46 KB398 KB33 KB200120252005Zbašnik-Senegačnik, Martinaštevilka:1letnik:5str. 40-45ISSN:1580-5573ISSN:1581-6974COBISSID:1813636URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-UPR1VB8XenslFakulteta za arhitekturoAR. Arhitektura, raziskavearchitecturearhitekturacivil engineeringgradbeni materialigradbeništvoilovicatehnologija gradnjetradicionalna gradnjazgodovinski preglediTradicionalna gradnja z ilovico| Traditional building in clay|Clay is a material that is abundantly available under the humus layer of construction pits almost in all areas of the world, which is the main reason for its use since the beginnings of building. Even in Europe, where climatic conditions are very varier, clay can be optimally used for building. A large share of the building stock especially housing built in the past from clay or clay derivatives, is after many centuries still used and offers a very pleasant living climate. In European space four very diverse building techniques have been established. In compacted construction clay is compacted between two scaffolds. Compacted walls are load-bearing. The technique of building in clay mixed with straw doesn't require scaffolding but the walls are also load-bearing. In cassette building, clay is used for filling while the load-bearing structure is usually timber. The first demand of building with clay bricks is the production of bricks that are dried in the sun and then built into load-bearing or partition walls. The article deals with particular building techniques and their use in historyIlovica je gradivo, ki je v velikih količinah na voljo na skoraj vseh predelih zemeljske oble pod humusno plastjo ob izkopu gradbene jame, kar je bil glavni razlog za njeno uporabo že od začetkov zgodovine gradnje. Tudi v evropskem prostoru, kjer so klimatski pogoji zelo raznoliki, je mogoče z ilovico optimalno graditi. Velik del stavbnega, zlasti stanovanjskega fonda, ki je bil v preteklosti zgrajen iz ilovice in ilovnatih gradiv, je v uporabi še po več stoletjih in nudi zelo ugodno bivalno klimo. V evropskem prostoru so se izoblikovale štiri tehnike gradnje, ki se med seboj močno razlikujejo. Pri butani gradnji se ilovico buta med dva opata. Butane stene so nosilne. Tehnika gradnje z ilovico, pomešano s slamo, ne zahteva opažev, stene pa so prav tako nosilne. Pri predalčni gradnji ilovica služi kot polnilo, nosilna konstrukcija pa je običajno lesena. Gradnja z ilovnatimi zidaki zahteva najprej izdelavo zidakov, ki se posušijo na soncu in šele potem vgradijo v nosilne in nenosilne stene. V prispevku so obdelane posamezne tehnike gradnje in njihova uporaba v zgodoviniTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of SloveniaUniverza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za arhitekturo