16 roAHHa) H3pa3HT MeAHTepaHCKH THn AyroAKHCKe koh- CTHTypHje. BncHHa 158. TAaBa:Ay- COUHJAJIHO ME&MUMHCKM IIPEFJIE^ 47 >khH a 190, uiHpHHa 145, hhackc 768. KoMn^eKCHja cacBHM upHa, Ha ycHH- paMa MaibHije. TaKBHX npHMepa motah 6hcmo A a HaBeASMO joui mhoto. HapaBHO Aa je HjHxob3 aHaAH3a Temna, a Ha- POHHTO OHAa K3A He 3H3MO AeAOBe h 6a6e, erpHneBe h yjaKe, oahocho CT pHHe h TeTKe. y OBaKBHM CAyqa- jeBHMa He caMo ihto bhahmo ynp- iuTeHe očahkc, Beh ce nemo jaB- jt>ajy, (jipanaHTHO h H3HeH3AHO, npn- Mepw peaKTHBHpaita pace. noMeHyhy Aa je h Ay6an>a xep- AeroBaHKor h AaAMaTHHCKor Hh- Happa npoceHHO Ay>Ka, na h oha 3 KaA He npnnaAa flpHMopcKOM o6Aa- chom Tnny, oa Ay6ame LIiyMaAHHana htih JlnHapna H3 Crapora B.aaxa. BaA>Aa je h to oeraTaK — nocpeAaH h tih HenocpeAaH — ApeBHHx mcah- TepaHCKHX yTHpaja. np« Kpajv Aa noMeHeM Kano mh je ČHOAHHaMHKa JX HHapapa y oa- HOCy Ca HCTOHHOeBponCKHM pacHHM oOTiHUHMa jom HeAOBOTbHO no3HaTa. Atih mh je Beh caAa jacHO Aa je KapnaTCKH (HcTOHHoeBponcKH) pa- chh Tnn y HacTieAHOM OAHOcy npeMa JtHHappy koa MyuiKor riOTOMCTBa pepHCHBaH a koa nceHCKor necTO (hah yBeK) AOMKHaHTaH. Kano je to 6e3MaAO oiiluth CAynaj, y HeKHM KpajeBHMa OAyAapajy pacHH TnnoBH MyuiKapaua (AHHapcKH) oa THnoBa >KeHa (HeKH o6AacHH HCTonHoeBpon- ckh oStihuh). Elo cbom noBpaTKy H3 XepneroBHHe, 1936 roAHHe, y cbom H3BeuiTajy AnpeKTOpy UeH- TpaAHor xHTHjeHCKor 3aBOAa HaBeo caM h obo : HMa oco6a, a Ha- poHHTO >KeHa, noje npnnaAajy hcto- HHoeBponcKOM pacHOM THny... 3a- nyAO cy koa nceHa OBeAanoHOHAne (JiopMe H3pa3HTe, aok cy koa Mym- Kapapa CAačo jacHe h pelje. OBy nojaBy He Mory Aa o6jacHHM...“. y CTBapn hhc3m ce ocyijHBao Aa je o6jacHHM! Tpe6a Aa 3axBaTiHM B. LLlKepTby, KojH mh je, ynHHHBmn H3BecHy HanoMeHy, noMorao Aa ce6n ctbophm jom jeAHy KOHii,enuHjy H3 AHHaMHKe paca. Zla 3aBpmHMO. ZlnnapuH, Kao Aeo BeTiHKe rpyne EyponHAa, reHeTCKH cy ČTIHCKH HOpAHCKHM OČ>AHAHMa, naK TOAHKO Aa H3B6CHH AHHapcKH THn JBH, Kao nAaBH AHHapcKH H Ep- ckh, HHHe npeAa3 npeMa hckhm Hop- Ahckhm THnoBHMa. C Apyre CTpaHe AHHapcKO CTaHOBHHmTBO, a OAasehn y jyiKHHM KpajeBHMa Hame 3eMTbe y aoahp c nojeAHHHM ocoSaMa Me- AHTepaHCKHX KapaKTepHCTHKa, noT- naAO je noA nocpeAaH h Henocpe¬ AaH 6hoaouikh yTHpaj MeAHTepaH- ckh. Kano cy MeAHTepaHCKH o6ahuh y HacAeljy jann oa AHHapcKHx ycne- ah cy, c jeAHe CTpaHe, Aa ce ao AaHac onyBajy, h ynpKoc SpojHoj HaAMOhHOCTH AHHapCKOT IKHBTba, a c Apyre CTpaHe, Aa Kao AaTeHTHH oahocho jeABa bhahh Tpar AaAeKHx eTHo6noAomKHx 6op6a, c})opMHpajy jeAaH AOK3AHH pacHH THn — ripH- MOpCKH AHHapcKH. TaKO HCTO AH- HapCKH OČAHUH HHCy AOMHH3THH y OAHOcy npeMa HCTOHHoeBponcKHM (JiopMaMa ainra 23, 1926. — 8) BpaHHMHp MaAeui: Paca h KpBHe rpyne, Ha.eje, 6p. 3, 1934. — BpaHHMHp MaAeui: O a>vackhm pacaMa, SnČAHOTeKa KoAapueBor HaponHor yHHBep- 3HTeTa, 6p. 23, 1936. GRUNDZUEGE DER BIOGENESE UND BIODYNAMIK DER DINARISCHEN RASSE von Dr Branimir Maleš Der Verfasser ist auf Grund von Untersuchungen, die er in den Jahren 1936—1938 in der Hercegovina und in Siiddalmatien vorge- noramen hal, zu folgendem Ergebnis gekommen: Die Dinarier stehen als Teil der grossen Gruppe von Europiden genetisch den nordischen Formen nahe, und zwar derart, dass gevvisse dinarische Typen, wie die blonden Dinarier und Erskier, einen LJebergang zu einigen nordischen Typen bilden. Andererseits ist die dinarische Bevolkerung, die in siid- lichen Teilen unseres Landes mit einzelnen Personen mediteranen Cha- rakters in Beriihrung gekommen ist, unter den mittelbaren und unmit- telbaren biologischen mediteranen Einfluss geraten. Nachdem jedoch die mediteranen Formen hinsichtlich der Vererbung starker als die Dinarier sind, ist es ihnen gelungen, sich einerseits trotz der zahlenmassigen Uebermacht der dinarischen Bevolkerung bis heute zu behaupten, ande¬ rerseits jedoch als latente, beziehungsvveise als einzige sichtbare Spuren langst vergangener ethnobiologischer Kampfe einen lokalen Rassentyp zu bilden — den ktistenlandisch — dinarischen Typ. Ebenso sind die di¬ narischen Formen gegeniiber den osleuropaischen Formen nicht domi¬ nant, wenn die Individuen der neuen Generation dem weiblichen Geschlecht angehoren, andererseits sind sie dominant, wenn es sich um das mannliche Geschlecht handelt. ■ I