56 KB584 KB50 KB57 KB585 KB49 KB198920252010Shrestha, Bijaya K.11 strani / 11 straništevilka:2letnik:21str. 16-26, 85-92ISSN:0353-6483COBISSID:2387907URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-ZNL6DBJZenslUrbanistični inštitut Republike SlovenijeUrbani izzivbivalno okoljeKathmanduKatmandumestanaseljaNepalrevščinaslumistanovanjaurbana sociologijaurbanizacijaPreskrba s stanovanji v dolini Katmanduja| Housing provision in the Kathmandu valley| javne in zasebne pobude| public agency and private sector initiation|The haphazard growth of settlements in the Kathmandu Valley is the result of rapid urbanisation, growing poverty, the high cost of land and construction, and dependence on the traditional practice of owner-built housing. This growthhas resulted in huge housing deficits and poor home conditions. The government''s implementation of the site and services programme as well as land-pooling projects in the 1970s and 1980s benefitted local landowners, but private-sector developments in the 1990s and 2000s were only accessible to upper-middle and high-income groups. This has forced the urban poor and economically disadvantaged groups to live in slum and squatter developments. Planned development organisation has been weak in terms of physical layout, the creation of socialisation opportunities and a sense of community, and in achieving a desirable population density. The existing legal and institutional framework is inadequate and ineffective for addressing these issues. To fill the gap between the efforts of the public and private sectors and meet the high demands for housing in the valley, clear-cut policies and planning are required. This must be done in order to link housing supply with demand and to ensure the participation of various public and private-sector agencies in land-development and housing projects that will incorporate the urban poor. Local municipalities should also be equipped for managing local resources, coordinating the agencies involved and monitoring developmentNenačrtna rast naselij v dolini Katmanduja je rezultat hitre urbanizacije, naraščajoče revščine, visokih stroškov zemljišč ter gradnje in odvisnosti od tradicionalne prakse lastniško zgrajenih stanovanj. Ta rast povzroča ogromen stanovanjski primanjkljaj in slabe bivalne razmere. Izvajanje vladnega programa za prostor in storitve (ang. site and services programme) in tudi projekti skupnega urejanja zemljišč (ang. land-pooling projects) v 70. in 80. letih prejšnjega stoletja so koristili lokalnim lastnikom zemljišč, vendar so bila naselja zasebnega sektorja v 90. letih in na prehodu tisočletja dostopna le srednjim in višjim dohodkovnim skupinam. To je prisililo revne mestne prebivalce in ekonomsko neprivilegirane skupine v življenje v slumih in ilegalnih naseljih (ang. squatter settlements). Načrtovana organizacija naselij ni bila ustrezna z vidika fizične postavitve, ustvarjanja priložnosti za socializacijo in občutka pripadnosti skupnosti ter pri načrtovanju zaželene gostote prebivalstva. Obstoječi pravni in institucionalni okvir ni ustrezen in ni učinkovit pri odpravljanju teh težav. Da bi zapolnili vrzel med prizadevanji javnega in zasebnega sektorja ter ugodili visokemu povpraševanju po stanovanjih v dolini, so potrebne jasne politike in načrtovanje. To je treba uvesti, da bi povezali ponudbo stanovanj s povpraševanjem ter zagotovili sodelovanje različnih organov javnega in zasebnega sektorja pri gradbenih in stanovanjskih projektih, ki bodo vključevali revno mestno prebivalstvo. Lokalne občine bi prav tako morale biti usposobljene za upravljanje z lokalnimi viri, usklajevanje sodelujočih organov in nadzorovanje razvojaTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of SloveniaUrbanistični inštitut Republike Slovenije