41 Contribution to the knowledge of the non-calcareous grasslands of the Monti Sibillini National Park (central Italy): coenological structure, syntaxonomy, ecology, and floristic aspects Abstract This study provides the first contribution to the knowledge of the non-calcareous grasslands of the arenaceous sector of the Monti Sibillini National Park (central Italy). We conducted 55 relevés using the Braun-Blanquet phytosociological method and analysed the ecology of plant communities by Redundancy analysis using topographic variables and Ellenberg Indicator Values as predictors. We iden- tified nine plant communities, belonging to four classes. Communities of Calluno- Ulicetea and Nardetea strictae were found on acidic soils at higher elevations, those of Festuco-Brometea were mainly associated with steeper south-facing slopes, while Molinio-Arrhenatheretea communities were associated with low altitudes and gentle slopes, semi-flat lands, and high soil nutrient and moisture values. We recorded a total of 410 taxa at the species and subspecies level, representing about 20% of the flora of the Monti Sibillini National Park. Some of these are of high conservation interest, e.g. Calluna vulgaris, Genista sagittalis, Juncus capitatus, and Ophioglossum vulgatum. Eight species are new to the flora of Sibillini National Park. Izvleček Članek predstavlja prve prispevke k poznavanju travišč na nekarbonatni podlagi na peščenjaku v Narodnem parku Monti Sibillini (srednja Italija). Naredili smo 55 popisov z Braun-Blanquetovo metodo in analizirali ekologijo rastlinskih združb z analizo renundance (RDA) z uporabo topografskih spremenljivk in Ellenbergo- vih indikatorskih vrednosti kot neodvisnih spremenljivk. Identificirali smo devet rastlinskih združb, ki jih uvrščamo v štiri razrede. Združbe iz razredov Calluno-Uli- cetea in Nardetea strictae smo našli na kislih tleh na višjih nadmorskih višinah, tiste iz razreda Festuco-Brometea pa na strmih južnih pobočjih, medtem ko se združbe iz razreda Molinio-Arrhenatheretea pojavljajo v nižinah na blagih naklonih, bolj ali manj ravnih površinah, na tleh z večjo vsebnostjo hranil in vlažnostjo. Zabeležili smo 410 taksonov (vrst in podvrst), ki predstavljajo 20% flore Narodnega parka Monti Sibillini. Nekateri so pomembni z vidika ohranjanja, kot npr. Calluna vulga- ris, Genista sagittalis, Juncus capitatus in Ophioglossum vulgatum. Osem vrst je v flori Narodnega parka Monti Sibillini zabeleženih prvič. Key words: arenaceous substrates, flora of conservation interest, grasslands, plant sociology. Ključne besede: peščenjak, zavarovana flora, travišča, fitosociologija. Corresponding author: Tiziana Panichella E-mail: tiziana.panichella@unicam.it Received: 9. 7. 2021 Accepted: 13. 10. 2021 Sandro Ballelli1, Federico Maria Tardella1, Riccardo Pennesi1, Tiziana Panichella2, Alessandro Bricca3, Alessandra Vitanzi3 & Andrea Catorci3 DOI: 10.2478/hacq-2021-002321/1 • 2022, 41–72 1 Herbarium Universitatis Camerinensis, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Camerino (MC), Italy. 2 School of Advanced Studies, Camerino (MC), Italy. 3 School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Camerino (MC), Italy. 21/1 • 2022, 41–72 42 Ballelli et al. Non-calcareous grasslands of the Monti Sibillini National Park: coenological structure, syntaxonomy, ecology, and floristic aspects Introduction In the Apennine mountains (central Italy), semi-natural grasslands extend over vast areas representing an impor- tant cultural heritage (Antrop, 2004), and a biotope of high conservation interest (Sebastià et al., 2008). Most of these communities are protected habitat types included in the 92/43/EEC Directive and play a key role in the conservation of Italian endangered fauna and flora. These communities are threatened by land abandonment, man- agement changes and rapid dynamic processes (Mazzo- leni et al., 2004; Falcucci et al., 2007). Therefore, the conservation of this valuable natural heritage is of great importance (Bricca et al., 2020). For this purpose, knowl- edge of floristic composition, distribution, dynamics, and biodiversity is a fundamental first step (Gigante et al., 2016). However, not all the ecological and geographical features of the Apennine grasslands are yet well known and described, especially the semi-natural, non-calcare- ous grasslands, which are likely to represent an important biodiversity hotspot, as most of the Apennine chains are mainly composed of limestones. The “Monti Sibillini” National Park is the northern- most National Park of central Italy and hosts more than 2,000 vascular plant species on about 70,000 hectares (Ballelli et al., 2010). From a geological point of view, it could be divided into two main parts: the larger part is composed of limestone rocks (about the 90% of the protected area) and a smaller part is formed by arena- ceous and marly-arenaceous substrates, often covered by acid or sub-acid soils (less than 5% of the protected area). Composition patterns of pastures and meadows besides their classification are poorly studied in the Park and no studies have been performed on arenaceous substrates. On calcareous substrates and lacustrine/marsh deposits a pioneer work by Cortini Pedrotti et al. (1973) addressed the pastures and meadows of Pian Grande di Castelluccio di Norcia, followed by studies on Pian Perduto di Gualdo (Pedrotti & Cortini Pedrotti, 1982), Marcite di Norcia (Orsomando & Pedrotti, 1982), Ragnolo (Francalan- cia et al., 1981; Catorci et al., 2007), steppe grasslands dominated by Stipa dasyvagynata subsp. apenninicola and Stipa capillata in the Norcia basin (Ballelli et al., 2006), pastures of the Ambro Valley (Catorci et al., 2008), and alpine and subalpine grasslands of the mountain tops (Costanzo et al., 2009). Regarding arenaceous substrates of Monti della Laga (the nearest conspicuous arenaceous rock complex), Pe- drotti (1982) collected relevés on some acidophilous plant communities (Vaccinio-Hypericetum richeri, Brachypodio- Festucetum spadiceae, Poo violaceae-Nardetum, Carici-Ely- netum bellardii). Di Pietro et al. (2001) described a new association of the Linario-Festucion dimorphae; Allegrezza et al. (2007) reported in Valle della Corte some associa- tions never before indicated in the Monti della Laga. Di Pietro (2007) published a contribution on the beech for- ests. Finally, Allegrezza et al. (2013) published a paper on the vegetation of Piè Vettore, in the middle between the two geological systems, including new mountain grass- land associations. No complete floristic checklist has yet been published on the Monti Sibillini National Park. The most con- spicuous contributions refer to Ballelli et al. (2005), who published the data of the Herbarium Vittorio Marche- soni, kept at the Herbarium Universitatis Camerinensis (CAME), including 1281 taxa at the species and subspe- cies level, and Ballelli et al. (2010), who collected refer- ences to 1920 taxa. Other floristic records referred to the flora of the Monti della Laga, but outside our study area are from Tondi (2000), Bartolucci et al. (2012), Ballelli & Allegrezza (2016), and Conti & Bartolucci (2016). The aim of this study was to provide the first contribu- tion to the knowledge of the non-calcareous grasslands of the arenaceous sector of the Monti Sibillini National Park. Our specific research aims were: i) to assess the floristic relevance of these grasslands for the Monti Sibillini Na- tional Park; ii) to identify the herbaceous plant communi- ties from a phytosociological point of view; iii) to describe the ecology of the different vegetation types using the El- lenberg Indicator Values (EIVs) and topographic data; iv) to identify the main environmental drivers of species composition. Materials and methods Study area The study area is a hilly and low-montane area (500– 1494 m a.s.l.) that extends at the foot of the south-eastern side of the Sibillini Mountains ridge (whose peaks gener- ally exceed 2,000 m a.s.l.), in the central-western sector of the Province of Ascoli Piceno (Marche region, Italy). It is largely part ofthe Monti Sibillini National Park (Figure 1). The bedrock consists of arenaceous substrates (Laga Formation) and arenaceous-pelithic deposits, with thick, poorly permeable, arenaceous banks forming the top of the hills (Centamore et al., 1991). The landforms consist of deep valleys, delimited by very steep slopes, and flat areas or not very steep slopes in the summit areas or ad- jacent to the limestone outcrops. Where sandstones out- crop, they give rise to very harsh landforms, while where the sandstones alternate with pelites, asymmetric land- forms develop. In particular, where the arenaceous layers have opposite orientation to the slope inclination, slopes 21/1 • 2022, 41–72 43 Ballelli et al. Non-calcareous grasslands of the Monti Sibillini National Park: coenological structure, syntaxonomy, ecology, and floristic aspects are very steep and sometimes interrupted by significant rocky cliffs. In contrast, slopes are quite gentle when the arenaceous layers are oriented in the same direction as the slope and are generally thicker (Centamore et al., 1991). Semi-flat areas correspond to basins covered by debris, often next to the geological division between calcareous and arenaceous outcrops. Soils are characterized by high desaturation, low active calcium content, pH less than 6, sandy, sandy loam or sandy clay loam texture and moder- ate to medium depth (ASSAM, 2006). The mean annual temperature is 11.1 °C, the mean an- nual precipitation is 1,217 mm, the mean monthly tem- perature is below 10 °C for 6 months, and the summer drought stress (Mitrakos, 1980) is absent (data from the Montemonaco thermo-pluviometric station, 987 m a.s.l., 1950–2000; Amici & Spina, 2000). According to Pesaresi et al. (2017), the area belongs to the sub-Mediterranean bioclimatic variant of the temperate macro-bioclimate, with a weak Submediterraneity index, within the upper meso-temperate and lower supra-temperate bioclimatic belts, with lower and upper humid ombrotypes. The vegetation mosaic of the study area is mostly characterized by forests dominated by Ostrya carpinifo- lia, Quercus pubescens and/or Quercus cerris below 900– 1000 m a.s.l. and by Fagus sylvatica above this altitude (see Catorci et al., 2008). Forests generally cover the moderate to very steep slopes and the top of the hills. Pastures are generally distributed in the moderate to steep slopes, with the exception of the mowed meadows that characterize the semi-flat lands as well as croplands. In the last decades, the area has been subject to an aban- donment trend, which led to a very strong expansion of woodlands and a reduction of agricultural land and low productive pastures such as those the facing south (Bra- chetti et al., 2012). Data collection We conducted 55 phytosociological relevés (late May-July 2015) using the Braun-Blanquet phytosociological method (Braun-Blanquet, 1964), which implies a preferential sam- pling of vegetation units. We sampled grasslands (pastures and meadows) and a dwarf-shrub community occurring in patches inside pastures. The area of the plots ranged from 3 m2 (dwarf shrub community) to 200 m2 (dry grassland communities). For each relevé, we recorded the following data: locality (i.e., the locality closest to the plot, indicated on a topographic map), altitude (m a.s.l., measured us- ing a digital GPS altimeter – 1-m resolution), slope aspect (azimuth degrees, measured using a compass – 1-degree resolution), slope angle (vertical degrees, measured using a clinometer – 1-degree resolution), total vegetation cover (%), and cover-abundance values of the species, the latter assigned using the Braun-Blanquet scale (Braun-Blanquet, 1964). The species nomenclature followed Bartolucci et al. (2018a, 2018b, 2018c, 2019a, 2019b). We assigned to each species the Ellenberg Indicator Values (EIVs; Ellenberg et al., 1991) for light intensity (L), air temperature (T), continentality (C), soil moisture (M) and soil nutrients (N), adapted to Italian flora (Pig- natti et al., 2005; Guarino et al., 2012). The use of EIVs (Ellenberg, 1974; Ellenberg, 1996; Ellenberg et al., 1992) allows a better understanding of the relations between species composition and ecological factors and has proven useful in analysing the drivers of vegetation change across environmental and management gradients (e.g., Schaf- fers & Sykora, 2000; Wamelink et al., 2002; Klaus et al., 2012), especially when they are used for comparisons on a local scale, within homogeneous bioclimatic and biogeo- graphic contexts (Godefroid & Dana, 2007). To characterize the study area from a floristic perspec- tive, we integrated the list of species recorded in the phy- tosociological survey with those found in the areas sur- rounding the plots. Moreover, the floristic records come from the V. Marchesoni Herbarium (Ballelli et al., 2005) Figure1: Location of the study area (central Italy). Slika 1: Preučevano območje (srednja Italija). 21/1 • 2022, 41–72 44 Ballelli et al. Non-calcareous grasslands of the Monti Sibillini National Park: coenological structure, syntaxonomy, ecology, and floristic aspects and the S. Ballelli Herbarium (unpublished data) stored in the Herbarium Universitatis Camerinensis (CAME), as well as from the data sheet of the floristic area of the Marche region “99. Santa Maria in Pantano” (Regione Marche, 2014). Data analysis To characterize the floristic value of the studied grass- lands, we calculated the chorological spectrum of the flo- ristic list obtained following the chorological indications reported in Pignatti (2017a, 2017b, 2018, 2019). We grouped species into eight main components: Mediter- ranean, European, Eurasian, Boreal, Endemic, Atlantic, wide-distribution, and undefined distribution. Finally, we extracted from the list the taxa at the species and subspe- cies level that are considered rare in the Marche region, are included in Italian Red-list, are relevant from a bio- geographical point of view (endemic, circumboreal or at the extreme border of their distribution range), or are new to the flora of the Monti Sibillini National Park. We transformed Braun-Blanquet cover-abundance classes to percentages using the average cover values of Braun-Blanquet classes: + (< 1%), 0.5 %; 1 (1–5%), 3%; 2 (5–25%), 15%; 3 (25–50%), 37.5%; 4 (50–75%), 62.5%; 5 (75–100%), 87.5%. To r values (rare species) we attributed 0.1%. To classify the plant communities, we performed clus- ter analysis on the Hellinger-transformed “relevé-by- species cover (percentage)” matrix, using the complete link algorithm, based on Euclidean distance. To describe plant communities based on their coenological compo- sition, we grouped species within each cluster following the most accepted phytosociological placement of each species at the class rank (Biondi & Blasi, 2015; Mucina et al., 2016). Then, we grouped species of different classes based on their ecological affinity (e.g., we grouped species of Festuco-Brometea, Festuco-Ononidetea, etc.). For each plant community, we summed the average percent cover values of the Braun-Blanquet classes of species belonging to each phytosociological class or group of classes consid- ered and calculated the percentage contribution of each species group to the total vegetation cover (sum of species cover values in all the relevés of each cluster). For the syntaxonomic classification of the vegetation types, we referred to Biondi & Blasi (2015) and Mucina et al. (2016). The nomenclature of suballiances, alliances and higher syntaxonomic ranks was drawn from Biondi et al. (2005), Biondi & Blasi (2015), Mucina et al. (2016). For nomenclature at the association level, we mainly re- ferred to Pedrotti (1976), Biondi & Ballelli (1995), Al- legrezza & Biondi (2011), and Biondi & Galdenzi (2012). Moreover, we identified constant, dominant, and di- agnostic species for each group. We considered as “con- stant” those species whose frequency within each group is higher than 40% (Poldini & Sburlino, 2005) and as “dominant” those species (sensu Mucina et al., 1993) that occur in at least 60% of the relevès of a given group with a mean cover value higher than 25%. To identify the di- agnostic species of each plant community resulting from the cluster analysis, we performed an indicator species analysis (ISA; Dufrene & Legendre, 1997). This method combines information on the abundance of species in a group and the occurrence of that species in a given group (McCune & Grace, 2002). An indicator value (IVij) for species i in group j. is obtained as the product of relative abundance (mean abundance of species i within group j divided by the sum of the mean abundance of species i in all groups) and relative frequency (number of samples in group j occupied by species i divided by the total number of samples in group j), and ranges from 0 to 1 (Dufrêne & Legendre, 1997). We tested the statistical significance (P < 0.05) of the observed maximum IVs using permuta- tion tests with 1,000 runs, and discarded species whose component of relative abundance was less than 0.6 or whose component of relative frequency was less than 0.25 (De Caceres et al., 2012). To characterize the environmental conditions of the plant communities, we calculated descriptive statistics of EIVs and environmental characteristics for each main group highlighted by the cluster analysis. To calculate the EIVs at plot level we made the modification of the equa- tion described by Garnier et al. (2004) and we multiplied the “relevé-by-species presence/absence” matrix by the “species x EIVs” matrix obtaining the “relevé-by-EIVs” matrix as follows: where CM is the community-unweighted mean value of a given EIV (i.e. the mean values of EIV at relevé level), pi is the relative cover of species i (i=1,2, …, S), and xi is the value of EIV for species i. In case of presence/absence species values, as for our case, pi= 1/N for all N species in the sampling site. EIVs at the relevé level reflect the site conditions better than the EIVs at species level because the occurrence of a species in a relevé may deviate from its optimum due to ecological tolerance (Kowarik & Sei- dling, 1989). To investigate the effect of the topographic variables on species composition, we performed a redundancy analysis (RDA) by using as dependent variables the “relevé-by- species cover (percentage)” matrix after Hellinger trans- 21/1 • 2022, 41–72 45 Ballelli et al. Non-calcareous grasslands of the Monti Sibillini National Park: coenological structure, syntaxonomy, ecology, and floristic aspects formation and elevation, slope, and aspect as predictors. Prior to this analysis, aspect values were converted from the compass scale 0–360 to a linear scale (0–180), with northern aspect (the shadiest) receiving a value approach- ing 0 and southern aspect (the sunniest) receiving a value approaching 180 (Warren, 2008). The significance of the RDA model and each predictor was tested using permuta- tion tests (999 iterations). Then, we used CMEIVs as “sup- plementary” variables to highlight the ecological gradients depicted by RDA axes 1 and 2. Since dependent variables (i.e., species cover) and predictors (i.e., CMEIVs) are not independent, the results may inflate Type I error. To avoid such effect, we used the approach based on permutation model described by Zelený & Schaffers (2012). We shuf- fled species identity 999 times in the EIVs matrix (i.e., we randomly assigned the EIVs across the species) and com- pared the observed coefficient of determination (obs. R2) of each of the linear regressions between each CMEIV and the ordination axes to a null distribution of 999 expected coefficients of determination (exp. R2). The linear regres- sions were not due to the chance and not affected by error Type I only if the obs. R2 was significantly higher than the exp. R2 based on a one-tailed t-test (α=0.05). Statistical analyses were performed using R software version 3.5.3 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, http://www.R-project.org). To perform cluster analysis, we used the hclust function (stats pack- age, version 3.0.2) and the vegdist function (vegan pack- age, version 2.4-3). The ISA was performed using the multipatt function (indicspecies package, version 1.7.9). To perform the Hellinger transformation, we used the decostand function of vegan. RDA was performed using the rda function, scaling = 2 (vegan package). The signifi- cance of the first RDA model for each predictor and the RDA axes were tested using the anova.cca function (vegan package). To compare the observed and expected R2 in the second RDA, we used the envifit.iv function provided by Zelený & Schaffers (2012), which could be run in R version 3.3.2. Results Floristic characterization We recorded a total of 410 taxa at the species and subspe- cies level, namely about 20% of the flora of the Monti Sibillini National Park (see Ballelli et al., 2010). Eight species were new for the National Park. Achillea tomentosa L., Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull and Genista sagittalis L. are among the taxa of highest conser- vation interest (Table S1). The most represented choro- logical groups were Mediterranean (135 taxa, 32.9%), Eurasian (115; 28.0%), and European (58; 14.1%), followed by taxa with a wide distribution (44; 10.7%), boreal (27; 6.6%), endemic (17; 4.1%), and Atlantic (6; 1.5%). The number of taxa with undetermined distribu- tion was 8 (2%) (Table S2). Phytosociological and ecological characterization of plant communities The cluster analysis of the phytosociological relevés sepa- rated three main groups (Figure 2). Cluster A (Table 1) grouped dwarf shrub and herba- ceous communities growing at higher altitudes (Table S3). It was dominated by species of classes Festuco-Brometea, Festuco hystricis-Ononidetea striatae, and Elyno-Seslerietea (32.0%) and class Nardetea (28.3%) (Table 2). The con- stant species were fewer than in the other clusters; the most frequent were Nardus stricta, Brachypodium rupes- tre, Luzula multiflora subsp. multiflora, Helianthemum nummularium subsp. obscurum, and Cruciata glabra (Ta- ble S4). Nardus scricta, Luzula multiflora subsp. multiflo- ra, Genista sagittalis, Thesium linophyllon, Brachypodium rupestre, Trifolium montanum subsp. rupestre, and Cru- ciata glabra, were the main indicator species (Table S5). Cluster A was divided into two sub-clusters (Figure 2, Table 1) dominated by Calluna vulgaris (A1) and Nar- dus stricta (A2). In the first sub-cluster, the highest cover value was due to the Calluno-Ulicetea species (87.5%); in the second, Festuco-Brometea, Festuco-Ononidetea, Elyno- Seslerietea, and Nardetea species were the most abundant (67% in total) (Table 2). Cluster B (Table 3) included herbaceous communi- ties characterized by lower altitude (748 m a.s.l.), steeper (19.4°) and south-facing slopes (139°) (Table S3). It was dominated by species of the classes Festuco-Brometea, Festuco hystricis-Ononidetea striatae, and Elyno-Seslerietea (50.6%), with a conspicuous contribution of species of the class Nardetea (33.1%) (Table 2). The most abundant species were Bromopsis erecta and Achillea tomentosa. The most frequent constant species were Bromopsis erecta, Achillea tomentosa, Dactylis glomerata, Plantago lanceo- lata, Hypericum perforatum, Linum usitatissimum subsp. angustifolium, Lysimachia arvensis, Artemisia alba, Vulpia myuros, Trifolium scabrum, T. campestre, Poterium san- guisorba subsp. balearicum (Table S4). The main indica- tor species were Achillea tomentosa, Lysimachia arvensis, Vulpia myuros, Artemisia alba, Asperula purpurea, Sedum sexangulare, Poterium sanguisorba subsp. balearicum, Tri- folium scabrum, and Hypericum perforatum (Table S5). Cluster B was divided into three sub-clusters (Figure 2, 21/1 • 2022, 41–72 46 Ballelli et al. Non-calcareous grasslands of the Monti Sibillini National Park: coenological structure, syntaxonomy, ecology, and floristic aspects Table 3) dominated by Achillea tomentosa and Trigonella sulcata (B1), Bromopsis erecta and Achillea tomentosa (B3), Bromopsis erecta and Achillea tomentosa with Brachypodium distachyon (B2). The community of sub-cluster B1 devel- ops on gentle slopes at the top of thick arenaceous banks with shallow soils and outcropping rocks. Sub-clusters B2 and B3 communities develop on arenaceous-pelithic sub- strates and deeper soils, the former at lower mean altitudes (mean value: 630 m) and on south-facing slopes, the lat- ter at higher mean elevations (ca. 870 m), on less strictly south-facing slopes. Among the three sub-clusters, sub- cluster B1 had the lowest percentage of Festuco-Brometea, Festuco-Ononidetea and Elyno-Seslerietea species; sub-clus- ter B2 had the highest abundance of therophytic/chamae- phytic xerophilous species; sub-cluster B3 had the highest percentage of Festuco-Brometea, Festuco-Ononidetea, and Elyno-Seslerietea and Molinio-Arrhenatheretea species, and the lowest abundance of therophytic/chamaephytic xero- philous species (Table 2). Cluster C (Table 4) included herbaceous communi- ties that developed on semi-flat (5°), west and east-facing slopes (79°) (Table S3). The cluster was dominated by species of class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea (72.4%, Table 2). Among the constant species, we found Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Dactylis glomerata subsp. glomerata, Holcus lanatus, Rumex acetosa, Trifolium pratense subsp. pratense, and Linum usitatissimum subsp. angustifo- lium (Table S4). The main indicator species were Trifolium pratense, Holcus lanatus, Lotus corniculatus, Arrhenaterum elatius, Lolium perenne, and Poa trivialis (Table S5). Cluster C was divided into four sub-clusters (Figure 2, Table 4) dominated by Juncus inflexus or Deschampsia cespitosa (C1), Cynosurus cristatus (C2), and Arrhenather- um elatius (C3). Sub-cluster C1 had the highest percentag- es (95%) of Molinio-Arrhenatheretea species, while cluster C3 had the highest value of companion species (Table 2). Environmental drivers of plant community distribution and composition Altitude, aspect, and slope significantly explained the variance of the species data set (adj. R2 = 0.19; p = 0.001), both considered together and individually (p = 0.001). The first two RDA axes explained the 13% and the 9% of the variance (R2; p = 0.001). As regards EIVs, we found a significant relation of the species data set with light in- tensity (R2 =80%; p = 0.001), air temperature (R2 =88%; p = 0.001), soil moisture (R2 =63%; p = 0.004), soil nutri- Figure 2: Dendrogram obtained from the cluster analysis of the “relevés-by-species” matrix. Slika 2: Dendrogram, narejen s klastersko analizo matrike “popisi x vrste”. A. Group of plant communities of classes Calluno- Ulicetea and Nardetea strictae: A1. Calluna vulgaris community; A2. Campanulo micranthae-Nardetum strictae. B. Group of plant communities of class Festuco-Brometea: B1. Achillea tomentosa and Trigo- nella sulcata community; B2. Bromopsis erecta and Achillea tomentosa community with Brachypodium distachyon. B3. Bromopsis erecta and Achillea tomen- tosa community. C. Group of plant communities of the class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea. C1 Mentho longifoliae-Juncetum inflexi and Deschampsio-Cari- cetum distantis; C2. Colchico lusitani-Cynosuretum cristati; C3. Ranunculo neapolitani-Arrhenatheretum elatioris ranunculetosum neapolitani. Figure 3: Redundancy analysis (RDA) ordination graph showing the effect of topographic variables on the species cover values (crosses – cluster A; triangles – cluster B; and circles – cluster C). Supplementary vectors related to light intensity (L), air temperature (T), Continental- ity (C), soil moisture (M), soil reaction (R) and soil nutrients (N) are projected onto ordination diagrams. Slika 3: Ordinacijski graf, narejen z analizo renundance (RDA), kaže pomen topografskih spremenljivk na pokrovnost vrst (križci – klaster A; trikotniki – klaster B; in krožci – klaster C). Dodatni vektorji za svetlobo (L), temperature zraka (T), celinskost (C), vlažnost tal (M), reakcijo tal (R) in hranila v tleh (N) so pasivno projicirani na ordinacijski diagram. 21/1 • 2022, 41–72 47 Ballelli et al. Non-calcareous grasslands of the Monti Sibillini National Park: coenological structure, syntaxonomy, ecology, and floristic aspects ents (R2 =67%; p = 0.001), and continentality (R2 =50%; p = 0.024). Nardus stricta and Calluna vulgaris-dominat- ed communities (cluster A) were related to the highest elevations, acidic soils with lower air temperature. The Ar- rhenatherum elatius-dominated communities (cluster C) and the Bromopsis erecta-dominated communities (cluster B) were associated with lower elevations (Figure 3). The former was related to flat and semi-flat lands and north- facing slopes, particularly nutrient-rich and moist soils and lower light intensity and air temperature and high- er soil nutrients and moisture; the latter was associated with the opposite conditions, i.e., very steep south-facing slopes, higher light intensity and air temperature, and lower soil nutrients and moisture (Figure 3). Discussion Floristic assessment of grasslands The floristic research on the grassland communities that develop on non-carbonatic substrates of the Monti Sibil- lini National Park allowed to highlight the relevance of the study area due to the presence of taxa of high conser- vation interest, such as Achillea tomentosa (lg. Marchesoni, in Ballelli et al., 2005), Astrantia major subsp. involucrata (lg. Ricci, in Paolucci, 1890, lg. Marchesoni, in Ballelli et al., 2005), Cardamine apennina (lg. Marchesoni, in Lihova’ et al., 2004; Ballelli et al., 2005), Carum carvi (lg. Marchesoni, in Ballelli et al., 2005), Crepis aurea subsp. glabrescens (lg. Marchesoni, in Ballelli et al., 2005), Genista sagittalis subsp. sagittalis (Ballelli et al., 2005; Ballelli et al., 2010), Gentiana dinarica (lg. Marchesoni, in Ballelli et al. 2005), Traunsteinera globosa (lg. Marchesoni, in Marche- soni, 1959; Ballelli et al., 2005), Vaccinium myrtillus (lg. Marchesoni, in Marchesoni, 1959; Ballelli et al., 2005), Erica scoparia subsp. scoparia (Brilli-Cattarini & Ballelli, 1979), Serapias lingua (Bertoloni, 1833-54; Servilli & Dell’Orsoc, 2000; lg. Marchesoni, in Ballelli et al., 2005; Benigni et al., 2011), Astragalus danicus (Ballelli, 2003, lg. Marchesoni, in Ballelli et al., 2005), Carex leporina (lg. V. Marchesoni, in Ballelli et al., 2005), Dichoropetalum carvifolium-chabraei (Bertoloni, 1837; Sanguinetti, 1852- 67; Caruel, 1888; Paolucci, 1890; Ballelli & Francalancia, 1995), Juncus capitatus (lg. Marzialetti, in Paolucci, 1890), Oxytropis pilosa subsp. caputoi (Brilli-Cattarini & al., 2001, lg. V. Marchesoni in Ballelli et al., 2005), Sangui- sorba officinalis (lg. V. Marchesoni, in Ballelli et al., 2005), and Viola canina subsp. canina (sub V. canina subsp. rup- pii, lg. V. Marchesoni, in Ballelli et al., 2005). At the edge of the forest, on the western side of Mount Oialona, there is a small population of Calluna vulgaris (Brilli-Cattarini & Ballelli, 1979) linked to acidic or cal- careous strongly decalcified soils. The Mount Oialona is the southernmost site of its distribution range in Italy. The botanical relevance in the study area is also due to the presence of a ditch, which hosts some rare or uncom- mon species in the Marche region, such as Carex panicea (Brilli-Cattarini & Ballelli, 1979) and Equisetum palustre. Other noteworthy species are Hordeum secalinum, Carex distans, C. pallescens, Ophioglossum vulgatum, and Par- nassia palustris. In particular, Ophioglossum vulgatum is a rare circumboreal species, growing in humid meadows and underwoods, especially in periodically flooded places (Ballelli et al., 2005; Ballelli et al., 2010). A total of eight new plant species were discovered that have not been previously reported by other authors for the Sibillini National Park. Specifically, the new species are: Jacobaea erucifolia s.l., Diplotaxis muralis, Myagrum perfoliatum, Silene vulgaris subsp. tenoreana, Onobrychis caput-galli, Misopates orontium, Potentilla pedata, and Thymelaea passerina. Phytosociological and ecological interpretation of plant communities The phytosociological interpretation of plant communi- ties highlighted by cluster analysis (Figure 2) led to the identication of nine communities, which were classified in four phytosociological classes, as highlighted in the fol- lowing syntaxonomic scheme. CALLUNO VULGARIS-ULICETEA MINORIS Br.-Bl. & Tüxen ex Klika in Klika & Hadač 1944 VACCINIO MyRTILLI-GENISTETALIA PILOSAE Schubert ex Passarge 1964 Genisto pilosae-Vaccinion uliginosi Br.-Bl. 1926 Calluna vulgaris community NARDETEA STRICTAE Rivas Goday in Rivas Goday & Rivas-Martínez 1963 NARDETALIA STRICTAE Oberdorfer ex Preising 1949 Ranunculo pollinensis-Nardion strictae Bonin 1972 Campanulo micranthae-Nardetum strictae Biondi & Galdenzi 2012 nardetosum strictae FESTUCO VALESIACAE-BROMETEA ERECTI Br.-Bl. & Tüxen ex Soó 1947 PHLEO AMBIGUI-BROMETALIA ERECTI Biondi, Allegrezza, Blasi & Galdenzi in Biondi, Allegrezza, Casa- vecchia, Galdenzi, Gasparri, Pesaresi, Vagge & Blasi 2014 Achillea tomentosa and Trigonella sulcata community Bromopsis erecta and Achillea tomentosa community Bromopsis erecta and Achillea tomentosa community with Brachypodium distachyon 21/1 • 2022, 41–72 48 Ballelli et al. Non-calcareous grasslands of the Monti Sibillini National Park: coenological structure, syntaxonomy, ecology, and floristic aspects MOLINIO-ARRHENATHERETEA Tüxen 1937 TRIFOLIO-HORDEETALIA Horvatić 1963 Ranunculion velutini Pedrotti 1978 Deschampsio-Caricetum distantis Pedrotti 1976 TRIFOLIO REPENTIS-PHLEETALIA PRATENSIS Passarge 1969 Cynosurion cristati Tüxen 1947 Colchico lusitani-Cynosuretum cristati Biondi & Ballelli 1995 ARRHENATHERETALIA ELATIORIS Tüxen 1931 Ranunculo neapolitani-Arrhentatherion elatioris Alle- grezza & Biondi 2011 Ranunculo neapolitani-Arrhentatheretum elatioris Alle- grezza & Biondi 2011 ranunculetosum neapolitani Allegrezza & Biondi 2011 POTENTILLO-POLyGONETALIA AVICULARIS Tüxen 1947 Mentho longifoliae-Juncion inflexi T. Müller et Görs ex de Foucault 2009 Mentho longifoliae-Juncetum inflexi Lohmeyer ex Ober- dorfer 1957 The communities of cluster A, assigned to the Nardetea strictae and Calluno-Ulicetea classes, were the most acido- philous and were found at higher elevations. The values of light intensity, air temperature, soil nitrogen, and soil moisture were intermediate between the grasslands of clusters B and C. The communities of cluster B, classified as Festuco-Brometea class, were found on steeper, south- facing slopes and had higher values for light intensity and air temperature and lower values for soil nutrients and moisture. The grassland communities of cluster C, attrib- uted to the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea class, were clearly as- sociated with altitude and slope (mainly low altitudes and gentle slopes or semi-flat lands), and high soil nutrient and moisture values. Group of acidophilous communities of the mountain belt, characterized by Calluna vulgaris or nardus striCta (cluster A, Table 1) Calluna vulgaris community (cluster A, Table 1, rel. 1–4) Species-poor community of acidophilous shrublands at 1100–1150 m a.s.l., physiognomically characterized by Calluna vulgaris, with Vaccinium myrtillus. The occur- rence of C. vulgaris, V. myrtillus, and Erica scoparia subsp. scoparia, justifies a classification of the community in the Genisto pilosae-Vaccinion uliginosi alliance (order Vaccinio myrtilli-Genistetalia pilosae, class Calluno-Ulicetea). How- ever, due to the small number of species and the small surface area occupied, there are no elements to describe a new association or identify an oldest one. This community differs from the Danthonio-Callune- tum association described by Pedrotti (1982) in the basin of Lake Trasimeno and from the Tuberario lignosae-Callu- netum (Pedrotti, 1982) by the absence of Genista german- ica, G. pilosa, Cytisus scoparius, and Danthonia decumbens and of Mediterranean species, and by the presence of Vac- cinium myrtillus. This community is in serial contact with the beech for- ests of the Solidagini-Fagetum sylvaticae association (see Catorci et al., 2008). Campanulo micranthae-Nardetum strictae Biondi et Galdenzi 2012 (cluster A, Table 1, rel. 5–13) Community of acidophilous mountain grasslands with dense swards, widespread in slightly to moderately steep areas located on the top of the highest hills with acid soils due to the occurence of sandstone banks. Physiognomical- ly it is characterized by Nardus stricta, with elements of the Ranunculo-Nardion alliance, Nardetalia strictae order, and Nardetea strictae class, such as Potentilla rigoana, P. erecta, Ranunculus pollinensis, R. apenninus, and Avenella flexuosa. The presence of species Campanula micrantha, Silene cilia- ta subsp. graefferi, Luzula multiflora, Agrostis capillaris, and Cynosurus cristatus indicates that the community fits the Campanulo-micranthae-Nardetum strictae association. This association was described by Biondi & Galdenzi (2012) in the nearby Montagna dei Fiori (Marche). This association is in serial contact with the beech for- ests of the association Solidagini-Fagetum sylvaticae (see Catorci et al., 2008). Group of plant communities of the FestuCo- Brometea class, characterized by aChillea tomentosa (cluster B, Table 3) On the arenaceous and arenaceous-pelithic substrates up to 1000 m a.s.l., we found a group of three plant com- munities characterized by Achillea tomentosa, following an aridity gradient, from the open-turf community of the shallow arenaceous soils to the closed-turf community of deeper soils on arenaceous-pelithic substrates. Probably, these plant communities can be interpreted as facets of an association developed on a broader geographical range and ecological conditions, which should be investigated in more detail and in larger areas. For this reason, we pre- ferred to avoid syntaxonomic classification at the level of association and the alliance. Achillea tomentosa and Trigonella sulcata community (cluster B, Table 3, rel. 1–4) An open-turf community that occurs on shallow soils with outcropping arenaceous rocks, on gentle slopes that tend to be north-facing, at 700–750 m. The total veg- 21/1 • 2022, 41–72 49 Ballelli et al. Non-calcareous grasslands of the Monti Sibillini National Park: coenological structure, syntaxonomy, ecology, and floristic aspects etation cover is approximately 80%. It is physiognomi- cally characterized by Achillea tomentosa and a group of therophytes and chamaephytes such as Trigonella sulcata, Petrorhagia saxifraga, Arenaria leptoclados, Trifolium angus- tifolium subsp. angustifolium, T. arvense, Ononis reclinata, Sabulina mediterranea, S. tenuifolia, Micromeria graeca, Linum strictum, and Teucrium capitatum subsp. capitatum. Despite the presence of a conspicuous set of species from Stipo-Trachynietea, Helianthemetea guttati, and Sedo-Schler- anthetea, the structure of the community is dominated by species from class Festuco-Brometea such as Bromopsis erecta, Phleum hirsutum subsp. ambiguum, Brachypodium rupestre, Achillea tomentosa, and Asperula purpurea, leading us to classify this community within the class Festuco-Brometea. This community is in serial contact with the hop-horn- beam and turkey oak woodlands of the Aceri obtusati- Quercetum cerridis association (Catorci et al., 2008). Bromopsis erecta and Achillea tomentosa community (cluster B, Table 3, rel. 12–19) Community of south-facing slopes, which develops at 650–1000 m on arenaceous-pelithic substrates with deep- er soils. It is physiognomically characterized by Bromop- sis erecta and Achillea tomentosa with, in suborder, Carex caryophyllea, Thymus moesiacus, Linum catharticum, and Sedum sexangulare. The prevalence of the species of Festu- co-Brometea justifies the classification of this community in the class Festuco-Brometea. The Bromopsis erecta and Achillea tomentosa commu- nity is in serial contact with the beech forests of the Erico arboreae-Quercetum pubescentis quercetosum cerridis subas- sociation (Catorci et al., 2008). Bromopsis erecta and Achillea tomentosa community with Brachypodium distachyon (cluster B, Table 3, rel. 5–11) Community of south-facing slopes, spreading at 500– 750 m on arenaceous-pelithic substrates. It differes from the previous community by a group of therophytic species con- sisting of Brachypodium distachyon, Briza minor, Gastridium ventricosum, Euphorbia exigua subsp. exigua, Crepis neglecta, Galium parisiense, and Helianthemum salicifolium. This community is in serial contact with the white oak woodlands of the Erico arboreae-Quercetum pubescentis ericetosum arboreae subassociation (Catorci et al., 2008). Group of plant communities of the molinio- arrhenatheretea class, characterized by arrhenatherum elatius and Cynosurus Cristatus (cluster C, Table 4) Mesophilous or hygrophilous grasslands with a dense sward, spreading on flat or semi-flat lands on alluvial sub- strates and detritic material, at the edge of ditches and depressions. Mentho longifoliae-Juncetum inflexi Lohmeyer ex Oberdorfer 1957 (cluster A, Table 4, rel. 1). Species-poor sub-nitrophilous and sub-hygrophilous community dominated by Juncus inflexus subsp. inflexus and found along small ditches crossing grasslands domi- nated by the Cynosurus cristatus. J. inflexus is associated with species of the Potentillo-Polygonetalia order and Mo- linio-Arrhenateretea class, e.g. Ranunculus repens, Carex hirta, Galium album subsp. album, Rumex acetosa, Lo- lium arundinaceum, Poa trivialis, and Lychnis flos-cuculi. The species composition of the community allows us to classify it in the Potentillo-Polygonetalia order of the Mo- linio-Arrhenateretea class. Because of the dominance of the helophyte Juncus inflexus subsp. inflexus and the pres- ence of Mentha longifolia, we assigned this community to the Mentho longifoliae-Juncetum inflexi, which occurs from northern Italy (e.g. Andreis et al., 1995; Tomasi & Caniglia, 2004) to central and southern Italy (e.g. Can- ullo et al., 1988; Pirone, 2000; Pirone et al., 2004). The species composition of this community differs from that of Galio palustris-Juncetum inflexi, described by Venan- zoni & Gigante (2000), because of the absence of Galium palustre and Scutellaria galericulata and the prevalence of species of the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea class. It also dif- fers from the Carici otrubae-Juncetum inflexi Minissale et Spampinato 1985 asssociation because Carex otrubae, characteristic of the association, is absent. Deschampsio-Caricetum distantis Pedrotti 1976 (cluster C, Table 4, rel. 2–3) Thick-sward wet meadows, dominated by Deschampsia cespitosa, found in depressions that are flooded in early summer and moist by the end of summer. This commu- nity includes numerous elements of the Molinio-Arrhen- atetetea class (e.g. Poa trivialis, Centaurea jacea subsp. jacea, Rumex acetosa subsp. acetosa, and Ranunculus ac- ris). The presence of Lolium arundinaceum subsp. arun- dinaceum, justifies the classification of the community in the Ranunculion velutini alliance of the order Trifolio- Hordeetalia. The occurrence of Carex distans, next to Deschampsia cespitosa, allows its assignment to the as- sociation Deschampsio-Caricetum distantis, described by Pedrotti (1976) in the Piani di Montelago (Marche). The association is endemic to the wet meadows of central and southern Italy (Pedrotti, 1975; Pedrotti, 1976; Canullo et al., 1988; Pedrotti et al., 1992; Pirone, 1997; Catorci & Orsomando, 2001; Tardella et al., 2002; Tardella & Di Agostino, 2020). 21/1 • 2022, 41–72 50 Ballelli et al. Non-calcareous grasslands of the Monti Sibillini National Park: coenological structure, syntaxonomy, ecology, and floristic aspects Colchico lusitani-Cynosuretum cristati Biondi et Ballelli 1995 (cluster C, Table 4, rel. 4–11) Community of mesophilous hay meadows with a dense sward, in areas covered by detritic material. It is physiognomically characterized by Cynosurus cristatus with numerous elements of the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea class. The presence of Lolium perenne, Bellis perennis, Phleum pratense subsp. pratense, and Trifolium repens allows to classify this community in the order Trifolio repentis- Phleetalia pratensis and alliance Cynosurion cristati. More specifically, the community found in the study area fits with the Colchico lusitani-Cynosuretum cristati associa- tion, described by Biondi & Ballelli (1995) in the humid hay-meadows of the Coscerno-Civitella massif (Umbria) due to the occurrence of the characteristic species Col- chicum lusitanum, Achillea millefolium, and Tragopogon pratensis subsp. pratensis, besides Cynosurus cristatus, and a conspicuous group of Festuco-Brometea species. This community differs from the Achilleo collinae-Cyno- suretum cristati, described by Biondi et al. (1989) for the arenaceous substrates in the district Monte Catria-Nerone by the absence of the characteristic species Phleum prat- ense subsp. bertolonii and Lotus tenuis, as well as most of the differential species of the association in comparison with the Cynosurus cristatus-dominated communities of the calcareous Apennine ridges (e.g. Ononis spinosa, Sca- biosa columbaria, Eryngium amethystinum, Ziziphora gra- natensis subsp. alpina, Clinopodium vulgare, Dorycnium pentaphyllum, Blackstonia perfoliata and Carthamus lana- tus). The community differs from the Campanulo glomer- atae-Cynosuretum cristati association, described by Ubaldi et al. (1987) by the absence of Campanula glomerata, Armeria canescens, Rumex acetosa, Taraxacum officinale, Geranium pyrenaicum, Cruciata laevipes, Helichtotrichon praetutianum, Scorzoneroides cichoraceus, Orchis mascula and Veronica serpyllifolia. This association is in serial contact with the beech for- ests of the association Solidagini-Fagetum sylvaticae (Ca- torci et al., 2008). Ranunculo neapolitani-Arrhenatheretum elatioris Allegrezza et Biondi 2011 ranunculetosum neapolitani Allegrezza et Biondi 2011 (cluster C, Table 4, rel. 12–23) Community of mesophilous hay-meadows with a dense sward, spread on alluvial substrates, physiognomically characterized by Arrhenatherum elatius, with a dominance of species of the class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea. The occur- rence of Ranunculus neapolitanus, Pastinaca sativa subsp. urens, and Achillea collina justifies a classification of the community in the Ranunculo neapolitani-Arrhenatherion elatioris alliance, while Holcus lanatus subsp. lanatus, Tra- gopogon pratensis subsp. orientalis, Salvia pratensis, Tri- folium campestre, Geranium dissectum, Galium mollugo, Trisetaria flavescens, Cynosurus cristatus, and Colchicum lusitanum are characteristic taxa of the Ranunculo neapoli- tani-Arrhenatheretum elatioris association with the typical subassociation ranunculetosum neapolitani. This community was described by Allegrezza & Biondi (2011), who referred to this subassociation the relevés carried out by Pedrotti (1963) and Venanzoni (1992) in the Nera and Velino basins. This community is in serial contact with the forests of the Aceri obtusati-Quercetum cerridis fagetosum sylvaticae sub-association (Catorci et al., 2008). Conclusion and conservation remarks The study presented here has highlighted how the sectors of the Sibillini National Park with non-calcareous sub- strates are essential for the implementation of the biodi- versity of the protected area. In fact, communities such as the arid ones with Achillea tomentosa or the formations dominated by Arrhenatherum elatius are not present on the carbonate mountains. The Nardus stricta-dominated grasslands are also extremely interesting, as they occur elsewhere only on small areas and probably with a par- tially different floristic composition. However, the gen- eral conservation status of such grasslands is rather low, at least as regards the Nardus stricta and the Achillea tomen- tosa vegetation types, which are no longer in agricultural land use and are therefore subject to species turnover and invasion by shrubs and pre-forest formations. Even the conservation status of the dwarf shurbland dominated by Calluna vulgaris, is very precarious, as they are fragment- ed formations rather than true heath formations. Finally, the contribution to the flora of the National Park is also relevant, as eight (8) new species have been discovered in addition to the approximately 2000 currently known (Ballelli et al., 2010). Tardella Federico Maria  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4319-9131 Pennesi Riccardo  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6145-5581 Panichella Tiziana  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3638-8110 Bricca Alessandro  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0202-6776 Catorci Andrea  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9012-7635 21/1 • 2022, 41–72 51 Ballelli et al. Non-calcareous grasslands of the Monti Sibillini National Park: coenological structure, syntaxonomy, ecology, and floristic aspects References Allegrezza, M., Ballelli, S., & Giammarchi, F. (2007). 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Journal of Vegetation Science, 23(3), 419-431. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654- 1103.2011.01366.x Appendix 1: Locality and data for each relevé Table 1 Rel.1-2: Sommità Monte Oialona (AP), 25/05/2015; Rel. 3-4: Sommità dei prati di Santa Maria in Pantano (AP), 25/05/2015; Rel.5-7: Monte Ceresa (AP), 21/07/2015; Rel. 8-10: Passo Galluccio (AP), 28/05/2015; Rel.11-12: Santa Maria in Pantano (AP), 29/06/2015; Rel.13: Santa Maria in Pantano (AP), 01/07/2015. Table 3 Rel.1-2: San Pietro d’Arli - Piana della Forcella (AP), 21/07/2015; Rel.3: Ponte d’Arli (AP), 21/07/2015; Rel.4: San Pietro d’Arli - Piana della Forcella  (AP), 21/07/2015; Rel.5-7: Montemonaco (AP), 04/07/2015; Rel.8-9: Rascio di Montemonaco (AP), 04/07/2015; Rel.10-11: Montemonaco (AP), 04/07/2015; Rel.12- 13: Bivio Monte Sibilla-Fraz. Collina (AP), 28/05/2015; Rel.14: Montemonaco, strada per Cese, 04/07/2015; Rel. 15: Colle Propezzano, 04/07/2015, Rel.16: Montemon- aco (AP), 06/06/2015; Rel. 17: Santa Maria in Pantano, 04/07/2015; Rel.18: Pretattoni, vicino strada per Mon- tefortino (FM), 28/05/2015; Rel.19: Montemonaco per Vallefiume (AP), 28/05/2015. Table 4 Rel.1: Santa Maria in Pantano (AP), 29/06/2015; Rel.2- 3: Santa Maria in Pantano (AP), 01/07/2015; Rel.4-7: Santa Maria in Pantano (AP), 29/06/2015; Rel.8-11: Santa Maria in Pantano (AP), 01/07/2015; Rel.12-14: Balzo di Montegallo (AP), 24/05/2015; Rel.15-21: Abeti- to-frazione di Montegallo (AP), 24/05/2015; Rel.22-23. Balzo di Montegallo (AP), 24/05/2015. Supplementary material on-line Table S1 – List of taxa of conservation interest in the study area. Table S2 – Chorological spectrum of taxa at the species and subspecies level found in the study area. Table S3 – Descriptive statistics. Table S4 – List of constant species associated to each cluster of Figure 2. Table S5 – List of the diagnostic species resulting from Indicator species analysis associated to each cluster of Figure 2. 21/1 • 2022, 41–72 56 Ballelli et al. Non-calcareous grasslands of the Monti Sibillini National Park: coenological structure, syntaxonomy, ecology, and floristic aspects Relevé number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Relevé number in Figure 2 2 3 4 5 44 42 43 53 54 55 11 12 19 O cc ur re nc es Fr eq ue nc yAltitude (m a.s.l) 1120 1125 1127 1130 1375 1380 1380 1275 1195 1205 1210 1220 1180 Aspect 0 0 45 45 90 180 180 135 135 135 112,5 180 0 Slope (°) 1 1 5 5 35 25 1 10 25 25 5 22,5 5 Surface (mq) 3 4 20 20 70 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 30 Coverage (%) 100 100 98 98 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Calluna vulgaris community and higher syntaxa Calluna vulgaris 3 4 4 4 . . . . . . . . . 4 30,8 Vaccinium myrtillus 1 1 + + . . . . . . . . . 4 30,8 Erica scoparia subsp. scoparia 2 . 1 . . . . . . . . . . 2 15,4 Char. species of the Campanulo micranthae-Nardetum strictae ass. and nardetosum strictae subass. Nardus stricta 2 1 1 1 4 3 4 3 4 4 2 3 4 13 100,0 Luzula multiflora subsp. multiflora . . . . + + + 1 2 2 1 1 + 9 69,2 Agrostis capillaris subsp. capillaris . . . . 2 2 1 + . . . 1 1 6 46,2 Cynosurus cristatus . . . . . . . + + + 1 2 1 6 46,2 Campanula micrantha . . . . 2 1 1 + . . . . . 4 30,8 Silene ciliata subsp. graefferi . . . . . + . . . . . . . 1 7,7 Species of Ranunculo pollinensis-Nardion strictae all. Potentilla rigoana . . . . + 1 1 + + + . . . 6 46,2 Ranunculus pollinensis . . . . . . . 1 + + + + . 5 38,5 Ranunculus apenninus . . . . . . . . . . + 1 . 2 15,4 Species of Nardetalia strictae ord. and Nardetea strictae class Genista sagittalis . . . . 1 1 1 3 3 3 . 1 1 8 61,5 Festuca rubra group . . . . . 2 . 2 3 3 + 2 1 7 53,8 Danthonia decumbens subsp. decumbens . . . . 2 1 1 . . . 1 1 1 6 46,2 Potentilla erecta . . . . 1 1 1 . . . 1 1 1 6 46,2 Polygala vulgaris . . . . . . . 1 + 1 1 1 + 6 46,2 Viola canina . . . . + . . 1 + . + + . 5 38,5 Rumex nebroides . . . . + + + . . . . . . 3 23,1 Dianthus hyssopifolius . . . . 2 1 1 . . . . . . 3 23,1 Avenella flexuosa subsp. flexuosa . . . . + + + . . . . . . 3 23,1 Bellardiochloa variegata subsp. variegata . . . . . + 1 . . . . . . 2 15,4 Carex pallescens . . . . . . . . . . 2 . + 2 15,4 Luzula campestris subsp. campestris . . . . . . . . . . . + . 1 7,7 Coeloglossum viride . . . . . . . + . . . . . 1 7,7 Veronica officinalis . . . . + . . . . . . . . 1 7,7 Poa alpina subsp. alpina . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . 1 7,7 Species of Festuco-Brometea class Brachypodium rupestre . + . + 4 4 3 . + 1 1 1 + 10 76,9 Helianthemum nummularium subsp. obscurum . . . . 2 2 2 + 2 2 + 1 1 9 69,2 Trifolium montanum subsp. rupestre . . . . + 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 9 69,2 Bromopsis erecta subsp. erecta . . . . + 1 1 3 3 3 2 . + 8 61,5 Carex caryophyllea . . . . + . + + 1 1 1 1 1 8 61,5 Thesium linophyllon . . . . + + + 1 . 1 + + + 8 61,5 Cerastium arvense subsp. suffruticosum . . . . . . + + 2 2 + + + 7 53,8 Briza media . . . . . . + + + + + 1 + 7 53,8 Scabiosa columbaria . . . . . + + + . + r + + 7 53,8 Knautia calycina . . . . . . . 1 + 1 + + + 6 46,2 Campanula glomerata . . . . + + 1 . + + r . . 6 46,2 Table 1: Dwarf shrub and herbaceous communities of the Calluno-Ulicetea and Nardetea strictae classes. Tabela 1: Grmiščne in zeliščne združbe razredov Calluno-Ulicetea in Nardetea strictae. 21/1 • 2022, 41–72 57 Ballelli et al. Non-calcareous grasslands of the Monti Sibillini National Park: coenological structure, syntaxonomy, ecology, and floristic aspects Relevé number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Galium verum . . . . + . . + . . 1 + + 5 38,5 Phyteuma orbiculare . . . . . . . 1 + + . + + 5 38,5 Thymus moesiacus . . . . . . . + 1 2 + . . 4 30,8 Ranunculus polyanthemophyllus . . . . . . . 1 + + . . + 4 30,8 Linum catharticum subsp. catharticum . . . . . . . + . . + + + 4 30,8 Viola eugeniae . . . . . . . + + + . . + 4 30,8 Ornithogalum comosum . . . . . . . r + + + . . 4 30,8 Centaurea jacea subsp. gaudinii . . . . . . . + . . 2 . 1 3 23,1 Podospermum purpureum . . . . . . . 2 1 + . . . 3 23,1 Festuca circummediterranea . . . . 1 1 + . . . . . . 3 23,1 Senecio scopolii subsp. floccosus . . . . . 1 1 . + . . . . 3 23,1 Hippocrepis comosa subsp. comosa . . . . . . . + 1 + . . . 3 23,1 Anacamptis morio . . . . . . . + + + . . . 3 23,1 Centaurea triumfettii . . . . . + . . + + . . . 3 23,1 Dianthus carthusianorum . . . . . . . + + + . . . 3 23,1 Muscari neglectum . . . . . . . + + + . . . 3 23,1 Poterium sanguisorba subsp. balearicum . . . . . . . + + + . . . 3 23,1 Thymus longicaulis subsp. longicaulis . . . . + + + . . . . . . 3 23,1 Saxifraga bulbifera . . . . . . . . + + r . . 3 23,1 Festuca inops . . . . 2 . 2 . . . . . . 2 15,4 Astragalus danicus . . . . . . . . 1 + . . . 2 15,4 Trifolium ochroleucon . . . . . . . . . . . 1 + 2 15,4 Dactylorhiza sambucina . . . . . . . + . + . . . 2 15,4 Eryngium amethystinum . . . . . . . + + . . . . 2 15,4 Koeleria splendens . . . . . . . . + + . . . 2 15,4 Carlina acanthifolia . . . . . + . r . . . . . 2 15,4 Crocus neglectus . . . . . . . r + . . . . 2 15,4 Pentanema hirtum . . . . . . . . r + . . . 2 15,4 Allium sphaerocephalon . . . . . . . . . . + . . 1 7,7 Bupleurum falcatum subsp. cernuum . . . . . + . . . . . . . 1 7,7 Carex flacca subsp. erythrostachys . . . . . . . . . . + . . 1 7,7 Euphrasia stricta . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 7,7 Filipendula vulgaris . . . . . . . . . . + . . 1 7,7 Gentiana verna . . . . . . . . . + . . . 1 7,7 Ononis spinosa . . . . . . . . . . . + . 1 7,7 Salvia pratensis . . . . . . . . + . . . . 1 7,7 Neotinea ustulata . . . . . . . . . . r . . 1 7,7 Neottia ovata . . . . . . . r . . . . . 1 7,7 Prunella laciniata . . . . . . . . . r . . . 1 7,7 Anthillis vulneraria subsp.rubriflora . . . . . . . . . r . . . 1 7,7 Ingr. species from Molinio-Arrhenatheretea class Leontodon hispidus . . . . + + . 2 2 2 1 1 1 8 61,5 Dactylis glomerata subsp. glomerata . 1 + + . + + + + . . . . 7 53,8 Anthoxanthum odoratum . . . . + . . 2 1 2 1 1 + 7 53,8 Trifolium pratense subsp. pratense . . . . . + + + 1 2 . 1 1 7 53,8 Tragopogon pratensis . . . . . . + + + + + + + 7 53,8 Holcus lanatus subsp. lanatus . . . . . . . + + + 1 2 2 6 46,2 Rumex acetosa subsp. acetosa . . . . . . . 1 1 + 1 1 1 6 46,2 Lotus corniculatus . . . . + . + + + + + . . 6 46,2 Plantago lanceolata . . . . . . . + + + + + + 6 46,2 Gymnadenia conopsea . . . . . . . + . + + + + 5 38,5 Ranunculus acris . . . . + + + . . . r . + 5 38,5 21/1 • 2022, 41–72 58 Ballelli et al. Non-calcareous grasslands of the Monti Sibillini National Park: coenological structure, syntaxonomy, ecology, and floristic aspects Relevé number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Narcissus poëticus . . . . . . . + + + + . . 4 30,8 Rhinanthus alectorolophus . . . . . . . 2 . . . 1 1 3 23,1 Carex distans . . . . . . . . . . + + . 2 15,4 Cerastium holosteoides . . . . . . . . + + . . . 2 15,4 Plantago media . . . . . + . . . + . . . 2 15,4 Carex hirta . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . 1 7,7 Centaurea nigrescens . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . 1 7,7 Lathyrus pratensis . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . 1 7,7 Primula veris subsp. columnae . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . 1 7,7 Rhinanthus minor . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 7,7 Achillea millefolium . . . . . + . . . . . . . 1 7,7 Colchicum lusitanum . . . . . . . . . . . + . 1 7,7 Daucus carota . . . . . . . . . . . + . 1 7,7 Leucanthemum vulgare subsp. vulgare . . . . . . . . . . . + . 1 7,7 Lolium arundinaceum subsp. arundinaceum . . . . . . . . . . + . . 1 7,7 Lychnis flos-cuculi subsp. flos-cuculi . . . . . . . . . . + . . 1 7,7 Onobrychis viciifolia . . . . . . . . . + . . . 1 7,7 Pedicularis hoermanniana . . . . . . . + . . . . . 1 7,7 Poa trivialis . . . . . . . . . . + . . 1 7,7 Trifolium dubium . . . . . . . . . . + . . 1 7,7 Ingr. species from Elyno-Seslerietea class Galium anisophyllon . . . . . . . 1 + + + 1 + 6 46,2 Carlina acaulis subsp. caulescens . . . . + + + + + + . . . 6 46,2 Helictochloa praetutiana subsp. praetutiana . . . . . . . 1 1 1 + + . 5 38,5 Senecio apenninus . . . . . + + 2 1 . . . . 4 30,8 Carex macrolepis . . . . . . . + . . . . . 1 7,7 Gentiana utriculosa . . . . . . . + . . . . . 1 7,7 Gentiana lutea . . . . . . . r . . . . . 1 7,7 Companion species Cruciata glabra . . . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 + + 1 9 69,2 Alchemilla sp. . . . . . + + 1 + + 1 . + 7 53,8 Trifolium alpestre . . . . + 1 1 1 + . . + . 6 46,2 Betonica officinalis . . . . + . . r r + . + + 6 46,2 Asphodelus macrocarpus subsp. macrocarpus . . . . 2 3 3 . + . + . . 5 38,5 Genista tinctoria . . . . . + . + . . 1 2 1 5 38,5 Veronica chamaedrys . . . . + + + + + . . . . 5 38,5 Campanula rapunculus . . . . . . . + + + . + + 5 38,5 Oreoselinum nigrum . + . . . . . 3 + . + . . 4 30,8 Grafia golaka + + . . . . . . . . + . 2 4 30,8 Arabis hirsuta . . . . . + + + . + . . . 4 30,8 Scorzoneroides cichoriacea . . . . . . . + + + . . + 4 30,8 Pilosella officinarum . . . . . . . . r + . + + 4 30,8 Silene nutans . . . . . . . r + 1 . . . 3 23,1 Ajuga reptans . . . . . . . + + + . . . 3 23,1 Silene italica . . . . + + + . . . . . . 3 23,1 Galium mollugo . . . . + + . . r . . . . 3 23,1 Laserpitium latifolium . . . . . . . r . . + + . 3 23,1 Bistorta vivipara . . . . . + + . . . . . . 2 15,4 Cirsium lobelii . . . . + . + . . . . . . 2 15,4 Dichoropetalum carvifolium-chabraei . . . . + + . . . . . . . 2 15,4 Malva alcea . . . . . + + . . . . . . 2 15,4 Populus tremula + + . . . . . . . . . . . 2 15,4 21/1 • 2022, 41–72 59 Ballelli et al. Non-calcareous grasslands of the Monti Sibillini National Park: coenological structure, syntaxonomy, ecology, and floristic aspects Relevé number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Pteridium aquilinum subsp. aquilinum . . . + . . . . + . . . . 2 15,4 Fagus sylvatica subsp. sylvatica . . r + . . . . . . . . . 2 15,4 Myosotis graui . . . . . . . . r + . . . 2 15,4 Platanthera bifolia . . . . . . . . . . r . + 2 15,4 Thalictrum aquilegiifolium subsp. aquilegiifolium . . . . + . . r . . . . . 2 15,4 Potentilla pedata r . . r . . . . . . . . . 2 15,4 Cytisus hirsutus . . + + . . . . . . . . . 2 15,4 Cephalanthera longifolia . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . 1 7,7 Anemonoides ranunculoides . . . . . . . . . + . . . 1 7,7 Castanea sativa . . . + . . . . . . . . . 1 7,7 Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. fuchsii . . . . . . . + . . . . . 1 7,7 Fragaria vesca subsp. vesca . . . . . . + . . . . . . 1 7,7 Geranium sanguineum . . . . + . . . . . . . . 1 7,7 Geum urbanum . . . . + . . . . . . . . 1 7,7 Juniperus communis . . + . . . . . . . . . . 1 7,7 Pyrus communis subsp. pyraster . . . + . . . . . . . . . 1 7,7 Quercus pubescens . . . + . . . . . . . . . 1 7,7 Rosa arvensis . . . . + . . . . . . . . 1 7,7 Vicia cracca . . . . . . . . . . + . . 1 7,7 Vicia sativa . . . . . . . . + . . . . 1 7,7 Malva moschata . . . . . . . r . . . . . 1 7,7 Orobanche gracilis . . . . . . . . . . r . . 1 7,7 Trifolium scabrum . . . . . . . . + . . . . 1 7,7 Table 2: Percent cover values of species grouped in phytosociological classes inside relevés clusters and sub-clusters highlighted by cluster analysis. Cluster/sub-cluster IDs refer to Figure 2. Tabela 2: Pokrovnost v odstotkih vrst združenih po fitocenoloških razredih v klastrih in podklastrih. Klastri in podklastri so enaki kot prikazani v sliki 2. CU – Calluno-Ulicetea; ES – Elyno-Seslerietea; FB – Festuco-Brometea; FO – Festuco hystricis-Ononidetea striatae; H – Helianthemetea guttati; LS – Lygeo sparti-Stipetea tenacissimae; MA – Molino-Arrhenatheretea; NS – Nardetea strictae; OR – Ononido-Rosmarinetea, SS – Sedo-Scleranthetea; ST – Stipo-Trachynietea. Cluster / sub-cluster ID FB-FO-ES MA NS CU LS-ST-H-OR-SS Companion species A 32,0 18,8 28,3 10,3 0,3 10,3 A1 0,3 0,0 8,4 87,5 1,4 2,4 A2 36,2 21,3 30,9 0,0 0,1 11,3 B 50,5 6,6 0,0 0,0 33,1 9,7 B1 41,1 6,6 0,0 0,0 36,5 15,1 B2 49,1 4,5 0,0 0,0 37,7 8,7 B3 56,7 8,2 0,0 0,0 27,5 7,5 C 14,2 72,4 0,9 0,0 2,7 9,8 C1 0,3 95,1 2,7 0,0 0,9 1,0 C2 25,1 67,3 1,5 0,0 2,6 3,5 C3 7,4 72,2 0,0 0,0 3,2 17,2 21/1 • 2022, 41–72 60 Ballelli et al. Non-calcareous grasslands of the Monti Sibillini National Park: coenological structure, syntaxonomy, ecology, and floristic aspects Re le vé n um be r 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Re le vé n um be r i n Fi gu re 2 46 47 45 48 34 35 36 40 41 37 38 51 52 32 39 1 33 49 50 Occurrences Frequency Al tit ud e (m a .s. l.) 71 0 70 0 70 0 73 0 52 0 54 0 58 0 70 0 74 0 66 0 68 0 98 0 98 5 80 0 95 0 90 0 80 0 64 0 91 3 As pe ct 90 11 2, 5 90 45 18 0 18 0 18 0 18 0 90 18 0 18 0 13 5 22 ,5 18 0 18 0 18 0 18 0 13 5 13 5 Sl op e (°) 2 2 20 10 20 20 20 30 35 20 10 25 25 15 35 30 5 25 20 Su rfa ce (m q) 50 50 50 60 20 0 20 0 20 0 20 0 20 0 20 0 20 0 10 0 10 0 20 0 20 0 20 0 20 0 50 10 0 C ov er ag e (% ) 70 90 80 80 95 90 90 90 95 95 95 95 85 90 98 10 0 90 80 90 Ac hi lle a to m en to sa a nd T ri go ne lla su lc at a co m m un it y Br ac hy po di um ru pe str e 2 2 + 1 + . . + + + . + + + + 1 1 . . 14 73 ,7 Aj ug a ch am ae pi ty s 2 1 1 + . + + . + + . r . + + + + . . 13 68 ,4 Pe tro rh ag ia sa xi fra ga 2 + 2 2 . . 1 + + . . + + + 1 . . . + 12 63 ,2 Sa bu lin a m ed ite rr an ea + + 1 1 . . . + + . . r 1 + + . + . . 11 57 ,9 Tr ig on ell a su lca ta 1 1 2 3 . . . + + . . 1 . . 1 + . 1 . 10 52 ,6 O do nt ite s l ut eu s + + + 1 + . . . + . . . . + + . + r . 10 52 ,6 Al liu m sp ha er oc ep ha lo n + + 1 2 . . . . 1 + + . r . 1 . . . . 9 47 ,4 Tr ifo liu m a ng us tif ol iu m su bs p. a ng us tif ol iu m 1 2 + . + . + . . + + . . . . . + . . 8 42 ,1 Ar en ar ia le pt oc la do s s ub sp . l ep to cla do s 1 1 + 2 . . . . . . . + . . + . . + . 7 36 ,8 O no ni s r ec lin at a 1 1 1 + . . . . . . . . . 1 + . . r . 7 36 ,8 Ph leu m h irs ut um su bs p. a m bi gu um 1 1 + 1 . . . . . . . 1 + . + . . . . 7 36 ,8 Sa bu lin a te nu ifo lia + + + + . . . . . . . + + . . . + . . 7 36 ,8 G al iu m co rr ud ifo liu m + . 1 + . . . . . . . + + + . + . . . 7 36 ,8 M icr om er ia g ra ec a + + + 1 . . . . . . . . . . + . . 1 . 6 31 ,6 Tr ifo liu m a rv en se + 3 1 . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . + 5 26 ,3 Si xa lix a tro pu rp ur ea 2 + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + 5 26 ,3 Li nu m st ric tu m + + + . . + . . . . . . . . + . . . . 5 26 ,3 C ho nd ril la ju nc ea + 1 + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 21 ,1 Te uc riu m ca pi ta tu m su bs p. ca pi ta tu m 1 . 1 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 4 21 ,1 C ar du us n ut an s + + + . . . . . . . . r . . . . . . . 4 21 ,1 D au cu s c ar ot a + + + . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . 4 21 ,1 Av en a ba rb at a + + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 15 ,8 C en ta ur ea d eu sta + + 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 15 ,8 D ac ty lo rh iz a sa m bu cin a + + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 15 ,8 St ac hy s r ec ta . . + 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 10 ,5 Ve ro ni ca o rsi ni an a . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 10 ,5 B ro m op si s e re ct a an d Ac hi lle a to m en to sa c om m un it y Br om op sis er ec ta su bs p. er ec ta + 1 1 3 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 19 10 0, 0 Ac hi lle a to m en to sa 2 3 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 + 1 2 2 2 19 10 0, 0 C ar ex ca ry op hy lle a + . + . 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 + . 1 + . 1 15 78 ,9 Se du m se xa ng ul ar e . . . . + + 1 + 1 + + 3 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 14 73 ,7 Li nu m ca th ar tic um . . . . + 1 . . + 1 . + + 1 + + 1 + + 12 63 ,2 Th ym us m oe sia cu s . . . . 1 1 . + . + 1 1 1 . . 1 2 1 1 11 57 ,9 B ro m op si s e re ct a an d Ac hi lle a to m en to sa c om m un it y w it h B ra ch yp od iu m d is ta ch yo n Br ac hy po di um d ist ac hy on . . . . 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 . . . 1 . . . . 8 42 ,1 Eu ph or bi a ex ig ua su bs p. ex ig ua . . . . + 1 1 + + + 1 . . . . . . . . 7 36 ,8 Br iz a m in or . . . . + + + 1 . 1 + . . . . + . . . 7 36 ,8 G as tri di um v en tri co su m . . . . + + 1 1 + + + . . . . . . . . 7 36 ,8 C re pi s n eg lec ta . . . . 1 + + + . 1 . . . . . 1 . . . 6 31 ,6 G al iu m p ar isi en se . . . . + . + 1 + + . . . . . . . . . 5 26 ,3 H eli an th em um sa lic ifo liu m . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 Sp ec ie s o f p hy to so ci ol og ic al c la ss o f F es tu co -B ro m et ea Po te riu m sa ng ui so rb a su bs p. b al ea ric um + 1 1 1 2 . 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 + 1 . 1 17 89 ,5 Ar te m isi a al ba . + + + 1 1 + 2 2 + 2 1 . 1 2 1 . 2 + 16 84 ,2 Tr ifo liu m ca m pe str e 1 1 . + 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 + . 1 + . + 16 84 ,2 H eli an th em um n um m ul ar iu m su bs p. o bs cu ru m . . + 1 1 1 1 . . 1 + + 1 1 + + 1 2 + 15 78 ,9 As pe ru la p ur pu re a 1 . 2 1 2 . . + + . + 1 1 1 1 r 1 + . 14 73 ,7 Er yn gi um a m et hy sti nu m + . + + + + + . + . + + 1 + + 2 + . . 14 73 ,7 Te uc riu m ch am ae dr ys . . + 1 + . + 1 + . . + + . 1 1 + 2 1 13 68 ,4 C er as tiu m a rv en se su bs p. su ffr ut ico su m . . + 1 . . . + + . . 1 1 + + . + + r 11 57 ,9 M us ca ri ne gl ec tu m . . + + . . . + + + + 1 1 + + . . . + 11 57 ,9 Al liu m v in ea le . . . . 1 1 1 + + 1 1 . . + + . + . . 10 52 ,6 An ac am pt is co rio ph or a . . . . + + + + + + + . . . + r . . . 9 47 ,4 An ac am pt is py ra m id al is . . . . . . . . + + + 1 1 + . r + . . 8 42 ,1 H ip po cr ep is co m os a su bs p. co m os a . . . . 1 . . . + . . + 1 . . 1 . 2 + 7 36 ,8 M ed ica go fa lca ta su bs p. fa lca ta . 2 . 1 . . + . . . + . . + + . + . . 7 36 ,8 D ia nt hu s l on gi ca ul is . . + + . . . + + . . . . 1 + . + . . 7 36 ,8 O no ni s s pi no sa . . . . + . . + . . + + + + + . . . . 7 36 ,8 O ph ry s h ol os er ice a su bs p. h ol os er ice a . . . . + + . . + . . + + . + r . . . 7 36 ,8 An th ill is vu ln er ar ia su bs p. ru br ifl or a . . + . . . . . . . . 2 + . + + + . + 7 36 ,8 Pr un ell a la cin ia ta . . . . + . . 1 + 1 1 . . . . . + . . 6 31 ,6 N eo tti a ov at a . . . . + + 1 . . + 1 . . . + . . . . 6 31 ,6 C ar ex fl ac ca su bs p. er yt hr os ta ch ys . . . . . . . + + + . . 1 . . + . + . 6 31 ,6 Ta bl e 3: H er ba ce ou s c om m un iti es o f t he F est uc o- Br om et ea c la ss . Ta be la 3 : Z el išč ne zd ru žb e ra zr ed a Fe stu co -B ro m et ea . 21/1 • 2022, 41–72 61 Ballelli et al. Non-calcareous grasslands of the Monti Sibillini National Park: coenological structure, syntaxonomy, ecology, and floristic aspects Re le vé n um be r 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Re le vé n um be r i n Fi gu re 2 46 47 45 48 34 35 36 40 41 37 38 51 52 32 39 1 33 49 50 Occurrences Frequency Al tit ud e (m a .s. l.) 71 0 70 0 70 0 73 0 52 0 54 0 58 0 70 0 74 0 66 0 68 0 98 0 98 5 80 0 95 0 90 0 80 0 64 0 91 3 As pe ct 90 11 2, 5 90 45 18 0 18 0 18 0 18 0 90 18 0 18 0 13 5 22 ,5 18 0 18 0 18 0 18 0 13 5 13 5 Sl op e (°) 2 2 20 10 20 20 20 30 35 20 10 25 25 15 35 30 5 25 20 Su rfa ce (m q) 50 50 50 60 20 0 20 0 20 0 20 0 20 0 20 0 20 0 10 0 10 0 20 0 20 0 20 0 20 0 50 10 0 C ov er ag e (% ) 70 90 80 80 95 90 90 90 95 95 95 95 85 90 98 10 0 90 80 90 Ac hi lle a to m en to sa a nd T ri go ne lla su lc at a co m m un it y Br ac hy po di um ru pe str e 2 2 + 1 + . . + + + . + + + + 1 1 . . 14 73 ,7 Aj ug a ch am ae pi ty s 2 1 1 + . + + . + + . r . + + + + . . 13 68 ,4 Pe tro rh ag ia sa xi fra ga 2 + 2 2 . . 1 + + . . + + + 1 . . . + 12 63 ,2 Sa bu lin a m ed ite rr an ea + + 1 1 . . . + + . . r 1 + + . + . . 11 57 ,9 Tr ig on ell a su lca ta 1 1 2 3 . . . + + . . 1 . . 1 + . 1 . 10 52 ,6 O do nt ite s l ut eu s + + + 1 + . . . + . . . . + + . + r . 10 52 ,6 Al liu m sp ha er oc ep ha lo n + + 1 2 . . . . 1 + + . r . 1 . . . . 9 47 ,4 Tr ifo liu m a ng us tif ol iu m su bs p. a ng us tif ol iu m 1 2 + . + . + . . + + . . . . . + . . 8 42 ,1 Ar en ar ia le pt oc la do s s ub sp . l ep to cla do s 1 1 + 2 . . . . . . . + . . + . . + . 7 36 ,8 O no ni s r ec lin at a 1 1 1 + . . . . . . . . . 1 + . . r . 7 36 ,8 Ph leu m h irs ut um su bs p. a m bi gu um 1 1 + 1 . . . . . . . 1 + . + . . . . 7 36 ,8 Sa bu lin a te nu ifo lia + + + + . . . . . . . + + . . . + . . 7 36 ,8 G al iu m co rr ud ifo liu m + . 1 + . . . . . . . + + + . + . . . 7 36 ,8 M icr om er ia g ra ec a + + + 1 . . . . . . . . . . + . . 1 . 6 31 ,6 Tr ifo liu m a rv en se + 3 1 . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . + 5 26 ,3 Si xa lix a tro pu rp ur ea 2 + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + 5 26 ,3 Li nu m st ric tu m + + + . . + . . . . . . . . + . . . . 5 26 ,3 C ho nd ril la ju nc ea + 1 + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 21 ,1 Te uc riu m ca pi ta tu m su bs p. ca pi ta tu m 1 . 1 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 4 21 ,1 C ar du us n ut an s + + + . . . . . . . . r . . . . . . . 4 21 ,1 D au cu s c ar ot a + + + . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . 4 21 ,1 Av en a ba rb at a + + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 15 ,8 C en ta ur ea d eu sta + + 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 15 ,8 D ac ty lo rh iz a sa m bu cin a + + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 15 ,8 St ac hy s r ec ta . . + 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 10 ,5 Ve ro ni ca o rsi ni an a . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 10 ,5 B ro m op si s e re ct a an d Ac hi lle a to m en to sa c om m un it y Br om op sis er ec ta su bs p. er ec ta + 1 1 3 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 19 10 0, 0 Ac hi lle a to m en to sa 2 3 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 + 1 2 2 2 19 10 0, 0 C ar ex ca ry op hy lle a + . + . 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 + . 1 + . 1 15 78 ,9 Se du m se xa ng ul ar e . . . . + + 1 + 1 + + 3 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 14 73 ,7 Li nu m ca th ar tic um . . . . + 1 . . + 1 . + + 1 + + 1 + + 12 63 ,2 Th ym us m oe sia cu s . . . . 1 1 . + . + 1 1 1 . . 1 2 1 1 11 57 ,9 B ro m op si s e re ct a an d Ac hi lle a to m en to sa c om m un it y w it h B ra ch yp od iu m d is ta ch yo n Br ac hy po di um d ist ac hy on . . . . 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 . . . 1 . . . . 8 42 ,1 Eu ph or bi a ex ig ua su bs p. ex ig ua . . . . + 1 1 + + + 1 . . . . . . . . 7 36 ,8 Br iz a m in or . . . . + + + 1 . 1 + . . . . + . . . 7 36 ,8 G as tri di um v en tri co su m . . . . + + 1 1 + + + . . . . . . . . 7 36 ,8 C re pi s n eg lec ta . . . . 1 + + + . 1 . . . . . 1 . . . 6 31 ,6 G al iu m p ar isi en se . . . . + . + 1 + + . . . . . . . . . 5 26 ,3 H eli an th em um sa lic ifo liu m . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 Sp ec ie s o f p hy to so ci ol og ic al c la ss o f F es tu co -B ro m et ea Po te riu m sa ng ui so rb a su bs p. b al ea ric um + 1 1 1 2 . 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 + 1 . 1 17 89 ,5 Ar te m isi a al ba . + + + 1 1 + 2 2 + 2 1 . 1 2 1 . 2 + 16 84 ,2 Tr ifo liu m ca m pe str e 1 1 . + 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 + . 1 + . + 16 84 ,2 H eli an th em um n um m ul ar iu m su bs p. o bs cu ru m . . + 1 1 1 1 . . 1 + + 1 1 + + 1 2 + 15 78 ,9 As pe ru la p ur pu re a 1 . 2 1 2 . . + + . + 1 1 1 1 r 1 + . 14 73 ,7 Er yn gi um a m et hy sti nu m + . + + + + + . + . + + 1 + + 2 + . . 14 73 ,7 Te uc riu m ch am ae dr ys . . + 1 + . + 1 + . . + + . 1 1 + 2 1 13 68 ,4 C er as tiu m a rv en se su bs p. su ffr ut ico su m . . + 1 . . . + + . . 1 1 + + . + + r 11 57 ,9 M us ca ri ne gl ec tu m . . + + . . . + + + + 1 1 + + . . . + 11 57 ,9 Al liu m v in ea le . . . . 1 1 1 + + 1 1 . . + + . + . . 10 52 ,6 An ac am pt is co rio ph or a . . . . + + + + + + + . . . + r . . . 9 47 ,4 An ac am pt is py ra m id al is . . . . . . . . + + + 1 1 + . r + . . 8 42 ,1 H ip po cr ep is co m os a su bs p. co m os a . . . . 1 . . . + . . + 1 . . 1 . 2 + 7 36 ,8 M ed ica go fa lca ta su bs p. fa lca ta . 2 . 1 . . + . . . + . . + + . + . . 7 36 ,8 D ia nt hu s l on gi ca ul is . . + + . . . + + . . . . 1 + . + . . 7 36 ,8 O no ni s s pi no sa . . . . + . . + . . + + + + + . . . . 7 36 ,8 O ph ry s h ol os er ice a su bs p. h ol os er ice a . . . . + + . . + . . + + . + r . . . 7 36 ,8 An th ill is vu ln er ar ia su bs p. ru br ifl or a . . + . . . . . . . . 2 + . + + + . + 7 36 ,8 Pr un ell a la cin ia ta . . . . + . . 1 + 1 1 . . . . . + . . 6 31 ,6 N eo tti a ov at a . . . . + + 1 . . + 1 . . . + . . . . 6 31 ,6 C ar ex fl ac ca su bs p. er yt hr os ta ch ys . . . . . . . + + + . . 1 . . + . + . 6 31 ,6 21/1 • 2022, 41–72 62 Ballelli et al. Non-calcareous grasslands of the Monti Sibillini National Park: coenological structure, syntaxonomy, ecology, and floristic aspects Re le vé n um be r 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 M us ca ri co m os um . . . . . . . + . . + . . + + r . . 1 6 31 ,6 Po lyg al a ni ca ee ns is . . . . + + . . . . . . . . + r + + . 6 31 ,6 Ko ele ria sp len de ns . . . . . . . + + . . . 2 . + . + . . 5 26 ,3 Pi lo sel la p ilo sel lo id es . . . . + + + . . . + . . . . 1 . . . 5 26 ,3 C en ta ur ea ja ce a su bs p. g au di ni i . . + . + . . . . . . . r . . + 1 . . 5 26 ,3 G lo bu la ria b isn ag ar ica . . . . + + . + 1 . . . . . . r . . . 5 26 ,3 Bu pl eu ru m b al de ns e . . + + . . . . . . . . r + + . . . . 5 26 ,3 Eu ph ra sia st ric ta . . . . + + . . + . + r . . . . . . . 5 26 ,3 Fe stu ca ci rc um m ed ite rr an ea . . . + . . . . . . . . 1 . . 1 1 . . 4 21 ,1 An ac am pt is m or io . . . . . . . . . . . 1 + . . . . + + 4 21 ,1 Va ler ia ne lla sp . . . . . . . . 1 . . . r . . . r . . + 4 21 ,1 C lin op od iu m n ep et a + + . . . . . . . . . + . . . . + . . 4 21 ,1 Li nu m te nu ifo liu m . . . + . . . . . . . . + . . . + + . 4 21 ,1 Th ym us lo ng ica ul is su bs p. lo ng ica ul is . . + + . . . . + . . . . . + . . . . 4 21 ,1 Le on to do n ro sa no i . . 1 + . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . 3 15 ,8 O no ni s p us ill a su bs p. p us ill a . . 1 + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 15 ,8 Sc ab io sa co lu m ba ria . . . . + . + . . . . . . . . . 1 . . 3 15 ,8 Br om us h or de ac eu s . + . . + . + . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 15 ,8 O ph ry s f un er ea . . . . . . . . . . . r r . . . . r . 3 15 ,8 C en ta ur ea a m bi gu a . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . 2 10 ,5 C en ta ur iu m er yt hr ae a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . + 2 10 ,5 M eli ca ci lia ta + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 10 ,5 O ph ry s b er to lo ni i . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . 2 10 ,5 Sa bu lin a ve rn a . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . + . . 2 10 ,5 Br iz a m ed ia . . . . . . . . . . . r + . . . . . . 2 10 ,5 N eo tin ea tr id en ta ta . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . r . . . 2 10 ,5 Tr ifo liu m in ca rn at um  su bs p.  m ol in er ii . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . r 2 10 ,5 As tra ga lu s m on sp ess ul an us . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . 2 10 ,5 Le on to do n cr isp us . . . + . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . 2 10 ,5 O xy tro pi s p ilo sa su bs p. ca pu to i . . . 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 Fe stu ca in op s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . 1 5, 3 G lo bu la ria m er id io na lis . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 H eli an th em um o ela nd icu m su bs p. in ca nu m . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . 1 5, 3 M ed ica go lu pu lin a . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 O rc hi s a nt hr op op ho ra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . 1 5, 3 O rn ith og al um co m os um . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 Pe nt an em a m on ta nu m . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 Pl an ta go se m pe rv ire ns . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 Sa lv ia p ra te ns is . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 Sa xi fra ga b ul bi fer a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 5, 3 Se sle ria n iti da . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . 1 5, 3 N eo tin ea u stu la ta . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . . . . 1 5, 3 Se sel i t om m as in ii . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 Sp ec ie s o f S ti po -T ra ch yn ie te a di st ac hy ae a nd H el ia nt he m et ea g ut ta ti c la ss es Vu lp ia m yu ro s s ub sp . m yu ro s + . 1 1 1 1 1 + + 1 1 + . 1 + + + 1 2 17 89 ,5 Tr ifo liu m sc ab ru m 1 2 2 + 2 2 2 + 1 . 1 1 + 2 + . 1 . r 16 84 ,2 C at ap od iu m ri gi du m + . + 1 . . + + + . . r + + + . + r + 13 68 ,4 Br iz a m ax im a . + + . + + + + . . . 3 r 1 + 1 . . 3 12 63 ,2 Cy no su ru s e ch in at us + 1 . . . + + + . + . + + + . . + . + 11 57 ,9 Li nu m co ry m bu lo su m . + . . 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 . . + . . + . . 10 52 ,6 Ai ra el eg an tis sim a su bs p. el eg an tis sim a . 1 . . + + + . . + + 3 1 + . . . . 1 10 52 ,6 Sh er ar di a ar ve ns is . . . . . + . + . . . + + . + r . + + 8 42 ,1 Po a bu lb os a su bs p. b ul bo sa . . . 1 . . . . . . . . 1 + + . + 2 1 7 36 ,8 Fu m an a pr oc um be ns . . . + . . . . + . . . . + + r 1 + . 7 36 ,8 M ed ica go m in im a . . . . . + . . + . . + + + . 1 . r . 7 36 ,8 St ac hy s r om an a . . + . + . + . + + . . . + + . . . . 7 36 ,8 Se ra pi as li ng ua . . . . . . . . . . + + + . . r . . 2 5 26 ,3 Tu be ra ria g ut ta ta . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . + + . . . 1 4 21 ,1 Fi la go p yr am id at a + + . . . + 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 21 ,1 O no br yc hi s c ap ut -g al li . . + . . . + . . . . . . + . . . 1 . 4 21 ,1 Ar en ar ia se rp yll ifo lia su bs p. se rp yll ifo lia . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . + . + 4 21 ,1 C or on ill a sco rp io id es . . + . . . . . + . . + . . . r . . . 4 21 ,1 Av ell in ia fe stu co id es . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . + 3 15 ,8 G al iu m d iv ar ica tu m + . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . 3 15 ,8 Si len e g al lic a . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . r . . . 2 10 ,5 Bo m by cil ae na er ec ta . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . 2 10 ,5 C er as tiu m b ra ch yp et al um su bs p. ro ese ri . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 2 10 ,5 Lo gfi a ga lli ca + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 10 ,5 M yo so tis ra m os iss im a su bs p. ra m os iss im a . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . . . . + 2 10 ,5 Sa xi fra ga tr id ac ty lit es . . . . . . . . . . . r + . . . . . . 2 10 ,5 Ai ra ca ry op hy lle a . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 H or nu ng ia p et ra ea su bs p. p et ra ea . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . 1 5, 3 La th yr us sp ha er icu s . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . 1 5, 3 21/1 • 2022, 41–72 63 Ballelli et al. Non-calcareous grasslands of the Monti Sibillini National Park: coenological structure, syntaxonomy, ecology, and floristic aspects Re le vé n um be r 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 M us ca ri co m os um . . . . . . . + . . + . . + + r . . 1 6 31 ,6 Po lyg al a ni ca ee ns is . . . . + + . . . . . . . . + r + + . 6 31 ,6 Ko ele ria sp len de ns . . . . . . . + + . . . 2 . + . + . . 5 26 ,3 Pi lo sel la p ilo sel lo id es . . . . + + + . . . + . . . . 1 . . . 5 26 ,3 C en ta ur ea ja ce a su bs p. g au di ni i . . + . + . . . . . . . r . . + 1 . . 5 26 ,3 G lo bu la ria b isn ag ar ica . . . . + + . + 1 . . . . . . r . . . 5 26 ,3 Bu pl eu ru m b al de ns e . . + + . . . . . . . . r + + . . . . 5 26 ,3 Eu ph ra sia st ric ta . . . . + + . . + . + r . . . . . . . 5 26 ,3 Fe stu ca ci rc um m ed ite rr an ea . . . + . . . . . . . . 1 . . 1 1 . . 4 21 ,1 An ac am pt is m or io . . . . . . . . . . . 1 + . . . . + + 4 21 ,1 Va ler ia ne lla sp . . . . . . . . 1 . . . r . . . r . . + 4 21 ,1 C lin op od iu m n ep et a + + . . . . . . . . . + . . . . + . . 4 21 ,1 Li nu m te nu ifo liu m . . . + . . . . . . . . + . . . + + . 4 21 ,1 Th ym us lo ng ica ul is su bs p. lo ng ica ul is . . + + . . . . + . . . . . + . . . . 4 21 ,1 Le on to do n ro sa no i . . 1 + . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . 3 15 ,8 O no ni s p us ill a su bs p. p us ill a . . 1 + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 15 ,8 Sc ab io sa co lu m ba ria . . . . + . + . . . . . . . . . 1 . . 3 15 ,8 Br om us h or de ac eu s . + . . + . + . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 15 ,8 O ph ry s f un er ea . . . . . . . . . . . r r . . . . r . 3 15 ,8 C en ta ur ea a m bi gu a . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . 2 10 ,5 C en ta ur iu m er yt hr ae a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . + 2 10 ,5 M eli ca ci lia ta + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 10 ,5 O ph ry s b er to lo ni i . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . 2 10 ,5 Sa bu lin a ve rn a . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . + . . 2 10 ,5 Br iz a m ed ia . . . . . . . . . . . r + . . . . . . 2 10 ,5 N eo tin ea tr id en ta ta . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . r . . . 2 10 ,5 Tr ifo liu m in ca rn at um  su bs p.  m ol in er ii . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . r 2 10 ,5 As tra ga lu s m on sp ess ul an us . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . 2 10 ,5 Le on to do n cr isp us . . . + . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . 2 10 ,5 O xy tro pi s p ilo sa su bs p. ca pu to i . . . 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 Fe stu ca in op s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . 1 5, 3 G lo bu la ria m er id io na lis . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 H eli an th em um o ela nd icu m su bs p. in ca nu m . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . 1 5, 3 M ed ica go lu pu lin a . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 O rc hi s a nt hr op op ho ra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . 1 5, 3 O rn ith og al um co m os um . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 Pe nt an em a m on ta nu m . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 Pl an ta go se m pe rv ire ns . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 Sa lv ia p ra te ns is . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 Sa xi fra ga b ul bi fer a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 5, 3 Se sle ria n iti da . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . 1 5, 3 N eo tin ea u stu la ta . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . . . . 1 5, 3 Se sel i t om m as in ii . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 Sp ec ie s o f S ti po -T ra ch yn ie te a di st ac hy ae a nd H el ia nt he m et ea g ut ta ti c la ss es Vu lp ia m yu ro s s ub sp . m yu ro s + . 1 1 1 1 1 + + 1 1 + . 1 + + + 1 2 17 89 ,5 Tr ifo liu m sc ab ru m 1 2 2 + 2 2 2 + 1 . 1 1 + 2 + . 1 . r 16 84 ,2 C at ap od iu m ri gi du m + . + 1 . . + + + . . r + + + . + r + 13 68 ,4 Br iz a m ax im a . + + . + + + + . . . 3 r 1 + 1 . . 3 12 63 ,2 Cy no su ru s e ch in at us + 1 . . . + + + . + . + + + . . + . + 11 57 ,9 Li nu m co ry m bu lo su m . + . . 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 . . + . . + . . 10 52 ,6 Ai ra el eg an tis sim a su bs p. el eg an tis sim a . 1 . . + + + . . + + 3 1 + . . . . 1 10 52 ,6 Sh er ar di a ar ve ns is . . . . . + . + . . . + + . + r . + + 8 42 ,1 Po a bu lb os a su bs p. b ul bo sa . . . 1 . . . . . . . . 1 + + . + 2 1 7 36 ,8 Fu m an a pr oc um be ns . . . + . . . . + . . . . + + r 1 + . 7 36 ,8 M ed ica go m in im a . . . . . + . . + . . + + + . 1 . r . 7 36 ,8 St ac hy s r om an a . . + . + . + . + + . . . + + . . . . 7 36 ,8 Se ra pi as li ng ua . . . . . . . . . . + + + . . r . . 2 5 26 ,3 Tu be ra ria g ut ta ta . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . + + . . . 1 4 21 ,1 Fi la go p yr am id at a + + . . . + 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 21 ,1 O no br yc hi s c ap ut -g al li . . + . . . + . . . . . . + . . . 1 . 4 21 ,1 Ar en ar ia se rp yll ifo lia su bs p. se rp yll ifo lia . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . + . + 4 21 ,1 C or on ill a sco rp io id es . . + . . . . . + . . + . . . r . . . 4 21 ,1 Av ell in ia fe stu co id es . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . + 3 15 ,8 G al iu m d iv ar ica tu m + . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . 3 15 ,8 Si len e g al lic a . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . r . . . 2 10 ,5 Bo m by cil ae na er ec ta . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . 2 10 ,5 C er as tiu m b ra ch yp et al um su bs p. ro ese ri . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 2 10 ,5 Lo gfi a ga lli ca + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 10 ,5 M yo so tis ra m os iss im a su bs p. ra m os iss im a . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . . . . + 2 10 ,5 Sa xi fra ga tr id ac ty lit es . . . . . . . . . . . r + . . . . . . 2 10 ,5 Ai ra ca ry op hy lle a . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 H or nu ng ia p et ra ea su bs p. p et ra ea . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . 1 5, 3 La th yr us sp ha er icu s . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . 1 5, 3 21/1 • 2022, 41–72 64 Ballelli et al. Non-calcareous grasslands of the Monti Sibillini National Park: coenological structure, syntaxonomy, ecology, and floristic aspects Re le vé n um be r 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Ly sim ac hi a lin um -st ell at um . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 1 5, 3 Tr ifo liu m st ell at um . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 Li nu m tr ig yn um . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . 1 5, 3 O rn ith op us co m pr ess us . . r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 Xe ra nt he m um in ap er tu m . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 Sp ec ie s o f O no ni do -R os m ar in et ea c la ss C ist us cr et icu s s ub sp . e rio ce ph al us + + . 1 . . . + . . . . . 1 1 + + 2 1 10 52 ,6 C ar lin a co ry m bo sa + + 1 + . + + 1 1 . . . . . + . + . . 10 52 ,6 H eli ch ry su m it al icu m . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 3 15 ,8 C ist us sa lv iif ol iu s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . 1 5, 3 Th esi um h um ile . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . 1 5, 3 Sp ec ie s o f S ed o- Sc le ra nt he te a cl as s Pe tro rh ag ia p ro lif er a + 1 . . . . + . . . . . + . . . 1 . + 6 31 ,6 Pe tro sed um ru pe str e . . + . . . . . . . . . . + 1 . . + 1 5 26 ,3 Zi zi ph or a ac in os + . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . 3 15 ,8 Ar ab id op sis th al ia na . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . + 2 10 ,5 Se du m a lb um . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . 2 10 ,5 Ae th io ne m a sa xa til e . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 Se du m h isp an icu m . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 D ra ba v er na . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . . . . 1 5, 3 Sp ec ie s o f M ol in io -A rr he na th er et ea c la ss D ac ty lis g lo m er at a su bs p. g lo m er at a + 2 + + + + + + + 1 1 + + + + 1 + 1 + 19 10 0, 0 Pl an ta go la nc eo la ta 1 1 + . + + + + + + + + + + + 1 + . + 17 89 ,5 Bl ac ks to ni a pe rfo lia ta . . . . 1 1 . + 1 + 1 + + + + + + + . 13 68 ,4 Lo tu s c or ni cu la tu s . . + 1 + . . . . + + + 1 + + + + . 1 12 63 ,2 O no br yc hi s v ici ifo lia . . . + + . + . . + + 1 + + + 1 1 . . 11 57 ,9 Rh in an th us m in or . . . . . + . + + + + 2 2 . . 2 . r + 10 52 ,6 Ag ro sti s c ap ill ar is su bs p. ca pi lla ris 1 2 + . 1 1 + + + 2 1 . . . . . . . . 10 52 ,6 An th ox an th um o do ra tu m . . + . . . . + . . . + + + . 2 + . + 8 42 ,1 Fe stu ca ru br a gr ou p . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 . . + . + . 4 21 ,1 G ym na de ni a co no ps ea . . . . . . . + . . . . + . . r . . r 4 21 ,1 H ol cu s l an at us su bs p. la na tu s . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . r 3 15 ,8 Tr ag op og on p ra te ns is + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . 3 15 ,8 Ac hi lle a m ill efo liu m + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 10 ,5 Lo liu m p ra te ns e . . . 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 C ol ch icu m lu sit an um . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 Le on to do n hi sp id us . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . 1 5, 3 Le uc an th em um v ul ga re su bs p. v ul ga re . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . 1 5, 3 Lu zu la m ul tifl or a su bs p. m ul tifl or a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 5, 3 Po a pr at en sis su bs p. p ra te ns is . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 Ve ro ni ca se rp yll ifo lia . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 H yp oc ha er is ra di ca ta . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 C om pa ni on sp ec ie s Ly sim ac hi a ar ve ns is su bs p. a rv en sis + 1 + . + 1 1 + 1 + + + + + + . 1 r r 17 89 ,5 H yp er icu m p er fo ra tu m + 1 . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 + . + + + + r + 16 84 ,2 Li nu m u sit at iss im um su bs p. a ng us tif ol iu m + 1 + . 1 . 1 + + + . 3 2 + + + + + + 16 84 ,2 Bo th rio ch lo a isc ha em um + 1 + + 1 1 1 + + + + . . . + . + . . 13 68 ,4 Vi cia b ith yn ica . . . . + + + 1 + 1 1 + . . + 1 . . r 11 57 ,9 Zi zi ph or a gr an at en sis su bs p. a lp in a 1 . + . . + 1 + . . . 1 1 . . . . . . 7 36 ,8 C en ta ur iu m p ul ch ell um su bs p. p ul ch ell um . . . . + 1 1 + . + . . . + + . . . . 7 36 ,8 Er ig er on a nn uu s . . . . . + + 1 + + + . . . . . . r . 7 36 ,8 Eu ph or bi a pe pl us + + . . . . + + + + . . . . . . . . . 6 31 ,6 La th yr us cl ym en um . . . . + . . . . . . . . + . + + . 1 5 26 ,3 C ot a tin cto ria su bs p. ti nc to ria 1 2 . . . . . . . . . . r . + . + . . 5 26 ,3 Po a co m pr ess a + + . . . . . + . . . r . . . . + . . 5 26 ,3 Ve ro ni ca a rv en sis . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 + . . . . + 4 21 ,1 U ro sp er m um d al ec ha m pi i . . . . + . + . . . + . . . + . . . . 4 21 ,1 Cy no do n da cty lo n . + . . + . + . . . . . . . . . + . . 4 21 ,1 G er an iu m co lu m bi nu m . . . . . . . + + . + . . . . . . . . 3 15 ,8 C us cu ta ep ith ym um . . . + . . . . . + . . . . + . . . . 3 15 ,8 Pi lo sel la o ffi cin ar um . . + + . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . 3 15 ,8 Pa re nt uc ell ia la tif ol ia . . . + . . . . . . . . r . . . + . . 3 15 ,8 O ro ba nc he g ra cil is . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . r . . + 3 15 ,8 M al va se tig er a . . . . . + 1 . . . . . . . . + . . . 3 15 ,8 Si len e v ul ga ris su bs p. te no re an a + + . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . 3 15 ,8 Re ich ar di a pi cr oi de s . . + . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . + 3 15 ,8 Ec hi um v ul ga re su bs p. v ul ga re + + . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . 3 15 ,8 Er ica a rb or ea . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . + . . 1 3 15 ,8 Th ym ela ea p as ser in a 1 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 10 ,5 Po te nt ill a pe da ta . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . 2 10 ,5 Pi cr is hi er ac io id es 1 . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 10 ,5 So nc hu s a sp er + . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 10 ,5 O rig an um v ul ga re + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 10 ,5 21/1 • 2022, 41–72 65 Ballelli et al. Non-calcareous grasslands of the Monti Sibillini National Park: coenological structure, syntaxonomy, ecology, and floristic aspects Re le vé n um be r 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Ly sim ac hi a lin um -st ell at um . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 1 5, 3 Tr ifo liu m st ell at um . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 Li nu m tr ig yn um . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . 1 5, 3 O rn ith op us co m pr ess us . . r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 Xe ra nt he m um in ap er tu m . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 Sp ec ie s o f O no ni do -R os m ar in et ea c la ss C ist us cr et icu s s ub sp . e rio ce ph al us + + . 1 . . . + . . . . . 1 1 + + 2 1 10 52 ,6 C ar lin a co ry m bo sa + + 1 + . + + 1 1 . . . . . + . + . . 10 52 ,6 H eli ch ry su m it al icu m . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 3 15 ,8 C ist us sa lv iif ol iu s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . 1 5, 3 Th esi um h um ile . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . 1 5, 3 Sp ec ie s o f S ed o- Sc le ra nt he te a cl as s Pe tro rh ag ia p ro lif er a + 1 . . . . + . . . . . + . . . 1 . + 6 31 ,6 Pe tro sed um ru pe str e . . + . . . . . . . . . . + 1 . . + 1 5 26 ,3 Zi zi ph or a ac in os + . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . 3 15 ,8 Ar ab id op sis th al ia na . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . + 2 10 ,5 Se du m a lb um . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . 2 10 ,5 Ae th io ne m a sa xa til e . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 Se du m h isp an icu m . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 D ra ba v er na . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . . . . 1 5, 3 Sp ec ie s o f M ol in io -A rr he na th er et ea c la ss D ac ty lis g lo m er at a su bs p. g lo m er at a + 2 + + + + + + + 1 1 + + + + 1 + 1 + 19 10 0, 0 Pl an ta go la nc eo la ta 1 1 + . + + + + + + + + + + + 1 + . + 17 89 ,5 Bl ac ks to ni a pe rfo lia ta . . . . 1 1 . + 1 + 1 + + + + + + + . 13 68 ,4 Lo tu s c or ni cu la tu s . . + 1 + . . . . + + + 1 + + + + . 1 12 63 ,2 O no br yc hi s v ici ifo lia . . . + + . + . . + + 1 + + + 1 1 . . 11 57 ,9 Rh in an th us m in or . . . . . + . + + + + 2 2 . . 2 . r + 10 52 ,6 Ag ro sti s c ap ill ar is su bs p. ca pi lla ris 1 2 + . 1 1 + + + 2 1 . . . . . . . . 10 52 ,6 An th ox an th um o do ra tu m . . + . . . . + . . . + + + . 2 + . + 8 42 ,1 Fe stu ca ru br a gr ou p . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 . . + . + . 4 21 ,1 G ym na de ni a co no ps ea . . . . . . . + . . . . + . . r . . r 4 21 ,1 H ol cu s l an at us su bs p. la na tu s . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . r 3 15 ,8 Tr ag op og on p ra te ns is + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . 3 15 ,8 Ac hi lle a m ill efo liu m + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 10 ,5 Lo liu m p ra te ns e . . . 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 C ol ch icu m lu sit an um . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 Le on to do n hi sp id us . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . 1 5, 3 Le uc an th em um v ul ga re su bs p. v ul ga re . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . 1 5, 3 Lu zu la m ul tifl or a su bs p. m ul tifl or a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 5, 3 Po a pr at en sis su bs p. p ra te ns is . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 Ve ro ni ca se rp yll ifo lia . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 H yp oc ha er is ra di ca ta . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 C om pa ni on sp ec ie s Ly sim ac hi a ar ve ns is su bs p. a rv en sis + 1 + . + 1 1 + 1 + + + + + + . 1 r r 17 89 ,5 H yp er icu m p er fo ra tu m + 1 . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 + . + + + + r + 16 84 ,2 Li nu m u sit at iss im um su bs p. a ng us tif ol iu m + 1 + . 1 . 1 + + + . 3 2 + + + + + + 16 84 ,2 Bo th rio ch lo a isc ha em um + 1 + + 1 1 1 + + + + . . . + . + . . 13 68 ,4 Vi cia b ith yn ica . . . . + + + 1 + 1 1 + . . + 1 . . r 11 57 ,9 Zi zi ph or a gr an at en sis su bs p. a lp in a 1 . + . . + 1 + . . . 1 1 . . . . . . 7 36 ,8 C en ta ur iu m p ul ch ell um su bs p. p ul ch ell um . . . . + 1 1 + . + . . . + + . . . . 7 36 ,8 Er ig er on a nn uu s . . . . . + + 1 + + + . . . . . . r . 7 36 ,8 Eu ph or bi a pe pl us + + . . . . + + + + . . . . . . . . . 6 31 ,6 La th yr us cl ym en um . . . . + . . . . . . . . + . + + . 1 5 26 ,3 C ot a tin cto ria su bs p. ti nc to ria 1 2 . . . . . . . . . . r . + . + . . 5 26 ,3 Po a co m pr ess a + + . . . . . + . . . r . . . . + . . 5 26 ,3 Ve ro ni ca a rv en sis . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 + . . . . + 4 21 ,1 U ro sp er m um d al ec ha m pi i . . . . + . + . . . + . . . + . . . . 4 21 ,1 Cy no do n da cty lo n . + . . + . + . . . . . . . . . + . . 4 21 ,1 G er an iu m co lu m bi nu m . . . . . . . + + . + . . . . . . . . 3 15 ,8 C us cu ta ep ith ym um . . . + . . . . . + . . . . + . . . . 3 15 ,8 Pi lo sel la o ffi cin ar um . . + + . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . 3 15 ,8 Pa re nt uc ell ia la tif ol ia . . . + . . . . . . . . r . . . + . . 3 15 ,8 O ro ba nc he g ra cil is . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . r . . + 3 15 ,8 M al va se tig er a . . . . . + 1 . . . . . . . . + . . . 3 15 ,8 Si len e v ul ga ris su bs p. te no re an a + + . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . 3 15 ,8 Re ich ar di a pi cr oi de s . . + . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . + 3 15 ,8 Ec hi um v ul ga re su bs p. v ul ga re + + . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . 3 15 ,8 Er ica a rb or ea . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . + . . 1 3 15 ,8 Th ym ela ea p as ser in a 1 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 10 ,5 Po te nt ill a pe da ta . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . 2 10 ,5 Pi cr is hi er ac io id es 1 . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 10 ,5 So nc hu s a sp er + . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 10 ,5 O rig an um v ul ga re + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 10 ,5 21/1 • 2022, 41–72 66 Ballelli et al. Non-calcareous grasslands of the Monti Sibillini National Park: coenological structure, syntaxonomy, ecology, and floristic aspects Re le vé n um be r 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 C re pi s s et os a . . + . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . 2 10 ,5 M ya gr um p er fo lia tu m 1 + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 10 ,5 Fe stu ca sp . . . . 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 H ier ac iu m sp . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . 1 5, 3 Li m od or um a bo rt iv um . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 5, 3 Se ta ria sp . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 Sp ar tiu m ju nc eu m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 1 5, 3 Sa gi na sp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r 1 5, 3 D ip lo ta xi s m ur al is . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 D ip lo ta xi s t en ui fo lia + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 Ju nc us b uf on iu s . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 Ju nc us ca pi ta tu s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 5, 3 Cy tis us h irs ut us . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 1 5, 3 Lo tu s d or yc ni um . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . 1 5, 3 C am pa nu la ra pu nc ul us . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r . . . 1 5, 3 M iso pa te s o ro nt iu m . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 An isa nt ha st er ili s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r . 1 5, 3 Er od iu m m al ac oi de s . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 Tr iti cu m n eg lec tu m . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . 1 5, 3 C re pi s v esi ca ria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r . 1 5, 3 As tra ga lu s s esa m eu s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . 1 5, 3 El ym us re pe ns su bs p. re pe ns . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 Li na ria v ul ga ris su bs p. v ul ga ris + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 Re sed a lu te a su bs p. lu te a + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 D elp hi ni um co ns ol id a + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 C ha en or hi nu m m in us . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5, 3 21/1 • 2022, 41–72 67 Ballelli et al. Non-calcareous grasslands of the Monti Sibillini National Park: coenological structure, syntaxonomy, ecology, and floristic aspects Ta bl e 4: H er ba ce ou s c om m un iti es o f t he M ol in io -A rr he na th er et ea c la ss . Ta be la 4 : Z el išč ne zd ru žb e ra zr ed a M ol in io -A rr he na th er et ea . Re le vé n um be r 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Re le vé n um be r i n Fi gu re 2 8 17 18 6 9 7 10 16 15 13 14 28 30 31 20 23 26 21 22 24 25 27 29 Occurrences Frequency Al tit ud e (m a .s. l) 11 70 11 70 11 70 11 70 11 70 11 60 11 80 11 80 11 60 11 50 11 65 88 6 86 2 87 2 79 5 78 1 74 5 78 1 77 8 77 8 77 3 88 2 88 2 As pe ct 90 0 90 18 0 90 18 0 11 2, 5 67 ,5 18 0 90 11 2, 5 90 90 18 0 0 0 67 ,5 0 22 ,5 0 0 90 90 Sl op e (°) 1 2, 5 1, 5 1 1 2 6 17 ,5 5 5 2 8 10 8 1, 5 6 2 2, 5 5, 5 5 3 10 15 Su rfa ce (m q) 15 20 30 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 C ov er ag e (% ) 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 Sp ec ie s o f t he M en th o- Ju nc et um in fle xi a ss . M en th a lo ng ifo lia + . . . . . . . . . . 1 + . . . + + 1 1 1 + . 9 39 ,1 Ju nc us in fle xu s s ub sp . i nfl ex us 3 2 1 . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 17 ,4 Sp ec ie s o f t he M en th o- Ju nc io n in fle xi a ll. a nd P ot en ti llo -P ol yg on et al ia o rd . C ar ex h irt a 1 . . 1 + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 17 ,4 G al iu m a lb um 1 . . . + . . r + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 17 ,4 Ra nu nc ul us re pe ns 2 2 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 13 ,0 C ha ra ct . a nd d iff . s pe ci es o f t he D es ch am ps io -C ar ic et um d is ta nt is a ss . a nd h ig he r sy nt ax a Lo liu m a ru nd in ac eu m su bs p. a ru nd in ac eu m + . 1 1 2 + . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 26 ,1 D esc ha m ps ia ce sp ito sa 2 4 4 + 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 21 ,7 C ar ex d ist an s . + . . + . . . . . . + + 1 . . . . . . . . . 5 21 ,7 C ha ra ct . a nd d iff . o f t he C ol ch ic o lu si ta ni -C yn os ur et um c ri st at i as s. Cy no su ru s c ris ta tu s + . . 2 2 2 1 2 4 3 4 1 1 1 + 1 . 1 . . . 1 1 17 73 ,9 Tr ag op og on p ra te ns is su bs p. p ra te ns is . . . . . + + + + + + 1 1 1 + 1 1 1 1 + + + . 17 73 ,9 Ac hi lle a m ill efo liu m + . . . . + + . + + + . + . . 1 + . . + + 1 1 13 56 ,5 C ol ch icu m lu sit an um . . . + 1 + + + + + + . . . . . . . . . . . + 9 39 ,1 Sp . o f t he C yn os ur io n cr is ta ti a ll. a nd T ri fo lio r ep en ti s- P hl ee ta lia p ra te ns is o rd . Lo liu m p er en ne . . . 1 1 1 1 + 1 1 + + 1 1 1 + . + . . . + . 15 65 ,2 Be lli s p er en ni s . . . + + + + . + . . . 1 + 1 + + + + . + 1 . 14 60 ,9 Sc or zo ne ro id es au tu m na lis . + . 1 + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 17 ,4 Tr ifo liu m re pe ns . . . . . . . . . + . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . 2 8, 7 Ph leu m p ra te ns e s ub sp . p ra te ns e . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4, 3 C ha ra ct . a nd d iff . s pe ci es o f t he R an un cu lo n ea po lit an i- Ar rh en at he re tu m e la ti or is a ss . a nd th e ra nu nc ul et os um n ea po lit an i s ub as s. H ol cu s l an at us su bs p. la na tu s 1 + + . 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 . 2 1 3 2 3 3 2 1 + 1 1 21 91 ,3 Sa lv ia p ra te ns is . . . . . + 1 1 + 1 1 + + . . + + + . . . + + 13 56 ,5 Tr ifo liu m ca m pe str e . . . . . . . + 1 1 1 . . 1 + + 1 + + 1 + . + 13 56 ,5 G al iu m m ol lu go . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 1 + + . + + + 2 1 1 11 47 ,8 Tr ise ta ria fl av esc en s s ub sp . fl av esc en s . . . . . . . . 1 + 1 2 2 1 . . . . . . . 1 . 7 30 ,4 Tr ag op og on p ra te ns is su bs p. o rie nt al is . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . + + . . . . . + 5 21 ,7 G er an iu m d iss ec tu m . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . 1 4, 3 21/1 • 2022, 41–72 68 Ballelli et al. Non-calcareous grasslands of the Monti Sibillini National Park: coenological structure, syntaxonomy, ecology, and floristic aspects Re le vé n um be r 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 C ha ra ct . a nd d iff . s pe ci es o f t he R an un cu lo n ea po lit an i- Ar rh en at he ri on e la ti or is a ll. Ar rh en at he ru m el at iu s s ub sp . e la tiu s . . . . . . . . + + + 2 3 3 4 3 4 4 5 4 3 3 3 15 65 ,2 Ra nu nc ul us n ea po lit an us . . . . . . . . 1 . 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 + 1 2 14 60 ,9 C en ta ur ea n ig re sce ns + . . 2 1 1 1 + 1 + 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 39 ,1 Pa sti na ca sa tiv a su bs p. u re ns . . . . . . . . . . . . + . + + + 1 + 1 . . + 8 34 ,8 Ac hi lle a co lli na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . 1 4, 3 Sp ec ie s o f t he M ol in io -A rr he na th er et ea c la ss D ac ty lis g lo m er at a su bs p. g lo m er at a + . 1 2 + 2 + . + + 1 1 2 1 2 + + + 1 1 + + + 21 91 ,3 Tr ifo liu m p ra te ns e s ub sp . p ra te ns e . . + 2 2 3 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 + 1 . 20 87 ,0 An th ox an th um o do ra tu m + . + 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 + . 2 2 1 . + 1 1 20 87 ,0 Ru m ex a ce to sa su bs p. a ce to sa + + 1 + + + r + + + + . . + . 1 1 1 + + + + 1 20 87 ,0 Lo tu s c or ni cu la tu s + . . 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 . + . 2 . + 1 2 + 18 78 ,3 D au cu s c ar ot a . . . . . r + + + + 1 + + + + + 1 + . + + + + 17 73 ,9 Po a tri vi al is 1 + 3 . 1 1 1 . . 1 . . . . 3 + 1 + 1 1 + . 1 15 65 ,2 Rh in an th us m in or . . . 2 + 2 + . 1 + + . + + . 2 2 . . + + 1 1 15 65 ,2 Pl an ta go la nc eo la ta . . . + . . + + + + . . + + + + 1 1 1 + . 1 + 15 65 ,2 O no br yc hi s v ici ifo lia . . . . . + 2 2 1 3 3 . 1 + . 1 . + + . + 2 . 13 56 ,5 La th yr us p ra te ns is 1 1 1 . . . + . + . + . + + + + . . . 1 2 + . 13 56 ,5 Le uc an th em um v ul ga re su bs p. v ul ga re . . . 1 + + r . + + + 1 1 1 . . . . . . . 1 + 12 52 ,2 Le on to do n hi sp id us . . . . + + + 1 1 1 1 + + . . . + . . . + . + 12 52 ,2 Tr ifo liu m d ub iu m . . . + . + + + + + + + + + . + . . . . . + . 12 52 ,2 Po a pr at en sis su bs p. p ra te ns is 1 + . . . . . . . . 1 2 + + 2 1 . . . . 1 . 2 10 43 ,5 Pr un ell a vu lg ar is su bs p. v ul ga ris . . . 1 + 1 . 1 1 1 + . + . . . . . . . . . . 8 34 ,8 Ly ch ni s fl os -c uc ul i s ub sp . fl os -c uc ul i + + + . + + + . . r . . . . . . . . . . . . + 8 34 ,8 Rh in an th us a lec to ro lo ph us . . . . . . 1 2 1 2 2 . . . . . . 2 1 . . . . 7 30 ,4 Ra nu nc ul us b ul bo su s . . . + 1 1 + 1 1 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 30 ,4 Ag ro sti s c ap ill ar is su bs p. ca pi lla ris . . . 1 1 2 2 . 1 . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 26 ,1 Ra nu nc ul us a cr is + + 1 1 1 . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . 6 26 ,1 Lu zu la m ul tifl or a su bs p. m ul tifl or a . . . + . + + + . + . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 26 ,1 C er as tiu m h ol os te oi de s . + + . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . + + + 6 26 ,1 Pi cr is hi er ac io id es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . + + + . . . 5 21 ,7 Po te nt ill a re pt an s . . . . . . . . . . . + + . + . + . . . . + . 5 21 ,7 Fe stu ca g r. ru br a . . . 2 . 2 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 4 17 ,4 Eq ui set um p al us tre + . . 2 1 + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 17 ,4 Va ler ia na o ffi cin al is 1 + . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . + . . . . . 4 17 ,4 C re pi s b ien ni s . . . . . . . . . + + . + + . . . . . . . . . 4 17 ,4 H or de um se ca lin um . . . 1 2 . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 13 ,0 C en ta ur ea ja ce a su bs p. ja ce a . 1 + . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 13 ,0 C ar um ca rv i . . . r + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 13 ,0 O ph io gl os su m v ul ga tu m . . . r + r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 13 ,0 Sa ng ui so rb a offi cin al is . . . . . . . + 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8, 7 Pi m pi ne lla m aj or + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 2 8, 7 Tr ag op og on p or rif ol iu s . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . 2 8, 7 H yp er icu m te tra pt er um + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8, 7 G ym na de ni a co no ps ea . . . . . . r r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8, 7 Lo liu m p ra te ns e . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4, 3 C ar ex p an ice a . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4, 3 H yp oc ha er is ra di ca ta . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4, 3 Pl an ta go m ed ia . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4, 3 Ra nu nc ul us tu be ro su s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . 1 4, 3 In gr . s pe ci es fr om F es tu co -B ro m et ea c la ss Br iz a m ed ia . . + 3 1 1 1 1 + 1 1 1 1 2 . + . . . . + + + 16 69 ,6 Br om us h or de ac eu s . . . . 1 . 1 . 1 1 1 . + . + + + + + + . + + 14 60 ,9 M ed ica go lu pu lin a . . . . . 1 1 . + 1 + 1 1 1 + 1 . . . + + 1 . 13 56 ,5 C er as tiu m a rv en se su bs p. su ffr ut ico su m . . . + + + + + + + + . . . . . + . + + . + + 13 56 ,5 Po lyg al a ni ca ee ns is . . . + + . + . + + 1 . + . . + + + . . + . . 11 47 ,8 C ar ex ca ry op hy lle a . . . 1 1 1 . + 1 1 + + . + . . . . . . . . + 10 43 ,5 Br om op sis er ec ta su bs p. er ec ta . . . 1 . . 2 2 . 2 2 + . 2 . . . . . + . . 2 9 39 ,1 Br ac hy po di um ru pe str e . . . . . 1 1 1 2 1 1 + + . . . . . . + . . . 9 39 ,1 G al iu m v er um . . . + + 1 1 + + + 1 . + . . . . . . . . . . 9 39 ,1 Po te riu m sa ng ui so rb a su bs p. b al ea ric um . . . . . . + + 1 1 1 . . . . + . . + + + . . 9 39 ,1 Lu zu la ca m pe str is su bs p. ca m pe str is . . . + 1 + + + + + + . . . . . . . . . . . + 9 39 ,1 Sa xi fra ga b ul bi fer a . . . . r + r r . r . . . . . . + . . . + + + 9 39 ,1 Al liu m v in ea le . . . + + 1 + + + + + . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 34 ,8 Tr ifo liu m m on ta nu m su bs p. ru pe str e . . . + + + . + 2 . + . . . . . . . . . . . + 7 30 ,4 Li nu m ca th ar tic um . . . + . + + + + + + . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 30 ,4 Va ler ia ne lla sp . . . . . . + + + + + . . . + . . + . . . . . . 7 30 ,4 Tr ifo liu m o ch ro leu co n . . . 1 . + 2 1 . 2 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 26 ,1 C ar ex fl ac ca su bs p. er yt hr os ta ch ys + . . + . . . + + . . + + . . . . . . . . . . 6 26 ,1 Eu ph ra sia st ric ta . . . + r + + + . r . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 26 ,1 Tr ifo liu m in ca rn at um  su bs p.  m ol in er ii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 + + 1 . . . + 5 21 ,7 C en ta ur ea ja ce a su bs p. g au di ni i . . . . . . . . . . . + + 1 . . + . . . . + . 5 21 ,7 Fe stu ca in op s . . . . . . . 2 2 1 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 17 ,4 21/1 • 2022, 41–72 69 Ballelli et al. Non-calcareous grasslands of the Monti Sibillini National Park: coenological structure, syntaxonomy, ecology, and floristic aspects Re le vé n um be r 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 C ha ra ct . a nd d iff . s pe ci es o f t he R an un cu lo n ea po lit an i- Ar rh en at he ri on e la ti or is a ll. Ar rh en at he ru m el at iu s s ub sp . e la tiu s . . . . . . . . + + + 2 3 3 4 3 4 4 5 4 3 3 3 15 65 ,2 Ra nu nc ul us n ea po lit an us . . . . . . . . 1 . 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 + 1 2 14 60 ,9 C en ta ur ea n ig re sce ns + . . 2 1 1 1 + 1 + 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 39 ,1 Pa sti na ca sa tiv a su bs p. u re ns . . . . . . . . . . . . + . + + + 1 + 1 . . + 8 34 ,8 Ac hi lle a co lli na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . 1 4, 3 Sp ec ie s o f t he M ol in io -A rr he na th er et ea c la ss D ac ty lis g lo m er at a su bs p. g lo m er at a + . 1 2 + 2 + . + + 1 1 2 1 2 + + + 1 1 + + + 21 91 ,3 Tr ifo liu m p ra te ns e s ub sp . p ra te ns e . . + 2 2 3 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 + 1 . 20 87 ,0 An th ox an th um o do ra tu m + . + 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 + . 2 2 1 . + 1 1 20 87 ,0 Ru m ex a ce to sa su bs p. a ce to sa + + 1 + + + r + + + + . . + . 1 1 1 + + + + 1 20 87 ,0 Lo tu s c or ni cu la tu s + . . 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 . + . 2 . + 1 2 + 18 78 ,3 D au cu s c ar ot a . . . . . r + + + + 1 + + + + + 1 + . + + + + 17 73 ,9 Po a tri vi al is 1 + 3 . 1 1 1 . . 1 . . . . 3 + 1 + 1 1 + . 1 15 65 ,2 Rh in an th us m in or . . . 2 + 2 + . 1 + + . + + . 2 2 . . + + 1 1 15 65 ,2 Pl an ta go la nc eo la ta . . . + . . + + + + . . + + + + 1 1 1 + . 1 + 15 65 ,2 O no br yc hi s v ici ifo lia . . . . . + 2 2 1 3 3 . 1 + . 1 . + + . + 2 . 13 56 ,5 La th yr us p ra te ns is 1 1 1 . . . + . + . + . + + + + . . . 1 2 + . 13 56 ,5 Le uc an th em um v ul ga re su bs p. v ul ga re . . . 1 + + r . + + + 1 1 1 . . . . . . . 1 + 12 52 ,2 Le on to do n hi sp id us . . . . + + + 1 1 1 1 + + . . . + . . . + . + 12 52 ,2 Tr ifo liu m d ub iu m . . . + . + + + + + + + + + . + . . . . . + . 12 52 ,2 Po a pr at en sis su bs p. p ra te ns is 1 + . . . . . . . . 1 2 + + 2 1 . . . . 1 . 2 10 43 ,5 Pr un ell a vu lg ar is su bs p. v ul ga ris . . . 1 + 1 . 1 1 1 + . + . . . . . . . . . . 8 34 ,8 Ly ch ni s fl os -c uc ul i s ub sp . fl os -c uc ul i + + + . + + + . . r . . . . . . . . . . . . + 8 34 ,8 Rh in an th us a lec to ro lo ph us . . . . . . 1 2 1 2 2 . . . . . . 2 1 . . . . 7 30 ,4 Ra nu nc ul us b ul bo su s . . . + 1 1 + 1 1 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 30 ,4 Ag ro sti s c ap ill ar is su bs p. ca pi lla ris . . . 1 1 2 2 . 1 . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 26 ,1 Ra nu nc ul us a cr is + + 1 1 1 . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . 6 26 ,1 Lu zu la m ul tifl or a su bs p. m ul tifl or a . . . + . + + + . + . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 26 ,1 C er as tiu m h ol os te oi de s . + + . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . + + + 6 26 ,1 Pi cr is hi er ac io id es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . + + + . . . 5 21 ,7 Po te nt ill a re pt an s . . . . . . . . . . . + + . + . + . . . . + . 5 21 ,7 Fe stu ca g r. ru br a . . . 2 . 2 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 4 17 ,4 Eq ui set um p al us tre + . . 2 1 + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 17 ,4 Va ler ia na o ffi cin al is 1 + . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . + . . . . . 4 17 ,4 C re pi s b ien ni s . . . . . . . . . + + . + + . . . . . . . . . 4 17 ,4 H or de um se ca lin um . . . 1 2 . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 13 ,0 C en ta ur ea ja ce a su bs p. ja ce a . 1 + . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 13 ,0 C ar um ca rv i . . . r + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 13 ,0 O ph io gl os su m v ul ga tu m . . . r + r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 13 ,0 Sa ng ui so rb a offi cin al is . . . . . . . + 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8, 7 Pi m pi ne lla m aj or + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 2 8, 7 Tr ag op og on p or rif ol iu s . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . 2 8, 7 H yp er icu m te tra pt er um + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8, 7 G ym na de ni a co no ps ea . . . . . . r r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8, 7 Lo liu m p ra te ns e . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4, 3 C ar ex p an ice a . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4, 3 H yp oc ha er is ra di ca ta . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4, 3 Pl an ta go m ed ia . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4, 3 Ra nu nc ul us tu be ro su s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . 1 4, 3 In gr . s pe ci es fr om F es tu co -B ro m et ea c la ss Br iz a m ed ia . . + 3 1 1 1 1 + 1 1 1 1 2 . + . . . . + + + 16 69 ,6 Br om us h or de ac eu s . . . . 1 . 1 . 1 1 1 . + . + + + + + + . + + 14 60 ,9 M ed ica go lu pu lin a . . . . . 1 1 . + 1 + 1 1 1 + 1 . . . + + 1 . 13 56 ,5 C er as tiu m a rv en se su bs p. su ffr ut ico su m . . . + + + + + + + + . . . . . + . + + . + + 13 56 ,5 Po lyg al a ni ca ee ns is . . . + + . + . + + 1 . + . . + + + . . + . . 11 47 ,8 C ar ex ca ry op hy lle a . . . 1 1 1 . + 1 1 + + . + . . . . . . . . + 10 43 ,5 Br om op sis er ec ta su bs p. er ec ta . . . 1 . . 2 2 . 2 2 + . 2 . . . . . + . . 2 9 39 ,1 Br ac hy po di um ru pe str e . . . . . 1 1 1 2 1 1 + + . . . . . . + . . . 9 39 ,1 G al iu m v er um . . . + + 1 1 + + + 1 . + . . . . . . . . . . 9 39 ,1 Po te riu m sa ng ui so rb a su bs p. b al ea ric um . . . . . . + + 1 1 1 . . . . + . . + + + . . 9 39 ,1 Lu zu la ca m pe str is su bs p. ca m pe str is . . . + 1 + + + + + + . . . . . . . . . . . + 9 39 ,1 Sa xi fra ga b ul bi fer a . . . . r + r r . r . . . . . . + . . . + + + 9 39 ,1 Al liu m v in ea le . . . + + 1 + + + + + . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 34 ,8 Tr ifo liu m m on ta nu m su bs p. ru pe str e . . . + + + . + 2 . + . . . . . . . . . . . + 7 30 ,4 Li nu m ca th ar tic um . . . + . + + + + + + . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 30 ,4 Va ler ia ne lla sp . . . . . . + + + + + . . . + . . + . . . . . . 7 30 ,4 Tr ifo liu m o ch ro leu co n . . . 1 . + 2 1 . 2 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 26 ,1 C ar ex fl ac ca su bs p. er yt hr os ta ch ys + . . + . . . + + . . + + . . . . . . . . . . 6 26 ,1 Eu ph ra sia st ric ta . . . + r + + + . r . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 26 ,1 Tr ifo liu m in ca rn at um  su bs p.  m ol in er ii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 + + 1 . . . + 5 21 ,7 C en ta ur ea ja ce a su bs p. g au di ni i . . . . . . . . . . . + + 1 . . + . . . . + . 5 21 ,7 Fe stu ca in op s . . . . . . . 2 2 1 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 17 ,4 21/1 • 2022, 41–72 70 Ballelli et al. Non-calcareous grasslands of the Monti Sibillini National Park: coenological structure, syntaxonomy, ecology, and floristic aspects Re le vé n um be r 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Kn au tia ca lyc in a . . . . . . + 1 . r + . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 17 ,4 O rn ith og al um co m os um . . . + r + . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 17 ,4 Po te nt ill a rig oa na . . . + + . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 13 ,0 M us ca ri ne gl ec tu m . . . . . . . + . r . . . . . . . . . . . . + 3 13 ,0 H eli an th em um n um m ul ar iu m su bs p. o bs cu ru m . . . . . . . 2 . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8, 7 D ac ty lo rh iz a sa m bu cin a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . 2 8, 7 Sc or zo ne ra a us tri ac a . . . . . . + . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8, 7 An ac am pt is co rio ph or a . . . . . . . . . r r . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8, 7 An ac am pt is py ra m id al is . . . . . . . . . r r . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8, 7 N eo tin ea u stu la ta . . . . . . r r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8, 7 Al liu m sp ha er oc ep ha lo n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 4, 3 C en ta ur ea a m bi gu a . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . 1 4, 3 Cy no gl ot tis b ar re lie ri su bs p. b ar re lie ri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . 1 4, 3 G en tia na v er na . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4, 3 N eo tti a ov at a . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . 1 4, 3 O rc hi s a nt hr op op ho ra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 4, 3 Pe nt an em a sa lic in um . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . 1 4, 3 C om pa ni on sp ec ie s Li nu m u sit at iss im um su bs p. a ng us tif ol iu m . . . + + + 1 + 1 1 1 + 1 + + 2 1 1 1 + . + + 19 82 ,6 Sh er ar di a ar ve ns is . . . . . + + + + + + . + 1 . + + . + . . . + 12 52 ,2 C am pa nu la ra pu nc ul us . . . . . + + + + + r . . + . . + + . . + . . 10 43 ,5 Ve ro ni ca ch am ae dr ys + . + . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . + + 1 1 1 9 39 ,1 Vi cia cr ac ca . . . . . . + + . . + . + . + . . . . + + 1 + 9 39 ,1 Ta ra xa cu m er yt hr os pe rm um . . . . . . . . . . . 1 + + 2 + . + + . . . + 8 34 ,8 C ru cia ta g la br a . . . + + + + + + + 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 34 ,8 Ve ro ni ca a rv en sis . . . . . + . . + + . . . . . + + . + + . + . 8 34 ,8 Vi cia b ith yn ica . . . + r + 1 . 1 . 1 . . . + . . . . . . . 1 8 34 ,8 M ed ica go sa tiv a . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . 1 1 1 . + . + 7 30 ,4 Vi cia sa tiv a . . . . . . . . . . . + . . 1 . + + + 1 1 . . 7 30 ,4 Sc or zo ne ro id es cic ho ria ce a . . . 1 . + 1 + + + + . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 30 ,4 C on vo lv ul us a rv en sis . . . . . . . . . . . + + + . . + . + . + 1 . 7 30 ,4 C re pi s v esi ca ria . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 + + + + . + . . . . 7 30 ,4 G er an iu m m ol le . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 1 1 + . . + 6 26 ,1 C ru cia ta la ev ip es + . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . + + + + 6 26 ,1 Ru bu s c ae siu s . . . . . . . . . . . . + . + . 1 . . 1 2 . . 5 21 ,7 G er an iu m p yr en ai cu m su bs p. p yr en ai cu m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . 1 1 . + + 5 21 ,7 Ar te m isi a ve rlo tio ru m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . + . + 1 . + . 5 21 ,7 O ro ba nc he g ra cil is . . . . . . r r . r r . + . . . . . . . . . . 5 21 ,7 Cy no su ru s e ch in at us . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . + . . + . . + + 5 21 ,7 C ar ex p al les ce ns 1 + 1 + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 21 ,7 M yo so tis a rv en sis su bs p. a rv en sis . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . + . . . + . + . 4 17 ,4 D an th on ia a lp in a . . . + + 1 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 17 ,4 C lin op od iu m v ul ga re . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . + . . . . + . 3 13 ,0 Ju nc us a rt icu la tu s s ub sp . a rt icu la tu s + + . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 13 ,0 C us cu ta ep ith ym um . . . . . . . . + r r . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 13 ,0 D ac ty lo rh iz a m ac ul at a su bs p. fu ch sii r . . . . . . r . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . 3 13 ,0 Eq ui set um te lm at eia . . . . . . . r + r . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 13 ,0 H eli cto ch lo a pr ae tu tia na su bs p. p ra et ut ia na . . . . . . + . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . + 3 13 ,0 G er an iu m co lu m bi nu m . . . . . . + . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . + 3 13 ,0 Po te nt ill a er ec ta 1 . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 13 ,0 C lem at is vi ta lb a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 . . 2 8, 7 C irs iu m a rv en se . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . + . 2 8, 7 Eu pa to riu m ca nn ab in um . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . + . . 2 8, 7 So lid ag o vi rg au re a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . + . . 2 8, 7 Th al ict ru m a qu ile gi ifo liu m su bs p. a qu ile gi ifo liu m r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 2 8, 7 Bu ni um b ul bo ca sta nu m . . . . . r . . . r . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8, 7 G al iu m a ni so ph yll on . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8, 7 Ve ro ni ca p er sic a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . + . . . . 2 8, 7 An isa nt ha st er ili s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . + . . . 2 8, 7 Ai ra el eg an tis sim a su bs p. el eg an tis sim a . . . . . . + 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8, 7 Br iz a m ax im a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 + . . . . . 2 8, 7 Ai ra ca ry op hy lle a . . . . . . . . . r + . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8, 7 C ha er op hy llu m te m ul um . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . 1 4, 3 H ol cu s m ol lis su bs p. m ol lis . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4, 3 Al ch em ill a sp . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4, 3 C ar da m in e h irs ut a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 1 4, 3 C ar ex sy lv at ica . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4, 3 Eq ui set um a rv en se . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . 1 4, 3 G al iu m p al us tre . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4, 3 Ja co ba ea er uc ifo lia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . 1 4, 3 O rc hi s p ur pu re a . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . 1 4, 3 O rn ith og al um d iv er ge ns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 4, 3 So nc hu s a sp er . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . 1 4, 3 21/1 • 2022, 41–72 71 Ballelli et al. Non-calcareous grasslands of the Monti Sibillini National Park: coenological structure, syntaxonomy, ecology, and floristic aspects Re le vé n um be r 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Kn au tia ca lyc in a . . . . . . + 1 . r + . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 17 ,4 O rn ith og al um co m os um . . . + r + . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 17 ,4 Po te nt ill a rig oa na . . . + + . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 13 ,0 M us ca ri ne gl ec tu m . . . . . . . + . r . . . . . . . . . . . . + 3 13 ,0 H eli an th em um n um m ul ar iu m su bs p. o bs cu ru m . . . . . . . 2 . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8, 7 D ac ty lo rh iz a sa m bu cin a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . . . 2 8, 7 Sc or zo ne ra a us tri ac a . . . . . . + . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8, 7 An ac am pt is co rio ph or a . . . . . . . . . r r . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8, 7 An ac am pt is py ra m id al is . . . . . . . . . r r . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8, 7 N eo tin ea u stu la ta . . . . . . r r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8, 7 Al liu m sp ha er oc ep ha lo n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 4, 3 C en ta ur ea a m bi gu a . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . 1 4, 3 Cy no gl ot tis b ar re lie ri su bs p. b ar re lie ri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . 1 4, 3 G en tia na v er na . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4, 3 N eo tti a ov at a . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . 1 4, 3 O rc hi s a nt hr op op ho ra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 4, 3 Pe nt an em a sa lic in um . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . 1 4, 3 C om pa ni on sp ec ie s Li nu m u sit at iss im um su bs p. a ng us tif ol iu m . . . + + + 1 + 1 1 1 + 1 + + 2 1 1 1 + . + + 19 82 ,6 Sh er ar di a ar ve ns is . . . . . + + + + + + . + 1 . + + . + . . . + 12 52 ,2 C am pa nu la ra pu nc ul us . . . . . + + + + + r . . + . . + + . . + . . 10 43 ,5 Ve ro ni ca ch am ae dr ys + . + . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . + + 1 1 1 9 39 ,1 Vi cia cr ac ca . . . . . . + + . . + . + . + . . . . + + 1 + 9 39 ,1 Ta ra xa cu m er yt hr os pe rm um . . . . . . . . . . . 1 + + 2 + . + + . . . + 8 34 ,8 C ru cia ta g la br a . . . + + + + + + + 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 34 ,8 Ve ro ni ca a rv en sis . . . . . + . . + + . . . . . + + . + + . + . 8 34 ,8 Vi cia b ith yn ica . . . + r + 1 . 1 . 1 . . . + . . . . . . . 1 8 34 ,8 M ed ica go sa tiv a . . . . . . . . . . . . + + . . 1 1 1 . + . + 7 30 ,4 Vi cia sa tiv a . . . . . . . . . . . + . . 1 . + + + 1 1 . . 7 30 ,4 Sc or zo ne ro id es cic ho ria ce a . . . 1 . + 1 + + + + . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 30 ,4 C on vo lv ul us a rv en sis . . . . . . . . . . . + + + . . + . + . + 1 . 7 30 ,4 C re pi s v esi ca ria . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 + + + + . + . . . . 7 30 ,4 G er an iu m m ol le . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 1 1 + . . + 6 26 ,1 C ru cia ta la ev ip es + . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . + + + + 6 26 ,1 Ru bu s c ae siu s . . . . . . . . . . . . + . + . 1 . . 1 2 . . 5 21 ,7 G er an iu m p yr en ai cu m su bs p. p yr en ai cu m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . 1 1 . + + 5 21 ,7 Ar te m isi a ve rlo tio ru m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . + . + 1 . + . 5 21 ,7 O ro ba nc he g ra cil is . . . . . . r r . r r . + . . . . . . . . . . 5 21 ,7 Cy no su ru s e ch in at us . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . + . . + . . + + 5 21 ,7 C ar ex p al les ce ns 1 + 1 + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 21 ,7 M yo so tis a rv en sis su bs p. a rv en sis . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . + . . . + . + . 4 17 ,4 D an th on ia a lp in a . . . + + 1 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 17 ,4 C lin op od iu m v ul ga re . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . + . . . . + . 3 13 ,0 Ju nc us a rt icu la tu s s ub sp . a rt icu la tu s + + . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 13 ,0 C us cu ta ep ith ym um . . . . . . . . + r r . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 13 ,0 D ac ty lo rh iz a m ac ul at a su bs p. fu ch sii r . . . . . . r . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . 3 13 ,0 Eq ui set um te lm at eia . . . . . . . r + r . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 13 ,0 H eli cto ch lo a pr ae tu tia na su bs p. p ra et ut ia na . . . . . . + . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . + 3 13 ,0 G er an iu m co lu m bi nu m . . . . . . + . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . + 3 13 ,0 Po te nt ill a er ec ta 1 . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 13 ,0 C lem at is vi ta lb a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 . . 2 8, 7 C irs iu m a rv en se . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . + . 2 8, 7 Eu pa to riu m ca nn ab in um . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . + . . 2 8, 7 So lid ag o vi rg au re a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . + . . 2 8, 7 Th al ict ru m a qu ile gi ifo liu m su bs p. a qu ile gi ifo liu m r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 2 8, 7 Bu ni um b ul bo ca sta nu m . . . . . r . . . r . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8, 7 G al iu m a ni so ph yll on . . . . . + + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8, 7 Ve ro ni ca p er sic a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . + . . . . 2 8, 7 An isa nt ha st er ili s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . + . . . 2 8, 7 Ai ra el eg an tis sim a su bs p. el eg an tis sim a . . . . . . + 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8, 7 Br iz a m ax im a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 + . . . . . 2 8, 7 Ai ra ca ry op hy lle a . . . . . . . . . r + . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8, 7 C ha er op hy llu m te m ul um . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . 1 4, 3 H ol cu s m ol lis su bs p. m ol lis . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4, 3 Al ch em ill a sp . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4, 3 C ar da m in e h irs ut a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . 1 4, 3 C ar ex sy lv at ica . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4, 3 Eq ui set um a rv en se . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . 1 4, 3 G al iu m p al us tre . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4, 3 Ja co ba ea er uc ifo lia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . 1 4, 3 O rc hi s p ur pu re a . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . 1 4, 3 O rn ith og al um d iv er ge ns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 4, 3 So nc hu s a sp er . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . 1 4, 3 21/1 • 2022, 41–72 72 Ballelli et al. Non-calcareous grasslands of the Monti Sibillini National Park: coenological structure, syntaxonomy, ecology, and floristic aspects Re le vé n um be r 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Vi cia p er eg rin a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . 1 4, 3 Le uc an th em um a du stu m su bs p. a du stu m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . 1 4, 3 La th yr us cl ym en um . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 4, 3 H yp er icu m p er fo ra tu m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . 1 4, 3 Si len e v ul ga ris su bs p. te no re an a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . 1 4, 3 D ra be lla m ur al is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . 1 4, 3 M yo so tis ra m os iss im a su bs p. ra m os iss im a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . 1 4, 3 Po a bu lb os a su bs p. b ul bo sa . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4, 3 Se ra pi as li ng ua . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . 1 4, 3 Tr ifo liu m n ig re sce ns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + 1 4, 3 Vu lp ia m yu ro s s ub sp . m yu ro s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . 1 4, 3 D an th on ia d ec um be ns su bs p. d ec um be ns . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4, 3 C ar ex le po rin a + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4, 3