{"?xml":{"@version":"1.0"},"edm:RDF":{"@xmlns:dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","@xmlns:edm":"http://www.europeana.eu/schemas/edm/","@xmlns:wgs84_pos":"http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos","@xmlns:foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","@xmlns:rdaGr2":"http://rdvocab.info/ElementsGr2","@xmlns:oai":"http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/","@xmlns:owl":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#","@xmlns:rdf":"http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#","@xmlns:ore":"http://www.openarchives.org/ore/terms/","@xmlns:skos":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#","@xmlns:dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","edm:WebResource":[{"@rdf:about":"http://www.dlib.si/stream/URN:NBN:SI:doc-BTP1VPB3/7330bf04-4e35-4811-b513-392ff2cb27f7/IMAGE","dcterms:extent":"62 KB"},{"@rdf:about":"http://www.dlib.si/stream/URN:NBN:SI:doc-BTP1VPB3/e8c0f143-82ad-43d1-aef9-f47d65747c99/PDF","dcterms:extent":"2237 KB"},{"@rdf:about":"http://www.dlib.si/stream/URN:NBN:SI:doc-BTP1VPB3/774f6614-1c68-4252-8208-002cde77c8e3/TEXT","dcterms:extent":"854 KB"}],"edm:ProvidedCHO":{"@rdf:about":"URN:NBN:SI:doc-BTP1VPB3","dcterms:issued":"2022","dc:creator":"Jamnik, Anton","dc:format":{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (289 str.))"},"dc:identifier":["COBISSID:113048579","ISBN:978-961-7167-04-7","URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-BTP1VPB3"],"dc:language":"sl","dc:publisher":{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"Teološka fakulteta"},"dc:source":{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"knjige"},"dc:title":{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"Liberalizem, komunitarizem in vprašanje etike|"},"dc:description":[{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"Everyday life demands a constant personal decision making, responsible selections, and critical judgement. Since man is a social being, the question how to establish more and more authentic interpersonal relations constantly arises. This reason and many others point to the fact that nowadays one of the most fundamental challenges in philosophy is the question of ethics, viz. creating a theory of morals that could guide man in his everyday situation. The theory of morals by John Rawls, a living American philosopher, who is one of the essential representatives of modern liberalism, is undoubtedly one of the most interesting and original attempts to develop such a theory. The central issue of the theory is the idea of rightness, which reflects a moderate form of liberalism. The principles of rightness that emphasise freedom, equality and especially the position of the individual who finds himself in the worst possible circumstances still signify a certain restriction of occasionally not easily tameable individualism and self - willed pragmatism. Rawls’ Theory of Justice is the essential turning point in the field of philosophy of morals. For a long time utilitarianism, based on the idea that the ends justify the means, prevailed. The rules of behaviour are subjected to the aim created on the grounds of a goal. If this was the so called theological ethics, Rawls now sets the alternative with his deontological ethics, certain rules are considered obligatory, something must be done because it is right to do so and not for the sake of the effects of an act. The basis of such a theory is the constructivism of Kant. In the field of ethics Rawls especially devotes his attention to the question of rightful society. The essence of social justice are basic goods that are rudimentary for the realisation of a life plan of each individual: freedom, equality, the power of one, incomes, wealth, etc. Social justice is about basic social welfare and natural goods"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"Liberalizem izhaja iz vrednostnega skepticizma, relativizma in prehaja v vedno bolj radikalen antropocentrizem in imanentizem. V poudarjanju posameznikove avtonomije in svobode zanika obstoj objektivnih vrednot. Rawlsova moralna teorija ravno zaradi poudarka na pravičnosti kot poštenosti pomeni zmerno obliko liberalizma.Prehod od teleološkega k deontološkemu gledanju, pojem pravičnosti, deontološki pristop alternativa utilitarizmu, pogodbena teorija, kantovski konstruktivizem - to so nekateri osnovni elementi Rawlsove teorije. Osrednje mesto v njej imata principa pravičnosti, posebej pa so pomembni pogoji, v katerih sta sprejeta, to je izhodiščni položaj s svojo tančico nevednosti. Izhodiščni položaj pomeni zagotovilo poštenosti pri racionalni izbiri principov pravičnosti. Aplikacija principov odpira celo vrsto vprašanj, ki izvirajo iz dejstva njihove abstraktnosti, saj so bili sprejeti v posebni situaciji »sub specie aeternitatis«. Rawls postavlja pravilno pred dobro. Važna je procedura, racionalna izbira principov, pravilen postopek; vsebina dejanja, substancialno gledanje, to nima pravega mesta. Prav to je ena najbolj šibkih točk njegove teorije. Na to opozorijo komunitarni kritiki Rawlsa: MacIntyre, Taylor, Sandel in Walzer. Njihov poudarek na dobrem, vrednotah, praktičnem življenju v skupnosti, tradiciji, odgovornosti za skupno dobro itd., je jasna alternativa individualizmu, vrednostnemu skepticizmu, relativizmu in nazadnje nihilizmu znotraj liberalizma.Na pomanjkljivosti liberalistične moralne teorije svojevrstno opozori tudi etika postmoderne perspektive. Sam pojem postmodernizem je dokaj nejasen, pogosto dvoumen, nedoločen in se ga uporablja na zelo različnih področjih. Postmoderna etična perspektiva opozori na pomen osebne odgovornosti biti za drugega, etiko bližine in ljubezni, personalizacijo morale, nasproti liberalistični proceduralnosti, preračunljivosti, pragmatičnosti, čredništvu in vedno bolj razosebljeni in egoistični morali"}],"edm:type":"TEXT","dc:type":[{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"knjige"},{"@xml:lang":"en","#text":"books"},{"@rdf:resource":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q571"}]},"ore:Aggregation":{"@rdf:about":"http://www.dlib.si/?URN=URN:NBN:SI:doc-BTP1VPB3","edm:aggregatedCHO":{"@rdf:resource":"URN:NBN:SI:doc-BTP1VPB3"},"edm:isShownBy":{"@rdf:resource":"http://www.dlib.si/stream/URN:NBN:SI:doc-BTP1VPB3/e8c0f143-82ad-43d1-aef9-f47d65747c99/PDF"},"edm:rights":{"@rdf:resource":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"},"edm:provider":"Slovenian National E-content Aggregator","edm:dataProvider":{"@xml:lang":"en","#text":"National and University Library of Slovenia"},"edm:object":{"@rdf:resource":"http://www.dlib.si/streamdb/URN:NBN:SI:doc-BTP1VPB3/maxi/edm"},"edm:isShownAt":{"@rdf:resource":"http://www.dlib.si/details/URN:NBN:SI:doc-BTP1VPB3"}}}}