484 KB0 KB196520252025Hafner, MihaTekavčič Veber, Marušaštevilka:3letnik:62str. 527-556ISSN:0040-3598DOI:10.51936/tip.62.3.527COBISSID_HOST:254447875URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-RK5USBWEslFakulteta za družbene vedeTeorija in praksaAgresija (mednarodno pravo)Directive on asset recovery and confiscation, asset confiscation, reparationsDirective on the definition of criminal offences and penalties for the violation of Union restrictive measuresDirektiva o opredelitvi kaznivih dejanj in sankcij za kršitev omejevalnih ukrepov UnijeDirektiva o povrnitvi in odvzemu sredstev, zaseg premoženja, reparacijeEUEuropean UnionEvropska unijaKazensko pravoomejevalni ukrepirestrictive measuresSankcije (mednarodno pravo)Kršitev omejevalnih ukrepov Evropske unije kot "evropsko kaznivo dejanje" in zaseg zasebnega premoženja za zagotovitev reparacij Ukrajini|In response to the situation in Ukraine, the EU has adopted a series of restrictive measures against Russia to ensure compliance with its international legal obligations, including the need to provide reparations for the damage its aggression has caused. The article analyses the recently adopted Directive on the definition of criminal offences and penalties for the violation of Union restrictive measures along with the Directive on asset recovery and confiscation. These instruments harmonise the definition of violations and circumventions of EU restrictive measures as a “European criminal offence” under Article 83 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) and establish sanctions for them, including the confiscation of assets and possible transfer of those assets to Ukraine. Until now, this area was regulated by the Member States and their respective national laws, which have encompassed a range of civil, administrative and criminal sanctions for breaching the restrictive measures. The new framework seeks to unify Member States’ legislation with a view to making it more effective and preventing the EU’s sanctions from being circumvented. Yet, at the same time it appears that the EU is utilising the mechanisms of criminal law to further the Union’s political and economic interests, encompassing the confiscation and transfer of assets for the reconstruction of Ukraine. Further, the new regime of sanctions will cause a substantial tightening of the criminal law framework in the Member States and is likely to give rise to a number of significant criminal law issuesEU je v odziv na situacijo v Ukrajini sprejela številne omejevalne ukrepe zoper Rusijo z namenom doseči spoštovanje zadevnih mednarodnopravnih obveznosti s strani te države, pri čemer je vse bolj v ospredju obveznost Rusije zagotoviti reparacije za škodo, nastalo v okviru agresije. Ta članek analizira nedavno sprejeto Direktivo o opredelitvi kaznivih dejanj in sankcij za kršitev omejevalnih ukrepov Unije ter Direktivo o povrnitvi in odvzemu sredstev, ki harmonizirata opredelitev kršitve in izogibanja omejevalnim ukrepom EU kot »evropsko kaznivo dejanje« na podlagi 83. člena Pogodbe o delovanju Evropske unije (PDEU) ter opredeljujeta sankcije za te kršitve, vključno z zasegom premoženja in možnostjo prenosa tako zaseženega premoženja Ukrajini. Države članice so do sedaj to področje urejale skladno z njihovo nacionalno zakonodajo, pri čemer so predpisovale različne civilne, upravne in kazenske sankcije za kršitve omejevalnih ukrepov. Pri novi ureditvi gre za poenotenje nacionalne zakonodaje držav članic z namenom povečanja učinkovitosti in preprečevanja izogibanja sankcijskim režimom EU. Vendar pa se hkrati zdi, da EU v tem primeru uporablja vzvode kazenskega prava za uveljavitev političnih in gospodarskih interesov unije, med drugim tudi zasega in prenosa premoženja za obnovo Ukrajine, pri čemer pa nova ureditev kršitve omejevalnih ukrepov tudi občutno zaostruje kazenskopravno ureditev v državah članicah ter sproža nekatera pomembna kazenskopravna vprašanjaTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of SloveniaUniverza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za družbene vede