— ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------. • • ' ¡ANE2 Lantheri/Lanthieri G re g o r Ladner/Lagner Len art Prauhsperger O s k a r S te tte n fe ld e r |anez Lindauer W o lf M ed iČ /K £DITSCH M atevž P rA n c |ü r||T a tz e l |anezStandinat A n to n L a n th e ri/L a n th ie ri W o lf Posch |uri| G e rin g PaNK* ^ Viliem Praunsperger PeterR eicher V id K h is l |anez W eilham er W o lfg a n c G e b h a rt |anez D o rn |u ri,T iffre r Mi.haeL, F * i KOVIČ Blaž Z a m rl/S a m e rl M a rk o Pregl L e n a r t H r e n / K h r e e n , C h ro n M ih ae l Vodopivec |anez P fä n n e r e lP r 6isS H ochstetter M ark0 S te ttn e r W o lf G a rtn e r |a k o b d e C u rto n i A n d re i V a lch/L ah , V o lk h V e n to rin o T ra v is a n M ihael R o Sj:M M artin Sc hö berl A n to n F e ic h tin g e r A n d re i H re n /K h re e n , C h ro n |ozef Č a ve l/T sch a u ll A dri|an S a litin g e ¡anezVodopivec |anezSonce |anezK rstn ik B ernardin, (G h id in e lli) Adam Eppich Adam Weiss |a n e zK rstnik Verbec | u „ , v ,dič/w ,ditsch H o ra c i, C a rm .n e ll, A n d re |S tro b l K ris to fO tth o G r e c o r K u n s tl M a r k o W i z / W ü t z p l . W i z e n s t e i n ^ ^ C 1 R i an 1 Ludvik S chö nlebl (S chönleben) |uri| B ertas/W ertasch, pl. S c h a rffe n e g |anez R e rin g e r, pl. R e re n b u rg Ian e z M a R'|a 5|Š kon/P iscon |an ez K rstn ik D o ln ič a r /T h a ln its c h e r |anez |erne| B osio G ab rielE d I BarTHAlo tti Graffenhueber | a n e z Krištof Pucher/Bu echerpl. Puchenthall |anez An ton |anežič Jakob H erendler |anez Florian GRaff^ ^ ^ ^ m a ti|a Kristiian/C hristian An t o n Raab |uri| Ambrož Kapuss Franc M atevž ] ^ maTMa/ |anez|uri| Pilgram Anton FrancKsaverWagner |a n ezFriderik Egger |ožef Po to č n ik PeterFister An t o n Po d o b n ik I°ŽE p m c | u r 1|T, tZ, i |«n iz Sia n o in a i An t o h Lantheri/ U nthieu W o l f Poscn |u« i|C e«i» c Panknach Lust i_AFN ! litRI/LAIN l n itM Cj AS P ./1 hem Praunspercer PeterR eicher VidKhisl |anez W eilham er W o lfg a n g G ebhart |a n e z D o rn |u r i|T iffr e r M ih a e l PW y | č B la ž Z a m rl/S a m e rl m a rk o P re g l L e n a rt H re n /K h re e n , C h ro n M ih a e l V odopivec |anez P fa n n e r/P h a n n e r H0 r-)STETTER m arko S tettner W o lfG a rtn e r |akob de C u rto n i A ndre, V alch/Lah, V o lk h V e n to rin o T ra v is a n M i h a e l R o ^ M a rt1 n S c h ö b e r l A n to n F e ic h tin g e r A n d re , H re n /K h re e n , C h ro n . |ožef Č a v e l/T s c h a u ll A d r„a N S a litin g e r M ih a e l R ^ Iahf/ , ODOP17EC |anf/ Sonce ] anez Krstnik Bernardin, (G h id in e lli) Adam Eppich Adam W eiss |anez K rs tn ik Verbec |% v ,D)č/WlD1T| H H o r a c „ C a rm in e ll, A n d re , S tr o b l K r,š to f O t t h o G r e c o r K u n s tl M a rk o W iz/W ütz pl.W izenstein Fran^ C ■ i!h, . 1 1 dJ 1 kSchonlebl(Schöhleben) |u r„ Bertas/W ertasch, pl. Scharffeneg | a n e z R e r i n g e r , pl. R e re n b u rg |anez M a r ,,, ? iš k o n /P is c o n ,ANEZ Krstnik D o ln ič a r/T h a ln its c h e r |anez |erne, B osio G a b rie l Eder pl. E denbur M a t„a de C io r g io F ra n c pl. Graffenhueber |anez Krištof Pucher/B uecher pl. P u c h e n th a ll |anez A n to n |anežič |akob H e re n d le r |anez F lo r,a n G r a f f W | d e n M a t„ a K r ,s t ,|a n /C h r,s t,a n A n to n Raab |u r „ A m brož Kapuss F ranc M atevž Peer |anez M ih a e l Kuk M a t„a B a r th a lo tti 'Iu k, P,lz-pam a n t o n Franc Ksaver W agner |anez Friderik E gger |ožef P o to č n ik P e te rF iste r A n to n P o d o b n ik |o ž Eli K q k a l| A n to n C o d e lli pl. F la c h e n fe ld |a n e z/|o h a n n Rozman |anez/|ohann Nepom uk H radecky |a n e z /|o h a n n F ische r M atiia/ ',lA THiAS Burger M ihaelAm brož Etbin Henrik C osta |ožef/|osip Suppan K a rl D ežm an/Deschm an A n to n Laschan pl. M o * ^ P eter p l. C ra s s e lli ,van H rib a r Ivan T avčar L iu d e v it Perič D in k o P u c V la d im ir R avnihar |u ro A d le š ič L e o n R upnik ^ 7 ^ A lbreht M at„aM aležič |akaAvšič H eliM o d ic M ari,an Derm astia M ar,an |enko M ar,a n Tepina M .NjkKoŠAK T o n e K o v ič M a r,a n R o žič T ,n a T o m l,e N ušaK erševan |o ž e S trg a r D im itri, Rupel V ,k to ri,a P o to č n ik D a n ic a S.ms.c I/D A N O O H S O O i i fN I f i l/V O I iT V f P R V F í.A jA N S K E .C A Ž tJ P A N A L ju b lja n s k i ž u p a n i sko zi čas ¡ 5 0 0 | | | | | U \\I | \ N S k 1 1 1 / U 1 ‘ \ M '\ 5 00 N i \ k n n I I 111 1 L]UBL|ANA m ayo rsthro ug h tim e C titu m ß c " \ íé ^ î- inz J ! '*«»*/OH'*0 1 - 0 5 - 2005/ 3 5 0 N a ž u pa n sk e m m estu v letu 2004 P etstoletnica izvolitve prvega župana Ljubljane omogoča ob izčrpno predstavljenem zgodovinskem gradivu poglobljen razmislek o razsežnostih družbene vloge tega odgovornega poklica. Pol tisočletja je prineslo v življenje mestne skupnosti mogočne preobrazbe, ki se kažejo med drugim v bistveno bolj demokratičnem postopku izvolitve župana: od izbora izmed najpremožnejših dvanajstih notranjih svetnikov v letu 1504 do ne­ posrednih volitev 220.149 volilnih upravičencev s stalnim prebivališčem v Mestni občini Ljubljana na zadnjih županskih volitvah v letu 2002. Več glasovalcev je za opravljanje politične naloge deležen samo predsednik slovenske države. Stopnja zaupanja osrednje lokalne skupnosti, ki je danes potrebna za župansko vodenje Lju­ bljane, je v sorazmerju s prostorsko razširitvijo mesta od treh okrožij stare Ljubljane v današnjo velikoljubljansko mestno-podeželsko Mestno občino Ljubljana, s sorazmerno povečanim številom prebivalstva in predvsem z vlogo državne prestolnice. Prav prestolnična vloga postavlja mesto v povsem nove družbene koordinate, saj je Ljubljana poslej valilnica idej, razvojno merilo in osrednja reprezentančna točka slovenstva. V Ljubljani si poiščejo dom in delo tisti nadarjeni Slovenci in Slovenke, ki želijo prispevati svoj delež v slovensko umetnost in kulturo, znanost, gos­ podarstvo in državno upravo. Čedalje bolj jo odkrivajo tudi številni Evropejci in prebivalci drugih celin in si jo izberejo za svoj dom, ker v duhovnem ozračju mesta in ljubeznivosti tukajšnjih ljudi najdejo prostor za polno ustvarjalno življenje in delo. To Ljubljano postavlja v globalni kontekst z vsemi prednostmi, pa tudi zahtevno soodvisnostjo, ki jota položaj prinaša. Razumljivo je, da v takih okoliščinah župan mesta ne more več enoumno avtoritativno usmerjati, ampak lahko le sproža sinergične učinke ob skrajno občutljivem razumevanju prav vsakogar, ki svoje delo in življenje ustvar­ jalno posveča skupnosti. Če se nam v četrtem ženskem mandatu posreči omogočiti vse tiste osebne pobude ali vsaj kar največ tistega, kar raste v trajno dobro tega prostora, smemo to šteti za najboljši temelj nove kva­ litete lokalne samouprave v mestu. V tekmovalnem svetovnem okolju, zaznamovanem s kapitalom kot merilom moči in odnosa do soljudi in živ­ ljenjskega okolja, ni lahko in ni poceni vztrajati pri tistih trajnih vrednotah, ki so brez dvoma prve konkurenčne prednosti Ljubljane: umetnosti in kulturi v najširšem pomenu, socialnem in vzgojno-izobraževalnem nadstan- dardu, neokrnjenem okolju s čisto pitno vodo in osebni varnosti. Ti dosežki so zagotovo manj spektakularni od velikih projektov, ki jih mesto v vsakem primeru lahko izpelje le v daljšem časovnem obdobju, sprožajo pa tisto notranje zadovoljstvo, izpolnjenost in zaupanje v medsebojno solidarnost, iz katerih se prej ali slej porodi tudi možnost za večje premike v materialnem standardu mesta. V tem pogledu prav zdaj ustvarjamo nove vzvode v povezovanju z zasebnim kapitalom in evropskimi strukturnimi skladi, iz katerih je današnja mestna uprava že sposobna pridobiti znatna sredstva, saj načrtno usposablja strokovnjake z izvirnimi zamislimi. V novih življenjskih okoliščinah je ob pogledu na poltisočletno župansko izročilo Ljubljane županska odgovor­ nost še veliko bolj zavezujoča, ima pa s pričujočo knjigo župan pred sabo vse drugače oživljene sogovornike, kot jih je imel doslej, in tako tudi zaupanje v njihovo dobrohotno prišepetavanje v času, ko si na tem mestu sredi nenehnih pogovorov in srečevanj nujno sam s presojo po svoji spretnosti, zmožnosti in osebni poštenosti, kot je nekoč naročal cesar Maksimiljan I. prvemu ljubljanskemu županu. D anica Simšič županja Mestne občine Ljubljana he quincentenniary of the election of the first mayor of Ljubljana allows, in addition to an exhaustive pre­ sentation of the historical material, profound thought on the extent of the social role of this responsible profession. Half a millennium has brought mighty changes to the life of the city community, which appear among other things in the essentially more democratic process of electing the mayor: from selection from among the wealthiest twelve inner councillors in 1504 to direct election by 220,149 registered voters with permanent resi­ dence in the Urban Municipality of Ljubljana at the last mayoral elections in 2002. Only the president of the Slovene states is elected by more voters for performing a political task. The level of trust of the central local community needed today for mayoral leadership of Ljubljana is in proportion to the spatial enlargement of the city from the three districts of old Ljubljana into today’s greater urban-rural Urban Municipality of Ljubljana, with a proportionate increase in the number of inhabitants and, above all, with the position of state capital. Precisely the role of capital sets the city in entirely new social coordinates, since Ljubljana is henceforth the hatchery of ideas, development standards and the central representative point of the Slovene nation. Talen­ ted Slovenes wishing to contribute their share to Slovene art and culture, science, the economy and state administration, seek home and work in Ljubljana. It is also being discovered by more and more Europeans and inhabitants of other continents, and chosen as their home because they have found space for fully creative life and work in the spiritual atmosphere of the city and the kindness of the people. This sets Ljubljana in a global context, with all the advantages, as well as the necessary co-dependence, that this position brings. It is understandable that in such circumstances the mayor of the city can no longer authoritatively impose a single will, but can only trigger synergetic effects with the extremely sensitive understanding of anyone who creatively devotes their work and life to the community. If, in the fourth term of office of a lady mayor, we succeed in all the individual initiatives, or at least as many as possible, that grow to the permanent good of this space, we may consider this to be the best foundations of new quality self-government in the city. In a competitive world environment, marked by capital as the measure of power and attitudes to fellow people and the living environment, it is not easy and not cheap to stick to those durable values that are undoubtedly Ljubljana’s primary competitive advantage: art and culture in the widest sense, social and educational stan­ dards above the norm, an unspoilt environment, with clean drinking water and personal security. These achievements are certainly less spectacular than large projects, which the city can in any case only carry out in the long term, but give rise to the inner satisfaction, fullness and confidence in mutual solidarity from which sooner or later is born the way of greater shifts in the material standard of the city. From that point of view, we are at this very moment creating new levers in connecting with private capital and European structural funds, from which today’s city administration is already capable of obtaining significant funds, since it deliberately trains experts with original ideas. In the new circumstances of life, together with a look at the half millennium of mayoral tradition of Ljubljana, the mayoral responsibility is a great deal more binding, but with the present book, the mayor has before her completely different interlocutors brought to life than she, or he, had to date, and thus also confidence in their benevolent prompting at times when, in this position, in the midst of constant discussions and meetings, it is necessary to make one’s own judgement to the best of one’s skill, capacity and personal integrity, as Emperor Maximilian I once ordered the first Ljubljana mayor. D anica Simšič županja Mestne občine Ljubljana U v o d n a b esed a a v to rjev L jubljana je bila v svoji zgodovini posebno in pomembno mesto. Bila je glavno mesto dežele Kranjske in Ilirskih provinc, središče Slovencev, glavno mesto federalne enote (republike), danes pa je prestolnica samostojne države, članice evropske skupnosti. Prav tako je tudi njeno župansko mesto - izpostavljeno in odgovorno. Predstavniki ljubljanskih meščanov so oblikovali razvoj mesta in si zaslužijo biti zapisani kot soust­ varjalci njegovega napredka. V poltisočletnem obdobju (1504-2004) je Ljubljano predstavljalo in vodilo 109 županov in 4 županje. Kdo so bili ljubljanski župani in županje? Kje so se rodili, šolali? Kdaj so opravljali župansko funkcijo? Kakšnega videza so bili, kakšen je bil njihov rodbinski grb ali pečat mestne uprave? Kako so se podpisovali in kaj je bilo pomembno ali zanimivo med njihovim županovanjem? To so bila vprašanja, ki smo si jih avtorji pričujoče knjige zastavili na začetku raziskovanja. Prizadevali smo si, da bi bili odgovori čim bolj popolni. Iskali smo jih v litera­ turi, arhivskem gradivu Zgodovinskega arhiva Ljubljana in Arhiva Republike Slovenije, glede slikovnega gradiva smo za sodelovanje poprosili: Narodni muzej, Narodno galerijo, Mestni muzej, Arhiv Republike Slovenije, Narodno in univerzitetno knjižnico, Muzej novejše zgodovine, Slovensko akademijo znanosti in umetnosti ter vse še živeče župane, kar enajst, da tudi sami s svojega zornega kota osvetlijo dobo svojega županovanja. Vsem institucijam, posameznikom ter županom in županjam se za njihovo sodelovanje ob tej priložnosti iskreno zah­ valjujemo. Trije avtorji knjige smo si delo razdelili tako, da je dr. Damjan Hančič pripravil seznam županov od leta 1504 do 1820, mag. Sonja Anžič od leta 1820 do 1945 in Tatjana Šenk od leta 1945 do 2004. V veliki sejni dvorani ljubljanskega Magistrata se nahaja seznam ljubljanskih županov. Na spominskih ploščah so vklesana imena in priimki ter letnice županovanja od prvega župana |aneza Lanthierija leta 1504 do Viktorije Potočnik leta 1998. V primerjavi z našim pregledom se le-ta malenkostno razlikuje v dveh obdobjih, in sicer v začetnem ter v času druge svetovne vojne. V začetnem obdobju nastajajo razlike zato, ker iz tega časa skoraj ni ohranjenih pisnih virov (vsaj ne pred letom 1521), ki bi verodostojno dokazovali oziroma potrjevali delovanje določenega župana, zato raziskave temeljijo na sekundarnih virih, ki pa se odkrivajo postopoma, skoraj pravi­ loma naključno. Od leta 1521 dalje so že ohranjeni zapisniki sej občinskega zastopa, sprva imenovani sodni protokoli, ki že vsebujejo navedbo sodnika, župana ter članov notranjega in zunanjega sveta, kasneje župana in članov občinskega sveta, in tako verodostojno izpričujejo čas in delovanje posameznega župana. Zapisniki, ki so z manjšimi časovnimi presledki ohranjeni do danes, tudi za leta med drugo svetovno vojno, izpričujejo, da je Ljubljana formalno imela župana, zato smo ga tudi mi uvrstili v seznam. Na spominskih ploščah so za medvojno obdobje zapisani sekretarji mestne partijske organizacije. Predstavitev oziroma navedb ljubljanskih županov je lahko več vrst in oblik. Avtorji knjige se zavedamo, da bi bilo za več kot polovico županov moč napisati obsežne članke, pa tudi knjige, kjer bi bila iz različnih zornih kotov predstavljena doba posameznega župana; toda naše vodilo pri pripravi knjige je bilo, da jo napišemo poljudno, jedrnato in privlačno, takšno, ki jo bo želel vzeti v roke vsak Ljubljančan oziroma vsak, ki ga zanima, kdo in kakšni so bili ljubljanski župani in županje. Seveda pa knjige ne bi bilo brez podpore direktorja Zgodovin­ skega arhiva Ljubljana mag. Braneta Kozina, Ministrstva za kulturo Republike Slovenije ter finančne podpore Mestne občine Ljubljane in županje, gospe Danice Simšič. Vsem se lepo zahvaljujemo. So n |A Anžič, Dam|an H ančič, Tat|ana Šenk Ljubljana, september 2004 jubljana has been a special and important city through-out its history. It was the capital of the Province of Carniola and the Illyrian Provinces, the centre of the Slovenes, the capital of a federal unit (republic), and today the capital of an independent state, a member of the European community. Similarly, the position of mayor has been prominent and responsible. The representatives of the Ljubljana citizenry moulded the development of the city and deserve to be recorded as co-creators of its progress. Over the course of half a millennium (1504-2004), Ljubljana has been represented and lead by 109 mayors and four mayoresses. Who were they? Where were they born, educated? When did they perform the function of mayor? What was their appearance, what did their family coat-of-arms look like or the seal of the city ad­ ministration? These were questions which the authors of this book set at the beginning of their research. We have tried to give as complete answers as possible. We sought them in the literature, archive material of the Historical Archive Ljubljana and the Archive of the Republic of Slovenia, and in connection with pictorial ma­ terial, we asked the following for cooperation: National Museum of Slovenia, National Gallery, City Museum of Ljubljana, National and University Library, National Museum of Contemporary History, Slovenian Academy of Sciences and arts and all living mayors, of which there are eleven, in order for them also to shed light on their own period in office. We would like to take this opportunity to thank sincerely all institutions, individuals and mayors for their cooperation. The three authors of the book divided the work such that Dr. Damjan Hančič prepared the list of mayors from 1504 to 1820, Mag. Sonja Anžič from 1820 to 1945 and Tatjana Šenk from 1945 to 2004. A list of Ljubljana mayors is located in the large session chamber of Ljubljana Magistrat. The names and surna­ mes and the dates of their mayorship are engraved on memorial plaques, from the first mayor, |anez Lanthieri in 1504 to Viktorija Potočnik in 1998. Two periods differ slightly from the point of view of our presentation, that at the beginning and during the Second World War. The initial period differs in that there are almost no written sources preserved from that time (at Least not prior to 1521), which would reliably show or confirm the activities of specific mayors, so research is based on secondary sources, which are being discovered gradually, almost as a rule by chance. From 152! onwards the minutes have been preserved of sessions of the municipal representatives, at first called judicial protocols, the majority of which already contain the statements of the judge, mayor and members of the inner and outer councils, later the mayor and members of the municipal council, and thus reliably testify to the times and activities of an individual mayor. The minutes, which with mi­ nor breaks have been preserved until today, including for the years during the Second World War, testify that Ljubljana even in this period formally had a mayor, so we have included him in the list. On memorial plaques are for war period written secretaries of the city party organisation. A presentation or statement of Ljubljana mayors could be of various types and forms, and the authors of the book are aware that it would have been possible to write an extensive article or even a book about more than half of the mayors listed, in which the period of an individual mayor would be presented from various points of view; however, our guide in preparing the book was that it be written and formed in such a way that it could be taken up by any Ljubljana citizen or anyone interested in who and what kind of mayors Ljubljana has had. The book could not of course have been written without the support of the director of the Historical Archive Ljubljana, Mag. Brane Kozina, the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Slovenia and the financial support of the Urban Municipality of Ljubljana and the mayoress, Mrs. Danica Simšič. We thank everybody very much. So n |A Anžič, Dam|an H ančič, Tat|ana Šenk Ljubljana, september 2004 12 TF Ž u p a n , p r e d s t a v n ik m esta P red letom 1504 je funkcijo župana v Ljubljani opravljal mestni sodnik, ki je poleg sodne funkcije imel tudi različne upravne naloge. Njegov mandat je trajal eno leto. Prvi v listinah omenjeni ljubljanski mestni sodnik Urban Pucel je izpričan leta 1269. Mestno oblast so v “predžupanskem” obdobju sestav­ ljali: mestni sodnik ter notranji (12 članov) in zunanji svet (24 članov). Notranji svet je zastopal interese bogatejših meščanov in je bil dejansko edina prava oblast v mestu (nekakšna mestna vlada), zunanji svet pa je imel veliko manj pristojnosti. Poleg njih je od leta 1472 delovala še t. i. skupščina, ki je štela 64 članov in je bila sestavljena iz širšega sloja meščanov. O b vsakokratnih “volitvah” je imel zunanji svet kot širši organ pravico odpoklicati iz notranjega sveta kot ožjega organa določeno število članov, nakar je notranji svet sam imenoval (kooptiral) nove člane iz širšega sveta, pri čemer ni smel izbrati pravkar odpoklicanih članov. Sistem imenujemo mutacija. Mutacija je bila v ljubljanskem notranjem svetu odpravljena z odlokom cesarja Ferdinanda z dne 7. decembra 1628 in od tedaj naprej je bil mandat notranjih svetnikov dosmrten. V zunan­ jem svetu pa je bila mutacija odpravljena sredi leta 1692. Dne 29. februarja 1504 je kralj* Maksimilijan I. z listino, izdano v Augsburgu, Ljubljani dovolil za upravne na­ loge voliti župana kot najvišji politično-upravni organ. Tako je mestni sodnik poslej opravljal le sodne posle, župan pa upravne. Mandat obeh je trajal eno leto; na funkcijo sta bila lahko izvoljena tudi večkrat. Zupana so volili na petek pred sv. Marjeto (20. julija), sodnika pa na sv. jakoba (25. julija). O b tem je potrebno povedati, da je bila delitev med županom in sodnikom smiselna v starejših časih, ko je sodnik predstavljal mestnega gos­ poda (vtem primeru deželnega kneza), župana pa so volili meščani. Zato so bili župani v starejših habsburških mestih precej pogosti. Čeprav je Ljubljana imela že zelo zgodaj pravico voliti mestnega sodnika, je do župana v primerjavi z ostalimi notranjeavstrijskimi deželnimi središči prišla razmeroma pozno, pa še to bolj iz prestižnih Maksimilijan I. Habsburški je bil nemški kralj od leta I486, cesar pa je postal šele leta 1508. 13 ««— o- razlogov kot iz potrebe. Kljub temu je bila v tistem času edino mesto na Kranjskem, ki je smela voliti župana kot najvišjega nosilca mestne avtonomije, saj so ostala kranjska mesta in trgi še naprej volili le mestnega oz. trškega sodnika. Zupan je moral, po besedah listine kralja Maksimilijana iz leta 1504, “imeti pred očmi čast in korist vladarja in svojega mesta ter delati vse, kar je županova pravica, dolžnost in običaj”. O b izvolitvi je moral tudi priseči. Duhovščini, plemstvu in podložnikom je cesar ukazal, da župana ne smejo v ničemer ovirati pri opravljanju dolžnosti. V času reformacije, katere pristaši so bili tudi nekateri ljubljanski župani, se je deželni knez po vicedomu vtikal v volitve županov in skušal doseči izvolitev katoličana, kar pa mu zaradi protestantske večine v mestnem svetu ni uspelo vedno. Z rastočim absolutizmom pritisk deželnega kneza na mestno samoupravo sicer ni prenehal, kljub temu pa v tem obdobju ni prišlo do odkritega nastopa proti njej in Ljubljana je, tako kot ostala notranje­ avstrijska mesta, vse do konca 18. stoletja obdržala neko stopnjo samoupravne mestne avtonomije. Mesto je še vedno prosilo in dobilo pri deželnem knezu potrditev svojih starih pravic in svoboščin. Kakšen naj bi bil “vzo­ ren” ljubljanski župan in katere so bile njegove glavne naloge, kaže cesarjeva instrukcija mestu Ljubljani iz leta 1718. Tako župan ni smel izrabljati svojega vpliva pri volitvah novega župana, poskrbeti je moral, da so se prisp­ ele prošnje hitro predložile v reševanje mestnemu svetu; za odloke višjih oblasti pa je moral poskrbeti, da so jih čim hitreje uresničevali. Zupan naj bi tudi poskrbel, da so se vsi njegovi svetovalci udeleževali sej, da se je vsak prepir v mestni upravi hitro polegel; sicer pa je moral tudi preprečiti “vse škodljivo sovraštvo in natolcevanje”. Prav tako je moral vse od višjih oblasti prispele odloke odpirati v navzočnosti mestnega sveta, oziroma, če tega ni bilo mogoče sklicati, vsaj v navzočnosti mestnega sodnika, pisarja in dveh ali treh svetovalcev; pozneje pa naj bi vsebino odlokov prebrali mestnemu svetu. Na vsako sejo je moral povabiti zunanje svetovalce po vrstnem redu t. i. svetovalne tabele. Sejam sta lahko prisostvovala kvečjemu še namestnika špitalskega mojstra in bla­ gajnika. Zupan je moral zastopnikom in pooblaščencem zunanjega sveta in občine dovoliti, da so se sestali vedno, kadar so to želeli. Vsi mestni uradniki, ki so kakorkoli poslovali z denarjem, so morali županu vsako leto predložiti obračun poslovanja. Zanimiva je bila tudi navada, da je moral župan, če je želel odpotovati iz mesta, dobiti dovoljenje notranjega sveta ter za ta čas imenovati namestnika. Vse seje mestnega sveta so morale po­ tekati na rotovžu. Zupan brez vednosti mestnega sveta ni smel izdati nobenega dekreta, ničesar posoditi, prav tako česarkoli mestnega odsvojiti, prodati ali darovati; moral je skrbeti za poplačila mestnih posojil in izterjavo mestnih dolgov. Vsakoletni odstop župana je potekal tako, da je notranji svet poslal svoja člana po dotedan­ jega župana, ki sta ga pripeljala v svečanem spremstvu na rotovž. Zupan je z nagovorom odložil svojo službo in oddal znake službe: usnjeno torbo, kjer so bile shranjene mestne listine in važnejši spisi, mestne ključe in mestno skrinjico. Nato se mu je mestni sodnik zahvalil za opravljeno delo, nakar sta ga dva člana notranjega sveta spet pospremila domov. Pravkar opisana ureditev se je obdržala vse do konca 18. stoletja, ko je absolutistični vladar v začetku osemdese­ tih let 18. stoletja, podobno kot na ostala področja družbenega in političnega življenja, zelo radikalno posegel tudi na področje lokalne oz. mestne avtonomije. Že jeseni 1783 je izdal ukaz o preoblikovanju mestne uprave na avstrijskem ozemlju; najprej za glavno mesto Dunaj. Za Ljubljano so spremembe pripravljali od konca leta 1783 do začetka 1785. Ob pregledu mestnega gospodarstva so ugotovili slabo finančno poslovanje in veliko zadolženost mesta; mestni dolgovi so znašali okrog 160.000 goldinarjev. Tako se je leta 1785 končalo leta 1504 začeto obdobje, ko sta bila na čelu ljubljanske avtonomije mestni sodnik in župan. V tem obdobju je bila funkcija mestnega sodnika popolnoma odpravljena. Od tedaj naprej si je moral župan od okrožnih (kresijskih) centralnih organov pridobiti t. i. spričevalo izvoljivosti. Tako je bila na mesto župana in magistratnega svetnika Lahko izvoljena le oseba, ki je opravila izpit na apelacijskem sodišču in ji je gubernij izdal dekret o primerni kvalifikaciji. S tem je centralna oblast ostro posegla na področje lokalne oz. mestne samouprave. Na čelu mestne samouprave je bil župan s tremi svetniki, ki so skupaj z mestnim tajnikom prevzeli pristojnosti mestnega sodnika, sindika in pisarja. Izvoljena ožja skupina je dobila ime magistrat. Zupan in mestni organi so bili stalno plačani državni uradniki in zato ne toliko zastopniki meščanstva kot organi deželnega kneza, s čimer so postali bolj ali manj le izvrševalci ukazov in nalog državnih oblasti. Od leta 1808 je župane večjih mest imenoval cesar neposredno. V času Ilirskih provinc (1809-1813) so Francozi na področju lokalne samouprave v večjih mestih (med katere je spadala tudi Ljubljana) ustanovili komune (merije), ki jim je predsedoval župan - mer. Njim so bili dodeljeni pristavi (adjonti) in svetniki. Komune oz. “francoske” občine niso imele prave avtonomije, predstavljale so le splošno upravno oblastvo najnižje stopnje. Po odhodu Francozov iz Ljubljane konec leta 1813 je bila na ozemlju bivših Ilirskih provinc obnovljena avs­ trijska oblast, vendar popolna vzpostavitev starega stanja ni bila mogoča. Na najnižjem nivoju uprave so formalno odpravili organizacijo komun, dejansko pa ne, saj so na njihovi podlagi ustanovili tako imenovane glavne občine, “Hauptgemeinden”. V Ljubljani, ki se je od drugih mest razlikovala po tem, da je bila dežel­ no glavno mesto, je bil vzpostavljen upravno-ekonomski magistrat kot državna politična oblast za mesto, na čelu katerega je bil župan, ki ga je imenoval cesar. Njegove pristojnosti vse do srede 19. stoletja niso bile natančno določene. Sreda 19. stoletja pa je pomenila korak naprej na področju organizacije mestne uprave. Sprejeta so bila pravila oziroma “redi”, ki so uvedli temelje moderne mestne uprave. Ljubljana je kot deželno glavno mesto dobila svoj (lastni) občinski red, takrat imenovan “Začasna srenjska postava za deželno glavno mesto Lju­ bljana”. Bila je izvzeta iz splošne deželne zakonodaje o občinah in v prenesenem delovnem področju po­ drejena sprva namestništvom, kasneje deželnim vladam (ko se te oblikujejo) in ne okrajnim glavarstvom. Zupana ali “purgermojstra” so volili izmed tridesetčlanskega občinskega odbora. Pri volitvah je moralo biti navzočih najmanj dve tretjini odbornikov, izvoljen pa je bil, če je dobil več kot polovico glasov vseh občin­ skih odbornikov. Zupanov mandat je trajal tri leta. Njegovo izvolitev je moral potrditi tudi cesar, kar ni bila samo formalnost. Sele po cesarjevi potrditvi je župan zaprisegel pred občinskim odborom in predstavnikom višje oblasti, kateremu je moral predložiti lastnoročno podpisano prisego. Besedilo zapriseg je bilo v vsem obdobju do leta 1945 zelo podobno: da bodo zvesti cesarju, kasneje kralju, ravnali po ustavi in vestno iz­ polnjevali zakone. Po zaprisegi je lahko pričel opravljati župansko službo. Imel je namestnika, ki ga je ob­ činski odbor volil po izvolitvi župana. Njegov mandat je trajal eno leto. Nadomeščal je župana, kadar je bil zadržan. Zupan je bil neposredni vodja magistrata, ki je bil poleg župana sestavljen še iz petih občinskih od­ bornikov, izvoljenih izmed članov občinskega odbora za eno leto, ter enega ali po potrebi več svetovalcev in potrebnih pomožnih oseb. Skupaj z magistratom je bil izvršilni organ občine pod nadzorom občinskega odbora. Bil je odgovoren za občinska opravila, razporejal je delo članom magistrata in imel disciplinsko oblast nad mestnimi uradniki. Predstavljal je občino kot moralna oseba na zunaj kakor tudi v civilno-pravnih in upravnih zadevah. Po dolžnosti je izvrševal sklepe občinskega odbora. Ce je bil mnenja, da so ti v naspro­ tju z občinskimi predpisi ali splošno veljavnimi zakoni, je bila njegova dolžnost, da je z izvršitvijo počakal in tak sklep takoj naznanil deželnemu poglavarju. Zupan je skliceval seje, ki so bile praviloma javne. Ce je župan ali najmanj šest odbornikov želelo, da jih za javnost zaprejo, so to lahko storili. Praviloma je moral biti navzoč na vsaki seji občinskih odbornikov. Ce je kdaj manjkal, je moral biti navzoč njegov namestnik, sicer seja ni bila veljavna. Zupan je imel dolžnost sklicati sejo tudi, če je to pisno zahtevala tretjina odbornikov, ali če je tako odredil deželni poglavar. Vse, o čemer so razpravljali na seji, je moralo pisati v zapisniku. Za svoje delo je dobival plačilo in prejemke, ki jih je določil občinski odbor. Opisana določila o županski funkciji so v grobem ostala enaka v vsem obdobju stare Avstrije in so jo tudi preživela. Leta 1934 je začel veljati Zakon o mestnih občinah, ki je prinesel spremembo poimenovanja predstavnika mesta: naziv župan je zamenjal predsednik mestnega sveta, ki je tedaj štel 54 članov. Mestni občini Lju­ bljana so se leta 1935 priključile okoliške občine in osnovala se je tako imenovana “Velika Ljubljana”. Pred predsednikom mestne občine so bile nove naloge, kako bivšo “agrarno okolico” vključiti v dotedanje poslovanje občine. Zakon je sicer predpisoval, da bodo predsednika s štiriletnim mandatom in dve tretjini članov mestnega sveta volili na splošnem, enakem, neposrednem in javnim glasovanju, tretjino članov mestnega sveta pa bo postavil ban. Vendar do volitev ni prišlo in decembra 1935 so bili z ukazom kraljevih namestnikov imenovani tako predsednik kot tudi vsi člani mestnega sveta. Zaprisegli so pri bogu, da bodo zvesti kralju in domovini, spoštovali ustavne in državne zakone, čuvali državno in narodno enotnost, svoje dolžnosti izvajali točno in vestno zastopali ter branili samoupravne in državne koristi. Vsebina funkcije žu­ pana, ki so ga takrat sicer imenovali predsednik mestne občine, pa se vsebinsko ni spremenila veliko. Se vedno je bil predstavnik mesta v vseh njegovih odnosih in poslih ter tudi izvršilni organ mestnega sveta in šef vse mestne administracije. Skliceval je seje mestnega sveta, ki so bile praviloma javne. Delovanje mestne samouprave je državna uprava nadzorovala z banom. Predstavnik nadzornega oblastva je imel pravico biti navzoč na sejah mestnega sveta, nadzorno oblastvo pa je smelo kadarkoli pregledati poslovanje mestnih organov in uslužbencev in zahtevati potrebna poročila. Minister za notranje zadeve je lahko razrešil predsednika mestne občine, podpredsednika ali posamezne člane mestnega sveta. Predsedniku občine je bila z mestnim statutom določena stalna odškodnina za opravljanje njegovih dolžno­ sti kot letna ali mesečna plača. S pričetkom druge svetovne vojne in z italijansko zasedbo Ljubljane sprva ni prišlo do sprememb, leta 1942 pa je visoki komisar izdal naredbo, da v občinah pokrajine postavijo župane in občinske sosvete. Imenovanje župana s štiriletno mandatno dobo je bilo v pristojnosti visokega komisarja, ki ga je lahko tudi kadarkoli odstavil. Zupan je opravljal posle, ki jih je zakon o občinah narekoval predsedniku občine, občinski upravi in občinskemu odboru. Zupanove odločbe je izvrševal občinski tajnik. Zapisnike sej mestnega sveta so za­ menjali županski sklepi. Zupan je izdajal sklepe ob sodelovanju generalnega tajnika, obsegali pa so veči­ noma zadeve mestnih uslužbencev glede rodbinskih doklad, draginjskih podpor, pokojnin in taksnih zadev. Med njimi pa sta tudi sklepa o preimenovanju ulic in računskem zaključku. Po kapitulaciji Italije septembra 1943 je bil dotedanji župan imenovan za šefa pokrajinske uprave in do konca vojne je posle župana opravljal generalni tajnik, ker župan ni bil postavljen. Na drugi strani je med vojno ilegalno oblast v Ljubljani prevzela Osvobodilna fronta in njeni odbori. V mest­ ni upravi so na magistratu organizirali matični odbor, ki je deloval ilegalno in organiziral odpor vse do leta 1945, ko je 9. maja 1945 prevzel oblast kot magistratni osvobodilni odbor. Prvi narodnoosvobodilni odbor kot oblastni organ so v Ljubljani izvolili 27. julija 1945 in s tem je prenehal delovati tudi magistratni osvo­ bodilni odbor. Po osvoboditvi leta 1945 so prevzeli oblast ljudski odbori na različnih stopnjah, od kraja do republike; v me­ stih so bili mestni ljudski odbori. Ljudski odbori so bili izvoljeni predstavniški organi, ki so izmed sebe izvolili izvršilni odbor kot kolegijski organ. Ta je izvrševal (opravljal) naloge, ki so pripadale odborom po ustavi in za­ konih. Ljudski odbori so bili “najvišji organi državne oblasti” v zadevah lokalnega pomena, izvoljeni pa so bili za tri Leta. Pristojnosti in naloge mestnih odborov lokalnega pomena so bile med drugim: gradnja in uprav­ ljanje zgradb in stanovanj, pospeševanje, razvoj in širitev razsvetljave in ogrevanja, urejanje mestnega prome­ ta, ustanavljanje hotelov, zdravstvenih ustanov, zavetišč, kopališč, kinematografov, knjižnic in drugih javnih ustanov. Prisego so župan in odborniki opravili na prvem zasedanju ljudskega odbora. Bila je enaka za vso drža­ vo in je bila leta 1946 objavljena v Splošnem zakonu o ljudskih odborih. Predsednik ljudskega odbora je bil torej predstavnik državne oblasti na lokalni ravni in je moral biti zato član ko­ munistične partije. Formalno so bili člani ljudskega odbora odgovorni volivcem, ki so jih lahko tudi odpoklicali, dejansko pa nadrejenim ljudskim odborom (republiški in zvezni skupščini). Ljubljano je vodil 63-članski mestni “plenum”, v izvršni odbor pa je bilo izvoljenih 16 članov. Prvič so dobile aktivno in pasivno volilno pravico tudi ženske in v prvi mestni plenum je bilo izvoljenih devet odbornic, od teh sta bili dve v izvršnem odboru. S prevzemanjem gospodarstva v roke države (mesta), večanjem upravnih nalog in administrativnim vodenjem gospodarstva se je večalo število članov izvršnega odbora. Leta 1948 se je število članov mestnega ljudskega odbora povečalo na 120 (od tega 12 žensk), izvolili pa so 18-članski izvršni odbor. Vsi člani izvršnega odbora so bili od takrat polno zaposleni in so prejemali plačo. Predsednik izvršnega odbora je bil istočasno tudi sekretar mestnega komiteja KPS (v letih od 1948 do 1951). Z opuščanjem administrativnega gospodarstva se je tudi zmanjševalo število članov izvršnega odbora, ki je od leta 1951 štel le še 12 članov, predsednik pa ni bil več obenem sekretar Mestnega komiteja KPS. S tem je bila formalno izvedena ločitev oblastne in politične funkcije, ostalo pa je načelo, da mora biti predsednik ljudskega odbora član komunistične partije. Splošni zakon o ljudski odborih je leta 1952 ukinil izvršne odbore, vso oblast je prevzel Ljudski odbor, ki je mor­ al na svojih sejah odločati o vseh pomembnejših zadevah mesta. Število sej in obseg zapisnikov sta se izjemno povečala, vse upravne in druge funkcije pa je opravljal predsednik ljudskega odbora (in ne več izvršnega sveta). Tega leta se je število odbornikov zvišalo na 137. Mestni ljudski odbor je bil razdeljen na mestni zbor in zbor proizvajalcev, ki sta imela seje vsak zase in nato še skupne; na vseh sejah pa so morali sprejeti odloke s popol­ noma enakim besedilom. Leta 1955 je bil mestni ljudski odbor ukinjen in ustanovljen Okrajni ljudski odbor Ljubljana in novi občinski ljud­ ski odbori. V novem okraju je bilo 23 občin, od tega kar devet mestnih. Za opravljanje skupnih zadev mestnega urbanističnega, komunalnega in socialno-ekonomskega življenja je bil ustanovljen Mestni svet Ljubljana, ki je bil v začetku le posvetovalni organ in je dajal občinskim skupščinam priporočila. Z leti so se pristojnosti mestnega sveta večale in leta 1964 so sprejeli Statut mesta Ljubljane. Mestni svet je sicer lahko izdajal odloke, izvrševali pa so jih občinski organi, deloma pa tudi organi mestnega sveta. Imel je 65 članov, njihov mandat je trajal štiri Leta. Izmed sebe so izvolili predsednika in enega ali dva podpredsed­ nika. Predsednik mestnega sveta je predstavljal mestni svet in zastopal mesto, skliceval in vodil seje, skrbel za izvrševanje sklepov in opravljal druge zadeve, ki so mu bile poverjene. Območje mesta Ljubljane je obsegalo območje petih mestnih občin: Ljubljana Bežigrad, Ljubljana Center, Ljubljana Moste-Polje, Ljubljana Šiška in Ljubljana Vič-Rudnik. Poslovnik je določal, da odborniki dajo in nato podpišejo slovesno izjavo na prvi seji skupščine. Odbornik, ki ni bil navzoč, je podal slovesno izjavo kasneje pred predsednikom mestne skupščine, ki je o tem poročal skupščini. Po novih ustavnih amandmajih se je aprila 1969 mestni svet preimenoval v mestno skupščino. Skupščina je imela dva zbora: mestni zbor in zbor delovnih skupnosti, skupaj sta štela sto odbornikov. Statut Skupščine mesta Ljubljane je podrobno določil pravice mesta v zadevah iz pristojnosti občin, ki so bile skupnega pome­ na (npr. urbanistični plan, komunalno in stanovanjsko gospodarstvo, skrb za srednje šolstvo in domove itd.). Mestna skupščina je sprejemala mestni proračun, za posebne naloge pa je lahko ustanavljala sklade ali razpisala samoprispevke. Nova ustava je leta 1974 določila tudi novo sestavo mestne skupščine. Sestavljali so jo trije zbori: zbor zdru­ ženega dela (80 delegatov), zbor občin (40 delegatov) in družbenopolitični zbor (30 delegatov), kar je zelo upočasnilo in zapletlo delo. Skupščina je izvolila predsednika skupščine in oblikovala 15-članski izvršni svet za mandatno obdobje štirih let. Razdelitev mesta na pet občin in skupščine na tri zbore je trajala vse do novega Zakona o lokalni samoupravi decembra 1993, ki je na nivoju mesta uvedel razlikovanje med državnimi in samoupravnimi organi. Prve nepo­ sredne volitve župana so potekale 4. decembra 1994. Mesto se je januarja 1995 združilo v Mestno občino Ljubljana, ki ji je spet načeloval župan, saj se je neformalni naziv župan za predsednika ohranjal vsa povojna leta. Mestni svet, ki ga vodi župan, ima 45 članov. Zupan predstavlja mestni svet, ga sklicuje in vodi njegove seje, ima tudi pravico, da zadrži objavo splošnega akta, če meni, da je nezakonit. Zupanove pristojnosti so med drugim: gospodarjenje s premoženjem, skrb za izvajanje odločitev mestnega sveta, določitev sistemizacije de­ lovnih mest, imenovanje podžupanov in direktorja mestne uprave, odločanje o upravnih zadevah iz pristojnosti mestnega sveta. Zupan je izvoljen na neposrednih in tajnih volitvah, zato glede svojega mandata ni odvisen od mestnega sveta, mestni svet in volivci ga ne morejo odpoklicati. Nova zakonodaja je ostro razmejila med državnimi in lokalnimi nalogami - nove občine imajo pristojnosti samo v lokalnih zadevah, državne zadeve pa opravljajo upravne enote, ki se po velikosti teritorija prekrivajo z nekdanjimi občinami. rior to 1504, the function of mayor in Ljubljana was performed by the city judge, who carried out various administrative tasks in addition to the judicial function. His term of office lasted a year. The first docu­ mentary evidence of a Ljubljana city judge (Urban Pucel) dates from 1269. The city authorities in the “pre- mayoral” period consisted of the city judge and inner (12 members) and outer (24 members) councils. The inner council represented the interests of the wealthier citizens and was actually the only real authority in the city (a kind of city government), and the outer council had far fewer competencies. In addition, from 1472, an ‘assembly’ functioned, numbering 64 members drawn from the wider band of citizens. At the time of each “election”, the outer council, as the wider body, had the right to recall a specific number of members from the inner council as the narrower body, whereupon the inner council itself appointed (co-opted) new mem­ bers from the wider council, though it could not choose the members who had just been recalled. The system is called ‘mutation’. Mutation was ended in the Ljubljana inner council by decree of Emperor Ferdinand of 7 December 1628 and from then on, members of the inner council served for life. Mutation was ended on the outer council in mid-1692. On 29 February 1504, King Maximilian I issued a document in Augsburg allowing Ljubljana to elect its own mayor as the highest political and administrative body for administrative tasks. The city judge thus thenceforth performed only judicial business, and the mayor administrative. Both served for a year; but they could be re­ elected to the post. Mayors were elected on the Friday before the feast of St Marjeta (20 July) and judges on the Feast of St james (25 |uly). It must be said in this connection that the division between the judge and the mayor was sensible in older times, when the judge represented the city’s feudal lord (in this case the provin­ cial overlord), and the citizens elected the mayor. So there were fairly often mayors in older Habsburg towns. Although Ljubljana already had the right to elect the city judge very early, it was relatively late in obtaining the right to a mayor compared to other provincial centres of Inner Austria, and then more for reasons of prestige that urgent need. Nevertheless, at that time it was the only urban settlement in Carniola which could elect a 1 8 mayor as the highest holder of urban autonomy, since other Carniolan towns and markets continued to elect only a town or market judge. The mayor, in the words of the document of King Maximilian from 1504 “had to keep in mind the honour and advantage of the ruler and his own city and to do everything that is a mayor’s right, duty and custom”. At the time of election, he also had to take an oath. The emperor ordered priests, the nobility and serfs not to obstruct the mayor in any way in the performance of his duty. Atthe time of the Reformation, whose adherents included Ljubljana mayors, the provincial overlord through the Vicedom interfered in the election of mayors and tried to ensure the election of a Catholic, in which he was not always successful because of the Protestant majority on the city council. With growing absolutism after the end of the counter-Reformation, pressure from the provincial overlord on the city administration did not cease but, nevertheless, in this period there was no open conflict and Ljubljana, like other Inner Austrian cities and towns, retained some degree of autonomous city self-government right up to the end of the 18th century. The city still sought and obtained confirmation of its old rights and freedoms from the provincial overlord. What was considered an “exemplary” Ljubljana mayor and what his main tasks were is shown by an instruction from the Emperor to the City of Ljubljana from 1718. The mayor must thus not abuse his influence in the elec­ tion of the new mayor, he had to ensure that requests received were speedily submitted to the city council; and he had to ensure that decrees of higher authorities were realised as quickly as possible. The mayor had also to take care that all his advisors took part at sessions, that any quarrel in the city administration was quickly settled; and he had also to prevent any “harmful emnity and calumny”. Similarly, he had to open all decrees received form higher authorities in the presence of the city council or, if it was not possible to call them, at least in the presence of the city judge, clerk and two or three councillors; and later he had to read the content of decrees to the city council. At each session, he had to invite the outer councillors in order of the “advisory table”. Sessions could also be attended at most by the deputy almshouse master and treasurer. The mayor had to allow representatives and those authorised by the outer council and municipalities to meet whenever they wished. All city officials who conducted any financial business had to submit an account of business to the mayor each year. The custom is also interesting that the mayor, if he wished to travel out of the city had to obtain the consent of the inner council and to appoint a deputy for this time. All sessions of the city council had to take place in the city hall. The mayor was not allowed to issue any decree or to borrow anything without the knowledge of the city council, nor to expropriate, sell or gift anythings of the city’s; he had to ensure the repayment of city loans and enforce debts to the city. The annual resignation of the mayor took place in such a way that the inner council sent two of its members to the current mayor to accompany him in ceremonial pro­ cession to the city hall. The mayor resigned his service with a speech and handed over the badges of office: a leather bag in which city documents and more important records were stored, the keys to the city and the city chest. The city judge then thanked him for his work, whereupon two members of the inner council accompa­ nied him again home. The aforementioned arrangement was retained right up to the end of the 18th century, when the absolutist ruler at the beginning of the eighties of the 18th century very radically encroached in the sphere of local or city autonomy, as in other areas of social and political life. Already in the autumn of 1783, he issued an order on the transformation of city administration on Austrian territory; first for the capital city of Vienna. Changes were prepared for Ljubljana from the end of 1783 to the beginning of 1785. During an examination of the city economy, they established poor business with the city finances and great indebtedness of the city; the city debt amounted to around 160,000 goldinars. So in 1785, the period ended that had begun in 1504, when the city judge and mayor headed Ljubljana self-government. In this period, the function of city judge was com ­ pletely abolished. From then on, a mayor had to obtain from the district central bodies a 'certificate of elect- ability’. So only a person who had passed an examination at the appellate court and to whom the governor had issued a decree of suitable qualification could be elected to the positions of mayor and town councillor. The central authorities thus severely encroached on the sphere of local or city self-government. At the head of city government was a mayor with three councillors who, together with the city secretary, took over the competen­ cies of the city judge, legal advisor and clerk. The elected narrow group were called the Magistrat. The mayor and the city bodies were full-time paid state officials and therefore not so much representatives of the citizens as bodies of the provincial overlord, whereby they became more or less only the executors of orders and tasks of the state authorities. From 1808, the emperor directly appointed the mayors of the larger towns. 1 9 ■$—vr At the time of the Illyrian Province (1809-1813), the French founded komune (merije) in the sphere of local government in larger towns (of which Ljubljana was one). These were presided over by a mayor - mer. They were allocated a qualified clerk (adjont) and councillors. The communes or “French municipalities” did not have real autonomy, they merely represented a lower level general administrative authority. After the departure of the French from Ljubljana at the end of 1813, Austrian authority was re-asserted on the territory of the former Illyrian Provinces, but it was not possible entirely to reinstate the old conditions. At the Lower level of administration, the organisation of communes was formally abolished, but in practice not, since they founded so-called main municipalities “Hauptgemeinden” on their basis. In Ljubljana, which differed from other towns in having been a provincial capital, an administrative-economic Magistrat was established as the state political authority for the town, at the head of which was a mayor appointed by the emperor. His competencies were not precisely defined right up to the mid-l9th century. There was a step forward in the sphere of the organisation of city administration in the middle of the 19th century. Rules or “orders” were adopted, which introduced the foundation of modern city administration. As a provincial capital, Ljubljana obtained (its own) municipal order, at that time called “Temporary community statute for the provincial capital Ljubljana”. It was extracted from the general provincial legislation on muni­ cipalities and was subordinate in the transferred fields of work initially to the governorship and later to the provincial government (when these were formed) and not the district board. Mayors or “purgermojsters” were elected from among the thirty member municipal council. At least two thirds of councillors had to be present at elections, and a mayor was elected if he received more than half of the votes of all municipal councillors. The mayor’s term of office lasted three years. The emperor also had to approve his election, which was not a mere formality. Only after the emperor’s approval had been received did the mayor take the oath of office before the municipal council and representatives of higher authorities, to whom he had to submit his signed oath. The text of the oath was very similar throughout this period until 1945: that they will be faithful to the emperor, later the king, behave according to the constitution and conscien­ tiously fulfil the law. After taking the oath, he could begin to perform the mayoral functions. He had a deputy, whom the municipal council elected after the election of the mayor. His term of office was one year. He re­ placed the mayor whenever the latter was detained. The mayor was the direct head of the Magistrat, which consisted, in addition to the mayor, of five municipal councillors elected from amongthe members of the municipal council for one year, and one or more advisors as required, together with the necessary auxiliary staff. Together with the Magistrat, the executive body of the municipality was underthe supervision of the municipal council. It was responsible for municipal tasks, it allocated work to members of the Magistrat and had disciplinary authority over city officials. He was the moral representative of the municipality to the outside world as well as in civil law and official matters. Ex officio, he executed the decisions of the municipal council. If he was of the opinion that these were in conflict with mu­ nicipal regulations or laws of general validity, it was his responsibility to delay implementation and immediately to acquaint the provincial head of such a decision. The mayor called sessions, which were generally held in public. If the mayor or at least six councillors wished it to be closed to the public, they could do this. He generally had to be present at all meetings of municipal councillors. If he was ever absent, his deputy had to be present or the session was not valid. The mayor also had the responsibility of calling sessions if this was demanded by one third of the councillors or if this was or­ dered by the provincial head. Everything discussed at a session had to be entered in the minutes. He received a salary and benefits for his work, which the municipal council decided. The aforementioned provisions of the mayoral function were roughly the same in all periods of old Austria, and they even survived it. In 1934, the Urban Municipalities Act took effect, which brought changes to the appointment of repre­ sentatives of the city: the title of mayor was replaced by president of the municipal council, which now numbered 54 members. In 1935, the surrounding municipalities were joined to the urban municipality of Ljubljana and it was planned to call the enlarged municipality “Great Ljubljana”. The president of the urban municipality was faced with the new task of how to include the formerly “agrarian environment” in the business to date of the municipality. The law prescribed that the president, with a four year term of office, and two thirds of the members of the urban council would be elected at general, equal, direct and public voting, and a third of the urban council would be appointed by the Ban. However, elections were not held, and in December 1935, by order of the king’s viceroy, both the president and all members of the city council were appointed. They took a sworn oath that they would be faithful to the king and country, respect the constitution and state law, protect state and national integrity, perform their duties exactly, and faithfully represent and defend local government and state benefit. The content of the function of mayor did not change a great deal, although he was then called president of the urban municipality. He was still the representative of the city in all of its relations and business, as well as the executive body of the city council and head of the entire city administration. He called meetings of the city council, which were normally public. The state administration supervised the operation of city government through the Ban. The representative of supervisory authority had the right to be present at sessions of the city council, and the supervisory authority could inspect the business of city bodies and officials at any time and demand necessary reports. The minister of internal affairs could dismiss the president of the city municipality, the vice-president or individual members of the city council. The city statute specified regular compensation for the president of the municipality for performing his duties, in the form of an annual or monthly salary. With the start of the Second World War and the Italian occupation of Ljubljana, there was at first no change, but in 1942, the high commissioner issued an order that mayors and municipal advisory committees must be set up in municipalities ofthe Province of Ljubljana. The appointment of mayors with a four-year term of office was within the competence ofthe high commissioner, who could also dismiss them at any time. The mayor performed the business that the Municipalities Act had determined for the president of a municipality, munici­ pal administrations and municipal councils. The municipal secretary executed the mayor’s decisions. Minutes of sessions ofthe city council were replaced by decisions ofthe mayor. The mayor issued decisions in collabo­ ration with a general secretary, and they embraced for the most part matters of city employees in relation to family allowances, cost of living benefits, pensions and such matters. They include also decisions on renaming streets and final accounts. After the capitulation of Italy in September 1943, the then mayor was appointed head ofthe provincial administration and, until the end ofthe war, the business ofthe mayor was performed by the general secretary, because no mayor was appointed before the war ended. On the other hand, during the war, the Liberation Front and its various committees took illegal authority. In the city administration they organised a central committee at the Magistrat, which operated illegally and or­ ganised resistance right up to 1945, when on 9 May 1945 authority was taken by the Magistrat liberation com­ mittee. The first national liberation committee as an executive body was elected on 27 |uly 1945 in Ljubljana and the Magistrat liberation committee also ceased to operate. After the liberation in 1945, authority was taken by people’s committees at various levels, from local to repub­ lican; in towns they were urban people’s committees. The people’s committees were elected representative bodies, which elected from among themselves an executive committee as a collegiate body. This performed the tasks that accrued to the committees under the constitution and laws. People’s committees were the “highest bodies of state authority” in matters of local importance, and they were elected for three years. The competencies and tasks of urban committees of local importance included: building and managing buildings and housing, stimulating, developing and extending lighting and heating, regulating urban transport, founding hotels, health institutions, shelters, public baths, cinemas, libraries and other public institutions. The mayor and councillors took an oath at the first session ofthe people’s committee. It was the same for the entire state and was published in 1946 in the General Act on People’s Committees. The president of a people’s committee was therefore a representative of state authority on a local level and had thus to be a member ofthe communist party. Formally, members ofthe people’s committees were responsible to the electors, who could also dismiss them, but actually they were subordinate to people’s committees (republican and federal assemblies). Ljubljana was led by a 63-member city “plenum”, and 16 members were elected to the executive committee. Women for the first time obtained both active and pas­ sive voting rights and nine female councillors were elected to the first city plenum, of which two were elected to the executive committee. With the economy being taken into the hands of the state (city), and the increase in the administrative tasks and administrative management of the economy, the number of members of the executive committee in­ creased. In 1948, the number of members of the city people’s committee was increased to 120 (of which 12 were women), and an 18-member executive committee was elected. All members of the executive committee from then on were employed full-time and received a salary. The president of the executive was simultaneous­ ly also secretary of the city committee of the Communist Party of Slovenia (CPS) (from 1948 to 1951). With the abandonment of the administrative economy, the number of members of the executive committee was also reduced, and from 1951 numbered only 12 members, and the president was no longer also secretary of the city committee CPS. The division of executive and political functions was thus formally introduced, but the principle remained that the president of the people’s committee must be a member of the Communist Party. The General Act on People’s Council’s abolished executive committees in 1952, and all authority was taken by the people’s committee, which had to decide at its sessions on all important matters of the city. The number of sessions and the extent of the minutes increased enormously, and all other administrative and other functions were performed by the president of the people’s committee (and no longer of the executive com­ mittee). The number of councillors was increased in that year to 137. The city people’s committee was divided into a city committee and a committee of producers, which had sessions separately and then together; and at alL sessions they had to adopt decisions with exactly the same text. In 1955, the city people’s committee was abolished and a District People’s Committee Ljubljana was found­ ed, and new municipal people’s committees. There were 23 municipalities in the new district, of which nine were urban. The City Council of Ljubljana was founded for performing common matters of the city’s urban planning, public utility and socio-economic life, which was initially only an advisory body and made recom­ mendations to the municipal assembly. Over the years, the competencies of the city council were increased and in 1964, a Statute of the City of Ljubljana was adopted. The city council could issue decisions, but they were implemented by municipal bod­ ies, as well as partially by bodies of the city council. It had 65 members and its term of office was four years. They elected a president and one or two vice-presidents from among their own number. The president of the city council presided over the city council and represented the city, called and chaired sessions, ensured the implementation of decisions and performed other tasks entrusted to him. The territory of the City of Ljubljana covered the area of five urban municipalities: Ljubljana Bežigrad, Ljubljana Center, Ljubljana Moste-Polje, Ljubljana Siska and Ljubljana ViC-Rudnik. Standing orders determined that councillors make and then sign a formal declaration at the first session of the assembly. A councillor who was not present made a formal dec­ laration later, in front of the president of the city assembly, who then reported on this to the assembly. After new constitutional amendments, the city council was renamed in April 1969 the city assembly. The assembly had two chambers: a city chamber and a chamber of working communities, and together they numbered 100 councillors. The Statute of the Assembly of the City of Ljubljana specified in detail the rights of the city in matters within competencies of the municipalities that were of common importance (e.g. urban planning, public utilities and housing, provision of secondary education etc.). The city assembly adopted the city bud­ get, and it could establish funds or call for self (“voluntary”)-contributions. The new constitution of 1974 also specified a new composition of the city assembly. It was made up of three chambers: chamber of associated labour (80 delegates), chamber of municipalities (40 delegates) and socio­ political chamber (30 delegates), which very much delayed and complicated work. The assembly elected a president of the assembly and created a 15-member executive council for a term of office of four years. The division of the city into five municipalities and an assembly into three chambers lasted until the new Local Government Act, of December 1993, which on the level of the city introduced a distinction between state and local government bodies. The first direct elections of a mayor took place on 4 December 1994. The city was reunited in |anuary 1995 into the Urban Municipality of Ljubljana, which was again headed by a mayor, although the informal title of mayor had actually been retained throughout the post-war years. 1 he city coun­ cil, which is lead by the mayor, has 45 members. The mayor presides over the city council, calls its meetings, chairs its sessions, and she or he also has the right to restrain promulgation of a general act if she or he believes that it is illegal. The mayor’s competencies include management of assets, ensuring implementation of decisions of the city council, determiningthe allocation of working posts, appointingthe deputy mayors and director of the city administration, and deciding on administrative matters within the competence of the city council. The mayor is elected at direct, secret elections, so is not dependent on the city council in relation to her or his term of office, and she or he cannot be dismissed by either the city council or electors. The new legislation sharply distinguished between state and local tasks - new municipalities only have competencies in local matters, and state matters are performed by administrative units which, in terms of size of territory, cover the former municipalities. r jez Lantheri/Lanthieri G regor La d n e r/L acner Lenart Praunsperger O skar ettenfelder I anez Lindauer Wolf M edič/M editsch M atevž Pranc |uri|T atzel jez Standinat A n t o n Lantheri/Lanthieri W olf Po sc h |uri| G ering Pank ci| Lustaller Viliem Praunsperger Peter Reicher Vid Khisl |anez W eilhamer • . 1 ' • ' * * dlfgang G ebhart |anez D o r n |uri|T iffrer M ihael Frankovič B laž Z am rl/S an-^l M arko Pregl Lenart H ren/K hreen, C hrön M ihael Vodopivec |anez Pfanner/ a n n e r G asper H o c h s t e t t e r M a rk o S te ttn e r Wolf G ä r tn e r |akob de CuRTOh- Andrei Valch/Lah, V olkh V entorinoT ravisan M ihael Rosen M artin S c h ö b er l iton Feichtinger A ndrei H ren/K h r een, C h r ö n |ožef Č avel/Tschaull A dri|an \litinger M ihaelPreiss I anez Vodopivec |a n e zSonce |anez Krstnik Bernards h i d , n e l l i ) A dam Eppich A dam W eiss ¡anez Krstnik Verbec |uri| V idic/W idit ; h H oraci| C arminelli A ndrei Strobl Krištof O ttho G regor Kunstl M arko Z/WÜTZ PL.WlZENSTEIN FRANC ClRIANI LUDVIK SCHONLEBL (SCHÖNLEBEN) |URI| B efaS/WeRTASCH, PL. SCHARFFENEG |ANEZ ReRINGER, PL. ReRENBURG ¡ANEZ MARI|A PlŠKON/ ¡c o n |anez Krstnik D o lničar/Thalnitscher (anez |erne) Bo sio G abriel Eder _t Edenbur M ati|a de G iorgio Franc pl. G raffenhueber |anez Krištof Pucher/ : /J M echer pl. Puchenthall |anez A n t o n ¡anezic |akob H erendler (anez Fl o r|an G^ffenhaiden M ati|a Kristi|an/C hristian A nton Raab |uri| A mbrož Kapuss Franc J /ž Peer |anez M ihael Kuk M ati|a Barthalotti |anez |uri| Pilgram A n t o n IAnc Ksaver Wagner |anez Friderik Egger |ožef Potočnik Peter Fister Anton ;Bnik |ožef Kokali A n to n C odelli pl. Flachenfeld )a n ez/|o h a n n RozMAh |anez/|o h ann N epomuk H radecky |anez/|o hann Fischer M ati|a/M athias Burger ihael A m brož Etbin H enrik C osta |o žef/|osip S uppan Karl D ež m a n/ D e sc h m ^ A nton Laschan pl. M o orland Peter pl. G rasselli I van H ribar I van T a v č a r udevit Perič D i n k o Puc Vladimir Ravnihar |u r o A dlešič Leon Rupnik Pavel jnaček Fran A lbreht M ati|a M aležič |akaAvšič H eli M odic M arjan D ermastia a R|An | en k o M arjan Tepina M iha Košak To n e Kovič M ar|an Ro žič Tina To m e N u š a Kerševan I ože Strgar D im itri | Rupel Viktoriia Potočnik D anica S imšič Voščeni pečat mesta Ljubljane iz leta 1534 /Zgodovinski arhiv Ljubljana / Wax seal o f the city o f L|ubl|ana, 1534 Historical Archives L |ubl|an,t J anez La n t h e r i/L a n th ier i zupan: 1504/05 trgovec Za prvega ljubljanskega župana je bil, potem ko je bila Ljubljani 29. februarja 1504 podeljena pravica voliti župana, izvoljen dotedanji mestni sodnik |anez Lantheri. Lantheriji so izvirali iz Bergama. Trgovali so z železom. O prvem ljubljanskem županu |anezu Lantheriju ni ohranjenih nobenih zapiskov oziroma listin. Prvi ljubljanski, v listinah omenjeni župan je bil šele njegov naslednik Lenart Praunsperger. Zaradi izgube prve knjige zapisnikov ljubljanskega mestnega sveta iz obdobja med letoma 1504 do 1521 imamo velike težave z ugotavljanjem, kdo so bili župani v tem obdobju, še zlasti glede točne datacije njihovega županovanja. Zato nobena lista županov (niti zapisana z zlatimi črkami na marmornati plošči na ljubljanskem magistratu) ni povsem natančna oz. zgodovinsko popolnoma verodostojna. V tem času je imela Ljubljana takšen obseg kot v prvi polovici 13. stoletja; obsegala je obzidano mesto pod Gradom, ki je segalo od današnjega Čevljarske­ ga mosta oz. Tranče do konca osrednje ljubljanske tržnice. Vzporedno sta se razvijala tudi Stari trg in na nasprotni strani Ljubljanice ob rečnem pristanišču na Bregu Novi trg. K mestu je spadala še nemška viteška The first Ljubljana mayor to be elected after Ljublja­ na was granted the right to elect a mayor, on 29 Feb ruary 1504, was the then city judge, |anez Lantheri. The Lantheri family came from Bergamo, and traded in iron. No notes or documents have been preserved about the first Ljubljana mayor |anez Lantheri. 1 he first documented Ljubljana mayor was his successor, Lenart Praunsperger. Because of the loss of the first book of minutes of the Ljubl|ana city council, for the period from 1504 to 1521, we have great difficulty in establishing who the mayors were in this period, in particular in relation to the exact dates of their terms of office. So no list of mayors (not even inscribed in gold letters on the marble plaque on Ljubljana city hall) is entirely exact or historically fully reliable. At that time, Ljubljana had a similar size as in the first half of the 13th century, embracing the walled town below the castle, which extended ftom today's Čevljarski most, or TranCa, to the end of the cential Ljubljana market. Stari trg and, on the other side of the Ljubljanica beside the r iver landing stage on Breg, Novi trg, developed in parallel. The prebend of the Teutonic Knights beside the old walls of komenda ob starem emonskem obzidju. Tako je jed­ ro stare Ljubljane tvorilo področje desnega brega reke Ljubljanice tik pod Gradom. Tudi sedež župana in mestne uprave je bil leta 1504 že na sedanji lokaciji mestne hiše oz. magistrata; tu so ga postavili šele leta 1484. Takrat je bil prostorsko pomaknjen precej bolj proti trgu kot je danes. Mes­ tno hišo so barokizirali leta 1718. Pred letom 1484 je bil sedež ljubljanske mestne oblasti (mestnega sveta in mestnega sodnika) na Tranči. Emona belonged to the city. So the core of old Lju­ bljana was the area on the right bank of the river Ljubljanica immediately below the castle. The seat of the mayor and the city administration was also at the present location of the city hall, or ‘Magi­ strat’; it had only been put here in 1484. At that time, it was positioned considerably more towards the square than it is today. The city hall was given a baroque appearance in 1718. Pnot to 1484, the seat of the Ljubljana city authorities (town council and city judge) had been at Tianca. G r e g o r La d n e r /L a g n e r župan: 1 505 06 V času županovanja Gregorja Ladnerja je bil leta There was a major fire in Ljubljana during the mayor- 1506 v Ljubljani velik požar, v katerem so pogore- ship of Gregor Ladner, in 1506, in which all docu- le vse listine, ki so izkazovale različne škofijske ments proving diocesan privileges were burnt, privilegije. Rodbinski grb druiine Praunsperger / Valvasor/ f amily coats of arm of family Piaunspergei Valv.isoi Lenart Praunsperger \ zu pan: 1506/07 Kot ljubljanski župan je Lenart Praunsperger naveden trgovec v listini ključarjev sv. Rešnjega telesa krojaškega ceha v Ljubljani, ki ima datum 28. avgust 1506. Zupanoval naj bi od 10. julija 1506 do 9. julija 1507. Preden je postal župan je bil v letih 1497, 1498 in 1500 mestni sodnik. Poslovno in sorodstveno so bili Praunsper- gerji zelo povezani z Lantheri ji. Lenart Praunsperger is mentioned as Ljubljana ma­ yor in a document of deacons of the Corpus Christi tailor's guild in Ljubljana, dated 28 August 1506. He is said to have been mayor from 10 |uly 1506 to 9 |uly 1507. Before being mayor, he was city judge in 1497, 1498 and 1500. The Praunspergers were very closely connected by business and blood with the Lanthers. V X Rodbinski grb družine Stettenfelder / Valvasor/ Family coats-of arm of family Stettenfelder / Valvasor O skar Stettenfelder župan: 1507/08 Župana Oskarja Stettenfelderja omenja samo Valva­ sor in ga doslej nismo zasledili v nobenem drugem ohranjenem arhivskem viru. Verjetno ga Valvasor navaja na osnovi podatka iz tedaj še obstoječe prve knjige zapisnikov ljubljanskega mestnega sveta. Only Valvasor (first) mentions Oskar Stettenfeldoi as mayor, and we have been unable so far to tiace him in any other preserved archive source. Valvasoi probably states it on the basis of data from the then still existing first book of minutes of Ljubljana city council. Rodbinski grb družino Lindauer / Valvasor / I .imily io ,its ot aim of family Lindduc Valvasor Janez Lindauer župan: 1509-1511 |aneza Lindauerja prav tako zasledimo le v Valvasor­ jevem seznamu županov in ga doslej nismo zasledili v nobenem drugem ohranjenem zgodovinskem viru. V času njegovega županovanja je leta 1 5 1 1 prizadel Kranjsko in Ljubljano močan potres, k i je povzročil ogromno škode. |anez Lindauer can only be found in Valvasor's list of mayors and to date we have not found him in any other preserved historical source. In 1 5 1 1 , during his term of office, Carniola and Ljubljana were struck by a powerful earthquake, which caused enornous damage. Rodbinski grb družine M edič / Valvasor/ Family coats-of arrr o f ta m it/M e d ic Valvasor W olf M e d ič /M editsch župan: 1511/12 Zupana Wolfa Mediča omenja le Valvasor, saj za to Only Valvasor mentions Wolf Med,c as mayor, since o je še niso ohranjeni zapisniki ljubljanskega the minutes of Ljubljana city council from that peri ega sveta, ki bi dokazovali njegovo župano- od, which would prove his period of office have not vanje. , been preserved. Rodbinski grb družine Prang / Valvasor / Family coats of aim of family Prang Valvasor M atevž Prang župan: 1513/14 mayor: 1513 14 Tudi Matevž Prang sodi med župane, k i jih prvi ome­ nja Valvasor, njihove resničnosti, predvsem leta opravljanja županske funkcije, pa ne moremo pre­ veriti na podlagi zapisnikov ljubljanskega mestnega sveta. Matevž Prang is another mayor first mentioned by Valvasor, whose reality, and above all their term of office, cannot be checked on the basis of minutes of Ljubljana city council. / . * t I 1 1 1 7 -1 I Again, only Valvasor mentions |urii Tatzel as mayor, probably on the basis of the lost minutes of the city council for the period before 1521. Jurij Tatzel župan: 1514/15 |urija Tatzla kot župana prvi omenja spet Valvasor, verjetno na osnovi danes izgubljenih zapisnikov mestnega sveta iz obdobja pred letom 1521. ( župan: 1511 — 1516, 1518-1520, 1521/22 trgovec m^vof! 1)11 1 .3 I ( \ 1518 I‘>70. 1521 22 merchant Rodbinski grb družine Standinat / Valvasor/ * .i” n|, i r,.,ts v> l ,nrn of family Stanci.nat Vatva- Janez Standinat / ni podatka V letih 1522/23, 1524/25 in 1526/27 je |anez Stan­ dinat naštet med mestnimi svetovalci. Marca 1525 ¡e omenjen tudi kot cerkveni ključar pri stolni cerkvi sv. Nikolaja. Najpomembnejša dogodka v njegovem prvem obdobju županovanja sta bila podelitev ka­ zenskega sodnega reda (Malefičnih svoboščin) za Ljubljano leta 1514, ki danes predstavlja enega red­ kih ohranjenih primerkov kazenskega mestnega prava v srednjeevropskem prostoru, in izgon |udov iz Ljubljane leto kasneje. Prav tako je v času njegovega prvega županovanja leta 1515 izbruhnil vseslovenski kmečki upor. Tega leta so imeli uporni kmetje zbo­ rovanje tudi v Ljubljani, napadli so ljubljanski grad, vendar napad ni uspel. Uporniki so poškodovali le mlin ob Ljubljanici, ki je povzročal poplave. |anez Standinat is listed among city councillors in 1522 23, 1524 25 and 1526/27. He is also men­ tioned in March 1525 as church deacon of the ca­ thedral church of sv. Nikolaj. The most important events in his first period as mayor were the granting of the Criminal judicial Order for Ljubljana of 1514, which is today one of the few preserved examples of criminal urban law in the Central European area, and the expulsion of the |ews from Ljubljana a year later. It was also during his first term of office, in 1515, that the pan-Slovene peasants' revolt broke out. In that year, the rebellious peasants also held gatherings in L|ubl|ana and attacked the castle, although the attack did not succeed. The rebels only damaged a mill beside the L|ubl|amca, which caused flooding. žu p a n :1516,1517 pisno dokazano: 1522-1524 trgovec Voščeni pečat mesta Ljubljane iz leta 1534 / Valvasor/ Wax seal o f the city o f L|ubl|ana, 1534 / Valvasor/ A n t o n La n t h e r i/L a n t h ie r i / Anton Lantheri was probably the brother of the first Ljubljana mayor, |anez Lantheri. He was first an inner city councillor in 1521/22 and then mayor in 1522- 1524. On 31 March 1518, Emperor Maximilian app roved his ennobling and a coat-of-arms with a half moon and three stars. He held office from I I |uly 1522 to 8 |uly 1524. ■56 v /"ni podatka/ '1535 pribl./ •vv»^ Najverjetneje je bil Anton Lantheri brat prvega ljubljanskega župana |aneza Lantherija. Najprej je bil 1521/22 notranji svetnik, nato pa župan v letih 1522-1524. Dne 31. marca 1518 mu je cesar Maksi­ milijan potrdil plemstvo in grb s polmesecem in tremi zvezdami. Zupanoval je od II. julija 1522 do 8. julija 1524. W olf Posch / * ni podatka / f 1536 / župan: 1520/21 trgovec in zemljiški posestnik mayor: 1520 21 merchant and landowner Wolf Posch je izhajal iz premožne ljubljanske dru­ žine. Dobro je znal nemško in italijansko in je trgo­ val z Reko, Trstom in Beljakom. Veliko je tudi po­ sojal denar in kupčeval z oljem. Župansko funkcijo je opravljal od 6. julija 1520 do 12. julija 1521. Najpomembnejši dogodek njegovega županovanja je bil, ko je nadvojvoda Ferdinand julija 1521 Ljubljani potrdil dotedanje mestne privilegije. Leta 1521 naj bi, tako poroča Valvasor, v Ljubljani postavili stolp in obzidje na Bregu ob Nemških vratih. Prav tako je bil tedaj sezidan tudi okrogli stolp pri Krakovem. Gro­ zila je namreč velika nevarnost turških vpadov. Wolf Posch came from a landed Ljubljana family. He was fluent in German and Italian and traded with Ri­ jeka, Trieste and Villach. He also loaned money and dealt in oil. He was mayor from 6 |uly 1520 to 1 2 |uly 1521. The most important event during his term was when Archduke Ferdinand confirmed the city privi­ leges to date. In 1521, according to Valvasor, a tower and walls on Breg were erected beside the Teutonic Gate. Similarly, the round tower by Krakova was also then built. There was a great danger of Turkish inva­ sion at that time. Rodbinski grb družine G ering / Valvasor/ f a nily coats o f a i^ of t'aTiil/ Gering Valvasor' Ju rij G e r in g / n i podatka/ 41535 pribl. / župan: 1524-1526 posestnik |urij Gering je začel politično kariero kot notranji svetnik v letih 1521 do 1524, nato je bil dva mandata župan, nato med letoma 1527 in 1530 ponovno notranji svetnik. Večkrat je bil tudi špitalski mojster. Zupanoval je od 8. julija 1524 do 6. julija 1526. V času Geringovega županovanja so sklenili urediti Ribji trg. V njegov čas segajo tudi začetki protestantizma v Ljubljani. Najpomembnejši dogodek v njegovem županovanju je bil velik požar na Novem trgu 4. maja 1525; nadvojvoda Ferdinand je po požaru dovolil na novo sezidati pogorela Nemška ali križevniška vrata. Takoj po končanem županovanju je bil leta 1526 imenovan za požarnega nadzornika. |urij Gering began his political career as an inner councillor from 1521 to 1524, then had two terms as mayor, and between 152 7 and 1530 was again an inner councillor. He was also several times master of the almshouse. Fie was mayor from 8 |uIy 1524 to 6 |uly 1526. During Gering’s term as mayor, the layout of Rib|e trg was completed. The beginnings of Protestantism in Ljubljana also occurred in his time. The most important event during his mayorship was the great fire in Novi trg on 4 May 1525; after the fire, Archduke Ferdinand allowed the rebuilding of the burnt Teutonic or Crusader’s Gate. Immediately after completing his term as mayor, tie was in 1526 appointed fire supervisor. Rodbinski grb družine Lustaller / Valvasor/ 1 .iM'.ly C '.Its of .III" .'f t.irciiy I ustallor Valvasor Pankracij Lustaller župan: 1526-1528 Lustallerji so najverjetneje izvirali iz Dola pri Ljubljani trgovec in posestnik (nemško: Lustall) in naj bi bili slovenskega porekla. Pankracija Lustallerja prvič zasledimo v listinah 28. avgusta 1506, ko je naveden med načelniki bratov­ ščine sv. Rešnjega telesa krojaškega ceha v Ljubljani. Pozneje se je začel ukvarjati s trgovino. Zupanoval je od 6. julija 1526 do 10. julija 1528. V času njegovega županovanja je bila Ljubljana nenehno ogrožena zaradi turških ropanj, leta 1527 naj bi Turki oplenili in požgali nekaj hiš tudi v predmestju Ljubljane ter pobili in odpeljali v suženjstvo številne prebivalce. The Lustallers probably came from Dol by Ljubljana (German: Lustall) and are said to have been of Slovene origin. Pankracij Lustaller is first traced in documents of 28 August 1506, when he is mentio­ ned among the heads of the fraternity of the Corpus Christi tailors guild in Ljubljana. He was mayor from 6 |uly 1526 to 10 |uly 1528. During his term of office, Ljubljana was under constant threat of Turkish plun­ dering, and in 1527 the Turks are even said to have plundered and burnt some houses in the suburbs of Ljubljana, and killed or taken many people into slavery. o b d o b je / Rodbinski grb družine Praunsperger / Valvasor/ Family coats-ofarm o f family Praunsperger / Valvasor V iljem Pr a u n sper g er / *1495 pribl. / 11550 pribl./ / župan: 1528/29, 1531-1533, 1535/36,1538/39 trgovec, deželni davkar, deželni vicedom, veleposestnik in plemič 3 D s 70 Viljem Praunsperger je bil sin veletrgovca in mestne­ ga sodnika Lenarta Praunspergerja. V času njegove­ ga prvega županovanja je bila zgrajena velika utrdba pred Vicedomskimi vrati. V času drugega županovan­ ja se je mestni svet obrnil na nadvojvodo Ferdinanda s prošnjo, naj Rožno in Hrenovo ulico v Ljubljani dodeli mestni jurisdikciji, v kar je le-ta tudi privo­ lil. Po 20. februarju 1533 so bile hiše in vrtovi ob teh cestah podvrženi ljubljanskemu magistratu kot zemljiški gosposki. Po končanem županovanju je bil med drugim nekaj let tudi kranjski vicedom. Viljem Praunsperger was the son of the merchant and city judge Lenart Praunsperger. During his first term as mayor, the large fortress in front of Vicedom Cate was built. During his second term, the city council appealed to Archduke Ferdinand V that Rozna and Hrenova streets in Ljubljana be handed over to city jurisdiction, which was granted and after 20 February 1533, the houses and gardens beside these streets were subject to the Ljubljana Magistrat as feudal lord. After completion of mayorship, among other things he was also Vicedom of Carniola. župan: 1529-1531 trgovec in posestnik mayor: 1529 1531 merchant and landowner Voščeni pečat mesta Ljubljane iz leta 1534 /Zgodovinski arhiv Ljubljana/ se.il of the city of L |ubl|ana, 153-1 Histoncal Archives l |ubljana Peter Reicher cembra 1529 ¡e omenjen kot eden od odposlancev deželnih odborov, katerih posvet je bil sklican v Linzu za december naslednje leto, kjer so razpravlja li o pomoči notranjeavstrijskih dežel proti Turkom. Leta 1529 je bila zgrajena velika bastija pred Vice­ domskimi vrati pri poznejših kapucinih. We do not have a lot of data about Peter Reicher. He is mentioned in December 1529 as one of the delegates to the provincial councils, a consultative meeting of which was called in Linz for December the following year, where they discussed assistance from the Inner Austrian lands against the Turks. In 1529, a large bastion was built in front of the Vice- dom Cate, where the Capuchins later were. obdobie/ V id K hisl / ni podatka 1 5 4 7 / župan: 1533-1535, 1537/38, 1540-1544, 1545/46 trgovec, steklar in posestnik Kariera Vida Khisla v mestnem svetu se je začela po požaru na Novem trgu, ko je bil 6. maja 1524 izvoljen v odbor, ki je uvedel nov način nočne straže in dolo- čiL stražarnino. Po Valvasorju naj bi bil župan že leta 1533 in 1534, listinsko dokazljivo pa prvič od 6. julija 1537 do 12. julija 1538, drugič od 9. julija 1540 do II. julija 1544 in tretjič od 10. julija 1545 do smrti, 20. januarja 1547. Bil je pristaš protestantizma in prvi protestantski župan Ljubljane. Že v dvajsetih letih 16. stoletja je namreč med ljubljanskimi meščani nastal prvi protes­ tantski krožek, ki se je okrepil zlasti v letih delovanja Primoža Trubarja v Ljubljani (1535 do 1547). Tako je tudi mnogo županov od sredine do konca 16. stoletja pripadalo novi veri. Po zaslugi protestantov je bila v Ljubljani v tem času ustanovljena stanovska latinska šola, ki je delovala poleg že uveljavljene šenklavške (katoliške) in nemške protestantske šole. Ustanovljena je bila tudi prva tiskarna (Mandeljče- va). Verske spremembe so se začele kazati tudi v mestnem svetu, iz katerega so protestanti kmalu izrinili katoličane, kar je pomenilo, da so protestant­ ski mestni svetniki tudi za župana izvolili nekoga iz The career of Vid Khisl in the city council began after the fire in Novi trg, when on 6 May 1524 he was elected to the committee that introduced a new method of night watch and specified a watch fee. According to Valvasor, he was already mayor in 1533 and 1534, but documentary evidence shows this as being first from 6 |uly 1537 to 12 |uly 1538, second from 9 |uly 1540 to I I |uly 1544 and third from 10 |uly 1545 until his death on 20 |anuary 1547. He was an adherent of Protestantism and the first protestant mayor of Ljubljana. Already in the twen ties of the 16th century, namely, the first protestant circle was created among L|ubl|ana citizens, which was strengthened especially in the years in which Pn- moz Trubar was active in Ljubljana (1535 do 1547). Many mayors from the middle to the end of the 16th century thus adhered to the new faith, i hanks to the Protestants, a professional Latin school was founded in Ljubljana at that time, which functioned in addi tion to the already established Senklavec (Catholic) and German Protestant schools. 1 he first printing house was also founded (Mandeljec). The religious changes also began to appear in the city council, '500 II I I |U H l |\NSKIll ¿lll’A N O Y 500 V I \R S O I I |U ltl | A N A M W O K S o L D svojih vrst. Čeprav je že leta 1588 deželni knez izdal ukaz, da morajo vsa mesta v mestni upravi zasedati katoličani, Ljubljančani tega ukaza niso dosledno spoštovali vse do okoli leta 1600, ko so se bili pro­ testantski meščani, ki se niso hoteli spreobrniti v katoliško vero, na ukaz deželnega kneza prisiljeni izseliti v protestantske dežele. from which the Protestants soon expelled Catholics, which meant that the Protestant city councillors also elected someone from their own ranks as mayor. Although in 1588 the provincial overlord issued an order that all positions in the city administration must be occupied by Catholics, the people of L|ubljana did not consistently obey this order right up to around 1600, when Protestant citizens who were not prepared to revert to the Catholic faith, were forced to emigiate to Protestant lands on the orders of the provincial overlord. ¡a n e z W e il h a m e r župan: 1536/37, 153 9 /4 0 trgovec |anez Weilhamer je bil vnuk mestnega sodnika |aneza Reichlingerja. Zupan je bil dvakrat; prvič od 7. julija 1536 do 6. julija 1537 in drugič od II. julija 1539 do 9. julija 1540. Leta 1536 je bilo v Ljubljani ustanov­ ljeno državno skladišče za sol, ki je monopoliziralo dotlej prosto trgovino s soljo in jo podražilo. Ker so mesto in kranjski deželni stanovi ostro protestirali, je bilo to skladišče kmalu ukinjeno. Leta 1537 je bila v Ljubljani velika povodenj, po ulicah so se vozili s čolni; utonilo je veliko ljudi in živine. Leta 1539 so v Ljubljani ustanovili svojo mestno žitnico, da zaradi draginje ne bi prišlo do lakote. |anez Weilhamer was the grandson of the city judge |anez Reichlinger. He was mayor twice; first from 7 |uly 1536 to 6 |uly 1537 and second from I I |uly 1539 to 9 |uly 1540. In 1536, a state fund for salt was founded in Ljubljana, which monopolised what had until then been free trade in salt, and the price went up. Since the towns and Carniolan Estates sharply protested, the warehouse was soon abolished. T here was major flooding in Ljubljana in 1537, people trav­ elled along the streets by boat; and many people and animals were drowned. In 1539, Ljubljana founded its own granary so that there would not be famine because of inflation. Rodbinski grb družine Gebhart /Valvasor/ F.imily coats ofarm of family GebKirt Valvasor W olfgang G ebhart / * ni podatka župan: 1544/45, 1547/48 trgovec in gostilničar mayor : 1544 45, 1547/48 merchant and innkeeper Wolfgang Gebhart je prejel meščanstvo leta 1537. Leta 1541 je bil izvoljen v zunanji in takoj nato tudi v notranji mestni svet. Prvič je bil župan leta 1544/45. Leta 1547, dan po smrti dotedanjega župana Vida Khisla (21. januarja 1547), je bil za župana izvoljen že drugič. Na tem položaju je ostal tudi po rednih županskih volitvah julija istega leta. Njegov tretji mandat se je končal 6. julija 1548. Poleg županske službe je v letih 1547 in 1548 opravljal tudi službo višjega špitalskega mojstra. Dne 5. julija 1549 je bil že četrtič izvoljen za župana, vendar tega položaja zaradi užaljenosti, ker so svetniki kritizirali njegovo zasebno življenje, ni sprejel. Iz prvega obdobja njegovega županovanja je pomembna uvedba nove­ ga reda za ljubljanske mesarje (1544). Oktobra 1544 so prišli v Ljubljano v službo piskači iz Beljaka. Najpomembnejši dogodki njegovega drugega in tretjega mandata pa so: leta 1547 je bil sprejet pisarski in prokuratorski red, isto leto se je na pritisk občine župan Gebhart zavzel za ponovno uvedbo slovenskih pridig v špitalski cerkvi, leta 1548 pa so popravljali rotovž. Wolfgang Gebhart received citizenship in 1537. In 1541 he was elected to the outer council and imme­ diately after that to the inner council. He was mayor for the first time in 1544/45. In 1547, the day after the death of the then mayor, Vid Khisl (21 |anuary 1547), he was elected mayor for a second time. He also remained in this position after the regular elec­ tions for mayor in |uly of the same year. His third term of office ended on 6 |uly 1548. In addition to the position of mayor, in 1547 and 1548 he also per­ formed the function of senior almshouse master. He was elected mayor for the fourth time on 5 |uly 1549 but did not accept the post because he was offended that the councillors had criticised his private life. From the first period as mayor, the introduction of a new order for Ljubljana butchers (1544) is important, and in October 1544 pipers from Villach entered service in L|ubl|ana. The most important events of his second and third terms are: in 1547, a new Piper and Procurator Older was adopted; in the same yeai, under pressure from the municipality, mayoi Gebhart committed himself to the réintroduction of Slovene preaching in the almshouse church, and in 1548. the city hall was repaiied. J a n ez D o rn župan: 1548/49, 1550-1552 trgovec V času prvega županovanja |aneza Dorna (6. julija 1548 do 5. julija 1549) so sklenili na rotovžu obokati hodnik. V času njegovega drugega županovanja (julija 1550 do 23. aprila 1552) pa je februarja 1551 izdal ukaz, naj okrajni načelniki Ljubljančanom zaplenijo vse protestantske knjige. V njegovem času so v Ljubljani postavili čuvaje vrtov. Veliko pozornosti so posvečali tudi požarni varnosti, saj so bile hiše meščanov še lesene. During |anez Dorn’s first term of office (6 |uly 1548 to 5 |uly 1549) the vaulted passage in the city hall was completed. During his second term (|uly 1550 to 23 April 1552), in February 1551 he issued an order that district chief officers should seize all Piotestant books from the people of Ljubljana. During his p e ­ riod, guards were set up on gardens. Great attention was also devoted to fire safety, since houses were still made of wood. O I in o O župan: 1552-1555, 1556-1559 trgovec nuv Rodbinski grb družine Tiffrer / Valvasor/ f «itii'ly t «.'.Us ol aim of family 1 iffrci V.ilv/ |u r i| T iffrer Verjetno Tiffrerji izvirajo iz Laškega (nemško: Tuffer). |urij Tiffrer je postal prvič župan po smrti |aneza Dorna 29. aprila 1552 in je ta položaj zasedal do 12. julija 1555. Zaradi turške nevarnosti se je moral ukvarjati z obrambnim utrjevanjem mesta. Tako so v njegovem času obnovili tudi Nemška vrata (Križanke) in uvedli več preventivnih ukrepov proti Turkom. Leta 1554 so prvič pripravili tudi načrt osušitve Barja in prekopa za ljubljanskim gradom, kar pa so uresni­ čili šele približno 200 let kasneje. Na začetku nje­ govega mandata so sklenili sezidati mestno kruharno, ker je bil pri prodaji kruha namreč velik nered in se “s prodajo pod Trančo dela gneča in ovira pešce”. Njegov drugi mandat je trajal od 10. julija 1556 do 7. julija 1559. V tem času je mesto po ukazu deželnega kneza cesarja Ferdinanda zaradi turške nevarnosti pomagalo močneje utrditi ljubljanski grad. Ljubljana je v ta namen v obeh mestnih opekarnah napekla po eno peko opeke. The Tiffrer family probably came from Lasko (Ger­ man: Tuffer). |urij Tiffrer became mayor for the first time after the death of |anez Dorn on 29 April 1552 and he occupied this post until 1 2 |uly 1555. Be­ cause of the Turkish threat, he had to deal with the defensive strengthening of the city. The Teutonic (Crusader) gate was thus renovated during his time and a number of defensive measures against the Turk introduced. In 1554, a plan was also first prepared for draining the Barje and a moat for Ljubljana Castle, but it was only realised approximately 200 years later. The building of a city bakery was com­ pleted at the start of his term, because there was great disorder during the sale of bread and “the sale of bread under Tranca caused a crush and obstructed pedestrians". His second term lasted from 10 |uly 1556 to 7 july 1559. At that time, on the orders of the provincial overlord, Emperor Ferdinand, the city greatly assisted in fortifying Ljubljana Castle because of the Turkish threat. For that purpose, one batch of bricks was fired in each of the city brickworks. s župan: 1555/56 krznar in trgovec M ih a e l F r a n k o v ič ni podatka/ f1568 pribl./ Poleg krznarstva se je Mihael Frankovič ukvarjal tudi s splošno trgovino in si je zaradi uspešnih poslov prido­ bil veliko bogastvo. Njegova politična kariera je bila pestra. V mestnem svetu je bil leta 1529 član zunan­ jega sveta, leta 1530 pa notranji svetnik. |anuarja 1551 so ga izključili iz mestnega sveta, ker je imel njegov sin “ljubezensko” afero z Velikovčanko Raitrerjevo. Sele po posredovanju kranjskega vicedoma in potem ko se je pobotal z Velikovcem (Volkermarkt), so ga 8. maja ponovno sprejeli v mestni svet. Zupan je bil od 12. julija 1555 do 10. julija 1556. Kot župan je so­ deloval v kranjskem odposlanstvu na zborih spodnje­ avstrijskih dežel na Dunaju leta 1555 in 1556. / In addition to furs, Mihael Frankovic also dealt in general trade, and his successful business brought him great riches. His political career was colourful. He was a member of the outer council on the city council in 1529, and in 1530 an inner councillor. In |anuary 1551 he was excluded from the city council because his son was having an affair with a woman, Raitrer, from Velikovec. Only after the intervention of the vicedom and after he had been reconciled with Velikovec (Volkermarkt), was he readmitted to the city council on 8 May. He was mayor from 12 |uly 1555 to 10 |uly 1556. He took part as mayor in the Carmolan mission to the councils of Lower Austrian lands, in Vienna in 1555 and 1556. Blaž Zam rl / Sam erl Zupan: 1559-1563; 1564/65; 1569-1571; 1575-1577 trgovec mayor: 1559 1563; 1564/65; 1569 1571; 1575 1577 met c hiint Blaž Zamrl je bil za župana prvič izvoljen 7. julija 1559. V času njegovega prvega županovanja se je pomiril več desetletni spor med mestom in ljubljan­ sko nemško viteško komendo zaradi davčne pris­ tojnosti nad podložniki, ki so živeli na komendskih zemljiščih. Tako je bilo nižje civilno in kazensko sodstvo nad podložniki dodeljeno samo komendi, vsi obrtniki na komendskem območju pa so morali od svoje obrti mestu plačevati davek in se ravnati po predpisih, veljavnih za meščane. Komendski podložniki so morali kot ostali Ljubljančani s tlako prispevati tudi k utrjevanju mesta. Na mestu župana je ostal neprekinjeno do 9. julija 1563. V času nje­ govega županovanja se je Primož Trubar za nekaj časa vrnil iz izgnanstva v Nemčiji in bil v Ljubljani v letih 1561 in 1562 superintendent slovenske protestantske cerkve. Kasneje je bil ljubljanski župan različno dolgo še trikrat. Blaz Zamrl was elected mayor for the first time on 7 |uly 1559. During his first period in office, he set­ tled a dispute that had gone on for several decades between the City of Ljubljana and the Ljubljana prebend of the Teutonic Knights, concerning tax jurisdiction over bondsmen who lived on prebend land. Sole lower civil and criminal jurisdiction over bondsmen was thus granted to the prebend alone, but all artisans on prebend territory had to pay tax to the city on their trade and behave according to regu­ lations valid for citizens. Prebend bondsmen, like other inhabitants of Ljubljana, had to contribute with soccage to the fortification of the city. He remained mayor uninterruptedly until 9 |uly 1563. During his mayorship, Primoz Trubar returned for some time from exile in Germany and was superintendent of the Slovene Protestant church in 1561 and 1562 in Ljubljana. Zamerl was later Ljubljana mayot a further three times for various lengths. Rodbinski grb družine Pregl / Valvasor/ Family codts o f arm o f family Prepl Valvasor M a r k o Pregl Pan; '5 6 3 / 6 4 car Marko Pregl je pridobil ljubljansko meščanstvo I. aprila 1541, 25. julija istega leta je bil izvoljen v zunanji svet. Kasneje je postal tudi notranji svetnik, hkrati tudi požarni nadzornik in član davčnega odbo­ ra za Novi trg. V letih 1559 do 1561 je bil mestni sodnik. Župan je bil v času med 9. julijem 1563 in 7. julijem 1564. O d pomembnih dogodkov v času njegovega m andata velja o m e n iti, da so avgusta 1563 v Ljubljani deželni stanovi ustanovili protestantsko gimnazijo, v kateri je bil za učitelja Svetega pisma in umetnosti imenovan Sebastjan Krelj. V Ljubljani je v tem času izbruhnila huda kuga, tako da je večina prebivalstva leta 1564 zapustila mesto in si postavila zasilne koče na bližnjih gričih. Marko Pregl obtained Ljubljana citizenship on I April 1541, and was elected to the outer council on 25 |uly of the same year He later also became an inner councillor, and at the same time also fire superintendent and a member of the tax c o m m itte e for Novi trg. He was city judge from 1559 to 1561, and mayor from 9 |uly 1563 to 7 |uly 1564. O f important events during his term, it is worth mentioning that in August 1563 a Protestant grammar school was founded in the Ljubljana States in which Sebast|an Krelj was appointed teacher of the Bible and art. Serious plague also broke out in L|ubljana at that time, so that in 1564, most of the inhabitants abandoned the city and set up emergency huts on the nearby hills. župan: 1565-1567, 1577-1579, 1581/82 trgovec, gostilničar in lastnik fužin nt, innkeepe L. Hren / Narodni muzej Slovenije/ /N ational M useum o f Slovenia / L e n a r t H r e n / K h r e e n , C h r o n / '1 5 2 0 11585 / Hreni naj bi prišli v Ljubljano s Kočevskega. Meš­ čanstvo si je Lenart Hren pridobil leta 1545. Mestni sodnik je bil v letih 1553 do 1555 in 1558/59. Dne 7. junija 1570 je bil izvoljen za višjega špitalskega mojstra. Kot župan je večkrat zastopaL Ljubljano v deželnem zboru in bil tudi deželni odbornik. Proti koncu življenja je bil lastnik fužin na |esenicah. Bil je odločen protestant. Pokopan je bil po protes­ tantsko pri sv. Petru. Bil je oče poznejšega župana Andreja in ljubljanskega škofa Tomaža Hrena.V času prvega županovanja od 6. julija 1565 do II. julija 1567 je bil leta 1565 dosežen sporazum med Ljubljano in Kranjem zaradi sejma na dan sv. Egidija, ki sta ga imeli dotlej obe mesti istočasno. Sredi leta 1566 je prišel v Ljubljano za ravnatelja stanovske Latinske šole pisec prve slovenske slovnice Adam Bohorič. V času njegovega zadnjega mandata so spomladi 1582 popravLjali lesene mostove pri ljubljanskih mestnih vratih in brvi po Barju. The Hrens are said to have come to Ljubljana from Kočevje. Lenart Hren obtained citizenship of Lju­ bljana in 1545. He was city judge from 1553 to 1555 and 1558/59. O n 7 |une 1570, he was elected senior almshouse master. He several times represented Ljubljana as mayor in the provincial assembly, and was also a provincial councillor. Towards the end of his life, he owned iron foundries in |esenice. He was a com m itted Protestant. He was buried according to Protestant rites at sv. Peter. He was father o f the lat­ er mayor, Andrej, and Ljubljana Bishop Tomaž Hren. During his first term o f office, from 6 | uly 1565 to II july 1567, in 1565 agreement was reached between Ljubljana and Kranj about the fair on the feast day o f sv. Egidij, which the two towns had to date held on the same day. The author o f the first Slovene grammer, Adam Bohorič, arrived in Ljubljana in the middle o f 1566. During his last term, in 1582, the wooden bridges at the Ljubljana city gates and the wooden footbridges on the Barje were repaired. Rodbinski grb družine Vodopivec / Valvasor/ Family coats-of-arm o f family Vodopivec / Valvasor/ M ihael Vodopivec / * ni podatka /1 župan: 1567-1569 trgovec mayor: 1567-1569 m erchant Mihael Vodopivec je bil župan od II. julija 1567 do 8. julija 1569. V času njegovega županovanja so pos­ večali veliko skrb oskrbi z vodo, saj so skušali narediti vodovod s štiristo do petsto macesnovimi debli, ker so se hrastova in jelkina izkazala kot netrpežna. Prav tako so v začetku leta 1568 v mesto poklicali strokovnjaka za vodnjake, ki naj bi pregledal vse vod­ njake v mestu, da ne bi propadli. V času njegovega mandata je mestni svet sprejel sklep, da ljubljanski mesarji ne smejo brez vednosti župana ali mestnega sodnika prodajati celih telet niti meščanom niti tujcem. Prav tako so pekom prepovedali peči kruh ponoči ter ob nedeljah in praznikih. Mihael Vodopivec was mayor from II |uly 1567 to 8 |uly 1569. During his term o f office, great atten­ tion was paid to water suppLy, with an attempt to make an aquaduct with four hundred to five hundred larch trunks, since oak and fir proved to be non-du- rable. Similarly, at the beginning o f 1568, experts on weLls were called to the city to inspect all the wells in the city to check that they were not disinte­ grating. During his term, the city council adopted a resolution that Ljubljana butchers may not sell whole calves to either citizens or foreigners without the approval o f the mayor or city judge. Bakers were also forbidden to bake bread at night and on Sundays and holidays. 1571-157 trgove' 1571-157 merchar and w ir Rodbinski grb družine P fanner/V alvasor/ Family coats-of-arm o f family P fanner/V alvasor/ Janez Pfa n n e r/P h a n n e r župan: 1571-1574, 1579-1581 trgovec, gostilničar in vinski dacar mayor: 1571 - 1574, 1579-1581 m erchant, innkeeper and wine exciseman 'le ;o d Ljubljanski meščan |anez Pfanner je leta 1568 omen- en kot notranji svetnik in mestni blagajnik. Sodnik e bil leta 1568/69 in 1569/70. O d 14. junija 1575 e bil tudi višji špitalski mojster. Vse življenje je bil vnet protestant. V svoji hiši je imel gostilno, kjer je točil vipavca in terana. V času njegovega prvega županovanja od 6. julija 1571 do 9. julija 1574 so po­ pravili cesto od Vrhnike do Ljubljane. V času druge­ ga županovanja pa so leta 1579 popolnoma obnovili Ljubljansko nemško viteško komendo in izdali nove predpise za ljubljanske krojače. The Ljubljana citizen |anez Pfanner is mentioned in 1568 as an inner councillor and city treasurer. He was a judge in 1568/69 and 1569/70. From 14 |une 1575 he was also senior almshouse master. He was a fervent Protestant all his life. He had an inn in his house, where he served Vipavec and Teran. The road from Vrhnika to Ljubljana was repaired during his first term o f office, from 6 |uly 1571 to 9 |uLy 1574. Dur­ ing his second term, in 1579, the Ljubljana prebend o f the Teutonic Knights was completely renovated, and new regulations for Ljubljana tailors were issued. Rodbinski grb družine H o ch ste tte r/V a lva so r/ Family coats of arm of family Hochstetter Valvasor / G ašper H o c h ste tte r / *ni podatka/ '1580/ župan: 1574/75 Gašper Hochstetter se pojavi prvič kot zunanji svet- trgovec nik Leta 1548/49. Trgoval je s suknom, kožami, krz­ nom in železnino. Imel je trgovske zveze z Nurn- bergom in Salzburgom. Zupan je bil od 9. julija 1574 do 8. julija 1575. V času njegovega županovanja so leta 1575 sklenili, da morajo vodno zaporo reke Lju­ bljanice zapirati ob sedmih zvečer in je ponoči ne smejo odpirati brez dovoljenja župana ali mestnega sodnika. Gasper Hochstetter first appears as an outer council lor in 1548/49. He traded in cloth, skins, furs and ironmongery. He had trading links with Nürnberg and Salzburg. He was mayor from 9 |uly 1574 to 8 |uly 1575. During his mayorship, in 1575, it was decided that the water barrages on the river Ljubljanica must be closed at seven in the evening and may not be opened at night without the permission of the mayor or city judge. župan mayor: - j iti J i i a i i : Reliefni gtb M,uka Steltnet|a / Narodni muze| Sloveni|e / ' 1 . ■ .it • i •• • • i" ,1, x . ::t't i N.itum.il M u>.oii'ti of Slovonia M a rk o Stettner / 1540 ’ 1600 pribl. / 1582-1584, 1591/1592 trgovec 158? 1584. Marko Stettner se je oktobra 1566 v Ljubljani poro­ čil z Beljačanko Vandulo Hildebrand. Kot vsa njego­ va družina je bil odločen protestant. Leta 1578 je za novo leto protestantski cerkveni občini podaril knji­ žico, v katero so vpisovali krste, poroke in pokope. Ljubljani je prvič županoval od 6. julija 1582 do 6. julija 1584, drugič pa od 12. julija 1591 do 10. julija 1592. Že takoj po prvi izvolitvi za župana so s streš­ niki prekrili mestni zid od sv. Lovrenca do Križank. V času njegovega drugega mandata pa se je pozimi 1591/92 zrušil mestni zid pri Kloštrskih vratih proti gradu; obnovitvena dela so trajala od aprila do de­ cembra 1592. Marko Stettner se je iz verskih razlogov v petek, 26. februarja 1599 hotel odreči meščanski pravici, vendar mu je mestni svet prošnjo odbil, češ da je knez prepovedal kakršnekoli menjave v sestavi te­ danjega mestnega sveta. Marko Stettner married Vandula Hildebrand, from Villach, in October 1566 in Ljubljana. He was a determined Protestant, as were his whole family. For the new year 1578, he donated a book to the Protestant church assembly in which were entered christenings, marriages and burials. He was mayor of Ljubljana first from 6 July 1582 to 6 |uly 1584, and for a second time from 1 2 July 1591 to 10 july 1592. Immediately after his election as mayor, the city walls from sv. Lovrenc to Križanke were roofed with tiles. During his second term of office, in the winter of 1591/92, the city walls at the Cloister Cate to­ wards the castle collapsed; renovation work lasted from April to December 1592. On Friday, 26 February 1599, Marko Stettner want­ ed to renounce citizen rights for religious reasons, but the city council rejected his request on the grounds that the duke had forbidden any change in the composition of the then city council. 1 .5 0 4 - 1 6 0 0 Rodbinski grb družine Gartner /V atvasor/ Family coats-of-arm o f family Gartner / Valvasor / W olf G a rtn er /* ni podatka/ M591/ župan: 1584-1587 Prvič ¡e Wolf Gartner omenjen v petek, 9. januarja lekarnar 1568, na seznamu zunanjih svetnikov, na dan sv. Ane, 26. julija 1568 pa že kot notranji svetnik. Znan je po tem, da je 12. septembra 1570 zastopal Primoža Trubarja na Cvekljevi zapuščinski razpravi. Gartner je omenjen tudi kot krčmar. Vse življenje je bil odločen protestant. V času njegovega županovanja od 6. julija 1584 do 10. julija 1587 so Turki jeseni 1584 pod vod­ stvom bosanskega paše Ferhada prispeli do ljubljan­ skih mestnih vrat in v okolici Ljubljane napravili veliko škode. Prav tako je v času njegovega županovanja nadvojvoda Karel potrdil Ljubljani mestni civilni sodni red. Wolf Gartner is first mentioned on Friday, 9 |anuary 1568, on the list of outer councillors, and on the feast day of St. Anne, 26 |uly 1568, as an inner coun­ cillor. He is known for having represented Primoz Trubar on 12 September 1570 at Cvekl’s probate debate. Gartner is also mentioned as a publican. He was a committed Protestant all his life. During his term as mayor, from 6 |uly 1584 to 10 |uly 1587, in the autumn of 1584, the Turks, under the command of the Bosnian Pasha Ferhada, reached the Ljubljana city gates and did great damage in the surround­ ings of Ljubljana. Similarly during his term of office, Archduke Charles confirmed the City of Ljubljana civil court order. Rodbinski grb družine de Curtoni / Valvasor/ fam ily coats ol arm of family de Curtoni Valvasoi Iakob de C urtoni r c župan: I587-I59I lekarnar, gostilničar in trgovec mayor: I587 1 5 9 1 apothecary, innkeepei and merchant |akob de Curtoni je bil za župana izvoljen 10. julija I587 in je ostal na tem mestu do 12. julija I59I. V času njegovega županovanja je 31. avgusta I589 v Ljubljani umrl | uri j Dalmatin, ki so ga pokopali v cerkvi sv. Petra v takratnem Sentpetrskem pred­ mestju.V začetku leta I59I je mesto kupilo od An­ dreja Polzerja kopališče na Starem trgu. |akob de Curtoni was elected mayor on 10 |uly I587 and held the post until !2 |uly 1 591 . During his term of office, |urij Dalmatin died in Ljubljana on 3 1 Au­ gust I589 and was buried in the church of sv. Peter in the then suburb of Sentpeter. At the beginning of I59I, the city bought the public baths in Stari trg from Andrej Polzer. i s r u - i ^ n o Rodbinski grb družine Valch / Valvasor/ Family coats-of-arm o f family Valch Valvasor / župan: 1592 lekarnar mavor: 1592 A n d r e j Va l c h /L a h ,Vo l k h Ker ¡e bil Andrej Valch protestant, so morali mestni svetniki na pritisk kranjskega deželnega vicedoma že kmalu po njegovi izvolitvi postaviti novega župana iz vrst katoličanov. Tako je župansko funkcijo opravljal le od 10. julija do 17. avgusta 1592. Because Andrej Valch was a Protestant, soon after his election the city councillors, under pressure from the Carniolan provincial vicedom, had to appoint a new mayor from Catholic ranks. He thus held the po­ sition of mayor only from 10 july to 17 August 1592. Rodbinski grb družine Travisan / Valvasor/ f amilv coats o fa rm of family Travisan Valvasoi V en to r in o T ravisan / * ni podatka 1597 pribl./ */ / 4 n { r v i n f t ' n c j y c i ' u . i / c i ' y i župan: 1592-1595 zlatar in gostilničar mayo i: 1592 1595 goldsmith and mnkeepei Poleg zlatarskega poklica je Ventorino Travisan kot toliko drugih ljubljanskih meščanov opravljal še gos­ tilničarsko obrt. Da se je povzpel do županske časti, se je imel zahvaliti samo dejstvu, da je bil katoličan. Znal se je samo podpisati, sicer pa je bil nepismen. Kazila ga je telesna napaka, ker je šepal na obe nogi. Mestu Ljubljani je načeloval od 17. avgusta 1592 do 13. julija 1595. In addition to being a goldsmith, Ventorino Travisan, like many other Ljubljana citizens, was also an inn­ keeper. That he achieved the honour of being mayor was due solely to his being a Catholic. He could sign his name, but was otherwise illiterate. He appeared to have a physical deformity, since he limped on both legs. He headed the City of Ljubljana from 1 7 August 1592 to 1 3 july 1595. 1 ^ 0 4 . - 1 6 0 0 M ih a e l Ro s e n / * ni podatka 1 5 9 8 / župan: 1595-1598 načelnik cesarskega spitala Leta 1590 in 1591 ¡e bil Mihael Rosen višji mestni bla­ gajnik, sicer pa načelnik cesarskega špitala. Dne 30. julija 1593 je omenjen kot notranji svetnik. Ker je bil katolik, ga je pri novih volitvah na dan sv. |akoba 1594 protestantska večina v mestnem svetu kljub naspro­ tnemu ukazu vlade potisnila iz notranjega sveta. Na vicedomov ponovni pritisk so se svetniki le vdali in ga izvolili za župana. Funkcijo je opravljal od 13. julija 1595 do konca marca 1598. V času njegovega žu­ panovanja so leta 1597 v Ljubljano prišli prvi jezuiti, ki so sprva stanovali v škofiji in pri frančiškanih. Maja istega leta so pričeli s šolskim poukom z drugim in tretjim gramatikalnim razredom. Februarja 1597 je obiskal Ljubljano nadvojvoda Ferdinand s številnim spremstvom. Dne 24. aprila 1597 so na pobudo takratnega stolnega kanonika Tomaža F-lrena prvič po sedemintridesetih letih v grajski kapeli zopet slovesno praznovali praznik mestnega patrona sv. Jurija. In 1590 and 1591, Mihael Rosen was senior city trea­ surer, and also head of the imperial alms-house. He is mentioned as an inner councillor on 30 |uIy 1593. Because he was a Catholic, during fresh elections on the feast day of St. |ames 1594, the Protestant majority forced him from the inner council despite a government order. Under renewed pressure from the vicedom, the councillors gave in and elected him mayor. He performed this function from 13 |uly 1595 to the end of March 1598. During his mayorship, in 1597, the first |esuits arrived in Ljubljana, who resi­ ded at first at the bishop’s palace and with the Fran­ ciscans. In May of the same year, school studies began for second and third year classes of grammar school. In February 1597, Archduke Ferdinand visited Ljubljana with a large escort. O n 24 April 1597, on the initiative of the then canon of the cathedral, Tomaz Hren, for the first time after thirty seven years, they formally celebrated the feast of the city’s patron saint, St. George, in the castle chapel. VoSčeni pečat mesta Ljubljane iz leta 1534 /Zgodovinski arhiv Ljubljana / Wax seal of the city of Ljubljana, 1534 Historical Aichives Ljubljana župan: 1598 poštni mojster in gostilničar mayor: 1598 M artin Schöberl / ' ni podatka / ! 1604 / Martin Schöberl je bil izvoljen za župana v začetku avgusta 1598, že po nekaj dneh pa je bil izvoljen nov župan, ker protestant Schöberl deželnemu vice- domu ni bil po volji. Zupan je tako postal katoličan Anton Feichtinger. Županski ukaz blagajniku Dularju za izplačilo 46 krajcarjev petim ujetnikom z dne 13. avgusta 1598 je namreč napisal in podpisal že novi župan “Antoni Feichtinger burgemeister”. Leta 1601 je bil Schöberl po odstopu Mihaela Talerja izvoljen za mestnega sodnika. Sicer pa je bil leta 1598 polo­ žen temeljni kamen jezuitskega kolegija, spomladi pa je prišlo v mestu do nemirov med katoličani in protestanti. Martin Schöberl was elected mayor at the beginn­ ing of August 1598, but after only a few days a new mayor was elected because the Protestant Schöberl was unacceptable to the vicedom. They had there­ fore to elect a Catholic, Anton Feichtinger. The mayor’s order to the treasurer, Dular of 13. August 1598, for payment of 46 'kreuzer' to five priso­ ners, namely, was written and signed by the new mayor “Antoni Feichtinger burgemeister'’. In 1601, after the resignation of Mihael Taler, Schöberl was elected city judge. In 1598, the foundation stone of the |esuit college was laid, and in spring there was rioting between Catholics and Protestants. A n t o n Fe ic h t in g e r zupan: 1598/99 zelnoknežji tehtničar 5 9S }rd': !Oht! Anton Feichtinger je bil priseljenec iz Škofje Loke, kjer je Leta 1583 naveden med meščani, in je bil ne­ kaj časa celo loški špitalski mojster. Loška mestna gosposka je zasegla nekaj Feichtingerjevega imetja za pokritje njegovih dolgov in tudi njegovo hišo, pristavo in zemljišča. Feichtinger je namreč kot bivši špitalski mojster ostal dolžan loškemu zavetišču 1 2 1 goldinarjev. Župansko funkcijo v Ljubljani je opravljal od avgusta 1598 do 9. julija 1599. V času njegovega županovanja so Ljubljano najprej ogrozili Turki, ki so leta 1598 po nekajletnem zatišju ponovno “pridrveli” do Ljubljane, naslednje leto pa epidemija kuge, ki naj bi pomorila kar 350 ljudi, kar je takrat predstavl­ jalo okrog 7 X mestnega prebivalstva. Najhuje je bilo junija. Anton Feichtinger was an immigrant from Skofja Loka, where he is mentioned in 1583 among citizens, and was foi some time even master of the Loka alms­ house. The Loka city lords seized some of Feich­ tinger s property to cover his debts, including his house, landing stage and land. Feichtinger, namely, as foimer almshouse master was indebted to the Loka shelter for 1 2 1 goldinars. He held the post of mayor of Ljubljana from August 1598 to 9 july 1599. During his term, Ljubljana was first threatened by the Turks who, after a pause of several years again stormed to Ljubljana, and the following year by an epidemic of plague, which killed some 350 people, at that time about 7°0 of the city’s population. It was worst in |une. 62 v - župan: 1599/1600, 1602-1604 učitelj, pevovodja in carinski proti pisar mayor: 1599 1600, 1602 1604 teacher, choir leader and customs recorder A. Hren / Narodni muzej Slovenije / N.ition,il Muscum of Slovenil A ndrej H r e n /K h r e e n ,C h r o n / * 1.562 '1645 / Andrej Hren je bil drugi sin protestantskega župana Lenarta Hrena in brat ljubljanskega škofa Tomaža Hrena. V času njegovega prvega županovanja (od 9. julija 1599 do 7. julija 1600) je v Ljubljani še vedno pustošila kuga, ki pa so jo nato le uspeli zajeziti. V času drugega mandata (od 12. julija 1602 do 9. julija 1604) si je prizadeval omejiti nelojalno in za mesto škodljivo kmečko trgovino. Prav tako so v tem času, točneje leta 1603, sezidali novi stolp na rotovžu, decembra 1603 pa je bil odprt novozgrajeni jezuitski kolegij pri sv. |akobu, ki je naslednje leto postal popolna šestrazredna gimnazija. Andrej Hren was the second son of the Protestant mayor, Lenart Hren and brother of Bishop of Lju­ bljana Tomaž Hren. During his first period of office (from 9 |uly 1599 to 7 july 1600), plague was still rampant in Ljubljana, but which they then succeeded in stemming. During his second term (from 1 2 |uly 1602 to 9 |uty 1604) he tried to limit unfair, and for the city damaging, agricultural trade. Similarly at this time, specifically 1603, a new tower was built on the city hall, and in December 1603, the newly constructed |esuit college at St. |akob was opened, which became a full six-year gymnasium in the fol­ lowing year. I S 0 4 - I 6 0 0 ID U ^ -IO U U Rodbinski grb družine Čavel / Valvasor/ Family coats-of-arm o f family Čavel /Valvasor/ V Jožef C avel/T schaull /*1545 +1612 pribl. / / župan. 1600/01, 1604/05 posestnik in pravnik mayor: 1 6 0 0 /0 1 , 1 6 0 4 /0 5 f'downer and lawyer Prvotno je bil |ožef Čavel protestant, kasneje pa se je spreobrnil in bil v letih 1601-1606 celo upravnik posestev ljubljanskih jezuitov. Prvič je bil župan med 7. julijem 1600 in 6. julijem 1601, drugič pa od 9. julija 1604 do 8. julija 1605. V začetku leta 1601 se je v Ljubljani z različnimi ukrepi deželnega kneza in ljubljanskega škofa Tomaža Hrena začela obsežna rekatolizacija meščanstva, ki je bilo takrat že v veliki večini protestantske veroizpovedi. |ožef Čavel was originally a Protestant, but he later recanted and was even manager of the estates of the Ljubljana |esuits in 1601-1606. He was mayor for the first time from 7 |uly 1600 to 6 |uly 1601, and for the second time from 9 |uly 1604 to 8 |uly 1605. At the beginning of 1601, the extensive re-catholicisation of the Ljubljana citizenry, the great majority of whom were then of the Protestant faith, began with various measures of the provincial overlord and the Bishop of Ljubljana Tomaž Hren. Rodbinski grb družine Salitinger / Valvasor/ Family coats ol ann o f fam ily Salitinger Valvasor A dri|an Salitinger / ni podatka 1616/ župan: 1601/02 krojač in vinski trgovec mayor: 1601 02 lailoi and wine merchant Mestni svet je Adrijana Salitingerja izvolil na mesto župana 6. julija 1601. V času njegovega enoletnega županovanja (do 12. julija 1602) so v Ljubljano prišli kapucini, k i so postavili samostan na območju današnjega parka Zvezda na Kongresnem trgu. The city council elected Adrijan Salitinger mayor on 6 |uly 1601. During his term of one year (to 1 2 |uly 1602), the Capuchins came to Ljubljana, setting up a monastery in the area of today's Zvezda Park in Kongresni trg. M ihael Preiss / * ni podatka/ f1631 / župan: 1605-1607, Prvi mandat Mihaela Preissa je trajal od 8. julija 1605 ¡621-1622 do 6. julija 1607. Leta 1607 je bil samo notranji svet- 'ca,m nik, leta 1608 pa je postal višji špitalski mojster. V času njegovega prvega županovanja so med drugim znova uredili mestno kopališče na Mestnem trgu, k i je propadlo v 16. stoletju. Drugič je bil župan od 9. julija 1621 do 8. julija 1622. V času drugega župa­ novanja je bil v Ljubljani leta 1621 močan potres. Pred magistratom so v njegovem času postavili slavolok. Mihael Preiss’s first term lasted from 8 |uly 1605 to 6 |uly 1607. In 1607 he was only an inner councillor, but in 1608 he became senior alms-house master. During his first term as mayor, among other things the public city baths in Mestni trg, which had fallen into disrepair in the 16th century, were renovated. He was mayor for a second time from 9 |uly 1621 to 8 |uly 1622. During this second term, in 1621, Ljubljana was struck by a powerful earthquake. A triumphal arch was set up in front of the city hall during his time. Rodbinski grb družine Vodopivec / Valvasor/ Family coats of aim of family Vodopivec Valvasor anez Vodopivec /*1550 1 ni podatka % ) 'W n župan: 1607/08 trgovec mayoi: 1607 08 tiioi c hant |anez Vodopivec ¡e bil sin trgovca in mestnega sod­ nika Mihaela Vodopivca. V virih je prvič omenjen v petek, 4. marca 1575 kot brat Barbare, žene Grego­ rja Zulerja. Kot njegov oče Mihael je bil tudi |anez Vodopivec dolgo časa protestant, ki pa se je kasneje spreobrnil v katoliško vero, saj sicer v tem času ne bi mogel postati župan. Župansko funkcijo je opravljal od 6. julija 1607 do II. julija 1608. V času njegovega županovanja je škof Hren postavil temeljni kamen kapucinske cerkve v Ljubljani, mesto pa je za gradnjo samostana in cerkve odstopilo kapucinom kamnite bloke in klesance, k i so ležali pod rotovžem. Vodnjak sredi samostanskega dvorišča je imel tako kvalitetno vodo, da so jo Ljubljančani uporabljali še dolgo po razpustitvi samostana, vse do konca 19. stoletja, ko so ga zasuli. |anez Vodopivec was the son of the merchant and city judge Mihael Vodopivec. He is first mentioned in sources on Friday, 4 March 1575, as the brother of Barbara, wife of Gregor Zuler. Like his father, Mihael, |anez Vodopivec was for a long time a Prot­ estant, but later returned to the Catholic faith, since he could not otherwise have been mayor at that time. He held the position of mayor from 6 |uly 1607 to I I |uly 1608. During his mayorship, Bishop Hren laid the foundation stone of the Capuchin church in Ljubljana, and the city donated the stone and cut blocks lying beneath the city hall to the Capuchins for the building of the monastery and church. The fountain in the middle of the monastery courtyard had such high quality water had the people of Ljubljana used it long after the abandonment of the monastery, right up to the end of the 19th century, when it was filled in. Rodbinski grb družine Sonce /Valvasor/ Family coats-of-arm o f family Sonce / Valvasor / J anez Sonce / "1523 pribl. / f1613/ župan: 1608-1610,1612— 1 6 1 3 trgovec in gostilničar mayor: 1608-1610, 1612— 1613 merchant and Prvi mandat |aneza Sonca je trajal od II. julija 1608 do 9. julija 1610, drugič pa je bil župan med 6. julijem 1612 in avgustom 1613. Potem ko je bil julija izvoljen za župana že tretjič, je po mesecu dni umrl. Ob njegovi izvolitvi je nastal spor, ali naj bo pri volitvah upoštevan tudi glas mestnega pisarja Stefana Misliča ali ne. V času njegovega prvega županovanja se je v Ljubljani na poti v Italijo 27. septembra 1608 mudil nadvojvoda Ferdinand z nadvojvodo Maksimilijanom in sestro Magdaleno. Prav tako je v času, ko je bil župan, deželni knez trškim trgovcem ter kramarjem in krošnjarjem od drugod omejil pravice prodajanja v Ljubljani. Mesto je v njegovem času zgradilo nov t. i. “Gornji most”, ki je stal na mestu današnjega Čevljarskega mostu. Zgradili pa so tudi Senklavški stolp pri škofiji, za katerega je del denarnih sred­ stev prispevalo tudi mesto. Leta 1609 je v Ljubljani zapadlo toliko snega, da se iz hiš ni dalo priti skozi vrata, ampak le skozi okna. |anez Sonce’s first term of office lasted from I I |uly 1608 to 9 |uly 1610, and he was mayor for a second time from 6 |uly 1612 to August 1613. He died a month after having been elected for a third time. A dispute arose during his election as to whether in the election the vote of the city clerk, Štefan MisliC, should be counted or not. During his first period, Archduke Ferdinand together with Archduke Maxi­ milian and his sister Magdelena stopped in Ljubljana on their way to Italy on 27 September 1608. Simi­ larly, during his mayorship, the provincial overlord re­ stricted the right of Triestine merchants, tradesmen and pedlars to sell in Ljubljana. During his time, the city built a new “Upper Bridge”, where Čevljarski most now stands. Šenklavec tower by the Bishop’s Palace was also built, for which the city contributed funds. In 1609, so much snow fell in Ljubljana that people were unable to leave their houses through the doors, only through the windows. t f z z > u y . U ^ i ‘ >^L • 1 Rodbinski grb družine Bernardini / Valvasor / F arnily coats of arm of family Bernardini Valvasot zupan: 1 6 1 0 — 1612, 1614— 1616, 1622/23, 1625 trgovec nuiyoi: 1610 1612, 1614 1616, 1622 7 3 , 1625 nc-rc liant anez Krstnik Bernardini G hidinelli) £^tV l \ ^ V mestnih knjigah se |anez Krstnik Bernardini, v začet­ ku županovanja se je podpisoval kot Ghidinelli, prvič omenja leta 1592, ko je bil že ljubljanski meščan. Za župana je bil prvič izvoljen 9. julija 1610 in je ostal na tem mestu do 6. julija 1612. Nato je bil župan še nekaj­ krat: od I. januarja 1614 do 8. julija 1616, med 8. julijem 1622 in 7. julijem 1623 in zadnjič med II. julijem 1625 in oktobrom istega leta. V času njegovega prvega županovanja so jezuiti od škofa Hrena dobili nov gradič “Pod turnom”, k i ga je sezidal na lastne stroške. Po preselitvi jezuitov iz samostana na današnjem Vodni­ kovem trgu je bila leta 1612 tam nekaj časa vojaška bolnišnica, nato pa je bila zgradba prepuščena franči­ škanom, k i so tam ostali vse do reformnih časov |ožefa II. Da bi iz mesta odpravili postopače in “s tem tatvino, bogokletstvo in nečistovanje”, so na njegov predlog sklenili postaviti za vse okraje v mestu, predmestju ter Gradišču in Trnovem dve- do tričlanske komisije, k i so po hišah popisale vse prebivalce. Sprejeli so tudi stro­ ge ukrepe za omejitev pijančevanja rokodelcev. V ta namen so bili sprejeti poseben policijski red za gostilne in rokodelce, ukrepi proti zapravljanju, veseljačenju, preklinjanju, predkupu živil, davčnim zamudnikom, nesnagi v mestu, itd. |anez Krstnik Bernardini (at the beginning of his term of office he signed himself Ghidinelli) is first men­ tioned in the city books in 1592, when he was already a citizen of Ljubljana. He was first elected mayor on 9 |uly 1610 and held the post until 6 |uly 1612. He was then mayor again several times: from I |anuary 1614 to 8 |uly 1616, between 8 |uly 1622 and 7 |uly 1623 and for the last time from I I |uly 1625 to October of the same year. During his first term, the |esuits received from Bishop Hren a new mansion “Pod turnom’ ', which he had built at his own expense. After the |esuits moved from the monastery to today’s Vodnikov trg, m 1612 there was a military hospital there for some time, and the building was then left to the Franciscans, who remained there until the time of the reforms of |oseph II. In order that idlers be removed from the city, on his proposal it was decided to set up a two oi three man commission for all districts in the city, suburbs and Gradišče in Trnovo, which censused everybody by houses. Strict measures were also adopted for restrict ing the drinking of artisans. Foi this purpose, they adopted a special police order for inns and artisans, measures against dissipation, revelry, pre purchase of foodstuffs, tax laggards, dirtiness in the city etc o b d o b je / i u v j v j — i / u u Rodbinski grb družine Eppich /Valvasor/ Family coats-of-arm of family Eppich /Valvasor/ A dam Eppich župan: 1 6 1 6— 1618,1620/21 žitni trgovec mayor: ¡616-1618, 1620/21 wheat merchant Eppichi po vsej verjetnosti izhajajo s Kočevskega. Adam Eppich je bil trgovec z žitom. Ob izvolitvi za župana se je najprej močno upiral in zagrozil, da se bo odpovedal meščanski pravici. Nato ga je notranji svet prisilil, da je prevzel položaj. V času njegovega prvega županovanja, od 8. julija 1616 do 12. julija 1619 in drugega od 6. julija 1620 do konca januarja 1621 je imela Ljubljana veliko stroškov za vojake, ki so se udeleževali vojn z Benetkami. Leta 1618 je velik požar uničil ljubljansko predmestje Krakovo. Leta 1616 je štela Ljubljana s predmestji 7.000 prebivalcev. The Eppich family probably came from Kocevje. Adam Eppich was a wheat merchant. On his election as mayor he at first strongly resisted and threatened to renounce his citizen’s rights. The inner council then persuaded him to take the position. During his first period as mayor, from 8 |uly 1616 to 12 |uly 1619 and the second from 6 |uly 1620 to the end of |anu- ary 1621, Ljubljana had great expenses for soldiers who took part in the war with the Venetians. In 1618 a major fire destroyed the Ljubljana suburb of Krakovo. In 1616, Ljubljana together with suburbs, had 7,000 inhabitants. zupan: 1619/20 trgovec s suknom in vinom I wine A dam W eiss TUGliti Adam Weiss je prvič omenjen kot meščan leta 1596 in sicer med prejemniki mestne opeke. Ljubljana je namreč imela v tem času tudi lastne gospodar­ ske obrate. Ustanavljali jih niso samo posamezniki, trgovci in obrtniki, ampak so nastajali tudi v režiji mesta. Tako je imelo mesto lastni kamnolom, ap­ nenico, opekarni, žago, kruharno in celo proizvodnjo smodnika. Vsi ti obrati so služili potrebam mesta in prebivalstva, z njihovimi presežki pa naj bi oskrbovali tudi širši trg. Mesto je imelo od njih dohodke v obliki dobička oziroma zakupnine in najemnine. Leta 1599 je bil Weiss izvoljen za zunanjega svetnika, naslednje leto je postal nižji mestni blagajnik. V na­ slednjih letih je bil bodisi notranji bodisi zunanji mestni svetnik. Njegovo glavno delo je bila trgovina s suknom, ukvarjal se je z dobavo pisalnega papirja in vinsko trgovino, imel pa je tudi gostilno s prenočišči. Imel je dve hiši na Starem trgu. V času njegovega županovanja od 12. julija 1619 do 6. julija 1620 je lju­ bljanski magistrat izdal dekret o uvedbi registrature, da bi s tem dosegli večjo preglednost pisarniškega poslovanja mesta. Adam Weiss is first mentioned as a citizen in 1596 among recipients of city bricks. At that time, Lju­ bljana also had its own manufacturing works. They were founded not only by individuals, merchants and artisans, but also under city management. The city thus had its own quarries, limeworks, brickworks, sawmills, bakeries and even gunpowder making. All these plants served the needs of the city and popula­ tion, as well as supplying the wider market with their surplus. The city had income from them in the form of profit or purchase price and rent. In 1599, Weiss was elected as an outer councillor, and the following year became junior city treasurer. In the following years, he was either an inner or an outer councillor. His main work was in the cloth trade, but he also dealt in the supply of writing paper and had an inn with accommodation. He had two houses in Star i trg. During his term of office, from 1 2 |uly 1619 to 6 |uly 1620, the Ljubljana Magistrat issu­ ed a decree on the introduction of a registry office in order to achieve greater transparency of the office business of the city. < u _ o o župan: 1623/24, 1626-1629 lekarnar in trgovec mayor: 1623/24, 1626-1629 apothecary and m erchant Rodbinski grb družine Verbec / Valvasor/ Family coats-of-arm o f family Verbec / Valvasor/ Ja nez Krstnik Verbec / ni podatka / t!639/40/ s r { |anez Krstnik Verbec ¡e postal meščan 30. marca 1601, leta 1605 ¡e že prišel v notranji svet, od leta 1607 do 1609 je bil zunanji, nato pa okoli deset let spet notranji svetnik. Leta 1613 je postal višji špitalski mojster. Po poklicu je bil lekarnar, čeprav je bil med drugim tudi zakupnik vinskega daca v Ljubljani. O d oktobra 1625 je bil po smrti župana |aneza Krstnika Bernardinija upravitelj županstva. V času, ko je bil žu­ pan, je mesto podarilo opeko za zidavo avguštinske cerkve in samostana (danes frančiškanski samostan na Prešernovem trgu); začeli so zidati nov stolp na gradu in ustanovili novo opekarno. |anez Krstnik Verbec became a citizen on 30 March 1601, and in 1605 was already on the inner council, from 1607 to 1609 he was an outer councillor, and then again for about ten years an inner councillor. In 1613 he became senior almshouse master. By profes­ sion he was an apothecary, although among other things he was also leaseholder o f the wine tax in Ljubljana. After the death o f janez Krstnik Bernardini, from O ctober 1625 he was acting mayor. During his mayorship, the city donated bricks for the walls o f the Augustine church and monastery (now the Franciscan monastery in Prešernov trg); they began to buiLd a new tower on the castle and established a new brickworks. 1624/ 1624/ 72 4 —0- Rodbinski grb družine Vidič / Valvasor/ Family coats-of-arm o f family Vidič /V alvasor/ Jurij Vid ic /W iditsch Preden ¡e prvič postal župan, ¡e bil |urij Vidič večkrat mestni sodnik. Njegov prvi mandat ¡e trajal od 12. ju­ lija 1624 do II. julija 1625, drugi pa od 12. julija 1630 do II. julija 1631. V času njegovega prvega mandata je mestni svet izrazil željo, da bi zgradili nov most na Bregu, v času njegovega drugega županovanja pa so podrli staro Trančo in začeli graditi novo. Before becoming mayor for the first time, jurij Vidic was city judge several times. His first term o f office lasted from 12 |uly 1624 to II |uly 1625, and the second from 12 |uly 1630 to II |uLy 1631. During his first term, the city council expressed the desire to build a new bridge at Breg, and during his second, they demolished the oLd Tranca (prison) and began to build a new one. župan: 16 24/25,1630/31 gostilničar mayor: 1624/25, 1630/31 innkeeper o b d o b 'e / > ) ) Rodbinski grb družine Carminetli /Valvasor/ Family coats-of-arm o f family Carminelli / Valvasor/ H oracij C arm inelli Horacij Carminelli is first mentioned in 1615, when he was an apothecary in Celje. He moved to Ljublja­ na in 1618. Valvasor says that he obtained Ponovice Castle in 1630 and, according to some data, was himself ennobled. During his term as mayor, from 6 |uly 1629 to 12 |uly 1630, the mayor’s salary was in­ creased from 50 to 100 goldinars a year. Similarly, at that time the nearby round gunpowder tower in Grad towards Poljane blew up because of a fire in the city, which caused great fear. The gunpowder tower was soon renovated. župan: 1629/30 Prvič je Horacij Carminelli omenjen leta 1615, ko je Lekarnar bil lekarnar v Celju. V Ljubljano se je preselil leta 1618. Po Valvasorju naj bi leta 1630 dobil grad Po- noviče in po nekaterih podatkih se je že sam pople­ menitil oz. dosegel plemiški naslov. V času njegov­ ega županovanja od 6. julija 1629 do 12. julija 1630 so povišali župansko plačo s 50 na 100 goldinarjev na leto. Prav tako je v tistem času zaradi požara v mestu razneslo bližnji okrogli smodniški stolp na Gradu proti Poljanam, kar je povzročilo v mestu velik strah. Smodniški stolp so kmalu obnovili. A ndrej Strobl / ‘ni podatka/ ’1637/ župan: 1631-1634 Pred izvolitvijo za župana je bil Andrej Strobl mestni irhar sodnik. Za župana je bil izvoljen I. julija 1631, na tem ;1 1,iym ; |(,',| |(, ,! mestu pa je ostal do 7. julija 1634. V času njegovega županovanja so zgradili mestno obzidje ob Ljubljanici na Starem trgu, pogorel pa je prvotni avguštinski sa­ mostan. Za njegovo obnovo je mesto julija 1631 skle­ nilo podariti 10.000 strešnikov iz mestne opekarne. Before being elected mayor, Andrej Strobl was city judge. He was elected mayor on I |uly 1631, and remained mayor until 7 |uly 1634. During his term of office, the city walls along the Ljubljanica in Stari trg were built, and the original Augustinian monastery was burned down. In |uly 1631, the city decided to donate 10,000 roof tiles from the city brickworks for its rebuilding. Rodbinski grb družine O ttho / Valvasor/ Family coats-of-arm o f family O ttho / Valvasor / Krištof O ttho /*1579 * 1 6 6 4 / župan: 1634-1638, 1641-1644 trgovec in veleposestnik mayor: 1634-1638, 1641-1644 merchant and estate owner Krištof Ottho se je rodil kot podložnik, vendar si je s trgovino toliko opomogel, da je leta 1617 pridobil meščanstvo. V letih 1623 in 1626 je bil mestni sod­ nik. V času njegovega prvega županovanja od 7. julija 1634 do 9. julija 1638 je na Slovenskem izbruhnil velik kmečki upor, k i je ogrožal tudi Ljubljano. Po zadušitvi upora so voditelje kmečke vstaje zaprli v Ljubljani ter jih tam mučili in usmrtili. Njegov drugi županski mandat je trajal od julija 1641 do 12. julija 1644. V Ljubljani je Ottho dvakrat zbral mestne sod­ nike, da so skupno nastopili tako pri deželi kot pri deželnem knezu proti novim davkom. Leta 1637 so v Ljubljani zgradili novo mestno kruharno in skladišče. Kristof Ottho was born a bondsman, but was so suc­ cessful in trade that he obtained citizenship in 1617. He was city judge in 1623 and 1626. During his first term as mayor, from 7 |uly 1634 to 9 |uly 1638, the great peasant’s revolt broke out in Slovenia, which even threatened Ljubljana. After its suppression, the leaders were imprisoned in Ljubljana and there torured and put to death. His second term as mayor lasted from |uly 1641 to 12 |uly 1644. O ttho twice gathered city judges in Ljubljana, in order for them to appear both before the States and the provincial overlord against new taxes. A new bakery and store­ house were built in Ljubljana in 1637. G regor Kunstl /* ni podatka / f 1639 / župan: 1638-1639 trgovec mayoi: 1638 1639 meichant Rodbina Gregorja Kunstla prihaja iz okolice Škofje Loke. Ljubljanski meščan je postal leta 1613. Bil je zelo premožen trgovec. V času njegovega župa­ novanja med 9. julijem 1638 in koncem oktobra 1639 so popravili mestno obzidje med Gornjim in Špital­ skim mostom in začeli graditi nov stolp ob Ljublja­ nici pri Vicedomskih vratih. The family of Gregor Kunsti came from the vicin­ ity of Škofja Loka. He became a Ljubljana citizen in 1613. He was a very wealthy merchant. During his term of office between 9 |uly 1638 and the end of October 1639, the city walls between Gorn|i and Špitalski most were repaired and a start was made on building a new tower beside the Ljubljanica by Vicedom Gate. IO U U -1 /uu Rodbinski grb družine Wiz pl. Wizenstein / Valvasor/ Family ccats-of-arm of family Wiz pl. Wizenstein / Valvasor/ M arko W iz /W utz pl.W iz e n s t e in /*1569 *1654/ župan: 1640/41, 1644-1647 gostilničar in trgovec mayor: 1640/41, 1644-1647 innkeeper and merchant Njegov rod izhaja iz Nemčije. Preden je bil izvoljen za župana, je bil mestni sodnik. Med letoma 1640 in 1645 je pridobil plemstvo in se začel po svojem pos­ estvu ob Glinščici imenovati “Glinški”. V času nje­ govega prvega županovanja od 6. julija 1640 do 12. julija 1641 so prišli v Ljubljano bosonogi avguštinci. V Ljubljani in predmestjih je v času njegovega druge­ ga županovanja od 12. julija 1644 do 12. julija 1647 močno pustošila kuga, za katero je samo v ljubljan­ skem predmestju Dravlje umrlo sto ljudi. Mesto je imelo veliko stroškov tudi s preskrbo vojaštva, ki je kot posledica tridesetletne vojne v Nemčiji bivalo v mestu. Zato je leta 1645 v mestu prišlo do velikih nemirov med meščani in italijanskimi vojaki ferrar­ skega polka, k i so bili nameščeni v Ljubljani, ker so ti v prepiru ubili dva ljubljanska mesarja. His family was of German origin. He was a city judge before being elected mayor. He was ennobled be­ tween 1640 and 1645 and began to be called “Glinški”, from his estates by Glinscica. During his first term of office, from 6 july 1640 to 12 |uly 1641, the barefoot Augustinians came to Ljubljana. During his second term, from 12 |uly 1644 to 12 |uly 1647, plague raged in Ljubljana and suburbs, with one hun­ dred people dying of it in the Ljubljana suburb of Dravlje alone. The city also had great expenses relat­ ing to supplying the military that resided in the city because of the Thirty Years War in Germany. So in 1645 there were major riots in the city between the citizens and Italian soldiers of the Ferrara regiment, who were billeted in Ljubljana, because these had killed two Ljubljana butchers in a fight. župan: 1647 lekarnar mayoi: 1647 apothecary Rodbinski grb družine Ciriani / Valvasor/ Family coats of aim of family Cinam Valvasor Franc C iriani / * 1590 pribl. ' 1647/ Franc Ciriani je bil sin lekarnarja Pavla Cirianija, Itali­ jana po rodu. Študiral je v Padovi in Gradcu, leta 1623 se je poročil z Ano Marijo Popp. Že leta 1633 je omenjen kot notranji svetnik, v letih od 1636 do 1638 in 1642 do 1644 pa kot mestni sodnik. Leta 1644 mu je cesar Ferdinand III. podelil plemstvo. Zupan je bil le en mesec, od julija do avgusta 1647. Skoraj ves čas županovanja ga je nadomeščal podžu­ pan Ludvik Schonlebl. Franc Ciriani was the son of the apothecary, Pavlo Ciriani, an Italian by origin. He studied in Padova and Graz, and in 1623 married Ana Marija Popp. He is already mentioned in 1633 as an inner coun­ cillor, and from 1636 to 1638 and 1642 to 1644 as city judge. He was ennobled in 1644 by Emperor Ferdinand III. He was only mayor for a month, from |uly to August 1647. Almost throughout this time, he was deputised by Ludvik Schonlebl. IÖ U U -I/U U Rodbinski grb družine Schönleben / Valvasor/ Family coats-ofarm o f family Schönleben /Valvasor / Ludvik Schönlebl (Sc h ö n l e b e n ) /*1590 *1663 / župan: 1648-1650, 1652-1655 mizar mayor: 1648-1650, 1652-1655 carpenter Ludvik Schonlebl se je rodil leta 1590 na Wurttem- berškem v Nemčiji, v Ljubljano je prišel kot mizarski pomočnik okoli leta 1617. Za meščana je bil sprejet marca 1618, novembra istega leta pa se mu je rodil sin |anez Ludvik, poznejši ljubljanski dekan in zna­ meniti mestni zgodovinopisec. Ludvik Schonlebl pa ni bil zgolj mizar, ampak tudi cenjen rezbar, ki je izdelal veliki korni oltar stolne cerkve sv. Niko­ laja. Večkrat je bil tudi mestni sodnik. Leta 1648 je bil povzdignjen v plemiški stan. Od leta 1646 je poveljeval mestni straži in v tej funkciji je leta 1660 v Ljubljani sprejel cesarja Leopolda. Ukvarjal se je tudi s pisanjem kronik. Tako je kot rokopis zapustil kroniko Ljubljane in letopis vojvodine Kranjske. V času njegovega prvega županovanja od 10. julija 1648 do 8. julija 1650 so začeli zidati samostan klaris v Ljubljani (poleg današnje Name, nasproti hotela Slon), k i je bil končan v času njegovega naslednika Bertaša. Zgradili so tudi nov Čevljarski most. Njegov drugi mandat je trajal od 12. julija 1652 do 9. julija 1655. V tem času so leta 1653 s kamnosekom Francescom Olivierijem sklenili po­ godbo o izdelavi vodnjakov na Mestnem in Starem Ludvik Schönlebl was born in 1590 in Württemberg in Germany, and came to Ljubljana as a carpenter’s assistant around 1617. He was granted citizenship in 1618, and had a son in November of the same year, janez Ludvik, later Dean of Ljubljana and well-known city historian. Ludvik Schönlebl was not just a car­ penter but also a valued carver, who made the large chancel altar of the cathedral church of sv. Nikolaj. He was also several times city judge. He was en nobled in 1648. He commanded the city guard from 1646 and in 1660 in this fuction received Emperor Leopold in Ljubljana. He also wrote chronicles. He thus left in manuscript a chronicle of Ljubljana and yearbook of the Duchy of Carniola. During his first period in office, from 10 |uly 1648 to 8 |uly 1650, the building of the Convent of St. Clare in Ljubljana was begun (beside today’s Nama, opposite Hotel Sion), which was completed in the time of his suc­ cessor, Bertas. A new Cevljarski most was also built. His second term of office lasted from 12 |uly 1652 to 9 |uly 1655. At that time, in 1653, a contract was concluded with the stone mason, Francesco Olivieri, on the construction of fountains in Mestni and Stan trgu iz sekanih, poliranih kamnov in blokov; vse z odobritvijo deželnega glavarja. Na dan sv. Ahacija 22. junija 1653 so zelo slovesno praznovali izvolitev cesarja Ferdinanda IV . Proslava je trajala tri dni. Ob tej priložnosti je nastopilo 100 oboroženih meščanov s črnimi in rumenimi mest­ nimi zastavami. Zanimivo je, da se je vedno podpisoval kot “Schon- lebl”, čeprav so njegovi otroci in potomci upora­ bljali priimek “Schonleben”. trg, from cut, polished stones and blocks; all with the approval of the provincial overlord. On the feast day of sv. Ahac on 22 |une 1653, the celebrations marking thecoronation of Emperor Ferdinanda IV lasted three days. On this occasion, 100 armed citizens with black and yellow city flags performed. It is interesting that he always signed himself “Schon­ lebl”, although his children and descendants used the surname “Schonleben". 8i C ‘ir IO U U -1 /uu Rodbinski grb družine Bertaš pl. Scharffeneg/Valvasor/ Family coats-of-arm o f family Bertas pl. Scharffeneg/Valvasor/ župan: 1650-1652, 1655-1657 kramar in trgovec mayor: 1650-1652, 1655-1657 tradesman and merchant |u rij B e r ta s /W e r ta s c h pl. S c h a rffe n e g / ni podatka / 1 6 6 9 / |urij Bertaš je dobil meščanstvo Leta 1632. Čez dvaj­ set Let, Leta 1652, je b iL popLemeniten. Bil je lastnik več hiš in vrtov. Prvič je opravljal župansko funkcijo od 8. julija 1650 do 12. julija 1652, drugič pa med 9. julijem 1655 in 6. julijem 1657. Med svojim župano­ vanjem si je z ostalimi kranjskimi mesti prizadeval za odpravo kmečke trgovine, ki je slabila mestno gospodarstvo. Leta 1656 so pozidali obrežje od novih mesnic do špitalskega stolpa ter popravili Špitalski most. Pozi­ davo je opravil zidar |akob Kocijan, kvadre pa je dal kamnosek Matevž Potočnik. j uri j Bertaš obtained citizenship in 1632. He was en ­ nobled twenty years later, in 1652. He owned several houses and gardens. He first held the post of mayor from 8 |uly 1650 to 12 |uly 1652, and for a second time from 9 |uly 1655 to 6 |uly 1657. During his term of office, in conjunction with other Carniolan towns he tried to abolish farm trade, which weakened the city economy. In 1656, the embankments from the new butcher’s shops to Špital tower were built and Špitalski most was repaired. The building was done by the builder |akob Kocijan, and the stone mason Matevž Potočnik supplied the ashlar blocks. župan: mayoi: Rodbinski grb družine Reringer pl. Rerenburg /Valvasor/ I annly coats of arm of family Reiinger pi. Reienbiug Valvasor { anez Reringer pl. Rerenburg 1657-1663, 1666-1669 trgovec 1657 1663, 1666 1669 merchant |anez Reringer je pridobil meščanstvo brezplačno kot meščanov sin na prvi mestni pravdi leta 1637. Po poklicu ¡e bil trgovec. Trgoval ¡e z železom, bil pa je tudi predstojnik špitala. Leta 1651 je omenjen kot notranji svetnik, mestni sodnik je bil od leta 1653 do 1655, župan pa od 6. julija 1657 do 6. julija 1663 in ponovno od 9. julija 1 666 do 9. julija 1669. V času njegovega županovanja je Ljubljano, prvič 7. septem­ bra in drugič 4. oktobra 1660, obiskal cesar Leop­ old. Predložili so kar dva načrta za izsušitev Barja, k i pa nista bila uresničena. V tem času so v Ljubljani odprli novo jezuitsko gimnazijsko poslopje. |anez Reringer obtained citizenship free as the son of a citizen, at the first city hearings of 1637. He was a merchant by profession. He traded in iron, and was also director of the almshouse. He is mentioned in 1651 as an inner councillor, and was city judge from 1653 to 1655, and mayor from 6 july 1657 to 6 |uly 1663 and again from 9 |uly 1666 to 9 |uly 1669. Emperor Leopold visited Ljubljana twice during his term as mayor, first on 7 September and second on 4 October 1660. Two plans were submitted for draining the Barje, but they were not realised. A new |esuit gymnasium building was opened in Ljubl|ana at that time. o b d o b je / Rodbinski grb družine PiSkon / Valvasor/ Family coats-of-arm o f family Piskon / Valvasor/ J anez M arija Pis k o n /P is c o n /* ni podatka/ +1674/ |anez Marija Piskon was mayor for the first time from 6 |uly 1663 to 9 |uly 1666, and again from II |uLy 1670 to the end of August 1672. A new tower was built by the Vicedom Gate during his term of office, and they also began to build the church of sv. Florijan, as a vow to protect against fire. župan: 1663-1665, 1670-1672 trgovec in obrtnik mayor: 1663-1665, ¡670-1672 merchant and craftsman |anez Marija Piskon je bil župan prvič od 6. julija 1663 do 9. julija 1666, drugič pa od II. julija 1670 do konca avgusta 1672. V času njegovega županovanja so zgradili nov stolp pri Vicedomskih vratih, zidati pa so začeli tudi cerkev sv. Florijana kot zaobljubo pred požarom. župan: 1672-1676, 1679-1682, 1692 trgovec mayoi: 1672 1676, 1679 1682, 1692 merchant T anez Krstnik D o ln iča r/ 1 HALNITSCHER /*1626 *1692 / Ko je bil star 20 let, je |anez Krstnik Dolničar odpo­ toval na Dunaj in stopil v službo pri dr. Hallerju, kjer je ostal leto, nato je služboval pri solnem uradniku Putzu na Dunaju. Leta 1648 se je vrnil v Ljubljano, kjer se je marca 1649 poročil s hčerjo župana Schon- lebla Ano. Leta 1651 je bil kot meščanov sin sprejet med meščane, že naslednje leto je bil izvoljen v zu­ nanji svet, maja 1654 za nižjega špitalskega mojstra, leta 1656 pa v notranji svet. Na silvestrovo leta 1688 ga je cesar povzdignil v plemiški stan. Zelo znana sta njegova sinova dr. |anez Gregor Dolničar, ljubljan­ ski mestni pisar in krajevni kronist, ter |anez Anton Dolničar, generalni vikar ljubljanske škofije. V času njegovega prvega županovanja od 2. septembra 1672 do 10. julija 1676 je požar pred Špitalskimi vrati uničil štirideset hiš. Drugič je bil župan od 7. julija 1679 do 10. julija 1682, tretjič pa čez 10 let, od II. julija 1692 do 24. oktobra 1692. V času njegovega drugega županovanja je spomladi 1682 stavbenik Marcelllo Genovese postavil pred šentjakobsko cerkvijo zna­ meniti Marijin steber, k i ga je zasnoval Valvasor. When he was 20 years old, |anez Krstnik Dolničar travelled to Vienna and took service with Dr. Haller, where he stayed a year, and then served the salt official Putz in Vienna. He returned to Ljubljana in 1648, where in 1649 he married Mayor Schonlebl’s daughter Ana. He received citizenship in 1651 as the son of a citizen, and was already elected to the outer council the following year, in May 1654 as |unior almshouse master, and in 1656 to the inner council. He was ennobled by the emperor in 1688. His sons, Dr. |anez Gregor Dolničar, Ljubljana city clerk and royal chronicler, and |anez Anton Dolni­ čar, Vicar-General of the Diocese of Ljubljana, are well-known. During his first period in office, from 2 September 1672 to 10 |uly 1676, a fire in front of the Špital Gate destroyed forty houses. He was mayor for a second time from 7 |uly 1679 to 10 |uly 1682, and again after 10 years, from I I |uly 1692 to 24 October 1692. During his second term, in 1682. the builder Marcelllo Genovese set up in front the the church of sv. |akob, the shrine of Mary’s column that had been designed by Valvasoi. I b U U - l/U U Rodbinski grb družine Bosio /Valvasor/ Family coats-of-arm o f family Bosio /Valvasor zupan: 1676-1679, 1682-1688 mestni registrator in pisar mayor: 1676-1679, 1682-1688 city registrar and scribe J anez Jernej Bo sio / ni podatka / 11693 / |anez |ernej Bosio je bil sin trgovca s suknom |erne- ja Bosia, po rodu Italijana. V pisnih virih ga prvič zasledimo v sodnih zapisnikih leta 1636. Zupan je bil od 10. julija 1676 do 7. julija 1679 in od 10. julija 1682 do 9. julija 1688. V njegovem času je leta 1678 |anez Krstnik Mayer iz Salzburga v Ljubljani odprl tis­ karno, leta 1688 pa je začela delovati redna poštna povezava med Ljubljano in Trstom. |anez |ernej Bosio was the son of a cloth merchant, |ernej Bosio, Italian by origin. He is first mentioned in written sources in court records for 1636. He was mayor from 10 |uly 1676 to 7 |uly 1679 and from 10 |uly 1682 to 9 |uly 1688. At this time, in 1678, |anez Krstnik Mayer from Salzburg opened a printing house in Ljubljana, and in 1688, a regular postal connection between Ljubljana and Trieste began to operate. Rodbinski grb družino Ederpl. Edenburg/Valvasor/ family coats of aim of family Eder pl. Edenbuig Valvasor G abriel Eder pl. Edenburg /* 1626 *1711/ župan: 1688-1692, 1693-1697, 1702-1710 trgovec mayof: 1688 1692, 1693 1697, 1702 1710 merchant Rodbina Ederjev naj bi v začetku 17. stoletja prišla v Ljubljano iz koroškega Beljaka. Meščanstvo je pridobil marca 1653; najprej je omenjen kot kramar, kasneje kot trgovec. V zunanjem svetu je bil leta 1657/58, v notranjem pa od 1663 do 1669. Sod­ nik je bil v letih 1677 do 1680 in od 1682 do 1686. Leta 1694 je dobil tudi plemstvo. V času njegovega prvega županovanja (od 9. julija 1688 do II. julija 1692) so v Ljubljani potekali številni čarovniški pro­ cesi, kjer so veliko “čarovnikov in čarovnic” mučili, usmrtili in nato sežgali na grmadah. Njegov drugi mandat je trajal od 10. julija 1693 do 12. julija 1697. V času njegovega tretjega županskega mandata od 7. julija 1702 do II. julija 1710 so v Ljubljano leta 1702 prišle uršulinke. The Eder family is thought to have come to Ljubljana at the start of the 17th century from Villach in Carin- thia. He obtained citizenship in 1653; he is mentio­ ned first as a tradesman and later as a merchant. He was on the outer council in 1657/58, and the inner from 1663 to 1669. He was a judge from 1677 to 1680 and from 1682 to 1686. He was also enobled in 1694. During his first period as mayor (from 9 |uly 1688 to I I |uly 1692) numerous trials of witches took place in Ljubljana, where they tortured, put to death and then burnt on bonfires a large number of “wiz­ ards and witches". His second term lasted from 10 |uly 1693 to 1 2 ¡uly 1697. During his third term, from 7 |uly 1702 to I I |uly 1710, the Ursuline nuns came to Ljubljana in 1702. lO U U -l/U U župan: 1697-1699 špitalski mojster mayor: 1697-1699 almshouse master Rodbinski grb družine de Giorgio /Valvasor/ Family coats-of-arm of family de Giorgio / Valvasor/ M atija de G io r g io / ni podatka / +1700 / Med meščane je bil sprejet leta 1679; bil je cesar­ ski špitalski mojster. Od leta 1684 je bil notranji svetnik, od 1689 do 1691 mestni sodnik, od 12. julija 1697 do 10. julija 1699 pa župan. V času njegovega županovanja so leta 1698 popravljali Seiterjevo hišo in postavili kapelo in “zidanico”, kjer stoji današnje trnovsko župnišče. Istega leta so popravljali tudi ljubljansko mestno hišo. Leta 1699 je na magistratu izbruhnila “afera”, ker je avstrijska vlada obtožila mestnega pisarja |aneza Krstnika Dolničarja, češ da ni tega mesta pridobil po lastni zaslugi, ampak s korupcijo. Posledica tega je bila, da je pisar Dolni­ čar odstopil sam. He obtained citizenship in 1679; and was the impe­ rial almshouse master. He was an inner councillor from 1684, a city judge from 1689 to 1691, and ma­ yor from 1 2 |uly 1697 to 10 |uly 1699. During his ma­ yorship, in 1698, Seiter’s house was repaired and a chapel and “vineyard cottage” erected, where the Trnovo rectory now stands. Ljubljana city hall was also repaired the same year. In 1699, an “affair broke out at the Magistrat, because the Austrian government accused the city clerk, |anez Krstnik Dolničar, of obtaining the post not through his own merits but through corruption. The result was that Dolničar himself resigned. Pečat mesta Ljubljana iz I. polovice 18. stoletja /Zgodovinski arhiv Ljubljana/ Wax o f city of L|ubl|ana from the 1st half of the ISth centuiy / Historical Aichives L|ubl|ana Franc pl.G raffenhueber / ni podatka/ '1701/ * župan: 1699-1701 Meščanstvo je dobil leta 1681. Notranji svetnik je lekarnar bil od leta 1686 do 1693, za sodnika je bil izvoljen leta 1693 in ponovno leta 1694. V času njegovega županovanja, med 10. julijem 1699 in novembrom 1701, so začeli zidati novo stolnico, odprli prvo javno knjižnico in ustanovili akademijo risarjev in filhar­ monikov. He obtained citizenship in 1681. He was an inner councillor from 1686 to 1693, and was elected judge in 1693 and again in 1694. During his term as mayor, between 10 |uly 1699 and November 1701, they began to build the new cathedral church, opened the first public library and founded the aca­ demy of artists and members of the philharmonia. I/U U -IS U U Pečat mesta Ljubljana iz I. polovice 18. stoletja /Zgodovinski arhiv Ljubljana/ Wax o f city o f L|ubljana from the 1st half of the 18th century / Historical Archives Ljubl|ana / župan: 1710— 1712 trgovec mayor: 1710— 1712 merchant anez Krištof Pu c h e r /B u e c h e r pl.Puchenthall V Ljubljano je prišel leta 1660, se istega leta poro­ čil z Marjeto Bresk in se naselil v hiši svoje tašče. Njegova kariera se je začela vzpenjati leta 1662. Tako si je tega leta pridobil pravico trgovati v Lju­ bljani, naslednje leto pa je kot kramar že pridobil meščanstvo. Leta 1672 je bil izvoljen v zunanji svet, leta 1682 pa v notranji svet. V letih od 1686 do 1689 ter 1696/97 in 1700 je bil mestni sodnik. Leta 1699 je pridobil plemstvo. V času njegovega županovanja je mesto sezidalo novo strelišče, v treh mesecih pa so sezidali tudi 1 2 kapelic od župnijske cerkve sv. Petra do romarske cerkve Device Marije v Polju. V tem času so ljubljan­ ske uršulinke obdale obsežen samostanski vrt (danes Trg Republike) z visokim zidom, v Ljubljani pa so začeli zidati kolegij “Carolinum”. He came to Ljubljana in 1660, and married Marjeta Bresk and moved to the house of his parents-in-law in the same year. His career began to take off in 1662. In this year, he thus obtained the right to trade in Ljubljana, and the following year was granted citi­ zenship as a tradesman. In 1672 he was elected to the outer council, and in 1682 to the inner council. He was city judge from 1686 to 1689 and 1696/97 and 1700. He was ennobled in 1699. During his term as mayor, the city built a new firing range, and in three months also built 12 chapels from the parish church of sv. Peter to the pilgrim church of the Virgin Mary in Polje. At that time, the Ljubljana Ursuline order surrounded the extensive convent garden (today Trg Republike) with a high wall, and in Ljubljana they began to build the “Caro­ linum” collegium. PeCat mesta Ljubljana iz I. polovice 18. stoletja /Zgodovinski arhiv Ljubljana / Wax of city of Ljubljana fioin the 1st half ol the ISth century Historical Archives Ljubl|ana ■ Janez A nton Janežič župan: 1712-1716 trgovec mayor: 1712 1716 met chant |anez Anton |anežič je izhajal iz Karlovca na Hrva­ škem, leta 1699 se je poročil z ljubljansko meščanko Marijo |akobo de Giorgio. Ze prej pa je bil leta 1691 sprejet med meščane. V zunanji mestni svet je bil izvoljen leta 1695, v notranjega pa 1698. V začetku 18. stoletja je bil tudi višji mestni blagajnik in višji špitalski mojster. Leta 1717 mu je bilo podeljeno plemstvo, njegov plemiški priimek pa je bil Adler- sheim. V času njegovega županovanja od II. julija 1712 do 10. julija 1716 so maja 1713 začeli podirati vicedomske utrdbe in s tako pridobljenim gradbe­ nim materialom zidati uršulinski samostan in novo križevniško cerkev. Oktobra 1714 je v ljubljanskem predmestju izbruhnil močan požar, k i je upepelil 30 hiš, leta 1715 pa je izbruhnila kuga, za katero je po poročilih umrlo vsak dan 10 ljudi. |anez Anton |anezic came from Karlovac in Croatia, and in 1699 married the citizen, Marija |akoba de Giorgio. He had already been granted citizenship in 1691. He was elected to the outer city council in 1695, and to the inner in 1698. He was also senior city treasurer and senior almshouse master at the start of the 18th century. He was ennobled in 1717, with the aristocratic surname of Adlersheim. During his mayorship, from I I |uly 1712 to 10 |uly 1716, in May 1713 they began to demolish the vicedom fortifica­ tions and thus obtained building materials for the Ursuline convent and a new crusaders’ church. A great fire broke out in the Ljubljana suburbs in O c­ tober 1714, which incinerated 30 houses, and in 1715 plague broke out in which, according to reports, 10 people died each day. I /U U -I8 U U župan: 3 mayor: ■ 1716-1720, 1723-1726 trgovec 1716-1720, 1723-1726 merchant Voščeni pečat rodbine Herendler/Zgodovinski arhiv Ljubljana/ Wax coats-of-arm of family Herendler / Historical Archives Ljubl|ana / J akob H erendler |akob Herendler je bil po poklicu trgovec. Na debe­ lo je kupčeval z medom. Leta 1683 se je poročil z vdovo Marijo Stesl. V zunanji svet je prišel leta 1697, leta 1702 pa je bil izvoljen v notranji svet. Od leta 1709 do 1712 je bil mestni sodnik, nato višji špitalski mojster. V času njegovega prvega županovanja, k i je trajalo neprekinjeno od 10. julija 1716 do 8. julija 1720, so leta 1718 obnovili mestno hišo in ji dali v skladu z duhom tedanjega časa baročno obliko. Skušali so stabilizirati mestno gospodarstvo in izvesti nekatere ukrepe v mestni upravi, ki bi povečali učin­ kovitost. Njegov drugi mandat je trajal od 9. julija 1723 do 12. julija 1726. V tem obdobju je Ljubljana dobila sirotišnico v Sempetrskem predmestju, iste­ ga leta pa je bil postavljen tudi most čez Savo pri Črnučah. Leta 1726 je mesto kupilo za 34.000 goldinarjev vicedomsko imenje in Kozarje ter vice­ domsko deželsko sodišče. |akob Herendler was a merchant by profession, trad­ ing wholesale in honey. In 1683 he married the wi­ dow, Marija Stesl. He was on the outer council in 1697, and in 1702 was elected to the inner council. He was city judge from 1709 to 1712, then senior almshouse master. During his first term as mayor, which lasted uninterruptedly from 10 |uly 1716 to 8 |uly 1720, in 1718 the city hall was renovated and given a baroque appearace in keeping with the spirit of the times. An attempt was made to stabilise the city economy and to implement certain measures in the city administration to improve its efficiency. His second term lasted from 9 |uly 1723 to 12 |uly 1726. During this period, Ljubljana obtained an orphage in the Sempeter suburb, and in the same year, a bridge was also erected across the Sava at Crnuce. In 1726 the city bought for 34,000 goldinars the vicedom estates and Kozarje and the vicedom provincial court. jANEZ FlOR|AN G raffenhaiden /* 1673 *1757 / župan: 1720-1723, 1729-1732 trgovec in gostilničar mayor: 1720 1723, 1729 1732 met chant and innkeeper Med letoma 1717 in 1719 je bil mestni sodnik. V letih 1720 in 1723 je bil župan, veliko zaslug pa si je kot šempetrski cerkveni ključar pridobil tudi pri zidavi tamkajšnje cerkve v letih 1726 do 1731. V času nje­ govega prvega županovanja od 8. julija 1720 do 9. julija 1723 je Ljubljano obiskal cesar Karel VI. Med njegovim drugim županskim mandatom, med 8. julijem 1729 in II. julijem 1732, so leta 1731 zgradili novo cerkev sv. Petra v šempetrskem predmestju. He was city judge between 1717 and 1719, and mayor from 1720 to 1723, and he did great service as Šem­ peter church deacon in the building of the walls of the church there, from 1726 to 1731. During his first period as mayor, from 8 july 1720 to 9 |uly 1723, Em­ peror Charles V I visited Ljubljana. During his second term, between 8 |uly 1729 and I I |uly 1732, in 1731 a new church of sv. Peter was built in the Šempeter suburb. I/U U -IÖ U U Voščeni pečat rodbine Kristijan /Zgodovinski arhiv Ljubljana / Wax seal of the family Kristijan / Historical Archives L|ubljana / M atija Kristijan/C h ristia n / *1671 *1741 / župan: 1726-1729, 1732-1738 trgovec mayor: 1726-1729, 1732-1738 merchant Za meščana je bil sprejet marca 1697. Leta 1702 je vstopil v zunanji svet, leta 1709 v notranjega. Po končanem županovanju je bil več mandatov mestni sodnik, kar je bila novost, ker so bili njegovi županski predhodniki po sicer nepisanem pravilu najprej mes­ tni sodniki in šele nato župani. Poročen je bil s hčerjo župana Herendlerja Marijo Ano. Bil je zelo podjeten in je tako sebi kot mestni občini pridobil več posesti, posojal je tudi denar. Njegov prvi mandat je trajal od 12. julija 1726 do 8. julija 1729, drugi pa od II. julija 1732 do II. julija 1738. Pokopan je bil pri ljubljanskih avguštincih. V času njegovega prvega mandata je konec avgusta 1728 v Ljubljano prišel cesar Karel VI. Ob prvem obisku Ljubljane so se mu poklonili deželni stanovi, ko pa se je septembra vračal iz Pri­ morja, pa mu je društvo “Prijateljev glasbe” (Aca- demia Philharmonicorum) med slovesno večerjo izvajala različno glasbo. Pred odhodom iz Ljubljane je cesar 20. septembra 1728 potrdil privilegij glede mostnine čez reko Ljubljanico. V počastitev dogodka je Francesco Robba po naročilu ljubljanskega mag­ istrata izdelal slavolok. V času njegovega drugega županovanja, pa so na njegov predlog sklenili razširiti He was granted citizenship in March 1697. He en­ tered the outer council in 1702, and the inner in 1709. After completing his service as mayor, he served several terms as city judge, which was a no­ velty since his predecessors by unwritten rule were first city judge and only then mayor. He was ma­ rried to the daughter of Herendler, Marija Ana. He was very shrewd in business and thus obtained a number of estates, both for himself and the urban municipality, and he also lent money. His first term of office lasted from 1 2 |uly 1726 to 8 |uly 1729, and his second from I I |uly 1732 to I I july 1738. He was buried among the Ljubljana Augustinians. During his first term, at the end of August 1728, Emperor Charles V I came to Ljubljana. During the first visit to Ljubljana, the States made obeisance to him, but when he returned from Primorje, Academia Philhar­ monicorum played various music during the formal dinner. Before leaving Ljubljana, on 20 September 1728, the emperor confirmed privileges in relation to a bridge toll across the river Ljubljanica. In honour of the event, Francesco Robba was commissioned by the Ljubljana Magistrat to produce a triumphal t. i. gledališče na rotovžu. Dela so opravljali razni domači in tuji tesarji, kamniti portal pa je izdelal kipar Ludvik Bombassi. Leta 1737 je mesto od ljubljanske komende nemškega viteškega reda kupilo tudi precej hiš z vrtovi in njivami na današnji Rimski cesti in nekaj kmetij v Gradišču. Leta 1737 je bil položen temeljni kamen nove cerkve v Trnovem, k i jo je na stroške mesta izdelal stavbenik Candido Zulliani. Letna županska plača je znašala v času, ko je bil Kri­ stian župan, 126 goldinarjev in 30 krajcarjev. arch. During his second term of office, on his pro­ posal, it was decided to extend the ‘theatre’ in the city hall. Various domestic and foreign carpenters carried out the work, and the stone portal was made by the sculptor, Ludvik Bombassi. In 1737, the city also bought a considerable number of houses and gardens with fields in Rimska street and some farmsteads in Gradišče, from the Ljubljana prebend of the Teutonic Knights. In 1737, too, the foundation stone of the new church in Trnova was laid, which was made by the builder, Candido Zulliani, at the city’s expense. At the time when Kristian was mayor, the annual mayorial salary was 126 goldinars and 30 kreuzer. I /U U -I8 U U Rodbinski grb družine Raab / Valvasor/ Family coats-of-arm o f family Raab / Valvasor/ A nton Raab / * ni podatka / *1740 / župan: 1738-1740 trgovec mayor: 1738-1740 merchant Za meščana je bil sprejet leta 1701. V notranji svet je bil izvoljen leta 1710. Mestu je med drugim dobavljal platno. Med letoma 1722 in 1725 je bil višji špitalski mojster, od 1730 do 1733 mestni sodnik, župan pa od 14. julija 1738 do smrti 13. marca 1740. V času nje­ govega županovanja se je porodila ideja za izdelavo vodnjaka treh kranjskih rek, k i ga je nato izdelal kipar Francesco Robba. He was granted citizenship in 1701. In 1710 he was elected to the inner council. Among other things, he supplied the city with linen. He was senior alms­ house master between 1722 and 1725, city judge from 1730 to 1733, and mayor from 14 |uly 1738 to his death on 1 3 March 1740. During his term of mayor, the idea was born of making a Fountain of the Three Carniolan Rivers, which was then produced by the sculptor Francesco Robba. zupan: 1740-1749 mestni registrator mayor: 1740 1749 city registrar VoSčeni pečat rodbine Kappus /Zgodovinski arhiv Ljubljana/ Wax seal of the family Kappus /Histoncal Aichives L|ubl|ana / Jurij A mbrož Kappus | uri j Ambrož Kappus je bil najstarejši sin ljubljanske­ ga meščana |aneza | uri ja Kappusa. V mestnih sejnih zapisnikih je prvič omenjen leta 1699. Poročil se je leta 1700 z Marijo Ignacijo Schwizen. Kappus je bil od leta 1723 davčni prejemnik, leta 1729 ponovno izvoljen v notranji svet, od leta 1733 do 1736 je bil mestni sodnik, nato višji davčni prejemnik. Po Raab- ovi smrti je bil med marcem in julijem 1740 podžu­ pan, nato pa od 15. julija 1740 do 18. julija 1749 žu­ pan. V času njegovega županovanja si je leta 1741 od mesta Ljubljane cesarica Marija Terezija izposodila 20.000 goldinarjev, marca 1744 pa so v mestnem svetu sprejeli sklep, da mora vsak na novo sprejeti meščan plačati 3 goldinarje za puško in “patronja- čo”, prejeto iz mestne orožarne. Prav tako mora vsak, zmožen za gašenje dobiti eno vedro. Leta 1747 je dobila Ljubljana prvo zastavljalnico. |urij Ambroz Kappus was the oldest son of the Lju­ bljana citizen, |anez jurij Kappus. He is first men­ tioned in city session minutes in 1699. He married Marija Ignacija Schwizen in 1700. Kappus was a tax receiver from 1723, in 1729 he was again elected to the inner council, from 1733 to 1736 he was city judge, then senior tax receiver. He was deputy mayor after Raab’s death between March and |uly 1740, and then mayor from 1 5 |uly 1740 to 1 8 |uly 1749. During his mayorship, in 1741, Empress Maria The­ resa borrowed 20,000 goldinars, and in Marchl744, a decision was made in the city council that every newly adopted citizen must pay 3 goldinars for a gun and “ammunition”, received from the city armoury. Similarly, every able-bodied man must obtain a bucket for firefighting. Ljubljana obtained its first pawnshop in 1747. I * 1 I /U U -I8 U U Pečat mesta Ljubljana iz I. polovice 18. stoletja /Zgodovinski arhiv Ljubljana / Wax o f city of Ljubljana from the 1st half o f the 18th century /Historical Archives L|ub!|ana / M atevž Franc Peer /*1702 *1762/ župan: 1749-1762 trgovec 1749-1762 merchant Matevž Franc Peer je izhajal iz Braslovč na Štajer­ skem. Ljubljansko meščanstvo je dobil leta 1728. V zunanji svet je prišel Leta 1732, 1739 pa v notranji svet, vendar se je temu mestu za tri leta začasno odrekel, tako da je dejansko prišel v notranji svet šele leta 1742. Zupanoval je kar trinajst let od 18. julija 1749 do 13. aprila 1762. Po njegovi smrti je bilo mesto Ljubljana štiri leta brez pravega župana, saj je njegove posle od 13. aprila 1762 do 18. julija 1766 kot vršilec dolžnosti oz. namestnik župana opravljal Francesco Serafin Gamba. Po poklicu je bil kavarnar in slaščičar. Do­ ma je bil iz Benetk. Meščanstvo je pridobil leta 1719. V začetku je bil kavarnar, čeprav je večkrat zalagal magistrat tudi z zelo kakovostnimi in dragimi vini. V zunanji svet je prišel leta 1730, leta 1734 je postal nižji mestni blagajnik, kar je ostal šest let. V času Peerovega vodenja mesta so v Ljubljani jahal­ nico kranjskih deželnih stanov preuredili v deželno gledališče. Leta 1750 je mesto zgradilo veliko stražarnico pri Križevniških vratih. Leta 1752 je bil dokončan Robbov vodnjak. Matevž Franc Peer came from Braslovče in Styria. He was granted Ljubljana citizenship in 1728. He was elected to the outer council in 1732, and the inner in 1739, although he temporarily declined this position for three years and so actually only came to the inner council in 1742. He was mayor for thirteen years, from 1 8 |uly 1749 to 1 3 April 1762. After his death, the city of Ljubljana was without a real mayor for four years, with its business being conducted from 1 3 April 1762 to 1 8 |uly 1766 by Francesco Serafin Gamba, as acting or deputy mayor. By profession, he ran a coffee house and cake shop. He came from Ve­ nice, obtaining citizenship in 1719. Initially he ran a coffee house, although he several times supplied the Magistrat with very high quality and expensive wine. He was elected to the outer council in 1730, and in 1734 becaome junior city treasurer, as which he re­ mained for six years. During Peer’s leadership of the city, the riding school of the Carniolan States was transformed into a provin cial theatre. In 1750, the city built a large guardhouse at the Crusader Gate. Robbo’s fountain was com pleted in 1752. Pečat mesta Ljubljana iz I. polovice 18. stoletja /Zgodovinski arhiv Ljubljana/ Wax of city o f L|ubl|ana from the 1st half of the 18th century /Historical Archives L|ubl|ana [ a n e z M ih a el Ku k / * 1709 11768 / župan: 1766-1768 gostilničar in trgovec mayor: 1766 1768 inkeeper and merchant |anez Mihael Kuk se ¡e rodil v okolici Trbiža. Za me­ ščana ¡e bil sprejet leta 1740 kot vinotok, bil pa je tudi izučen trgovec. V zunanji svet je bil sprejet leta 1753, nato v začetku šestdesetih let za nižjega in nato višjega mestnega blagajnika. Bil je tudi ključar cerkve sv. |aneza v Trnovem. Za župana je bil izvoljen 18. julija 1766 in je na tem mestu umrl za pljučnico 18. marca 1768. V čas njegovega županovanja sodijo ukrepi za “ozdravitev” mestnih financ. V Ljubljani so bile zelo težke socialne razmere, saj je na veliki petek leta 1767 kar tri do štiri tisoč beračev oblegalo vrata ljubljanskih cerkva. Istega leta je v Ljubljani izbruhnil velik požar, ki je upepelil mnogo hiš. |anez Mihael Kuk was born in the vicinity of Tarvisio (Trbiz). He was granted citzenship in 1740 as a wine merchant, but he was also a trained merchant. He became a member of the outer council in 1753, and then at the start of the sixties junior and then senior city treasurer. He was also deacon of the church of sv. |anez in Trnovo. He was elected mayor on 1 8 |uly 1766 and died of pneumonia in this post on 1 8 March 1768. Measures for “making the city finances healthier’ ’ were taken during his mayorship. There were very difficult social conditions in Ljubljana, since on Good Friday 1767 three to four thousand beggars surrounded the doors of Ljubljana churches. A major fire broke out in Ljubljana in the same year, which destroyed many houses. Pečat mesta Ljubljana iz sredine 18. stoletja /Zgodovinski arhiv Ljubljana/ Wax of city o f Ljubljana from the middle o f the 18th century/Historical Archives Ljubljana/ M atija Ba r th a lo tti /*1 7 1 6 11801/ župan: 1768-1771 Matija Barthalotti je izhajal iz Wolfsbacha na Koroš- trgovec kem. Ljubljansko meščanstvo je pridobil leta 1752. Za župana je bil izvoljen v letih 1768 do 1771, kasneje pa je bil na to mesto izvoljen še leta 1774, vendar je to mesto odklonil, češ da je preveč zaposlen s pletil- nico nogavic v Višnji Gori. Poleg tega je bil solastnik rudnika in pLavža na |esenicah. V času njegovega županovanja, med 13. julijem 1768 in koncem avgusta 1771, so leta 1768 v Ljubljani ustanovili Poljedelsko akademijo, v kateri je “ stolico za risanje, geometrijo, mehaniko in hidravliko” zasedel znani jezuit in izu­ mitelj Gabriel Gruber. Leta 1770 je bilo v Ljubljani prvo številčenje (numeracija) hiš, določili pa so tudi sporne dežeLnosodne meje med ljubljanskim mes­ tom in gospostvom Logatec na Barju. Matija Barthalotti came from Wolfsbach in Carinthia. He was granted Ljubljana citizenship in 1752. He was mayor from 1768 to 1771, and was elected again in 1774, but declined the position on the grounds that he was too busy with his sock making factory in Visnja Gora. He was additionally co-owner of a mine and a blast furnace in |esenice. During his mayorship, between 1 3 july 1768 and the end of August 1771, an Agricultural Academy was founded in Ljubljana in 1768, in which the “ chairs for drawing, geometry, mechanics and hydraulics” were occupied by the well-known |esuitand inventor, Gabriel Gruber. In 1770, the first numbering of houses was made in Ljubljana, and disputed provincial court boundaries between Ljubljana city and the Logatec estates on the Barje were also defined. župi may 100 c $ = £ r Pečat mesta Ljubljana iz sredine 18. stoletja /Zgodovinski arhiv Ljubljana/ Wax o f city o f Ljubljana from the middle of the 18th century/Historical Archives Ljubljana/ Ja n e z |u r ij P ilg ra m / * ni podatka / župan: 1771-1774 trgovec Njegov rod izhaja z gornje Koroške. V Ljubljano je prišel okoli leta 1750 in se poročil s trgovčevo vdovo Marijo Marjeto Milharčič. Bil je eden izmed najodličnejših ljubljanskih trgovcev. Leta 1759 je postal predsednik meničnega mestnega sodišča I. stopnje. Trgoval je z železnino in oljem. V mestni svet je prišel leta 1763. Po odstopu župana Bartha- lottija je bil župan od avgusta 1771 do 25. julija 1774, ko ga je na tem mestu zamenjal Wagner. V času njegovega županovanja so leta 1773 v Ljubljani začeli kopati Gruberjev prekop zaradi regulacije reke Ljubljanice. Ze leto dni prej pa so po Gruberjevem načrtu izdelali Karlovški most. Leta 1773 je vladarica Marija Terezija izdala gasilski red za Kranjsko “ s posebnim ozirom na Ljubljano” . His family came from Upper Carinthia. He arrived in Ljubljana around 1750 and married a merchant’s widow, Marija Marjeta Milharčič. He was one of Ljubljana’s best merchants. In 1759 he became pres­ ident of the city court of first instance for company law. He traded in iron and oil. He was a member o f the city council in 1763. After the resignation of mayor Barthalotti, he was mayor from August 17 7 1 to 25 July 1774, when Wagner replaced him in this position. During his mayorship, in 1773, a start was made on digging Gruber Channel in Ljubljana, in order to regulate the river Ljubljanica. They had already made Karlovški most to Gruber’s plans a year earlier. In 1773, Empress Maria Theresa had issued a firefighting order for Carniola “ with special regard to Ljubljana” . 1 0 1 obdobfe/ 1 /U U -lö U U Pečat mesta Ljubljane iz 1778 /Zgodovinski arhiv Ljubljana/ Wax o f city o f Ljubljana from 1778 / Historical Archives Ljubljana / A n to n Franc KsaverW a g n e r a . V : župan: 1774-1782 Lekarnar mayor: 1774-1782 apothecary Anton Franc Ksaver Wagner je prišeL v LjubLjano iz Dunajskega Novega mesta leta 1754, ko je pridobil lekarnarsko pravico, istega leta pa tudi meščansko. Cez dve leti se je poročil z vdovo mestnega sod­ nika |ožefa Robide. Ta mu je v zakon prinesla tudi hišo na Mestnem trgu. V zunanji svet je bil izvoljen leta 1763. Od sredine leta 1768 do julija 1771 je bil mestni sodnik. V času njegovega županovanja od 25. julija 1774 do 23. maja 1782 so v Ljubljani odprli štirirazredno normalko (ki so jo morali obiskovati vsi dečki med 6. in 13. letom starosti), začeli so izdajati časopis Laibacher Zeitung in odprli novo mestno pokopališče pri sv. Krištofu. Končali so tudi gradnjo Gruberjevega prekopa. V zadnjem letu njegovega županovanja se je na poti na Dunaj v Ljubljani nekaj dni mudil papež Pij VI. Anton Franc Ksaver Wagner came to Ljubljana from Vienna’s New Town in 1754, when he was granted apothecary’s rights, and citizenship the same year. Two years later he married the widow of city judge |ozef Robido. Under law, that also brought him a house in Mestni trg. He was elected to the outer council in 1763. He was city judge from the middle of 1768 to |uly 1771. During his mayorship, from 25 |uly 1774 to 23 May 1782, a four year second­ ary school was opened in Ljubljana (which all boys between 6 and 1 3 years of age had to attend), they began to publish the newspaper Laibacher Zeitung and a new cemetary at sv. Kristof was opened. They also completed the building of Gruber Channel. In the last year of his mayorship, Pope Pius V I spent a few days in Ljubljana on his way to Vienna. Pečat mesta Ljubtjane iz 1778 /Zgodovinski arhiv Ljubljana/ Wax o f city o f Ljubljana from 1778 Historical Archives Ljubljana župan: 1782-1 /85 tiskar mayoi : 1782 1785 D i inter } anez Friderik Egger /*1745 *1799 / & 7 K T |anez Friderik Egger se je rodil v |eni na Saškem. V Ljubljani se je leta 1765 poročil z Marijo Terezijo de Carzoni, vdovo ljubljanskega tiskarja |aneza |urija Heptnerja, katerega tiskarna je bila takrat edina v Ljubljani. Istega leta je bil sprejet med ljubljan­ ske meščane. Nadaljeval je tiskarsko dejavnost. V zunanji svet je bil izvoljen julija 1777, nato tudi v notranji svet, 25. julija 1782 pa za župana. Na tem mestu je ostal do 24. septembra 1785. V času nje­ govega županovanja so začeli rušiti ljubljansko mest­ no obzidje. Nadaljeval je tudi z razdelitvijo mestnih gmajn (Ilovice) zasebnikom. V njegovem času so bile z odlokom cesarja |ožefa II. v Ljubljani ustanov­ ljene tri nove župnije: šentjakobska, frančiškanska in trnovska, ukinjeni so bili številni samostani, njihove zgradbe pa uporabljene za različne namene. Z Eggerjem se končuje okoli 280 let trajajoče ob­ dobje, ko sta bila na čelu mestne uprave mestni sodnik in župan, saj so reforme |ožefa II. posegle tudi na področje mestne samouprave, jo močno omejile in župana postavile v vlogo izvrševalca uka­ zov nadrejenih centralnih organov. |anez Friderik Egger was bom in |ena in Saxony. In 1765, he married Marija Terezija de Carzoni, widow of the Ljubljana printer, |anez |urij Heptner, whose printing house was then the only one in Ljubljana. He continued printing activities. He was elected to the outer council in |uly 1777, and then also to the inner council, and on 25 July 1782 as mayor. He held this position until 24 September 1785. The demolition of the Ljubljana city walls began during his mayorship. He also continued the division of the city commons (llovice) to private individuals. Three new parishes were founded in Ljubljana during his time, by decree of Emperor |oseph II: Sentjakob, FranCiskan and Trnovo, and numerous monasteries were abolished and their buildings used for various purposes. The period of around 280 years when a city judge and mayor were at the head of the city administration also ended with Egger, since the re­ forms of |oseph I I also encroached on the sphere of city administration, greatly restricted it and placed the mayor in the role of executor of orders of the superior central bodies. I /U U -I 8 U U Dr. |. Potočnik / Narodna galerija/ /N ational G allery/ D r. Jožef Po to č n ik /*1753 *1808 / župan: 1785-178/ pravnik mayor: 1785-1787 |avna politična pot dr. |ožefa Potočnika, ki se je rodil v Kropi na Gorenjskem, se je v Ljubljani zače­ la leta 1781, ko ga je magistrat z večino glasov izvolil za sindika in mu poveril vodstvo mestne pisarne. Aprila 1782 je pridobil ljubljansko meščanstvo. V ljubljansko občino je bil sprejet 25. julija 1782 in isti dan tudi v notranji svet. Takrat je bil star komaj 29 let. Ljubljanski župan je postal 24. septembra 1785, star 3 1 let, in ostal na tem mestu do 24. junija 1787. Bil je prvi župan, izvoljen oz. postavljen za župana na nov način, to je po predhodnem soglasju državnih oblasti o njegovi strokovni primernosti za funkcijo. Z njim se konča doba, ko so bili ljubljanski župani predvsem trgovci ali obrtniki, in začne ob­ dobje županov izobražencev, zlasti pravnikov. Na županskem mestu je pokazal izvrstne organizacij­ ske sposobnosti. Z izredno omejenimi finančnimi sredstvi si je prizadeval predvsem sanirati ljubljansko mestno gospodarstvo, ki je bilo na robu propada. V času njegovega županovanja so začeli rušiti ljubljan­ sko mestno obzidje in med drugim podrli tudi stara Špitalska vrata; s temi posegi se je Ljubljana začela vse bolj širiti navzven, zlasti proti severu in vzhodu. The public political path of Dr. |ožef Potočnik, who was born in Kropa in Gorenjsko, began in Ljubljana in 1781, when the Magistrat voted by a majority to ‘ syn- dicus” and entrusted him with the leadership of the city office. He obtained Ljubljana citizenship in April 1782. He was accepted onto the Ljubljana municipal council on 25 |uly 1782 and onto the inner council on the same day. He was then only 29 years old. He became Ljubljana mayor on 24 September 1785, barely 3 1 years old and retained this position until 24 |une 1787. He was the first mayor elected, or appointed mayor in the new way, i.e., after the prior approval of the state authorities of his professional suitability for the function. With him ended the pe­ riod when Ljubljana mayors were primarily merchants or artisans and a period began when mayors were educated men, lawyers in particular. He showed exceptional organisational ability in the post of mayor. With extremely limited funds he attempted above all to revitalise the L|ubl|ana city economy, which was on the verge of collapse. During his mayorship, they continued to dernot ish the Ljubljana city walls and among othet things, Kasneje je z velikim uspehom kot vladni komisar opravljal odgovorne posle na Tirolskem, Goriškem in v Trstu. Umrl je v noči med 7. in 8. avgustom 1808. Časopisi, ki so objavili vest o njegovi smrti, ga opisujejo kot “izredno nadarjenega in delovnega uradnika ter globokega poznavalca ljudi, ki je združeval obsežno strokovno znanje z največjo poštenostjo.” Wurzbach pa ga v svojem biograf­ skem leksikonu imenuje kot “pravo diko avstrijskega uradništva in enega najboljših kranjskih sinov.” also demolished the old Spital Gate; with all these interventions, Ljubljana began increasingly to spread outwards, especially towards the north and east. Later, as a government commissioner, he carried out responsible business in Tyrolia, Gorizia and Trieste, with great success. He died during the night of 7 and 8 August 1808. Newspapers that published news of his death described him as an “exceptionally talented and hardworking official, with a profound understanding of people, which united extensive professional knowledge with the highest integrity”. Wurzbach in his biographical lexicon calls him a “real pride of Austrian officialdom and one of the best sons of Carniola.'' / * | \ | 1 1 1 7 1 | 's. ^ I /U U -I 8 U U Pečat mesta Ljubljane iz konca 18. stoletja /Zgodovinski arhiv Ljubljana / Wax o f city o f L|ubl|ana from the end o f the 18th century /Historical Archives L|ubl|ana/ Peter Fister /*1759 *1800 / župan: 1787-1794 pravnik Peter Fister se je rodil v Naklem pri Kranju. Leta 1773 je bil sošolec Valentina Vodnika pri ljubljanskih ezuitih. Kasneje je končal pravne študije. Najprej e služboval na magistratu v Celovcu, kasneje pa e prišel nazaj v Ljubljano. Tu je bil župan več kot sedem let oz. dva mandata. Za župana je bil izvoljen 27. avgusta 1787, cesar ga je potrdil 16. septem­ bra, funkcijo pa je nastopil 4. oktobra 1787. V času njegovega županovanja (ki je trajalo do 30. septem­ bra 1794) so leta 1789 zaradi neresnične obtožbe političnega nasprotnika tiskarja Merla proti njemu uvedli preiskavo, k i pa se je zanj zaključila ugodno, čeprav so potrdili, da se občasno rad predaja alko­ holu. Naslednja resna obtožba, ki je prispela na dvor v začetku leta 1794, pa se je končala z odločitvijo apelacijskega sodišča v Ljubljani, naj meščani v mes­ tnem odboru izvolijo novega župana; pri teh volitvah pa Fister ni smel sodelovati. Peter Fister was born in Naklo by Kranj. He was a fellow pupil of Valentin Vodnik under the Ljubljana |esuits in 1773. He later completed legal studies. He first served in the Magistrat in Klagenfurt, but later returned to Ljubljana. He was mayor here for more than seven years, or two terms of office. He was elected mayor on 27 August 1787, the emperor approved him on 16 September, and he took over the function on 4 October 1787. During his mayor ship (which lasted until 30 September I 794) in 1789 an investigation was conducted because of false accusations by his political opponent, the printer, Merl, which ended favourably for him, although they confirmed that he occasionally liked to surrender to alcohol. A serious accusation came to the court at the beginning of 1794, which ended with a decision by the appeal court in Ljubljana that citizens on the city council should elect a new mayor; and Fister was not allowed to take part in these elections. Pečat mesta Ljubljane iz konca 18. stoletja /Zgodovinski arhiv Ljubljana / Wax of city o f Ljubljana fiom the end of the 18th century / Historical Archives Ljubljana D r « A nton Po d o bn ik /*1755 11809 pribl. / / župan: 1794-1798 pravnik mayor: 1 794 I 798 lawyer Anton Podobnik se je rodil v Idriji. Gimnazijo je obis­ koval pri jezuitih v Ljubljani, pravo pa je študiral na Dunaju, kjer je leta 1785 postal doktor prava. Okoli leta 1790 je postal ljubljanski mestni svetnik. Leta 1795 je postal tudi svetnik merkantilnega sodišča, že leto poprej pa ljubljanski župan. Izvoljen je bil 13. avgusta 1794, cesar ga je potrdil 12. septembra istega leta, zaprisegel pa je 15. oktobra 1794. Med prvo (začasno) francosko zasedbo Ljubljane 1797 so ga Francozi pustili na županskem mestu in ga celo imenovali za člana provizoričnega “centralnega gu­ bernija za Kranjsko”. Po njihovem odhodu je kmalu (junija 1798) odstopil z mesta župana in za njim je izginila vsaka sled. V času njegovega županovanja so zagledale luč sveta Vodnikove “Lublanske novice”, k i so izhajale štiri leta, sprva dvakrat, nato pa enkrat na teden. Anton Podobnik was born in Idrija. He attended the |esuit gymnasium in Ljubljana, and studied law in Vi­ enna, where he earned his Doctorate of Law in 1785. He became a city councillor in 1790, in 1795 also an advisor to the mercantile court and, a year later, Ljubljana mayor. He was elected on 1 3 August 1794, the emperor confirmed him on 1 2 September of the same year, and he was sworn in on 1 5 October 1794. During the first (temporary) French occupation of Ljubljana in 1797, the French left him in the post of mayor and even appointed him a member of the provisional “central governing council for Carniola”. After their departure, he soon (|une 1798) resigned from the post of mayor and all trace of him is lost. During his mayorship, Vodnik’s “Lublanske novice" saw the light of day, which was published for four years, at first twice weekly and then once a week. i 1 7 0 0 - 1 8 0 0 i s u u - i y u u Pečat mesta Ljubljane iz konca 18. stoletja /Zgodovinski arhiv Ljubljana / Wax o f city o f Ljubljana from the end of the 18th century / Historical Archives Ljubljana / Jožef Kokalj /*1760 *1834 / župan: 1798-1812 pravnik mavor: 1798-1812 Law |ožef Kokalj se je rodil v Ljubnem na Gorenjskem. Njegovi predniki so se kot barvarji preselili iz Idrije v Kropo. Na Dunaju je študiral pravo in kasneje postal sodnik v Radovljici. Leta 1785 je postal tajnik na ljubljanskem magistratu. Ljubljansko meščanstvo je dobil leta 1787. Leta 1797, med prvo francosko okupacijo našega ozemlja, je bil skupaj s tedanjim županom Podobnikom imenovan za člana provizo­ rične vlade za Kranjsko. Njegova županska doba, k i se je začela junija 1798, bi se morala izteči leta 1802, vendar je aprila tega leta funkcija župana postala dosmrtna in tako je Kokalj ostal župan še deset let (do januarja 1812). Kokalj je bil tudi zadnji župan, k i je poleg politične in gospodarske imel tudi sodno oblast. Kasneje je bil od junija do decembra 1814 provizorični ljubljanski župan. V času njegovega žu­ panovanja je Ljubljano obiskal slavni angleški admiral Nelson z “lady” Hamilton. Ljubljansko filharmonič­ no društvo je v njegovo čast priredilo glasbeno aka­ demijo z bojno simfonijo in arijo “Lavirtu Britanna”. |ozef Kokalj was born in Ljubno in Gorenjsko. His predecessors had moved as painters from Idrija to Kropa. He studied law in Vienna and later became a judge in Radovljica. In 1785 he became secretary to the Ljubljana Magistrat. He was granted Ljubljana citizenship in 1787. In 1797, during the first French occupation of Slovene territory, together with the then mayor, Podobnik, he was appointed a member of the provisional government for Carniola. His pe­ riod as mayor, which began in |une 1798, should have ended in 1802, but in April of that year, the function of mayor became a position for life and Kokalj thus remained mayor for another ten years (until |anuary 1812). Kokalj was also the last mayor who united not only political and economic but also judicial author ity. Later, from |une to December 1814, he was the provisional Ljubljana mayor. During his mayorship, the famous British Admiral Nelson visited Ljubljana with Lady Hamilton. The Ljubljana philharmonic so­ ciety organised a musical performance in his honour with a war symphony and an aria “Lavirtu Britanna”. župan: mayor: Rodbinski grb družine C odelli pl. Flachenfeld /Zgodovinski arhiv Ljubljana/ Coats o f arm o f family Codelli pi. Flachenfeld Historical Archives Ljubljana A nton C odelli pl. Flachenfeld 1812— 1813 pravnik 1812 1813 lawyer /*1753 *1832 / " 7 Mladost je preživel na očetovem gradu Thurnu. Obiskoval je latinske in pravne študije. Nekaj časa je služboval v Gorici, kjer je leta 1808 omenjen kot uradnik. Čeprav je postal ljubljanski župan oz. mer (Francozi so župana imenovali mer) ravno v času francoske zasedbe oz. Ilirskih provinc (županoval je od 4. maja 1812 do 16. oktobra 1813), pa to ni motilo avstrijskih oblasti in ga je po francoskem zlomu novi avstrijski guverner 16. oktobra 1813 imenoval za intendanta Kranjske. Med letoma 1815 in 1819 je bil ravnatelj Kmetijske družbe. Položaj okrožnega gla­ varja v Postojni z naslovom gubernijalnega svetnika je ohranil do januarja 1831. Umrl je leto kasneje v Kamniku. He spent his youth at his father's castle of Thurn. He attended Latin and legal studies. He served for some time in Gorizia, where in 1808 he is mentioned as an official. Although he became Ljubljana mayor or ‘mair’, as the French called the mayor, precisely dur­ ing the French occupation or Illyrian Provinces (he was mayor from 4 May 1812 to 16 October 1813), this did not upset the Austrian authorities and after the French collapse, the new Austrian governor appoint­ ed him superintendent for Carniola on 16 October 1813. Between 1815 and 1819, he was director of Kmetijska druzba (Farmer Society). He retained the position of district chief officer in Postojna with the title of governor’s counsellor until |anuary 1831. He later died in Kamnik. U U 6 I-U U 8 I i s u u - i y u u Pečat mesta Ljubljane iz konca 18. stoletja / Zgodovinski arhiv Ljubljana / Wax of city o f Ljubljana from the end o f the 18th century / Historical Archives Ljubljana / D r. J a n e z/Jo h a n n Ro z m a n /* 1 7 7 4 +1837 / župan: 1 813— 1814, 1814—1819 pravnik mayor: 1 8 1 3— 1814, 1814—1819 Lawyer V - j L o u ) - O |anez Rozman se je rodil v Ljubljani kot sin dacarja. Po končani gimnaziji je študiral pravo na Dunaju, kjer je leta 1801 doktoriral. V Ljubljani je bil dalj časa neplačan pomožni uradnik pri deželni vladi in pri c.-kr. fiskalnem uradu. Od leta 1806 do 1812 je bil odvetnik na Mestnem trgu. Od 4. maja 1812 do 23. oktobra 1813 je bil tretji pristav ljubljanske merije. Leta 1813 je bil postavljen za nadomestnega sod­ nika pri sodišču prve instance v Ljubljani. Dne 23. oktobra 1813 je bil imenovan za provizoričnega mera in je ostal na tem mestu do 31. julija 1814, ko so bile merije odpravljene. Nato je bil ponovno izvoljen za župana. V času njegovega županovanja so Ljubljano temeljito preuredili in polepšali. V letih 1816 do 1818 so napeljali kanalizacijo in tlakovali notranje mesto od Marijinega (danes Prešernovega) trga in Špitalske ulice (danes Stritarjeve) čez Rotovški (danes Mestni) trg in Tranče do Križevniške ulice. V času njegovega županovanja je 34 ljubljanskih meščanov vložilo pisno prošnjo na dvornega komisarja grofa Sauraua, da bi jim dovolil obnoviti staro cehovsko organizacijo, ki so jo dokončno odpravili Francozi v času Ilirskih provinc. V dopisu so mnogim članom |anez Rozman was born in Ljubljana as the son of an exciseman. After finishing gymnasium, he studied law in Vienna, where he received his doctorate in 1801. He was an unpaid assistant official in the provin­ cial government for an extended period in Ljubljana and with the Carniolan imperial fiscal office. He was a lawyer in Mestni trg from 1806 to 1812. From 4 May 1812 to 23 October 1813, he was third clerk in the Ljubljana office of measurements. He was made a substitute judge in the court of first instance in Ljubljana in 1813. On 23 O ctober 1813, he was appointed provisional officer of measur ements and remained in this post until 3 1 |uly 1814, when the office of meaurements was abolished. He was then re-elected mayor. During his mayorship, Ljubljana was thoroughly rearranged and made more attracti ve. From 1816 to 1818, sewerage was laid and the inner city paved from Mari|in (today Prešernov) trg and Špitalska ulica (today Str itarjeva) across Rotovški (today Mestni) trg and Tranca to K r iževniska ulica. At the time of his mayorship, 34 Ljubljana citizens submitted a written request to the court commis sioner Count Saurau for the re establishment of ljubljanskega mestnega sveta očitali, da so v času francoske zasedbe simpatizirali s Francozi in jih celo obtožili prostozidarstva (framasonstva) ter vohun­ jenja proti Avstriji. Mestni svet je ostro zavrnil te obtožbe in podpisnikom prošnje med drugim očital, da so prošnjo posredovali neposredno guberniju brez predhodne vednosti mestnega sveta in župana, kar ni v skladu s pravnimi predpisi. Leta 1819 je bil Rozman kot ljubljanski župan izvoljen za zastopnika mest v novem deželnem zboru, vendar je moral mesto kmalu zapustiti, ker je bil imenovan za kranjskega mestnega in deželnega svetnika. Kot svetnik je služ­ boval v Ljubljani do leta 1826. Nazadnje je bil apel- acijski svetnik v Celovcu, kjer je tudi umrl. the old guild organisations, which had been finally abolished by the French at the time of the Illyrian Provinces. In the letter, they accused many members of the Ljubljana city council of sympathising with the French at the time of the French occupation, and even accused them of freemasonry and spying against Austria. The city council sharply rejected these accusations and accused the signatories of the letter among other things of sending the request straight to the governor without previously informing the city council and mayor, which was not in compli­ ance with lawful regulations. In 1819, as Ljubljana mayor, he was elected to represent the city on the new provincial council, but he soon had to leave this position because he was appointed Carniolan city and provincial councillor. He served in Ljubljana as councillor until 1826. Finally, he was appeals coun­ cillor in Klagenfurt, where he also died. obdobje; isuu-iyuu . N. Hradecky / Narodni muzej Slovenije/ ' National Museum of Slovenia / župan: 1820-1846 državni uradnik in politik mayor: 1820-1846 state official and politician J a n e z/Jo h a n n N epom iik H radecky /*1775 *1846 / |anez Nepomuk Hradecky se ¡e rodil leta 1775 v Lju­ bljani. Po filozofskih študijah v Gradcu je opravljal ra­ zlične državne službe, dokler ga cesar 17. maja 1820 ni imenoval za ljubljanskega župana. Z zaprisego 27. junija 1820 je nastopil službo, ki jo je opravljal do smrti julija 1846, ko so v njegovem nekrologu zapisali, „kar se je pod njegovim županovanjem za Ljubljano storilo, ni bilo videno stoletja prej“. Ob nastopu njegovega županovanja je imela Ljublja­ na približno 20.000 prebivalcev, leta 1821, ko je go­ stila kongres Svete alianse, pa je sprejela še 500 gostov. Spomin na kongres še danes ohranja ime Kongresni trg, na katerem so leta 1824 zasadili drev­ je in nastal je park in sprehajališče Zvezda. V času njegovega županovanja so zgradili cesto od Ljubljane do Iga (1826-1829) in lesen Frančiškanski most nadomestili s kamnitim (1842). Uspešni so bili njegovi sanitarni predpisi proti kugi (1831), sodeloval je pri ustanovitvi zastavljalnice (1835) in bil sousta­ novitelj Ljubljanske hranilnice po dunajskem vzorcu (1820). Prištevajo jo med prve hranilnice v takratni Avstriji. Zasluge ima tudi za ustanovitev deželnega muzeja. V čas njegovega županovanja sodi odprtje janez Nepomuk Hradecky was born in 1775 in Lju­ bljana. After studying philosophy in Graz, he per­ formed various state services, until the empeior appointed him mayor of Ljubljana on 17 May 1820. Having taken the oath of office on 27 |une 1820, he performed this function until his death in |L ily 1846, when it was written in his obituary “what was done for Ljubljana under his mayorship, had not been seen for centuries previously”. When he took over as mayor, Ljubljana had approxi­ mately 20,000 inhabitants, and in 1821, when it hosted the Congress of the Holy Alliance, it re­ ceived 500 guests. Memory of the Congress is still preserved today in the name of Kongresni trg, in which in 1824 trees were planted and Zvezda park and promenade was created. During his mayorship, a road was built from L|ublja na to Ig (1826-1829) and the wooden Franciskanski most was replaced with a stone one (1842). His sam tary regulations against plague (1831) were success ful, he collaborated in the founding of a pawnshop (1835) and was one of the founders of Ljubljanska hranilnica on the Viennese example (1820). It was ubožnice (1832). Na magistratu je uvedel novo ure­ ditev “zastavnih bukev” (zemljiške knjige), k i so jih od tedaj naprej vodili jasneje in pregledneje. Zelo dejaven je bil v strelskem društvu, z ustanovitvijo katerega leta 1844 je strelišče rešil propada. Prevzel je direkcijo leta 1835 ustanovljene trgovske šole v Ljubljani, kjer so se šolali tudi učenci iz drugih dežel monarhije ter sosednjih držav, in dejavno sodeloval pri Novicah, ki so pričele izhajati 1843. leta. V tem obdobju se je občutno razvijalo gospodarstvo. O d­ mevna je bila obrtna razstava leta 1844, ki so jo pri­ pravili v ljubljanski redutni dvorani. Po njegovi smrti je bil za prvega magistratnega svet­ nika imenovan |ohann Fischer, ki je I. avgusta 1846 zaprisegel in opravljal županske posle, dokler ni postal župan (26. maja 1847). one of the first savings banks in the then Austria. He also has credit for the founding of a provincial mu­ seum. A poorhouse was opened during his mayor­ ship (1832). He introduced a new arrangement in the Magistrat of “mortgage books” (land registers), which were kept more clearly and transparently from then on. He was very active in the shooting society, with the founding of which in 1844 he saved the firing range from collapse. He took over directorship of the trade school founded in Ljubljana in 1835, where students from other lands of the monarchy also studied, and actively cooperated in Novice, which began publication in 1843. The economy appreciably developed in this period. A craft exhibition in 1844, which was prepared in the Ljubljana dance hall, had a wide response. After his death, |ohann Fischer was appointed first councillor of the Magistrat, who was sworn in on I August 1846 and performed the business of the mayor until he became mayor (26 May 1847). UUO! UUÔI Pečat mesta Ljubljane, 1848 /Zgodovinski arhiv Ljubljana/ Seal o f the city o f Ljubljana, 1848/Historical Archives Ljubljana/ |a n e z / Jo h a n n Fisc h e r / 1805 tn i p o d a tk a / / župan: 1847-1848 pravnik avor: 1847— 1848 |anez Fischer se je rodil leta 1805 v Podkloštru na Koroškem in je študiral pravo na graški univerzi. Dne 24. aprila 1847 je bil imenovan za ljubljanskega žu­ pana; po zaprisegi pri okrožnem uradu 26. maja 1847 pa je nastopil svojo službo. Čas njegovega županovanja sodi v dobo revolucio­ narnih vrenj (marčna revolucija) in slabo leto po nastopu službe, 16, marca 1848, je tudi v Ljubljani prišlo do demonstracij. Zupan je tedaj pobegnil pred demonstranti. Mestni magistrat je 25. marca 1848 od okrožnega urada Ljubljana prejel obves­ tilo, da so županu Fischerju dovolili dopust in da je v odsotnosti župana za opravljanje magistratnih poslov zadolžen prvi magistratni svetnik |ohann Guttman. Opravljal jih je do 16. decembra 1848, ko je bil imenovan za okrajnega komisarja v Radovljici. Po njegovem odhodu je prevzel posle gubernijski tajnik Anton Salomon do izvolitve novega župana. Vlada je Fischerja 3. oktobra 1848 razrešila župan­ ske funkcije. Notranje ministrstvo mu je z odredbo z dne 14. septembra 1848 na njegovo prošnjo dodelilo opravljanje poslov ljubljanskega okrožne­ ga komisarja. |anez Fischer was born in 1805 in Podkloster in Carin- thia and studied law at Graz University. He was ap­ pointed Ljubljana mayor on 24 April 1847; he took office after having taken the oath on 26 May 1847 at the district office. His period o f mayorship was one o f revolutionary turmoil (the March Revolution) and a bad year to take on the post, on 16 March 1848, demonstrations occurred in Ljubljana, too. The mayor then fled from the demonstrators. On 25 March 1848 the city Mag- istrat received news from the Ljubljana district office that mayor Fischer had been allowed leave and that during the mayor’s absence, the first Magistrat councillor, |ohann Guttman, was responsible for car­ rying out Magistrat business. He performed it until 1 6 December 1848, when he was appointed district commissioner in Radovljica. After his departure, the governor’s secretary Anton Salomon took over the business until the election of a new mayor. The gov­ ernment dismissed Fischer from the post of mayor on 3 October 1848. The interior ministry, by decree of 14 September 1848, at his request appointed him to the position of Ljubljana district commissioner. 114 cr at ns Dm jg- ce t ar- t le Poleg revolucionarnih vrenj ¡e za leto 1849 pomem­ bna vzpostavitev železniške povezave med Celjem in Ljubljano, ki je veliki večini prebivalstva prinesla dohodek. Izjema so bili trnovski in krakovski čolnarji. Po odprtju železnice so namreč opustili ves ladijski promet po Savi od Zidanega Mostu do Zaloga in prevažanje od tu na Breg ob Ljubljanici. Tudi carinski urad se je preselil na kolodvor. Vse uslužbence ca­ rinskega urada je sprejela v službo železniška uprava in jih zaposlila pri carinski službi; ostale čolnarje so zaposlili kot delavce. Z odprtjem železnice se je začelo mesto širiti in oživljati na severnem delu. In addition to the revolutionary turmoil, 1849 is im­ portant for the establishment of a rail link between Celje and Ljubljana, which brought income to the large majority of the population, with the exception oftheTrnovo and Krakovo boatmen. Afterthe open­ ing of the railway, namely, all ship transport along the Sava from Zidani most to Zalog was abandoned, together with conveyance from here to Breg by the Ljubljanica. Even the customs office moved to the railway station. All staff of the customs office were taken into service in the railway administration and employed in the customs service; other boatmen were employed as labourers. With the opening of the railway, the city began to spread and come to life in the northern part. 1 1 5 -4—ÏT Pečat mesta Ljubljane, 1855 /Zgodovinski arhiv Ljubljana/ Seal of the city o f Ljubljana, 1855 / Historical Archives Ljubljana / župan: 1851-1857 odvetnik mayor: 1851-1857 lawyer D r. M atija/M athias Burger /*1795 *1857/ Matija Burger je bil izvoljen za župana na seji občin­ skega sveta 27. marca 1851. Po cesarjevi potrditvi II. aprila je 22. aprila 1851 zaprisegel. Visoki uradniki so se ob 10. uri zbrali v stolnici na slovesni maši. Po koncu maše se je celotni zbor podal v magistratno sejno dvorano (imenovano tudi posvetovalnica), kjer je župan zaprisegel. Prisego so zapisali v zapisnik. Prisegel je zvestobo njegovemu veličanstvu cesarju Francu |ožefu I. in dedičem njegovega rodu, da bo neomajno branil državno in deželno ustavo ter natančno in vestno izpolnjeval dolžnosti, ki mu jih je nalagal začasni občinski red z dne 9. junija 1850 in zakoni sploh. Bil je prvi ustavni župan deželnega glavnega mesta Ljubljane. Ob začetku njegovega županovanja so na občinskih sejah veliko razpravljali o sistemizaciji delovnih mest na magistratu in njihovi zasedbi. V čas njegovega županovanja sodi tudi razširitev trivialnih šol (trivialk) v mestu, in sicer pri župniji Marijinega oznanjenja in sv. |akobu, ter dovoljenje za ustanovitev realke v Ljubljani (odredba namestništva z dne 10. avgusta 1852). Županovanje mu je prekinila smrt 15. aprila 1857. Opravljanje županskih poslov je najprej prevzel Matija Burger was elected mayor at a session of the municipal council on 27 March 1851. After the Em­ peror’s confirmation on I I April 1851, he took the oath on 22 April. High officials gathered in the ca­ thedral at 10 o ’clock in the morning for a ceremonial mass. At the end of mass, the entire committee repaired to the session hall (also known as the coun­ cil chamber) where the mayor took the oath, which was entered in the minutes. He swore fidelity to His Highness Emperor Franz |oseph I and his heirs, that he would staunchly defend the state and provincial constitutions and precisely and conscientiously meet the duties imposed on him by the temporary Munici­ pal Order of 9 |une 1850 and the law in general. He was the first constitutional mayor of the provincial capital city of Ljubljana. At the beginning of his mayorship, there was a great deal of discussion at municipal sessions on the al location of working posts in the Magistral and who would occupy them. During his mayorship belongs also the extension of three-year schools in the city, to the parishes of Mary of the Annunciation and sv. |akob, and the founding of a secondary modern zvonolivar Anton Samassa do januarja 1858, za njim pa |ohann Guttman do 20. aprila 1861. V letu Burgerjeve smrti, 31. oktobra, so v Ljubljani prvič izvedli štetje prebivalstva (na podlagi avstrijske­ ga zakona o ljudskih štetjih z dne 23. marca 1857). Ljubljana je imela 20.780 prebivalcev. Od tedaj dalje so popisovali prebivalstvo na vsakih deset let. school in Ljubljana was approved (decree of the go­ vernorship of 10 August 1852). His term of office came to an end with his death on 1 5 April 1857. Per­ forming the mayoral business was first undertaken by the bellcaster, Anton Samassa, until |anuary 1858, and thereafter by |ohann Guttman until 20 April 1861. In the year of Burger’s death, on 3 1 October a popu­ lation census was first carried out in Ljubljana (on the basis of the Austrian law on population census of 23 March 1857). Ljubljana had 20,780 inhabitants. From then on, population censuses were taken every ten years. isuu-iyuu župan: 1861-1864 pravnik, upravni uradnik, politik in podjetnik mayor: 1861-1864 lawyer, administrative official, politician and businessman G J _ O o u o A I " f M. Ambrož /M estni muzej Ljubljana/ / G ty Museum o f L|ubljana / M ihael A mbrož /*1808 +1864 / Mihael Ambrož se je rodil leta 1808 v Ljubljani in je študiral pravo v Gradcu in na Dunaju. Za ljubljan­ skega župana je bil prvič izvoljen 13. novembra 1850. Ker je cesar odlašal z njegovo potrditvijo, se je z dopisom z dne 22. februarja 1851, naslovljenim na namestnika, grofa Chorinskega, funkciji župana v interesu mestne občine odpovedal. Ponovno je bil izvoljen za župana 20. aprila 1861, sledila je cesar­ jeva potrditev, županske posle pa je prevzel 28. maja 1861, ko je zaprisegel v mestni sejni dvorani. Označen je kot prvi slovenski župan v Ljubljani. Zavzemal se je za uvedbo slovenskega jezika tako v šole kot urade; tako so v mestnih uradih poleg nemškega uporabljali tudi slovenski jezik. V času njegovega županovanja je bilo razširjeno ljudsko šolstvo (deška šola pri sv. |akobu), predlagal pa je tudi ustanovitev višje realke k tedanji nižji. Mestno jedro je dobilo plinsko razsvetljavo (1861), komisijo za izvedbo kanalizacije, tlakovali pa so tudi ulice in trge. Namesto beračenja po hišah so uvedli pros­ tovoljne prispevke za ubožno blagajno. Pobirali so pasji davek in določili tarife za meso na podlagi cen v Zagrebu, Celovcu in Gradcu. Sklenili so poiskati Mihael Ambrož was born in 1808 in Ljubljana and studied law in Graz and Vienna. He was first elected Ljubljana mayor on 1 3 November 1850. Because the emperor delayed his confirmation, in a letter of 22 February 1851 adressed to his deputy, Count Chorin- sky, he declined the post of mayor in the interest of the city municipality. He was re-elected mayor on 20 April 1861, the emperor’s confirmation followed and he took over the business of mayor on 28 May 1861, when he was sworn in the city ceremonial hall. He is designated the first Slovene mayor of Ljubljana. He was committed to the introduction of the Slove­ ne language both in schools and in official business; Slovene was therefore used in addition to German in the city offices. During his time as mayor, public education was extended (secondary school at sv. |akob), and he also proposed the founding of a se­ nior secondary school, together with the existing junior secondary. The city core obtained gas lighting (1861), a committee for the introduction of sewer age, and streets and squares were paved. Instead of begging at houses, voluntary contributions for a pauper fund were introduced. A dog tax was intro primeren prostor za kopališče ob Ljubljanici. Bil je ustanovitelj ljubljanske čitalnice (1861) in njen prvi predsednik. |anez Bleiweis je njegovo županovanje primerjal z županovanjem |aneza Nepomuka Hra- deckega. Dne 25. aprila 1864 je njegovo županovanje prekinila smrt. Nekajmesečno opravljanje županskih poslov do zaprisege novega župana je prevzel podžupan dr. |anez Zhuber. duced and tariffs for meat on the basis of prices in Zagreb, Klagenfurt and Graz were determined. They decided to seek a suitable place for bathing beside the Ljubljanica. He was the founder of the Ljubljana reading room (1861) and its first president. |anez Bleiweis compared his period in office with that of |anez Nepomuk Hradecky. On 25 April 1864, death ended his mayorship. The deputy mayor, Dr. |anez Zhuber, performed the mayor’s business for a few months until the swearing in of a new mayor. Dr. E. H. Costa /Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica/ /National and University Library/ D r.Etbin H enrik C osta župan: 1864— 1868 odvetnik, pisatelj in politik mayor: 1864-1868 lawyer, writer and politician Dr. Etbin Henrik Costa se je rodil leta 1832 v Novem mestu. Doktoriral je iz filozofije in prava in bil izvol­ jen za župana mesta Ljubljane 8. junija 1864. Prva seja pod njegovim županovanjem je bila 27. julija 1864. Po poteku triletnega mandata je bil 12. junija 1867 zopet izvoljen za župana in je 3. julija zaprise­ gel. Vendar je njegovo županovanje v drugem man­ datu trajalo samo do 13. avgusta 1868, ko je vlada zaradi opozicije proti njemu razpustila mestni občin­ ski svet. V času njegovega županovanja je mesto kupilo grad Podturn in skozi Lattermanov drevored uredilo plin­ sko razsvetljavo. Na mesto je bila prenesena lokalna policija. Nadaljevali so z gradnjo cestnih kanalov in dokončali nov litoželezni most pri Tranči (danes Čevljarski). V mestni hiši so naredili nove stopnice. Na zdravstvenem področju je bila pomembna uved­ ba tako imenovanih sodčkov, ki so jih praznili organi­ zirano (predhodnica kanalizacije); s tem so prene­ hali onesnaževati Ljubljanico . V tem obdobju se je ukoreninila tudi “fijakarija”, k i so jo vpeljali v Lju­ bljani po zgledu Trsta. Fijakarji so leta 1865 dobili svoj red, s katerim so bile urejene njihove pravice in dolžnosti. Dr. Etbin Henrik Costa was born in 1832 in Novo mesto. He took his doctorate in philosophy and law and was elected mayor of Ljubljana on 8 |une 1864. The first session under his leadership was on 27 |uly 1864. After the expiry of his three year term of office, he was re-elected on 12 |une 1867 and sworn in on 3 |uly. However, his second term lasted only until 1 3 August 1868 when, because of oppo­ sition to him, the government dismissed the city municipal council. During his period as mayor, the city bought Podturn Castle and arranged gas lighting along Lattermanov drevored. A local police force was introduced to the city. They continued building street channels and completed the cast-iron bridge at Tranca (today Cevljarski). A new staircase was installed in the city hall. In the health field, the introduction of so-called “barrelage” was important, the emptying of which was organised (precursor of sewerage); they thus stopped polluting the Ljubljanica. During this period, “fijakerija”, or coach taxis, took root, which had been introduced in Ljubljana on the example of Trieste. Coachmen obtained in 1865 their own order by which their rights and duties were regulated. župan: 1869-187! odvetnik, politik in gospodarstvenik mayor: 1869 1871 awyei, politician and economist Pečat mesta Ljubljane, 1869 /Zgodovinski arhiv Ljubljana / Seal o f the city of Ljubljana, 1869 Historical Archives Ljubljana • D r. } o ž e f/ | osip Suppan /1828 11902 / Dr. |ožef Suppan se je rodil leta I828 v Innichenu in je leta I850 končal študij prava v Gradcu. Za ljubljan­ skega župana je bil izvoljen 5. aprila I869. Njegovo županovanje sodi v čas razpusta ljubljanskega občin­ skega sveta (septembra I868) in popolni abstinenci Slovencev pri novih volitvah marca I869. Na mestu župana je bil samo dve leti, toda tudi v tem kratkem času je pustil svoj pečat. Uredil je varnostno službo, preuredil uradovanje na mestnem magistratu in pospešil ustanovitev prostovoljnega gasilstva. Na njegovo pobudo so leta I87I pričeli zidati državno tobačno tovarno. Zelo dobro je izpeljal tudi finan­ ciranje ljubljanskega loterijskega posojila, ki je še v naslednjih letih mestu zagotovljalo kar dober dotok denarja. Na področju šolstva so sklenili postaviti stavbo lastne mestne ljudske šole. Dne 21. marca I87I je odstopil s funkcije župana. Občinski svet mu je na seji 4. junija I872 soglasno podelil častno meščanstvo. Dr. |ozef Suppan was born in I828 in Innichen and completed the study of law in Graz in I850. He was elected Ljubljana mayor on 5 April I869. His mayor­ ship belongs to the time of the dismissal of the Ljubljana municipal council (September I868) and the complete boycott by Slovenes in new elections in March I869. He only held the post of mayor for two years, but even in that short time he made his mark on the period. He organised a security service, reorganised official business in the city Magistrat and encour­ aged the founding of a voluntary fire brigade. On his initiative, in I87I the building of a state tobacco factory began. He also conducted the financing of the Ljubljana lottery loans very well, which in the following years provided the city with a solid flow of money. In the sphere of education, it was decided to set up a building for the city’s own public school. He resigned the post of mayor on 21 March I87I. The municipal council unanimously awarded him honorary citizenship at a session on 4 |une 1 872. I2I $—sr 1 8 0 0 - 1 9 0 0 I S U U -I ^ U U K. Dežman/Narodni muzej Slovenije/ /National Museum of Slovenia/ župan: 1871-1874 znanstvenik in politik mavor: 1871-1874 soer ist and L itician Karl D e ž m a n /D esc h m a n /*1821 +1889 / Karl Dežman se ¡e rodil leta 1821 v Idriji, na Dunaju je študiral medicino in nato pravo ter se potem zasebno ukvarjal z naravoslovnimi študijami. Za ljubljanskega župana je bil izvoljen 29. marca 1871. Temu je 15. aprila sledila cesarjeva potrditev, 25. aprila 1871 pa je pričel opravljati službo. Veljal je za nemškega žu­ pana, saj je županoval že v času svoje spreobrnitve in preusmeritve k Nemcem. V času njegovega županovanja so reorganizirali mes­ tno zdravstvo po zgledu drugih večjih mest; vzpo­ stavljen je bil mestni zdravstveni svet in sprejet zdravstveni statut. Na šolskem področju so razširili obrtno šolo, združeno z višjo realko in se pričeli po­ govarjati o vzpostavitvi šole na Barju. Sprejeta so bila pravila za mestne stražnike. S funkcije župana je odstopil 12. maja 1874. V svojem sklepnem govoru občinskemu odboru, ko se je zah­ valil za izkazano zaupanje in dobro delo odbornikov v njegovem mandatu, je spregovoril o spoznanju, ki ga je pridobil kot župan, da je na čelu mestne občine lahko samo človek, ki vso svojo dejavnost posveča samo mestni občini. Karl Dezman was born in 1821 in Idrija, he studied medicine in Vienna and then law and then studied natural history privately. He was elected mayor on 29 March 1871. The emperor’s confirmation followed on 1 5 April, and on 25 April 1871 he began lo perform the function. He was considered a German mayor, since the period of his mayorship coincides with the time of conversion and orientation to German. During his term of office, city healthcare was reor­ ganised on the model of other cities; a city health council was set up and a health statute adopted. In the sphere of education, craft schools were extend ed, associated with the senior secondary modern and discussions started on starting a school on the Barje. Rules were adopted for city guards. He resigned from the post of mayor on 12 May 1874. in his final speech to the municipal council, lie thanked them for the trust shown and the good work of the councillors during his term of office, spoke of the understanding he had gained as mayor that only a person who devoted all his activities only to the city municipality could be at the head of the city municipality. župan: 1874-1882 upravni uradnik mayor: 1874 1882 administrative official A n to n Laschan pl. M o o r l a n d / * 1811 * 1897 / Anton Laschan se je rodil leta 1 8 1 1 v Motniku. Za žu­ pana je bil izvoljen 12. maja 1874, 22. maja je sle­ dila potrditev, 2. junija 1874 je zaprisegel in s tem prevzel župansko službo do 25. aprila 1882, ko se je odpovedal funkcije, ker je v občinskem svetu zmagala slovenska večina. V času njegovega županovanja je bila zgrajena držav­ na deška šola na Grabnu, leta 1881 je bila odprta nova klavnica, ki je v tistih časih veljala za najmo­ dernejšo. Ogledat so si jo prišli celo iz Munchna, kjer so po štirih letih zgradili popolnoma enako, kot v Ljubljani. Pod njegovim vodstvom se je občinsko premoženje precej povečalo, pomembna podjetja so prišla pod mestno gospodarstvo, času primerno so reformirali razne veje administracije. Na področju šolstva so mu zaupali vodstvo mestnega šolskega sveta. Za svoje zasluge v komunalni upravi so mu na seji 25. aprila 1882 podelili častno meščanstvo deželnega glavnega mesta Ljubljane. Od leta 1884 je imel naslov von Moorland. Anton Laschan was born in 1 8 1 1 in Motnik. He was elected mayor on 1 2 May 1874, confirmation follo­ wed on 22 May and he was sworn in and took office on 2 |une 1874, which lasted until 25 April 1882, when he resigned the post because Slovenes won a majority on the municipal council. During his term of office, a state secondary school was built in Graben, and in 1881 a new abattoir was opened, which was considered the most modern of its time. People even came to view it from Munich and four years later, they built an identical one there. Under his leadership, the municipal assets increased considerably, important companies came under city management, and various branches of the administration were reformed in keeping with the times. In the field of education, he was entru­ sted with leadership of the city education council. At a session held on 25 April 1882, he was awar­ ded honorary citizenship of the provincial capital Ljubljana, for his services to the municipal admini­ stration. He held the title von Moorland from 1884. isuu-iyuu P. pl. Grasselli / Mestni muzej Ljubljana/ /C ity Museum of L|ubl|ana / župan: 1882— 1896 pravnik in politik mayor: 1882-1896 wyer and politician Peter pl. G rasselli /*1841 f 1933/ Peter Grasselli se je rodil leta 1841 v Kranju in je študiral pravo v Gradcu in na Dunaju. Za ljubljan­ skega župana je bil izvoljen 29. aprila 1882. Dne 2 0 . maja je sledila cesarjeva potrditev, 6 . junija 1882 je zaprisegel v mestni dvorani in s tem pričel oprav­ ljati župansko službo. Po odstopu Nemca Antona Laschana je postal prvi narodnozavedni slovenski župan Ljubljane. Njegovo županovanje sodi v čas narodnih taborov. Pripisujejo mu dokazovanje dunajski vladi, da smo Slovenci sposobni samostojnega političnega živ­ ljenja. Za njim so opravljali župansko funkcijo samo Slovenci. Pod njegovim županovanjem je mestna uprava prešla v slovenske roke in poslovanje se je pričelo vršiti v slovenskem jeziku. Dne 30. junija 1889 so slovesno odkrili spomenik Velentinu Vodniku. Pričeli so modernizirati mesto in najprej leta 1890 zgradili vodovod. Sprejet je bil predlog o ustanovitvi mestne hranilnice pod nadzorstvom in jamstvom mesta, veljati so pričela določila splošnih stavbnih pogojev za mestne stavbe, cesar pa je odredil, naj za žensko in moško učiteljišče zgradijo novo poslopje. V zadnjem letu njegovega županovanja (14. aprila Peter Grasselli was born in 1841 in Kranj and studied law in Graz and Vienna. He was elected mayor of Ljubljana on 29 April 1882. The emperor’s confirma­ tion followed on 2 0 May and he was sworn in on 6 |une 1882 in the city ceremonial hall and thus began to perform the service of mayor. After the resigna­ tion of the German, Anton Laschan, he became the first nationally conscious Slovene mayor of Ljubljana. His mayorship was a time of national camps. He is ascribed with proving to the Vienna government that the Slovenes were capable of independent political life. After him, only Slovenes held the post of mayor. His term of office marked the transfer of the city administration to Slovene hands and official admin­ istrative business began to be done in Slovene. On 30 |une 1889 a monument to Valentin Vodnik was ceremonially unveilt. Under his mayorship, moderni­ sation of the city began and an aquaduct was first built in 1890. A proposal was adopted on the found ing of a city savings bank under the leadership and guarantee of the city, the provisions of general build ing conditions began to apply for city buildings, but the emperor ordered that new buildings be built for 1895) je Ljubljano in širšo okolico močno stresel potres, poškodovane stavbe pa so bile povod za temeljito obnovo mesta. Zadnjič je bil izvoljen za župana 17. maja 1894. Na seji občinskega sveta 30. aprila 1896 so sprejeli njegov odstop tako s funkcije župana kot občin­ skega svetovalca in mu izrekli priznanje in zahvalo za njegovo štirinajstletno uspešno županovanje. Se posebej so se mu zahvalili magistratni uradniki za njegovo naklonjenost, ki jim jo je posvečal v času svojega županovanja, in izboljšanje njihovega gmot­ nega stanja. Dne 13. junija 1930 mu je bilo podeljeno častno meščanstvo mesta Ljubljane: „Mi župan in občinski svet ljubljanski se klanjamo ob devetdesetletnici njegovega rojstva prvemu ljubljanskemu županu naše narodnosti, ki je s prvim slovenskim občinskim svetom upravljal naše mesto.“ women and men teachers. In his last year term of of­ fice (14 April 1895) Ljubljana and the wider surround­ ings were struck by a fairly powerful earthquake, and the damaged buildings were the introduction to a thorough renovation of the city. He was last elected mayor on 1 7 May 1894. His resignation was adopted both from the post of mayor and as a municipal councillor at a session held on 30 April 1896 and recognition and thanks were expressed for his fourteen years of successful mayor­ ship. The Magistrat officials especially thanked him for the attention he devoted to them during his time as mayor and for improving their material position. On 1 3 |une 1930 he was awarded honorary citizen­ ship of the city of Ljubljana: “We the mayor and the municipal council of Ljubljana bow on the occasion of his ninetieth birthday to the first Ljubljana mayor of our nationality, who administered our city with the first Slovene municipal council." Ivan H ribar /'1851 +1941 / župan: 1896-1910 gospodarstvenik in politik mayor: 1896-1910 businessman and politician Ivan Hribar se je rodil leta 1851 v Trzinu in je po kon­ čani nižji gimnaziji v Ljubljani služboval kot uradnik v banki. Za ljubljanskega župana je bil izvoljen 7. marca 1896, 16. junija 1896 pa je prvič predse­ doval občinski seji. Ljubljano je želel povzdigniti v moderno, tudi zu­ naj slovenskega ozemlja uveljavljeno mesto, k i bo obenem tudi središče slovenskega naroda. V času njegovega županovanja so v Ljubljani zgradili plinarno, mestno elektrarno so slovesno odprli I. januarja 1898, 8 . septembra 1899 „Mestni dom“, električno cestno železnico pa 6 . septembra 1901. Zgradili so Zmajski most (1901) in postavili spomenik Francetu Prešernu (1905). Isto leto je prešel v last mestne občine tudi ljubljanski grad. Na zdravstve­ nem področju je z natančnimi gradbenimi predpisi, nadzorom mestnega fizikata in sankcijami za kršitelje predpisov zelo napredovala mestna higiena. Names­ to večine komunskih uličic, v katere so bile do tedaj speljane straniščne cevi, so zgradili betonske jame, kasneje pa tudi kanalizacijo. Mesto je dobilo prvo ljudsko kopel in I. januarja 1902 je bila odprta nova mestna ubožnica v |apljevi ulici. Na magistratu je v vseh uradih vpeljal poslovanje v slovenskem jeziku, Ivan Hribar was born in 1851 in Trzin and after finishing lower gymnasium in Ljubljana, he served as a bank clerk. He was elected Ljubljana mayor on 7 March 1896, and first chaired a municipal session on 16 |une 1896. He wanted to raise Ljubljana into a modern city known also outside Slovene territory, which would simultaneously be the centre of the Slovene nation. During his mayorship, a gas plant was built in Lju bljana, and a city electricity plant was ceremonially opened on I |anuary 1898, “Mestni dom ” on 8 Sep tember 1899, and an electric tramway on 6 Septem ber 1901. Zmajski most was constructed (1901) and a monument to France Prešeren erected (1905). In the same year Ljubljana Castle also came into the ownership of the city municipality. In the health field, with precise building regulations, supervi sion of the city hygiene office and sanctions against those that violated regulations, city hygiene greatly improved. Instead of a majority of small commu­ nal streets into which sewage pipes had been lead until then, concrete sewage tanks were built and later also mains sewerage. The city obtained its first public baths and, on I january 1902, a new city poor od deželnega odbora mu je uspelo dobiti dovoljenje za slovenske ulične napise, pa tudi napisne table za­ sebnikov so bile v slovenskem jeziku ali dvojezične. Zavzemal se je za slovensko šolstvo, še posebej za ustanovitev mestne dekliške šole in izgradnjo novega poslopja zanjo (Mladika). Bil je med ustanovitelji Mestne hranilnice in Ljubljanske kreditne banke ter njen predsednik (1900-1916). Ivan Hribar je bil 3. maja 1910 že šestič zapored izvoljen za župana, a tokrat cesar njegove izvolitve ni potrdil. Kljub temu so ga 30. avgusta 1910 izvolili ponovno. Dan kasneje je deželno predsedstvo razpustilo občinski svet in od I. septembra 1910 do 20. januarja 1912 je oprav­ ljal občinske posle kot vladni komisar svetnik c. kr. deželne vlade vitez Viljem Laschan. Že pred nastopom županske službe (29. junija 1890) je bilo Ivanu Hribarju zaradi izgradnje mestnega vodovoda podeljeno častno meščanstvo. house was opened in (apljeva ulica. In the Magistrat all offices introduced business in the Slovene language, and he succeeded in obtaining from the provincial council permission for Slovene street signs, and inscribed plaques to individuals were also in Slovene or bilingual. He was committed to Slovene education, especially the founding of a city girls school and the construction of a new building for it (Mladika). He was among the founders of Mestna hranilnica (City Savings Bank) and Ljubljanska kreditna banka (Ljublja­ na Credit Bank) and was its president (1900-1916). Ivan Hribar was elected mayor for the sixth successive time on 3 May 1910, but this time the emperor did not confirm the election. Neverthless, on 30 August 1910 he was re-elected. A day later, the provincial pre­ sidency dissolved the municipal council and from I September 1910 to 20 |anuary 1912, municipal busi­ ness was performed by the advisor to the Carniolan provincial government, Sir Viljem Laschan, as govern­ ment commissioner. Even before taking on the position of mayor (29 |une 1890), Ivan Hribar had been awarded honorary citi­ zenship for building the city aquaduct. D r. Ivan Tavčar /*1851 f 1923/ župan: 1 9 1 2— 1921 Dr. Ivan Tavčar, rojen leta 1851 v Poljanah, je študiral odvetnik in pisatelj pravo na Dunaju. Za ljubljanskega župana je bil (921 izvoljen na seji občinskega sveta 18. decembra 1911. Z najvišjo odločbo z dne 15. januarja 1912 je cesar potrdil izvolitev in 20. januarja 1912 je zaprisegel. Dobri dve leti po njegovem nastopu se je pričela prva svetovna vojna, ki je tudi v Ljubljano prinesla precejšnje spremembe. Veliko ljubljanskih šol je bilo spremenjenih v vojne bolnišnice, v mesto so prihajali begunci, ki so med drugim s seboj prinašali tudi razne nalezljive bolezni. Glavna skrb župana in mestne uprave v tem času je bila oskrbeti prebival­ stvo z nujnimi življenjskimi potrebščinami, po vojni pa odpraviti povzročeno škodo. Sledile so hitre politične spremembe: 29. oktobra 1918 je župan nagovoril občinski svet v duhu ustanovitve Države Slovencev, Hrvatov in Srbov. Dober mesec kasne­ je, I. decembra 1918, je skupaj z občinskim svetom vzklikal Kraljevini Srbov, Hrvatov in Slovencev ter kralju Petru Karadjordjeviču. Odločil je, da je od tedaj naprej na mestnem magistratu uradni jezik samo slovenski in da se z vsemi uradi in oblastmi po­ sluje slovensko (tudi vojaškimi). Leto 1919 je nosilo pečat povojne dobe, ki se je odražal a v naraščajoči Dr. Ivan Tavcar, born in 1851 in Poljane, studied law in Vienna. He was elected Ljubljana mayor on 18 December 1911. With the highest decree of 15 |anuary 1912, the emperor confirmed his election and he was sworn in on 20 |anuary 1912. The First World War began slightly more than two years after he took office, which also brought considerable changes to Ljubljana. Many Ljubljana schools were transformed into military hospitals, and refugees arrived in the city who, among other things, also brought various infectious diseases with them. The main concern of the mayoi and city ad­ ministration at that time was to provide the popula­ tion with the means of subsistence, and after the war to repair the damage caused. Speedy political changes followed: on 29 October 1918 the mayor advocated to the municipal council the founding of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs. A month later, on I December 1918, together with the mu nicipal council he proclaimed the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and King Peter Karad|ord|evic. He decided that from then on, Slovene would be the only official language in the c ity Magistrat and that it would do business with all offices and authorities draginji, visokih cenah industrijskih proizvodov, sta­ novanjski bedi in nezaupanju v denar. Razsvetljava v javnih lokalih in prodajalnah je bila omejena v korist razsvetljave ulic in okolice. |ulija 1919 so pričeli graditi most na Prulah, ki je bil zgrajen septembra 1920. Septembra 1919 je regent Aleksander podpisal ukaz, s katerim je začel veljati Zakon o ustanovitvi vseučilišča (univerze) v Ljubljani. Proti koncu nje­ govega županovanja je tujskoprometni svet mestne občine v dneh od I. do 10. septembra 1920 skupaj z velesejemsko upravo in upravo Narodnega gledališča v Ljubljani priredil festival slovanske glasbe in slovan­ skih ljudskih plesov. Dne 18. aprila 1921 je bila zadnja seja občinskega sve­ ta pod županovanjem dr. Ivana Tavčarja. Istega leta je bil izvoljen za častnega meščana Ljubljane “v priznanje izrednih zaslug, katere si je pridobil za slo­ venski narod sploh in še posebej za deželno stolno mesto Ljubljano”. (including the military) in Slovene. The year 1919 bore the seal of the post-war period, which was reflected in growing inflation, high prices of indus­ trial products, housing chaos and distrust in money. Lighting in public premises and shops was limited to the benefit of lighting the streets and surroundings. In |uly 1919, they began to build a bridge at Prule, which was completed in September 1920. In Sep­ tember 1919, the regent Aleksander signed an order by which the Founding of a University in Ljubljana Act took effect. Towards the end of his mayorship, the foreign trade committee of the city council, together with the fairground administration and the administration of the National theatre in Ljubljana, arranged a festival of Slavic music and Slavic folk dance from I to 10 September 1920. The last session of the municipal council under the leadership of Dr. Ivan Tavcar was held on 18 April 1921. In the same year, he was elected an honorary citizen of Ljubljana “in recognition of the excep­ tional service to the benefit of the Slovene nation in general and the provincial capital Ljubljana in particular’ '. i y u u - z u u 4 župan: 1921-1922, 1923-1924 pravnik in politik mayor: 1921-1922, 1923-1924 wyer and politician 0 k ^ k g f fi • W j i-/ . . . j ___s m s z D o , m |ur1|Tif„ . « “ - s ™ . W o l f C a r t n e r |«o . d s C u ,t„ „ , A„,s ,v.lc„ iL ™ .V o R ,„ « » * * > » Vodopivec |an ezSonce |WEZ Krstni k Bernardini (G hidinellO A n*u f » v dinelli) Adam Eppich Ad a m W eiss I a n e z Krstnik VER » u Ludvk Schönlebl (Schonleben) |urii BertaŠ/Wertasch pl Scharfffn Fr i D IaN E ^ jHA'D" . • c arffeneg |anez Rering er, pl. Rerenburg Ia enhueber |anez Krištof Pucher/B uecher pi Puchpntuai i . 6 ^ b # ALl e r p l.P u .h e n th a ll Ianez A n to n Janežič . |akob H e r e n d le r | a n e z FlOR|A* ° j uri, Pilgram Anton Franc Ksaver Wagner Ianez F » ,™ .,, r . , ™ P V nd IanezK ristof P ucher/B uecher pl P uch en ti ~ '" " “ « w m - tit, pl. K iK tn u u « . , f „ „ „ F , , “ “ — . . o , 5 W u ,,sH r i « , « , c r 1" K" i D ‘ i ^ c UU„ M ari|AN D e r m a s tia M a r|a n |e n k o M ar|an T e p , h A