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received: 2020-04-29                 DOI 10.19233/ASHN.2020.13
ADDITIONAL RECORD OF GOLANI ROUND HERRING, ETRUMEUS 
GOLANII (OSTEICHTHYES: DUSSUMIERIIDAE) FROM TUNISIAN WATERS 
WITH COMMENTS ON ITS DISTRIBUTION IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA
Sami MILI, Rym ENNOURI & Sihem RAFRAFI-NOUIRA
Unité de Recherche, Exploitation des Milieux aquatiques, Institut Supérieur de Pêche et d’Aquaculture de Bizerte, Université de 
Carthage, BP 15, 7080 Menzel Jemil, Tunisia
Christian CAPAPÉ
Laboratoire d’Ichtyologie, case 104, Université de Montpellier , 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France
e-mail: capape@univ-montp2.fr
ABSTRACT
The occurrence of the Lessepsian migrant Golani round herring Etrumeus golanii (Dussumieriidae) was con-
firmed off the Tunisian coast with the record of a specimen captured by a commercial purse-seiner on 13 March 
2020, in the Gulf of Hammamet. The specimen, a mature female, measured 262 mm in total length and weighed 
178.22 g. Morphometric and meristic characteristics of the specimen caught are given. This new finding of E. 
golanii confirms the rapid expansion of this Lessepsian migrant’s range in the Mediterranean Sea.
Key words: Round herring, Etrumeus golanii, Lessepsian migration, Gulf of Hammamet, expansion range, 
Mediterranean Sea
NUOVE SEGNALAZIONI DELLA SARDINA DI GOLANI, ETRUMEUS GOLANII 
(OSTEICHTHYES: DUSSUMIERIIDAE) IN ACQUE DELLA TUNISIA 
CON COMMENTI SULLA DISTRIBUZIONE NEL MEDITERRANEO
SINTESI
La presenza della sardina di Golani, Etrumeus golanii (Dussumieriidae), migrante lessepsiano, è stata confermata 
al largo delle coste tunisine con la cattura di un esemplare con rete da circuizione commerciale, il 13 marzo 2020, 
nel Golfo di Hammamet. Il campione, una femmina matura, misurava 262 mm di lunghezza totale e pesava 178,22 
g. Nell’articolo vengono fornite le caratteristiche morfometriche e meristiche dell’esemplare catturato. Questo nuovo 
ritrovamento di E. golanii conferma la rapida espansione di questo migrante lessepsiano nel mare Mediterraneo.
Parole chiave: sardina di Golani, Etrumeus golanii, migrazione lessepsiana, Golfo di Hammamet, intervallo di 
espansione, Mediterraneo
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INTRODUCTION
The Golani round herring Etrumeus golanii DiBat-
tista, Randall & Bowen, 2012 is a Lessepsian migrant 
(sensu Por, 1978), native to the western Indian Ocean 
and common in the Red Sea (Golani & Fricke, 2005). 
The species migrated through the Suez Canal into 
the Mediterranean Sea, where it was first recorded in 
the eastern Levant Basin, off Haifa, and misidentified 
as the red-eye round herring Etrumeus teres (DeKay, 
1848) by Whitehead (1963). Successive records 
occurred in eastern Mediterranean regions, where 
viable populations are probably established (Golani, 
2000, 2005).
After migrating toward western areas, the species 
was first recorded in the central Mediterranean in the 
waters surrounding the Lampedusa Island by Falautano 
et al. (2006). It was redefined the Golani round her-
ring E. golanii by DiBattista et al. (2012) and furtherly 
recorded with its new taxon in Tunisia (Boussellaa et 
al., 2016, Rafrafi-Nouira et al., 2017), Libya (Shakman 
et al., 2017), Algeria (Kassar & Hemida in Stamouli 
et al., 2017), and Morocco (Tamsouri et al. (2019). In 
this paper, an additional record of E. golanii from the 
Tunisian coast is reported and the species’ distribution 
throughout the Mediterranean and its status in this sea 
are discussed.
Fig. 1: Map of the Mediterranean Sea, copied from Rafrafi et al. (2015), indicating the distribution of Golani round 
eye Etrumeus golanii by chronological order. 1: Haifa Bay, Israel, Whitehead (1963). 2: Off Egypt, El Sayed (1994). 3: 
Off Iskenderun, Turkey, Başusta et al. (1997). 4: Off Syria, erroneously reported as Etrumeus sadina (Mitchill, 1814), 
Saad (2002) in Ali (2018). 5: Antalya Gulf, Turkey, Yılmaz & Hoşsucu (2003). 6: Off Limassol, Cyprus, Golani (2005). 
7: Rhodes, Greece, Corsini et al. (2005). 8: Cyclades, Greece, Kallianiotis & Lekkas (2005). 9: Hydra Island, Greece, 
Zenetos et al. (2008). 10: Crete, Greece, Kasapidis et al. (2007). 11: Lampedusa, Italy, Falautano et al. (2006). 12: 
Dikili Coast, Turkey, Yarmaz et al. (2010). 13: Gulf of Izmir, Turkey, Akyol & Ulaş (2016). 14: Gulf of Gabès, Tunisia, 
Boussellaa et al. (2016). 15: Off Misrata, Libya, Shakman et al. (2017). 16: Off Cherchell, Algeria, Kassar & Hemida 
in Stamouli et al. (2017). 17: Off Ras Jebel, Tunisia, Rafrafi et al. (2017). 18: Fnideq Bay, Morocco, Tamsouri et al. 
(2019). 19: Gulf of Hammamet, Tunisia, present study.
Sl. 1: Zemljevid Sredozemskega morja (prirejeno po Rafrafi in sod., 2015) in podatki o razširjenosti vrste Etrumeus 
golanii glede na časovni interval pojavljanja. 1: Zaliv Haifa, Izrael, Whitehead (1963). 2: v vodah Egipta, El Sayed 
(1994). 3: v vodah okoli Iskenderuna, Turčija, Başusta in sod. (1997). 4: pred Sirijo, napačno določena kot Etrumeus 
sadina (Mitchill, 1814), Saad (2002; v Ali 2018). 5: zaliv Antalya, Turčija, Yılmaz & Hoşsucu (2003). 6: pred Limasso-
lom, Ciper, Golani (2005). 7: Rodos, Grčija, Corsini in sod. (2005). 8: Kikladi, Grčija, Kallianiotis & Lekkas (2005). 
9: otok Hydra, Grčija, Zenetos in sod. (2008). 10: Kreta, Grčija, Kasapidis in sod. (2007). 11: Lampedusa, Italija, 
Falautano in sod. (2006). 12: obala Dikili, Turčija, Yarmaz in sod. (2010). 13: zaliv Izmir, Turkey, Akyol & Ulaş (2016). 
14: zaliv Gabès, Tunizija, Boussellaa in sod. (2016). 15: pred Misrato, Libija, Shakman in sod. (2017). 16: v vodah pred 
Cherchell, Alžirija, Kassar & Hemida v Stamouli in sod. (2017). 17: pred Ras Jebel, Tunizija, Rafrafi in sod. (2017). 18: 
zaliv Fnideq, Maroko, Tamsouri in sod. (2019). 19: zaliv Hammamet, Tunizija, pričujoča raziskava.
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MATERIAL AND METHODS
On 13 March 2020, a specimen of E. golanii was ob-
served at the fish landing site of Kélibia. The specimen 
was caught in the Gulf of Hammamet at 36°46’57” N 
and 11°17’52” E, during the night, at a depth of 40-42 
m (Fig. 1). It was caught together with other pelagic 
teleost species such as the round sardinella Sardinella 
aurita Valenciennes 1847, the Mediterranean horse-
mackerel Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner, 
1868), and the Atlantic chub mackerel Scomber colias 
Gmelin, 1789. The specimen of E. golanii was frozen 
and delivered to the laboratory, where it was identified, 
photographed, measured and weighed. Morphometric 
and meristic characteristics were recorded following 
Nielsen & Johnson (1983), and are summarized in 
Table I. The specimen was preserved in 10% buffered 
formaldehyde, deposited in the Ichthyological Collec-
tion of the Institut Supérieur de Pêche et d’Aquaculture 
de Bizerte (Tunisia), under catalogue number ISPAB-
Etr-gol-01.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The specimen of E. golanii from eastern Tunisian 
waters measured 262 mm in total length (TL) and 
weighed 178.22 g (Fig. 2). The specimen was identified 
as E. golanii based on a combination of morphologi-
cal characteristics: body elongated and cylindrical in 
its anterior part, large head, eye covered by adipose 
eyelid, dorsal fin origin before midpoint, pelvic fin 
behind dorsal fin base, a single W-shaped pelvic scute 
at the base of pelvic fins, lack of series of scutes along 
the belly, scales very deciduous, easily detached, 
colour dark blue with silvery flanks and belly.
The present specimen was as an adult female at 
stage 4 of maturity, with 4.13 g of gonad weight. Such 
observation is in agreement with Yarmaz et al. (2010), 
Boussellaa et al. (2016), Falautano et al. (2006) and 
Tamsouri et al. (2019). Size at first sexual maturity for E. 
golanii from the Egyptian Mediterranean waters ranged 
from 122 to 126 mm in males and from 120 to 131 mm 
in females (El-Sayed 1996, Osman et al. 2013). Addi-
tionally, most of the individuals caught so far have been 
relatively large adults (Yarmaz et al., 2010).
The stomach of this specimen was empty. Boussellaa 
et al. (2016) noted that E. golanii fed on preys similar to 
those previously reported, such as zooplankton, mainly 
copepods and euphausiids rather than fish larvae and 
molluscs (Froese & Pauly, 2005; Kallianiotis & Lekkas, 
2005; Osman et al., 2013; Tanaka et al., 2006). These 
observations suggest that E. golanii has probably adapted 
to its new environment.
Morphometric and meristic characters of E. golanii were 
recorded and all data are in total agreement with those 
from other areas of the central and eastern Mediterranean 
Sea (Table 1). Therefore, the present finding constitutes 
the third record of this species in Tunisian waters, based 
on a single specimen. Seven specimens were captured 
in southern Tunisia, Gulf of Gabès, and one specimen, 
described by Rafrafi-Nouira et al. (2017), was singled out 
from a haul of specimens captured in northern Tunisia, 
off Ras Jebel, by pelagic trawl following an experienced 
fisherman aware of local fishing grounds. Additionally, 
fishermen from north-eastern Tunisia landing at the fishing 
site of Kélibia reported that this species is occasionally 
observed together with S. aurita and S. colias. Therefore, 
the occurrence of E. golanii in the Tunisian coast cannot be 
ruled out, however further records are needed before con-
firming the successful local establishment of the species.
Fig. 2: Specimen of Etrumeus golanii (ref. ISPAB Etr-gol-01) captured in the Gulf of Hammamet, Tunisia, scale bar = 20 mm.
Sl. 2: Primerek vrste Etrumeus golanii (ref. ISPAB Etr-gol-01), ujet v zalivu Hammamet, Tunizija, merilo = 20 mm.
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An update of the currently known distribution of this 
species in the Mediterranean is summarized in Figure 
1. It is evident that E. golanii is abundantly recorded in 
the eastern Mediterranean, where viable populations 
have probably established. Additionally, the species 
constitutes an important local commercial resource 
(Akyol & Ulaş, 2016, Corsini et al., 2005, DiBattista 
et al., 2012). The presence of E. golanii received a 
positive feedback without any negative impact on local 
fisheries resources, as reported by Kassar & Hemida in 
Stamouli et al. (2017) and Tamsouri et al. (2019).
In conclusion, the recent observation of an ad-
ditional specimen of E. golanii in the central Mediter-
ranean Sea (Tunisian waters) may be linked to the 
environmental parameters, which are becoming more 
favourable for this species (Tamsouri et al., 2019). 
As a consequence, we could in the future expect the 
establishment of a viable population in Tunisian waters 
confirming the expansion of this species throughout 
the Mediterranean Sea.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance 
of Mr Mohamed Turki captain of the commercial 
purse-seiner BECHIR (NA 389) from Kélibia fishing 
site, for providing us the specimen of Etrumeus golani 
and information about its capture. They also thank two 
anonymous referees for helpful and useful comments 
on the MS, allowing to improve its scientific quality.
Authors
Cyprus 
(Lymassol)
2000
Italy 
(Lampedousa)
2006
Turkey 
(Dikili Strait)
2009
Turkey
(Izmir Bay) 
2016
Tunisia 
(Gulf of Gabes)
2014
Tunisia 
(Ras Jebel)
2017
Morocco
(Alboran Sea)
2018
Tunisia 
(Gulf of Hammamet)
2020
Golani (2000) Falautano et al. 
(2006)
Yarmaz et al. 
(2009)
Akyol & Ulaş 
(2016)
Boussellaa et 
al. (2016)
Rafrafi-Nouira 
et al. (2017)
Tamsouri et 
al. (2019)
Present 
study
Number of 
specimens
2 1 1 1 7 1 7 1
Measurements (mm)
Total length - 231 149 180 225–265 222 252–283 262
Fork length - 211 138 159 200–243 200 228–260 236
Standard length 138–213 202 127 153 165–225 188 215–243 224
Body depth 20.6–42.4 35.6 25 28 34.5–41.3 41.2 43–50 48
Predorsal fin 
length 
— 88 59 66 87–102 82.5 92–107 98
Prepectoral fin 
length 
— — — 38 — — 46.5–56 52
Preanal fin length — — — 127 — — 175–203 186
Head length 31–53.5 45 19 34 39.2–49.3 44.3 45–52 50
Eye diameter 9.3–18.6 12.44 9 11 10.2–12.5 13 13–15 14
Preorbitary length — — — 12 — — 13–16 15
Dorsal fin base 
length 
— 26.6 17 — 24.2–26.1 31.6 31–35 34
Anal fin base 
length 
— 9.4 9 — 9–9.5 11 9–12 11
Pelvic fin length — 14.3 — — 14–22 14 14–16 15
Meristic counts
Dorsal fin rays 17–20 18 18 17 18 19 18 18
Pectoral fin rays 15–17 15 16 16 16 16 15–16 17
Pelvic fin rays 8–10 8 7 8 8 9 8 8
Anal fin rays 9–10 12 9 9 9 9 9–10 9
Tab. 1: Morphometric measurements and meristic counts recorded for the specimen of Etrumeus golanii spe-
cimen caught in the Gulf of Hammamet (ref. ISPAB Etr-gol-01), and those recorded for specimens captured in 
other Mediterranean areas.
Tab. 1: Morfometrične meritve in meristična štetja pri primerku vrste Etrumeus golanii, ujetem v zalivu Hamma-
met (ref. ISPAB Etr-gol-01)  in pri primerkih, ujetih v drugih predelih Sredozemskega morja. 
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NOV ZAPIS O POJAVLJANJU VRSTE ETRUMEUS GOLANII (OSTEICHTHYES: 
DUSSUMIERIIDAE) IZ TUNIZIJSKIH VODA S KOMENTARJI O NJENI 
RAZŠIRJENOSTI V SREDOZEMSKEM MORJU 
Sami MILI, Rym ENNOURI & Sihem RAFRAFI-NOUIRA
Unité de Recherche, Exploitation des Milieux aquatiques, Institut Supérieur de Pêche et d’Aquaculture de Bizerte, 
Université de Carthage, BP 15, 7080 Menzel Jemil, Tunisia
Christian CAPAPÉ
Laboratoire d’Ichtyologie, case 104, Université de Montpellier , 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France
e-mail: capape@univ-montp2.fr
POVZETEK
V zalivu Hammamet v tunizijskih vodah so 13. marca 2020 komercialni ribiči v zaporno plavarico ujeli prime-
rek vrste Etrumeus golanii (Dussumieriidae). Bila je samica, ki je merila 262 mm v dolžino in tehtala 178,22 g. O 
ulovljenem primerku avtorji podajajo morfometrične meritve in meristične podatke. Novi podatek o pojavljanju 
vrste E. golanii potrjuje hitro razširjanje te lesepske selivke v Sredozemskem morju.
Ključne besede: Etrumeus golanii, lesepska selitev, zaliv Hammamet, širjenje areala, Sredozemsko morje
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