303 KB40 KB201820252025Bačani, Ninaštevilka:1letnik:29str. 73-89DOI:10.18690/analiza.29.1.73-90.2025ISSN:1408-2969COBISSID_HOST:272631555URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-P5A92Q1PslUniverza v Mariboru, Univerzitetna založbaAnaliza (Ljubljana)afektiaffectsfreedomMonizempsihologijapsychologySpinoza, Baruch desvobodaSpinozova filozofija afektov| Spinoza’s philosophy of affects|In his Ethics (1677), Spinoza defends monism – the idea that there exists a single substance that is identical with God and nature. Mind and body are its expressions, which we perceive as two distinct attributes (of the same substance): thought and extension. Spinoza’s philosophy of affects (developed in Parts Three and Four of the Ethics ) focuses on understanding human emotions as natural phenomena governed by the universal laws of nature. According to Spinoza, a person who does not master their affects is a slave to fate, while freedom can be achieved through the guidance of reason. He distinguishes between active and passive affects: active affects arise from reason and enhance a person’s power, whereas passive affects diminish their capacity to act. Spinoza’s philosophy offers a theoretical framework for understanding emotions that was revolutionary for his time and remains influential even in contemporary psychological and neuroscientific researchSpinoza v svoji Etiki (1677) zagovarja monizem – obstoj ene same substance, ki je enaka Bogu in naravi. Duh in telo sta njena izraza, ki ju zaznavamo kot ločena atributa (iste substance): mišljenje in razsežnost. Spinozova filozofija afektov (tretji in četrti del Etike) se osredotoča na razumevanje človeških čustev kot naravnih pojavov, podrejenih univerzalnim zakonitostim narave. Spinoza trdi, da je človek, ki svojih afektov ne obvladuje, suženj usode, svobodo pa lahko doseže s pomočjo razuma. Afekte deli na aktivne in pasivne; aktivni izhajajo iz razuma in povečujejo človekovo moč, medtem ko pasivni slabijo njegovo zmožnost delovanja. Spinozova filozofija ponuja teoretični okvir za razumevanje čustev, ki je bil za njegov čas revolucionaren in se kaže celo v sodobnih psiholoških in nevroznanstvenih raziskavahTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of SloveniaDruštvo za analitično filozofijo in filozofijo znanosti