563 KB22 KB199920252002Marinko, Jožeštevilka:1letnik:4str. 55-69ISSN:1580-0261COBISSID:19732013URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-6ZIMXOCJslDruštvo za antične in humanistične študije SlovenijeKeria (Ljubljana)antični vpliviantikaarhitekturamestaurbanizemVpliv antike na urbanizem|Antiquity brought forth two basic types of urban settlements: the geographically adapted and the geometrically designed one. Geometrically designed towns, which are laid out along rectangular axes, are of higher quality. The article presents three levels of this design. The first is to be found in the settlements where the town walls are adapted to the configuration of the ground, while the street cross at right angles. The second level is best represented by the so-called urbs quadrata, the Roman type of town, where the rectangular streets with their blocks of buildings (insulae) are enclosed within rectangularly designed town walls. The third level can be observed in individual town quarters, normally the agora or forum, which display an orthogonal or circular design with an emphasis on the axes. A short chronological survey shows that the ancient Greek and Roman town plans, and occasionally even those in the Near East, have served as models for the designers of many towns or their quarters throughout history to the present timesV antiki sta se izoblikovala dva osnovna modela mestne zasnove: "raščeni" in "načrtovani". Urejenost, ki je v načrtovanih mestih dosežena z geometrizacijo ortogonalne ali osne zasnove, predstavlja višjo kvaliteto. Načrtna zasnova je prikazana na treh nivojih. Prvi kaže ortogonalno zasnovo mestnih ulic, pri čemer obzidje sledi konfiguraciji terena. Drugi nivo je najpopolneje zastopan v rimskem mestu (urbs quadrata) kjer je ob pravokotni mreži ulic, ki določajo stavbne bloke (inzule) tudi mestni rob (obzidje) pravokotno zasnovan. Na tretjem nivoju obravnavamo posamezne predele mesta. Praviloma je to agora ali forum, ki svojo načrtnost kažejo z ortogonalno ali krožno zasnovo in poudarjenimi osmi. V kratkem časovnem pregledu do danes vidimo, da so izhodišča mnogim prostorskim zasnovam mest ali njihovih delov skozi zgodovino do danes v grški in rimski antiki, včasih celo v deželah Bližnjega vzhodaTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of SloveniaUniverza v Ljubljani, Filozofska fakulteta, Znanstvena založba