1776 KB0 KB199420252019Lešnik, Avgustletnik:29številka:3str. 363-372ISSN:1408-5348COBISSID_HOST:70898530URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-EEQKRMUHslInštitut IRRIS za raziskave, razvoj in strategije družbe, kulture in okoljaIstituto IRRIS di ricerca, sviluppo e strategie della societa, cultura e ambienteSocietá storica del LitoraleZgodovinsko društvo za južno PrimorskoAnnales. Series historia et sociologiafilozofija zgodovinemetodologijazakoni razvoja človeške družbezgodovina historične sociologijezgodovina sociološke mislizgodovinopisjeKomunikacija sociologije in zgodovine v zgodnji dobi sociološke misli| ob 180-letnici Comtovega poimenovanja sociologije za "znanost o družbi"| v znamenju metodološkega spora|The article, in the field of the historical sociology, is substantively and thematically related to the study Understanding Social Change and Social and Historical Development in the "Prehistory" of Sociology, published in Annales, Series Historia et Sociologia (2015, 3, 485-504). The epochal social changes of the late 18th and early 19th centuries have also co-created the objective conditions for the development of the two "social sciences": sociology (Saint-Simon, A. Comte) and historical materialism (K. Marx). Sociology was expressing the social and political tendencies of the ruling bourgeoisie, while historical materialism was an ideological, theoretical expression of the aspirations of the working class. The latter, as the philosophical and general foundation of scientific socialism, was also the first general theory of social sciences. Sociology had set itself the fundamental task of resolving, through "scientific approaches", the unresolved question of a general, global insight into the laws of the functioning and development of human society as a whole. Due to the fact that both the philosophy of history and historiography were directly concerned with these issues, it was necessary to define the relation of sociology to the two mentioned sciences. However, proving distinctiveness did not go in the direction of defending the specific subject area, but rather its own methodology. In these efforts, the new social science (sociology) made no secret of its ambition to become the so-called theoretical/scientific history. Compared to the then dominant methodological tendency - especially in the philosophy of history - according to which the structure of historical development can be determined (a priori) with the conceptual analysis, sociology offered a posteriori (empirical), respectively post factum analysis of historical events. This new direction - positivism - was justified in the social sciences by A. Comte and J. S. Mill. The core of the interpretation model in social science had become the identification of general laws, under which fell all the individual cases of a certain type. This sociological idea was not only different for the rejection of the then metaphysical understanding of the laws as an essential connection of the essence that can be discovered on the basis of thinking, but also for its adoption of the modern natural science concept of the law as an inductive generalization based on observation and experiment. In contrast to historiography, where the basic unit of analysis was a specific historical figure, city or a country, sociology as a theoretical history had chosen society - a typical representative of general historical development - for its analytical framework. While historiographers were finding and collecting facts, the "scientific" history searched for and discovered order and laws. Finally, in contrast to historiography at the time, which was only interested in the narrative of the past, new science, through the discovery of historical/social laws, could say a great deal not only about the present but also the future. In the role of "scientific/theoretical history", sociology wanted to place the history (Klio) as a servant, that provides verified facts for its constructions. It is understandable that such an attempt of sociology had met with decisive resistance in both historical and philosophical circles, including many other sociologists. Namely, when sociologists tried to formulate the laws of history, it turned out that in epistemological terms their characteristics do not correspond to the specifics of the laws that natural science deals with. This failure strengthened the positions of the critics of sociology as "scientific history" as well as "theory of history". This caused a new "crisis" in communication between the two sciences, which lasted from the end of the 19th to the middle of the last centuryIl presente contributo sulla storia della sociologia storica si ricollega, a livello di contenuti e delle problematiche, allo studio Comprensione dei cambiamenti sociali, nonché dello sviluppo sociale e storico nella "preistoria" della sociologia, pubblicato sulla rivista scientifica Annales, Series Historia et Sociologia (2015, 3). Al suo esordio, la sociologia si pose come obiettivo primario e principale di risolvere, utilizzando "approcci scientifici", la questione aperta della visione generale e globale delle leggi di funzionamento e dello sviluppo della societa umana nel suo insieme. Dato che la problematica veniva gia trattata direttamente sia dalla filosofia della storia sia dalla storiografia, era necessario definire la relazione della sociologia con queste due discipline. L'argomentazione a sostegno della sociologia come scienza a sé non si basava sulla difesa di un'area tematica specifica, ma sulla specificita della sua metodologia. Nei suoi sforzi a tale scopo la nuova scienza sociale (sociologia) non nascondeva l'ambizione di diventare la cosiddetta storia teoretica (scientifica)Članek s področja zgodovine historične sociologije se vsebinsko in problemsko navezuje na študijo Razumevanje družbenih sprememb ter družbenega in zgodovinskega razvoja v "predzgodovini" sociologije, objavljeno v znanstveni reviji Annales, Series Historia et Sociologia (2015, 3). Sociologija si je ob svojem nastanku zadala za temeljno nalogo, da z "znanstvenimi prijemi" razvozla nerešeno vprašanje občega, globalnega vpogleda v zakone funkcioniranja in razvoja človeške družbe kot celote. Spričo dejstva, da sta se z navedeno problematiko neposredno ukvarjali tako filozofija zgodovine kot zgodovinopisje, je bilo potrebno opredeliti odnos sociologije do obeh omenjenih ved. Vendar dokazovanje distinktivnosti ni šlo v smeri zagovora specifičnega predmetnega področja, pač pa svojske metodologije. V teh naporih nova družbena znanost (sociologija) ni skrivala ambicije, da postane t. i. teoretska (znanstvena) zgodovinaTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of SloveniaZgodovinsko društvo za južno Primorsko