MM^onorMHecKan cocTaBnnro^afl enaBHHeKOM MXTMOnOrMHeCROM TepMMHOHOrMM
ffaunwc Pa3aycKac
The author discusses the Slavic ichthyological terminology which is either directly connected with some well-known mythological beings or indicates a mythological imagery scarcely characteristic to common living conditions offish. Such ichthyonyms are explained according to the appearance of the fish and its behaviour. Nevertheless, in some cases, semantics of these ichthyonyms conforms to a corresponding mythological motives so well that the influence of mythological world-view on their origin is undoubted.
B cnaBHHcKon uxTuonoruHecKoft TepMuHonoruu uMeeTcH ^nbin nnacT HauMe-HOBaHun pbi6, oTcbinaro^ux KaK HenocpegcTBeHHo k M3BecrabiM Mu^onorunecKuM nepcoHa^aM, TaK u k TaKuM hbmhuhm oKpy:«aro^ero Mupa, KOTOpbie uHorga BecbMa TpygHo bh^tch c o6hhhhmu npegcTaBneHuHMu o pbi6ax u cpegon ux o6uTaHuH. KaK npaBuno, uxtuohumh TaKoro poga o6^hchhmtch BHemHocTbro pbi6bi u oco6eHHocTH-mu ee noBegeHuH, ogHaKo b HeKoTopbix cnynaHx ux ceMaHTuKa HacTonbKo xopomo ot-BenaeT onpegeneHHHM Mu^onorunecKuM MoTuBaM, hto mo^ho u ga^e Heo6xoguMo nocTaBuTb Bonpoc o bhuhhuu Mu^onoruHecKoft KapTuHbi Mupa Ha o6pa3oBaHue coot-BeTcTByro^ux uxtuohumob u, TaKuM o6pa3oM, nonbiTaTbcH BbigenuTb b ux ceMaHTune-ckom MOTUBa^uu Mu^onorunecKyro cocTaBnHro^yro. npu ^TOM BHemHocTb u oco6eH-hoctu noBegeHuH pbi6bi cny^aT numb noBogoM gnH BKnroneHuH «Mu^onorunecKoro perucTpa» MupoBocnpuHTuH.
npuBegeM HecKonbKo KOHKpeTHbix npuMepoB.
Pbi6a-qepr
B cnaBHHcKon uxTuonoruHecKoft TepMuHonoruu b ^TOM oTHomeHuu b nepByro onepegb BbigenHroTcH HauMeHoBaHuH pbi6, npHMo oTcbinaro^ue k TaKoMy Mu^onoru-necKoMy nepcoHa^y, KaK nepT. ^TO pyc. ^epm^^ 'BbroH, yKp. nopm 'Bug pbi6bi, noxo^en Ha ^unoBKy, c munoM-urnon Ha ronoBe, non. czarciuch 'TpexwrnaH Konro^Ka', diabeiek, TaK^e piekielnica '6bicTpHHKa', c.-xopB. davolce 'nogKaMeH^uK' (y nogKaMeH^uKa, no cnoBaM ^.n. Ca6aHeeBa, «orpoMHaH mupoKaH ronoBa, Boopy^eHHaH c Ka^gon cTopo-hh 3arHyTHM munoM, Teno ronoe, rna3a KpacHoro ^eTa, o6pa^eHbi KBepxy») (ycaneBa 2003, 159). Cp. TaK^e pyc. guan. nepmuK, yKp. guan. nopmuK, cnB^ guan. certik 'Tpex-urnaH KonromKa'; «Ha3BaHue Bbi3BaHo HanunueM Ha cnuHe y KonromKu TpexMrnon (KaK u y KonromKu geBHTuurnon) nepeg cnuHHHM nnaBHuKoM ocTpbix KonroneK, KOTOpbie ^Ta pbi6Ka pacronbipuBaeT nogo6Ho poraM b cnynaHx onacHocru unu npu HanageHuu» («b cnoBa^oM H3HKe ^TO HauMeHoBaHue npuMeHHeTcH TaK^e k oKyHro»), npu tom hto
Ta ^e pbi6a no tom ^e npuHUHe b pyccKOM, yKpauHCKOM u nonbcKoM UMeeT Ha3BaHMe po^amKa (KonoMue^ 1983, 19, 23). Cp. TaK^e nuT. Ha3BaHue pbi6bi ragys 'Myoxocephalus quadri c o r n i s' (Urbutis 1981, 158) Hapagy c npo3Bu^eM HepTa (BanbHaca) ragius, ragius (LKŽ XI, 35), o6a Ha3BaHua 6yKBanbH0 03HaHaroT 'poraraM'.
Pbi6a cBa3aHa c HepToM (u npoTUBonocraBneHa Bory u rp0M0Bep^y) no caMoMy MecTy cBoero o6uTaHua - (nog)BogHoMy ^pcrey, pacnono:«eHH0My BHU3y, Ha Hu^HeM koh^ BepTUKanbHoM ocu Tpagu^uoHHoM Mogenu Mupa. B ogHoM hutobckom 6binuHKe npaMo cKa3aH0, hto Žuvis yra priešinga Dievui «Pbi6a npoTUBonono:«Ha Bory» (KAŽ, 77, N 137; LT IV, 447, N 385). Mnu ^e: Meškeriotojai nemegsta, kad bemeškeriojant jiems kas nors pasakyty „padek Dieve", nes mano, kad, taip atsitikus, žuvies nepagaus «Pbi6aKM He nro6aT, ecnu bo BpeMa pbi6anKu KT0-Hu6ygb cKa^eT „Bor b noMo^b", TaK KaK BepaT, hto b TaKoM cnyHae He noMMaroT pbi6bi»; Jei nori pagauti daug žuvy, tai reikia žuvaujant nesakyti: „padek Dieve"... «Ecnu xoHemb noMMaTb MHoro pbi6bi, Ha pbi6anKe cnegyeT He roBopuTb „Bor b noMo^b"...» (Elisonas 1932, 50, N 428, 429). M pyccKuM «BogaHoM He nro6uT myMHHX nrogeM, He nepeHocuT, Korga y Bogbi noMUHaroT 3aM^, MegBega, nona, gbaKa, rocnoga Bora u Boo6^e MHoro u 6e3 gena 6onTaroT: Okoho 3UMHUKa ecmb 3ae3-doK. flxdx CmenaH ^oBopun, nmo b ^moM Mecme MHo^o nonadaem pu6u, monbKo He Hado Hu^e^o ^oBopumb. yMeHH U3 pyK mpu pa3a Bepmu Bumu6an. M KaKyBUMy pu6y, KaMdbiu pa3 u CKawy: „Hy CnaBa Eo^y, MHo^o pu6u!"M Kawdbiupa3 KaK mpecHem no Bepmu, maK bck> pu6y u onycmum (HoBropogcKaa o6n., Beno3epcKuM ye3g)» (PC, 101). Ha BpuTaH-ckux ocTpoBax To^e, HanpuMep, «BcrpeTuTb cBa^eHHUKa no gopore Ha pbi6anKy - He k go6py», a «noMuHaTb uMa rocnoga Bcye, Haxogacb b Mope, - k Hecnacrbro» 0C, 392, 393).
BnonHe ecTecTBeHHo ^0^T0My, hto ynogo6neHue pbi6bi HepTy b 6anTo-cnaBaHcKoM Tpagu^uu cBa3aH0 c MoTuBaMu «ocHoBHoro Mu^a»1. fla u He TonbKo b 6anTo-cnaBaHcKoM: TaK, HanpuMep, «nonapu, cKaHguHaBcKue u ^uHcKue, cHuTanu Mnbro-npopoKa noKpo-BuTeneM ph6hom noBnu» (MaKamuHa 1982, 90). Cp. b ^T0M oTHomeHuu cKaHguHaBcKo-ro rpoMoBep^a Topa, BbiyguBmero Ha pbi6anKe cBoero apxeTunuHecKoro npo-TuBHuKa - 3Mea Mugrapga. B Poccuu, «no ogHuM noBepbaM, BogaHoM 6ouTca rpo3bi u nocbinaeMbix b Hero npopoKoM MnbeM MonHuM, no gpyruM - HanpoTuB, npa3gHyeT MnbuH geHb (ApxaHrenbcKaa o6n., Cu6upb)» (PC, 104). B to ^e BpeMa «pbi6onpoMbim-neHHuKu PyccKoro CeBepa nonaranu, hto ynoB 6ygeT HeygaHeH, ecnu Ha cygHe ecTb y Koro-Hu6ygb 6eneMHuT [rpoMoBaa cTpena], KoToporo pbi6a 6ouTca» (Cfl I, 562). Mo-^eT 6bTb, 3gecb ctout BcnoMHuTb u BHpa^eHue ^poMumb pu6y, HanpuMep, ^poMumb KpacHym pu6y 'nogbiMaTb ee cryK0M u myM0M nogo nbgoM, rge no^uTca 0Ha Ha 3uMy, u nogcTeperaa, BbiTacKUBaTb 6arpaMu', no onpegeneHuro B. flana; «ecTb u oceHHaa ^poM-Ka: HoHbro, c orHeM, c t y k o m u myM0M 3aroHaroT pbi6y, Ha nogKax, b pac-cTaBneHHHe ceTu» (flanb I, 397).
1 Cp. M3BecTHoe npoTMBocToaHMe HepTa (BanbHaca, BanbHca) m rpoMoBep^a (nepKyHaca, nepKyoHca), cTaBmee ogHMM M3 mctohhmkob peKoHcTpy^MM «ocHoBHoro MM^a», npu tom, hto HepT cnacaeTca ot npecnegoBaHMa rpoMoBep^eM, KaK npaBMno, mmchho b Boge (b nepByro oHepegb cm. MBaHoB, TonopoB 1974, 4-103 m cn.). Hago cKa3aTb, hto y^e b gpeBHeeruneTcKoM MM^onoruu b KoHTeKcTax, 6nM3KMx mh-goeBponeMcKoMy «ocHoBHoMy MM^y», pbi6a BbicTynaeT b cooTBeTcTByro^eM ponu; HanpuMep, b 3anucax MMcTepMM, coBepmaBmuxca b xpaMe ropa m Ha3BaHHbix «no6ega ropa» (c^eHa 6), o HeM roBopuTca: «Bot th - ^TM^a He6ec, npoH3aro^aa pw6y b Boge!» (MaTbe 1996, 288). Motmb 6opb6w rpoMoBoM ^TM^w c nog-BogHbMM cy^ecTBaMM mupoKo pacnpocTpaHeH b MM^onoruax aMepMKaHcKMx MHgeM^eB (FW, 1112).
TeM 6onee hbho motmbh «0CH0BH0r0 MH^a» b cbh3m c pbi6on Bbipa:«eHbi b 6an-tmMckoM TpagM^MM: Kai griausmas uzgriaudzia, lydekos ir véziai pasidaro bailus «Korga rpoM rpeMMT, ^yKM m paKM cTaHoBHTbcH 6oH3nuBbiMM» (Balys I, 80, N 948b). B cnegyro-^en nMTOBCKOM 6binuHKe ^ynaK BbicTynaeT 6yKBanbHo b ponu HepTa - npoTMBHMKa rpoMoBep^a nepKyHaca:
Kitq kartq labai griaustinis griovçs. Mergelé éjus per laukq, sijono padalkas atsikaisius, o zaibai taip pliekç jai / akis, taip pliekç. Isgirdus balsq: „Pasileisk sijonq!" Ta mergelépasile-idus, ir iskritçs lydeks. Paéjus kelis zingsnius, tuoj taukst Perkùns / tq lydekq, ir gana «OguH pa3 oneHb cunbHo rpeMen rpoM. fleBymKa mna no nonro, npunogHHB nogon ro6KM, a MonHMM TaK xnecTanu en b rna3a, TaK xnecTanu. Ycnbimana ronoc: „OnycTM nogon!" fle-BymKa onycTuna, m Bbman ^ynaK. npomna HecKonbKo maroB, ToTHac ygapun nepKyHac b ^To^o ^ynaKa, m Bce» (Balys IV, 137, N 4).
O naTbimcKoM HepTe (velns), npoTMBHMKe rpoMoBep^a nepKyoHca, roBopuTcH, hto Përkona laika. akas vins dazreiz parvërsas par zivi «Bo BpeMH rpo3bi... b Konog-^x oh MHorga npeBpa^aeTcH b p h 6 y» (SmLTT, 1944, N 32411). Bonbme Bcero na-TbimcKMM Veins nro6uT npMHMMaTb ^yHun o6nuK (cm. Straubergs 1939-1941, 512), b cBoro oHepegb: Ja lldaku narsta laika aizrùc përkons, tad vasaru nebùs laba zveja «Ecnu bo BpeMH ^yHbero HepecTa ygapuT rpoM, to neToM He nongeT pbi6a» (SmLTT, 1093, N 17745). HaKoHe^ Zvejnieki mëdz apskatlt visas tas zivis, kuras izzvejo, un ja atrod kadu ar sarkanam aclm, tad sviez to atpakal ezera, domadami, ka tas esot velns «y pbi6aKoB ecTb npuBbiHKa ocMoTpeTb Bcex Tex pbi6, KoTopbix (ohm) nonManu, m ecnu HaxogHT KaKyro-Hu6ygb c KpacHbiMM rna3aMM, 6pocaroT o6paTHo b o3epo, nocKonbKy gyMaroT, hto ^To HepT» (SmLTT, 2202, N 36425). B Benopyccuu, KaK m b ^aTBuu, onHTHHe pbi6onoBbi «hm 3a hto He ocTaBHT ce6e nonMaHHyro bo BpeMH rpo3bi pbi6uHy, y KoTopon cnumKoM KpacHbie rna3a, - ^To HecoMHeHHo HepT, cnpHTaBmuncH b pbi6y» (BuHorpagoBa 1998, 138). Cy^ecTByeT ga^e cooTBeTcTByro^ee «6enopyccKoe noBepbe o ee npoucxo^ge-hmm: b p h 6 npeBpa^aroTcH Te h e p t m, KoTopbie bo BpeMH rpo3bi npHHyrcH b Bogy, ohm MMeroT KpacHbie rna3a, m pbi6aKM ocTeperaroTcH ynoTpe6nHTb TaKux pbi6 b nu^y» (flyHb^, CaHbKo 2004, 439; cm. MaKamuHa 1982, 95).
Pbi6a-gepeBo
B ogHon 6enopyccKon 6binuHKe (KoTopyro MoHac Banuc npuBoguT TonbKo b nepe-Boge Ha hmtobckmm h3hk) «HenoBeK b necy gpan nbiKo. Hamna rpo3a, oh cnpHTancH nog gepeBoM m b g y n n e 3aMeTun gByx pbi6. Oh oTomen b cTopoHy, a rpo3a pa36una ge-peBo. Bbino 6h MHoro HepTen, ecnu 6h nepyH ux He npecnegoBan» (Balys I, 180; ccbinKa Ha: PoMaHoB 1891, 7-8).
K cbh3m pbi6bi c gepeBoM cp. cnegyro^yro nuToBcKyro 6binMHKy, b KoTopon
Zuvims ir véziui buvo paskirta atgaila. Atgailavo jie medy. Kai pasibaigé atgaila, Dievas juos paleido vandenin. Gera zuvelei vandeny - ir plaukia sau. Is to didelio dziaugsmo pasaké:
- As galiu ir be Dievo gyvent!
Dievas uzpyko ant zuvies uz tokj pasakymq ir paleido zvejq, kad jq pagauty.
«Pbi6aM m paKy 6bino Ha3HaHeHo noKaHHue. KaHnucb ohm Ha g e p e b e. Korga noKaHHue 6bino 3aKoHHeHo, Bor omycrun ux b Bogy. Xopomo pbi6Ke b Boge - m nnbiBeT ce6e. Ot ^Ton 6onbmon pagocTM oHa cKa3ana:
- tt Mory u 6 e 3 Bora ^MTb!
Bor paccepgunca Ha pbi6y 3a TaKue cnoBa u nycTun pbi6aKa, hto6h tot ee noi-Man» (KAZ, 79, N 144).
npu ^TOM caMu Ha3BaHua HeKoTopbix pbi6 cTaBaT ux b npaMyro cBa3b c onpege-neHHHMu gepeBbaMu. no cnoBaM B. B. ycaHeBoi, «uxtuohumh, KoTopbie MoraBupyroT-ca Ha3BaHuaMu pacTeHui, He Bcerga o6Hapy«uBaroT acco^uaTUBHbIe cBa3u, nermue b ocHoBy HauMeHoBaHua. Mx Henb3a ucTonKoBaTb 0gH03HaHH0. TaK, b Ha3BaHuax ronbaHa u ropHaKa 0Tpa3unacb cBa3b c oibxoi nogo6m>ie uxtuohumh u3BecTHH BceM cna-bhhckum a3HKaM, ho o6bacHaroTca uccnegoBaTenaMu, KaK nuHrBucraMu, TaK u uxtuo-noraMu, no-pa3HoMy. B. MaxeK MoTuBupyeT Bo3HuKHoBeHue HemcKoro TepMuHa olsovka TeM, hto pbi6Ka ^uBeT b ropHbix peKax, 6epera KoTopbix nopocnu onbxoi, cnegoBaTenb-ho, Ha3BaHue oTpa^aeT MecTo o6uTaHua. O. ®epuaH^ cwraeT, hto b Ha3BaHuu 0Tpa3-unacb npuBHHKa ronbaHa npaTaTbca nog KopHaMu onbxu, b TeHu onbxoBbix 3apocnei, cKnoHeHHbix Hag Bogoi. tt. KapnoBUH nonaraeT, hto Ha3BaHue olszanka gaHo ronbaHy no ^eTy - 6promK0 ph6ku HanoMuHaeT ^eT MoHeHoi gpeBecuHH onbxu. nonbcKui uxTuonor A. Bane^ui ^TOT ^e TepMuH o6bacHaeT npuBHHKoi ph6ku cocaTb KopeHb ^T0^0 gepeBa. Cp. Ha3BaHua ronbaHa b gpyrux a3HKax: pyc. enuaHKa (guan. enxa 'onb-xa'), onbuaHKa (onbuaHuü 'k onbxe oTHocamuica'), yKp. BinbxtBKa, omxoBeu,, onbuaH-Ka, 6np. onbuaHUK, onbuaHKa („TaK KaK 3apHBaeTca nog KopHaMu onbxu ot xu^hh-kob" - A.M. CanyHoB), non. olszówka, cnB^ jelsinka, lieska, jalsovka, lejsovka, c.-xopB. jóuaBKa, 6onr. neuaHKa, neuuHKa, (e)neuKa, enewmiufii, cp. HeM. Erlitze (Erle 'onbxa'), ^CT. guan. leppkala, leppikala (lepp 'onbxa'), BeHr. egri (éger 'onbxa')»; b cBoro oHepegb, «nogo6Hbie Ha3BaHua ropHaKa - pyc., yKp. onbuaHKa, 6np. onbxoBKa, non. olszanka, olszawka, olszówka, no MHeHuro c^e^uanucT0B, Bo3HUKnu u3-3a ero BKyca: Maco ropHaKa TaK ^e ropbKo, KaK gpeBecuHa onbxu»; «KpoMe Toro, uxtuohumh, b kotophx ecTb cBa3b c *olcha, uHorga ynoTpe6naroTca gna o6o3HaHeHua e^e ogHoi ph6ku - BepxoBKu: pyc. onbuaHKa, non. olszanka, cab^ jalsovka, lajcha. Ha3BaHue gaHo no MecTy o6uraHua - pbi6Ka, ^uBymaa nog KopHaMu npu6pe^Hoi onbxu»; a bot «KaKoBa M0TUBa^ua pyc-cKoro HauMeHoBaHua onbxoBUK 'nuHb-HegoMepoK' u cep6oxopBaTcKoro joBana 'nogycT' (jóBa 'onbxa'), cKa3aTb TpygHo» (ycaHeBa 2003, 71; cm. KonoMue^ 1983, 43). Me^gy TeM onbxa b cnaBaHcKoi (u He TonbKo cnaBaHcKoi) HapogHoi Tpagu^uu TecHo cBa3aHa c gbaBonoM, HepToM, HeHucToi cunoi (CM, 343-344), npuHeM «cBa3b onbxu c HeHucToi cunoi o6bacHaeT nonynapHbii 3anpeT npaTaTbca nog Hei bo BpeMa rpo3H, TaK KaK MonHua 6beT b onbxy», a «b nonbme Ha Tpou^y BeTKaMu onbxu yKpamanu goMa, hto6h oTBepHyTb rpo3y u rpag» u T.n. (TaM ^e).
«Pag hxthohhmob MoTUBupoBaH Ha3BaHuaMu gpyrux gepeBbeB, pacTy^ux no 6eperaM BogoeMoB, - ubh, Bep6bi, no3H. HoMUHa^ua Bo3HUKna no MecTy o6uTaHua, no npuBHHKe pb6oK npaTaTbca nog KopHaMu ubh (Bep6bi), b ee TeHu: yKp. BepónmuK 'ene^, BepóiBKa, BepónnHKa 'ronbaH, no3iyKa 'ManeHbKaa pbi6Ka', non. wierzbówka 'ro-nbaH, cnB^ verbinacka 'yKneiKa', vrbnicek 'ropHaK'» (YcaHeBa 2003, 72). TeM He MeHee BnuaHue cooTBeTcTByromux Mu^onoruHecKux Bo33peHui b gaHHoM cnyHae To^e He uc-KnroHeHo, TaK KaK «BeTKu Bep6bi, ocBa^eHHbie b Bep6Hoe BocKpeceHbe, ucnonb30Ba-nucb gna 3a^uTH ot rpoMa, rpo3H u 6ypu»; «no npegcTaBneHuaM 6enopycoB, Ha Bep6e c Kpe^eHua go Bep6Horo BocKpeceHba cuguT HepT (go ^T0^0 oh o6uTaeT b Boge [...]). CnoBaKu nonaranu, hto BogaHoi HacTo cuguT Ha caMoi bhcokoí Bep6e u BHcMaTpuBa-eT cBoro ^epTBy (PaHu^), a 6onrapH gyManu, hto caMoguBH ^uByT Ha Bep6e u gpyrux
gepeBbHx. no 6enopyccKUM BepoBaHUHM, HepTU BecHoM oTorpeBaroTcH Ha Bep6e, a nočne Toro KaK Bep6y „3acBe^ro^b", T.e. ocbhtht b Bep6Hoe BOcKpeceHbe, ohm nagaroT b Bogy» u T.n. (Cfl I, 334-335).2
Pbi6a-Koca
Moxho TaKxe HanoMHUTb, hto «HepT oToxgecTBnHeTcH Ha^e Bcero c BogHHHM, TaK KaK TunuHHHM MecToM ero (HepTa) npe6biBaHUH cwraeTca BogHaH cpega» (Buho-rpagoBa 2001, 43). M Hao6opoT: BogHHoft U3 Bcex gyxoB-„xo3HeB" «6nuxe Bcex ctomt k HepTy, a bo MHorux MecTax nonecbH cHUTaroT, hto HepT u BogHHoft - ogHo u to xe» (^eBKMeBCKaa 2002, 344)3. B cBoro oHepegb, «pbi6a - Tpagu^uoHHbIM o6auk BogHHoro, xoth na^e Bcero oh to pbi6a, to HenoBeK; u pbi6a u HenoBeK unu e3guT Ha pbi6e. [...] BogHHoft MoxeT 6bTb wy/Kou 6e3 HapocHo^o nepa (BHTcKaH ry6.), MoxeT nanoMunamb nanuua (BonorogcKaH o6n.), 6biTb npocTo ^poMa^nou pu6ou (BonorogcKaH o6n.) unu pbi6oft, Begy^eft ce6H Heo6biHHo: Odun MenbnuK noBun pu6y noHbm. B^py^ k neMy b nodKy BCKOHuna 6onbwax pu6una. MenbnuK ^o^a^ancx, Hmo ^mo Bodxnou, u 6ucmpo naden na pu6y Kpecm. Pu6a Mano6no cmana npocumb MenbnuKa omnycmumb ee... Ha-Kone^ on cManuncx nad BodxnuM, no B3xn c ne^o cnoBo nuKo^^a nepa3MUBamb Menbnuuy Becnom (HoBropogcKaH o6n.)»; «^HeM oh pbi6a (com), a HoHbro - cTapuK c gnuHHoft 3e-neHoBaToft 6opogoM u cochobom nnecoM (TaM6oBcKaH o6n.)»; unu xe «BogHHoft - oge-TaH moxobhm noKpoBoM ^yKa, KoTopaH gepxuT Mopgy no Boge (HoBropogcKaH o6n.)» (PC, 95, 97)4. TaKuM o6pa3oM, «no yTBepxgeHuro paccKa3HUK0B, BogHHoft MoxeT bh-rnHgeTb, KaK pbi6a (npeBpa^aTbcH b Hee unu Ka3aTbcH ero). Hau6onee HacTo BogHHoro BugHT b o6nuKe ^yKU, KynbT KoTopoM 6bin pacnpocTpaHeH u y cnaBHHcKux, u y ^uhho-yropcKux HapogoB» (KpuHUHHaH 2001, 453). «y nyxuHaH U3BecTHH paccKa3bi pbi6aK0B o BogHHoM, npuHUMaro^eM o6nuK HygoBU^Hoft, cunbHoM ^yKU. MHorga y TaKoM ^yKU TenHHbu rna3a, oHa npbiraeT Ha cnuHy pbi6aKy, ucHe3aeT b Buge HepHoro o6naKa unu
2	Cp. TaKxe pyc. guan. xcenb, cnB^ guan. jas 'ronaBnb'; pyc. guan. xc, non. guan. jas, jesen, h. guan. jas, jesen u gp. H3b' c HeHcHoM ^TUMono^ueM (KonoMue^ 1983 33-34, 99-100); TaKxe non. lipien u cooTBeTcTBMH b He-KoTopbix gpyrux 3anagHo- u roxHocnaBHHcKux H3HKax; «KaK 3auMcTB0BaHue U3 nonbcKoro H3HKa noHBU-nocb oho b 6enopyccKoM: 6np. guan. ninenb, nenenx. no cBoeMy npoucxoxgeHuro Ha3BaHue pbi6bi lipen (m ero BapuaHTH) cBH3aHo c Ha3BaHueM gepeBa nuna» (KonoMue^ 1983, 41); TaKxe Ha3BaHue yKp. 6epe3iBKa 'KpynHaH ^yKa, HepecTH^aHcH bo BpeMH pacnycKaHUH 6epe3bi'; Ha3BaHue pyc. guan. KanunKa, 6np. guan. KaninKa 'yKneMKa', «o6^HcHHro^eecH, HecoMHeHHo, TeM, hto yKneMKa HepecTUTcH bo BpeMH ^BeTeHUH Ka-nuHH» (KonoMue^ 1983, 49); TaKxe yKp. guan. Knen, pyc., 6np. guan. Knenb, non. klen, klen, 6onr. Knen u gp. (npacnaB. *klenjb) 'ronaBnb': <OTUMonoruH ^T0^0 HauMeHoBaHUH ronaBnH go cux nop He BHHcHeHa», «Mexgy TeM coBoKynHocTb o6^ecnaBHHcKux BapuaHToB paccMaTpuBaeMoro Ha3BaHUH hcho yKa3HBaeT Ha ero cBH3b c Ha3BaHueM gepeBa Knen, npacnaB. *klern u *klbrn. KaK u pHg gpyrux cnaBHHcKux HauMeH0BaHuM pbi6, oho oTpaxaeT coBnageHue BpeMeHU HepecTa cooTBeTcTByro^ero Buga pbi6 co BpeMeHeM ^BeTeHUH onpegeneH-Horo pacTeHUH» (KonoMue^ 1983, 51-52). 3gecb, MoxeT 6biTb, KcTaTU ynoMHHyTb, hto b 3anagHoM EBpone pbi6bi BHBemuBanucb Ha poxgecTBeHcKoM gepeB^ (HDA II, 1541). B ^T0M oTHomeHUu TaKxe UHTepecHo, hto «Korga ^iraHe xotht ucnonb3oBaTb pbi6y b KaHecTBe opaKyna, ohu npu6uBaroT ee xubom rBo3gHMU k gepeBy. Ecnu Ha cnegyro^uM geHb oHa e^e xuBa, ^T0 cHUTaeTcH 6naronpuHTHoM npuMeToM, a ecnu MepT-Ba u oKpoBaBneHa, ^T0 npegBe^aeT HecHacTbe» (HDA II, 1534). MHTepecHo, bo bchkom cnyHae, hto pbi6a c gepeBoM coothochtch u cuMBonuHecKu: TaK, cornacHo ^Hry, «nec, gpeMyHUM u He^poHU^aeMHM gnH rna3a, KaK u rny6oKaH Boga u Mope, HBnHeTcH BMecTunu^eM Heu3BecTHoro u TaMHoro. ^0^T0My ohu - nog-xogH^ue cuhohumh gnH 6ecco3HaTenbHoro»; b cBoro oHepegb «gepeBbH, KaK u pbi6a b Boge, npegcTaBnHroT co6oM xuBoe cogepxaHue 6ecco3HaTenbHoro» (Jung 1983, 194).
3	Cm. e^e PC, 97; Cfl I, 396, 398.
4	Cm. e^e ^C, 71; Cfl I, 397; CM, 82.
MM^onora^ecKas cocTaBnsro^as cnaBSHcKoñ uxTuonora^ecKoM TepMMHoflorMM
yneTaeT yTKoñ. B Buge ^yKu nacTo npegcTaBnaroT BogaHoro m Ha PyccKOM CeBepe: Ta-Kaa ^yKa oraunaeTcfl ot o6hhhom orpoMHbiMu pa3MepaMu» u T.n. (rypa 1997, 753). TeM caMHM «^yKa BocnpuHUMaeTca KaK HenucToe cy^ecTBo. Em npunucbiBaeTca 6nu3Koe 3HaKoMcTBo c HequcToñ cunoñ» (rypa 1997, 752).
BogaHHM gyxaM, npoaBnaro^uM ce6a HenocpegcTBeHHo b o6nuKe pbi6bi, b nu-tobckom ^onbKnope To^e, no cnoBaM fl. ByreHe, «cBoñcTBeHHbi nepra, no3Bonaro^ue HenocpegcTBeHHo cBœaTb ux c BanbHacoM (nepTOM), HanpuMep, noñMaHHbie bo BpeMs o6egHu pbi6bi npeBpa^aroTca b nHM (LTR 1608/141), y ^yKu BbipacTaroT pora, Kpbinbs m xboct, ^yKa npeBpa^aeTca b co6aKy (LTR 1289/134) u T.n. TaKue MeTaMop^o3bi -xapaKTepHoe cbomctbo BanbHaca» (Bûgienè 1999, 42; cm. Vélius 1987, 42-43). B cboki onepegb, no gaHHHM H. Benroca, uMeeTca 11 hmtobckmx 6binuHeK, b KoTopbix BanbHac npegcTaBneH b o6nuKe pbi6bi, npuneM b 6onbmuHcTBe u3 hmx (6) - b o6nuKe ^yKu (Vélius 1987, 42). HanpuMep, b ogHoñ 6binuHKe HenoBeK Bo3ne o3epa Kocun TpaBy m Bgpyr ycnbiman ronoc: «BpeMa npumno, a HenoBeKa HeT!», u yBugen b Boge 6onbmyro ^yKy. _
Zmogelis pagalvojo: „Reikia tq zuv¡ nukirsti". Kaip taré, taip irpadarè. Bet kai jis émé nuo peciy dalg¡ - uzsimos lydekq kirsti - beimdamas sau galvq nukirto. Is to matóme, kad zuvis buvo velnias, kurispranasavo zmogui mirt¡.« HenoBeK nogyMan: „Hago ^Ty pbi6y 3a-py6uTb". KaK cKa3aHo, TaK u cgenaHo. Ho Korga oh cHMMan c nnen k o c y, 3aMaxHyncs ^yKy py6uTb - TaK ce6e ronoBy u oTpe3an. OTcroga mh BuguM, hto ^Ta) pbi6a 6bina nëpToM, KoTopHM npegpeKan HenoBeKy cMepTb» (LD, 167).
Cp. b ^TOM oTHomeHuu npaMoe oTo^gecraneHue koch c pbi6oñ, b Hacmoc™ uMeHHo co ^yKoñ, b hmtobckom TpagM^MM. B npaMoM cpaBHeHuu: Ir dalgelè kaip zuvelè po lankelç svytruoja «M Koco^Ka KaK pbi6oHKa b none no6necKMBaeT»; TeM 6onee b 3a-ragKax (c pa3ragKoñ «Koca»): Zuvis be groby giriq isgriovè «Pbi6a 6e3 pë6ep nec noBa-nuna» (LKZ XX, 1011); Zuvis begrobè visq giriq isgriovè «Pbi6a 6e3 pë6ep Becb nec no-Banuna» (LT V, 631, N 7283); Plieninis ungurys girç werczia «cranbHoñ yropb nec BanuT» (KlvT, dvi, N 19; LKZ XVII, 452; LT V, 631, N 7282); Plieno ungurys kai mauna, visq giriq pargriauna «CranbHoñ yropb KaK npoñgeT, Becb nec coraeT»; Po girelç svykst zuvelè, nuo zuvelès vinkst girelè «no po^e pbi6Ka 6necHyna, Bca po^a ot ph6km corHynacb»; Juoda lydeka nèrè, zaliq giriq pakèlè «HepHaa ^yKa HHpHyna, 3eneHbiñ nec nogHana» (MS, 3031; LF, 68, N 121; LT V, 631, N 7285); Lydeka nèrè, visq giriq pakèlè «fflyKa HHpHyna, Becb nec nogHana» (LKZ VII, 403) u T.n.
To ^e b pyccKux 3aragKax, HanpuMep: WyKa nprnem, mpaea emem; W,yKa hu-pxem, mpaea npune^aem•; WyKa mipxem, eecb nec noàuuaem; WyKa mipxem, nec no-^u6aem•; Pu6uHa 6enyMUHa no necy xoduna, nec nouana, nec cexn, ^opo^ cman; Pu6u-Ha 6enyMUHa 6epe^a oKpyMuna u neca npuKnoHuna (3aragKM, 77, N 2173, 2174, 2176, 2177, 2180, 2191-2193, 2195; cm. flanb IV, 116) u T.g. u T.n. «MeTa^opuqecKuñ h3hk 3aragoK Ha3HBaeT ^yKoro, - o6^acHHeT A.H. A^aHacbeB, - 6necTH^ee ne3Bue koch m cepna, nog B3MaxoM KoTopHx nagaroT TpaBH u Konocba», u gocnoBHo pa36upaeT coot-BeTcTByro^ue pyccKue 3aragKu: «wyKa-6eny^a (Bap. pu6a-6enyMUHa) xeocmou umHyna (T.e. 6necTH^aa = 6enaa Koca cBepKHyna), neca (= TpaBbi) nanu, ^opu (= KonHH u cTorâ) ecmanu»; «wy/Ka (= cepn) npmem, eecb nec (= HMBa) emem» (A^aHacbeB II, 83). Mnu e^e: Mmna wyyKa 3 KpeuemnyKa, Kydu ^nme, mpaea e-bme (noTe6Ha 2000, 255). To ^e caMoe, KaK y^e 6bno oTMeneHo A.H. A^aHacbeBHM, b oTHomeHuu cepna: W,yKa npmem, eecb nec emem (3aragKM, 75, N 2112).
Hto ®e KacaeTca mxtmohmmob, cp. b ^T0M KOHTeKCTe TaKue cnaBaHcKue Ha3BaHua pbi6, KaK pyc. Kocäpb 'nexoHb' (6yKB. 'Koce^ mupoKuö kocom ho®', 'öonbmoM ho® gna ^enneHua nyHMHbi', HepegKO genaeTca M3 o6noMKa koc h), 6onr. Kocmyp 'BMg pbi6bi' (6yKB. 'kocom ho®'), c.-xopB. Kocau,, kocuh, Kocup, Kocujep 'nexoHb' ('öonbmoM cagoBbiö ho®') m gp.5
"Ph6hhm Koponb-nacTyx" u ero cTago
flanee, y BogaHoro MO®eT ÖHTb «pbi6uM unu k o p o b m m xboct, rycuHbie nanbi c nepenoHKaMu unu KopoBbu KonHTa, KO®a KaK y HanuMa, por Ha ronoBe» (HeBKueB-cKaa 2002, 341) unu gBa pora (cm. PC, 96, 97; ^C, 71). C gpyroö cTopoHH, «MHaa pbi6a, HanpuMep com, ucnonb3yeTca mm BMecTO lomaju b noe3gKax nog Bogoö. ^T0 „Hep-tob KOHb"» (KpuHMHHaa 2001, 454). Bonee Toro, KpoMe KopoBH, «B0gaH0Ö Mor aBMTbca u öapaHOM, cBMHbeM, nepHOM coöaKOM, KomKOM», a c gpyroö cTopoHH, «B0gaH0Ö Bna-geeT BceM, hto ecTb b Boge u Ha Boge, oh oxpaHaeT BogonnaBaro^ux m^ u pHÖy m nepeMaHMBaeT ee M3 gpyrux mctohhmkob. P h 6 a - ^TO ero c k o t, ocoöeHHO comh, Ha-hmmh, yrpu u paKM, kotophx b HeKOTopHx MecTax TaK u Ha3HBaroT „pbi6a BogaHoro" u ^0^T0My He ynoTpeönaroT b nu^y. A b nogBogHOM ^pcree y Hero MHoro cKOTa - cTaga KopoB u nomageö, kotophx oh nyHHHMM HOHaMM BHroHaeT Ha npu6pe®HHe 3anuBHbie nyra» (^eBKueBcKaa 2002, 341, 346; cm. Cfl I, 399; CM, 83). HanpuMep:
Boöxnoü no HOHaM Bbuonxn cboux KopoB u3 peKu na npuöpeMnuü ny^. Odun Heno-BeK 3aMemun, Hmo no noHaM y peKu nacemcx cmado Hepnux KopoB, a npudem ympoM -nuK0^0 nem. MyMUK cman naönmdamb 3a ^muMu KopoBaMu u, naKonety nornn, Hmo ^mo KopoBu BO^mo^o u Hmo mom caM Buxodum na 6epe^ ux nacmu. OdnaMdu nod ympo, KO^^a boöhhoü 3a^omn cmado na3ad b Body, MyMuK mnoBHuncx u om6un odny KopoBy. ^ma KopoBa oKa3anacb oHenb MonoHnoü, a b xo3xücmBe MyMuKa c mex nop nuKO^^a ne nepeBoöuncx cKom (^eBKueBcKaa 2002, 347; cm. ^C, 74).
«no pacnpocTpaHeHHHM noBepbaM, B0gaH0Ö „xopomo gep®MT KopoB" (6acceÖH peKM OaTb), MMeeT Ta6yHH u cTaga, KOTOpbie BpeMa ot BpeMeHM (HanpuMep, Ha Hobhm rog) BHnycKaeT nacTucb k ycTbro peKM (PyccKuö CeBep, Cu6upb). Ecnu npuMeTMTb Ta-Koe cTago u ycneTb o6e®aTb ero c mkohom, to mo®ho nonyHMTb KopoB BogaHoro» (PC, 95). B ®epTBy B0gaH0My npuHocunu nomaguHbiö Hepen unu Tonunu gna Hero ^nyro ®MByro Ko6bny (cm. PC, 96, 102; ^C, 72), unu ®e y Hero caMoro KOHcKaa ronoBa (CM, 83). Cp. MHTep^peTa^Mro 6u6neöcKoro MOTMBa o noTOHyBmux «^apa0H0Bbix nrogax» b
5 B stom ®e KnroHe, M0®eT 6biTb, ctomt ynoMaHyTb pyc. nu3eÜKa 'ManeHbKaa ^yKa' (ne3eÜKa 'ho®'), homobkü 'MenKaa ^yKa' (homobkü 'ManeHbKaa nuna'), c.-xopB. hom 'nexoHb'; yKp. coKÜpKa 'ropnaK', non. siekierka 'ropHaK', '6bcTpaHKa' (6yKB. 'ManeHbKMM Tonop, ceKMpKa'); TaK®e pyc. guan. ceKyn, yKp. guan. ciK, ciKaH, 6np. guan. ceKyn, ceKaH, non. siekasz, c.-xopB. guan. sekus 'munoBKa', 'ropHaK' m gp. (6yKB. 'pe3aK', '6onbmoö ho®'); TaK®e non. cioska 'nexoHb' (6yKB. 'ManeHbKMM nnoTHMHMM TonopMK'), kozik 'nexoHb' (6yKB. 'ho® c gepeBaHHOM pyHKOö'), toporek 'ropnaK', 'ycan'; cnB^ kresacka 'ne^' (6yKB. 'nnoTHMHMM Tonop'); pyc. ca6nx 'HexoHb', 'yKneöKa', '^MnoBKa', 6np. ca6nx, yKp. cä6nx, non. szabla, cnB^ sabl'a, c.-xopB. ca6iba 'nexoHb' m gp. (b pyccKOM a3HKe, «BepoaTHO, nog BnuaHMeM TropKcKMx a3HK0B, b kotophx HexoHb M3-3a BHemHero cxogcTBa c ca6neö 6bina Ha3BaHa cn0B0M, 03Hanaro^MM ca6nro unu MeH», a «M3 pyccKoro a3HKa Ha3BaHMe ca6nx 'qexoHb' pacnpocTpaHMnacb b gpyrue cnaBaHcKMe a3HKM»); HaK0He^, caMO Ha3BaHMe HexoHb b BMge cnaB. *cexonb nepBOHaHanbHO npegn0n0®MTenbH0 03HaHan0 'py6a^ee unu ceKy^ee opygue, ceKaH'; cp. TaK-®e HeM. Schwertfisch 'nexoHb' (Schwert 'Men'), Sichelfisch, Sichling 'nexoHb' (Sichel 'cepn'); cp. TaK®e rpynny Ha3BaHMM, npegcTaBneHHyro b pyc. ocmpeu, 'oKyHb', cBa3aHH0M c ocmpuü, m T.n. (KonoMMe^ 1983, 10-11, 16-18, 35, 130-131, 151; YcaneBa 2003, 136-137, 155-156).
MM^oüorM^ecKas cocTaBjaro^aa cjaBHHcKOM MXTMonorMMecKoñ TepMMHonorMM
«CKa3aHMM MOCKOBCKMX Kyn^B O pbl6ax» (XVII B.), B HaCTHOCTM: A U KOHU UX o6pamu-nucxpuóauu Me, a Ha KOHbCKUxpuóax mepcmb KOHCKax... (BenoBa 2004, 293).
Cp. TaK^e nMTOBCKMe cpaBHeHua: (3an. b c. neneca, cOBp. Benopyccua) Mano karvé grazi kaip lydaké «Moa KOpOBa KpacuBaa, KaK ^yKa» (LKPZ, 146); (PygumKec, TpaKaMcKMM p-H) Lydekai kap jauciai Merky «fflynaKu b [peKe] MepKuc, KaK 6hku» (LKZ VII, 403). TaK^e cp. 3aragKy: Marga karvé dangy laizo «necTpaa KOpOBa He6o nu^eT» = ^yKa nog jbgoM (LT V, 528, N 6185). B gpyroñ jutobckom 3aragKe pbi6a npupaBHuBa-eTca k Ko6bine: Üzuolas be saky, dzirvonas be taky, kumelé be vadeliy zino keliy «fly6 6e3 BeTBeM, 3ane^b 6e3 TponuHOK, k o 6 bi j a 6e3 BO^^en 3HaeT gopory» = pbi6a (TZ V, 588, 592, N 292).
B cBeTe cKa3aHHoro o pbi6e KaK «cKOTe BogaHoro» cp. cnegyro^ue cnaBHHcKue (a TaK^e HeKOTopbe gpyrue) Ha3BaHua pbi6:
PyccKoe Ha3BaHue nopogbi pbi6 6uhok, TaK^e 6uK-pu6a, yKp. 6uhók, non. guan. byczek '6braoK-nogKaMeH^uK'; cornacHO 06biHH0My o6bacHeHuK>, <«to HauMeHOBaHue, cBH3aHHoe c 6uk (cjaB. byk»), 06ycn0BjeH0, no-BuguMOMy, cxogcTBOM 6ojbmon rono-bh nogKaMeH^uKa c rojOBOH 6biKa (cp. aHrn. bullhead 'nogKaMeH^uK, 6yKB. '6biHba rojOBa')» (K0J0Mue^ 1983, 15-16; cm. YcaneBa 2003, 129; flanb I, 149); ho cp. cjb^ bul' '^epex', 6yKB. '6hk' (YcaneBa 2003, 157). Cp. b «.HaTbimcKOM jeKcuKOHe» r.®. CTeHgepa 1789 r. jTm. jüras versis, 6yKBajbH0 'MopcKon 6hk', onpegenaeMoe KaK «cBoero poga MopcKon HajUM c munaMu u poraMu» (BRMS IV, 244); TaK^e cooTBeTcTByro^ue nu-TOBcKue Ha3BaHua pbi6bi Cottus quadricornus jüriy versis 'MopcKon TeneHOK' u jürjautis 'MopcKon 6hk' (LKZ IV, 432, 434), a TaK^e Ha3BaHua KepnaKa (Myoxocephalus scorpius) bulis, 6yKBajbH0 '6hk', u jüros bülius 'MopcKon 6hk' (LKZ I, 1133, 1153).
flanee, cp. pyc. KOHb, TaK^e Ko6una, 6np. KOHb, yKp. Ko6una '^epex', pyc. KOHb '6enopbi6u^', non. kobyia 'cbipTb' (YcaneBa 2003, 157), pyc. nomaduHuü 6bmH 'BbroH' (YcaneBa 2003, 121); TaK^e pyc. ma6ym^ 'ronbaH' (YcaneBa 2003, 76). Cp. HeM. Rappe 'KOHb' u '^epex' (YcaneBa 2003, 157). Mo^ho BcnoMHuTb TaK^e u3BecTHbie Ha3BaHua h i p p o campus'a pyc. MopcKoü KOHeK (KOHb); jut. jüros arkliukas 'to ^e', zuvelé arkliukas 'pbi6Ka-K0HeK' (LKZ I, 307).
flanee, cp. pyc. KO3a '^exorn, yKp. KO3Ü 'nexoHb', '^unoBKa' («BHemHee cxogcTBO, npoaBjaro^eeca b Hanunuu poroB y ^uBOTHoro u gByx ocrpbix KonroneK Ha ronoBe pbi6bi no o6euM cTopoHaM rna3»), KO3en 'ne^, 6np. KO3a '^unoBKa', non. koza '^exorn, '^unoBKa' («no MHeHuro BproKHepa, nepeBog HeM. Ziege 'K03a' u 'nexoHb'»), cjb^ koza, c.-xopB. KO3a, KO3en, cnoBeH. kozel '^unoBKa' (YcaneBa 2003, 157). Cp. TaK^e jut. ozká 'K03a' b 3HaneHuu 'nexoHb (Pelecus cultratus)' (LKZ VIII, 1032; cm. Urbutis 1981, 159160).
flanee, cp. pyc. MOpcKan co6aKa 'pbi6a Squalus, nrogoeg, aKyna' (flanb II, 346); cyKa '^unoBKa' (YcaneBa 2003, 158), pyc., yKp. KÓ6énb, 6np. KÓ6en', non. kobel u gp. b 3Ha-neHuu 'necKapb' (YcaneBa 2003, 32); nem. zajícek vodní 'ene^, c.-xopB. 3eKa 'yKjeMKa' (6yKB. '3aMHumKa') (ycaneBa 2003, 157) - cp. Ha3BaHue ph6h Cyclopterus lumpus: HeM. Meerhase, jut. jury kískis, 6yKBanbH0 'MopcKon 3aa^' (Urbutis 1981, 149; LKZ V, 887); ganee e^e - pyc. co6om, co6oneK 'MenKun OKyHb, He gocTurmun B03pacTa uKpoMeTa-huh'; c.-xopB. nác^a 'MuHora' (6yKB. ^uB0TH0e 'nacKa') (YcaneBa 2003, 160).
CnegyeT TaK^e o6paTuTb BHuMaHue Ha TecHyro cBH3b cnaBHHcKoro BogaHoro co cBHHbei B Benopyccuu, «hto6h BogaHon He cnu3HBan cMa3Ky c MenbHuHHbix konec, MejbHuKu 6pocanu b Bogy cano, BHyTpeHHocTu unu mhco cBuHbu» (Cfl I, 399; cm.
CM, 83). B Poccmm, b OKpecTHOCTHX HoBropoga Bepunu, hto BogaHoß HenocpegcTBeH-ho caM Mo^eT ÖHTb CBMHbeö (PC, 95); TaK, «no paccKa3y u3 HoBropogcKoö ry6epHuu, Korga otmckubanu yToHyBmyro geBymKy, mo nbipxnu e eody. Odun MyMUK nupnyn, Hauten öeeyuKy u xomen ee eumaw,umb 3a eonocu, ho Ha Heü cudena ceumx. B ^py^oü pa3 HupHyn - mo Me cauoe. npmomoenmcb Hupxmb e mpemuü pa3, oh nepeKpecmuncx. Boöhhoü - ^mo 6un oh b o6pa3e ceuHbu - cKpuncx. YmonneHHUM,a 6una eumaw,eHa, ho k MU3HU ee He ydanocb eo3epamumb» (PC, 104; cm. ^C, 71)6. B pyccKux pbi6a^ux npu-MeTax «BCTpena co cBuHbeö npegBe^aeT go6biny» (KpuHu^Haa 2001, 484) u T.n.
Cp. cooTBeTCTBeHHo TaKue uxTuoHMMbi, KaK pyc. ceÜHOHKa 'goHCKoö epm, yKp., 6np. ceuHKa, non. swinia, swinka, cnB^ svinka 'nogycT'; «o nogycTe roBopaT, hto oh Bce-ageH, KaK cBMHbH, nro6uT 3axoguTb b MyTb, rge HaxoguT gnH ce6a KopM; Bo3Mo^Ha gpy-raa MOTMBa^MH - no ^opMe Hacru Tena: cunbHo Bbigaro^uöcfl KoHunecKuß xpa^eBaTbiö hoc, HanoMuHaro^uö pbino cBuHbu» (YcaneBa 2003, 157-158; KonoMMe^ 1983, 16), yKp. ceuHma 'KpacHonepKa' (YcaneBa 2003, 137), c.-xopB. ceumapu6a 'oceTp' (YcaneBa 2003, 129), TaK^e cp. c.-xopB. Ha3BaHue ycana npacucornacHo o6rbflcHeHuro - «TaK KaK u3gaeT 3ByK, noxo^uö Ha xproKaHbe cBuHbu» (ycaneBa 2003, 74). Cp. TaK^e naTuHcKoe Ha3BaHue oceTpa porco-piscis, 6yKBanbHo 'cBuHbH-pbi6a' (Walde, Hofmann II, 310).
B 6anTuMcKoM TpagM^MM oneHb nonynapHbi 6binu^i cnegyro^ero Tuna. Cp. na-TbimcKyro:
Netälu no Taurkalnes ir käds ezers, ko sauc par Aklezeru. Zivis tur tagad neaug, un art senäk neesot augusas. Senäk käds zvejnieks atcirtis alingi tad, kad zivis släpusas. Vins izvilcis vienu zivi, kas bijusi ar strupu asti. Zvejnieks saküris uguni un gribejis zivi cept. Te no ezera dibena atskanejusi balss: „Cük, cük, lielä, cük, cük, mazä, cük, cük, visu mazinä, visas cükas ir, tik strupaskes nav."Zivs mudtgi nometuses no uguns unpa älingi ielekusi ezerä.
«HeganeKo ot TaypKanHe HaxoguTca o3epo, KoTopoe Ha3biBaroT AKne3epc. Pbi6a TaM ceßnac He BoguTca, u paHbme He Bogunacb. PaHbme oguH pbi6aK py6un npopy6b, Korga pbi6a 3agbixanacb. Oh BbiTa^un ogHy pbi6y c KopoTKuM xboctom. Pbi6aK pa3Ben oroHb u xoTen y^e pbi6y ^apuTb. Ho TyT co gHa o3epa pa3ganca ronoc: ,Hyx, nyx, 6onb-maa, nyx, nyx, ManeHbKaa, nyx, nyx, Bcex Maneö, Bce cBuHbu 3gecb, TonbKo KopoTKox-boctku HeT". Pbi6a äubo 6pocunacb ot oraa u nepe3 npopy6b ymna b o3epo» (AnLTT, 207).
^uToBcKyro:
Viename ezere sugavg labai didelg zuv} su striuka uodega. Namie susüdg jos mesq. Nakt} ir emg po paezerg saukyt:
-	Ciuka ciuka, sriuktuodege!
Ir saukindams atejgs} namus. Po langu emgs prasyt:
-	Atiduok mano kiaulg!
Tie zmones rytq nuvezg tq susüdytq zuv},} ezerq suvertg. Daugiau nieko nebegirdejg.
«B ogHoM o3epe noÖManu oneHb 6onbmyro pbi6y c KopoTKuM xboctom. floMa ee mhco 3aconunu. Ho^bro u cTan kto-to y o3epa noKpuKuBaTb:
-	Hyx nyx, KopoTKoxBocTaa!
M noKpuKuBaa nogomen k goMy. nog okhom cTan npocuTb:
-	OTgaö Moro cBuHbro.
6 B cxogHoM noBecTBoBaHuu, ycnbimaHHoM b ^TOM ^y6epHMM, BogaHoö npuHuMaeT o6nuMbe KopoBbi (TaM
MM^onoraHecKas cocTaBnsromas cnaBSHcKoM MxTMonoraHecKoñ TepMMHonoraM
Te nrogu yTpoM oTBe3nu ^Ty conëHyro pbi6y, b o3epo cBanunu. Bonbme Hulero He cnamanM» (SV, 29; BapuaHT SLSA, 274, ^ 480; Balys III, 508, ^ 807).
3gecb y«e He TonbKo pbi6a BbicTynaeT b KanecTBe cBMHbM BogaHoro xo3suHa, ho u caM oh, To^e, KaK Mb Bugenu, 6ygynu pbi6oM, npegcraeT b KaHecTBe pbi6Horo nacTyxa. Cp. eme ogHy nuToBcKyro 6binuHKy, b KoTopon oh TaK Ha3BaH abho:
Dar mano tévas pasakodavo, kad kazkoks zmogus nuvaziavçs Zagarinés miskan saman^ O buvçs sestadienis. Jis rauna samanas irgirdi - ezere, - tik nezinau, ar Luodzio, ar Zagarinés, - triuksmq. „Na, - mano sau, - siandien zydams sventa, kas tengali zvejoti?"Na, nuéjo prie ezero ir ziüri. Agi nendryne sédi koks zmogus, plaukais apsileidçs, ir kai svilpia, tai karsiai uodegom pükst, pükst, pükst. Tai, sako, ten buvçs zuvy. piemuo.
«E^e mom 0Te^ paccKa3biBan, hto KaKon-To HenoBeK noexan b nec ^arapuHec 3a mxom. A 6bina cy66oTa. Oh pBeT mox u cnbimuT - Ha o3epe, - TonbKo He 3Haro, Ha o3epe .yoguc unu ^arapuHe, - myM. „Hy, - gyMaeT npo ce6s, - cerogHA y eBpeeB npa3gHuK, TaK kto ^e TaM Mo^eT noBuTb pbi6y?" Hy, nomen k o3epy u cMoTpuT. A b KaMHme cuguT KaKon-To HenoBeK, Becb BonocaMu o6pocmuM, u Korga oh cbuctut, TaK nemu xBocraMM 6yx, 6yx, 6yx. ^T0, roBopsT, TaM p bi 6 h bi m nacTyx 6bin» (SV, 26).
B cnaBHHcKoñ HapogHon Tpagu^uu «pbi6HbiM nacTyx» TaK^e xopomo u3BecTeH, u 3gecb oh eme Ha3biBaeTca «pbi6HbiM ^peM». TaK, no cnoBaM A.B. Typbi, «nogo6Ho 3Be-psM u nTu^M, pbi6bi uMeroT cBoero rnaBy unu ,^apfl". Mu^unecKuM xo3suhom, npeg-BoguTeneM („BogoM"), ^peM Hag pbi6oñ u „pbi6HbiM nacTyxoM" cwraroT BogaHoro (Benopyccus). no pyccKuM npegcTaBneHusM, oh e3guT BepxoM Ha coMe, naceT pbi6y nog Bogon, neperoHseT ee u3 o3epa b o3epo, 3aKnroHaeT c pbi6aKaMu goroBop o pbi6e (Ap-xaHrenbcKas ry6., ffieHKypcKuñ y., XapbKoBcKas ry6. (?)), Mo^eT He HanycTuTb ee b ceTM (BonorogcKaa ry6., ConbBbiHerogcKuñ y.), HaKa3bBaeT 3a noBnro pbi6bi Hombro (TaM6oB-cKas ry6., EnaToMcKuM y.). BogsHoM u caM Mo^eT noflBnflTbca b o6pa3e pbi6bi (nonb-ma, BapMus u Ma3ypbi), HanpuMep, oceTpa, coMa (ApxaHrenbcKaa ry6., ffieHKypcKuñ y., XapbKoBcKas ry6. (?); coBp. TapHo6^ercKoe BoeB., Mognu6o:«u^), nygoBon myKM (BonorogcKaa ry6.), pe^e - Kapacs unu HanuMa unu b Buge nonyqenoBeKa-nonypbróbi (CMoneHcKas, MoruneBcKaa ry6.), HenoBeKa c coMoBben ronoBon (coBp. MuHcKas o6n., Cron6^i). y cep6oB .ecKoBa^oñ MopaBbi cymecTByeT npegcTaBneHue o pbi6beM ^pe (pu6n>u ^ap), KoTopbM BegeT pbi6 Ha HepecT» (rypa 1997, 750-751).
B cbs3u c o6pa3oM «pbróHoro nacTyxa» cp. TaKue cnaBSHcKue Ha3BaHus pbi6, KaK pyc. KOHmx 'yKneMKa', 'necKapb', c.-xopB. ^OBe^ap(Ka) 'necKapb', 'munoBKa', ^OBe^apa^, ^o-BedapaK, ^OBe^apu^a 'necKapb', 6onr. ^OBê^apKa 'necKapb', '6bicTpaHKa', cp. ^p. bouvière 'ropnaK' (bouviêr 'noroHmuK 6hkob, Bononac') (ycaneBa 2003, 149).
B cbs3u c o6pa3oM «pbróHoro ^pa» unu «Kopons» cp. pyc. KoponeK 'oco6aa pa3-HocTb nnoTBH c KpacHon Hemyen' unu 'oceTp c uKpon 6enoro ^eTa', ^peK 'noMecb Kapna u Kapacs'; yKp. Kopónb '3epKanbHbiM Kapn', ^pbOK 'cepe6pHHbiñ Kapacb', ^p 'ëpm', 6yKBanbHo pu6nnnuü ^p 'non' (3aKapnaTbe); c.-xopB. caric 'ëpm', riblji car '6e-nbM yropb (Anguilla vulgaris forma alba)'; Hem. krâlik 'Kapn, y KoToporo no 6oKaM Tpu psga Hemyu'; 6onr. ^p Ha wapaHume, Kpan Ha mapaHume 'KoponeBcKuñ Kapn'; cp. TaK^e pyc. apxaHrenbcK. naH 'nococb', a b pyccKux goHcKux roBopax - 'caMHM Kpyn-HbM com' (ycaneBa 2003, 150-151). Eme «y pyccKux b ^pocnaBcKoñ o6n. nnoTBy, oco-6eHHo c spKo-KpacHbMu nnaBHuKaMu, Ha3HBaroT KHH3eu unu Krn3bKOM (nepecnaBnb-3aneccKuM p-H). CnoBo Krn3b BcTpenaeTca u b KaHecTBe Ha3BaHus cenbgu c po3oBHMM nnaBHuKaMu, KoTopas nnHBeT Bnepegu cTau (^pocnaBcKaa o6n.)» (rypa 1997, 756).
3gecb mo»ho numb go6aBUTb, hto npegcTaBneHUH o Kopone pbi6 He MeHee xopo-mo u3BecTHH u b 6anTuñcK0M Tpagu^uu (cm. Bügiené 1999, 50). npuBegeM numb oguH nuT0BcKun npuMep:
Dusety ežere gaudé žvejai žuvis. Vienq valksnq traukdami, labai sunkiai trauké. Istrauké labai daugžuvy, kurty tarpe buvo viena žuvis labai graži ir antgalvos turéjo karünq. Visiems pažm^jus, savininkas liepé paleisti žuvi, nes karalius turi valdyti savo karalystç.
«Ha 03epe flyceToc pbi6aKu noBunu pbi6y. OgHy T0Hro Korga Ta^unu, 0HeHb TpygHo 6bino Ta^uTb. BbiTa^unu 0HeHb MHoro pbi6bi, cpegu KoTopon 6bina ogHa pbi6a oHeHb KpacuBaH u Ha ronoBe uMena KopoHy. nocne Toro, KaK Bce nocM0Tpenu, Bnagene^ Benen oTnycTUTb pbi6y, n0T0My hto Koponb gon»eH ynpaBnHTb cboum rocygapcTBoM» (LD, 30; SV, 28-29). B naramcKux cKa3Kax e^e ynoMUHaeTcH zivu kéniniene 'KoponeBa pbi6' (Kursite, 365) u T.n.
ronoc pbi6bi (neHue, Bon, peB, nucK, cbuct u T.n.)
PyccKaH noroBopKa rnacuT: Cnena 6 u puÓKa neceHKy, Ko^^a 6u ^onoc 6un! (flanb IV, 116). npuMeHaTenbHo, hto b cKa30HH0n gencTBUTenbHocTu y pbi6 u gpyrux »uTenen Mu^onoruHecKoro nogBogHoro ^pcrea He TonbKo uMeeTcH ronoc, ho ohu HBnHroTcH u coHUHUTenHMu neceH u My3biKu. HanpuMep, «cornacHo npegcTaBneHUHM yKpauH^B nogonuu, „MopcKue nrogu" [...] cohuhhmt necHu u nepeKnagbiBaroT ux Ha hoth» (Be-noBa 2004, 293). B pyccKon HapogHon Tpagu^uu, no cnoBaM E.E. ^eBKueBcKon, «chu-TaeTcH, hto MopcKue «eH^uHH HageneHH Heo6biHaMHoñ KpacoTon u npeKpacHbiM ro-nocoM. Ohu nognnbiBaroT k Kopa6nHM u noroT HygecHbie necHu. [...] MopcKUM nrogHM npunucbiBaeTcH coHUHeHue Bcex Ha 3eMne neceH u cKa30K: no cy66oTaM ohu BbmnbiBa-roT Ha noBepxHocTb MopH u HaHUHaroT neTb u paccKa3biBaTb. MopHKu 3anoMUHaroT ux u pa3HocHT no ropogaM u cenaM» (^eBKueBcKaH 2002, 158).
O6uTaTenu nogBogHoro ^pcrea o6nagaroT ronocoM, a TaK»e cohuhhkit necHu u b nuT0BcK0n Mu^onoruHecKon Tpagu^uu, b nepByro oHepegb b cKa3aHUHx u 6binuH-Kax. ByreHe yKa3biBaeT Ha «BcrpeHaro^uncH b HeK0T0pbix 6binuHKax o6pa3 pbi6bi, uMero^en HenoBeHecKue HepTbi: nonMaHHaH p h 6a roBopuT HenoBeHecKUM ronocoM (LTR 1191/116/, LMD I 183/75/), cMeeTcH, BbicKonb3HyB U3 pyK, cKpbiBaeTcH (LTR 325/82/)» (Bügiené 1999, 53). B 0gH0M cKa3aHuu ga»e yTBep»gaeTcH, hto Boo6^e žuvys išmislino giesmes. Buvo žuvys: pusiau žuvis, pusiau moteris, ir dainavo giesmes, ir žmoms émé giedot «p h6h BbigyManu necHu. Bbinupbi6bi: HanonoBUHy pbi6a, Hanono-BUHy »eH^uHa, u nenu necHu, u nrogu cTanu neTb» (LTR 3500/121/) (Bügiené 1999, 52; SV, 24). Mnu »e, HanpuMep, pbi6aKu noBunu pbi6y Ha HeMaHe u, Užmetg tinklq, istrauké didelç nei žuvi, nei žmog^ Ji buvo labai graži, turéjo geltonus plaukus ir labai mažas ir trumpas rankas. Vietoj koj^ buvo lyg žuvies uodega. [...] Kai büdavo gražus oras, ji gražiai dainuodavo. Jos buvo labai gražus balsas, kokio neturi né vienas žmogus, tik žodži^ kq ji dainuodavo, nebuvo galima suprasti «3aKUHyB ceTb, BbiTa^unu 6onbmyro He to pbi6y, He to HenoBeKa. OHa 6bina oHeHb KpacuBa, uMena »enrae Bonocbi u oHeHb ManeHbKue u KopoTKue pyKu. BMecTo Hor 6bin Bpoge pbi6un xboct. [...] Korga cT0Hna xopomaH noroga, 0Ha KpacuBo nena. y Hee 6bin oHeHb KpacuBbin ronoc, KaKoro HeT hu y ogHoro HenoBeKa, TonbKo cnoB, hto 0Ha nena, 6bino He noHHTb» (LD, 29; SV, 25). Mnu: Senais laikais vandenyje gyveno narés. Iki pusés jos büdavo moters pavidalo, o nuo pusés - žuvies. Narés labai gražios, kaip laumés. Naktimis, patekéjus ménuliui, jos išlisdavo ant vandens,
Mu^onüruHecKaa cocTaBnaro^aa cnaBaHcKüñ uxTuaroruHecKüM TepMUHonüruu
sokdavo rateliu, dainuodavo «B cTapbie BpeMeHa b Boge xunu Hapbi. HanonoBUHy ühu 6binu c Bugy xeH^HHH, a HanonoBUHy - pbi6bi. Hapbi oHeHb KpacuBbi, KaK nayMbi. no HOHaM, npu nyHe, ohm Bbixogunu U3 Bogbi, nnacanu, nenu» (SV, 26)7.
06pa3 «cupeHbi» - noro^eñ nonypbi6bi-nonygeBbi b 6anTo-cnaBaHcKoñ Hapog-hüm Tpagu^uu xopomo U3BecTeH, u, BuguMo, ero Henb3a oTgenaTb ot npegcTaBneHuñ o noro^eñ pbi6e. Bo BcaKoM cnynae, b 6anTo-cnaBaHcKoñ Tpagu^uu pbi6a, KaK npa-Buno, u3gaeT ronoc u 6e3 KaKUx-nu6o HaMeKoB Ha aHTpo^oMop^U3a^uro. Cp. paccKa3
06	o3epe ^a6e Ha ceBepo-BocToKe ^utbh: Ruden¡, uzsalus ledui, pradeda trükti ledas ir girdisi zviegimas. Jei ezeras labiau zviegia, bus nelaimé - karas, badas ar kt. Zmonés sako, kad zuvis kaukia. Ükia pavasar¡ ir ruden¡ «OceHbro, Korga 3acTbrneT neg, oh HaHUHaeT TpecKaTbca, u cnbimuTca Bu3r. Ecnu o3epo bu3xut cunbHee, 6ygeT HecnacTbe - BoñHa, ronog unu gp. .Hrogu roBopaT, hto ^To p bi 6 a b o e t. ryguT BecHoñ u oceHbro» (Ziliené 1996, 213-214). HanpuMep, o pbi6e BbroHe b Hapoge roBopaT: Vijünas strosna zuvis ir cypia, kaip pagauna «BbroH cTpamHaa pbi6a u nn^uT, Korga noñMaroT»; Vijünq sugauni, kaip gyvaciokas cypia «BbroHa noñMaemb, nu^HT KaK 3MeeHbim»; Ezere büdavo vijün^ su üsais, cypia, kaip pagauni «B o3epe Bogunucb BbroHbi c ycaMu, nu^aT, Korga noñMaemb»; Vijünai zole béga ir spiegia «BbroHH no TpaBe 6eryT u BU3xaT» (LKZ XIX, 329-330).
B cBa3u c ^THM cp. cnegyro^ue cnaBaHcKue Ha3BaHua pbi6: TaKue pyccKue Ha-3BaHua pbi6bi paMmu, a TaKxe pa3Hbix BugoB Kep^ (Cottus), KaK peBe^, péB^a, péBHa, peB1K, pxB^, p1BHa, Bocxoga^ue HenocpegcTBeHHo k peBemb, pxBKamb (flanb IV, 89; Urbutis 1981, 1588); ganee, pyc. peB^^a 'Kapn', BopHyH 'TepcKuñ ycaH, nucKaBKa '^m-noBKa', nucKonn 'cbipTb', nucKOH 'BbroH, 'necKapb', 'yropb', '^unoBKa, 6np. nucKyH, 6onr. nucKÜn 'rone^, c.-xopB. piskavac, piskavica, non. piskun 'BbroH, cnB^ piskor, Hem. piskor '^unoBKa' (piskat 'cBucTeTb'), TaKxe c.-xopB. piskavica 'MopcKaa MUHora' (KOTopoñ, no cnoBaM M. Xup^a, «Ha3BaHue OHeHb nogxoguT, TaK KaK pbi6a noxoxa Ha cBupenb»), pyc. cBucmoxa 'nexoHb, 6onr. cBupe^ '^unoBKa' (cBupn 'nu^aTb, cp. cBupé^ 'HenoBeK, urparo^uñ Ha cBupKe') u T.n. (YcaneBa 2003, 74-74, 146, 155; KonoMue^ 1983, 37). C pyccKUMU cnoBaMU nucK, num,amb M. ^acMep cBa3biBaeT TaKxe pyc. nucKapb, guan. nucKÜn u T.n., b KaHecTBe TunonoruHecKUx npuMepoB npuBoga e^e «non. sykawiec 'BbroH' ot sykac 'muneTb', aut. pyplys 'BbroH, necKapb' : pypti 'nu^aTb, nTm. pika 'BbroH, pikste, piksta - 'to xe' : ptkstet,-u, ptkset 'cBucTeTb, nu^aTb'» (^acMep III, 267). K nonb-cKoMy sykawiec 'BbroH' cp. e^e Ha3BaHua ^unoBKU non. guan. sik, sikawka, sikawycia, sikawiec, h., cab^ sykavec, yKp. guan. cuk, cÚKaBKa, 6np. guan. ciKa, ciKOBKa, pyc. guan. cuk, cuKOBKa u gp. (k cuKamb 'cbinaTb'); a TaKxe TaKue repMaHcKue Ha3BaHua BbroHa, KaK H.-B.-HeM. Schreiaal, 6yKBanbHo 'Kpuna^uñ yropb, Piepaal 'nu^a^uñ yropb, gaTcK. piepfisch 'nu^a^aa pbi6a' u T.n. (KonoMue^ 1983, 37-38).
3aKnroneHue
Moxho 6bino 6h npuBecTU e^e HecKonbKo npuMepoB nogo6Hoñ ceMaHTUHecKoñ Koppena^uu Mexgy cnaBaHcKUMU (u He TonbKo cnaBaHcKUMu) uxTuoHUMaMU, c ogHoñ cropoHbi, u cnaBaHcKoñ unu, mupe, 6anTo-cnaBaHcKoñ «pbi6Hoñ» Mu^onorueñ, ogHaKo u cKa3aHHoro gocraTOHHo gna Toro, hto6h noKa3aTb aBHyro Heo6xoguMocTb npu uc-
7	Náré - Bug «BogaHbix geB», 6yKBanbHo 'Hbipanb^u^'; cp. nTm. nara 'tü xe'.
8	Co cchaküm Ha: ^UHg6epr, repg 1972, 248. BonpeKU M. OacMepy, y3peBmeMy 3gecb 3auMcTBüBaHue U3 ca-aMcKoro guan. reaksta 'Cottus quadricornis' (OacMep III, 456).
cnegoBaHuu MXTuonoruHecKoM neKcuKM yHMTHBaTb MM^onoruHecKue npegcTaBneHua o pbiöax.
npu ^TÜM MXTUoHMMbl B ^TÜM OTHOmeHMM, MÜ^HO HageflTbcfl, He cocTaBHAKlT ucKnroHeHMH, u caM ^pMH^M^ BbigeneHua MM^onomqecKOM cocTaBnaro^eö b ceMaH-TMHecKOM MOTMBa^MM HauMeHoBaHua pbiö, BuguMo, Mo^eT öbiTb pacnpocTpaHeH u Ha gpyrue oönacTM oKpy^aro^ero Mupa, ocBoeHHoro HenoBeKoM e^e npu rocnogcTBe Tpa-gH^HüHHüM Kynbrypbi u MM^onorMHecKoro MupoBocnpuaTUfl.
cokpa^ehha ^htepatypm u hctohhhkob
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MM^onoraHecKas cocTaBnsro^as cnaBSHCKOM MXTMonorM^ecKOM TepMMHonoraM
Mythological Component in the Slavic Ichthyological Terminology
Dainius Razauskas
There is a layer in Slavic ichthyological terminology which is either directly connected with some well-known mythological beings or indicates a mythological imagery scarcely characteristic of the common living conditions of fish. As a rule, such an ichthyonyms are explained according to the appearance of the fish and its behaviour. Nevertheless, in some cases, the semantics of these ichthyonyms conforms to corresponding mythological motives so well that the question of the influence of a mythological world-view on their origin - that is, the question of the mythological component in the semantic motivation of these ichthyonyms - is apt to be stated. The features of the appearance and behaviour of the fish may serve in such cases only as a pretext to switch on the mythological apprehension.
Several cases of this kind are presented in the article. Firstly, fish-names with the literal meaning of 'devil' and the mythological data connecting the fish with the devil. Secondly, the mythological data connecting fish with a tree and the fish-names which literally mean some species of the tree. Thirdly, some mythological material connecting fish with a scythe or sickle and the corresponding fish-names. Then, the well-known mythological imagery of the fishes as the cattle of their "herdsman" or "king" (i.e. water-sprite) and the corresponding fish-names. And, finally, the mythological images of the "singing fishes" (or water-nymphs) in connection with the ichthyonyms literally meaning 'hooting, screaming, squeaking'.
In conclusion, it is evident that the consideration of the traditional mythological imagery in the research of the ichthyological terminology is indispensable. And we can hope, moreover, that the ichthyonyms in this respect do not make an exception.