M STATISTICAL OFFICE OF THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA PEOPLE, FAMILIES, DWELLINGS INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF STATISTICS participating organization V fiT? iiifAfi? iu!i?A! ššštšt v V«i f«v V99v rv f«V Vi«! V lift llfAfA? IAI?A!A? ft V I Vil 9 Q ViiV ! V Vi! Vi V Al!A!A? Al ! I Vi! Vi! Vii! ! V l!A! All!A!l? AIA!l!A! ftftft?ft? ! V Vi! V ! Vi! Vi! Vii! Vi! Vii! ! ! Vi! V ! ll?A!l! ftftftlftlft? ft ! ! Vi! V Vii! ! ! Vi! V V 11 Vit Vit Vi it t V št št ššštštšt ššštš Vi! Vii! ! Vi! Vi! Vii! TI t® registrski popis 2011 STATISTICAL OFFICE OF THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA PEOPLE, FAMILIES, DWELLINGS Ljubljana, June 2013 registrski popis 2011 Authors: Danilo Dolenc, Erna Miklič, Barica Razpotnik, Darja Šter, Tina Žnidaršič Translated by Boris Panič Printed by Littera picta, d. o. o. The publication is available at: www.stat.si/eng/pub.asp Information: Information Centre phone: + 386 1 241 64 044 e-mail: info.stat@gov.si CIP - Kataložni zapis o publikaciji Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica, Ljubljana 314(497.4)"2011" PEOPLE, families, dwellings / [authors Danilo Dolenc ... [et al.] ; translated by Boris Panič]. - Ljubljana : Statistični urad Republike Slovenije, 2013 ISBN 978-961-239-271-0 ISBN 978-961-239-272-7 (pdf) 1. Dolenc, Danilo 267627520 Issued and published by the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Litostrojska cesta 54 - © SURS - Use and publication of data is allowed provided the source is acknowledged - Printed in 190 copies - ISBN 978-961-239-271-0 INTRODUCTION Population censuses, which are among the most extensive statistical surveys, are conducted by most of the countries in the world. According to United Nations data, population censuses around 2010 were or will be conducted by all but seven countries. For many countries population censuses are namely the only source of data on the number of population. Population censuses are important milestones for any country, since a comparison of results of successive censuses reveals the picture of population development through decades and centuries. Usually, population censuses are also conducted to collect data on households, families and dwellings. However, each country can also collect other nationally important data. The first population census on the present-day territory of Slovenia was ordered by the Empress Maria Theresa and was conducted as of 31 October 1857. The latest census was conducted by the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia as of 1 January 2011. The results of the 2011 Census of Population, Households and Housing in Slovenia are presented in this publication. This census was an important turning point and a great achievement for Slovene statistics since it was the first one conducted without enumerators knocking on people's doors. The data were collected from registers, i.e. by linking data from various administrative and statistical data sources. So far only ten European countries have managed to conduct censuses in such a way. Censuses are a country's identity card, a mirror that shows how many people there are, where they come from, how educated they are, how many of them are employed, and in what communities and dwellings they live. The first part of this publication presents these data for Slovenia. The second part shows census data at the level of statistical regions, through indicators that are largely different than traditional, general indicators. In addition to basic figures on statistical regions, we point out the phenomena that are not that often talked about but say volumes about the way people in Slovenia live. Each of the twelve statistical regions was ranked according to each presented indicator. Census data are truly a treasure. Because each figure includes every person in Slovenia, the booklet will be interesting for the general public. To be even more understandable - and because a picture is often worth more than a thousand words - many data are presented in charts, maps or short tables. Because modern societies are rapidly changing and because the users need updated statistics, census data will be provided in intervals shorter than ten years. The next implementation of the full register-based census is planned for 1 January 2015, while some selected census data will be available every year. You are most cordially invited to read the publication or even just browse it. We are convinced that at least some of the data on people living in the Republic of Slovenia will remain in your memory. You can learn even more about the 2011 census by browsing our SI-STAT web portal. Irena Križman, Director-General CONTENTS INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3 1857-2011 CENSUSES..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................7 1857-2011 Censuses..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................8 POPULATION................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................11 Population structure....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................12 Population density..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................13 Citizenship..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................14 Household and family charasteristics of the population..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................16 Women and children..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................18 Immigration from abroad................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................20 Migration characteristics......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................22 Activity..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................26 Education................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................30 FAMILIES AND HOUSEHOLDS..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................33 Households........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................34 Families........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................38 DWELLINGS......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................41 Housing stock..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................42 Occupied dwellings........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................44 Unoccupied dwellings..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................47 REVIEW BY STATISTICAL REGIONS..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................49 METHODOLOGY......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................75 Explanations on the 2011 Register-based Census....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................76 DEFINITIONS OF SOME OF THE TERMS USED........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................80 ABBREVATIONS AND UNITS OF MEASUREMENT............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................82 SOURCES AND LITERATURE..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................83 1857-2011 CENSUSES 1857-2011 CENSUSES Population censuses are the oldest, most extensive and therefore most expensive statistical surveys since they are based on full coverage of people living at a specific time on the territory of a specific country. Chart 1: Population pyramid, Slovenia, 1921 and 2011 10 15 20 number (1,000) I I 2011 Census □ 1921 Census Source: SURS 2002 Census, the last field census in Slovenia The first modern population census was conducted on the territory of present-day Slovenia in 1857; at that time for the first time the reference date was determined and the data were published. After that 15 more population censuses were conducted. Censuses were conducted approximately every ten years (with only two exceptions: in 1941 no census was conducted due to the start of World War II and 17 years passed until the census in 1948 and only five to the next census in 1953). The 2002 Census, the first one in independent Slovenia, was also the last traditional census conducted by about 10,000 field enumerators, who collected data directly from the people. Already at the 1991 Census and to a much larger extent at the 2002 Census administrative data sources were used (especially the Central Population Register). Chart 2: 1857-2011 censuses, Slovenia, present-day territory population (mio) 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 women per 100 men - 114 - 112 - 110 - 108 - 106 - 104 - 102 L loo 1857 1869 1880 1890 1900 1910 1921 1931 1948 1953 1961 1971 1981 1991 2002 2011 population women per 100 men ibsurs Source: SURS In the last 154 years for which reliable data are available, the population on the present-day territory of Slovenia did not even double. Due to the casualties of World War II the male to female ratio changed significantly; however, the lowest share of women in 2011 in the history of Slovenia was mostly the result of modern economic immigration of predominantly male population, mostly from the territory of former Yugoslavia. 2011 - an important milestone in the development of Slovene statistics The 2011 Census, the sixteenth population census conducted on the territory of present-day Slovenia, was the first complete register-based population census in Slovenia, i.e. by linking numerous data from existing administrative and statistical sources without additional fieldwork or conducting additional statistical surveys. The last census differs from the previous traditional census conducted in 2002 in several important aspects: The census reference date was 1 January (since 1953 it has always been 31 March). • The obligation to conduct a census was for EU Member States for the first time determined by a European regulation (censuses used to be conducted only on the basis of UN recommendations). • Implementation of the register-based census was included in the Medium-Term Programme of Statistical Surveys 2008-2012 (for the implementation of previous censuses a special act was adopted, mainly because of large costs). Figure 1: European countries that conduct register-based censuses and year of first implementation 1970 1990 Denmark Netherlands Finland With a register-based population census Slovenia joined few European countries that have already conducted such censuses. Denmark was the first country in the world to conduct such a census already in 1970, while most of the other countries conducted such censuses for the first time in 2011. Table 1: Basic data, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Population 2,050,189 Families 567,347 men 1,014,563 with children 429,673 women 1,035,626 without children 137,674 Households 813,531 Dwellings 844,656 one-member 266,489 occupied 670,127 multi-member 547,042 unoccupied 174,529 Source: SURS 2011 Andorra Austria Belgium Iceland Norway Slovenia Sweden POPULATION WOMEN AND CHILDREN ft ft ft * A * V 99 Vii 26% 20% 39% POPULATION STRUCTURE In terms of territory and population Slovenia is a small country with an unfavourable age structure. On 1 January 2011 it had a population of 2,050,189. A sixth of them were 65+ years old, and slightly fewer (a seventh) were under 15 years old. Men were on average 40 years old and women were 3.3 years older. Chart 3: Age structure of the population, selected municipalities, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 I I — ■t ^ LI 'i o u*i I I I I I I I I I I I I I I OIJ^OL'IOu'IQIJ^OL'IQU'IOU^ ,— — ft -4 Li Li ■ Gorenja vas - Poljane Zagorje ob Savi Kostel Source: SURS Table 2: Selected demographic indicators, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Mean age (years) 41.7 Ageing index 116.5 Population aged 0-14 (%) 14.2 Population aged 15-64 (%) 69.3 Population aged 65+ (%) 16.5 Young age dependency ratio 20.5 Old age dependency ratio 23.9 Source: SURS Almost 90% of the population aged 40-74 are married Among the population aged up to 36 single people (never married) predominated. Among the population aged 37+ fewer were single as up to the age of 78 most of the people were married and after this age most of the people were widowed. Data on marital status differ rather significantly by sex: married women predominated among women aged 36-71 (more than a half), while married men predominated among men aged 40-91. Most women aged 85+ were widows (75%) and most men aged 85+ were married (55%), which shows that women live longer than men do. Chart 4: Population pyramid, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 single married widowed I I divorced 100 Source: SURS 80 100 number (1,000) ©surs POPULATION DENSITY Population density in Slovenia on 1 January 2011 was 101 per km2 but the density was far from being the same all over the country. There are large differences already within larger cities, as well as between settlements, municipalities and statistical regions. Map 1: Population density, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Table 3: Population density, statistical regions, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 number per km not inhabited I I 1 - 49 I I 50- 99 I I 100- 249 I I 250 - 499 500 or more People per km2 Slovenia 101.1 Osrednjeslovenska 208.7 Zasavska 167.5 Podravska 148.9 Savinjska 108.9 Obalno-kraška 106.1 Gorenjska 95.2 Pomurska 89.1 Spodnjeposavska 79.3 Koroška 69.6 Jugovzhodna Slovenija 53.3 Goriška 51.2 Notranjsko-kraška 35.9 Sources: SURS, SMA Source: SURS By far the most densely populated municipality was Ljubljana (over 1,000 people per km2), while in municipality Solčava, which was the least densely populated, the density was only 5 people per km2. The most densely populated municipalities were those with large cities and municipalities that are smaller in area, larger in population and located on the outskirts of major employment centres. The least densely populated were municipalities a large part of which was unpopulated (e.g. mountains, forests) and municipalities that are far from important centres. Among seven settlements with more than 20,000 inhabitants the most densely populated was Maribor (more than 2,300 people per km2), and the least densely populated was Novo mesto (about 700 people per km2). Word cloud 1: The most densely populated settlements, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 ZagorjeobSavi Nova Gorica^™ Piran/Pirano™' Stara Loka Škofja Loka Velenje u. Srednje Jarše Radlje ob Dravi Domžale Maribor Source: SURS CITIZENSHIP Already before it won independence Slovenia was very interesting in terms of employment for people from other less developed parts of former Yugoslavia. After independence, joining the EU and opening the labour market, Slovenia became interesting for immigrants from other countries. On 1 January 2011 citizens of countries from the area of former Yugoslavia represented the largest group of foreign citizens in Slovenia (87.7%); 6.5% of foreign citizens were citizens of other EU Member States and 5.8% were citizens of other countries. So, every 25th person in Slovenia was a citizen of one of 136 different foreign countries. Table 4: Population by country of citizenship, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Number Population of Slovenia 2,050,189 Slovenia 1,967,443 Foreign countries 82,746 Bosnia and Herzegovina 38,836 Kosovo 9,034 Macedonia 8,817 Croatia 7,738 Serbia 7,561 Ukraine 1,219 Bulgaria 1,084 China 877 Italy 870 Germany 761 Montenegro 609 Russian Federation 597 Slovakia 451 United Kingdom 391 Austria 378 Republic of Moldova 273 United States 236 Romania 230 Hungary 201 France 179 Thailand 179 Poland 175 Czech Republic 163 Dominican Republic 149 Netherlands 111 other countries 1,627 Among foreign citizens more young people and more men than among Slovene citizens Foreign citizens were on average younger than Slovene citizens: foreign citizens were on average 37.7 years old and Slovene citizens 41.8 years old. Among citizens of countries on the area of former Yugoslavia, the youngest were citizens of Kosovo (30.1 years) and the oldest citizens of Croatia (45.3 years). Among foreign citizens the share of men was much higher than among Slovene citizens. Among Slovene citizens the sex ratio was 94 men per 100 women and among foreign citizens 244 men per 100 women. Chart 5: Population by citizenship, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 % 100n 80 60 40 20 citizens of citizens of countries citizens of Slovenia on the area of other EU Member former Yugoslavia States citizens of other countries Source: SURS population of Slovenia men women Source: SURS 2,488 residents of Slovenia are citizens of one of the non-European countries Citizens of 35 Asian countries (more than half of them Chinese citizens), 31 African countries, 15 countries of North and Central America, 11 South American countries (most of them Brazilian citizens) and four countries of Oceania (most of them Australian citizens) were living in Slovenia on 1 January 2011. Foreign citizens slightly less educated and mostly working in construction The education level of foreign citizens was on average slightly lower than the education level of total population. Almost half of the population of Slovenia aged 15+ had upper secondary education (professional or general) or post-secondary education, while the share for foreign citizens was less than a fifth. Most of the employed foreign citizens of countries on the area of former Yugoslavia living in Slovenia worked in construction (47%). The share was the highest among citizens of Kosovo (73%), while most of the employed citizens of Serbia (a quarter) worked in manufacturing. Most of the employed foreign citizens of other EU Member States worked in manufacturing (17%); the share was the highest for citizens of Slovakia (22%). Foreign nationals more frequently live in urban areas Three out of four foreign citizens lived in urban areas, while the ratio for total population was half in urban and half in non-urban areas. As many as 76% of citizens of countries on the area of former Yugoslavia and more than 90% of all citizens of China lived in urban areas. On the other hand, more than half of the citizens of the United Kingdom, Hungary, the Netherlands, Germany and Italy lived in non-urban areas. Table 5: Settlements with the highest number of foreign nationals, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Chart 6: Foreign citizens by country of citizenship, statistical regions, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Foreign citizens Citizenship number % countries on the area of former Yugoslavia other EU Member States other countries Ljubljana 19,474 7.2 17,355 1,218 901 Maribor 5,288 5.6 4,704 370 214 Celje 2,699 7.2 2,480 155 64 Koper 2,652 10.6 2,341 116 195 Kranj 2,511 6.8 2,270 110 131 Novo mesto 1,855 7.9 1,715 70 70 Velenje 1,836 7.2 1,741 73 22 Izola 1,200 10.7 1,097 50 53 % 8 Obalno-kraška Osrednjeslovenska Notranjsko-kraška Spodnjeposavska Goriška Slovenia Savinjska Jugovzhodna Slovenija Gorenjska Zasavska Podravska Koroška Pomurska countries on the area of former Yugoslavia other EU Member States other countries Source: SURS III III 1 1 | II III III III II III 1 Source: SURS HOUSEHOLD AND FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION On 1 January 2011, 98.3% the population of Slovenia lived in private households and 1.7% in institutional and other households. Two thirds of the population lived in families of one or two parents with children and every eighth person lived alone. Table 6: Status of persons in the household, Map 2: Children aged less than 15 by type of family, statistical regions, Slovenia, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 1 January 2011 % Total 100.0 Spouse without children 12.2 Spouse with children 23.2 Mother with children 5.8 Father with children 1.1 Unmarried partner without children 1.2 Unmarried partner with children 4.8 Child in a marriage 19.6 Child in a lone parent family 9.4 Child in a consensual union 3.8 Not a family member, lives alone 13.0 Not a family member, lives with others 4.2 Member of an institutional/other household 1.7 Source: SURS Chart 7: Population by age and number of household members, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 number of members ■ 0-14 30-39 65+ »suns Source: SURS Children and youth Most of the children aged less than 15 lived with married parents (almost 54%), slightly more than 25% lived with one of the parents and about 20% lived with unmarried parents. More than half of the population aged up to 27 years still lived in their primary families with one or both parents. There is a difference of a few years between the two sexes: up to the age of 29 more than half of men and up to the age of 26 more than half of women still lived in their primary families. Leaving the parents At age 30 the number of men who lived with at least one parent outnumbered the number of men who lived alone, as partners or as parents, but it was below 50%, whereas one year older men mostly lived alone or in own families (as partners and/or fathers). More than half of women aged 27 lived alone or in their own families (as partners and/or mothers). The difference between women and men is the result of the age difference at establishing a partnership; for several decades the mean age of groom at first marriage has been about 3 years higher than the mean age of bride at first marriage. Mature period Between the ages of 30 and 60 people were the most frequently spouses with children. People aged 61+ were more frequently spouses without children as their children had already moved out of their households and created their own families. From age 79+ on most of the people lived alone (mostly due to the death of their spouses). Almost 19% of people aged 85+ lived in institutional households, the most frequently in old people's homes. Chart 9: Members of institutional households, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 65 70 75 85 90 95 100+ age men - women ©surs Source: SURS Chart 8: Status in the family, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 % men M 5-9 10-14 15—19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85+ age 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-« 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85+ age i-1 not a family '-' member □ child I_| mother/father in a lone parent family mother/father in a unmarried partner ... . .... j.. ., ^^ ^ ..7, ^^ spouse without children ^_^ two-parent family ^_^ without children ^_^ ©surs Source: SURS WOMEN AND CHILDREN In the past 150 years an increasing number of women in Slovenia have become mothers. In the past ten years the number of mothers increased by 31,000, while - due to lower fertility - the total number of live-births went up by only 19,000. On 1 January 2011 there were 663,127 mothers in Slovenia. Only every fourth woman aged 15+ had not yet given birth. Table 7: Fertility of women, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Age Average number of children per woman Gave birth to 4 or more children (%) Did not give birth (%) Total 1.51 4.4 25.9 15-19 0.01 0.0 99.4 20-29 0.32 0.2 76.6 30-39 1.38 2.0 24.2 40-49 1.81 3.5 8.8 50-59 1.88 3.8 6.5 60-69 1.97 5.8 6.7 70-79 2.08 10.3 8.5 80+ 2.17 15.2 13.0 Source: SURS Chart 10: Average number of live-births per woman, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Ever more mothers By 1 January 2011 women living in Slovenia had given birth to 1,348,967 children; each mother had on average two children. If this indicator is calculated for all women aged 15+, i.e. those who were already out of their fertility period and those who had not even started to give birth, the average number is 1.5 children. Most mothers have two children The number of children born by a woman increases with her age. Population replacement (more than 2.08 children per woman) was provided by women born by the mid-1930s. Generations of women who are now 40-44 years old and for whom we can predict that they are already out of their fertility period on average gave birth to between 1.7 and 1.8 children. Generations of women who are now 20-30 years old enter their fertility period gradually and steadily. Half of the women aged 29 are already mothers, whereas at the age of 35 four out of five women are mothers. Among women aged 40-69 one in two had two children. Chart 11: Women and live-born children, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 no children 1 child 2 children 3 children 4 or more children ©surs Source: SURS Source: SURS Fertility of women born abroad is similar to fertility of women born in Slovenia The most important reason for a relatively long period of gradual decline in fertility -which reached its critical values only after Slovenia won independence - was immigration, even though there are no major differences between fertility of women whose country of birth was Slovenia and those who were foreign-born. Immigrant women rapidly adjusted to the new environment. Among women over 40, who are not very likely to become mothers, fertility of women who came to Slovenia from countries on the area of former Yugoslavia is slightly lower than for women born in Slovenia (1.91 vs. 1.95). The higher the education the fewer the children Better educated women have fewer children; at the same time, the higher the education the more likely it is that a woman will have no children. More time spent in education has an impact on postponing giving birth. These differences are the most evident at age 25-30, when many women are finishing their studies. The fertility rate of female students at this age was 0.06 and of graduates 0.48, while women at that age on average gave birth to 0.58 child. Chart 12: Fertility of women aged 30+, by education, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 number (10,000) 25 20 15 10 basic or less lower or upper upper secondary secondary vocational general or professional tertiary no children Source: SURS 1 child 2 children 3 or more children Table 8: Fertility of women by country/region of birth, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Average number of children per woman Gave birth to 4 or more children (%) Did not give birth (%) aged 15+ Total 1.51 4.4 25.9 Slovenia 1.49 4.5 27.0 countries on the area of former Yugoslavia 1.73 4.2 13.6 other countries 1.30 3.2 30.8 aged 40+ Total 1.95 6.4 8.2 Slovenia 1.95 6.6 8.3 countries on the area of former Yugoslavia 1.91 4.9 6.6 other countries 1.74 5.3 13.0 Source: SURS IMMIGRATION FROM ABROAD Already before independence Slovenia was a target immigration area for people from mostly less developed areas of former Yugoslavia. To a large extent they were typical economic immigrants with non-Slovene background but also some of Slovene origin. Table 9: Population by country of birth and citizenship, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Number % Population of Slovenia 2,050,189 100.0 Citizens of Slovenia 1,967,443 96.0 Slovenia 1,818,063 88.7 abroad 149,380 7.3 Foreign citizens 82,746 4.0 abroad 79,208 3.8 Slovenia 3,538 0.2 Source: SURS Every ninth resident of Slovenia was born abroad On 1 January 2011 there were almost 229,000 immigrants (11%) living in Slovenia, 59,000 more than in 2002. The increase by a third in the last decade was the result of: • Increasing demand for labour force (especially in construction); • Accession of Slovenia and other countries to the EU, when due to the free movement of labour people from some new countries started to immigrate to Slovenia (e.g. Slovakia, Bulgaria); • Secondary immigration of family members of foreign citizens already living in Slovenia (mostly from the area of former Yugoslavia). Despite these changes, Slovenia is still very closely connected with countries on the area of former Yugoslavia; 87% of first generation immigrants were born in one of these countries. Two out of three foreign-born residents already had Slovenian citizenship (most of them got their citizenship shortly after independence), so that Slovenia is among the European countries with the highest shares of citizens born abroad. Chart 13: Foreign-born population by age, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 age - age at immigration age at the census Source: SURS Chart 14: Foreign-born population by region/country of birth, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 , non-European countries other European countries 2% 11% countries on the area of former Yugoslavia 87% number (10,000) 20- 16- 12- 4 - Montenegro Kosovo 1 1 Macedonia □ Serbia Croatia Bosnia and Herzegovina Source: SURS Slovenia's residents come from 165 countries With the exception of countries on the area of former Yugoslavia, Austria, Italy, Germany, Ukraine, France, the Russian Federation and Switzerland, in no other foreign country more than a thousand residents of Slovenia were born. Almost 5,000 people were born in 123 non-European countries. Most of these people came from China (784), but only 5% of them had Slovene citizenship. Residents whose country of birth was one of the non-European countries that in the 20th century attracted many Slovene emigrants (Argentina, Canada, United States) mostly had Slovene citizenship (82%). 50 countries were countries of birth for fewer than 5 residents each. Among countries of origin from the area of former Yugoslavia, most Slovene citizens who immigrated to Slovenia came from Croatia (87%) and the fewest (22%) from Kosovo. Among new first-generation immigrants (after 1991) from these countries fewer than 30% were Slovene citizens. Chart 15: Foreign-born population from selected countries by period of immigration, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 up to 1950 1951-1960 1961-1970 1971-1980 1981-1990 1991-2000 2001-2010 Bosnia and Herzegovina -Croatia Kosovo -Serbia ©surs Source: SURS Every 100th resident born in Slovenia also lived abroad Of the 21,892 residents who were born in Slovenia, emigrated from the country and later on returned (return migrants), 94% were Slovene citizens. They returned from 101 countries, but from only 16 of them at least 100. Most of the return migrants from countries on the area of former Yugoslavia were descendants of first-generation immigrants. Most of the return migrants from countries important for temporary economic migration of Slovenes (migrant workers) returned after retiring (mean age of return migrants from Germany was 60 years). Return migrants from developed non-European countries (United States, Canada, Australia) represented more than a third of Slovenia's international migration flow with these countries. Chart 16: Foreign-born population by activity status and period of immigration, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 number (10,000) 12 -, m □ employed retired other unem- children, inactive ployed pupils, students I I 2000-2010 □ 1999 or before osurs Source: SURS Table 10: Foreign-born population by selected countries of birth, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Number % men citizens of Slovenia Bosnia and Herzegovina 96,897 62.2 60.0 Croatia 49,158 49.1 87.3 Serbia 26,368 58.4 68.7 Macedonia 13,658 62.7 36.8 Kosovo 9,350 71.7 22.2 Germany 8,480 50.3 90.5 Austria 3,164 47.0 89.0 Italy 3,134 50.9 75.4 Montenegro 2,811 55.1 80.2 Ukraine 1,406 26.3 18.6 France 1,244 45.9 85.6 Russian Federation 1,120 30.1 46.4 Switzerland 1,112 51.3 90.8 Source: SURS MIGRATION CHARACTERISTICS Compared to other European countries, migration mobility of Slovene population is very low, particularly mobility between statistical regions. Despite that, on 1 January 2011 there were only seven settlements in Slovenia in which all people had been living there since they were born. On the other hand, in 72 settlements only immigrants were living. In three out of four settlements at least one foreign-born person was living. Because the share of migrants increases with age (the probability that a person will move at least once in a lifetime is about 75%), people who had never moved were on average 13 years younger than migrants (their mean age was almost 47 years). Table 11: Population by type of migration, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Number % Total 2,050,189 100.0 Never migrated 818,564 39.9 International migrants 250,480 12.2 did not move after 154,412 7.5 immigration moved after immigration 74,176 3.6 return migrants 21,892 1.1 Internal migrants (last migration) 981,145 47.9 between settlements of the same municipality 313,207 15.3 between municipalities 406,132 19.8 between statistical regions 261,806 12.8 Source: SURS Chart 17: Population by type of last migration, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 did not migrate internal migrants international migrants Four out of ten migrants migrated in the last decade Even though migration is a repeatable demographic event, in population censuses only the last migration is monitored. Therefore, the number of migrants by year of last migration normally decreases with distance in time. Partly also due to the change in the definition of the population, most (8.8%) migrations were recorded in 2010. A large number of people migrated in the 1980s as a result of intensive housing construction in that period. In the 1990s, 1992 stands out as the year in which people migrated due to administrative registration of migration after the privatisation of state dwellings. Own dwelling is on the one hand a driver and on the other hand an inhibitor of internal spatial mobility. Chart 18: Migrants by year of last migration, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 number (10,000) 12 -i 10 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 ©surs Source: SURS Source: SURS Only three statistical regions record positive internal net migration Only 14% of native-born residents no longer live in the same statistical region in which they lived at birth. Only three statistical regions recorded positive interregional net migration (Osrednjeslovenska, Obalno-kraška and Gorenjska), with Osrednjeslovenska having a 77% share of total positive interregional net migration. Jugovzhodna Slovenija was the region that lost the largest number of people due to internal migration (15,600). Only the Obalno-kraška region recorded positive interregional net migration with all other regions, while Pomurska recorded negative interregional net migration with all other regions. Migration was the most balanced in Podravska, which had a slightly negative interregional net migration of 5 per 1,000 population due to emigration to Osrednjeslovenska. Interregional migration additionally accelerated the unequal demographic and social development in individual areas since emigrants are usually younger and better educated. The only regions with positive interregional net migration of people with tertiary education were Osrednjeslovenska (20,363) and Obalno-kraška (2,540). The centralisation of Slovenia is further confirmed by the fact that 38% of people who immigrated to the Osrednjeslovenska region have tertiary education and that every fifth person with tertiary education came to this region from somewhere else in Slovenia, mostly from Podravska, Savinjska and Jugovzhodna Slovenija. Chart 19: Interregional net migration, statistical regions, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 -150 -100 Obalno-kraška Osrednjeslovenska Gorenjska Podravska Savinjska Goriška Notranjsko-kraška Zasavska Koroška Pomurska Jugovzhodna Slovenija [ Spodnjeposavska per 1,000 population 0 50 100 150 □ C Table 12: Mobility of the native-born population, statistical regions, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Source: SURS Residence The same statistical region Interregional migrants at census at birth immigrated from another statistical region emigrated to another statistical region net migration Slovenia 1,821,601 1,821,601 1,565,092 256,509 256,509 0 Osrednjeslovenska 458,431 405,429 365,389 93,042 40,040 53,002 Obalno-kraška 86,776 74,722 66,487 20,289 8,235 12,054 Gorenjska 181,238 177,485 155,656 25,582 21,829 3,753 Podravska 295,600 297,120 264,367 31,233 32,753 -1,520 Zasavska 38,941 43,170 33,068 5,873 10,102 -4,229 Notranjsko-kraška 45,583 50,286 38,684 6,899 11,602 -4,703 Savinjska 233,417 239,881 207,965 25,452 31,916 -6,464 Goriška 108,776 116,312 99,204 9,572 17,108 -7,536 Koroška 68,596 76,308 62,282 6,314 14,026 -7,712 Spodnjeposavska 62,941 70,981 54,581 8,360 16,400 -8,040 Pomurska 112,933 125,928 104,076 8,857 21,852 -12,995 Jugovzhodna Slovenija 128,369 143,979 113,333 15,036 30,646 -15,610 Source: SURS Chart 20: Internal migrants aged 30+ by type of last migration and education, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 % 60-, 200- - migration between migration migration settlements of the between between same municipality municipalities statistical regions I I basic or less I I upper secondary I I tertiary ©surs Source: SURS Chart 21: The largest balanced interregional migration flows, statistical regions, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Gorenjska Savinjska Pomurska Source: SURS 11'5 Osrednjeslovenska Podravska Podravska Chart 22: Interregional native-born migrants, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 number (1,000) 3 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 age - men - women o suns Source: SURS The largest migration flows between neighbouring statistical regions Five migration flows between two statistical regions exceeded 10,000 migrants. The most numerous one-way flow was from Jugovzhodna Slovenija to the Osrednjeslovenska region (19,500 migrants), while the most numerous two-way flows were recorded between Osrednjeslovenska and Gorenjska, which were very balanced (25,000 migrantions in total). These three flows together with the flows from Podravska and Savinjska to Osrednjeslovenska represented more than a quarter of total interregional migration in Slovenia in view of the residence at birth. With the exception of emigration from an individual statistical region to Osrednjeslovenska, which was the result of functional centralisation and above-average development (in 2010 regional gross domestic product of Osrednjeslovenska was 41 index points above the national average), all other important flows occurred between two neighbouring regions. Map 3: Migration flows of Osrednjeslovenska with other regions by region of birth, statistical regions, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 emigrants to Osrednjeslovenska region immigrants from Osrednjeslovenska region Sources: SURS, SMA Women move more frequently than men Among people with first residence in Slovenia, by 1 January 2011 the settlement of residence was changed by 44% of men and by 56% of women. The differences start to increase after age 19, also due to temporary migration to the place of schooling because 60% of students are women. An important driver of internal migration after age 30 is also having a family and own household, so that among internal migrants aged 30+ only 20% were single, while the share for those who never migrated was 33%. The largest differences in migration between men and women are recorded between the ages of 40 and 50. At ages over 50 migration rates do not differ much; for men the highest rate was 65% and for women 73%. Chart 24: Migration rate of native-born population, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 40 20 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 I Chart 23: Native-born population by age at last migration, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 number (1,000) 25 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 -men - women ssurs - men Source: SURS Chart 25: Native-born population aged 30+ by type of migration and marital status, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 number (10,000) 25-, 20 .-i - - r T m ,-n m Source: SURS Five out of six internal migrants migrated before completing 40 years of age Age of internal migrants at last migration shows some facts about the life cycle. Migration of preschool children, which usually migrate together with their parents, is very frequent. From age 18 to age 33 a half of all internal migrants relocate. This age is characterised by temporary migration (particularly students, many of them women), establishing own families, birth of children and solving the housing problem. When a young family manages to get its own dwelling, mobility declines. As many as 40% of people aged 65+ at last migration moved into old people's homes. The last internal migration did not have a large impact on the ratio of the urban to non-urban population. Only 23,000 people more migrated from non-urban to urban areas than the other way around. Most internal migration events happened between urban areas (29%). internal migrants I I men I I women did not migrate Source: SURS Table 13: Internal migrants (last migration) by type of area, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Type of area of previous residence Type of area of current residence Slovenia urban non-urban Slovenia 1,057,323 572,886 484,437 Urban 550,168 302,431 247,737 Non-urban 507,155 270,455 236,700 Source: SURS ACTIVITY On 1 January 2011 the working age population - i.e. persons aged 15+ - in Slovenia numbered almost 1,760,000, which is 85.8% of total Slovenia's population; 53.7% of them were active (employed or unemployed) and 46.3% of them were inactive (in education, retired, other inactive people). Table 14: Activity status of the population aged 15+, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 % Total Men Women Active employed unemployed Inactive pupils students retired other inactive Source: SURS 53.7 47.5 6.2 46.3 5.1 5.3 28.5 7.4 60.1 53.4 6.7 39.9 5.4 4.6 23.9 6.1 47.5 41.8 5.7 52.5 4.8 6.0 33.0 8.7 Chart 26: Other inactive persons, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 number (1,000) 2,5 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 age - men - women ©suhs Source: SURS More men than women employed One in two persons in Slovenia aged 15+ was employed and every 16th was unemployed. The employment rate was higher for men (53.4%) than for women (41.8%). The differences in the activity of men and women are the result of women entering the labour market later and retiring earlier, and the larger number of men aged 15-74 as a result of specific sex structure of immigrants. Chart 27: Employed, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 number (10,000) 14 -i 12 10 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 age □ women ©surs men Source: SURS Two out of three employees work in services Until the 1961 Census most people were employed in agricultural activities. At the 1971, 1981 and 1991 censuses almost half of all employees worked in secondary activities (mainly industry). At the 2002 Census more than half of all employees worked in services and on 1 January 2011 the share of persons employed in these activities was 63%. 12% of the unemployed were first job seekers By 1 January 2011 an average unemployed man had been seeking employment for a year and a half, and an average unemployed woman two and a half months longer. More than 40% of all unemployed persons used to work in manufacturing, construction or trade. Relatively the fewest unemployed persons (3.7%) used to work in public administration. Table 15: Measures of activity of the population aged 15+, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 % Total Men Women Activity rate total 53.7 60.1 47.5 citizens of Slovenia 52.7 58.3 47.6 foreign citizens 75.6 86.8 45.7 Employment rate total 47.5 53.4 41.8 citizens of Slovenia 46.6 51.6 41.9 foreign citizens 67.9 79.7 36.6 Unemployment rate total 11.5 11.1 12.0 citizens of Slovenia 11.6 11.4 11.8 foreign citizens 10.2 8.3 19.9 Source: SURS Two out of three foreign citizens are employed There were almost 76,000 foreign citizens aged 15+ living in Slovenia on 1 January 2011. Almost 52,000 of them were employed, which means that their employment rate was 67.9%. Sex was a significant employment determinant for foreign citizens. Men were mostly employed, while the employment rate of foreign women was below average. As regards the citizens of Kosovo, the employment rate for men was 85.1% and for women only 12.2%. As regards the citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Macedonia, the employment rates for men were close to 80% and for women only about 36%. As regards activity status, most of the foreign women (41%) were classified among other inactive persons (homemakers, recipients of social benefits), while the share for foreign men was only 5%. Almost two thirds of female citizens of Kosovo and as many as half of female citizens of Macedonia had such an activity status. Chart 28: Activity status of the population aged 15+, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Citizens of Slovenia 7% Foreign citizens | | employed I | unemployed I | pupils, students I | retired I | other inactive Source: SURS Chart 29: Educational attainment of employed, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 master or doctor of science academic higher professional higher short-term tertiary, higher vocational upper secondary general or professional lower or upper secondary vocational basic education no education or incomplete basic | | men | | women Source: SURS Employed women better educated than employed men Employed women are on average better educated than employed men. One in three employed women had tertiary education, while the share for men was one in five. At age 20-40 more than half of employed women (55%) and almost half of employed men had tertiary education. Employed men still have advantage as regards master's and doctorate degrees but only due to a distinct difference between the number of older men and women with this level of education. As regards tertiary education, women aged 25-41 (except at age 32) already outnumber men of the same age. Only every fifth employee aged 50+ As expected, on average the oldest employees worked in agriculture (37%). Three out of four employees in agriculture worked on own or family farms. Other activities in which at least 25% of employees were aged 50+ are electricity supply (29%), water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities (29%), real estate activities (28%) and education (25%). The fewest older employees worked in information and communication activities (15%). Half of male managers and two thirds of female managers with tertiary education Almost 45,000 (5.4%) of employees belong to the occupational group of managers; two thirds of managers are men. Chart 30: Educational attainment of managers, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 number (1,000) 14-, _ 12 10 8 6 4 2 basic men women upper secondary short-term professional, master or tertiary, academic higher doctor of science higher vocational Source: SURS Retired persons Retired persons are the second largest population group behind employed. Every fourth man and every third woman aged 15+ was retired. The legally stipulated age for full retirement is being gradually introduced and differs by sex. Women who wanted to exercise their right to old-age pension in 2010 had to be at least 57 years old and had to have at least 37.3 years of the pension qualifying period, while men had to be at least 58 years old and had to have at least 40 years of the pension qualifying period. Pensions were received by 7.3% of women and 8.3% of men younger than the pension qualifying age. Chart 31: Retired persons, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 number (10,000) 12-| 10 8 6 4 2 ° 40—44 45—49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85-89 90-94 95-99 100+ age I I men EZI women 0SURS Source: SURS There are also large regional differences in education among retired persons. Pomurska had the highest share of retired persons with elementary school or less (one in two), which can be explained by a specific economic orientation of this region in the second half of the 20th century. Every tenth retired person in Slovenia had tertiary education. Table 16: Retired persons by type of household, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Total Men Women Total 501,842 206,449 295,393 One-member 120,416 32,440 87,976 Multi-member, retired 132,175 64,408 67,767 Multi-member, other 232,076 104,793 127,283 Institutional 17,175 4,808 12,367 Source: SURS Table 17: Educational attainment of retired persons, statistical regions, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 % Education basic or less tertiary Slovenia 43.4 10.4 Gorenjska 39.8 10.0 Goriška 48.9 8.7 Jugovzhodna Slovenija 52.0 7.1 Koroška 47.4 6.7 Notranjsko-kraška 50.5 7.4 Obalno-kraška 42.5 11.4 Osrednjeslovenska 35.0 16.0 Podravska 42.4 9.8 Pomurska 57.1 6.8 Savinjska 46.1 7.7 Spodnjeposavska 49.4 6.5 Zasavska 45.1 6.5 Source: SURS EDUCATION The educational structure is shown for persons aged 15+, i.e. after the age at which most of them finish compulsory elementary education. The educational level of Slovenia's population is improving; almost all teenagers continue their studies at the upper secondary level. The development of the network of tertiary education institutions, new forms of education, still free schooling and ever more difficult entry of young people into the labour market led to the increased enrolment in tertiary education. On 1 January 2011 every other resident had upper secondary education, every fourth had elementary education and every sixth had tertiary education or more. Chart 32: Educational attainment of the population aged 15+, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 1% 5% 8% 8% I I no education or incomplete basic I I basic education I I lower or upper secondary vocational I I upper secondary general or professional I I short-term tertiary, higher vocational I I professional academic higher I I master or doctor of science osi Source: SURS Table 18: Persons with tertiary education, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 % Age Total Men Women Total 17.5 15.3 19.6 25-29 26.4 17.2 36.6 30-34 31.7 22.9 41.5 35-39 28.4 21.3 36.2 40-44 23.2 18.2 28.4 45-49 20.2 16.4 24.2 50-54 17.7 15.9 19.5 55-59 14.9 14.1 15.7 60-64 15.2 16.3 14.1 65+ 10.2 15.4 6.9 Women on average better educated than men 15.3% of men and 19.6% of women had at least tertiary education. The higher educational level of women is the result of more women studying at tertiary level and being more successful in finishing their studies. Older women are less educated than older men; more of them had elementary education or less. Typical male education was upper secondary vocational education as almost two out of three persons with this education were men. Large regional variations Among persons aged 30-49 the share of people with tertiary education in the Osrednjeslovenska statistical region (33.4%) was almost twice the share in the Pomurska statistical region (17.7%). Due to large participation of young people in tertiary education, regional variations are gradually diminishing; however, due to more jobs available for highly educated people, tertiary graduates still work more often in Osrednjeslovenska, which is in addition to Obalno-kraška the only other region with positive net migration of people with tertiary education. Every fourth person who moved to Osrednjeslovenska has tertiary education. It can be said that the human capital is concentrated in Osrednjeslovenska, since almost half of the population with tertiary education who came to Slovenia from abroad live there. In the field of education Slovenia has already achieved one of Europe 2020 benchmarks One of the objectives of EU's growth strategy until 2020 in education is to increase the share of population aged 30-34 years with tertiary education to at least 40%. In Slovenia this goal has already been partly achieved: 41.5% of women in this age group already have tertiary education. However, the benchmark among men with tertiary education has been achieved just close to half (22.9%). Source: SURS At age 25-34 only one in ten residents does not have at least vocational education The educational level of younger generations that mostly continue their schooling after finishing elementary school exceeds the educational level of their parents. At age 25-34, when upper secondary education had already been obtained, fewer than 14% of men (in part due to a larger number of less educated foreign citizens in this age group) and only 7% of women had basic education or less. At age 45-59 education was finished at the elementary level by almost every fourth resident of Slovenia. For generations that used to attend school in the 1960s a reverse inequality between sexes can be noticed as 19% of men and 27% of women had elementary education or less. The disadvantage of women as regards participation in continuing education shows even more in generations that were on 1 January 2011 aged 65-79 and that attended school during World War II or in the decade after it; 20% of men and as many as 44% of women of that age had basic education or less. One in five foreign citizens in Slovenia has at least upper secondary professional education Foreign citizens living in Slovenia are on average less educated than Slovene citizens. The educational structure of foreign citizens is lowered by those that came from countries on the area of former Yugoslavia, who account for almost 88% of foreign citizens: 44% of them had basic education or less and only 4% had tertiary education. Their most frequent education was vocational upper secondary. On the other hand, a fifth of foreign citizens of other countries have tertiary education or more. These foreign citizens, even though few in number, slightly exceed Slovene citizen in terms of the educational level (20% vs. 18%). The number of master's and doctorate holders per 1,000 population with tertiary education also exceeds Slovene average (92 vs. 72). We could call this "brain gain". The data confirm the known fact that each migration flow (in this case "brain drain") is followed by a counter flow, which can even be stronger and have many positive effects in the receiving country. Chart 33: Persons with basic education, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 number (10,000) 12 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 age - men — women ©surs Source: SURS Chart 34: Persons with tertiary education by citizenship, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 20 15. 10. 5 citizens of citizens of countries citizens of Slovenia on the area other of former Yugoslavia countries I I men Source: SURS n Chart 35: Persons with professional, academic higher education, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 - men -women ©surs Source: SURS Chart 36: Masters or doctors of science, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 - men -women osurs Source: SURS People living in urban areas better educated There is also a difference in the educational structure of the population between urban and non-urban areas, which is the result of the accessibility of tertiary education institutions and appropriate jobs that are concentrated in urban centres. Every fifth (21.4%) person living in an urban area and every seventh (13.5%) person living in a non-urban area had a tertiary diploma, a master's degree or a doctorate. However, the difference between urban and non-urban population is decreasing. The shares for the age group 25-29 are the same. One in three persons living in a non-urban area had basic education or less, while in urban areas the share was one in four. The share of persons with vocational education was also higher in nun-urban than in urban areas. The difference between the two types of areas was the smallest as regards upper secondary education. Chart 37: Persons with tertiary education by type of area, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 % 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 I _ 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+ urban area non-urban area Source: SURS age ©surs FAMILIES AND HOUSEHOLDS FAMILIES couple with children single-parent couple without children lit A 19 25% It 24% HOUSEHOLDS On 1 January 2011 most of the people (98.4%) lived in private households (hereinafter households). The remaining 1.7% of people lived in institutional or so-called special households, which were for the first time defined at the 2011 Register-based Census. The homeless were also included in this category. Table 19: Households and population, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 number Type of household Households Population Total 813,872 2,050,189 Private 813,531 2,016,423 one-person 266,489 266,489 multi-person non-family 20,041 43,551 one-family 450,262 1,334,985 one-family, extended 38,113 157,276 two- or more-family 36,047 196,846 two- or more-family, extended 2,579 17,276 Institutional 286 32,371 student hostel 43 10,811 old people's home 117 16,913 social welfare or other institution 81 3,918 monastery, convent 45 729 Other 55 1,395 Source: SURS Chart 38: Household size, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 number (10,000) 2016 12 8 - — _ p — m ,-n 1 2 3 | | urban areas I I non-urban areas 5 6+ number of members Households in urban areas have on average 2.3 members Since the 2002 Census the number of households has increased by 128,000 to 813,531, while the average household size has decreased to 2.48 members. Just over a half of households (53.5%), in which 49.4% of the total population lived, were located in urban areas, so the difference between the average household size in urban and non-urban areas was rather large (2.29 vs. 2.69). There were only 470 large households with ten or more members, almost two thirds of them in non-urban areas. A third of households are one-person households In the last decade the number of households increased as a result of population increase and intensive housing construction. The number of one-person households increased the most (from 150,000 to 266,000); one of the reasons is that foreign citizens living in worker dormitories (if not living there with their family members) were counted as one-person households. One-person households in these dormitories were mostly male households; only one in ten was a female household. With higher age female one-person households start to predominate, largely as a result of the death of partner and children moving away. As many as 71% of women aged 65+ who lived alone were widows; only 12% were single. Widowers reach the same share after age 80. The main reason for this discrepancy is the difference in live expectancy of men and women, since women can expect to live six years longer. Chart 39: One-person households, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 number (1,000) 4 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 -men - women © surs Source: SURS Source: SURS Two thirds of people live in one-family households An average person in Slovenia lived in a four-person one-family household (427,000 people or one in five). Three quarters of one-family households (which represented 55% of all households) had two successive generations (parents and children), whereas a quarter had only one generation (married or unmarried couple without children). In addition to family members, there can be other persons in the household (extended household). In every 14th household at least three generations More than a quarter of the total of 38,626 households with two or more families were married couples without children or married couples with children. The most frequently these were households with three generations composed of grandparents and son/ daughter with the spouse and children. Many times (about a quarter) instead of the married couple with children there was a lone parent family living in the same household with parents and their family. In 7% of households there were at least three generations. Because these were usually households with many members, 15% of the total population (almost 300,000 people) lived in them. In Slovenia cohabitation of three generations is the most common in family houses. Only few people (8.6%) in three-generation households were not family members; usually there is a widowed or divorced grandparent. Table 20: Generational structure of households, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Number % Total 813,531 100.0 Two successive generations 359,645 44.2 One-person household 266,489 32.8 First generation only 116,039 14.3 Three successive generations 56,310 6.9 Generation can not be determined 10,221 1.3 First and third generations 3,177 0.4 Four successive generations 1,186 0.1 First, third and fourth generations 441 0.1 First, second and fourth generations 23 0.0 Source: SURS One in four foreign citizens lives in a household with at least one Slovene citizen Almost a quarter of foreign citizens lived in worker dormitories. Due to the characteristics of this group of people (young, unmarried men, high employment rate, mainly construction workers, only temporary residence in Slovenia) almost half of households of foreign citizens are one-person households. In 5.6% of households all members are foreign citizens (61,000 people), while in only 2.2% of households citizens of Slovenia live together with foreign citizens (65,000 people), foreign citizens representing a third of members. Over half of citizens of Germany and Ukraine (most of them women) living in our country live together with Slovene citizens. At least 70% of women who are citizens of Thailand, Dominican Republic, Russian Federation and Republic of Moldova are married or live in a consensual union with a citizen of the Republic of Slovenia. The share of citizens of countries on the area of former Yugoslavia (which represent the majority of foreign citizens in Slovenia) who live in nationally mixed households is much lower; only 20% of citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 18% of citizens of Macedonia and 13% of citizens of Kosovo live in households in which at least one member is a citizen of Slovenia. Chart 40: Population in households with foreign citizens, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 number (100) age - households with Slovene and foreign citizens — households with foreign citizens only ©surs Source: SURS Chart 41: Households by useful floor space of the dwelling per household member and average household size, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 number of households (10,000) 20 number of members n 5 floor space m" | | households — average household size Source: SURS Most of the households live in dwellings with complete basic infrastructure Just over 21,000 households (2.6%) lived in special forms of housing (e.g. worker dormitories, hotels and other tourist accommodations, other residential premises not classified as dwellings). Of the 792,000 households that lived in conventional dwellings, 4.4% with 56,000 members did not have a toilet and/or a bathroom and 1% with 18,500 members did not have water supply. The highest share of such households was recorded in the Pomurska statistical region and the lowest in the Gorenjska statistical region. 60% of households live in one-dwelling buildings A characteristic of Slovenia is cohabitation of several generations in one dwelling with separate households (particularly in multi-storeyed family houses). In most households (70%) all people living in one dwelling are one household. Every fifth household in a one-dwelling house and every 28th household in a multi-dwelling building shared the dwelling with another household. On average, there were 1.31 households per dwelling in one-dwelling buildings and 1.06 households per dwelling in multi-dwelling buildings. Table 21: Dwelling infrastructure of households, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 % Kitchen 98.6 Water supply 99.0 Toilet 96.3 Bathroom 96.3 Toilet and bathroom 95.6 Public sewerage 56.2 Electricity 99.0 Telephone 89.2 Gas 22.2 Central heating 70.2 District heating 13.7 68% of households live in own dwelling Even though as many as 90% of dwellings in Slovenia are private, only about two thirds of households live in own dwelling (at least one of the household members is the dwelling's owner or co-owner). In the European comparison, Slovenia is among the countries with very low shares of rented dwellings, which reflects in the fact that only 9% of households live in dwellings rented either from a natural or a legal person. Therefore, a relatively large 23% of households use the dwelling on another basis. In one-dwelling houses the most frequently the owner and the user are related (very frequently in dwellings with two households in which parents and children with their families live), while in multi-dwelling buildings it is mostly about renting a dwelling from a natural person (without appropriate contract). An important factor in analysing these data is often long procedures of entry of ownership into the land register (also due to unclear situation regarding inheritance). Source: SURS In two out of three households at least one member is employed In only 7.5% of households no members were employed or retired. In half of such households at least one member was unemployed. There were 21,000 households in which all members were unemployed, of which 93% were one-person households. 23% of households were households of only retired people; almost two thirds of them one-person households and just over a third two-person households. In every sixth household at least one member was in education, attending programmes for obtaining upper secondary or tertiary education. Only a quarter of two- or more-person households without children In the census methodology the age of children is not limited. It is important that the child lives in the same household with parents (or one of them) and is not married or living in a consensual union or with own children. The probability of at least one child living in a household increases with the number of household members. In two-person households with children it is 37%, in three-person households with children it is over 95% and in nine- or more-person households it is 100%. Chart 42: Children in households, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 age age -men - women - men per 100 women o SURS Source: SURS Men stay much longer in their primary households The first turning point is at age 27, when the ratio between men and women still living in primary households is for the first time over half. At age 31 twice as many men as women still live with their parents and at age 37 three times as many. Partly the original households are re-established with inclusion of children after divorce or becoming widow(er)s. After age 40, 22% of men and 27% of women are stated as children in the household. Table 22: Households by number of employed and retired people, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Number of employed household members Number of retired household members Total 0 1 2 3+ Total 813,531 447,821 249,136 114,061 2,513 0 286,658 61,366 151,968 71,875 1,449 1 279,996 192,476 59,686 27,147 687 2 197,365 156,279 28,282 12,503 301 3 39,193 29,476 7,513 2,140 64 4+ 10,319 8,224 1,687 396 12 Source: SURS Chart 43: Households with at least one member with tertiary education, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 % 501 40--n— — — — 30 —I -1-|--— — - 20-- ———- - — — — - ... 1---- o 11 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Slovenia 1 2 3 4 5 + number of members I I urban areas I I non-urban areas ©surs Source: SURS - flr Slovenia 1 2 3 4 5 + FAMILIES At the beginning of 2011 there were 567,347 families in Slovenia. If all people lived in families, a family would have on average 3.6 members. But in reality the average family in Slovenia had 2.9 members because only 81% of all residents lived with family members. The data for the last three decades show that the number of families without children and lone-parent families has been growing, while the number of children in families has been falling. Table 23: Families, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Number % Total 567,347 100.0 Married couple without children 125,489 22.1 Married couple with children 237,422 41.8 Mother with children 119,706 21.1 Father with children 23,423 4.1 Unmarried couple without children 12,185 2.1 Unmarried couple with children 49,122 8.7 Married couple with children - the most common type of family The most common type of family in Slovenia is a married couple with children. This is also the only family type the number of which has been falling for three decades. There are many reasons for this: the so-called empty nest syndrome, when adult children leave their original families and create their own, divorce of partners and changes of some traditional patterns in people's life cycles, since marriage is no longer the only reason for two partners to live together. In only 11% of families of married couples without children the woman was over 44 years old and had not given birth. Source: SURS Chart 44: Families by number of children, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 no children 1 child 2 children 3 children 4+ Source: SURS Table 24: Mean age of partners and parents, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Men Women Total 53.7 50.7 Married couple without children 65.3 62.2 Married couple with children 50.5 47.4 Lone-parent family 53.3 50.7 Unmarried couple without children 48.3 45.9 Unmarried couple with children 41.1 38.1 One in four is a lone-parent family In thirty years the share of lone-parent families increased the most and they now represent a quarter of all families and a third of all families with children. Most of the lone-parent families are mothers with children. Most of the mothers in these families (33.3%) were single - never married. Unmarried mothers predominated until age 42, while between the ages of 43 and 60 most were divorced and after the age of 60 widows. Every sixth lone mother and every fourth lone father were formally married, so it can be concluded that the share of lone-parent families is actually lower. Every ninth family is a consensual union Even though in recent years more than half of children have been born to unmarried parents, consensual unions, which are more characteristic of younger people, are not the predominant type of young people living together. It is true that in ten years the number of consensual unions increased more (by 20,000) than the number of other types of families, but still more young people live as married couples. Among all families with children, every ninth was a family of unmarried partners. In a large majority (72%) of consensual unions both partners were single. Among men and women over 60 years of age divorced people predominate. Source: SURS Three out of four families are with children In 76% of families there was at least one child. The average number of children per family with children is small (1.56) because families with many children are very rare and also because in more than half (54%) of families with children only one child was living with parents. Between the last two censuses the number of such families slightly increased (by 1,370), especially on account of a large increase in the number of families with one child (by 25,000) and a decline in the number of families with two children (by 22,000). The largest family in Slovenia had 13 children. A quarter of children contribute to the family budget A quarter of children were employed and most of them lived in lone-parent families -partly due to the census methodology (a child in a family is not determined by age), partly because in Slovenia many children leave their primary families in adult ages. Two thirds of children in families were still in education; in families of unmarried parents almost all (90%), since they usually have the youngest children, while in families of married parents two out of three and in lone-parent families one in two. Chart 46: Families by number of children and type of area, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 100 -, 80 6040. 4 5+ number of children I I urban areas I I non-urban areas Source: SURS Every 25th two-parent family is a reconstituted family Specific events in life (divorce, death of the spouse, breakup of a consensual union) lead to the breakup of the family nucleus. These can for some people be a reason to form a community with a new partner. If such a family has at least one child who is not a common biological child of both partners, these families are labelled reconstituted. There were 11,509 (4.1%) such families in Slovenia and in 86% of them the non-common child was the woman's child. Partners in such families are usually not married, but in two out of three families they have at least one common child. This is also the main reason for the above average number of children in such families (2.03). Chart 45: Families by type of area, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 urban areas non-urban areas J L 0 10 20 30 married couple mother with children Source: SURS 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 % ] father with children unmarried couple 0 SURS Table 25: Children in families, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Average number of children Mean age of children Families with children 1.56 18.6 Married couple with children 1.69 18.6 Mother with children 1.35 21.6 Father with children 1.29 22.1 Unmarried couple with children 1.59 10.3 Source: SURS Table 26: Families, statistical regions, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Unmarried couples (%) Families with 3 or more children (% of all families with children) Slovenia 10.8 8.6 Gorenjska 10.7 11.3 Goriška 7.3 9.3 Jugovzhodna Slovenija 8.4 11.6 Koroška 17.8 7.2 Notranjsko-kraška 8.4 9.3 Obalno-kraška 9.8 5.2 Osrednjeslovenska 10.1 9.7 Podravska 13.4 6.3 Pomurska 9.7 6.6 Savinjska 11.5 8.0 Spodnjeposavska 9.8 9.2 Zasavska 11.1 6.1 More than half of married couples without children are retired In 44% of families both spouses/partners were employed. For married partners without children the share was 13%, while the highest share (67%) was recorded in families of unmarried couples with children. In a quarter of families of married or unmarried couples both partners were retired. Chart 48: Families by activity of spouses/partners, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 70 -i ■ married couple married couple unmarried couple unmarried couple without children with children without children with children Source: SURS Chart 47: Age difference between the oldest and the youngest child in the family, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 number (1,000) years CSURS Source: SURS both employed at least one employed both retired e SURS Source: SURS Spouses/partners come from more than 130 countries In 82% of couple families both spouses/partners had lived in Slovenia since birth. In every 15th family both spouses/partners used to live in the same foreign country after birth. 23,501 women born in Slovenia were living together with a man who immigrated to Slovenia and 18,391 men born in Slovenia found their female partners among women who immigrated to Slovenia. The most frequently partners come from countries with which Slovenia has traditionally strong economic migration flows (Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Germany) and slightly less frequently from neighbouring countries of Italy and Austria. DWELLINGS OCCUPIED DWELLINGS 100 m2 395,000 dwellings 56 m2 275,000 dwellings HOUSING STOCK On 1 January 2011 Slovenia's housing stock had almost 845,000 dwellings. If all of them were occupied, each would have on average 2.4 inhabitants. But because every fifth dwelling was unoccupied, an average occupied dwelling had 3 inhabitants; this is how large an average Slovenian family was. Compared to some other EU Member States, Slovenia is characterised by a high share of privately-owned dwellings (90%); a large majority of these dwellings were purchased according to the so-called »Jazbinšek Act«, which came into force in the early 1990s. At the 1991 Census, which was conducted only six months before the privatisation, 31% of dwellings were socially-owned. Chart 49: Dwellings by number of rooms, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 I | one room I I two rooms I | three rooms I | four rooms I | five or more rooms Source: SURS Table 27: Dwellings by type of building, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Number % Total 844,656 100.0 One-dwelling buildings 452,016 53.5 Two-dwelling buildings 58,984 7.0 Three- or more-dwelling buildings 307,201 36.4 Non-residential and other buildings 26,455 3.1 As regards the type of building houses predominate Dispersed settlement which is characteristic of Slovenia reflects in the structure of the housing fund, since most dwellings are located in individual (predominantly one-dwelling) houses. On 1 January 2011, 61% of all dwellings were located in them. Just over a third of dwellings (36%) were located in three- or more-dwelling buildings, while the fewest dwellings (3%) were located in buildings in which non-residential area was greater than residential area. Most of the dwellings had between 60 m2 and 80 m2 of useful floor space. Dwellings in one-dwelling houses were larger as they measured on average 95.4 m2, while dwellings in three- or more-dwelling buildings were much smaller (55.5 m2). Table 28: Dwellings, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Total Urban areas Non-urban areas Total 844,656 438,189 406,467 Occupied dwellings 670,127 370,928 299,199 Unoccupied dwellings (excluding holiday dwellings) 153,789 62,876 90,913 Holiday dwellings 20,740 4,385 16,355 Average floor space of a dwelling (m2) 79.6 70.7 89.3 Average floor space of an occupied dwelling per person (m2) 27.4 27.1 27.6 Average number of people per occupied dwelling 3.0 2.6 3.4 Source: SURS Source: SURS Nine out of ten dwellings have basic infrastructure The quality of dwellings in terms of equipment with basic installations is improving not only due to new construction but also due to renovation. A large majority of dwellings (91%) thus had all basic installations, i.e. bathroom, toilet, electricity and water. Around 48,000 of dwellings did not have bathrooms and interior toilets, mostly in buildings that are around 100 years old. 40% of these dwellings were unoccupied. Chart 50: Type of heating in dwellings, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 % central district Source: SURS ] other no heating Chart 51: Population by ownership of the dwelling, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 population (1,000) 35 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 age ] others □□ owners @SURS Table 29: Dwellings by period of construction, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Number % Total 844,656 100.0 Before 1919 121,955 14.4 1919-1945 57,973 6.9 1946-1960 80,827 9.6 1961-1970 122,353 14.5 1971-1980 176,521 20.8 1981-1990 146,825 17.4 1991-2000 64,743 7.7 2001-2005 31,500 3.7 2006+ 41,959 5.0 Source: SURS Chart 52: Size of dwellings, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 number (1,000) I I three- or more-dwelling buildings I I one- or two-dwelling buildings Source: SURS Source: SURS OCCUPIED DWELLINGS While in recent decades the total number of dwellings has been constantly increasing (in 1971 477,000), the share of occupied dwellings has been decreasing, so that their share declined from 96% to only 80%. 61% of occupied dwellings with the average floor space of just over 100 m2 were located in one-dwelling houses, which were the home of 66% of the population. Occupied dwellings in three- or more-dwelling buildings were on average 44 m2 smaller. Chart 53: Occupied dwellings by number of rooms, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 20% I I one room I | two rooms I | three rooms I | four rooms | | five or more rooms Source: SURS Table 30: Occupied dwellings by ownership, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Number % Total 670,127 100.0 Private property of natural persons 615,606 91.9 Owned by the public sector 37,595 5.6 Other or unknown 16,926 2.5 Four out of five occupied dwellings are owner-occupied 78% of occupied dwellings were owner-occupied, i.e. at least the household member who owns the dwelling was living in it. 81% of the population was living in such dwellings. 13% of occupied dwellings can be labelled user households, i.e. none of the occupants own them but the dwelling is not rented. Such dwellings are most often owned by relatives (parents) of the people living in them. 9% of the population was living in such dwellings. In 9% of rented dwellings 7% of the population was living and the remaining 3% of people did not live in conventional dwellings but in other forms of residence (e.g. old people's homes, working dormitories, student residence, monasteries). Chart 54: Occupied dwellings, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 0 20 40 one-dwelling buildings two-dwelling buildings three-or more-dwelling buildings non-residential and other buildings Source: SURS 60 80 100 % Source: SURS Rented dwellings are on average smaller than privately-owned Rented dwellings can be non-profit, market, company-rented or dedicatedly rented dwellings (e.g. for retired people). Most of the rented dwellings are non-profit (70%), in which 5% of the population was living. The average floor space of such dwellings was 55 m2. On average, 2.4 people were living in a rented dwelling. Chart 55: People in market rented dwellings, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 population (1,000) 3,5 3,0 2,5 2,0 1,5 1,0 0,5 0,0 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85-89 90+ age SSURS Source: SURS Less useful floor area per person than in OECD countries On average, three people were living in a dwelling in one or more households (the average was 1.2 households per occupied dwelling). The average useful floor space per person was 27.4 m2 or 1.1 rooms. If kitchens are counted as rooms, the average was 1.4 rooms per person; the average for OECD countries was 1.6 rooms per person. Slightly fewer than 8,000 households were using two or more dwellings at the same address. These dwellings are usually located in two-dwelling houses. Chart 56: Ownership of occupied dwellings Slovenia, 1 January 2011 I I owner occupied I I rented I I users Source: SURS Table 31: Rented dwellings, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 number Dwellings People Total Non-profit Market Company Dedicated Source: SURS 62,152 148,432 43,438 104,354 12,378 29,038 4,405 10,895 1,931 4,145 Table 32: Occupied dwellings without toilet and bathroom, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Number % Slovenia 20,052 3.0 Urban areas 5,002 1.3 Non-urban areas 15,050 5.0 Source: SURS Table 33: Occupied dwellings without water supply, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Number % Slovenia 6,833 1.0 Urban areas 364 0.1 Non-urban areas 6,469 2.2 Source: SURS Table 34: Occupied dwellings without electricity, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Number % Slovenia 5,934 0.9 Urban areas 773 0.2 Non-urban areas 5,161 1.7 Source: SURS Table 35: Occupied dwellings without central or district heating, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Number % Slovenia 108,157 16.1 Urban areas 45,392 12.2 Non-urban areas 62,765 21.0 Source: SURS Average useful floor space per person is growing with the person's age The average useful floor space per person in a dwelling in multi-dwelling buildings was greater than in one-dwelling buildings for people over 65 years of age. The main reason was the size of the household, since in multi-dwelling buildings old one-person households are more frequent because the children have moved out. When children create their own families they usually move from the dwellings they shared with their parents. These dwellings were on average smaller than in family houses where cohabitation of two or three generations was more frequent (one household usually lives on the ground floor and the other in the first floor of the family house). Chart 57: Average useful floor space per person, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 m2 per person 40 -i do 24 25-34 35-64 65-79 one-dwelling buildings multi-dwelling buildings Source: SURS 80+ age of persons In 104,000 dwellings (15%) more than one household was living, the most frequently two. Most of these dwellings (84%) were located in one-dwelling houses. In each of these dwellings on average five people were living; each of them had 20.9 m2 of useful floor space. If we take into account only people who live alone in the household and were 65+ years old, their dwellings in houses measured on average 77 m2 and in three-or more-dwelling buildings 51 m2. UNOCCUPIED DWELLINGS On 1 January 2011 every fifth dwelling in Slovenia was unoccupied (empty); this includes holiday dwellings. Of the 175,000 unoccupied dwellings, 38% were constructed before 1945 or they had incomplete infrastructure, i.e. they were without one or more elements of basic infrastructure (toilet, bathroom, electricity, water). 12% of them were used for holiday purposes. Of the remaining half of unoccupied dwellings, 22% were located in multi-dwelling buildings and 28% were located in one- or two-dwelling houses. Unoccupied dwellings smaller than occupied Unoccupied dwellings were on average smaller than occupied dwellings; the average size of those located in one-dwelling buildings was 80.1m2 and the average size of those located in three- or more-dwelling buildings was 51.6 m2. Many unoccupied dwellings are located in old houses that are smaller than the ones being built today. Table 36: Unoccupied dwellings, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 number Type of building Slovenia Urban areas Non-urban areas Total 174,529 67,261 107,268 One- or two-dwelling buildings 116,207 21,675 94,532 Multi-dwelling and other buildings 58,322 45,586 12,736 Source: SURS Most unoccupied dwellings in the Osrednjeslovenska statistical region Most unoccupied dwellings were located in the Osrednjeslovenska statistical region, namely in Ljubljana (22,278). This represented 18% of all dwellings in Ljubljana. According to the share of unoccupied dwellings, at the top were Obalno-kraška and Spodnjeposavska, which were also among the regions with the highest share of dwellings for seasonal use. Fewer holiday dwellings than ten years ago At the 2002 Census there were almost 32,000 dwellings for leisure and recreation in Slovenia. Because by 2011 their number dropped by almost a third, we assume that many of them (around 4,000) became conventional dwellings, which became the residence of their owners after they retired. Some dwellings that used to be holiday dwellings at the 2002 Census are now classified as vineyard cottages, which are not residential buildings. This change was the most pronounced in Pomurska and Jugovzhodna Slovenija statistical regions. The highest share of dwellings for seasonal use was recorded in Gorenjska in municipality Bohinj, where more than a quarter of all dwellings were intended for holiday (seasonal) use. Among municipalities with high shares of holiday homes were also Kranjska Gora, Bovec and Kostel. Chart 58: Unoccupied dwellings by number of rooms, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 13% 12% I | one room I | two rooms I I three rooms I | four rooms I | five or more rooms Source: SURS Table 37: Holiday dwellings, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 number Number of rooms Total One- or two-dwelling buildings Multi-dwelling buildings Total 20,740 16,562 4,178 1 room 7,373 5,120 2,253 2 rooms 6,812 5,510 1,302 3 rooms 4,075 3,581 494 4 or more rooms 2,480 2,351 129 Source: SURS Table 38: Unoccupied dwellings by period of construction, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 number Total One- or two-dwelling buildings Multi-dwelling buildings Total 174,529 116,207 58,322 before 1946 46,916 34,328 12,588 1946-2006 108,750 74,555 34,195 2006+ 18,863 7,324 11,539 Source: SURS One in ten dwellings constructed after 2005 is still empty Almost 19,000 empty dwellings (11%) were built after 2005, most of them (12,000) in multi-dwelling buildings. Most of these dwellings have recently been constructed in Ljubljana, almost 3,900. In municipality Maribor 1,200 new dwellings were unoccupied. Larger numbers of new empty dwellings are located in municipalities Dol pri Ljubljani, Škofljica and Komenda, i.e. in the area of modern suburbanisation where young families from urban centres move due to lower housing prices. Around 9,000 empty dwellings built after 2005 were still owned by legal persons. These are mostly dwellings which were built in the period of economic upturn and remained unsold due to the general economic crisis. Chart 59: Occupancy of new dwellings in multi-dwelling buildings by year of construction, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Table 39: Equipment in unoccupied dwellings, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 number Without bathroom and indoor toilet 28,190 Without bathroom but with indoor toilet 6,825 Without indoor toiled but with bathroom 1,737 Without kitchen 10,381 number (1,000) 7 2006 2007 2008 occupied unoccupied 2009 2010 Source: SURS Source: SURS REVIEW BY STATISTICAL REGIONS POMURSKA STATISTICAL REGION Among the twelve statistical regions in Slovenia Pomurska stood out the most in terms of the selected indicators. The highest share of widow(er)s (every tenth person) on 1 January 2011 was the result of the shortest life expectancy among all regions. Due to the way of life and type of living quarters - one-dwelling buildings with on average the largest dwellings (85.7 m2) predominate - the region had the highest share of three-generation households (every tenth). The fewest people lived alone. Mothers were on average younger than in other regions; however, the share of large families (with three or more children) was lower than the national average. Because the region is less developed - it has the lowest GDP per capita -, this is a region of emigration. Because most of the emigrants are better educated people, the region had the lowest share of persons with tertiary education. Due to the high unemployment rate, the region had the worst ratio between employed and inactive population (100 employed support 163 unemployed, children, people in education, retired or other inactive persons). People from this region traditionally find employment abroad, which is the consequence of the region's location at the border with Austria and formerly bad traffic connections with the rest of the country. Table 40: Selected indicators for the Pomurska statistical region, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Indicator Region Rank" Slovenia Population Number 119,145 7 2,050,189 Foreign citizens (%) 0.9 12 4.0 Women aged 85+ per 100 men of the same age 362 2 330 People aged 30-39 living with parent(s) (%) 27.7 2 23.9 Fertility Average number of live-births per woman 1.60 4 1.51 Women aged 15-24 who have given birth (%) 7.4 1 5.4 Women who have given birth to 4 or more children 7.7 3 6.0 (% of women who have given birth) Women aged 40+ who have not (yet) given birth (%) 7.9 4 8.2 Education People aged 19-24 with basic education (%) 16.7 7 14.5 People aged 30-34 with tertiary education (%) 24.1 12 31.7 Masters and doctors of science per 1,000 population with tertiary education 46 9 72 Women with tertiary education per 100 men with tertiary education 129 10 133 Men masters or doctors of science per 100 women masters or doctors of science 132 4 124 Activity status Unemployed and inactive per employed 1.63 1 1.45 Activity rate for foreign citizens (%) 46.3 12 67.9 Working abroad (%) 3.2 1 0.9 Unemployment rate for women (%) 20.0 1 12.0 Retired persons (%) 28.6 8 28.5 Migration Living in the same settlement since birth (%) 43.8 2 39.9 Foreign-born population per 1,000 population 52 12 111 Foreign-born in countries on the area of former Yugoslavia (% of total foreign-born population) 59.2 12 86.7 Last migration, immigrated from another region in Slovenia per 1,000 population 117 10 139 Last migration, immigrated from another region in Slovenia aged 20+ with tertiary education (%) 22.1 10 27.2 POMURSKA STATISTICAL REGION Indicator Region Rank" Slovenia Households Number 45,255 8 813,531 Average size (number of members) 2.60 3 2.48 One-person households (%) 27.9 12 32.8 Households with six or more members (%) 3.8 3 3.2 Three-generation households (%) 10.0 1 7.1 Households with at least one member with tertiary education (%) 21.5 12 28.4 Retired households (%) 21.8 12 22.9 Households with citizens of Slovenia and foreign citizens (%) 1.2 11 2.2 Immigrant households (%) 14.6 11 26.3 Tenant households (%) 5.1 12 9.4 Households without a bathroom (%) 6.2 2 3.7 Families Number 34,482 6 567,347 Consensual unions (%) 9.7 9 10.8 Families with three or more children (% of familes with children) 6.6 9 8.6 Both spouses/partners have tertiary education (%) 6.4 12 10.8 Both spouses/partners are unemployed (%) 2.5 1 0.9 Reconstituted families (%) 3.7 9 4.1 Dwellings Number 48,268 8 844,656 Dwellings per 1,000 population 405 8 412 Dwellings built in the 2006-2010 period (%) 2.4 11 5.0 Holiday dwellings (% of all unoccupied dwellings) 9.7 9 11.9 Occupied dwellings Number 37,365 8 670,127 Average number of persons per dwelling 3.1 3 3.0 Average useful floor space per person (m2) 28.2 3 27.4 Occupied dwellings with incomplete infrastructure (%) 8.5 1 5.0 Occupied dwellings with less than 10 m2 of useful floor space per person (%) 2.9 10 3.5 The economic crisis further worsened the employment situation, so that 3.2% of employed worked abroad, mostly (85%) in Austria. Because the region has never been attractive in terms of employment, this reflects in the lowest share of people born abroad. Only every 20th person came to live in the region from abroad; most of them from Croatia, followed by Germany and Austria; from these two countries mostly family members of economic migrants from the 1960s and the 1970s who were born abroad moved to Pomurska. The region had the highest share of occupied dwellings with incomplete infrastructure. These are dwellings which are without at least one of the following elements of basic infrastructure: toilet, bathroom, electricity, water. Most of such dwellings were located in municipalities Hodoš, Gornji Petrovci and Šalovci. Chart 60: Farmers, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 % of employed 25 20 15 10 5 0 I I JZ ZL 1) The rank is determined on the basis of classification from the highest to the lowest value. Source: SURS Slovenia Pomurska Murska Hodoš/Hodos11 Sobota1) OSURS 1) Municipalities with the lowest and highest shares in the Pomurska statistical region. Source: SURS PODRAVSKA STATISTICAL REGION On 1 January 2011 a characteristic of Podravska was its low employment rate (in addition to Pomurska and Zasavska); on the other hand, the unemployment rate was among the highest in the country. But because employment of older people was among the highest in the country (one in four persons aged 55-64 was still employed), this shows a relatively bad position of young people as regards their entry into the labour market. At age 25-29, 65% of the population were employed, which was 10 percentage points less than in the Notranjsko-kraška region. The unemployment rate of young people aged 25-29 (22.4%) was 11.5 percentage points higher than in the Gorenjska region, in which the situation was the best. After Slovenia won independence, this formerly much industrialised region experienced extensive restructuring, so that on 1 January 2011 the share of persons employed in manufacturing was the same as the national average. As regards the share of persons employed in services (62%), Podravska lags only behind Osrednjeslovenska (73.5%), but the share was still lower than the national average (63%). Due to its natural features (fertile flatland, wooded and wine-rich areas), Podravska had the highest number of persons employed in agriculture (4,600), which is 20% of all persons employed in agriculture in Slovenia. The region also had the highest number of agricultural holdings in Slovenia. Table 41: Selected indicators for the Podravska statistical region, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Indicator Region Rank" Slovenia Population Number 323,119 2 2,050,189 Foreign citizens (%) 2.8 10 4.0 Women aged 85+ per 100 men of the same age 356 3 330 People aged 30-39 living with parent(s) (%) 23.4 8 23.9 Fertility Average number of live-births per woman 1.48 10 1.51 Women aged 15-24 who have given birth (%) 5.5 9 5.4 Women who have given birth to 4 or more children 6.2 7 6.0 (% of women who have given birth) Women aged 40+ who have not (yet) given birth (%) 7.9 3 8.2 Education People aged 19-24 with basic education (%) 13.3 11 14.5 People aged 30-34 with tertiary education (%) 28.4 8 31.7 Masters and doctors of science per 1,000 population with tertiary education 63 3 72 Women with tertiary education per 100 men with tertiary education 134 7 133 Men masters or doctors of science per 100 women masters or doctors of science 136 2 124 Activity status Unemployed and inactive per employed 1.53 3 1.45 Activity rate for foreign citizens (%) 68.7 4 67.9 Working abroad (%) 1.8 3 0.9 Unemployment rate for women (%) 15.1 3 12.0 Retired persons (%) 28.0 10 28.5 Migration Living in the same settlement since birth (%) 39.7 6 39.9 Foreign-born population per 1,000 population 85 10 111 Foreign-born in countries on the area of former Yugoslavia (% of total foreign-born population) 78.3 11 86.7 Last migration, immigrated from another region in Slovenia per 1,000 population 104 12 139 Last migration, immigrated from another region in Slovenia aged 20+ with tertiary education (%) 23.2 9 27.2 PODRAVSKA STATISTICAL REGION Indicator Region Rank" Slovenia Households Number 133,305 2 813,531 Average size (number of members) 2.38 10 2.48 One-person households (%) 33.9 3 32.8 Households with six or more members (%) 2.6 10 3.2 Three-generation households (%) 7.1 6 7.1 Households with at least one member with tertiary education (%) 25.2 7 28.4 Retired households (%) 22.6 7 22.9 Households with citizens of Slovenia and foreign citizens (%) 1.6 10 2.2 Immigrant households (%) 21.4 9 26.3 Tenant households (%) 9.4 5 9.4 Households without a bathroom (%) 4.6 4 3.7 Families Number 90,925 2 567,347 Consensual unions (%) 13.4 2 10.8 Families with three or more children (% of familes with children) 6.3 10 8.6 Both spouses/partners have tertiary education (%) 9.4 5 10.8 Both spouses/partners are unemployed (%) 1.0 4 0.9 Reconstituted families (%) 5.4 1 4.1 Dwellings Number 135,995 2 844,656 Dwellings per 1,000 population 421 5 412 Dwellings built in the 2006-2010 period (%) 5.3 3 5.0 Holiday dwellings (% of all unoccupied dwellings) 8.4 11 11.9 Occupied dwellings Number 108,839 2 670,127 Average number of persons per dwelling 2.9 10 3.0 Average useful floor space per person (m2) 27.5 6 27.4 Occupied dwellings with incomplete infrastructure (%) 5.8 4 5.0 Occupied dwellings with less than 10 m2 of useful floor space per person (%) 3.2 8 3.5 In addition to Osrednjeslovenska, Podravska experienced the lowest emigration to other regions. Only 11% of Slovenia's population with first residence in Podravska now live elsewhere in Slovenia. Podravska is characterised by a low fertility rate. On average women had fewer children only in Osrednjeslovenska and Obalno-kraška regions. Of the 12 regions in Slovenia, Podravska stands out the most in terms of the share of reconstituted families (5.4%). These are families of both parents (spouses or partners) and at least one child who is not their common biological child. Reconstituted families are the most characteristic of consensual unions, which in this region represent 13% of all families (second behind Koroška with 18%). Chart 61: Occupied dwellings in one-dwelling buildings, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 10080604020 Slovenia Podravska Maribor" Žetale" 1) Municipalities with the lowest and highest shares in the Podravska statistical region. Source: SURS 1) The rank is determined on the basis of classification from the highest to the lowest value. Source: SURS KOROŠKA STATISTICAL REGION As regards the mean age, people living in the Koroška statistical region were among the youngest in the country. On 1 January 2011 the share of population aged 80+ was the lowest in the country, which shows shorter life expectancy that could be the result of environmental degradation in the region. Despite Koroška being one of the most industrialised regions in Slovenia and despite the fact that in some of the activities in the past mostly immigrant workers from former Yugoslav republics used to be employed, the region had the second lowest share of the population born abroad. Some of the reasons could be the type of settlement (large mountain farms), relief (narrow valleys), proximity of the border (which used to be very tight) and a high fertility rate, so that the industry was able to employ domestic surplus of the labour force. Almost 40% of the population still lived in the settlement of first residence. In addition to a high fertility rate, the second characteristic of this region was consensual unions, which are already traditional for this formerly completely rural region. By far the highest share of such families (17.8%) -2.5-times the national average - shows in the population structure by marital status since two out of three women aged 24+ who had already given birth were single (i.e. never married). On average, a woman has given birth to 1.69 children; every 12th woman (the second highest share) had at least four children and only every 18th woman aged 40+ has not yet given birth. The region had a very high share of households in which all members were less than 35 years old. More than half of families with children had at least one child who has not yet completed 18 years of age. Table 42: Selected indicators for the Koroška statistical region, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Indicator Region Rank" Slovenia Population Number 72,494 9 2,050,189 Foreign citizens (%) 2.1 11 4.0 Women aged 85+ per 100 men of the same age 330 7 330 People aged 30-39 living with parent(s) (%) 18.8 12 23.9 Fertility Average number of live-births per woman 1.69 1 1.51 Women aged 15-24 who have given birth (%) 6.5 4 5.4 Women who have given birth to 4 or more children 8.2 2 6.0 (% of women who have given birth) Women aged 40+ who have not (yet) given birth (%) 5.5 12 8.2 Education People aged 19-24 with basic education (%) 16.8 6 14.5 People aged 30-34 with tertiary education (%) 26.9 10 31.7 Masters and doctors of science per 1,000 population with tertiary education 43 10 72 Women with tertiary education per 100 men with tertiary education 144 1 133 Men masters or doctors of science per 100 women masters or doctors of science 109 9 124 Activity status Unemployed and inactive per employed 1.53 4 1.45 Activity rate for foreign citizens (%) 67.8 8 67.9 Working abroad (%) 1.5 5 0.9 Unemployment rate for women (%) 17.6 2 12.0 Retired persons (%) 29.0 5 28.5 Migration Living in the same settlement since birth (%) 38.0 11 39.9 Foreign-born population per 1,000 population 54 11 111 Foreign-born in countries on the area of former Yugoslavia (% of total foreign-born population) 84.7 8 86.7 Last migration, immigrated from another region in Slovenia per 1,000 population 120 8 139 Last migration, immigrated from another region in Slovenia aged 20+ with tertiary education (%) 23.2 8 27.2 KOROŠKA STATISTICAL REGION Indicator Region Rank" Slovenia Households Number 30,327 9 813,531 Average size (number of members) 2.36 11 2.48 One-person households (%) 32.4 7 32.8 Households with six or more members (%) 2.0 11 3.2 Three-generation households (%) 4.4 12 7.1 Households with at least one member with tertiary education (%) 22.4 10 28.4 Retired households (%) 23.5 5 22.9 Households with citizens of Slovenia and foreign citizens (%) 1.0 12 2.2 Immigrant households (%) 13.8 12 26.3 Tenant households (%) 15.3 2 9.4 Households without a bathroom (%) 3.3 9 3.7 Families Number 20,867 9 567,347 Consensual unions (%) 17.8 1 10.8 Families with three or more children (% of familes with children) 7.2 8 8.6 Both spouses/partners have tertiary education (%) 7.3 9 10.8 Both spouses/partners are unemployed (%) 0.8 6 0.9 Reconstituted families (%) 5.1 2 4.1 Dwellings Number 26,682 10 844,656 Dwellings per 1,000 population 368 12 412 Dwellings built in the 2006-2010 period (%) 3.1 9 5.0 Holiday dwellings (% of all unoccupied dwellings) 15.5 4 11.9 Occupied dwellings Number 22,585 9 670,127 Average number of persons per dwelling 3.2 2 3.0 Average useful floor space per person (m2) 27.2 7 27.4 Occupied dwellings with incomplete infrastructure (%) 3.9 10 5.0 Occupied dwellings with less than 10 m2 of useful floor space per person (%) 2.9 9 3.5 Chart 62: Unmarried partners, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Slovenia Koroška Mislinja11 Mežica11 1) Municipalities with the lowest and highest shares in the Koroška statistical region. Source: SURS The region stood out by having the lowest number of dwellings per 1,000 population (368). As a result, the region had the highest average number of persons per dwelling (3.2, i.e. the same as in Jugovzhodna Slovenija). However, the dwellings were very large (85.1 m2), since as regards this indicator the region is just behind Pomurska. 1) The rank is determined on the basis of classification from the highest to the lowest value. Source: SURS SAVINJSKA STATISTICAL REGION Differences between the most and the least densely populated municipalities in the Savinjska statistical region are huge and a result of the region's diverse national-geographic structure. On 1 January 2011 municipality Celje was the most densely populated with 512 people per km2. The least densely populated was municipality Solčava with only 5 people per km2. Other municipalities of the Upper Savinja Valley that border Solčava were also very sparsely populated. Due to large differences in development between individual areas, many indicators for the entire region were close to the national average. However, within the region some areas stand out distinctly. For example, the share of the population with first residence abroad was 10% (despite this being the border region with Croatia the share is below the national average); in municipality Gornji Grad it was below 2% and in municipality Velenje 21%. Chart 63: Immigrants from other statistical regions, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 30 20 10 Slovenia Savinjska Vojnik1' Radeče1) 1) Municipalities with the lowest and highest shares in the Savinjska statistical region. Source: SURS Table 43: Selected indicators for the Savinjska statistical region, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Indicator Region Rank" Slovenia Population Number 259,726 3 2,050,189 Foreign citizens (%) 3.8 6 4.0 Women aged 85+ per 100 men of the same age 343 5 330 People aged 30-39 living with parent(s) (%) 23.3 9 23.9 Fertility Average number of live-births per woman 1.55 8 1.51 Women aged 15-24 who have given birth (%) 6.1 6 5.4 Women who have given birth to 4 or more children 6.1 8 6.0 (% of women who have given birth) Women aged 40+ who have not (yet) given birth (%) 7.2 10 8.2 Education People aged 19-24 with basic education (%) 17.0 5 14.5 People aged 30-34 with tertiary education (%) 29.3 7 31.7 Masters and doctors of science per 1,000 population with tertiary education 50 6 72 Women with tertiary education per 100 men with tertiary education 142 2 133 Men masters or doctors of science per 100 women masters or doctors of science 123 7 124 Activity status Unemployed and inactive per employed 1.47 6 1.45 Activity rate for foreign citizens (%) 66.0 9 67.9 Working abroad (%) 0.4 6 0.9 Unemployment rate for women (%) 13.6 5 12.0 Retired persons (%) 28.5 9 28.5 Migration Living in the same settlement since birth (%) 38.2 10 39.9 Foreign-born population per 1,000 population 101 7 111 Foreign-born in countries on the area of former Yugoslavia (% of total foreign-born population) 89.1 5 86.7 Last migration, immigrated from another region in Slovenia per 1,000 population 118 9 139 Last migration, immigrated from another region in Slovenia aged 20+ with tertiary education (%) 25.1 6 27.2 SAVINJSKA STATISTICAL REGION In addition to Zasavska, with its rich lignite deposits, Savinjska is the mining centre of Slovenia. Almost half of employed working in mining live here. Above-average employment compared to Slovenia was recorded in industry and in electricity production, which is directly related to coal mining. In this region the share of employed who work outside the municipality in which they live (38%) is among the highest in Slovenia because most jobs were still in the centres of former communes (Celje, Velenje, Žalec), while in this area a large number of new municipalities was established after 1995. The opening of the motorway between Savinjska and Osrednjeslovenska increased daily migration of the labour force between these two regions. In 2000 we could say that the employment attraction of Ljubljana stops at the Trojane pass, while in early 2011 8% of employed from Savinjska worked in Osrednjeslovenska (82% of them in Ljubljana). Because the mean age of the population in one-person households was among the lowest in the country (54 years), the region is characterised by the lowest share of old households in which all members are over 70 years of age. A quarter of men living alone are foreign citizens (90% of them were employed). Indicator Region Rank" Slovenia Households Number 105,615 3 813,531 Average size (number of members) 2.43 8 2.48 One-person households (%) 33.1 4 32.8 Households with six or more members (%) 2.7 9 3.2 Three-generation households (%) 6.3 9 7.1 Households with at least one member with tertiary education (%) 24.2 8 28.4 Retired households (%) 22.4 9 22.9 Households with citizens of Slovenia and foreign citizens (%) 1.7 9 2.2 Immigrant households (%) 23.4 8 26.3 Tenant households (%) 11.5 3 9.4 Households without a bathroom (%) 3.9 6 3.7 Families Number 72,923 3 567,347 Consensual unions (%) 11.5 3 10.8 Families with three or more children (% of familes with children) 8.0 7 8.6 Both spouses/partners have tertiary education (%) 8.3 8 10.8 Both spouses/partners are unemployed (%) 0.9 5 0.9 Reconstituted families (%) 4.4 3 4.1 Dwellings Number 103,340 3 844,656 Dwellings per 1,000 population 398 10 412 Dwellings built in the 2006-2010 period (%) 4.0 7 5.0 Holiday dwellings (% of all unoccupied dwellings) 10.6 8 11.9 Occupied dwellings Number 82,981 3 670,127 Average number of persons per dwelling 3.1 6 3.0 Average useful floor space per person (m2) 26.1 11 27.4 Occupied dwellings with incomplete infrastructure (%) 5.3 6 5.0 Occupied dwellings with less than 10 m2 of useful floor space per person (%) 4.0 2 3.5 1) The rank is determined on the basis of classification from the highest to the lowest value. Source: SURS ZASAVSKA STATISTICAL REGION As regards both the population and area, on 1 January 2011 Zasavska was the smallest of the 12 regions in Slovenia. Only 2.2% of total Slovenia's population lived in it; however, population density was the second highest with around 168 people per square kilometre. The population of this region was on average the oldest (43.0 years). The ratio between the elderly and children was also the least favourable; the ageing index was 139. One in three people over 14 years of age was retired, which was the highest share in the country. On the other hand, the share of students was among the lowest. The share of people with tertiary education was the second lowest (13.5%), which was partly the result of meagre opportunities for highly educated in the formerly mining-dependent region; the share of tertiary-educated immigrants from other regions was the lowest among all regions. In no region was mining more important than in this one; 2.3% of employed (an eighth of all persons employed in mining in Slovenia) worked in this activity. Many of them immigrated to Slovenia; every eighth person living in Zasavska had been born abroad. As many as 93% of them had been born in one of the countries on the area of former Yugoslavia, which was the highest share of all regions. Table 44: Selected indicators for the Zasavska statistical region, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Indicator Region Rank" Slovenia Population Number 44,222 12 2,050,189 Foreign citizens (%) 3.3 9 4.0 Women aged 85+ per 100 men of the same age 347 4 330 People aged 30-39 living with parent(s) (%) 22.0 11 23.9 Fertility Average number of live-births per woman 1.49 9 1.51 Women aged 15-24 who have given birth (%) 6.4 5 5.4 Women who have given birth to 4 or more children 4.3 11 6.0 (% of women who have given birth) Women aged 40+ who have not (yet) given birth (%) 5.8 11 8.2 Education People aged 19-24 with basic education (%) 19.5 1 14.5 People aged 30-34 with tertiary education (%) 26.6 11 31.7 Masters and doctors of science per 1,000 population with tertiary education 43 11 72 Women with tertiary education per 100 men with tertiary education 135 5 133 Men masters or doctors of science per 100 women masters or doctors of science 102 12 124 Activity status Unemployed and inactive per employed 1.56 2 1.45 Activity rate for foreign citizens (%) 58.5 11 67.9 Working abroad (%) 0.3 9 0.9 Unemployment rate for women (%) 12.2 6 12.0 Retired persons (%) 32.9 1 28.5 Migration Living in the same settlement since birth (%) 45.5 1 39.9 Foreign-born population per 1,000 population 119 4 111 Foreign-born in countries on the area of former Yugoslavia (% of total foreign-born population) 93.3 1 86.7 Last migration, immigrated from another region in Slovenia per 1,000 population 163 4 139 Last migration, immigrated from another region in Slovenia aged 20+ with tertiary education (%) 15.2 12 27.2 ZASAVSKA STATISTICAL REGION Indicator Region Rank" Slovenia Households Number 18,698 12 813,531 Average size (number of members) 2.34 12 2.48 One-person households (%) 32.8 5 32.8 Households with six or more members (%) 1.7 12 3.2 Three-generation households (%) 4.7 11 7.1 Households with at least one member with tertiary education (%) 21.9 11 28.4 Retired households (%) 27.9 1 22.9 Households with citizens of Slovenia and foreign citizens (%) 2.6 4 2.2 Immigrant households (%) 25.4 5 26.3 Tenant households (%) 24.4 1 9.4 Households without a bathroom (%) 3.4 7 3.7 Families Number 12,811 12 567,347 Consensual unions (%) 11.1 4 10.8 Families with three or more children (% of familes with children) 6.1 11 8.6 Both spouses/partners have tertiary education (%) 7.0 11 10.8 Both spouses/partners are unemployed (%) 0.8 7 0.9 Reconstituted families (%) 4.1 5 4.1 Dwellings Number 17,974 12 844,656 Dwellings per 1,000 population 406 7 412 Dwellings built in the 2006-2010 period (%) 1.7 12 5.0 Holiday dwellings (% of all unoccupied dwellings) 13.5 6 11.9 Occupied dwellings Number 15,822 12 670,127 Average number of persons per dwelling 2.7 11 3.0 Average useful floor space per person (m2) 25.5 12 27.4 Occupied dwellings with incomplete infrastructure (%) 4.3 9 5.0 Occupied dwellings with less than 10 m2 of useful floor space per person (%) 3.7 5 3.5 Households in Zasavska were on average the smallest: 2.3 members. The share of retired households was the highest in the country (almost 28%). Zasavska was first in terms of the share of rented dwellings (27%). The national average was only 9%. This was partly related to the fact that this region had the highest share of dwellings (60%) in three- or more-dwelling buildings. Because most of the dwellings were located in multi-dwelling buildings, the region had the lowest share of dwellings with three or more rooms. After 2005 almost no new dwellings have been built in this region. Chart 64: Rented dwellings, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 10 Slovenia Zasavska Zagorje ob Hrastnik" Savi1' O SURS 1) Municipalities with the lowest and highest shares in the Zasavska statistical region. Source: SURS 1) The rank is determined on the basis of classification from the highest to the lowest value. Source: SURS SPODNJEPOSAVSKA STATISTICAL REGION On 1 January 2011 Spodnjeposavska was among the smallest regions in terms of the population; it had only slightly more than 3% of Slovenia's population. About 30% of the population lived in urban areas, which is the second lowest share in the country. The mean age of the region's population (42.2 years) was only slightly higher than the country's average as was the ageing index (123). Slightly more men than women were living in the region, which was exactly the opposite from Slovenia as a whole. In addition to Zasavska and Notranjsko-kraška, Spodnjeposavska experienced the greatest emigration to other regions. At the beginning of 2011 just over 23% of the population with first residence in this region lived somewhere else in Slovenia. Even though due to its location at the border one would perhaps expect a high share of people working abroad, this phenomenon was rather small. Only 0.3% of employed worked abroad; the share was lower only in Jugovzhodna Slovenija. There were many unemployed in the region, especially among the elderly. At age 55+ more than 29% of the active population were unemployed, the highest share among the regions. As regards the share of households in which both spouses/partners were unemployed, the region was at the very top in the country. Table 45: Selected indicators for the Spodnjeposavska statistical region, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Indicator Region Rank" Slovenia Population Number 70,167 10 2,050,189 Foreign citizens (%) 4.2 5 4.0 Women aged 85+ per 100 men of the same age 323 8 330 People aged 30-39 living with parent(s) (%) 24.2 6 23.9 Fertility Average number of live-births per woman 1.60 3 1.51 Women aged 15-24 who have given birth (%) 6.8 3 5.4 Women who have given birth to 4 or more children 6.7 4 6.0 (% of women who have given birth) Women aged 40+ who have not (yet) given birth (%) 7.5 8 8.2 Education People aged 19-24 with basic education (%) 16.5 8 14.5 People aged 30-34 with tertiary education (%) 27.2 9 31.7 Masters and doctors of science per 1,000 population with tertiary education 34 12 72 Women with tertiary education per 100 men with tertiary education 138 3 133 Men masters or doctors of science per 100 women masters or doctors of science 126 6 124 Activity status Unemployed and inactive per employed 1.52 5 1.45 Activity rate for foreign citizens (%) 68.6 5 67.9 Working abroad (%) 0.3 11 0.9 Unemployment rate for women (%) 14.3 4 12.0 Retired persons (%) 28.7 7 28.5 Migration Living in the same settlement since birth (%) 38.6 8 39.9 Foreign-born population per 1,000 population 103 6 111 Foreign-born in countries on the area of former Yugoslavia (% of total foreign-born population) 83.1 9 86.7 Last migration, immigrated from another region in Slovenia per 1,000 population 161 5 139 Last migration, immigrated from another region in Slovenia aged 20+ with tertiary education (%) 20.5 11 27.2 SPODNJEPOSAVSKA STATISTICAL REGION Indicator Region Rank" Slovenia Households Number 27,868 10 813,531 Average size (number of members) 2.48 6 2.48 One-person households (%) 32.7 6 32.8 Households with six or more members (%) 3.0 7 3.2 Three-generation households (%) 6.7 8 7.1 Households with at least one member with tertiary education (%) 23.1 9 28.4 Retired households (%) 22.9 6 22.9 Households with citizens of Slovenia and foreign citizens (%) 2.3 6 2.2 Immigrant households (%) 24.8 7 26.3 Tenant households (%) 7.0 10 9.4 Households without a bathroom (%) 5.7 3 3.7 Families Number 19,303 10 567,347 Consensual unions (%) 9.8 7 10.8 Families with three or more children (% of familes with children) 9.2 6 8.6 Both spouses/partners have tertiary education (%) 7.2 10 10.8 Both spouses/partners are unemployed (%) 1.1 3 0.9 Reconstituted families (%) 4.0 6 4.1 Dwellings Number 29,850 9 844,656 Dwellings per 1,000 population 425 4 412 Dwellings built in the 2006-2010 period (%) 3.0 10 5.0 Holiday dwellings (% of all unoccupied dwellings) 15.6 3 11.9 Occupied dwellings Number 21,863 10 670,127 Average number of persons per dwelling 3.1 4 3.0 Average useful floor space per person (m2) 27 9 27.4 Occupied dwellings with incomplete infrastructure (%) 7.2 3 5.0 Occupied dwellings with less than 10 m2 of useful floor space per person (%) 3.5 6 3.5 3.2% of employed in the region worked in electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply; in no other region was this activity so important. Of course, the region was the location of the Krško nuclear power plant and many hydro power plants on the lower Sava River. The third place as regards the share of holiday dwellings was the result of two factors: wine-growing area with vineyard cottages turned into holiday dwellings and tourist attraction of Terme Čatež spa resort, where the tourist complex was the location of a quarter of all holiday dwellings in the region. Chart 65: Women aged 15-24 who have given birth, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Slovenia Spodnje- Kostanjevica posavska na Krki11 Krško1' 1) Municipalities with the lowest and highest shares in the Spodnjeposavska statistical region. Source: SURS 1) The rank is determined on the basis of classification from the highest to the lowest value. Source: SURS JUGOVZHODNA SLOVENIJA STATISTICAL REGION Jugovzhodna Slovenija combines three natural geographic areas that have only few common characteristics as they are relatively badly connected in terms of traffic (Dolenjska, Bela Krajina, Ribniško-Kočevsko). An important part of the population of this statistical region is the Romany community; with their demographic and socio-economic characteristics the Roma have an important impact on the indicators for the entire region. Jugovzhodna Slovenija was characterised by an above-average fertility rate. Because first-time mothers are much younger than in other regions (except Pomurska), on 1 January 2011 the region had the highest share of women with four children or more (every 12th). As a result, the region had the highest share of large families, i.e. families with three or more children (every ninth). The employment structure of families showed two extremes: a high share of families in which both spouses/partners are employed (third among the regions) and also a high share of families in which both spouses/partners were unemployed (second among the regions). Despite the close proximity of Croatia, due to the relative underdevelopment of the border region Jugovzhodna Slovenija did not attract cross-border labour force; migration mobility of this region's population was below average. There were also no migration flows in the opposite direction; areas with developed labour market were too far away for daily or weekly migration, so this region had the lowest share of employed working abroad. Table 46: Selected indicators for the statistical region Jugovzhodna Slovenija, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Indicator Region Rank" Slovenia Population Number 142,483 5 2,050,189 Foreign citizens (%) 3.6 7 4.0 Women aged 85+ per 100 men of the same age 414 1 330 People aged 30-39 living with parent(s) (%) 23.6 7 23.9 Fertility Average number of live-births per woman 1.65 2 1.51 Women aged 15-24 who have given birth (%) 6.9 2 5.4 Women who have given birth to 4 or more children 8.3 1 6.0 (% of women who have given birth) 1 Women aged 40+ who have not (yet) given birth (%) 7.2 9 8.2 Education People aged 19-24 with basic education (%) 15.6 9 14.5 People aged 30-34 with tertiary education (%) 29.5 6 31.7 Masters and doctors of science per 1,000 population with tertiary education 46 8 72 Women with tertiary education per 100 men with tertiary education 138 4 133 Men masters or doctors of science per 100 women masters or doctors of science 102 11 124 Activity status Unemployed and inactive per employed 1.43 7 1.45 Activity rate for foreign citizens (%) 71.3 2 67.9 Working abroad (%) 0.2 12 0.9 Unemployment rate for women (%) 11.7 7 12.0 Retired persons (%) 27.4 11 28.5 Migration Living in the same settlement since birth (%) 41.3 4 39.9 Foreign-born population per 1,000 population 99 8 111 Foreign-born in countries on the area of former Yugoslavia (% of total foreign-born population) 88.7 6 86.7 Last migration, immigrated from another region in Slovenia per 1,000 population 143 6 139 Last migration, immigrated from another region in Slovenia aged 20+ with tertiary education (%) 23.6 7 27.2 JUGOVZHODNA SLOVENIJA STATISTICAL REGION Indicator Region Rank" Slovenia Households Number 53,611 5 813,531 Average size (number of members) 2.62 2 2.48 One-person households (%) 31.0 10 32.8 Households with six or more members (%) 4.3 2 3.2 Three-generation households (%) 7.9 3 7.1 Households with at least one member with tertiary education (%) 25.8 6 28.4 Retired households (%) 22.4 10 22.9 Households with citizens of Slovenia and foreign citizens (%) 1.9 8 2.2 Immigrant households (%) 24.8 6 26.3 Tenant households (%) 5.8 11 9.4 Households without a bathroom (%) 6.3 1 3.7 Families Number 38,704 5 567,347 Consensual unions (%) 8.4 11 10.8 Families with three or more children (% of familes with children) 11.6 1 8.6 Both spouses/partners have tertiary education (%) 8.5 6 10.8 Both spouses/partners are unemployed (%) 1.2 2 0.9 Reconstituted families (%) 3.1 11 4.1 Dwellings Number 56,995 5 844,656 Dwellings per 1,000 population 400 9 412 Dwellings built in the 2006-2010 period (%) 4.2 6 5.0 Holiday dwellings (% of all unoccupied dwellings) 16.5 2 11.9 Occupied dwellings Number 42,374 5 670,127 Average number of persons per dwelling 3.2 1 3.0 Average useful floor space per person (m2) 26.6 10 27.4 Occupied dwellings with incomplete infrastructure (%) 7.8 2 5.0 Occupied dwellings with less than 10 m2 of useful floor space per person (%) 3.8 4 3.5 Almost the same number of men and women had postgraduate education (master's or doctoral degree). The ratio was very similar only in Zasavska and Notranjsko-kraška. Many of these people were employed in the pharmaceutical industry. This region had the highest share of households without bathroom in the dwelling. The useful floor space per household member was below average (26.6 m2 per person ranks the region tenth in Slovenia). In the wine-growing part of the region many dwellings were empty (including vineyard cottages) and used for holiday purposes, so behind Gorenjska this region had the second highest share of holiday dwellings. Chart 66: Households with both Slovene and foreign citizens, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Slovenia Jugovzhodna Mirna Peč11 Osilnica11 Slovenija 1) Municipalities with the lowest and highest shares in the statistical region Jugovzhodna Slovenija. Source: SURS 1) The rank is determined on the basis of classification from the highest to the lowest value. Source: SURS OSREDNJESLOVENSKA STATISTICAL REGION On 1 January 2011 Osrednjeslovenska was the largest region in terms of the population; as many as 26% of Slovenia's population was living in it. More than two thirds of people in this region were living in urban areas. The people of this region were on average younger than in other regions, which is the result of the fact that the region is the university and employment centre. More than 7% of people aged 15+ were students (the average for Slovenia was just over 5%). Chart 67: Persons with tertiary education, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Table 47: Selected indicators for the Osrednjeslovenska statistical region, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 30 20 Slovenia Osrednje- Šmartno Trzin" slovenska pri Litiji11 1) Municipalities with the lowest and highest shares in the Osrednjeslovenska statistical region. Source: SURS The impact of the largest university in Slovenia reflected in the educational structure: more than three quarters of the region's population aged 15+ had at least upper secondary education and 23% had tertiary education. Indicator Region Rank" Slovenia Population Number 533,213 1 2,050,189 Foreign citizens (%) 5.3 2 4.0 Women aged 85+ per 100 men of the same age 309 11 330 People aged 30-39 living with parent(s) (%) 22.4 10 23.9 Fertility Average number of live-births per woman 1.40 12 1.51 Women aged 15-24 who have given birth (%) 4.0 12 5.4 Women who have given birth to 4 or more children (% of women who have given birth) 4.9 10 6.0 Women aged 40+ who have not (yet) given birth (%) 10.1 1 8.2 Education People aged 19-24 with basic education (%) 11.3 12 14.5 People aged 30-34 with tertiary education (%) 38.2 1 31.7 Masters and doctors of science per 1,000 population with tertiary education 107 1 72 Women with tertiary education per 100 men with tertiary education 133 8 133 Men masters or doctors of science per 100 women masters or doctors of science 119 8 124 Activity status Unemployed and inactive per employed 1.39 10 1.45 Activity rate for foreign citizens (%) 68.5 6 67.9 Working abroad (%) 0.3 10 0.9 Unemployment rate for women (%) 9.1 12 12.0 Retired persons (%) 27.4 12 28.5 Migration Living in the same settlement since birth (%) 42.1 3 39.9 Foreign-born population per 1,000 population 140 2 111 Foreign-born in countries on the area of former Yugoslavia (% of total foreign-born population) Last migration, immigrated from another region in Slovenia per 1,000 population 89.9 172 4 2 86.7 139 Last migration, immigrated from another region in Slovenia aged 20+ with tertiary education (%) 33.3 1 27.2 OSREDNJESLOVENSKA STATISTICAL REGION Osrednjeslovenska had the highest share of immigrants from other regions with tertiary education (more than 30%). In almost half of three- or more-person households at least one member had tertiary education. Half of employed in this region worked in the settlement in which they lived (which is the highest share among the regions). Such a high share was mostly the result of the largest city and employment centre in Slovenia; almost all employed living in Ljubljana also worked in Ljubljana. Less than 7% of employed worked in the municipality of their residence but in another settlement. The share of those who worked in another statistical region was the same (both shares were the lowest among the regions). Women living in the Osrednjeslovenska region on average had the lowest number of children. They decide to have children later in their lives as among women aged 15-24 only 4% (the lowest share among all regions) had already given birth. This fact is directly linked with tertiary level studies. Osrednjeslovenska had the most diverse structure of population in terms of the country of citizenship: in addition to Slovenia, people in this region came from 117 other countries. As regards the share of foreign citizens among the population, the region was second behind Obalno-kraška. Indicator Region Rank" Slovenia Households Number 209,837 1 813,531 Average size (number of members) 2.48 7 2.48 One-person households (%) 34.4 2 32.8 Households with six or more members (%) 3.6 4 3.2 Three-generation households (%) 7.2 5 7.1 Households with at least one member with tertiary education (%) 36.5 1 28.4 Retired households (%) 21.8 11 22.9 Households with citizens of Slovenia and foreign citizens (%) 2.8 3 2.2 Immigrant households (%) 32.4 2 26.3 Tenant households (%) 9.4 6 9.4 Households without a bathroom (%) 2.5 11 3.7 Families Number 142,673 1 567,347 Consensual unions (%) 10.1 6 10.8 Families with three or more children (% of familes with children) 9.7 3 8.6 Both spouses/partners have tertiary education (%) 16.5 1 10.8 Both spouses/partners are unemployed (%) 0.6 9 0.9 Reconstituted families (%) 3.8 8 4.1 Dwellings Number 217,885 1 844,656 Dwellings per 1,000 population 409 6 412 Dwellings built in the 2006-2010 period (%) 6.8 1 5.0 Holiday dwellings (% of all unoccupied dwellings) 7.1 12 11.9 Occupied dwellings Number 177,130 1 670,127 Average number of persons per dwelling 2.9 9 3.0 Average useful floor space per person (m2) 27.2 7 27.4 Occupied dwellings with incomplete infrastructure (%) 3.6 11 5.0 Occupied dwellings with less than 10 m2 of useful floor space per person (%) 4.0 3 3.5 1) The rank is determined on the basis of classification from the highest to the lowest value. Source: SURS GORENJSKA STATISTICAL REGION Before Slovenia won independence, the Gorenjska statistical region was considered to be one of the most industrialised areas in Slovenia. Due to the failure of many large industrial enterprises, the employment structure of the population changed significantly. As regards the share of persons employed in manufacturing, on 1 January 2011 Gorenjska was fifth among the regions. Because of good employment opportunities and lack of domestic labour force, Gorenjska used to be very attractive for immigration from the area of former Yugoslavia (mostly - 56% - from Bosnia and Herzegovina). The region was fifth in terms of the share of people born abroad (the share was slightly below the national average), but there were huge differences between different areas of this region. The region showed some very favourable indicators from which a relatively good quality of life (the lowest long-term unemployment, a high share of people with tertiary education, the lowest share of dwellings without basic infrastructure, high employment of both spouses/partners) can be inferred. One has to keep in mind though that favourable employment conditions were the result of intensive daily migration from the entire region to Osrednjeslovenska (especially Ljubljana), which gave employment to 22% of the population of Gorenjska. With 66 masters or doctors of science per 1,000 population with tertiary education this region was second in Slovenia, but still not above the national average of 72 due to the concentration of the best educated population in the Osrednjeslovenska region. Table 48: Selected indicators for the Gorenjska statistical region, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Indicator Region Rank" Slovenia Population Number 203,427 4 2,050,189 Foreign citizens (%) 3.6 8 4.0 Women aged 85+ per 100 men of the same age 322 9 330 People aged 30-39 living with parent(s) (%) 24.4 5 23.9 Fertility Average number of live-births per woman 1.55 7 1.51 Women aged 15-24 who have given birth (%) 5.4 10 5.4 Women who have given birth to 4 or more children (% of women who have given birth) 6.4 5 6.0 Women aged 40+ who have not (yet) given birth (%) 7.6 7 8.2 Education People aged 19-24 with basic education (%) 15.5 10 14.5 People aged 30-34 with tertiary education (%) 32.6 3 31.7 Masters and doctors of science per 1,000 population with tertiary education 66 2 72 Women with tertiary education per 100 men with tertiary education 127 11 133 Men masters or doctors of science per 100 women masters or doctors of science 148 1 124 Activity status Unemployed and inactive per employed 1.43 9 1.45 Activity rate for foreign citizens (%) 63.4 10 67.9 Working abroad (%) 0.3 8 0.9 Unemployment rate for women (%) 9.3 10 12.0 Retired persons (%) 29.6 4 28.5 Migration Living in the same settlement since birth (%) 40.5 5 39.9 Foreign-born population per 1,000 population 109 5 111 Foreign-born in countries on the area of former Yugoslavia (% of total foreign-born population) Last migration, immigrated from another region in Slovenia per 1,000 population 90.1 127 3 7 86.7 139 Last migration, immigrated from another region in Slovenia aged 20+ with tertiary education (%) 25.6 4 27.2 GORENJSKA STATISTICAL REGION It is interesting that the region had the greatest inequality between men and women in terms of achieving postgraduate education (148 men per 100 women with the same education). Gorenjska (particularly its sub-alpine part) is among the areas with the highest fertility in Slovenia, so it is not surprising that the region had on average the largest households (2.63 members), large families (second behind Jugovzhodna Slovenija) and many three-generation households (second behind Pomurska). Due to natural features and the resulting tourism development, the region has an extremely large number of holiday dwellings (3,400 or every fourth unoccupied dwelling). Chart 68: Holiday dwellings, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 % of dwellings 30 n 20 10 Slovenia Gorenjska Bohinj1' Šenčur1' 1) Municipalities with the lowest and highest shares in the Gorenjska statistical region. Source: SURS Indicator Region Rank" Slovenia Households Number 76,581 4 813,531 Average size (number of members) 2.63 1 2.48 One-person households (%) 29.3 11 32.8 Households with six or more members (%) 4.3 1 3.2 Three-generation households (%) 7.9 2 7.1 Households with at least one member with tertiary education (%) 29.6 2 28.4 Retired households (%) 24.7 3 22.9 Households with citizens of Slovenia and foreign citizens (%) 2.4 5 2.2 Immigrant households (%) 26.2 4 26.3 Tenant households (%) 7.9 8 9.4 Households without a bathroom (%) 2.1 12 3.7 Families Number 56,680 4 567,347 Consensual unions (%) 10.7 5 10.8 Families with three or more children (% of familes with children) 11.3 2 8.6 Both spouses/partners have tertiary education (%) 11.4 2 10.8 Both spouses/partners are unemployed (%) 0.6 10 0.9 Reconstituted families (%) 4.3 4 4.1 Dwellings Number 78,814 4 844,656 Dwellings per 1,000 population 387 11 412 Dwellings built in the 2006-2010 period (%) 4.9 4 5.0 Holiday dwellings (% of all unoccupied dwellings) 24.2 1 11.9 Occupied dwellings Number 64,702 4 670,127 Average number of persons per dwelling 3.1 5 3.0 Average useful floor space per person (m2) 27.9 5 27.4 Occupied dwellings with incomplete infrastructure (%) 2.7 12 5.0 Occupied dwellings with less than 10 m2 of useful floor space per person (%) 3.3 7 3.5 1) The rank is determined on the basis of classification from the highest to the lowest value. Source: SURS NOTRANJSKO-KRASKA STATISTICAL REGION Notranjsko-kraška is the second smallest statistical region in Slovenia, which, however, is rather average in many respects. Due to the completion of the motorway section, good transport links of the region with the centre of Slovenia and the coast (through this region the first motorway in Slovenia was constructed) and cheaper dwellings, on 1 January 2011 this region had the highest share of immigrants from other regions (19 per 1,000 population). The region had almost the highest number of dwellings per 1,000 population (433) and one in three dwellings (65%) had three or more rooms. On average, one person had 29 m2 of useful floor space of the dwelling, which was 1.5 m2 more than the national average. This is why the share of overcrowded dwellings (in which one person has less than 10 m2 of useful floor space) was among the lowest in Slovenia (2.5%). The second highest share of immigrants from abroad, which came from the area of former Yugoslavia, is also the result of past developments, when many army barracks of the former Yugoslav Army were built in this region, which resulted in strong concentration of people working in them. An additional reason is the border location of some municipalities. As a result, the region had many nationality mixed households; in almost one in three households at least one person was a first or second generation immigrant. Table 49: Selected indicators for the Notranjsko-kraška statistical region, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Indicator Region Rank" Slovenia Population Number 52,287 11 2,050,189 Foreign citizens (%) 4.9 3 4.0 Women aged 85+ per 100 men of the same age 337 6 330 People aged 30-39 living with parent(s) (%) 26.5 4 23.9 Fertility Average number of live-births per woman 1.57 6 1.51 Women aged 15-24 who have given birth (%) 6.0 7 5.4 Women who have given birth to 4 or more children 5.5 9 6.0 (% of women who have given birth) Women aged 40+ who have not (yet) given birth (%) 7.7 6 8.2 Education People aged 19-24 with basic education (%) 17.2 3 14.5 People aged 30-34 with tertiary education (%) 32.2 4 31.7 Masters and doctors of science per 1,000 population with tertiary education 51 5 72 Women with tertiary education per 100 men with tertiary education 135 6 133 Men masters or doctors of science per 100 women masters or doctors of science 103 10 124 Activity status Unemployed and inactive per employed 1.34 12 1.45 Activity rate for foreign citizens (%) 68.2 7 67.9 Working abroad (%) 0.4 7 0.9 Unemployment rate for women (%) 9.5 8 12.0 Retired persons (%) 29.8 3 28.5 Migration Living in the same settlement since birth (%) 38.4 9 39.9 Foreign-born population per 1,000 population 128 3 111 Foreign-born in countries on the area of former Yugoslavia (% of total foreign-born population) 91.5 2 86.7 Last migration, immigrated from another region in Slovenia per 1,000 population 188 1 139 Last migration, immigrated from another region in Slovenia aged 20+ with tertiary education (%) 25.2 5 27.2 NOTRANJSKO-KRASKA STATISTICAL REGION Indicator Region Rank" Slovenia Households Number 20,413 11 813,531 Average size (number of members) 2.53 5 2.48 One-person households (%) 31.6 8 32.8 Households with six or more members (%) 3.0 8 3.2 Three-generation households (%) 5.9 10 7.1 Households with at least one member with tertiary education (%) 27.1 5 28.4 Retired households (%) 24.5 4 22.9 Households with citizens of Slovenia and foreign citizens (%) 3.0 2 2.2 Immigrant households (%) 29.2 3 26.3 Tenant households (%) 8.9 7 9.4 Households without a bathroom (%) 4.1 5 3.7 Families Number 14,329 11 567,347 Consensual unions (%) 8.4 10 10.8 Families with three or more children (% of familes with children) 9.3 5 8.6 Both spouses/partners have tertiary education (%) 8.5 7 10.8 Both spouses/partners are unemployed (%) 0.6 8 0.9 Reconstituted families (%) 3.4 10 4.1 Dwellings Number 22,621 11 844,656 Dwellings per 1,000 population 433 2 412 Dwellings built in the 2006-2010 period (%) 4.4 5 5.0 Holiday dwellings (% of all unoccupied dwellings) 9.5 10 11.9 Occupied dwellings Number 17,537 11 670,127 Average number of persons per dwelling 2.9 8 3.0 Average useful floor space per person (m2) 28.9 2 27.4 Occupied dwellings with incomplete infrastructure (%) 5.6 5 5.0 Occupied dwellings with less than 10 m2 of useful floor space per person (%) 2.5 11 3.5 Traditionally, consensual unions are not frequent in the region; of all the regions the fewest children are born to unmarried mothers. In only every 12th family the man and the woman were not married. Of all the regions, here a hundred employed were maintaining the fewest children, persons in education, unemployed or retired (134). One in ten unemployed persons has been seeking employment for more than three years, which was the second lowest share of long-term unemployed in Slovenia. Chart 69: Families in which both spouses/ partners have tertiary education, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 % 151 129 6 Slovenia Notranjsko Ilirska Postojna" -kraška Bistrica" 1) Municipalities with the lowest and highest shares in the Notranjsko-kraška statistical region. Source: SURS 1) The rank is determined on the basis of classification from the highest to the lowest value. Source: SURS GORIŠKA STATISTICAL REGION The people of Goriška on average live the longest; on 1 January 2011 the region had almost the highest share of retired people (31.7%) and households in which all members were retired (one in four). In most of the elderly households the person lived alone; in Goriška in two out of three retired households. At age when children had usually already left their original families (30-39) as many as 29.5% were still living with their parents, which was the highest share of all regions. Most of the people (36.5%) at this age had their own families; however, particularly men, who traditionally leave their original families later, still live with their parents. At age 39 one in four men and one in ten women were still living in the primary family. The people of this region are among the better educated. Tertiary education - one in three persons aged 30-34 finished at least short-term higher education - contributes to the postponing of births, since only Osrednjeslovenska recorded a higher share of younger women who had not yet given birth. Almost the highest share of women who have not had a child before completing 40 years of age (every 12th) indicates that probably quite a number of them will remain childless. Table 50: Selected indicators for the Goriška statistical region, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Indicator Region Rank" Slovenia Population Number 119,146 6 2,050,189 Foreign citizens (%) 4.2 4 4.0 Women aged 85+ per 100 men of the same age 313 10 330 People aged 30-39 living with parent(s) (%) 29.5 1 23.9 Fertility Average number of live-births per woman 1.58 5 1.51 Women aged 15-24 who have given birth (%) 4.5 11 5.4 Women who have given birth to 4 or more children 6.2 6 6.0 (% of women who have given birth) Women aged 40+ who have not (yet) given birth (%) 8.2 2 8.2 Education People aged 19-24 with basic education (%) 17.3 2 14.5 People aged 30-34 with tertiary education (%) 33.1 2 31.7 Masters and doctors of science per 1,000 population with tertiary education 47 7 72 Women with tertiary education per 100 men with tertiary education 130 9 133 Men masters or doctors of science per 100 women masters or doctors of science 136 3 124 Activity status Unemployed and inactive per employed 1.43 8 1.45 Activity rate for foreign citizens (%) 72.7 1 67.9 Working abroad (%) 2.4 2 0.9 Unemployment rate for women (%) 9.2 11 12.0 Retired persons (%) 31.7 2 28.5 Migration Living in the same settlement since birth (%) 39.5 7 39.9 Foreign-born population per 1,000 population 87 9 111 Foreign-born in countries on the area of former Yugoslavia (% of total foreign-born population) 82.7 10 86.7 Last migration, immigrated from another region in Slovenia per 1,000 population 113 11 139 Last migration, immigrated from another region in Slovenia aged 20+ with tertiary education (%) 31.1 2 27.2 GORIŠKA STATISTICAL REGION Indicator Region Rank" Slovenia Households Number 46,309 6 813,531 Average size (number of members) 2.54 4 2.48 One-person households (%) 31.5 9 32.8 Households with six or more members (%) 3.3 5 3.2 Three-generation households (%) 6.8 7 7.1 Households with at least one member with tertiary education (%) 28.0 4 28.4 Retired households (%) 25.1 2 22.9 Households with citizens of Slovenia and foreign citizens (%) 1.9 7 2.2 Immigrant households (%) 19.9 10 26.3 Tenant households (%) 7.0 9 9.4 Households without a bathroom (%) 3.3 8 3.7 Families Number 33,017 7 567,347 Consensual unions (%) 7.3 12 10.8 Families with three or more children (% of familes with children) 9.3 4 8.6 Both spouses/partners have tertiary education (%) 9.6 4 10.8 Both spouses/partners are unemployed (%) 0.5 12 0.9 Reconstituted families (%) 2.6 12 4.1 Dwellings Number 51,215 7 844,656 Dwellings per 1,000 population 430 3 412 Dwellings built in the 2006-2010 period (%) 3.5 8 5.0 Holiday dwellings (% of all unoccupied dwellings) 13.5 7 11.9 Occupied dwellings Number 39,371 7 670,127 Average number of persons per dwelling 3.0 7 3.0 Average useful floor space per person (m2) 29.4 1 27.4 Occupied dwellings with incomplete infrastructure (%) 4.6 8 5.0 Occupied dwellings with less than 10 m2 of useful floor space per person (%) 2.2 12 3.5 The region's location at the border contributes to intense cross-border labour migration; every 45th employed person travelled daily/weekly to work in Italy. The region's unemployment rate was among the lowest in the country and employment opportunities of foreign citizens were the best in the country. Chart 70: Working abroad, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 % of employed 8-, Slovenia Goriška Cerkno11 Kobarid" 1) Municipalities with the lowest and highest shares in the Goriška statistical region. Source: SURS Goriška was characterised by the highest share of dwellings with three or more rooms (73%) and the related largest average useful floor space of dwellings per person (29.4 m2) and the lowest share (2.2%) of dwellings with less than 10 m2 of useful floor space per person. 1) The rank is determined on the basis of classification from the highest to the lowest value. Source: SURS OBALNO-KRAŠKA STATISTICAL REGION The most noticeable characteristic of the Obalno-kraška statistical region is its diverse structure of foreign population by country from which they immigrated to Slovenia. 217 per 1,000 population who lived in this region on 1 January 2011 used to live in one of 99 countries of the world. Most of them (21,000 or 87%) came as economic migrants from other parts of former Yugoslavia; in absolute terms citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina are followed by citizens of Croatia, Serbia, Macedonia and Kosovo. Fifth placed are 1,291 people whose country of birth was in the neighbouring Italy and were on average 49 years old; one in three was over 64 years old and one in nine was under 15 years old. Chart 71: Foreign-born population, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 25-, 20 15 10 5 Table 51: Selected indicators for the Obalno-kraška statistical region, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 Slovenia Obalno Komen11 Piran/Piranc^ -kraška 1) Municipalities with the lowest and highest shares in the Obalno-kraška statistical region. Source: SURS Indicator Region Rank" Slovenia Population Number 110,760 8 2,050,189 Foreign citizens (%) 7.8 1 4.0 Women aged 85+ per 100 men of the same age 266 12 330 People aged 30-39 living with parent(s) (%) 26.7 3 23.9 Fertility Average number of live-births per woman 1.41 11 1.51 Women aged 15-24 who have given birth (%) 5.5 8 5.4 Women who have given birth to 4 or more children 3.1 12 6.0 (% of women who have given birth) Women aged 40+ who have not (yet) given birth (%) 7.9 5 8.2 Education People aged 19-24 with basic education (%) 17.0 4 14.5 People aged 30-34 with tertiary education (%) 29.8 5 31.7 Masters and doctors of science per 1,000 population with tertiary education 56 4 72 Women with tertiary education per 100 men with tertiary education 120 12 133 Men masters or doctors of science per 100 women masters or doctors of science 126 5 124 Activity status Unemployed and inactive per employed 1.35 11 1.45 Activity rate for foreign citizens (%) 70.1 3 67.9 Working abroad (%) 1.6 4 0.9 Unemployment rate for women (%) 9.3 9 12.0 Retired persons (%) 28.8 6 28.5 Migration Living in the same settlement since birth (%) 28.4 12 39.9 Foreign-born population per 1,000 population 217 1 111 Foreign-born in countries on the area of former Yugoslavia (% of total foreign-born population) 87.0 7 86.7 Last migration, immigrated from another region in Slovenia per 1,000 population 167 3 139 Last migration, immigrated from another region in Slovenia aged 20+ with tertiary education (%) 26.6 3 27.2 OBALNO-KRAŠKA STATISTICAL REGION The people of Obalno-kraška whose country of birth was in one of the countries on the area of former Yugoslavia on average lived in Slovenia for over 26 years; almost one in two had basic education or less and only every 12th had tertiary education. The region is still interesting in terms of employment prospects: 7.8% of employed were foreign citizens and their employment rate (70.1%) was among the highest in the country. A large majority of employed foreign citizens came from the area of former Yugoslavia (82%); due to the proximity of the border, many employed were Italian citizens (6%). Only two other countries (Ukraine and Bulgaria) had more than 100 employed in the region. The region had the highest share of one-person households (35.5%), while in every third one-person household the person was over 64 years old. In urban areas the person in such a household was on average 54 years old and in non-urban areas 4.2 years older. High above the national average of 26.3% were also households in which at least one person was an immigrant. The share for this region was 46.5%. Another characteristic of the region is one of the lowest fertility rates in Slovenia, which shows in almost the lowest average number of live-births (1.41) and share of women who had four children or more (3.1%). Indicator Region Rank" Slovenia Households Number 45,712 7 813,531 Average size (number of members) 2.39 9 2.48 One-person households (%) 35.5 1 32.8 Households with six or more members (%) 3.0 6 3.2 Three-generation households (%) 7.5 4 7.1 Households with at least one member with tertiary education (%) 29.5 3 28.4 Retired households (%) 22.4 8 22.9 Households with citizens of Slovenia and foreign citizens (%) 3.9 1 2.2 Immigrant households (%) 46.5 1 26.3 Tenant households (%) 9.8 4 9.4 Households without a bathroom (%) 2.9 10 3.7 Families Number 30,633 8 567,347 Consensual unions (%) 9.8 8 10.8 Families with three or more children (% of familes with children) 5.2 12 8.6 Both spouses/partners have tertiary education (%) 10.3 3 10.8 Both spouses/partners are unemployed (%) 0.6 11 0.9 Reconstituted families (%) 4.0 7 4.1 Dwellings Number 55,017 6 844,656 Dwellings per 1,000 population 497 1 412 Dwellings built in the 2006-2010 period (%) 6.3 2 5.0 Holiday dwellings (% of all unoccupied dwellings) 14.7 5 11.9 Occupied dwellings Number 39,558 6 670,127 Average number of persons per dwelling 2.7 12 3.0 Average useful floor space per person (m2) 28.2 3 27.4 Occupied dwellings with incomplete infrastructure (%) 4.9 7 5.0 Occupied dwellings with less than 10 m2 of useful floor space per person (%) 4.3 1 3.5 1) The rank is determined on the basis of classification from the highest to the lowest value. Source: SURS METHODOLOGY G G population: 2,050,189 9 ft 0 / K / -j dwellings: 844,656 EXPLANATIONS ON THE 2011 REGISTER-BASED CENSUS Topics available to users POPULATION Demographic characteristics sex age legal marital status de facto marital status live-born children citizenship household status family status immigrant background immigrant status of parents Migration place/country of birth ever resided abroad year of arrival to Slovenia previous usual residence year of last migration type of migration age at immigration age at last migration Activity activity status status in employment occupation industry type of sector place of work Education educational attainment Advantages of the register-based method For society as a whole, the greatest advantage of the register-based method is budget savings; they are estimated at EUR 14 million, which would be the cost of a traditional (fieldwork) census. In addition, the census was conducted with a very small number of statisticians-methodologists and information technology experts employed by the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia without any additional employment. For an individual such a method of conducting a census presents no burden at all (no additional questions to answer), since all data that we need have already been collected by other national authorities or with other statistical surveys. So, most people did not even know that the largest statistical action in Slovenia was taking place. There are also many methodological and process advantages, which can best be detected at the Statistical Office but can indirectly also be detected by data users. Probably the most important fact for them is that first final data of the 2011 Register-based Census were available as early as 4 months after the reference date. But because all input data are not available at the same time, the statistical process had to be adjusted to this fact. Because it was possible to provide a single and controlled methodological approach in all phases of the process, the data were of very high quality (which could not be provided in the past due to 10,000 interviewers conducting the census). Census units, data sources and their keepers Census unit Data source Keeper Population Central Population Register Ministry of the Interior Households Household Register Ministry of the Interior Dwellings Real Estate Register Surveying and Mapping Authority Limitations of the register-based method One of the most important limitations is complete dependence on existing data sources, their content, quality and management, because the methodology is usually adjusted to administrative needs. For data users this means that from 2011 on due to the register-based method of census implementation some data on total population are no longer available because they have traditionally been collected only with censuses and can be defined as opinions (e.g. ethnicity, religion, mode and frequency of traveling to work). From a methodological point of view, especially in the case of using several data sources the main limitations are mismatch of similar content and data from various sources (due to different time of data collection, methodology, updating), and from the point of view of process also failure to provide some administrative data in time. The latter was solved by dividing the statistical process into individual phases and publishing content of data after the individual phase (e.g. data on population were published at the end of April 2011, data on households and families at the end of June 2011 and data on the occupancy of dwellings in June 2012). Sources of data on activity status and their keepers Data source Keeper Statistical Register of Employment SURS Registered unemployment Employment Service of Slovenia Pension recipients Pension and Disability Insurance Institute Persons with health insurance Health Insurance Institute of Slovenia Recipients of social financial assistance Ministry of Labour, Family and Social Affairs Persons liable to income tax Tax Administration Statistical surveys: Enrolment in full-time and part-time studies Scholarship recipients SURS Topics available to users (continued) HOUSEHOLDS AND FAMILIES Households relation to the reference person type of household size of household tenure status of household generational composition Families type of family size of family position in family number and age of children DWELLINGS occupancy use ownership useful floor space number of rooms kitchen infrastructure in the dwelling: electricity water toilet bathroom sewerage heating type of building year of construction GENERAL place of residence/location of dwelling cohesion region statistical region municipality settlement size of settlement urban/non-urban area Implementation of the 2011 Register-based Census was made possible by the establishment of new data sources Following the example of the Scandinavian countries, as early as the 1970s and 1980s the Statistical Office set up some registers that are still the backbone of administrative sources in the country (Central Population Register, Register of Spatial Units, Business Register of Slovenia), and in the 1990s turned them over to be maintained by other institutions. All these administrative sources were used at the 2011 Register-based Census. The missing Real Estate Register, which is the only source for data on buildings and dwellings in the 2011 Census, was set up by the Surveying and Mapping Authority on the basis of data collected with the real estate census conducted in 2007. At the same time numbers of dwellings in multi-dwelling buildings were determined and addresses of people in the CRP were completed with these numbers, which enabled linking between persons and their dwellings. In addition, within the informatisation of administrative internal affairs the Ministry of the Interior set up an electronic Household Register, which used to be manually kept in the form of card files. The Household Register is a Slovene particularity, since other register-based countries do not have such a high-quality data source on the household structure. Sources of data on education and their keepers Data source Keeper Statistical Register of Employment SURS Graduates of general and vocational matura and data on national examination at the end of the last third of elementary education National Examinations Centre Certificates of chambers Chamber of Commerce and Industry Chamber of Craft and Small Business Chamber of Commerce Registered unemployment Employment Service of Slovenia Statistical surveys Tertiary education graduates Enrolment in full-time and part-time studies Scholarship recipients SURS 2002 Population Census educational attainment SURS Some methodological novelties of the 2011 Register-based Census With the 2011 Register-based Census we started to fully harmonise the data of regular population statistics (data are published four times a year) with census data. At the 2002 Census the difference between the two was more than 30,000 people. In the definition of usual residence the new definition of population is taken into account, which in addition to permanent residence also considers temporary residence. By using administrative sources, the register-based census abandoned the definition of household based on economic criteria (joint use of means to cover the basic cost of living). According to the new definition, a household is a community of people (or a single person) living in the same dwelling and having the same household number. In preparing the data where a larger number of sources were used (e.g. education, activity status) the methodology of the source hierarchy was taken into account. If the figure on the same person was available in several sources, according to the hierarchy methodology the figure that was in the source marked with the highest priority level was taken into account. Each planned source was examined, its relevance for use was assessed from the point of view of quality, reliability, being up-to-date, accessibility and data comparability, and its priority level was assigned. In analysing and using data from the 2011 Register-based Census and particularly in comparing the data with previous censuses, it is necessary to take into account that data on residence and the data on household and family structure and occupancy are based on registered administrative residence, which is not always their actual residence. Sources of data on migration and their keepers Data source Keeper Statistical surveys Migration 2002-2010 Births 2002-2010 Population 1 January 2010 SURS 2002 Population Census place/country of birth last migration SURS DEFINITIONS OF SOME OF THE TERMS USED POPULATION Working age population are all persons aged 15 or more. Ageing index is the ratio between the old population (aged 65 years or more) and the young population (aged 0-14 years), multiplied by 100. Educational attainment is the highest publicly verified education that a person achieves by successfully finishing a verified educational or study programme. It can also be obtained in other ways, e.g. by successfully passing a master craftsman, foreman or head clerk exams. Educational attainment is demonstrated by an official document (certificate, diploma, etc.). Young-age dependency ratio is the ratio between the number of children (aged 0 to 14 years) and the number of working-age population (aged 15 to 64), multiplied by 100. The young-age dependency ratio measures how many children are age-dependent per 100 working-age population. Old-age dependency ratio is the ratio between the number of older population (aged 65 years or more) and the number of working-age population (aged 15 to 64), multiplied by 100. The old-age dependency ratio measures how many older people are age-dependent per 100 working-age population. Return migrant is a person whose country of birth is Slovenia and who after having been international migrant returns to Slovenia again. Population of Slovenia are persons regardless of citizenship with registered permanent and/or temporary residence in Slovenia who live or intend to live in Slovenia for one year or more and are not temporarily absent from Slovenia for a year or more. Country/place of birth is the settlement and municipality in Slovenia or a foreign country in which the person established first residence after birth. Migration is the change of the settlement of residence of a person. Activity status is the relationship of a person to economic activity, based on a reference period defined in data sources on activity. In the broader sense we distinguish: • economically active: employed, unemployed; • inactive population: children aged 0-14 years, pupils, students, pensions, other inactive persons. Activity rate represents the labour force as a percentage of the working age population. Unemployment rate represents unemployed persons as a percentage of the labour force. Employment ratio represents employed persons as a percentage of the working age population. Migration rate represents migrants as a percentage of the total population. Tertiary education is educational attainment that a person achieves by successfully finishing a verified higher educational programme, including short term higher educational programme. FAMILIES AND HOUSEHOLDS A family (nucleus) is defined as two or more persons who live in the same private household and who are related as: • Parents (one or both) and children who live with both or one of the parents. The age of children is not limited, however they must not have their own families or live in consensual unions; • A married man and woman; • Partners who live in a consensual union. A household is a group of people (or a resident living alone) living in the same dwelling with the same household number. Tenant household is a household where none of its members owns the dwelling or its parts but at least one of the members has a contract and pays rent for occupying the dwelling. Immigrant household is a household with at least one member born abroad/second generation descendant. An extended family household is a household with members of one or several families in the household and at least one person who is not a member of these families. Type of family is a characteristic of a family regarding the relations between spouses, cohabiting partners, parents and children. Basic types of families are: • Married couple without children, • Married couple with children, • Mother with children, • Father with children, • Unmarried partners without children, • Unmarried partners with children. A retired household is a household with only retired members by activity status A reconstituted family is a family with at least one non-common child of both spouses/partners. Husband-wife family is a type of family comprised by a married couple without children and a married couple with children. A consensual union is long-time community of a man and a woman who are not married to each other. The marital status of partners is not important. DWELLINGS A dwelling is a structurally separate and independent premise at fixed location which is designed for permanent human habitation and is used as a residence (occupied dwelling), or is empty or reserved for seasonal or secondary use (unoccupied dwelling). Dwelling with incomplete infrastructure is a dwelling without one or more elements of basic infrastructure: water supply system, electricity, bathing or toilet facilities. Market rented dwelling is a dwelling which is rented out freely on the market. Useful floor space of a dwelling is the sum of useful floor space of all rooms, kitchen and other utility spaces (bathroom, toilet, and hallway). The area of terraces and balconies, architecturally separated utility spaces, garages, cellars and attics unsuitable for living is not taken into account. ABBREVATIONS AND UNITS OF MEASUREMENT EU European Union OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development SMA Surveying and Mapping Authority SURS Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia mio milion % percentage + or more (years, members ...) m2 square metre km2 square kilometre SOURCES AND LITERATURE Registered-based Census 2011. Ljubljana: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia. Retrieved on 22. 11. 2012 from the website: http://www.stat.si/popis2011/eng/Default.aspx?lang=eng Demography and social statistics. Population. SI-STAT Data Portal. Ljubljana: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia. Retrieved on 22. 11. 2012 from the website: http://pxweb.stat.si/pxweb/Database/Demographics/Demographics.asp Demography and social statistics. Level of Living. SI-STAT Data Portal. Ljubljana: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia. Retrieved on 22. 11. 2012 from the website: http://pxweb.stat.si/pxweb/Database/Demographics/Demographics.asp Popisi na Slovenskem 1948-1991 in Popis 2002. (2001). Ljubljana: Statistični urad Republike Slovenije. Register-based census 2011 - new achievement of Slovenian statistics (30. 12. 2010). Special release. Ljubljana: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia. Retrieved on 21. 1. 2013 from the website: http://www.stat.si/eng/novica_prikazi.aspx?id=3669 Population, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 - final data (29. 4. 2011). First release. Ljubljana: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia. Retrieved on 21. 1. 2013 from the website: http://www.stat.si/eng/novica_prikazi.aspx?id=3876 Population by marital status, detailed data, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 - final data (30. 6. 2011). E release. Ljubljana: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia. Retrieved on 21. 1. 2013 from the website: http://www.stat.si/eng/novica_prikazi.aspx?id=4026 Fertility, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 - final data (30. 6. 2011). First release. Ljubljana: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia. Retrieved on 21. 1. 2013 from the website: http://www.stat.si/eng/novica_prikazi.aspx?id=4030 Households and families, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 - final data (30. 6. 2011). First release. Ljubljana: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia. Retrieved on 21. 1. 2013 from the website: http://www.stat.si/eng/novica_prikazi.aspx?id=4029 Activity, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 - final data (28. 12. 2011). First release. Ljubljana: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia. Retrieved on 21. 1. 2013 from the website: http://www.stat.si/eng/novica_prikazi.aspx?id=4431 Educational attainment, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 - final data (29. 12. 2011). First release. Ljubljana: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia. Retrieved on 21. 1. 2013 from the website: http://www.stat.si/eng/novica_prikazi.aspx?id=4412 Migration, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 - final data (30. 12. 2011). First release. Ljubljana: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia. Retrieved on 21. 1. 2013 from the website: http://www.stat.si/eng/novica_prikazi.aspx?id=4430 Dwellings, Slovenia, 1 January 2011 - final data (21. 7. 2012). First release. Ljubljana: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia. Retrieved on 21. 1. 2013 from the website: http://www.stat.si/eng/novica_prikazi.aspx?id=4771 HOW TO OBTAIN STATISTICAL DATA AND INFORMATION? • on Statistical Office's website www.stat.si/eng • via mail, phone, fax and e-mail adress: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, Litostrojska cesta 54, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia phone: +386 1 241 64 04 fax: +386 1 241 53 44 answering machine: +386 1 475 65 55 e-mail: info.stat@gov.si • by ordering statistical publications adress: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, Litostrojska cesta 54, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia phone: +386 1 241 52 85 fax: +386 1 241 53 44 e-mail: prodaja.surs@gov.si • by visiting the Information Centre office hours: Monday to Thursday from 9.00 to 15.30 Friday from 9.00 to 14.30 ISBN 978-961-239-272-7 c ___________ 9789612392727