5352 KB0 KB201320252022Brinovar, IztokPavlin, TadejPraunseis, ZdravkoStergar, Bojanletnik:15številka:iss. 1str. 51-65COBISSID_HOST:116407555ISSN:1855-5748URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-BACX8DALenFakulteta za energetikoJET on-lineJournal of energy technologycarbon footprintcutting inspectiondecrease in production emissionsdefectsductile irongreen energyhidden mistakesinclusionnodularna litinaogljični odtisokvareporosityporoznostpregled rezanjareduced production of energyrentgenski pregledskrite napakevključenostX-ray inspectionzelena energijazmanjšana proizvodnja energijezmanjšanje proizvodnih emisijReducing carbon footprint in an oem supply chain caused by inadequate interpretation of x-ray results of hidden defects in ductile iron castings| Zmanjšanje ogljičnega odtisa v dobavni verigi oem-ov zaradi neustrezne interpretacije rezultatov rtg skritih napak v nodularni litini|In the global market, the casting industry recorded a growth trend for ductile iron last year. Ductile iron is used due to its excellent mechanical properties, machinability and castability. The microstructure of nodular cast iron consists of a metal matrix and graphite extruded in the form of beads and nodules. In recent years, the production of ductile iron castings has increased significantly for parts for heavy transport vehicles and containers for permanent disposal of nuclear waste, and it is expected that this trend of expansion will continue for at least the next twenty years. When poured in sand moulds, the quality of products can not be reached. There can be defects on the raw surface and/or on the machining surface, as well as hidden defects inside the material. For casting products, defects can be detected on raw and machining surfaces and inside material defects by carrying out a visual inspection. The results of the inspection depend on the inspection method used. In general, basic methods of cutting or milling inspection are used in the casting industry, which means that products are classified in terms of whether or not they meet the drawing specification(s). The authors of this paper focused on the hidden defects inside ductile iron material, which can be detected by carrying out a cutting or milling inspection or through an X-ray inspection. Huge amounts of energy and energy sources are used in the production of nodular cast iron, which creates a negative environmental footprint. Therefore, by being preventively rational and through appropriate control procedures it is possible to significantly reduce the carbon footprintV livarski industriji se v zadnjih letih na svetovnem trgu soočajo s trendom rasti uporabe nodularne litine. Nodularna litina se uporablja zaradi zelo dobrih mehanskih lastnosti, dobre obdelovalnosti in dobre ulivne sposobnosti. Mikrostruktura nodularnega litine je sestavljena iz kovinske matrice in grafita, ekstrudiranega v obliki kroglic, nodul. V zadnjih letih se je močno povečala proizvodnja nodularnih litin za dele, kot so težka transportna vozila, zabojnike za trajno odlaganje jedrskih odpadkov in pričakujemo, da se bo ta trend širitve nadaljeval vsaj naslednjih dvajset let, ker gre za naj boljši približek jeklu. V litrski industriji je bilo splošno znano, da pri vlivanju v pesek nikoli ne dosežemo 100% kakovosti izdelkov, lahko so prisotne napake na surovi površini, na obdelovalni površini ali minimalno vedno lahko prisotne skrite napake znotraj materiala. Pri izdelku za ulivanje lahko z vizualnim pregledom zaznamo napake na surovi in obdelovalni površini ter notranjo napako v materialu, odvisno je le, na kateri način pregleda dobimo rezultat pregleda. V splošnih primerih industrije litja lahko uporabimo osnovne metode pregleda rezanja ali struženja. To pomeni, da so izdelki v skladu s specifikacijo risbe ali ne. V članku je raziskava osredotočena na skrite napake v notranjosti nodularne litine, ki jih je mogoče odkriti z rezalnim ali rezkalnim pregledom ali z rentgenskim pregledom. Pri izdelavi nudularne litine se uporabi izredno veliko energije in energentov zato imamo prisoten tudi velik pečat odličnega odtisa na okolje v negativnem smislu. Zato smo lahko preventivno racionalni z ustreznimi kontrolnimi postopki in lahko bistveno znižamo ogljični odtisTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of SloveniaUniverza v Mariboru, Fakulteta za energetiko