993 KB43 KB196520252013Flere, Sergejštevilka:1letnik:50str. 116-131, 261-262ISSN:0040-3598URN:0040-3598COBISSID:31867741slFakulteta za sociologijo, politične vede in novinarstvo v LjubljaniTeorija in praksaBroz, Josip, 1892-1980communismdržavaEnostrankarski sistemiFederalismFederalizemideologijaJugoslavijakomunizemOne-party systemspoliticspolitikastateTotalitarianismTotalitarizemYugoslaviaTitova država| "totalitarna"?| ob sodbi ustavnega sodišča|In 2011 the Constitutional Court of Slovenia designated the entire political order during 1945-1990, the period of 'Tito's Yugoslavia', as 'totalitarian', without limitations as to time or to substance in its qualification; according to this judgment, it also prohibited the use of Tito's name in nominating new streets in Slovenia. The Constitutional Court did not invoke any systematic treatments of totalitarianism, nor did it analyse this phenomenon and its presence in the time period referred to. One cannot deny that in 1945 Yugoslavia was established predominantly as a totalitarian state. However, this paper denies that the order in Yugoslavia after the 1960s was totalitarian, and in particular not with respect to any of the elements laid down by Carl Friedrich and Zbigniew Brzezinski in their classic study (1956). In Yugoslavia during the 1960s, e.g. millions of copies of religious materials were freely published annually, economic firms did not operate within a non-monetary planned economy; although the political system was officially a one-party one, republics (as of 1971 also provinces) acted as autonomous political entities, taking care of their interests and conflicting mutually. Although Tito was appointed president with a life mandate and his cult proliferated, his actual power was limited by the federal nature of the state and opposing federal units. Also, with respect to no other elements noted by the authors there is no reason for Yugoslavia to be designated a totalitarian state as of the middle of the 1960sUstavno sodišče Slovenije je leta 2011 označilo celotno ureditev 1945-1990, obdobje 'Titove Jugoslavije', za 'totalitarno', brez časovnih ali vsebinskih omejitev svoje kvalifikacije; po tej presoji je tudi prepovedalo uporabo Titovega imena v zvezi z imenovanjem novih ulic v Sloveniji. Ustavno sodišče se ni sklicevalo na sistematične obravnave totalitarizma, ni analiziralo tega pojava in njegove navzočnosti v obravnavanem časovnem obdobju. Ni mogoče zanikati, da je bila Jugoslavija leta 1945 oblikovana pretežno kot totalitarna država. Pričujoča obravnava zanika, da bi bila ureditev v Jugoslaviji od sredine 60. let totalitarna, praktično glede nobenega izmed elementov, ki jih podata Carl Friedrich in Zbigniew Brzezinski v svoji klasični študiji o totalitarizmu iz leta 1956. V Jugoslaviji je v 60. letih npr. dokaj svobodno izhajalo več milijonov primerkov verskega tiska na leto; gospodarska podjetja niso funkcionirala v okviru naturalnega planskega gospodarstva; politična ureditev je sicer uradno bila enostrankarska, vendar so republike (od leta 1971 tudi pokrajini) delovale kot avtonomni politični sistemi, ki so skrbeli za svoje interese ter se med seboj spopadali. Čeprav je bil Tito imenovan za predsednika s stalnim mandatom in čeprav se je gojil njegov kult, je bila njegova oblast omejena s federalnim značajem države in z zoperstavljenimi članicami federacije. Tudi glede nobenega izmed preostalih elementov, ki jih navajata avtorja, ni razlogov, da bi se od sredine 60. let naprej Jugoslavijo označilo kot totalitarno državoTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of SloveniaUniverza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za družbene vede