150 arhitektov bilten • architect's bulletin • 224 • 225 • 226 • 227 Arhitektura. Skulptura. Spomin. / Architecture. Sculpture. Remembrance. 28_ GARAVICE, BIHAĆ, 1981 Bogdan Bogdanović BIH Spominski park žrtev fašističnega nasilja Garavice • Bihać, Bosna in Hercegovina • Arhitekt: Bogdan Bogdanović • Material: beton, železo, baker, kamen • Status: državni spomenik BiH • Fotografije: Boris Trapara • Besedilo: Boris Trapara Memorial park for the victims of fascist terror Garavice • Bihać, Bosnia and Herzegovina • Architect: Bogdan Bogdanović • Material: concrete, iron, copper, stone • Status: state monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina • Photographs: Boris Trapara • Text: Boris Trapara 151arhitektov bilten • architect's bulletin • 224 • 225 • 226 • 227 razstava / exhibition Spominski park žrtev fašističnega nasilja Garavice je posvečen civilnim žrtvam narodnoosvobodilne vojne iz Bihaća in okolice. Urejen je na dveh grobiščih, kjer počiva med 7.000 in 12.000 žrtev, ubitih v množičnem poboju leta 1941. Spomin- sko ploščo so na Garavicah postavili že leta 1949. Načrti za zgraditev monumental- nega spominskega kompleksa, za katerega je dala pobudo Občina Bihać, pa so nastali leta 1969. Spominski park, ki ga je zasnoval arhitekt Bogdan Bogdanović, je bil svečano odprt 27. julija 1981. Sestavlja ga 15 kipov, razporejenih na dveh loka- cijah. V prvi skupini je trinajst enakih: vsak obsega 5 m2, visok je 6 m, njegove di- menzije se proti vrhu manjšajo. Kipi so razporejeni po hribu, med njimi se vije steza, ki sledi obliki terena. Pot ima dva slepa konca, ki simbolizirata smrt. Druga skupina z dvema kipoma, od prve oddaljena približno en kilometer, stoji ob magi- stralni cesti. Obiskovalec k njej dostopa z vznožja hriba, na katerem je prva skupi- na. S steze, ki glede na teren upočasnjuje ali pospešuje ritem hoje, se postopno odkrivajo pogledi na okolico. Sestavni del pogleda je vedno eden od kipov – keno- tafov. Kompleks je zapletena kiparska, arhitekturna in krajinska rešitev z univerzal- nimi simboli sonca, planetov in lune. Spominski park žrtev fašističnega nasilja Garavice je državni spomenik Bosne in Hercegovine in ima najvišjo stopnjo prav- nega varstva. Trenutno fizično stanje celote pa je slabo: posamezne kenotafe so poškodovale granate, drugi so porisani z grafiti. Spominski park ni vzdrževan, je zapuščen, dostopno pot je zaraslo zelenje. Posebno ogrožena sta kipa ob magi- stralni cesti, saj je v neposredni bližini spomenika deponija gradbenega materiala. Spominski park obiskujejo tako turisti kot lokalni prebivalci. Kompleks je razmero- ma varen za obisk in lahko dostopen iz centra Bihaća. Memorial park for the victims of fascist terror Garavice is dedicated to civilian victims of People’s Liberation War from Bihać and its vicinity. It is laid out on two burial sites of the mass execution, with between 7,000 and 12,000 victims execut- ed in 1941 having found their final resting place here. A memorial plaque was in- stalled in Garavice as early as 1949 while the plans for the erection of a monu- mental memorial complex, initiated by Municipality of Bihać, were drafted in 1969. The grand opening for the memorial park designed by architect Bogdan Bogdanović was held on 27th July 1981. The memorial park comprises 15 statues arranged on two sites. The first group features thirteen identical ones - each oc- cupies an area of 5 sqm, rises 6 m in height, and contracts somewhat towards the top. They are arranged on the hill and there is a footpath following the terrain relief meandering between them. The trail has two dead ends, which symbolise death. The other group with two statues, located about one kilometre away, is placed next to a major road. Visitors access it from the base of the hill hosting the first group. From the footpath, which slows down or speeds up the pace of walk- ing according to the terrain, the views of the surroundings gradually open with one of the two statues - cenotaphs - being a constituent part of every view. The complex is an intricate sculptural, architectural, and landscape solution with uni- versal symbolism of the Sun, the planets, and the Moon. Memorial park for the victims of fascist terror Garavice is a state monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina and enjoys the highest degree of legal protection. The current physical state of repair is poor on the whole: some of the cenotaphs had been damaged by gre- nade fire, others are covered in graffiti. The memorial park is not maintained, and the access path has been overgrown with greenery. The two statues by the main road are particularly endangered as there is a construction waste disposal in the immediate vicinity of the monument. The memorial park is visited by tourists and the local population. The complex is relatively safe to visit and easily accessible from the centre of Bihać.