50 KB242 KB48 KB200220262012Rajgelj, Barbaraštevilka:1letnik:51str. 43-52ISSN:0351-0026COBISSID:30995293URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-GXD4LGPDslInštitut za varovanje zdravja Republike SlovenijeZdravstveno varstvoČlovekove praviceHealth insuranceHuman rightsLegal sourcesMedical carePravni viriZdravstveno varstvoZdravstveno zavarovanjeVpliv delovnopravnega, državljanskega in družinskopravnega statusa na neenako obravnavo v zdravstvenem zavarovanju| The effects of labour, citizenship and family status on the unequal treatment in health insurance|Background: Right to health care is a human right, which should - because of its universal status - belong to an individual regardless of his or her personal circumstances. In the legislative process different systems provide different criteria for accessibility and funding of this right. In doing so, one can observe how respective social priorities affect inclusion and exclusion of beneficiaries of health care on the ground of their legal status. Methods: This article is based on analysis and interpretation of primary and secondary sources, particularly national and international legal acts regarding constitutional right to health care, health care and health insurance, employment and family relations and the law of aliens. Results: As the enjoyment of the right of health insurance depends on an individual's labour, citizenship and family status, the users of health care are treated unequally. The legislation is based on the assumption that work is normally performed in the form of an employment relationship. In modern times, however, atypical forms of work are on the rise and therefore health insurance rights are thus differently available to different persons of the same actual but different legal status. The rights of persons, who are not insured on the basis of a labour status, are subsidiary tied to family relations and their enforcement thus also depends on whether the person is married, living in a de facto union, same-sex partnership or is single. Nevertheless, right to health insurance is affected also by citizenship and different kinds of foreignness. Conclusion: Despite objective of universal health insurance coverage of all inhabitants, a growing number of inhabitants remain without basic health insurance. The most vulnerable are foreigners without permanent residence, self-employed persons and their family members, registered and unregistered same-sex partners, single persons and children in the reorganized familiesUvod: Pravica do zdravstvenega varstva je človekova pravica, ki naj bi zaradi svoje univerzalnosti posamezniku pripadla neodvisno od osebnih okoliščin. Pri zakonodajni konkretizaciji različni sistemi določijo različna merila za dostopnost in financiranje te pravice, pri čemer se vsakokratne družbene prioritete kažejo pri vključevanju in izključevanju upravičencev do zdravstvenih storitev glede na njihov pravni status. Metode: Prispevek temelji na analizi in interpretaciji primarnih in sekundarnih virov, zlasti notranjih in mednarodnih pravnih virov s področja ustavnega varstva pravice do zdravja, zdravstvenega varstva in zavarovanja, delovnih in družinskih razmerij ter prava tujcev. Rezultati: Ker je uživanje pravic iz zdravstvenega zavarovanja odvisno od delovnopravnega položaja, državljanskega statusa in od družinskih razmerij, so uporabniki zdravstvenega varstva neenako obravnavani. Zakonodaja predpostavlja, da se delo opravlja v obliki delovnega razmerja, a v sodobnem času so vse pogostejše atipične oblike dela, zato so pravice iz zdravstvenega zavarovanja osebam v enakih dejanskih in različnih pravnih položajih dostopne pod neenakimi pogoji. Pravice oseb, ki niso zavarovane na osnovi delovnopravnega statusa, se subsidiarno vežejo na razmerja v družini, zato je njihovo uveljavljanje odvisno tudi od tega, ali je oseba v zakonski zvezi, zunajzakonski skupnosti, istospolni partnerski skupnosti ali samska. Nenazadnje na pravico do zdravstvenega zavarovanja vpliva tudi državljanstvo in različne oblike tujskosti. Zaključek: Kljub izhodišču o univerzalni vključenosti vseh prebivalcev v zdravstveno zavarovanje, vedno večje število prebivalcev ostaja brez osnovnega zdravstvenega zavarovanja. Med njimi so najbolj ranljivi tujci brez stalnega prebivališča, samozaposlene osebe in njihovi družinski člani, registrirani in neregistrirani istospolni partnerji, samski ter otroci v reorganiziranih družinahTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of SloveniaInštitut za varovanje zdravja RS