{"?xml":{"@version":"1.0"},"edm:RDF":{"@xmlns:dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","@xmlns:edm":"http://www.europeana.eu/schemas/edm/","@xmlns:wgs84_pos":"http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos","@xmlns:foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","@xmlns:rdaGr2":"http://rdvocab.info/ElementsGr2","@xmlns:oai":"http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/","@xmlns:owl":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#","@xmlns:rdf":"http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#","@xmlns:ore":"http://www.openarchives.org/ore/terms/","@xmlns:skos":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#","@xmlns:dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","edm:WebResource":[{"@rdf:about":"http://www.dlib.si/stream/URN:NBN:SI:doc-B4SY67BH/8a4c12fe-2caa-432c-9c13-e21c0a6ffa5e/HTML","dcterms:extent":"54 KB"},{"@rdf:about":"http://www.dlib.si/stream/URN:NBN:SI:doc-B4SY67BH/ea86ce96-05ba-4dc2-874f-708537e7cc80/PDF","dcterms:extent":"1340 KB"},{"@rdf:about":"http://www.dlib.si/stream/URN:NBN:SI:doc-B4SY67BH/12f770e6-e7cb-4bc0-81e8-0dc797b24559/TEXT","dcterms:extent":"51 KB"},{"@rdf:about":"http://www.dlib.si/stream/URN:NBN:SI:doc-B4SY67BH/d54e8b48-5088-45e2-84f5-329529bd0908/HTML","dcterms:extent":"56 KB"},{"@rdf:about":"http://www.dlib.si/stream/URN:NBN:SI:doc-B4SY67BH/3e7fa480-04bb-4eda-aadb-7df2e55ca450/PDF","dcterms:extent":"1345 KB"},{"@rdf:about":"http://www.dlib.si/stream/URN:NBN:SI:doc-B4SY67BH/29056b1d-a93b-4ca6-b4ad-2d7a63ece544/TEXT","dcterms:extent":"52 KB"}],"edm:TimeSpan":{"@rdf:about":"1989-2025","edm:begin":{"@xml:lang":"en","#text":"1989"},"edm:end":{"@xml:lang":"en","#text":"2025"}},"edm:ProvidedCHO":{"@rdf:about":"URN:NBN:SI:doc-B4SY67BH","dcterms:isPartOf":[{"@rdf:resource":"https://www.dlib.si/details/URN:NBN:SI:spr-KOPPZRAZ"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"Urbani izziv"}],"dcterms:issued":"2010","dc:creator":"Tsenkova, Sasha","dc:format":[{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"12 strani / 11 strani"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"številka:2"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"letnik:21"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"str. 5-15, 73-84"}],"dc:identifier":["ISSN:0353-6483","COBISSID:2387651","URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-B4SY67BH"],"dc:language":["en","sl"],"dc:publisher":{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"Urbanistični inštitut Republike Slovenije"},"dc:subject":[{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"družbena diferenciacija"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"imigracija"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"mesta"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"postsocialistične države"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"priseljevanje"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"stanovanjska naselja"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"tranzicija"}],"dcterms:temporal":{"@rdf:resource":"1989-2025"},"dc:title":{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"Neformalna naselja v postsocialističnih mestih| dejavniki raznolikosti in vzorci neformalnih naselij| diversity factors and patterns| Informal settlements in post-communist cities|"},"dc:description":[{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"In some post-communist cities, the formation of informal settlements is a phenomenon associated with the wave of urbanisation of the 1960s and 1970s. Inothers, the phenomenon is connected with the influx of immigrants and refugees in the 1990s. Informal settlement areas are the result of various factors: inadequate spatial planning, outdated and complex legislation, housing policies that do not ensure the provision of affordable housing and outdated public administration structures. Illegal construction practices in urban areas, often due to the lack of a clear system of property rights and urban poverty, have created significant challenges in many cities such as Tirana, Belgrade, Tbilisi and Bucharest. This paper presents a typology of informal settlements in post-communist cities and discusses the interrelated economic, social and environmental challenges associated with this phenomenon.Various types of informal settlements, as well as the evolution of those types, demonstrate the complexity of the problem as well as the need to develop contextually sensitive and diverse solutions. This study presents the emerging related policy responses, including legalisation and inclusion in formal urban planning, the provision of essential social services (e.g., schools and medical clinics), the construction of technical infrastructure (e.g., safe roads, public transit, water and sewage systems) and resettlement programmes as part of social housing. Although these solutions represent various aspects of the policy continuum, they also require significant political will and the financial commitment of central and local institutions to ensure effective implementation"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"V nekaterih postsocialističnih mestih je nastajanje neformalnih naselij pojav,povezan z valom urbanizacije v šestdesetih in sedemdesetih letih prejšnjega stoletja, v drugih pa s pritokom priseljencev in beguncev v devetdesetih letih. Območja neformalnih naselij nastajajo zaradi različnih dejavnikov: neustreznega prostorskega načrtovanja, zastarele in zapletene zakonodaje, ureditve javne uprave in stanovanjske politike, ki ne zagotavlja cenovno dostopnih stanovanj. Nezakonita gradnja na mestnih območjih, ki je pogosto posledica pomanjkanja jasno oblikovanega sistema lastninskih pravic in mestne revščine, je resen problem v mnogih mestih, kot so Tirana, Beograd, Tbilisi in Bukarešta. Članek predstavlja tipologijo neformalnih naselij v postsocialističnih mestih in obravnava ekonomske, socialne in okoljske probleme, povezane s tem pojavom. Različne vrste neformalnih naselij in njihov razvoj kažejo na zapletenost vprašanja in potrebo po oblikovanju raznolikih rešitev, ki bi upoštevale razmere danega okolja. Raziskava obravnava odzive politike povezane s tem, med njimi legalizacijo in vključevanje tovrstnih naselij v projekte urbanističnega načrtovanja, zagotavljanje osnovnih socialnovarstvenih storitev (na primer šole in zdravstveni domovi), izgradnjo tehnične infrastrukture (na primer varne ceste,omrežja javnega potniškega prometa, vodovod in kanalizacija) in programe preselitve v socialna stanovanja. Čeprav te rešitve spadajo v okvir različnih politik, je za njihovo učinkovito izvedbo potrebno veliko politične volje ter tudi finančna zavezanost osrednjih in lokalnih ustanov"}],"edm:type":"TEXT","dc:type":[{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"znanstveno časopisje"},{"@xml:lang":"en","#text":"journals"},{"@rdf:resource":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q361785"}]},"ore:Aggregation":{"@rdf:about":"http://www.dlib.si/?URN=URN:NBN:SI:doc-B4SY67BH","edm:aggregatedCHO":{"@rdf:resource":"URN:NBN:SI:doc-B4SY67BH"},"edm:isShownBy":{"@rdf:resource":"http://www.dlib.si/stream/URN:NBN:SI:doc-B4SY67BH/ea86ce96-05ba-4dc2-874f-708537e7cc80/PDF"},"edm:rights":{"@rdf:resource":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"edm:provider":"Slovenian National E-content Aggregator","edm:intermediateProvider":{"@xml:lang":"en","#text":"National and University Library of Slovenia"},"edm:dataProvider":{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"Urbanistični inštitut Republike Slovenije"},"edm:object":{"@rdf:resource":"http://www.dlib.si/streamdb/URN:NBN:SI:doc-B4SY67BH/maxi/edm"},"edm:isShownAt":{"@rdf:resource":"http://www.dlib.si/details/URN:NBN:SI:doc-B4SY67BH"}}}}