rpaMMaTHHecKHe cpegcTBa MogennpOBaHH» TponoB KaK npogyKTHBHbie penpe3eHTaHTbi o^HOHHMX 3HaneHHH
B COBpeMeHHOM yKpaHHCKOM »3bIKe: neKCHKO-rpaMMaTHHeCKHH OKCMMOpOH
Oksana Vladimirovna Khaliman
H. S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University (XapbKoecKuu Ha^uoHanbHuu ne^a^o^u^ecKuu yHueepcumem um. r. C. CKoeopodu), Valentynivska St. 2, UA - 61168 Kharkiv, khaliman_oksana@ukr.net
- 1.01 Izvirni znanstveni članek - 1.01 Original Scientific Article -
V članku so predstavljene značilnosti oblikovanja leksikalno-slovničnih oksimo-ronov za izražanje aksioloških pomenskih odtenkov v ukrajinščini. Mehanizmi tvorbe jezikovnih enot na podlagi nasprotujoče si združljivosti leksikalne in slovnične semantike se kažejo na ravni edninskosti - množinskosti, množine - ednine, brezstopenjske značilnosti - stopnje izražanja značilnosti, postopka in trajanja aktivnosti - njegove omejitve. Za posebno izvedbo v smislu izražanja vrednotenja opisanih tipov je značilno oblikovanje več edninskih oblik in ustvarjalno modeliranje oblik stopenj primerjave.
The features of modeling lexico-grammatical oxymorons to express axiological nuances of meanings in Ukrainian are described in the article. The mechanisms of forming linguistic units on the basis of the conflicting compatibility of lexical and grammatical semantics are characterised: singularity/plurality; plurality/ the singular; non-graded feature/degree of expression of a feature; procedural, duration of an action/its limit. The particular performance in terms of expressing evaluation among the types described is characterised by the formation of multiple singular forms and creative modeling of the forms of the degrees of comparison.
Ključne besede: trop, leksikalno-slovnični oksimoron, vrednotenje, ukrajinščina
Key words: trope, lexico-grammatical oxymoron, estimation, Ukrainian
0 BBegeHue
Bep6a^H3auHH ^fleMeHTOB OKpy^aro^en geHCTBHTeflbHOCTH roBopa^ne Hcno^b3yMT CHCTeMy a3biKOBbix cpegcTB, aKTya^ronpya cbom ^HHrBOKpeaTHB-HOCTb, co3gaBaa o6pa3Hbie HOMHHaunn, Moge^npya opHaMeHTa^HKy. npu ^TOM, KaK H3BecTHO, MO^eT BO3HHKaTb ceMaHTHnecKaa gByn^aHOBOCTb Me^gy a3bi-KOBbiMH egHHHuaMH, ocHOBaHHaa Ha accounaTHBHbix CBa3ax. HMeHHO nepeHOC
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Oksana Vladimirovna Khaliman
3HaneHua aBnaeTca ochoboh co3gaHua TponoB, t. e. opHaMeffranbHbix 06pa30-BaHHH, o6pa3HMX XapaKTepHCTHK, CMOge^HpOBaHHMX «c nOMO^bM BTOpuHHbix CMHCJOBHx 3HaneHHH» (rpoM'aK 2007: 679).
KopHH a3biKOBOH TpOneuHHOCTu (a3biKOBOH CnOCO6HOCTH K cO3gaHuM TpOnOB)
3ano®eHbi, KaK H3BecTHO, b acHMMeTpHH nnaHa cogep^aHua u nnaHa Bbipa^eHua 33MKOBMX eguHu^ B npo^cce o6pa3Horo hx nepeocMbicneHua cucTeMaranecKu Ha6nrogaeTca oco3HaHHoe oTKnoHeHue ot HopMbi. Ha ^T0 o6paTun BHHMaHHe e^e KBuHTunuaH, nognepKuBaa, hto Ha geH0TaTuBH0e 3HaneHue TaKHx eguHu^ HaKnagbiBaeTca oco6aa Bbipa3uTenbHocTb, BO3HuKaro^aa BcnegcTBue aKTyanu-3a^uu cHCTeMHbix MHciHTeabHHx o^epa^uH To^gecTBa, cxogcTBa, cMe^Hocra u KoHTpacTa. ^TO u ecTb o6pa3Hbie cy6^neMeHTbI, ocHoBa MexaHH3MoB «npupa-^eHua» cMHcia (Ma^KO 2005: 327).
OaKTHHeckh «Tponbi aBnaMTca cTunucranecKu MapKupoBaHHon BTopunHon HOMHHa^HeH» (TaM ®e), a hx nuHraucTunecKoe o6bacHeHue HaxoguM, ecTecTBeH-ho, b pa6oTax no cTunucTuKe. Cnoco6HocTb BbmonHaTb o^noHHym $yH^um, KaK oTMenaeT .H. ^enHa, OTpa^aeT ^0TeH^uan TponoB, nocKonbKy Bbipa^eHue co6cTBeHHoro MHeHua o6 o6beKTe b $opMe MeTa^opbi, oKcMMopoHa, nepu$pa3bi u t. g. geMOHCTpnpyeT aBTopcKoe OTHomeHHe, ero HepaBHogymue k KOHKpeT-HOMy o6"beKTy, nono^uTenbHO unu OTpu^TenbHO MapKupoBaHHyro ^HHocTb (^.eftHa 2016: 140-141). C ^nbro co3gaHua tohhhx u apKux aKcuonorunecKu MapKHpoBaHHMx xygo^ecTBeHHbix o6pa3OB MacTepa cnoBa nonb3yMTca mo^-hmm pecypcoM H3o6pa3HTenbHO-Bbipa3HTe^bHbix cpegcTB, unnrocTpupya cbom ^HHrBOKpeaTHBHOcTb.
MogenupoBaHue OTgenbHbix TponoB geMOHcTpupyeT aKTyanu3a^uro ^paMMa-munecKux cpedcme, conpoBO^garo^yroca noaBneHueM o^hohhux ommeuKoe 3Ha-neHua. B npo^cce peneBon geaTenbHocTu oraomeHua Me^gy cucTeMOH a3biKa u TunuHHMMu KOHTeKcTaMu nocTeneHHO KogupyMTca b a3biKOByK>, b nacraocTu rpaMMaTunecKyM cTpyKTypy, t. e. rpaMMaraKanroupyroTca1. Ha6nrogaeM TaK^e 3aKpenneHue o^hohhoh ceMaHTuKu, o^hohhmx (^yH^uft 3a rpaMMaTunecKuMu eguHH^MH, KaK cnegcTBue ^T0^0 o^HKa 3aHuMaeT cBoe MecTo b rpaMMarane-ckoh cucTeMe. HccnegoBaHue rpaMMaranecKux cpegcTB MogenupoBaHua TponoB — ogHa u3 aKTya^bHbix npo6neM nuHrBoaKcuonoruu u, b nacraocTu, rpaMMaTuKu o^hku KaK ee cocTaBHon nacra.
^nb ^T0H cTaTbu — onucaHue oco6eHHocTen MogenupoBaHua neKcuKO-rpaMMaTunecKoro OKcMMopoHa gna Bep6anu3a^uu aKcuonorunecKux ottchkob 3HaneHun b yKpauHcKOM a3biKe. HnnrocTparaBHbiM MaTepuanoM uccnegoBaHua nocny^unu xygo^ecTBeHHbie TeKcTbi (npuMepbi 0T06paHbi u3 npou3BegeHun yKpauHcKux nucaTenen koh. XIX - XX BeKOB), pa3roBopHaa penb (npuMepbi 3a-^uKcupoBaHM b n0BcegHeBH0M o6^eHuu ^uTenen B0cT0HH0r0 u ^HTpanbHoro peru0H0B yKpauHbi), a TaK^e gaHHbie coBpeMeHHbix cnoBapen neKcuKo-rpaMMa-TunecKux uHH0Ba^uH yKpauHcKoro a3biKa.
1 npuMenanue. npo6neMa ^paMMaTHKanH3a^HH s3mkoboh ceMaHTHKH y^e 6bna npegcTaB-neHa b cTaTbax ^ypHana «Slavia Centralis» Ha MaTepuane gpyrux a3MKOB (cm.: Bennett 2013).
- 84 --Slavia Centralis 1/2020
	 rpaMMamunecKue cpedcmea ModenupoeaHUR mponoe KaK npodyKmueHue ... 	
1 OKCWMOpOH
OKcwMopoH co3gaeTca, KaK u3BecTHo, BCjegcTBue coneTaeMocra «pe3KO koh-TpacTHHx, npoTuBonojo^Hbix no 3HaneHuM cjob» (rpoM'aK 2007: 505). OgHaKo ^TOT TepMuH ucnojb3yeTca b a3biKO3HaHuu He TOJbKO gja o6o3HaneHua Tpona, ^yH^uoHupyro^ero b xygo^ecTBeHHOM TeKCTe. C$epa ero npuMeHeHua 3Ha-HuTejbHo pacmupaeTca: yneHbie BbigejaroT OKcroMopoHHyro MeTa^opy (KajuTa 2013), oKCMMopoHHbie cuHTarMM (3aBajÍH 2015) u gp.
B coBpeMeHHoM a3biKO3HaHuu oKcwMopoH npunucjaMT k KpearuBHbiM cpeg-CTBaM ^opMupoBaHua HOBu3Hbi CjoBeCHHX o6pa3oB, BbicOKOH ux ^KC^peCCUBHO-ctu. OnucHBaa ujjMCTpaTuBHHH MaTepuaj, nogo6paHHbrä u3 TeKCToB pa3Hbix CTujen, B. CyxeHKo BbigejaeT cooTBeTCTByro^ue jeKcuKo-ceMaHTunecKue rpyn-na, onpegejaa ^yH^uoHajbHO-nparMaranecKue bo3mo®hoctu OKcroMopoHa, u gejaeT BbiBog o tom, hto b ^mkoboh KapTuHe Mupa oh uHTepnpeTupyeTca B CooTBeTCTBuu Co C^e^U$UKOH Ha^UOHaJbHO^O MupOBO33peHua, Mupoco3ep-^Hua u MuponoHuMaHua, peaju3yeT 6ojbmoH 3apag ^KC^peccuu, Bbi3biBaeT pa3juHHbie ^MO^uu (CyxeHKo 2017), u, cjegoBaTejbHO, cBa3aH c Bbipa^eHueM
O^HOHHblX CMblCJOe.
1.1 ^eKCUKO-^paMMamuvecKuú OKcrnMopoH
KaK npegcTaBjaeTca, Heo6xoguMO aKTyajroupoBaTb noHaTue jeKcuKo^paMMamu-uecKuü oKcwMopoH, ^yH^uoHupoBaHue KOToporo ocHOBaHO Ha MogejupoBaHuu OKCMMopoHHHx rpaMMaranecKux $opM. CnuTaeM, hto OKcroMopoHHbie rpaM-MaTunecKue $opMbi BO3HuKaroT KaK cjegcTBue $opMOo6pa3OBaHua, b npo^cce KOToporo Ha6jMgaeTca HecoBMecTuMOCTb rpaMMaranecKoro 3HaneHua ^opMbi u jeKcunecKoro 3HaneHua cjOBa. B. BuHorpagoB nognepKuBaj, hto «rpaMMaTuKa u jeKcuKa He TOJbKO B3auMogencTByroT, ho u 6oproTca gpyr c gpyroM» (BuHorpa-goB 2001: 369). TaKoe npoTuBopenue Me^gy jeKcunecKuMu u rpaMMaranecKuMu ceMaMu gocTaTOHHO apKO npoaBjaeTca b Mop^ojoruu b npo^cce MogejupoBaHua TaK Ha3MBaeMax ^paMMamu^ecKux mpeM (XamMaH 2010: 51). ®yH^uoHupoBaHue jeKceMbi b HecBOHcTBeHHOH gja Hee cjOBO^opMe o6ecnenuBaeT co3gaHue rpaM-MaTunecKOH o6pa3HocTu. npocje^uBaeTca He BHemHun KOHTpacT, BO3HuKaro^un Me^gy KOHTeKcTOM u ^opMon, a BHyTpeHHun — Me^gy $opMon u ee HanojHe-HueM. TaKuM o6pa3OM, aKTyaju3upya cbom KpeaTuBHocTb, roBopa^un cjegyeT 33HKOBHM ycTaHOBKaM u «ucnpaBjaeT HecnpaBegjuBocTb» (HopMaH 2006: 38), 3anojHaa onpegejeHHbie jiaKyHbi u3-3a OTcyTcTBua b a3biKOBOH cucTeMe roTOBax cpegcTB, goBoga ee go ycjOBHOH ugeajbHocTu, hto MOTuBupoBaHO ycjOBuaMu KOMMyHuKaTuBHbX CUTya^UH.
B cucTeMe jeKcuKO-rpaMMaranecKoro OKcroMopoHa BbigejaeM cjegyro^ue Tunbi, ocHOBaHHbe Ha TaKux BeKTopax koh^jukthoctu jeKcunecKOH u rpaMMa-TunecKOH ceMaHTuKu:
1)	cuHryjaTuBHocTb I MHO^ecTBeHHocTb;
2)	njMpajbHocTb I eguHuHHocTb;
3)	HerpagyupoBaHHbiH npu3HaK I cTeneHb Bbipa^eHua npu3HaKa;
4)	npo^ccyajbHocTb, npogoj^uTejbHocTb gencTBua I ero npegejbHocTb.
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Oksana Vladimirovna Khaliman
2 HeKCMKO-rpaMMaTMHeCKMM OKCWMOpOH: CMHry^aTMBHOCTb /
MHO^eCTBeHHOCTb
HeKCHKO-rpaMMaTHHeCKHH OKCMMOpOH, 6a3HpyM^HHC3 Ha KOH^^HKTHOM cone-TaHHH cMbicnoB cu^ymmueHocmb / MHowecmeeHHocmb, cBa3aH c KpearaBHon peanu3a^ueH KaTeropuu nucna u perynapHocTbro o6pa3oBaHua KoppenaTuBHbix nucnoBbix nap cy^ecTBuTenbHbix, hmcm^hx HenonHyro napagurny, a TaK^e c ^yH^uoHanbHbiMu (nparnaTunecKuMu) 0C06eHH0CT3MH ynoTpe6neHua ^Tux $opM b penu. B npo^cce TaKoro ynoTpe6neHua rpaMMaranecKoe eguHcTBeHHoe nucno 3aMeHaeTca «cranucTunecKuM» MHO^ecTBeHHHM (flygHK 2006: 14).
Cy^ecTBHTeflbHbie-CHHry^aTHBbi peanu3yroT cboh ^0TeH^uanbHbIe bo3mo®-
HOCTH 06pa30BaHH3 $OpM MHO^eCTBeHHOrO HHC^a BC^egCTBHe aKTyanU3a^UU
caMux pa3Hoo6pa3HHx 0TTeHK0B 3HaneHua Ha 0CH0BaHHH Bep6anu3a^uu npe-He6pe®uTenbHoro oraomeHua k gencTBuTenbHocTu, Hanp.:
(yKp.) rxxnew — ^e Moxoda, a ewe e nxammx He exasumb, i ye npu moMy, ^o duMOM du-
xaeMO, ecxKUMu maM aHeidpudaMU... (O. ToH^ap); H dyMam, ^o mym Mycxmb 3^uHymu ecxKi
Heepa^eii' ma iHwi xeopoöu, xon 6u eid caMO^o noeimpx ü eodu (Heca yKpaiHKa).
TaKue $opMH MHo^ecTBeHHoro nucna, no MHeHuro Ap6aTcKoro, cTaHoBaTca Bce 6onee pacnpocTpaHeHHbiMu b xygo^ecTBeHHon penu (Ap6aTCKun 1972: 95), hto nogTBep^garoT u gaHHbie aBTopcKon KapToTeKu Ha MaTepuane yKpauHcKoro a3biKa (BbicoKaa nacTOTHocTb pacnpocTpaHeHua uccnegyeMon Mogenu) (Cm. o6 ^TOM XaniMaH 2019: 175-184, 372).
TaKue Henombie napagurMbi, KaK oTMenaeT Konou3, MoryT nerKo TpaHc-^opMupoBaTbca b nonHbie, nocKonbKy b cucTeMe a3biKa 3ano®eH onpegeneHHbrä ^0TeH^uan (Konoi'3 2007: 195). Cy^ecTByeT MHeHue, cornacHo KoTopoMy Bce cnoBa singularia tantum umckt o6e nucnoBbie $opMbi; MHo^ecTBeHHoe nucno xapaKTepu3yeTca b ^TOM cnynae KaK ^0TeH^uanbH0e: npaKTunecKu nogo6Hbie $opMH ynoTpe6naeTca pegKo, ho npu Heo6xoguMocTu ohu MoryT aKTyanu3upo-BaTbca — TaKue KoHcTpy^uu nerKo MogenupyroTca no cy^ecTByro^en cxeMe, a HocuTenu a3biKa ux 6e3 Tpyga BocnpuHuMaroT (3anu3HaK 1977: 5). BbicKa3aHHyro tohky 3peHua noggep^uBaeT Konou3, yTBep^gaa, hto rpaMMeMbi MHo^e-cTBeHHoro nucna gna cy^ecTBuTenbHbix singularia tantum, KaK u rpaMMeMbi eguHcTBeHHoro nucna gna cy^ecTBuTenbHbix pluralia tantum aBnaroTca noTeH-^uanbHHMu, no KpaHHen Mepe, a3biKoBaa cucTeMa npegocTaBnaeT bo3mo®hoctu gna aKTyanu3a^uu TaKux $opM. ^,aHHaa cnoco6HocTb Mo^eT peanu3oBaTbca unu He peanu3oBaTbca, a BnocnegcTBuu TaKue peanu3oBaHHbie ^0TeH^uanbHHe bo3mo®hoctu MoryT 6biTb npuHaTbi unu He npuHaTbi y3ycoM (Konoi'3 2007: 196). B KoHKpeTHbix peneBMx cuTya^uax npoucxoguT peanu3a^ua yKa3aHHbix Bo3Mo®HocTen, hto u cnoco6cTByeT noaBneHuro «oKKa3uoHanbHux rpaMMarane-ckux Mogu$uKa^uH b napagurMe Mop^onorunecKon KaTeropuu nucna» (Konoi'3 2007: 196). OKKa3uoHanbHbie $opMbi geMoHcTpupyroT aKTyanu3upoBaHHMe rpaM-MaTunecKue KpeaTuBHMe bo3mo®hoctu cy^ecTBuTenbHMx singularia tantum u cBugeTenbcTByroT o Mogu$uKa^uu ux nucnoBon napagurMM, o6ecnenuBaro^eH ynacTue nocnegHux b BMpa^eHuu 3HaneHua o^eHKu, cp.:
- 86 --Slavia Centralis 1/2020
	 rpaMMamunecKue cpedcmea ModenupoeaHUR mponoe KaK npodyKmueHue ... 	
(yKp.) Bu Ka3umecb, bu moHeme epo3Komax (gga Bbipa:®eHHa oTpu^TegbHoro o^HoqHoro CMHCja) (H. KocTeHKo).
Oco6oe BHHMaHHe b cucTeMe cuHry^aTHBOB npuB^eKaroT ^opMbi HMeH co6-ctbchhmx, KOTOpbie H3-3a $yH^uu HHguBugyaflroa^u, KaK npaBMo, He yno-Tpe6^aMTca b $opMe MHO^ecTBeHHoro nuc^a, a Ha^unue TaKoro ynoTpe6^eHua cBHgeTe^bcTByeT o nopo^geHuu btophhhmx cmmc^ob. HgeHTu^uKa^OHHaa $yH^ua HMeH (ugeHTH^u^poBaTb o6ieKT u Bbige^HTb ero H3 paga ogHO-pogHMx) 6a3upyeTca Ha npegcTaB^eHuu o egHHHHHocTH u, cooTBeTcTBeHHo, BMpa^aeTca b $opMe eguHcTBeHHoro nuc^a. y^uTbiBaa ^T0, ucc^egoBaTenu oTMenaMT, hto ohhmh, KaK npaBH^o, o6o3HanaroT o6"beKTbi, He nog^e^a^ue cneTy. Be3yc®OBHO, TonoHHMbi, ohkohhmm, kocmohhmm, ^proHHMbI cBa3aHbi c noHaTueM eguHHHHocTu. 06pa3OBaHue $opM MHO^ecTBeHHoro nuc^a gaHHbix c^ob conpoBO^gaeTca onpege^eHHbiMH ceMaHTHHecKHMH npeo6pa3oBaHHaMH,
c6^H®aro^HMH hx c ane^naTHBaMH. KaK oTMenaeT C. MaKapoBa, TaKue $opMbi egHHcTBeHHoro u MHO^ecTBeHHoro nuc^a He Bbipa^aroT cooTHomeHHa «egu-HHHHocTb (ogHH npegMeT)» — «MHo^ecTBeHHocTb (gBa, MHoro ogHOTunHbix npegMeTOB)» (MaKapoBa 1982: 56). npu TaKoM $opMoo6pa3OBaHuu ceMa MHo^e-cTBeHHocTH BcTynaeT b koh^^hkt c neKcuHecKOH ceMaHTHKOH cy^ecTBUTe^bHbix b ^tom: Moge^upyroTca ^opMbi MHO^ecTBeHHoro nuc^a, He cBoguMbie k cyMMe neKcHnecKoro 3HaneHua ucxogHon ^opMbi eguHcTBeHHoro nuc^a u rpaMMarane-ckoh ceMaHTHKH MHo^ecTBeHHocTH (nuBOBapoBa 2009: 9), Hanp.:
(yKp.) Bu... noúanunuycxKo^o HaHUHHX e mux Imaiinx (Heca YKpai'HKa); I He CKapamb meúe óymumejXM cuúipaMU i coioeKaMU (B. CTyc).
06pa3oBaHue $opM MHO^ecTBeHHoro nuc^a npoTHBopeHHT $yH^uu HMeH co6cTBeHHMx, a HMeHHo: BMge^aTb npegMeT u^u aB^eHue H3 paga ogHopogHbix, hto h o6yc®DB^HBaeT Bo3HHKHoBeHHe onpege^eHHbix KOHHOTa^H, b tom nuc^e
H 3HaneHHH OTpH^TeflbHOH O^HKH.
B oraunue ot Ha3BaHHMx Bbime rpynn co6cTBeHHbix HMeH, aHTponoHHMbi H3MeHaMTca no nuc^aM. ^Ta oco6eHHocTb Ha nepBbiH B3raag npoTHBopeHHT npu-poge ohhmob, c^y^a^ux g^a HHgHBHgya^H3a^HH npegMeTa, hto o6iacHaeTca Heu36e®HOH cnoco6HocTbro ^aMuauñ, HMeH u^u OTHecTB noBTopaTbca, a TaK^e TeM, hto ohh 3aKpen^eHbi b ogHon u toh ®e $opMe 3a pa3HbiMu HocuTe^aMu. OgHaKO, Ha3MBaa KaK pea^bHbix nrogen, TaK u repoeB ^HTepaTypHbix npou3Bege-hhh, HMeHa co6cTBeHHMe b npo^cce o6pa3OBaHua $opM MHo^ecTBeHHoro nuc^a MoryT npuo6peTaTb HOBbie cmhmh, He TO^bKO Bbipa^aa MHO^ecTBeHHocTb, ho aKTya^H3upya o^HOHHbie 3HaneHua (Cm. o6 ^TOM XamMaH 2010: 171-193), Hanp.:
(yKp.) Ah! Twpx Hopmoea! 3a6pajacb e nywy cojOMy ma ü wenecmumb ^e!.. «nycmxwHuü»! A eawi KyponamKiHU, PowdecmeeHCbKi, Cmeceii xopowi? OduH mijibKu ü 6ye nopxÓHuü KoHÓpameHKo — ma ü mo He Ka^an, a yKpame^. ^bo^o eoHu He 3Harnmb! Ka^anypu! (B. BHHHH^eHKo).
B ucc^egoBaHuax no cTH^ucraKe yKpauHcKoro a3biKa npegcTaB^eHO onucaHue ^yH^uoHupoBaHua $opM MHO^ecTBeHHoro Huc^a co6cTBeHHMx HMeH b caTH-punecKux ^HTepaTypHMx ^aHpax, rge Moge^upyeTca cBoeo6pa3HMH cmmc^oboh
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Oksana Vladimirovna Khaliman
«KOJopuT gja Bbipa^eHua npe3peHua, npeHe6pe®eHua, capKa3Ma u Boo6^e OTpu-^TenbHoro OTHomeHua k coBOKynHocTH TunoB, JIH^ u aBjeHHH» (^epegHuneHKO 1962: 291). OTpu^TenbHoe OTHomeHue Ha nucbMe MO^eT 6biTb npegcTaBjeHO HanucaHueM ^THX cy^ecTBHTejbHbix c ManeHbKOH 6yKBbi, cBugeTenbcTByro^eM o6 a^eJJaTHBa^HH (nepexoge co6cTBeHHoro uMeHu b Hapu^TenbHoe 6e3 a$$HK-ca^HH) u H3MeHeHuu	TaKux cjob, Hanp.:
(yKp.) — Omux eimnepie, aHmoHecoK, omux MiHicmpie, xkum He cudumbcx 6e.3 eoeH... H saKyeae 6u i'x y naH^mu i eodue 6u... (O. ToH^ap); rocmpue ^oöhx, 6o ü mynue ^oöhx, eid KaiHie ycxKux oööueamnucb (O. Ijb^eHKo).
npuHHHy o6pa3OBaHua nogo6Hbix Mop^onorunecKux Heojoru3MOB kojoh3 BuguT b peaJH3a^HH a3biKOBOH ^OTeH^HH gja pemeHua «cooTBeTCTByro^ux KoMMyHHKaTUBHHx 3agan», Bep6aJH3a^HH npamaTunecKOH HH$opMa^HH (Ko-joi3 2007: 24).
B npo^cce o6pa3OBaHua $opM MHo^ecTBeHHoro nucna ot uMeH co6cTBeH-hhx peaju3yeTca ^pHH^H^ o6o3HaneHua cooTBeTCTByro^ero Kjacca npegMeToB no ogHoMy u3 hhx, hto h Bbi3biBaeT onpegeneHHbie K0HH0Ta^HH. HMeHa b $opMe MHo^ecTBeHHoro Hucja Ha3bIBaWT cOBOKynHOcTb JH^ b toh hjh hhoh cTeneHH HgeHTH$H^Hpyro^Hx npu3HaK hjh Ha6op npu3HaKOB, xapaKTeproyro^ux hoch-Teja uMeHu (nepcoHa^a xygo^ecTBeHHoro npou3BegeHua hjh ucTopunecKoro geaTeja), Hanp.:
(yKp.) A cKiMbKu m i^e 6yno, mux «omaMaHie», ^o mepsanu mino YKpamu Hauioi?!I W^enenb, i Bonox, i BonuHe^, i EonöauaH, i Ko3up-3ipKa, i flxxoeun... I pi3Hi Mopdaieeuui, 3eneni, 3a6oiomni... OmaKux npeÖKie Manu menepiwHi 6andepu, 6ynb6u ma MeibHUKU... ffonx ixhx maKa m, xk i iHwux SaHdep-nonepeÖHuKie (OcTan BumHa).
HMeHHO 6jarogapa TOMy, hto HocuTeju uMeHu o6^eu3BecTHbi, u OTKpbiBawTca bo3mo®hocth gja hx nepexoga b HMeHa-o6o6^eHua, cBoeo6pa3Hbie chmbojh. TaKue eguHH^i ^yH^uoHupyroT KaK npe^geHTHbie ^eHOMeHbi, OTjunaroTca Bocnpou3BoguMocTbw b gucKypce OTgejbHOH a3biKOBOH jhhhocth, ^^oxH npu ycjOBuu ocBegoMjeHHocTu o6 ^T0M ^eHOMeHe gpyrux npegcTaBHTenen gaHHoro juHrBOKyjbTypHoro coo6^ecTBa.
C ^JbW Bep6aJH3a^HH O^HOHHblX cmhcjob OTOHHMHbie $OpMbI MHO^e-cTBeHHoro Hucja ynoTpe6jawTca He TOJbKO gja o6o3HaneHua MHO^ecTBeH-hocth, ho h gja xapaKTepHcTHKH OTgejbHoro nenoBeKa. HanpuMep, H. PeB3HH uccjegyeT pacnpocTpaHeHHbrä cTHjHcTHHecKHH npueM, 3aKflronaro^HHca b tom, HTO «O JHHHOcTH, KOTOpyW XOTaT yHH3UTb, rOBOpaT BO MHO^ecTBeHHOM Hucje»
(pyc. so^eHKu, mmManbi) (PeB3HH 1969: 107). B TaKOM cnynae OTpu^TenbHaa o^HKa 6a3upyeTca Ha ^$$eKTe ^H^ep6oflH3a^HH, yMeHbmaro^eM 3HanuMocTb eguHHHHoro o6beKTa, Teparo^ero cbow uHguBugyajbHocTb b ceMaHTHKe Heog-HOpOgHOH MHO^ecTBeHHOcTH.
TaKHM o6pa3OM, oKcwMopoHHMe $opMH MHo^ecTBeHHoro Hucja, o6pa3OBaH-Hue ot HMeH co6cTBeHHHx, MoryT ucnojb3OBaTbca gja peaJH3a^HH 0^eH0HHHx $yHK^HH KaK OTHocuTejbHO coBOKynHocTu JH^ (oöoötyawtyan MHoMecmeen-nocmb), o6"beguHeHHbix b pe3yjbTaTe o6o6^eHua no onpegeneHHOMy npu3HaKy, TaK h OTHocuTe jbHO OTgejbHoro JH^a, npegMeTa hjh aBjeHua (MHüMecmeeHHoe
- 88 --Slavia Centralis 1/2020
	 rpaMMamunecKue cpedcmea ModenupoeaHUR mponoe KaK npodyKmueHue ... 	
^unep6onu^ecKoe) (cm. 06 ^T0M XajiMaH 2010: 138-143, 143-189). TpaHC^opMa-^ua 3HaneHua npoucxoguT 3a cneT: a) noTepu npu3HaK0B 0HuMa, 6) c6ju®eHua ero c uMeHeM Hapu^TejbHbiM u b) Hapa^uBaHua 0^H0HH0r0 K0Mn0HeHTa.
HoMuHaTuBHaa $yH^ua paccMaTpuBaeMbix eguHu^ b ^opMax MHo^ecTBeH-Horo nucja TpaHC^opMupyeTca b aTpu6yTuBHyK>. noaBjeHue TaKux otohumhmx 06pa30BaHuH o6iacHaeTca 0TcyTCTBueM b a3biKe «r0T0Bbix» cpegcTB gja Bbipa-®eHua Heo6xoguMbix 3HaneHun, hto npuBoguT k Heo6xoguMocTu HapymeHua aB-T0MaTu3Ma gja peaJU3a^uu onpegejeHHbix $yH^uoHajbHbix ^jen. K0HH0Ta-TuBHbie uMeHa co6cTBeHHbie (kohhotohumm), KaK u Bce 0^H0HHbie H0MUHa^uu, oTjunaroTca npeo6jagaHueM b ux cucTeMe nenopaTuBHon o^hku. npoBegeHHbin aHaju3 nogTBep^gaeT cy^ecTByro^ee MHeHue o tom, hto nogo6Hbie npuMepbi aKTyaJU3a^uu jeKcuK0-rpaMMaTunecKoro 0KCMM0p0Ha xapaKTepu3yroTca pery-japHocTbM $yH^uoHupoBaHua b yKpauHCK0H penu, a ux ynoTpe6jeHue b npo-u3BegeHuax nucaTejen XIX - XX bb. CBugeTejbCTByeT o Tpagu^uu peaJU3a^uu TaKoro aKcuojorunecKoro MexaHu3Ma b peneBon npaKTuKe.
3 HeKCMKO-rpaMMaTMMecKMM OKCWMopoH: nnropanbHOCTb / eflMHMHHOCTb
C KpeaTuBHon peaflU3a^ueH KaTeropuu nucja CBa3aH0 TaK^e MogejupoBaHue jeK-cuK0-rpaMMaTunecKoro 0KCMM0p0Ha, 0CH0BaHH0e Ha koh^jukthoctu cmmcjob nimpaibHocmb / edmmnocmb. KaK u3BecTH0, $opMbi cy^ecTBuTejbHHx pluralia tantum, xapaKTepu3yro^ueca «onpegejeHHbiM Bugou3MeHeHueM ceMaHTuKu u ^M0^u0HaJbH0H oKpacKu» b ^opMax eguHCTBeHHoro nucja, HanojHeHbi b03-M0®H0CTbM aKTyaJU3a^uu gonojHuTejbHbix CTujucTunecKux 0TTeHK0B, Hanp.:
(yKp.)^x Kadpa ^e noKawe (i^parMeHT H3 pa3r0B0pH0-6biT0B0H pe^H, HjjrocTpHpyro^HH
aKTyaJH3a^Hro 0TpH^aTeJbH0^0 cMMCja) (^yguK 2006: 14).
B yKpauHCK0M a3biKe npocje^uBaeM peaflu3a^uro ^T0H Mogeju b coneTaHuu c gpyruMu cpegcTBaMu Bbipa^eHua o^hku KaK cjegcTBue ux a^^JUKa^uu: b uccjegyeM0M K0HTeKCTe ynoTpe6jaMTca u 06pa30BaHHaa ^KC^peccuBH0-0^H0HHaa $opMa eguHCTBeHHoro nucja (yKp. Kadpa), u HopMaTuBHaa $opMa MH0®ecTBeHH0r0 nucja (yKp. Kadpu), npu ^T0M nucaTejb-MMopucT Bep6aju3upyeT TaK^e Be^juByro $opMy MH0®ecTBeHH0r0 nucja, co3gaBaa upoHunecKoe 0TH0meHue k 0Tpu^TejbH0My nepcoHa®y. cp.:
(yKp.) — noKiadu ïx y KoixcKy, A x npoüöycb niwKu. ffo eiööineHHx eesu, Ta ne dywe ïx
mpxcu, Xaü He ymoMixombcx, — TaKi Kadpu Ha öoposi npocmo He eanxombcx (n. Tjja-
30buh).
06pa30BaHue 0KKa3u0HajbH0H ^opMbi eguHcTBeHHoro nucja ot cy^ecTBuTejb-Horo pluralia tantum (yKp.) Kadpu o6ecnenuBaeT MogejupoBaHue BTopuHHbix 0TTeHK0B, cBa3aHHbix c BHpa^eHueM aKcuojorunecKux cmmcaob. roMopucTu-necKuH ^$$eKT u cTeneHb npoaBjeHua 0Tpu^TejbH0H o^hku ycujuBaroTca u npu n0M0^u aKTyaJU3a^uu HecooTBeTcTBua ^opMbi ®eHcKoro poga eguH-cTBeHHoro nucja (Kadpa) u noja Ha3biBaeMoro Ju^a. ^KC^peccuBH0-0^eH0HHaa $opMa eguHcTBeHHoro nucja Kadpa ynoTpe6jaeTca b Ha3BaHuu npou3BegeHua,
— 89 —
Oksana Vladimirovna Khaliman
hto, KaK H3BecTHO, Bbipa^aa cunbHyw TeKCTOByM ^03u^uro, gaeT nepBuHHyro uH$opMa^uro o TeKCTe, ^0^T0My cogep^uT Hau6onee Bbipa3uTenbHbie $opMbi.
ynoTpe6neHue cy^ecTBuTenbHbix b eguHcTBeHHOM nucne KaK HapymeHHe COBpeMeHHOH a3biKOBOÖ HOpMbI, Ha6nK>gaeMOe B XygO^eCTBeHHOH peHH, H3-3a HH3KOH HaCTOTHOCTH HX ynOTpe6neHua H. To^y6 CHHTaeT rpaMMaTHHeCKHMH
apxaH3MaMH (rony6 2003: 42). r. XanpyTguHOBa TaK^e OTMenaeT HenpogyKTuB-HOCTb 3a$HKcnpoBaHHHx nogo6Hbix $opM — pacmupeHue napagurMbi nucna Ha6nK>gaeTca BcnegcTBue HeMHoronucneHHbix uHguBugyanbHO-aBTopcKux yno-Tpe6neHun, BCTpenaro^Hxca b pyccKOM a3biKe (XanpyTguHOBa 2009: 26). MaTepuan aBTopcKOH KapTOTeKu nogTBep^gaeT aKTyanbHocTb TaKux yTBep^geHun u gna coBpeMeHHoro yKpauHcKoro a3biKa (Hu3Kaa nacTOTHOCTb pacnpocTpaHeHua).
B ^Ton Mogenu neKcuKo-rpaMMaTunecKoro OKcwMopoHa Ha6nwgaeM gBe pa3HoBHgHocTH ynoTpe6neHua:
1)	ucnonb3OBaHue $opMbi eguHcTBeHHoro nucna, 06pa30BaHH0n ot cy^ecTBH-TenbHbix pluralia tantum, gna H0MUHa^uu ogHoro nenoBeKa unu npegMeTa (yKp. Kadpa). CnoBo, Tpagu^u0HH0 cooraoca^eeca b co3HaHHH Hocnrenen a3HKa c MHO^ecTBeHHOCTbK), b npo^cce ero rpaMMaTunecKoro o^opMneHua b $opMe eguHcTBeHHoro nucna BocnpuHuMaeTca KaK 0KKa3u0HanbH0e u Bep-6anu3yeT cMbicnoBbie oTTeHKu npeHe6pe®nrenbHocTu;
2)	npHMeHeHHe $opMbi eguHcTBeHHoro nucna, 06pa30BaHH0n ot cy^ecTBu-TenbHHx pluralia tantum, k c0B0KynH0cTu nu^ unu npegMeTOB (yKp. anno-ducMenm, aniMeHm, MeMyap). Bep6anH3npya MHO^ecTBeHHocTb b rpaMMa-THnecKOH $opMe eguHcTBeHHoro nucna, roBopa^un cTaBuT nog coMHeHue Ba^HocTb Ha3HBaeMoro — npegMeTOB, nu^ unu aBneHun, neM u o6ecnenuBaeT co3gaHue cooTBeTCTByro^en oTpu^TenbHon K0HH0Ta^uu, cp:
(yKp.) I Ha tyo ^bo^o pa3y x eumpany ^ü aniMeHm? (3 po3M. MOBn.).
AHanu3 co6paHHoro ^aKTunecKoro MaTepuana cBugeTenbcTByeT o Hanunuu orpaHuneHHoro KonunecTBa npuMepoB ucnonb3OBaHua eguHcTBeHHoro ^KC^peccuBH0-0^eH0HH0^0 nucna, hto nogTBep^gaeT TOHKy 3peHua o hu3koh nacTOTHocTu ynoTpe6neHua nogo6Hbix $opM u xapaKTepu3yeT paccMaTpuBaeMbin MexaHu3M KaK HenpogyKTuBHbin b coBpeMeHHon yKpauHcKon penu.
4 HeKCMKO-rpaMMaTMHecKMM oKcroMopoH: HerpagyupoBaHHUM npu3HaK / CTeneHb BbipaweHua npu3HaKa
HoBbie TeHgeH^uu coBpeMeHHon K0MMyHUKa^uu peanu3ywTca b perynapHOM ynoTpe6neHuu OKcroMopoHHbix $opM npunaraTenbHbix, cMogenupoBaHHbix Ha 0cH0Be K0H$nuKTH0cTu ceM HeepadyupoeaHHbiu npusHaK / cmeneHb eupaweHux npu3HaKa. yKpauHcKue yneHbie (r. BoKanbnyK, O. ^u^OMa, Konou3, H. KocTy-caK, Pa3aH^Ba, .H. CeMeHeHKO u gp.) ocHOBaTenbHO uccnegoBanu oco6eHHocTu 06pa30BaHua $opM KOMnapaTuBa u cynepnaTuBa npunaraTenbHbix b c0BpeMeHH0M y KpaHHcKOM a3biKe. T^aTenbHO paccMOTpeHbi (^aKTbi HeHopMaTuBHoro ynoTpe6ne-Hua ^Tux $opM, BbigeneHbi onpegeneHHbie Tunrn rpaMMaTunecKux geBua^uH, b nacTHocTu penb ugeT 0 Ha6nMgaeMon b yKpauHcKon penu TeHgeH^uu 06pa30BaHua
- 90 --Slavia Centralis 1/2020
	 rpaMMamunecKue cpedcmea ModenupoeaHUR mponoe KaK npodyKmueHue ... 	
TaKux $opM ot OTHOCHTe^bHMx, npuTa^aTe^bHbix npH^araTe^bHMx u KanecTBeH-hhx npH^araTe^bHbix, Ha3biBaro^ux HerpagyupoBaHHbiH npu3HaK. roBopa^ue Moge^upyroT H0Bbie cmhcjh nyTeM «npeHe6pe®eHua» gencTByro^HMH a3MK0-BMMH HOpMaMH. OHH n03B0MMT Ce6e H3MeHaTb $0pMa^bHbie TpagH^HOHHMe
rpaMMaranecKue napaMeTpbi, 3aKpen^eHHbie CHCTeMon a3MKa, g^a Moge^upoBa-HHa H0BMX nparMaTHHeCKHX HOpM.
yKpaHHCKHe yneHbie yTBep^garoT, hto oTge^bHbie c^oBa hmcwt 6o^ee mn-poKue bo3mo®hocth g^a peaflH3a^HH y3ya^bH0 3aKpen^eHHbix 3a hhmh Mop$o-noruHecKux KaTeropun. ko^oh3 npuBoguT npuMepbi ynoTpe6^eHua othoch-Te^bHMx, npHTa^aTe^bHMx u nopagKOBbix npH^araTeflbHbix b HecBoncTBeHHbix g^a hhx KOMnapaTHBHMx u cynep^aTHBHbix ^opMax, u^rocTpupya ^aKTbi HapymeHua M0p$0^0ruHecK0H hopmm. nogo6Hbie 06pa30BaHua MoryT npegcTaB-naTb ^paga^HOHHbIe pagbi (cp.: yKp. eecHmuu — eecHmimuü, Ham — Hamimuü, nepmuü — nepmimuü) u ^0TeH^HaflbH0 cnoco6Hbi hx 3aKpMTb (cp.: HaüeecHXHi-muü, HaüHamimuü). rpaMMaranecKue MogH$HKa^HH, npegcTaB^aro^ue KaTero-pHM C00TH0CHTe^bH0H HHTeHCHBHoCTH npH3HaKa, no MHeHHM yKa3aHH0H BHme ucc^egoBaTe^Hu^i, B03HHKaroT Ha ocHoBaHHH oTK®oHeHua ot hopmm. npu ^TOM geM0HCTpupyeTca nopo^geHue CBoeo6pa3Hon nparMaTHKH, npoucxoguT aKTyaflH3a^Ha 0KKa3H0Ha^bHbix 06pa30BaHHH (Ko^oü 2007: 119), Hanp.:
(yKp.) Eyúonw ma cmpoKami ^aMami, Moóepn^bKuü KocmrnM i waóo... Hami xmoh^,
6e3 eunxmKy, Hami, Bwe Hamímux He 5yóe, iü-6o! (P. HyÓKÍBCbKHH) (C^0B0TB0pmcTb
2017: 327).
AHa^H3Hpya 0C06eHH0CTH HapymeHua a3MK0B0H hopmm b npo^cce $yH^uoHH-poBaHua yKpauHCKoro npu^araTeflbHoro, Pa3aH^Ba oTMenaeT, hto HocuTe^u a3MKa «npu6eraroT k C03HaTe^bH0My oTKTOHeHHro ot hopmm g^a Toro, hto6m gocTHHb onpege^eHHoro ^$$eKTa u nepegaTb c noMo^bro Heo6biHHoro c^oBa gono^HHTenbHMH cmmcj», a o6pa3oBaHue CTeneHen cpaBHeHua 0TH0CHTe^bHbix, npuTa^aTe^bHMx, nopagKoBMx, MecTouMeHHMx npunaraTenbHMx u KanecTBeH-hmx npunaraTenbHMx, Ha3biBaro^ux HerpagyupoBaHHbiH npu3HaK, «npoucxoguT o6mhho BcnegcTBue pacmupeHua 3HaneHua c^ob h Hac^oeHua nepeHocHMx 3HaneHHH, a TaK^e g^a gocra^eHua onpege^eHHoro CTH^ucTunecKoro ^$$eKTa, ycu^eHua B03geHCTByro^en ch^m BMCKa3MBaHua» (Pa3aH^Ba 2011). Pa3aH-^Ba yTBep^gaeT, hto TaKue $opMbi «ucno^b3yroTca g^a aKTyaflH3a^HH coot-BeTCTByro^ero o^HOHHOSO sHaueHua npunaraTenbHoro — no^o^HTe^bHoro h^h 0Tpu^Te^bH0r0, hto o6"bacHaeTca aBTopcKHM 3aMMC^0M u B^uaHueM KoHTeKCTa» (Pa3aH^Ba 2013: 76). Bo3HHKaeT npoTHBopenue Me^gy neKCHHecKUM 3HaneHueM npunaraTenbHoro u ero $opMon, Moge^upoBaHue kotopoh ocy^ecTB^aeTca c BMpa^eHua 0^eH0HHMx cmmc^ob. TaKHM cnoco6oM «pea^H3yroTca 3a-no^eHHbie b ^opMax npunaraTenbHMx ^0TeH^HaflbHMe CMMC^oBbie oTTeHKH» (Pa3aH^eBa 2013: 83).
OTMeneHHbie uccflegoBaTe^aMu 0C06eHH0CTH, npegcTaB^aro^ue c^o^HBmy-roca TeHgeH^Hro, npogo^^aroT aKTHBHo pea^H30BaTbca b C0BpeMeHH0H yKpauH-ckoh penu. B nacTHocTH, b C0BpeMeHH0H peneBon npaKTHKe yKpaHH^eB pacnpo-CTpaHeHM c^ynau 06pa30BaHua $opM CTeneHen cpaBHeHua ot 0TH0CHTe^bHMx npunaraTenbHMx:
— 91 —
Oksana Vladimirovna Khaliman
(yKp.) khumhíwuü, HaüeenocunedHimuü, HaüdHinponempoecbKimuü, HaüicmopuHHimuü, HaüKui'ecbKiwuü, HaüjbeiecbKiwuü, HaünonbcbKimuü (CnoBOTBopqicTb 2017).
^aHHoe $0pM006pa30BaHue xapaKTepHO gna npunaraTenbHbix, »npegcTaBnaro^ux 3HaneHue TeMnopanbHOH u noKaTuBHOH aTpu6yTUBH0CTu, Be^ecTBeHHoCTu, agieKTHBOB 06^ecTBeHH0-n0nuTuHecK0H u HaynHOH c$ep« (Pa3aH^Ba 2013: 11), cp.:
(yKp.) WpKa Koxa Ha3uearnmb «HaünbeiecbKimuM xydowHUKoM» (.ÍTepaTypHa yKpaÏHa, 20.06.2014) (CnoBOTBop^ícTb 2017: 257); Aje yeü HoMep ocoójueuü, «HaünoMbCbKÍrnuü», 6o eci 300 cmopiHoK üo^o duxammb noib^eK (yKpaÏHa Monoga, 70/2014) (CnoBOTBomcTb 2017: 258).
^T0 $0pM006pa30BaHue, KaK OTMenanocb, npuBoguT k HeKOTopMM u3MeHeHuaM CTpyKTypH cnoBa. npoucxoguT pacmupeHue ceMaHTunecKoro HanonHeHua cnoB u cy^eHue ux $yH^un b npaMOM 3HaneHuu, HacnoeHue nepeHOCHbix 3HaneHun, HTO npuBoguT k MogenupoBaHuro ^0TeH^uanbHbix CMbicnoBbix OTTeHKOB cnoBa. KaK BuguM, npunaraTenbHoe c noKaraBHbiM 3HaneHueM yKp. jbeiecbKuü b npo^c-ce 06pa30BaHua ^opMbi yKp. HaüibeiecbKimuü, geHCTBuTenbHO, nacTunHO TepaeT 3HaneHue 'npe6biBaro^uH bo .bBOBe' (He 06a3aTenbH0 HaxoguTca bo .bBOBe), ho noaBnaroTca HOBbie OTTeHKu 3HaneHua: 'cooTBeTCTByro^un 0C06eHH0CTaM .bBOBa b BMcmeH CTeneHu', 'TaKOH, KaK bo .bBOBe', 'TunuHHO nbBOBCKun', 'nbBOBCKun go ray6uhh gymu', hto cnoco6cTByeT aKTyanu3a^uu ero nono^u-TenbHOH o^hku. CnegoBaTenbHO, pacmupeHue ceMaHTunecKon CTpyKTypbi ^T0^0 npunaraTenbHoro npegonpegenaeT ero ucnonb30BaHue b hobmx KanecTBeHHbix 3HaneHuax, b nacTHOCTu u o^hohhmx, u3MeHaroTca rpaMMaranecKue npu3HaKu gaHHOH neKceMH, ogHaKO b coBpeMeHHMx cnoBapax OTcyTCTByroT cooTBeTCTBy-ro^ue yKa3aHua Ha B03M0®H0CTb nogo6Horo ynoTpe6neHua cnoB.
AHanu3 ^aKTunecKoro MaTepuana no3BonaeT KBanu$u^upoBaTb 3a$uKcu-poBaHHMe Mogenu KaK npoaBneHue coBpeMeHHMx TeHgeH^uH OKcroMopoHHoro $0pM006pa30BaHua. ,3,na coBpeMeHHOH yKpauHCKOH penu CTano BnonHe bo3-mo^ho 06pa30BaHue $opM CTeneHen cpaBHeHua ot npunaraTenbHbix: a) Kane-CTBeHHMx, Ha3HBaro^ux HerpagyupoBaHHMH npu3HaK (yKp. 6ocimuü, cninimuü), 6) OTHOcuTenbHMx (yKp. HaüibeiecbKimuü, HaüodecbKimuü), b) cno^Hbix (yKp. Haüsy6ocKajbHimuü, naüKomonK6nimuü), a TaK^e ot r) cy^ecTBuTenbHHx c nponycKOM CTaguu npunaraTenbHoro (yKp. nxmKimuü — ot finmKo, MocKanimuü — ot MocKajb, (pamucmimuü — ot fyamucm, naüemuMonosimuü — ot emuMonoé); g) npuTa^aTenbHbix MecTouMeHuH (yKp. meoïma, Hamimuü); e) Hapenun (yKp. aniHUHupKime, naenamme); Ha6nrogaeTca TaK^e TeHgeH^ua k yMeHbmeHuro nacTOTHOCTu ucnonb30BaHua aHanuranecKux $opM u k ynoTpe6neHuro cuHTeTu-necKux (goMuHaHTHMx gna yKpauHCKoro a3MKa) KOMnaparaBHbix $opM npunaraTenbHoro (yKp. KHimuü). 3a$uKcup0BaH0 TaK^e ynoTpe6neHue uccnegyeMbix $opM b TaBTonorunecKux cnoBOCOHeTaHuax (yKp. HaüemuMonoeiHHimuü 3 emuMonosie, 3 ycix AHÔpiïe HaüaHdpiüHimuü AHdpiü; nxmKimuü 3a caMozo HnmKd), HTO no3BonaeT nepegaTb MaKcuManbHyro CTeneHb npoaBneHua npu3HaKa u (npu Heo6xoguM0CTu b KOHKpeTHMx KOHTeKCTax) aKcuonorunecKue CMucnu.
- 92 --Slavia Centralis 1/2020
	 rpaMMamunecKue cpedcmea ModenupoeaHUR mponoe KaK npodyKmueHue ... 	
Peanu30BaHHbie Mogenu oTMenaroTca perynapHocTbro, Bocnpou3BogaT KaK Tpagu^uoHHyro rpaMMarunecKyro cTepeoTunHocTb, TaK u nopo^garoT cTepeoTunHocTb b MogenupoBaHuu gononHuTenbHbix cMbicnoB. CKa3aHHoe CBHgeTe^bCTByeT o ^opMHpoBaHHH cTaHgapTHbix Mogenen gna npoaBneHua nuHrB0KpeaTuBH0cTu, KoTopbie b a3biK0B0M co3HaHHH HaxogaTca Ha ypoBHe KorHHTHBHbix CTpyKTyp. HHH0Ba^H0HH0e $0pM00Öpa30BaHue aKTyanu3upyeTca önarogapa HaiHHHK nogoÖHbix ynoTpeöneHun KaK npe^geHTHbix, t. e. npocne^uBaeM npoaBneHue rpaMMaTHHecKon npe^geHTHocra (Cm. o6 ^T0M KocMega, XaniMaH 2013).
5 HeKCMKO-rpaMMaTMnecKMM okcwmopoh: npo^eccya^bHOCTb,
npoflo^^MTe^bHoeTb fleMCTBMa / ero npege^bHOCTb
ynoTpeöneHue neKcuKo-rpaMMaranecKoro oKcroMopoHa TaK^e CBa3aHo c $yH^u-oHHpoBaHHeM KaTeropHH Buga, b nacraocTu c BHgoBbiMH (^opMaMu, coneTaro^uMu npH3HaKH npo^ccyarnmcmb, npodonwumemnocmb deucmeux / e^o npedemnocmb. Bbipa^aa 3HaneHue coBepmeHHoro unu HecoBepmeHHoro Buga He Bce rnaronbi, KaK u3BecTHo, uMeroT cooTBeTcTByro^ue BugoBbie KoppenaTbi, to ecTb oöpa3yroT bu-goByro napy. rnaronbi, «oöo3HaHaro^ue gnuTenbHbie, HenpegenbHbie gencTBua u cocToaHua, He HanpaßneHbi Ha gocra^eHue cBoen BHyTpeHHen rpaHu^i, Booö^e He MoryT uMeTb cooTBeTCTBun coBepmeHHoro Buga» (BuxoBaHe^ 2004: 229), u, HaoöopoT — oTcyTcTBue y rnaronoB coBepmeHHoro Buga uMnep^eKTuBHux Kop-penaToB «oöycnoBneHo TeM, hto gencTBua u cocToaHua, umu o6o3HaneHHbie, He MoryT öbiTb npegcTaBneHH He^nocrao, npo^ccyanbHo» (BuxoBaHe^ 2004: 229). OnucaHue ogHoBugoBbix rnaronoB u ux Knaccu$uKa^ua npegcTaBneHbi b paöoTax KnaccuKoB nuHrBucTuKu — A. noTeÖHu, A. fflaxMaTOBa, B. BuHorpagoBa, a TaK^e b MHoronucneHHMx uccnegoBaHuax coBpeMeHHbix yneHbix.
^3mkoBegb HeogHoKpaTHo oTMenanu xapaKTepHyro gna c0BpeMeHH0H He-K0gu$u^up0BaHH0H penu npogyKTuBHyro KpeaTuBHocTb rnaronoB b co3gaHuu BugoBMx nap. ^T0 npoaBnaeTca, KaK oTMenaeT, HanpuMep, E. PeMHyK0Ba, «b nerKocTu u perynapHocTu 0Öpa30BaHua HecTaHgapTHbix nep^eKTuBHbix u oco-öeHHo uMnep^eKTuBHMx $opM, agarcrupyro^uxca k noTpeÖHocTaM c0BpeMeHH0H penu» (PeMHyKoBa 2003: 68). TaKue 0Öpa30BaHua 3anonHaroT rpaMMaranecKue naKyHM — oTcyTCTByro^ue BugoBbie napbi. E. PeMHyKoBa npumna k BbiBogy, hto npeogoneHue 0gH0Bug0B0H nep^eKTuBHocra öonee apKo Bbipa^aeTca b coBpe-MeHH0H penu u peanu3yeTca 3HanuTenbH0 na^e (PeMHyKoBa 2003: 76). y^eHbie TaK^e yTBep^garoT, hto «conpoTuBneHue neKcunecKoro MaTepuana Bcerga öygeT b KaK0H-T0 cTeneHu np0TuB0gencTB0Barb nonHoMy BoBneneHuro Bcex cnaBaHcKux rnaronoB b cucTeMy BugoBbix nap» (HcaneHKo 2003: 140). OgHaKo, KaK nognepKu-BaeT E. PeMHyKoBa, neKcuKo-ceMaHTunecKue orpaHuneHua Ha caM0M gene MeHee ^aTanbHM, neM npuHaTo cnuTarb (PeMHyKoBa 2003: 76).
TaKue $opMbi rpaMMaTunecKoro rnaronbHoro ynoTpeöneHua npuBneKaroT BHuMaHue b acneKTe aKTyanu3a^uu o^hohhmx cMbicnoB, ^opMupoBaHua no-no^uTenbHoH unu 0Tpu^TenbH0H ToHanbHocTu penu, ocoöon rpaMMaTuKanu-3a^uu KaTeropuu o^hku. Mogenupya 0KKa3u0HanbHbie $opMbi, roBopa^un cTpeMuTca npuBnenb BHuMaHue k gencTBuro, Ha3BaHH0My rnaronoM. rpaMMaTu-necKaa HeoöbiHHocTb ^opMbi, onpegeneHHaa ee ucKa^eHHocTb npegycMaTpuBaeT
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Oksana Vladimirovna Khaliman
OTpu^TenbHyro o^HKy gencTBua, Ha3BaHHoro H0B006pa30BaHHeM. KoMMyHu-KaHTH aKTyanroupyroT ^0TeH^HanbHbIe, ho noKa e^e He peanu3OBaHHbie u He o6^enpuHaTbie b a3HKe BugoBbie $opMbi, Hanp.:
(yKp.) — AöpaMe! Kawymb, ^o mu wueew 3 Moem Capon. — OduH pa3 wueHye, a ewe
Kawymb: wueew (HiTepaTypHa yKpaiHa, 9/12, C. 4) (Henroöa, PegbKo 2014: 146).
B cnoBape A. Henro6bi u E. PegbKO npegcTaBneHO 3HaneHue H0B006pa30BaHua — '0gH0pa30B0CTb gencTBua (npo^cca), Ha3BaHHoro rnaronoM wumu'. OgHOBu-goBon rnaron HecoBepmeHHoro Buga wumu, KaK BuguM, «npuMepaeT» cy$$uKc -Hy-, HMeroqHH 3HaneHue eguHUHHoro BHe3anHoro gencTBua, b pe3ynbTaTe nero rnaron o6peTaeT nepeHocHoe 3HaneHue. Bbipa^eHue o^hkh TaKHMH ^opMaMu Bocnpou3BoguTca HenocnegoBaTenbHo: roBopa^un MO^eT npegycMaTpuBaTb Bbipa^eHue cMogenupoBaHHon ^opMon o^hohhmx cMbicnoB unu He npegycMaTpuBaTb. HanpuMep, c ogHon cTopoHbi, b npuBegeHHOM BHme npuMepe mo^ho npoTHBonocTaBHTb 3HaneHHe rnaronbHbix $opM wumu KaK gnuTenbHoe, nono-^HTenbHoe gencTBue u wueHymu KaK egHHHHHoe (Henpogon^uTenbHoe) u b cbh3h c ^THM OTpu^TenbHO MapKupoBaHHoe. OgHaKo, c gpyron ctopohh, TaKOH oKKa3HoHanH3M Mo^eT yKa3HBaTb TonbKo Ha Henpogon^uTenbHocTb gencTBua.
B ocHoBe co3gaHua ^0TeH^HanbH0H BugoBon napbi b npo^cce ^ep$eKTHBa^HH $opM imperfectiva tantum npoucxoguT nepeocMbicneHue HenpegenbHoro rnarona KaK npegenbHoro (PeMnyKOBa 2005: 168). CooTBeTCTByro^ee o6paTHoe nepeocMbic-neHue npoucxoguT u b npo^cce HM^ep$eKTHBa^HH ogHOBugoBbix rnaronoB. Bug, KaK yTBep^gaeT r. 3onoToBa, — ^T0 «rpaMMaranecKaa KaTeropua, Bbipa^aro^aa cnoco6, kotophm roBopa^un nepegaeT cBoe ogHoMoMeHTHoe nu6o gnuTenbHoe BocnpuaTue npegHKaTHBHoro npu3HaKa» (3onoToBa 2002: 27).
B npo^cce $0pM006pa30BaHua BugoBbix KoppenaToB ot ogHOBugoBbix rnaronoB roBopa^un nHTaeTca npegcTaBHTb gnuTenbHoe gencTBue KaK ogHoMoMeHTHoe unu Hao6opoT, hto b cnynae HecooTBeTcTBuu c TpagH^HOHHOH peanH3a^HeH b penu conpoBO^gaeTca o^hkoh, na^e OTpu^TenbHOH, Hanp.:
(yKp.) — Tu nodyMae? — W,e nodyMym... — nodyMye eiH; — Oü! A x... A öaeaüme öaxHeMo
3a 3HaüoMcmeo! — Ta x dyMam, ni3Ho ywe ßaxamu! (3 po3M. MOBn.).
Hcnonb3OBaHHHH b nocnegHeM npuMepe rnaron yKp. öaxHymu (b 3HaneHuu pyc. 'BHnuTb') o6mhho ^yH^uoHupyeT b $opMe coBepmeHHoro Buga. Mogenupya $opMy HecoBepmeHHoro Buga, oguH u3 co6ecegHHKOB npeBpa^aeT orpaHuneHHoe npegenoM ^nocraoe gencTBue b gencTBue, He o6nagaro^ee ^THM npu3HaKOM u, KaK cnegcTBue, Bbipa^aeT k HeMy cBoe OTpu^TenbHoe oTHomeHue. YnoTpe-6naa OKKa3HOHanbHbie BugoBbie $opMbi, roBopa^ue nacTO HpoHH3HpyMT Hag cbohmh gencTBuaMu: (yKp.) H saewöu e ^bOMy Micmi nonmam saÓMyKyeamu (3 po3M. MOBn.). TaKue 06pa30BaHua cBa3aHH c nepeocMbicneHueM npegenbHoro rnarona KaK HenpegenbHoro gna peanH3a^HH KOHKpeTHHx KOMMyHHKaTHBHHx HHTeH^HH. npuBegeHHHe HeMHoronucneHHbie npuMepbi co cnoBapen coBpeMeH-hhx HHH0Ba^HH u coBpeMeHHon pa3r0B0pH0H penu cBugeTenbcTByMT 0 tom, hto uccnegyeMaa Mogenb TonbKo ^opMupyeTca Ha c0BpeMeHH0M ^Ta^e u xapaKTepu-3yeTca hh3koh nacTOTHocTbro ynoTpe6neHua.
- 94 --Slavia Centralis 1/2020
	 rpaMMamunecKue cpedcmea ModenupoeaHUR mponoe KaK npodyKmueHue ... 	
6 ßblBOflbl
KraK, B COBpeMeHHOH yKpauHCKOH penn Ha6gwgaeTCa aKTuBHoe npoaBgeHue gHHrBOKpeaTHBHOCTH, HTO, B HaCTHOCTu, peagu3yeTCa B MOgegnpOBaHHH geK-
CHKO-rpaMMaTHHeCKHX OKCWMOpOHOB - 0KKa3u0HagbHHX $opM, 0Öpa30BaHHe
KOTOpblX n03B0gaeT a3biK0BbiM 3HaKaM BbmOgHaTb HOBbie $yH^uu u BHpa^aTb HOBbie CMbic^bi. KpoMe Toro, TaKuM 0Öpa30M 0^H0HHbie 3HaneHHa o6peTawT HHMe cnocoÖH Bbipa^eHua.
Bo3HHKaM^ee b npo^CCe KpeaTuBHoro 06pa30BaHua onpegegeHHbix rpaM-MaTHHeCKHX $OpM (geKCuKO-rpaMMaTuHeCKOrO OKCWMOpOHa) HeCOOTBeTCTBHe rpaMMaTHnecKoro 3HaHeHua geKCuHeCKOMy HanogHeHuw pemaeTCa b nOgb3y KOMMyHUKa^uu — 06pa30BaHHaa $opMa Bbipa^aeT nparnaraHeCKue CMbiCgbi, b nacTHOCTH u 0^H0HHbie. TaKue M0gu$uKa^uu CBHgeTegbCTByMT O MHororpaH-
HOCTH a3biK0BbiX 3HaKOB U Cn0C06CTByWT pa3BHTHM a3biK0B0H CuCTeMH. ÜC060H
npOH3BOguTegbHOCTbM b cucTeMe onuCaHHbix TunoB OTguHaroTCa 06pa30BaHua MHO^ecTBeHHHx $opM CuHrygaTuBOB u KpeaTUBHHx $opM CTeneHen cpaBHeHua.
H3ynaa HOBbie aBgeHua COBpeMeHHOrO yKpauHCKOrO a3HKa, He CgegyeT OrpaHUHUBaTbca K0HCTaTa^ueH HapymeHua Cgo^uBmuxCa guTepaTypHbix HOpM. KpOMe TOrO, yHuTHBaa perygapHyw B0Cnp0u3B0guM0CTb, OHeBugHO, HeyMecTHO yTBep^gaTb O HapymeHuu a3biKOBbix HOpM, HaO6OpOT, He06x0guM0 gOnOgHuTb guHrBHCTHHecKyro guTepaTypy OnucaHuaMu hobhx $yH^un a3biKOBbix eguHu^ KOMMeHTapuaMu o c^e^u$uKe nopo^gaeMbix 3HaHeHuM, $aKTe C03gaHua hobhx npamaranecKux HOpM. Bo3HuKaeT n0Tpe6H0CTb b K0gu$uKa^uu C00TBeTCTBy-w^ux TeHgeH^uH b rpaMMaTuKax yKpauHCKoro a3HKa, $uKca^uu u o6iacHeHuu
HOBHX CeMaHTuHeCKuX OTTeHKOB B geKCHKOrpa^HHeCKHX uCTOHHuKaX, HTO, KaK
npegcTaBgaeTca, aKTyagbHO u gga guCKypCuBHOH npaKTuKu gpyrux CgaBaHCKux
a3HK0B.
B nepCneKTuBe ngaHupyeM npogog^uTb aHagu3 rpaMMaTuHeCKux CpegCTB MogegupoBaHua TponoB gga C03gaHua ^goCTHon Teopuu rpaMMaTuKu o^hku.
^HTEPATyPA
^MHTpHH hoch^obhh APEATCKHH, 1972: MH0^eCTBeHH0e HuCgo runepóoguneCRoe. Pye. X3. e wk. 5, 91-96.
David BENNETT, 2013: Grammaticalisation, Lexicalisation, and Frequency: Evidence from Clitics. Slavia Centralis 6/2, 6-19.
BuKTop BgagHMHpoBHH BHHOrPA^OB, 2001: PyccKUü m3uk: rpaMMamunecKoe yneHue o cnoee. MoCKBa: BbiCm. mK.
iBaH BHXOBAHE^L>, KaTepuHa rOPO^EHCBKA, 2004: TeopemuHHa Mop$ono^iR yKpaïHCbKoïMoeu: ÄKadeM. ^paMamuKayKp. Moeu. Khïb: Yhíb. Bug-BO «nygbCapu».
KpuHa EopuCOBHa rOHYE, 2003: CmunucmuKa coepeMeHHo^o pyccKo^o x.3biKa. MoCKBa: AMpuC-npeCC.
Mmepamypo3Haenuu cnoeHUK-doeiÓHUK, 2007. Peg. PoMaH rpoM'aK, WpiM KoBagiB, BaCugb TepeMKO. Kuïb: Bug. ^HTp «AKageMia».
HwgMuga BogoguMupiBHa ^EHHA, 2016: Cyô'eKmueHa ma oô'eKmueHa o^HKa e yKpaïH-cbKOMy ^odeHHUKoeoMy ducKypci: ducepma^x. nogTaBa.
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Oksana Vladimirovna Khaliman
neTpo flyflHK, 2006: npo cTugicTuqm napaMeTpu rpaMaTU^HUx KaTeropifi i rpaMaTU^-hhx 3Ha^eHb iMeHHUKa. AKmyaxbHi npo6neMu docxidweHHx ^paMamuKu ma xeKcuKOxo^ii. BiHHU^a: B^ny iM. M. Ko^K>6uHCbKoro. 10-17.
CBiTgaHa EopuciBHa 3ABA.HIH, 2015: Tunono^ix okcumopohhux cuHma^M y noe3ii ^py^oi noxoeuHu XX - nonamKy XXI cmonimmx: aemopefiepam. KuI'b.
AHgpefi AHaTogbeBU^ 3A.HH3H.3K, 1977: rpaMMamunecKuu cxoeapb pyccKO^o x3UKa: Cxoeou.3MeHeHue. MocKBa: PyccKufi a3biK.
raguHa AgeKcaHgpoBHa 3O.HOTOBA, 2002: KaTeropua BpeMeHU u Buga c to^kh 3peHua TeKCTa. Bonpocu x3UKo3HaHux 3, 8-29.
AgeKcaHgp BacugbeBuq HCA^EHKO, 2003: rpaMMamunecKuu cmou pyccKO^o x3UKa e conocmaexeHuu co cxoeayKuM: Mop(oxo^ux. MocKBa: #3biKU cgaBaHcKofi KygbTypbi.
OKcaHa MuxafigiBHa KA.HHTA, 2013: 3aco6u ipoHii e Maxiu nposi (KiHeyb XX- nonamoK XXI cmoximmx). Khib: BugaBHU^TBo Hny iMeHi M. n. ^paroMaHoBa.
^aHHa BacugiBHa KO.HOI3, 2007: VKpaiHCbKa oKa3ioHaxbHa depueayix. Khib: Ak^ht.
TeTaHa AHaTogil'BHa KOCME^A, OKcaHa BogoguMupiBHa XA.HIMAH, 2013: MBU^e npe-^geHTHocTi b acneKTi rpaMaTUKu o^hku (Ha npuKgagi aHagi3y rpaMaTU^Horo 3Ha^eHHa MUHygoro qacy). fliH^eicmunHi cmydii 26, 36-40.
CBeTgaHa ^KoBgeBHa MAKAPOBA, 1982: 3Ha^eHue u $yH^ua UMeHU co6cTBeHHoro, ynoTpe6geHHoro bo MHo^ecTBeHHoM qucge. fleKcuKa u cxoeoo6pasoeaHuepyccKO^o xsbiKa. Pa3aHb: Pa3. opg. «3HaK no^eTa» roc. neg. uhct. 56-60.
.Hk>6ob iBaHiBHa MA^L>KO, Ogeca MuxafigiBHa CH^OPEHKO, OKcaHa MuxafigiBHa MA^L>KO, 2005: CmuxicmuKa yKpaiHCbKoiMoeu. Khib: Bu^a mKoga.
AHaTogifi HEHMEA, GBreH PE^BKO, 2014. fleKcuKo-cxoeomeipHi iHHoeayii. 2012-2013: cxobhuk. XapKiB: XapK. icT.-^igog. t-bo.
Eopuc Wctuhobu^ HOPMAH, 2006: H^pa Ha ^paHxx x3UKa. MocKBa: OguHTa: HayKa.
CBeTgaHa BuKTopoBHa nHBOBAPOBA, 2009: fleKcuKaxusayux (opM MH0wecmeeHH0^0 nucxa uMeH cy^ecmeumexbHux e coepeMeHHOM pyccKOM x3UKe (e acneKme aHaxusa ux KOHyenmHbix 3HaneHuu): aemopefiepam. EapHayg.
HcaaK Hocu^obu^ PEB3HH, 1969: TaK Ha3biBaeMoe «HeMapKupoBaHHoe MHo^ecTBeHHoe qucgo» b coBpeMeHHoM a3bKe. Bonpocu x3UKo3HaHux 3, 102-109.
EgeHa HuKogaeBHa PEM^yKOBA, 2005: KpeamueHuu nomeHyuax pyccKou ^paMMamuKu. MocKBa: H3g-Bo Py^H.
—, 2003: ^OTeH^uag KaTeropuu Buga b gucKypce. BecmHuK PYffH, Cepux «flu^eucmu-Ka» 4, 67-80.
^ap'a PM3AH^EBA, 2011: nopymeHHa HopMU npu cTyneHKrnaHHi npuKMeTHUKiB. Kyxb-mypa cxoea 74, 73-74.
--, 2013: npuKMemHuK cynacHoi yKpaiHcbKoi Moeu y euMipax ^paMamuKu oyiHKu: duc-
epmayix. XapKiB.
Cxoeomeopnicmb HesaxewHoi YKpamu, 2012-2016; cxobhuk, 2017. yKg. AHaTogifi Hegro6a, GBreH PegbKo. XapKiB: XapKiBcbKe icTopuKo-i^igogormHe ToBapucTBo.
BiKTopia rpuropiBHa CyXEHKO, 2017: MoBHa KapTUHa cBiTy yKpal'H^B Kpi3b npu3My oKcuMopoHa. Science and Education a New Dimension, Philology V 34/124, 72-75.
rygbmaT AxMaTxaHoBHa XAHPyT^HHOBA, 2009: ^cmemunecKue pecypcu Mop(oxo-^unecKux cpedcme pyccKO^o x3UKa: aemopefiepam. Ka3aHb.
- 96 --Slavia Centralis 1/2020
- rpaMMamunecKue cpedcmea ModenupoeaHUR mponoe KaK npodyKmueHue ... -
OKcaHa BogogHMHpiBHa XAHIMAH, 2019: rpaMamuKa o^HKU: Mop$ono^i^m Kame^opii yKpamcbKo'iMoeu. XapKiB: MafigaH.
--, 2010: Mop$ono^i^m 3aco6u eupa^eHHR Kame^opli o^hku e cynacmu yKpamcbKiu
Moei: pid i uucno: ducepma^n. XapKiB.
iBaH TpHropoBH^ ^EPE^HH^EHKO, 1962: Hapucu 3 3a^aMbHoi cmunicmuKu cyuacHoi yKpaiHCbKoiMoeu. Khib: Pag. mKoga.
SLOVNIČNA SREDSTVA OBLIKOVANJA TROPOV KOT PRODUKTIVNI PREDSTAVNIKI OCENJENIH VREDNOSTI V SODOBNEM UKRAJINSKEM JEZIKU: LEKSIKALNO-SLOVNIČNI OKSIMORON
Članek predstavlja izbrane vidike slovničnega vrednotenja, in sicer značilnosti oblikovanja leksikalno-slovničnih oksimoronov za izražanje aksioloških pomenskih odtenkov vrednosti v ukrajinskem jeziku.
Delovanje leksikalno-slovničnega oksimorona temelji na modeliranju oksimoronskih slovničnih oblik. V postopku take tvorbe pride do nezdružljivosti slovničnega pomena oblike in leksikalnega pomena, do notranjega kontrasta med formo in preostalim obrazcem. V procesu funkcijskega besedišča v ne-moči za nekatere besedne oblike nastane učinek slovnične podobe. Zvočnik zapolni določene jezikovne vrzeli zaradi pomanjkanja pripravljenih orodij v sistemu, kar ga privede do pogojne idealnosti. Tako se uresničuje jezikovna sposobnost za uspešno izvajanje določene komunikacijske situacije.
Za mehanizme tvorbe jezikovnih enot na podlagi nasprotujoče si združljivosti leksikalne in slovnične semantike so značilni: edninskost - množinskost, množina - ednina, brezstopenjska značilnost - stopnja izražanja značilnosti, postopek in trajanje aktivnosti - njegove omejitve, ki je povezana z ustvarjalnim oblikovanjem slovničnega pomena števila, slovničnega pomena vrste in tudi s tvorjenjem oblik stopenj primerjave. Analizirane oblike izražajo sekundarne pragmatične pomene, zlasti vrednotenjske. Za posebno uspešen način izražanja med vrstami, najdenimi v sodobnem ukrajinskem jeziku, sta značilna oblikovanje občasnih množinskih oblik in ustvarjalno modeliranje oblik stopenj primerjave.
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