HACQUETIA 11/1 • 2012, 91-111 DOI: 10.2478/v10028-012-0004-3 DRY GRAssLAND coMMuNITIEs of ERYSIMO-TRIFOLIETUM IN THE NORTHeastern part of the republic of Macedonia Renata CUšTEREVSKA1*, Vlado MATEVSKI^, Mitko KOSTADINOVSKI1 & Andraž ČARNI3'4 Abstract The study deals with the distribution and classification of the association Erysimo-Trifolietum Micevski 1977 (alliance Trifolion cherleri Micevski 1971, order Astragalo-Potentilletalia Micevski 1971, class Festuco-Brometea Br. Bl. et Tx. 1943). The association develops on siliceous bedrock of the northern and northeastern parts of the Republic of Macedonia. After the research of dry grasslands in the region of Kratovo, enough information was available to prepare a synthetic overview of the association Erysimo-Trifolietum. Within the frame of this association, two new subassoaciations are described - subass. scleranthetosum subass. nova and subass. brachypodietosum subass. nova. Analysis of geoelements showed that sub-Mediterranean species are the most numerous and analysis of life forms provided evidence of their therophyto-hemicryptophytic physiognomy. The paper also presents the localities of occurrence, their floristic composition, synecological characteristics, life forms incidence and areal types. Key words: Erysimo-Trifolietum, geoelements, life forms, syntaxonomy, vegetation, Republic of Macedonia. Izvleček Raziskava se ukvarja z razširjenostjo in klasifikacijo asociacije Erysimo-Trifolietum Micevski 1977 (zveza Trifolion cherleri Micevski 1971, red Astragalo-Potentilletalia Micevski 1971, razred Festuco-Brometea Br. Bl. et Tx. 1943). Asociacija se pojavlja na silikatni podlagi v severnem in severovzhodnem delu Republike Makedonije. Po zaključenih raziskavah v okolici Kratova, smo razpolagali z zadostno količino podatkov, da smo lahko pripravili sintetični pregled asociacije Erysimo-Trifolietum. V okviru asociacije smo opisali dve novi subasocia-ciji - subasociacijo sclerathetosum subass. nova in brachypodietosum subass. nova. Analiza horološkega spektra je pokazala, da so v združbah najbolj pogoste submediteranske vrste, analiza življenjskih oblik pa kaže na terofitsko-hemikriptofitski značaj te asociacije. Delo prikazuje lokalitete, kjer se združbe pojavljajo, floristično zgradbo, sinekološke značilnosti, spekter življenjskih oblik in horološki spekter. Ključne besede: Erysimo-Trifolietum, geoelementi, življenjske oblike, sintaksonomija vegetacija, Republika Makedonija. 1. INTRODUCTION Dry grasslands have existed in the landscape of Europe since the Pleistocene and they are western outposts of the vast steppes of Russia and the Ukraine (Kunes et al. 2008, Werger 2009), and can be primary and secondary. On the territory of the Republic of Macedonia they are maintained by human activities. With the abandonment of traditional agriculture, they have become overgrown, mainly by thermophilous deciduous forest of Quercetalia pubescentis. During the 20th century, they therefore became fragmented and are among endangered habitats. Various activities 1 Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Gazi Baba b/b - P.O. Box 162, MK-1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia. 2 Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Bul. Krste Misirkov, 2, P.O. Box 428, MK-1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia. 8 Institute of Biology, Scientific Research Center of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Novi trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. 4 University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska cesta 13, SI-5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia. * corresponding author: renatapmf@yahoo.com for the preservation of dry grasslands are taking place throughout Europe. (Dzwonko & Loster 2007, Kiehl & Pfadenauer 2007, Dostalek & Fran-tik 2008, Čarni & al. 2009, Kavgaci & al. 2010) In continental parts of Europe, dry grasslands of lower altitudes are mainly classified within the class of Festuco-Brometea. In Atlantic and sub-Atlantic parts of Europe, appearing also in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula, there appear lowland dry grasslands over acidic substrate, dominated by Nardus stricta, but in the southern Balkans, such vegetation appears at higher altitudes and can be classified within Cal-luno-Ulicetea or Juncetea trifidi. (Micevski 1994, Redžic 2007, Velev & Apostolova 2009) Dry grasslands in the southern part of the Balkan Peninsula are classified in the endemic order Astragalo-Potentilletalia within the class Festuco-Brometea. (Micevski 1971, Rodwell et al. 2002, Bergmeier & al. 2009). The dry grasslands on siliceous geological bedrock on the territory of the Republic of Macedonia are assigned to the class Festuco-Brometea, order Astragalo-Potentilletalia and alliance Trifo-lion cherleri. The order Astragalo-Potentilletalia (Micevski 1971) and alliance Trifolion cherleri (Micevski 1972) that comprises the vegetation of dry grassland on siliceous, have been described on the territory of Macedonia. Many elaboration of this vegetation exist over the wider area of the southern Balkans (Micevski 1970, 1972, 1973, 1977, 1978, 1994, Horvatic & Randjelovic 1973, Randjelovic 1975, Rexhepi 1979, Randjelovic & Ružic 1982, 1986, Ružic 1983, Micevski & Matevski 1984, Konstantinou 1992, Matevski & Kostadinovski 1998, Matevski et al. 2007, Sopotlieva & Apostolova 2007, Bergmeier 2009, Čarni et al. 2010). Five associations have been described in Macedonia so far, Tunico-Trisetetum myrianthi Micevski 1972 (in the region of Gevgelija and Bitola), Helianthemo-Euphorbietum thessalae Micevski 1973 (in the region of Kočani, Prilep, Veles and Makedonska Kamenica), Erysimo-Trifolietum Micevski 1977 (in the region of Skopje, Radoviš, Štip, Probištip, Kratovo and Veles), Diantho-Cistetum incani Micevski et Matevski 1984 (in the region of Gevgelija) and Biserrulo-Scleranthetum dichoto-mae Matevski et Kostadinovski 1998 (in the Mari-ovo region). Here we deal with the dry grassland communities of Erysimo-Trifolietum, which develops on siliceous bedrock up to 900 m. It is widespread in the central, northern and northeastern part of the Republic of Macedonia (Micevski 1977). The aim of the article is to identify the position of newly acquired data of dry grassland vegetation in the eastern part of the Republic of Macedonia. After syntaxonomic classification of data within the association Erysimo-Trifolietum, we investigated its floristic, phytogeographical and structural diversity, as well as its detailed distribution pattern. Finally, we describe new syn-taxa and discuss the classification of dry grasslands in the southern Balkans. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS During 2004 and 2005, field studies were conducted on many dry grassland localities in the region of Kratovo, on both sides of the River Kriva. We collected 81 vegetation samples (relevés) with plot size 100 m2, inhomogeneous relevés are expelled, where mixture of silicate and carbonate plant appears, other are shown in Table 1. The average annual temperature for this region is 11.4 oC, and the average annual rainfall is 728.4 mm (Lazarevski 1993). Vegetation research was carried out according to the Braun-Blanquet approach (Braun-Blanquet 1964; Westhoff & van der Maarel 1973). The nomenclature of plant species is according to Flora Europaea (Tutin et al. 1964-1993); Prodromusflorae peninsulaeBalcanicae (Hayek 1927-1933), Flora of the Republic of Macedonia (Micevski 1985, 1993, 1995, 1998, 2001, 2005), Flora of Bulgaria (Jor-danov 1963-1979; Velchev 1982, Kozuharov 1992, 1995), Flora of the SR Serbia (Josifovic 1970-1977), as well as many other monographs and floristic and taxonomic articles. The syntaxonomy and nomenclature of the new plant communities are in accordance with the International Code of Phyto-sociological Nomenclature (Weber al. 2000). Vegetation relevés made in the field and from literature sources were entered in the Turboveg database (Hennekens et al. 2001). The combined values for the cover-abundance scale was transformed according to Van der Maarel (1979) for the purpose of numerical analysis. Classifications of relevés were made by the program PC-ORD 4 (McCune & Mefford 1999) where Ward's, Flexible beta methods and the relative Euclidean distance were applied. Vegetation relevés were also analyzed by the computer program JUICE 6.4 (Tichy 2006), whereby diagnostic species were determined using fidelity measure coefficients (Barkman 1979, Chytry et al. 2002). Life forms according to Raunkiaer (1934) were used for defining the biological spectrum. Geoelements were established according to Gajic (1980) and Pignatti (2005). The proportion of therophytes and hemicryptophytes was visualised by a Mean plot diagram in the computer program Statistica 7.0. (StatSoft, 2007). The results of numerical analysis were used to elaborate an analytic table (Table 1). All plant taxa appearing in the relevés were classified into the corresponding syntaxa. The basis for this classification was a synthetic table (not shown in the article), including the calculation of fidelity measurements, and expert knowledge. The basic soil properties (soil type, pH and CaC03 concentration) were analyzed and determined. The pH value of the soil solution was elec-trometrically determined with a glass electrode in water suspension and 1 M KCl, while the carbonate concentration in the soil was determined by Scheibler's volumetric method (Mitriceski et al. 2001). 3. RESULTS We first made a cluster analysis with the formed database, which consists of 257 vegetation relevés. The results are presented as a dendrogram (Figure 1). It can be seen that vegetation relevés made during of our investigations in the northern parts of the Republic of Macedonia (around in Kratovo region) are divided into two clusters (numbers 1 and 2) and they are mostly related to vegetation relevés of the ass. Erysimo-Trifolietum (cluster with ordinal number 3). Our relevés show a floristic affinity to Erysimo-Trifolietum and all nine diagnostic taxa proposed by Micevski (1977) appear; it was decided to classify the relevés under consideration into Erysimo-Trifolietum. The relevés classified within Erysimo-Trifo-lietum were elaborated separatly. The results are presented as a dendrogram (Figure 2), in which it can be seen that the vegetation relevés are grouped in four clusters. It was decided that these four groups represent independent syntaxa, i.e., subassociations of the association Erysimo-Trifolietum, as typicum, onobrychidetosum, scleran-thetosum and brachypodietosum. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Figure 1: Dendrogram of hierarchical clustering of the vegetation relevés of the alliance Trifolion cherleri from the territory of the Republic of Macedonia in 9 clusters (flexible beta method, relative Euclidean distance). Legend: cluster 1 and cluster 2 - Erysimo-Trifolietum (Tab. I/1-25; II/26-53; III/1-32; Micevski, 1977); cluster 3 - Tab. 1/1-62 (own relevés) cluster 4- Tab. 1/63-72 (own relevés); cluster 5 and cluster 7 -Helianthemo-Euphorbietum thessalae (literature data); cluster 6 -Tunico-Trisetetum myrianthi (literature data); cluster 8 - Biserrulo-Scleranthetum dichotomae (literature data); and cluster 9 - Diantho-Cistetum incani (literature data); Slika 1: Dendrogram hierarhičnega kopičenja vege4acijskih popisov zveze Trifolion cherleri z ozemlja Republike Makedonije: 7 snopov (Wardova metoda, relativna evklidska razdalje). Legenda: snop 1 - Tabela 1/63-72 (lastni popisi); snop 2 - Tabela 1/1-62 (lastni popisi); snop 3 - Erysimo-Trifolietum (literaturni podatki); snop 4 - Tunico-Trisetetum myrianthi (literaturni podatki); snop 5 - Helianthemo-Euphorbietum thessalae (literaturni podatki); snop 6 - Biserrulo-Scleranthe-tum dichotomae (literaturni podatki); in snop 7 - Diantho-Cistetum incani (literaturni podatki). 12 3 t Figute 2: Dendrogram of hierarchical clustering of the vegetation relevés of the ass. Erysimo-Trifolietum Micevski 1977 on the territory of the Republic of Macedonia in four clusters (Ward's method, relative Euclidean distance); cluster 1 - Table 1/63-72 - Erysimo-Trifolietum beachypodietosum, cluster 2 -Table 1/1-62 - Erysimo-Trifolietum scleranthetosum, cluster 3 - Erysimo-Trifolietum typicum, cluster 4 - Erysimo-Trifo-lietum onobrychidietosum. Slika 2: Dendrogram hierarhičnega kopičenja vegetacijskih popisov asociacije Erysimo-Trifolietum Micevski 1977 z ozemlja Republike Makedonije: 4 snopi (Wardova metoda, relative Evklidska razdalja); snop 1 - Tabela 1/63-72 - Erysimo-Trifo-lietum brachypodietosum, snop 2 - Tabela 1/1-62 - Erysimo-Trifolietum scleranthetosum, snop 3 - Erysimo-Trifolietum typicum, snop 4 - Erysimo-Trifolietum onobrychidietosum. The individuality of the four groups was also confirmed by calculation of differences in the biological spectrum (life forms) and phytogeo-graphical structure (geoelements) (Table 3, 4). The difference in the presence of therophytes and hemicryptophytes in the four groups of relevés (subassociations) is statistically significant (Figure 3, 4). The spread of the relevés from the first to the fourth group is generally from north to south, by which the impact of continental climate is reduced and the impact of the sub-Mediterranean climate is increased. Therophytes, as the plants most adapted to arid conditions, appear in a dry and hot climate in which the vegetation period is shorter. It seems that the main difference between the subassociations is the proportion of therophytes and hemicryptopytes, which correlates to the geographical position and this is shown in the map of the distribution of the four subassociations (Figure 5). Their biological and chorological spectra are presented in Tables 2 and 3. Table 2: Biological spectrum of the subassociations of the ass. Erysimo diffusi-Trifolietum angustifolii Micevski 1977. Tabela 2: Biološki spekter subasociacij asociacije Erysimo diffusi-Trifolietum angustifolii Micevski 1977. life form (%) T Ch G H Ph subass. brachypodietosum 5S 40 2 4 1 subass. scleranthetosum 54 S9 5 2 0 subass. typicum 56 S8 S S 0 subass. onobrychietosum 64 29 5 2 0 Table 3: Chorological spectrum of the subassociations of the ass. Erysimo diffusi-Trifolietum angustifolii Micevski 1977. Tabela 3: Horološki spekter subasociacij asociacije Erysimo diffusi-Trifolietum angustifolii Micevski 1977. Areal types (%) d o . ss. hy ac suba brac sb u to th ss. rant u cl M tc typ a uba Eurasian Sl S4 S0 S2 Euromediterranean S6 S2 S6 S6 Stenomediterranean 10 l 10 1l Mediterranean-mountain 2 S 5 S Balkanic and sub-Balkanic 5 11 l 5 Boreal 2 S S 0 Cosmopolitan S 10 S l 12 3 4 Figure 3: Mean plot diagram. Proportion of therophytes in groups of relevés (subassociations): 1 - subass. brachypodie-tosum, 2 - subass. scleranthetosum, 3 - subass. typicum and 4 - subass. onobrychietosum. Slika 3: Diagram srednjih vrednosti. Delež terofitov v skupinah popisov (subasociacijah): 1 - subass. brachypodietosum, 2 - subass. scleranthetosum, 3 - subass. typicum in 4 - subass. onobrychietosum. s. y sr as b bo ub n so 1 2 i 4 Figure 4: Mean plot diagram. Proportion of hemicryptophytes in groups of relevés (subassociations): 1 - subass brachypodietosum, 2 - subass. scleranthetosum, 3 - subass. typi-cum and 4 - subass. onobrychidietosum. Slika 4: Diagram srednjih vrednosti. Delež hemikriptofitov v skupinah popisov (subasociacijah): 1 - subass. brachypodietosum, 2 - subass. scleranthetosum, 3 - subass. typicum in 4 - subass. onobrychietosum. aroicf I , • St> UJflliW .. Ï Trnir.ji H f % gf-9^Wi ai^^fP HH jg^^JT »\V ■[:..,_.. KKiihH"'« r' y .muiuc r" \ riuicn a j" i . u ». 1 ,v < iv \j- , _ ' ■ " . ■ i. \ ■•Kirnnora 1 o,'<, ¡M>- , ? ' Bajram Curn 0 / mam tv'wMadfW >• )Bl(Jt"' - U . ixnn litr^0 * J*» » / « 1\SWIWE ill V ¿¡»»uffl-^ t 1 ¡'ryiUm17'13 r^ Figure 5: Distribution of the subassociations of the association Erysimo-Trifolietum, 1 - subass. brachypodietosum, 2 - subass. scleranthetosum, 3 - subass. typicum and 4 - subass. Onobrychietosum. Slika 5: Razporeditev subasociacij associacije Erysimo-Trifolietum, 1 - subass. brachypodietosum, 2 - subass. scleranthetosum, 3 - subass. typicum in 4 - subass. onobrychietosum. 4. DISCUSSION The results show that the vegetation of dry grasslands in the research area around Kratovo should be classified into the association Erysimo-Trifo-lietum Micevski 1977. Under the original syntaxo-nomic concept, it is part of the alliance Trifolion cherleri, which includes the community on rock and highland pastures on siliceous bedrock, in the order Astragalo-Potentiletallia and the class Festuco-Brometea (Micevski 1977). The position of the alliance Trifolion cherleri in modern syntaxonomic systems is often defined differently from its original conception. Thus, according to Rodwell et al. (2002), which provides a review of phytocenological alliances and their correlation with EUNIS habitats, the alliance Trifolion cherleri is not part of the order Astragalo-Potentilletalia and the class Festuco-Brometea but within the order Helianthemetalia guttati Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1940, from the class Helianthemetea guttati (Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1952) Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. 1963. This new syntaxonomic solution is accepted by Sopotlieva & Apostolova (2007) and the first time they register the ass. Erysimo-Trifolietum on the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria, they place it in the class Helianthemetea guttati. The problem of the syntaxonomic position of the alliance Trifolion cherleri described on the territory of the Republic of Macedonia (represented by five associations also described from its territory) is still an open question. A definitive solution requires extensive research into its broader areal, based on the most recent findings presented in the works of Royer (1991), Mucina (1997), Rodwell et al. (2002) and others. In this paper, we adhere to the syntaxonomy within the frame of the class Festuco-Brometea, in which have been subordinated community from the belt of mountain pastures in the territory of the Republic of Macedonia. According to the results of analysis within the frame of the ass. Erysimo-Trifolietum from northeastern parts of the Republic of Macedonia, two new well- separated subassociations can be distinguished, we propose the following syntaxonomic scheme of the association: Class: Festuco-Brometea Br. Bl. et Tx. 1943 Order: Astragalo - Potentilletalia Micevski 1971 Alliance: Trifolion cherleri Micevski 1971 ass. Erysimo diffusi-Trifolietum angusti-folii Micevski 1977 (Table 1 (Micevski 1977), lectotypus hoc loco: relevé no. 9) - subass. typicum Micevski 1977 - subass. onobrychietosum Micevski 1977 (Table 3 (Micevski 1977), lectotypus hoc loco: relevé no. 14) - subass. scleranthetosum subass. nova - subass. brachypodietosum subass. nova Erysimo diffusi-Trifolietum angustifolii scleran-thetosum subass. nova (Table 1, relevés 1-62, holotypus hoc loco: relevé no. 11) Registered at several locations around Krato-vo, at 453-735 m height, inclination up to 10°, in fields with different aspects (mostly with a southern aspect) (Figure 6). The differential species of the subassociation scleranthetosum are Logfia arvensis, Scleranthus perennis subsp. dichotomus, Sedum hispanicum, Ver-bascum lesnovoensis, Trifolium retusum, Valerianella turgida and Elymus hispidus subsp. hispidus. The results of chemical analysis of soil samples taken from the soil profile on a representative vegetation relevé are shown in Table 4. Table 4: Soil type results and pH. Tabela 4: Tipi tal in pH. Serial Soil Horizon and Locality CaSO3 pH No. type depth (cm) (%) H2O nKCl 1 leptosol (A) 0-5 v. Kuklica - Vidim 0 7.5 6.4 2 leptosol (A) 0-10 v. Filipovci 0 6.9 5.4 3 leptosol (A) 0-8 v. Konju 0 7.1 5.8 In the researched leptosols, because of the shallow solum, supplying the plants with water and nutrients is obstructed and the habitats must therefore be considered extremely xerothermic. The profile with serial number 1 is particularly xerothermic. Stands of the subass. scleranthetosum were registered on very eroded habitats, so they contain many xerothermic species that are specific to that type of habitat (Scleranthus perennis subsp. dichotomus, Sedum annuum, Sedum hispanicum, Sedum sartorianum, Sedum rubens, Valerianella turgida, Minuartia hirsuta subsp. falcata, Psilurus incurvus, Figure 6: Location of the investigated area (village Pendac). Slika 6: Lokaliteta na raziskovanem območju (vas Pendac). Poa bulbosa, Eragrostis minor, Vulpia ciliata, Logfia arvensis and others), which determine the physiognomy of the plant cover. The communities representing the subass. scleranthetosum contain 250 plant species. Their biological and chorological spectra are presented in Table 2 and 3. From the analysis of the floristic composition and percentage incidence of the life forms, it is obvious that this is a typical sub-Mediterranean community. The large percentage incidence of therophytes (54%) is in direct correlation with the influence of the modified sub-Mediterranean climate. The chorological spectrum in the studied areas shows great phytogeographic diversity. Erysimo diffusi-Trifolietum angustifolii brachypodietosum subass. nova (Table 1, relevés. 63-72, Holotypus hoc loco: relevé no. 66) The floristic composition of the community in the area is very rich and is shown in Table 1. The subassoaciation is clearly differentiated and is characterized by the following species -Minuartia hamata, Brachypodium distachyon, Echi-naria capitata, Ziziphora capitata, Linum corymbu-losum, Coronilla scorpioides, Buffonia tenuifolia and Dianthus pallens. According to the chemical analysis of soil samples taken from representative relevés of the researched areas, the soil reaction in H20 is pH -6.6, and in nKCl is 5.4. Based on the American classification of soil reaction in water specified by Filipovski (1984), the soil of this locality has a neutral reaction. The alliance Trifolion cherleri is poorly char- acterized and is represented with several taxa -Taeniatherum caput-medusae, Galium macedonicum and Aphanes arvensis. This is probably the result of the large number of calcifilic species that have found favourable conditions for development within the subassociation and they have probably outcompeted most of the characteristic species of the alliance Trifolion cherleri. The presence of many calcifilic species is specific for the researched stands of this subassociation around Kratovo, although there is a lack of limestone as a geological substrate. This could be explained by the influence of limestone from the deeper soil layers or the presence of limestone as a geology substrate in the surroundings. The communities representing the subass. brachypodietosum contain 162 plant species. Their biological and chorological spectra are presented in Table 2 and 3. From analysis of the floristic composition and percentage incidence of life forms, this is obviously a typical sub-Mediterranean community. The group of Mediterranean areal types (Steno-Mediterranean, Euromediterranean, and Mediterranean-mountain) is dominant and provides a strong sub-Mediterranean imprint to the vegetation of the researched area. This group is represented by 48 percent and usually inhabits thero-xerophylous habitats. 5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful to the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts for financial support of the research. The authors acknowledge also the financial support from the Slovenian Research Agency (projects No L1-9737, P1-0236). R. C. is grateful to the Institute of Biology, Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts to get opportunity to work at the institute. Thanks to Marjan Andreevski for help with ped-ological analysis. 6. 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Weber, H, E., Moravec, J. & Theurillat, J.-P. 2000: International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature. 3 ed. Journal of Vegetation Science 11 (5): 739-768. Westhoff, V. & van der Maarel, E. 1973: The Braun-Blanquet approach. In: Whittaker R. H. (ed.): ordination and classification of communities, Dr. W. Junk Publ., The Hague. p. 619-737. Received 17. 8. 2011 Revision received 22. 2. 2012 Accepted 5. 3. 2012 7. APPENDIX Localities of the reléves and cover of the layers in Table 1. Running number, locality aspect, altitude (m), cover, inclination (%), latitude, longitude, and sampling date are presented, respectively.'" 1: Ketenovo, E, 431, 79, 24, 42° 6' 32.31" N, 22° 5' 4.05" E, 28. 05. 2004; 2: Ketenovo, E, 459, 82, 30, 42° 6' 36.65" N, 22° 5' 4.07" E, 28. 05. 2004; 3: Ketenovo, NE, 478, 83, 17, 42° 6' 36.51" N, 22° 5' 2.79" E, 28. 05. 2004; 4: Pendac, SW, 590, 87, 6, 42° 6' 50.42" N, 22° 0' 58.86" E, 05. 06. 2004; 5: Pendac, SE, 593, 78, 8, 42° 6' 55.98" N, 22° 0' 50.57" E, 05. 06. 2004; 6: Pendac, SW, 665, 91, 4, 42° 7' 11.30" N, 22° 0' 57.03" E, 06. 06. 2004; 7: Pendac, SW, 652, 97, 3, 42° 7' 6.95" N; 22° 0' 47.04" E, 06. 06. 2004; 8: Pendac, SW, 635, 83, 3, 42° 7' 7.99" N, 22° 0' 29.22" E, 06. 06. 2004; 9: Filipovci, E, 544, 98, 6, 42° 3' 16.00" N, 22° 4' 45.01" E, 09. 06. 2004; 10: Filipovci, S, 548, 89, 3, 42° 3' 16.49" N, 22° 4' 46.14" E, 09. 06. 2004; 11: Filipovci, SW, 569, 78, 4, 42° 3' 16.05" N; 22° 4' 51.46" E, 10. 06. 2004; 12: Filipovci, W, 575, 98, 42° 3' 15.18" N, 22° 4' 53.67" E, 09. 06. 2004; 13: Filipovci, N, 578, 100, 2, 42° 3' 17.31" N, 22° 4' 55.65" E, 10. 06. 2004; 14: Filipovci, W, 561, 100, 1, 42° 3' 21.08" N, 22° 4' 52.91" E, 10. 06. 2004; 15: S. Rudare, SW, 417, 100, 3, 42° 4' 47.56" N, 21° 59' 18.90" E, 07. 06. 2004; 16: S. Rudare, S, 423, 100, 10, 42° 4' 46.55" N, 21° 59' 20.93" E, 10. 06. 2004; 17: S. Rudare, SE, 445, 100, 9, 42° 4' 41.93" N, 21° 59' 30.47" E, 10. 06. 2004; 18: S. Rudare, SE, 440, 100, 3, 42° 4' 39.92" N, 21° 59' 32.24" E, 13. 06. 2004; 19: S. Rudare, SE, 433, 98, 8, 42° 4' 38.46" N; 21° 59' 34.17" E, 13. 06. 2004; 20: S. Rudare, W, 421, 92, 12, 42° 4' 53.82" N, 21° 59' 18.77" E, 13. 06. 2004; 21: S. Rudare, SW, 441, 100, 10, 42° 4' 52.62" N, 21° 59' 22.94" E, 13. 06. 2004; 22: Ketenovo, N, 454, 84, 13, 42° 6' 51.75" N; 22° 5' 1.21" E, 29. 05. 2004; 23: Ketenovo, NW, 427, 96, 17, 42° 6' 50.34" N, 22° 5' 7.30" E, 29. 05. 2004; 24: Kuklica, W, 678, 100, 11, 42° 6' 2.97" N, 22° 1' 5.12" E, 31. 05. 2005; 25: Kuklica, N, 413, 100, 15, 42° 5' 3.75" N, 22° 1' 6.56" E, 31. 05. 2005; 26: Kuk-lica, N, 427, 100, 3, 42° 5' 4.58" N, 22° 1' 18.57" E, 31. 05. 2005; 27: Kuklica, S, 395, 100, 1, 42° 4' 59.40" N, 22° 1' 24.93" EE, 03. 06. 2005; 28: Kuklica, NE, 401, 100, 1, 42° 5' 2.27" N, 22° 1' 24.85" E, 03. 06. 2005; 29: Kuklica, E, 404, 100, 5, 42° 5' 1.31" N, 22° 1' 23.20" E, 03. 06. 2005; 30: Kuklica, S, 598, 97, 3, 42° 5' 40.08" N, 22° 1' 34.89" E, 28. 05. 2005; 31: Kuklica, SE, 678, 98, 15, 42° 5' 43.80" N, 22° 1' 48.88" E, 28. 05. 2005; 32: Kuklica, S, 765, 100, 17, 42° 6' 22.25" N, 22° 1' 32.11" E, 29. 05. 2005; 33: Kuklica, SW, 705, 72, 5, 42° 5' 49.71" N, 22° 1' 39.49" E, 28. 05. 2005; 34: Kukli-ca, NE, 698, 75, 8, 42° 6' 6.78" N, 22° 1' 39.76" E, 28. 05. 2005; 35: Kuklica, S, 660, 68, 4, 42° 5' 57.40" N, 22° 1' 12.54" E, 29. 05. 2005; 36: Kuklica, S, 650, 74, 3, 42° 5' 55.95" N, 22° 1' 12.29" E, 29. 05. 2005; 37: Kuklica, S, 719, 78, 5, 42° 6' 5.52" N, 22° 1' 10.10" E, 29. 05. 2005; 38: Kuklica, E, 727, 80, 8, 42° 6' 9.29" N, 22° 1' 13.23" E, 01. 06. 2005; 39: Kuklica, SE, 745, 80, 4, 42° 6' 20.84" N, 22° 1' 17.13" E, 01. 06. 2005; 40: Kuklica, E, 741, 100, 25, 42° 6' 35.53" N, 22° 1' 39.11" E, 29. 05. 2009; 41: Kuklica, E, 535, 95,12, 42° 5' 34.38" N, 22° 1' 31.14" E, 05. 06. 2005; 42: Kuklica, N, 541, 98, 7, 42° 5' 37.42" N, 22° 1' 12.30" E, 05. 06. 2005; 43: Kuk-lica, S, 390, 68, 5, 42° 4' 56.03" N, 22° 1' 17.31" E, 01. 06. 2005; 44: Kuklica, SE, 387, 72, 10, 42° 4' 56.00" N, 22° 1' 23.00" E, 01. 06. 2005; 45: Kuklica, E, 396, 96, 9, 42° 5' 0.46" N, 22° 1' 25.30" E, 01. 06. 2005; 46: Kuklica, S, 387, 67, 5, 42° 4' 56.00" N, 22° 1' 5.00" E, 31. 05. 2005; 47: Kuklica, S, 400, 69, 7, 42° 4' 59.00" N, 22° 1' 6.00" E, 31. 05. 2005; 48: Kuklica, S, 406, 72, 9, 42° 5' 2.00" N, 22° 1' 5.00" E, 31. 05. 2005, 04. 06. 2005; 49: Kuklica, S, 472, 62, 15, 42° 5' 26.00" N, 22° 1' 17.00" E, 01. 06. 2005; 50: Kuklica, SW, 476, 78, 9, 42° 5' 28.23" N, 22° 1' 10.35" E, 04. 06. 2005; 51: Kuklica, S, 480, 86, 9, 42° 5' 27.19" N, 22° 1' 15.26" E, 04. 06. 2005; 52: Kuklica, SW, 487, 80, 5, 42° 5' 28.09" N, 22° 1' 20.79" E, 04. 06. 2005; 53: Kuklica, S, 502, 90, 10, 42° 5' 30.00" N, 22° 1' 29.00" E, 04. 06. 2005; 54: Kuklica, W, 403, 88, 14, 42° 5' 7.16" N, 22° 0' 34.46" E, 05. 06. 2005; 55: Kuklica, S, 398, 86, 15, 42° 5' 7.02" N, 22° 0' 42.77" E, 05. 06. 2005; 56: Kuklica, SW, 499, 89, 16, 42° 5' 10.00" N, 22° 0' 45.00" E, 05. 06. 2005; 57: Ljoljak, S, 461, 94, 5, 42° 5' 5.89" N, 21° 57' 48.12" E, 04. 06. 2005; 58: Ljoljak, S, 467, 99, 4, 42° 5' 7.26" N, 21° 57' 46.64" E, 04. 06. 2004; 59: Konju, NE, 455, 98, 4, 42° 5' 5.90" N, 21° 57' 50.79" E, 04. 06. 2004; 60: Konju, 5. 470, 98, 6, 42° 5' 8.15" N, 21° 57' 44.43" E, 07. 06. 2004; 61: Konju, S, 464, 88, 3, 42° 5' 10.22" N, 21° 57' 36.31" E, 07. 06. 2004; 62: Pendac, SE, 592, 79, 4, 42° 6' 50.90" N, 22° 0' 58.88" E, 05. 06. 2004; 63: Trnovac, SE, 550, 98, 4, 42° 7' 19.26" N, 22° 4' 43.17" E, 02. 06. 2004; 64: Trnovac, S, 559, 99, 5, 42° 7' 17.91" N, 22° 4' 40.99" E, 02. 06. 2004; 65: Trnovac, S, 550, 94, 8, 42° 7' 16.97" N, 22° 4' 41.36" E, 03. 06. 2004; 66: Trnovac, E, 503, 90, 7, 42° 7' 17.35" N, 22° 4' 52.55" E, 03. 06. 2004; 67: Trnovac, NE, 512, 97, 9, 42° 7' 18.35" N, 22° 4' 51.06" E, 03. 06. 2004; 68: Trnovac, E, 495, 100, 5, 42° 7' 16.45" N, 22° 4' 53.52" E, 25. 05. 2004; 69: Trnovac, NE, 513, 97, 14, 42° 7' 17.75" N, 22° 4' 50.33" E, 25. 05. 2004; 70: Trnovac, s, 526, 93, 17, 42° 7' 15.36" N, 22° 4' 45.20" E, 26. 05. 2004; 71: Trnovac, s, 521, 86, 12, 42° 7' 15.88" N, 22° 4' 46.62" E, 27. 05. 2004; 72: Trnovac, s, 540, 98, 7, 42° 7' 16.30" N, 22° 4' 43.08" E, 26. 05. 2004; 3aegH^H og Erysimo-Trifolietum Ha ßpgcKHTe nacHmTa bo ceBepo-HCTOHHHOT ge^ Ha Penyß^HKa MaKegoHHja BpgcKHTe nacnmTa Ha TepuTopujaTa Ha Peny6nuKa MaKegoHuja ce ceKyHgapHu Be^eTa^ucKH ^opManuu, $opMHpaHH co cy^ecHBHa u gonroTpajHa gerpa-ga^uja unu co noTnonHo yHumTyBaae Ha myMH, npeg ce og pegoT Quercetalia pubescentis, Knaca Querco-Fa-getea, bo hh3hhckhot nojac go 1200 (1400m). ^eHec Tue 3aB3eMaaT oKony 521.000 ha og TepuTopujaTa Ha Reny6nuKa MaKegoHuja. npunaraaT koh cojy3HTe Trifolion cherleri Mu^bcku 1971, Saturejo-Thymion Mh^bckh 1970 u Armerio-Potentillion Mh^bckh 1978 og pegoT Astragalo-Potentilletalia Mh^bckh 1971 u Knacara Festuco-Brometea Br. Bl. 1943. TepeHcKHTe ucTpa^yBafta bo TeKoT Ha 2004 u 2005 roguHa, on^aruja roneM 6poj Ha noKanuTeTu bo oKonuHara Ha KpaTOBo, Kage bo onraManHuoT BereTaqucKu nepuog (Maj u jyHu) HanpaBeHu ce 72 BereTaqucKu chumku, 3a ga ce perucTpupa BKynHuoT ^nopucTHKu cocTaB Ha ucTpa^yBaHaTa Be^eTa^uja. Ha ucTpa^yBaHoTO nogpanje goMuHupa yMepeHo KoHTuHeHTanHa, a bo HeKonKy genoBu u nnaHuHcKa KnuMa, co Tonnu u cyBu neTa u nagHu 3umu. CpegHa rogumHa TeMnepaTypa e 11,4 °C Be^eTa^ucKHTe ucTpa^yBafta ce HanpaBeHu co KnacuHHuoT eBponcKn MeTog (Braun Blanquet 1964; Westhoff & Van der Maarel, 1973). Be^eTa^ucKHTe chumku (concTBeHu u og nuTe-paTypa), BHeceHu ce bo 6a3aTa co ^ogaTO^u Turbo-veg (Hennekens, 2001). KoM6uHupaHaTa npo^HKa 3a öpojHOCT h noKpoBHoer TpaHc^opMupaHa e no Van der Maarel (1979). 3a Taa ^^ KopucreHu ce pa3^HHHH My^THBapHjaHTHH aHa^H3H og KOMnjyTepcKHTe npo-rpaMH PC-ORD 4 (Mc Cune & Mefford 1999), JUICE 6.4 (Tichy, 2006) u STATISTICA 7.0 (Stat Soft, Inc., www.statsoft.com). no ceon^aTHHTe aHa^rou u no cnoge^yBafteTO co npeTxogHO onumaHUTe aco^uja^uu Ha TepuTopujaTa Ha Penyö^HKa MaKegoHuja u cocegHUTe nogpanja, gojgoBMe go 3a^ynoK geKa Ha ucrpa^yBaHoro nog-panje ce pa3BuBaar c^egHme pacruTemu 3aegHu^u. Ass. Erysimo-Trifolietum Mu^bcku 1977 (cojy3 Trifolion cherleri, peg Astragalo-Potentilletalia, Kiaca Festuco-Brometea). Bo aco^uja^ujaTa ce u3gu$epeH^upaHu gBe hobh cy6aco^uja^uu - scleranthetosum subass. nova u brachypodietosum subass. nova. Subass. brachypodietosum subass. nova - e pe-rucTpupaHa bo 6^u3uHa Ha ce^oro TpHoBan. peH^ujaflHu BugoBu Ha oBaa cy6aco^uja^uja ce c^egHuTe: Minuartia hamata, Brachypodium dista-chyon, Echinaria capitata, Ziziphora capitata, Linum corymbulosum, Coronilla scorpioides, Buffonia tenui-folia u Dianthus pallens. Subass. scleranthetosum subass. nova - e peruc-TpupaHa Ha noBeie noKa^uTeTu bo oKo^uHara Ha KparoBo. flH$epeH^ujaflHu BugoBu Ha cy6aco^u-ja^ujaTa scleranthetosum no kou ce ogBojyBa og cy6aco^uja^ujaTa brachypodietosum ce Logfia arven-sis, Scleranthus perennis subsp. dichotomus, Sedum hi-spanicum, Verbascum lesnovoensis, Trifolium retusum, Valerianella turgida u Elymus hispidus subsp. hispidus. Table 1: Analytical table of ass. Erysimo diffusi-Trifolietum angustifolii Micevski 1977. Tabela 1: Analitična tabela asociacije Erysimo diffusi-Trifolietum angustifolii Micevski 1977. o o o o o o o o o l l l l l l l l l l 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Number of relevé l 2 3 4 5 6 l 8 9 o l 2 3 4 5 6 l 8 9 o l 2 3 4 5 6 l 8 Erysimo-Trifolietum Erysimum diffusum Trifolium sylvaticum Trifolium angustifolium Trifolium leucanthum Vulpia myuros Trifolium echinatum Trifolium striatum subsp. .striatum Trifolium physodes Ventenata dubia scleranthetosum subass. nova brachypodietosum subass. nova Minuartia hamata Brachypodium distachyon Echinaria capitata Ziziphora capitata Linum corymbulosum Coronilla scorpioides Buffonia tenuifolia Dianthus pallens Trifolion cherleri Taeniatherum caput-medusae Petrorhagia prolifera Galium macedonicum Vulpia ciliata Silene frivaldskyana Allium guttatum subsp. sardoum Aphanes arvensis Astragalo-Potentilletalia ++++ + . . l . + + +. + + + + + + + + + +. + +l l+ + + 22lllllll223llll .+ll + . . . + . . +.....+ + + + + +. . .+2 + + l+ + + +.+l +..........++. . + ....ll+2.l+..l........ ........+ +............. .......+..............+ Logfia arvensis 2 3 2 3 3 l l l 2 2 2 2 + l 3 l l 3 2 2 2.....+ + Scleranthus perennis subsp. dichotomus 3 l. l l l 3 2 + + l . +. + + ....... Sedum hispanicum l + l2 l + 2 2 2 l l .+ . . . l + . . . Verbascum lesnovoensis l + + +. + + + + . + + + + ....... Trifolium retusum +. + + + + .+. .. + ...+ l Valerianella turgida 2. 2 l 3 + .+ + + + + ...... Elymus hispidus + . + ...... l l 2 . lll2 + lllll2322ll2l . + + l l l + + + + . . l l + l l l l + + l l . + + l + + + + + + + .++. . +.............l++.l + . + . .....l . 2 + + l 2 2 . +...........+ + + + + ............ + + ........... + Astragalus onobrychis var. chlorocarpus f. chlorocarpus + 2 l 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 l 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 l l l + l l + l + l Bromus squarrosus l 2 l 2 2 2 l 2 3 2 2 2 + 3 l 2 2 2 l 2 2 + + l l + 2 2 Centaurea grisebachii + + 2 l l l l l l l l + + + l + + + + l l + + + + Potentilla laciniosa + l 2 l l + l l + l l + 2 l 3 2 l 2 + + l + + Thymus pseudo-atticus var. vardarensis 2 2 2 3 3 2 l 2 l 2 2 2 3 3 + 2 2 l l l l 2 2 + + + Dasypyrum villosum l 2 l l 2 l + l l l + + + l + + + + l l l Medicago rigidula 3 2 3 + + l l 2 l l + l l l l + + l + + l + + + l + + + Aegilops neglecta 2 + + l l + + + + + l + l + + + + + l l Xeranthemum annuum + l l l l + + l + + l + + + + + l l 2 l l + + + + + + + Ornithogalum comosum + + + l l l + + l l + + l l l l + + l l l + + Sedum sartorianum l l l l l + + + + + l l + + l + + Hypericum rumeliacum var. rumeliacum + + + l l l + + + + l + + l + + + + Petrorhagia illyrica subsp. haynaldiana + + + + + + + + + + + + + Dianthus gracilis subsp. gracilis + + + + + + + l l + + Galium tenuissimum 2 l l l l l + + l 2 l l 2 2 3 l 2 + + + + l + + 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1234567890 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 + 11111111111111 + 1+ + +11111 + 1 + . . .+ + + ++11 + 1+ + + + . 1 + 1 1 + 1 1 1 1 + 1+ + + + + + + + + +1 + 1 1 1+222 122 ......+121 + + + . + + ..... + ........ + + + + + . + ..............+ + + . + . . + . + . 1 + . ... + .+ +. 1................+ . + . ++1 + .+ + 21 ................................ 1 . ......... V V +++ + +. ++ +1 . 11 + 1 + +.......+ .+ +.+111.+ 1122+.....2+.+ + +..... ..1+......1+ + 2221++1 . . .++. . . .++......+ .+ +. 1121 + 11+21........... . . . .++. . . . 1++. . . 1++1 + 1.1.1............. 1 + . + 4 2 + 2 2 1 . . 1 + 1 + 12 2 1 . . 1 +.....+ . + .+ + +. 1 + 1 .. + .22.... 1 1 + ...... 1 +++ .. 1 + + 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 + + 1 1 + 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 + + + 1 1 + + 1 + + 1 1 + 1 + 1 1 + 1 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 111 + 111 + 11+ + +11 + 1+ +11++1 + 111121112 + + + + + + +111 . .++. . . + + +.........11 . . . .......+ . + . . + + + + + +1++1 + 1 . 111...... +...........................+1 . 11. ............................+..... ..............++... +.......+ ...11. 3 + 11 .1.. 1+ V III II II I I I + 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 + 1 + + + 1 1 + + + + 1 1 + + 1 + 1 1 2 2 2 + + + 1 + 1 1 + 2 1 1 + + 3 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 + 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 + 1 1 + 1 + + + 1 2 1 + 2 1 1 + 1 + + 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 + 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 + + + + + 1 + 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 + + 1 + 1 2 + 2 2 + 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 + 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 + 1 2 + + 1 + 1 + + + 1 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 1 + 1 + 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 + 1 1 + 1 2 + + + 1 2 1 + 1 1 1 2 + + 1 + + + + 1 1 + 1 1 + 1 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 1 1 1 + 1 + + 1 1 1 1 1 + + 1 + + + + 1 1 2 + 1 + 1 + 1 1 2 2 1 + + + 2 1 + 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 + + 1 1 + 1 + + + + + + + + + + 1 1 + + + + + 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 + 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 V 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 V + + + + + + + + V + + 1 + + + + + V 1 1 + 1 + 1 1 V + 1 1 + + + + 1 2 IV + + + IV 1 + 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 IV 4 3 2 + + + + 1 + 1 IV + + + + IV + + IV + + III + + + + + + + + III 1 + III 1 + + + + III + + + + 1 + + ++ + 1 + + ++ + 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Number of relevé 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Crepis sancta 2 1 1 1 1 + + + 1 1 1 1 + Minuartia hirsuta subsp. falcata 2 1 1 1 + 1 + 1 1 +. + 1 + Torilis leptophylla 1 + + 1 + + + + 1 + + Scabiosa triniifolia + + + + + + + Petrorhagia illyrica subsp. illyrica + + + + + + + + Acinos hungaricus + 1 + + + + + 1 1 Anthemis ruthenica + + + + 3 1+ + + 1 2 Viola kitaibeliana + 1 + + + +. 1 + Onobrychis alba subsp. calcarea var. echinata + + + + Crepis foetida subsp. rhoeadifolia + + + + + + + 1 + + ++ Crucianella graeca 1 + + + + 12 + + + + Sideritis montana 2 + 1 Leontodon crispus subsp. crispus Rumex acetosella var. multifidus Festuca thracica subsp. violaceo-sordida Bupleurum apiculatum Thymus tosevii subsp. tosevii var. tosevii Allium meteoricum Petrorhagia saxifraga Linaria simplex Thymelaea passerina f. passerina Echinops microcephalus Tragopogon balcanicus Potentilla argentea Plantago subulata Onobrychis alba subsp. calcarea Scabiosa argentea subsp. ucranica Allium stamineum Medicago prostrata subsp. pseudorupestris var. pseudorupestris f. pseudorupestris Euphorbia seguieriana subsp. niciciana Onobrychis alba subsp. calcarea var. striatula Festuco-Brometea + + + . 1 + ++ 2 1 + + + + . 1 + 1 + + 121+ +. +. 1+ ++ .+ 1 1 2 1+ Eryngium campestre 1 + 2 1 1 1 1 + 1 1 1 + 1 1 + 1 1 1 + 1 1 1 + + 1 + + Trifolium scabrum f. scabrum 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 + 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 + + + 1 + + Poa bulbosa 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 + 1 1 1 2 + + + + Herniaria incana var. incana + + + + + + + + 1 + 1 + + + 1 + + + + + + Dichanthium ischaemum 2 2 1 + 2 1 + 1 1 1 1 + + + 1 2 + + + + + Holosteum umbellatum + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Trifolium incarnatum subsp. molinerii + + + + + + + + + + 1 1 + + Convolvulus cantabrica + + 1 2 1 1 1 1 + 1 + + + + 1 1 + 1 + 1 + Trigonella monspeliaca + + + + + 1 1 + 1 1 + + + + + + + 1 + + + + + Asperula cynanchica + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 2 + + + Melica ciliata + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 + + 1 + 1 1 Teucrium polium 1 1 2 + 1 + + + + + + + + + + + Bombycilaena erecta + + + Chondrilla juncea Euphorbia cyparissias Koeleria splendens Carthamus lanatus Chrysopogon gryllus Achillea setacea Sanguisorba minor subsp. muricata Phleum phleoides . + + + . . . + . . . . .2+111 . + + 1 + + ++++++ . + .211 . . + . . . . . . + . . . .+ + + +. . + + + . .+ + +.++. . + .....+..... + .+ + + +. 1++1 + +. . . .+2+ + + + . . . . +....... 1++11. +..... ......+..... 1+ +++++ . . + + + 2 12.. . . . + . . . 1 + 2 + + . 1 + 11 .+ + + +++ + 1 +.+ + + + + 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 44444 4 445 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 9012345678901234567890123456789012 345 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 9 0 1 2 1 + 1 1111111221 . + 1 ..... . . . + + + + + + + + + . . . . + + . . . . + . . + . . . +........+ .+ +. + . . . 1+ + + + +.+ ....1111 . .1... 11 + 1 + 1 + 1121121 + ..11 +.......+1......+11.+1. + . ...........+ . .+ + +111. . . + .+ + + + .+ + + + +...........+ + + + + + + + + +. . ..............+ + + 222 + + + +. 111. ........+ ...2+.............+22234..... ....................+ + + + +..........+ + + ........1........11++. 1. ..++..+ + + + ...+ +.............+ + +...........++. + .+ .... .........+.................. ..............++. + . +.....+ + + + 1 + 1 + . . . .+.+ . + + + ++++ + . + + + . . . + . + + + + + . + 1 . 1 . +......+1 + +++ + 1 1 + + 2 + 2 + 1 + + + + 1 + . 12 .......+ + . .+ + + +. . + + + + + + + . + + . . + + + . + + + . . + . + + + + + ++ + + + + + . . . + . + +++ + 1 1 + + + + + 1 + + + + + + + + 1 + + + 1 + 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 + + 1 + + + + + 1 1 1 + V 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 + + + + + + 2 + + 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 + + + + + 1 1 V + 1 2 3 2 2 1 1 3 + 2 1 1 1 2 1 + + + + + + + 2 3 3 2 2 2 1 + + 2 1 + 1 1 V + + + + 1 1 1 1 + 1 1 1 1 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 + + + IV + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 1 + + + 1 + 2 3 1 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 V + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + IV + 1 1 + 1 + + + + + + 3 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + IV + 1 + + + + 1 + + + 2 + + + 1 1 + 1 1 + + + + + IV + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 2 1 + 2 + + + + III + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + III + + + + 1 1 + + + + 2 2 + + + 1 1 1 + + + + + III + 1 1 1 + 1 1 + 2 + + + + + + 1 + + + + + + + III 1 + + + + 1 1 1 + 1 1 + + + + 1 + + 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 + 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 III + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + III + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 + + + + III 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 + 1 2 + 3 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 1 + 1 3 III + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 1 + + + + III 1 + + 2 + + + 1 + + + + + III + 1 1 + + + + + 1 1 + 11 ++++++ +++++ .+. +.+ + + + ....... 111111 + 111 ++ + + + + + + 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 111 1 11 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Number of relevé 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Echinops sphaerocephalus subsp. sphaerocephalus Hieracium praealtum subsp. bauhinii Koeleria nitidula Festuca valesiaca Neatostema apulum Alyssum alyssoides Allium sphaerocephalon subsp. arvense Carlina vulgaris Medicago falcata subsp. tenderiensis Phleum phleoides var. blepharodes Astragalus hamosus Scilla autumnalis Linum austriacum Filago vulgaris Galium verum Teucrium chamaedrys Silene otites Sedum annuum Minuartia viscosa f. viscosa Valerianella eriocarpa Herniaria glabra Lens nigricans f. ciriferum Bupleurum affine var. quadridentatum Linaria genistifolia Ononis spinosa subsp. spinosa Thesium arvense Inula oculus-christi Vinca herbacea Arabidopsis thaliana Achillea pannonica Phlomis herba-venti subsp. pungens Allium moschatum Helianthemetea guttati; Helianthemetalia guttati 1 2 2 . . . . + + + + + + + .... 1...... . + 1 + + . 2 . + . ..+11..... + + . . . + + 1 + 1 + + ..... . . + + + + 1 . . 112 3..... . .3 3 3 1 3 3 2 + + +1 1 + + 1 + . . . + + ..... . . + . + . . + . . . . + + +. + + ..... . + . . . + 1. . . + . . + . . . + . . . . + . . + ..... . . + + ..... + + 1 + + . 3 1.12 1 . . . . + . .+1.1 + + + . . ++++ Medicago minima var. minima 1 + 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 + 1 + + + + 1 Trifolium campestre var. campestre 2 2 1 1 + 1 1 1 + + + + 2 1 + 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 Trifolium arvense var. arvense + 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 + 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 2 + + 1 1 1 1 1 Helianthemum salicifolium + + + 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 Arenaria serpyllifolia var. viscida 1 1 2 1 + + 1 + + 1 1 + + Silene conica subsp. conica + + 1 + + + + + + 2 1 1 1 1 + + Veronica verna 2 + 1 + + + 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 + + + + Myosotis stricta + + 1 + 1 1 1 + 1 1 + + + + + + 1 + + + + + Psilurus incurvus + 2 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 2 + 2 1 2 1 1 + Vicia lathyroides + 2 + 1 + + 1 Crupina vulgaris + 1 + + 1 1 1 1 + Erophila verna + + + + + + Sedum rubens + + 1 + + + + + + 2 2 2 1 2 Hypochoeris glabra + + + + + + 1 + + + + Sedum caespitosum + + + + Helianthemum ledifolium 1 1 + Others Achillea coarctata + + + 1 1 3 4 3 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 + 1 1 + 1 1 + 1 1 + 1 1 Erodium cicutarium 1 + 1 + + + 1 + 1 + 1 1 1 1 1 1 + 1 + + Cruciata pedemontana + + 1 + 2 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + Carduus thoermeri + 1 + + + + + + + + + + + ++ + + + ++ 1 + 2 ++ +++ ++ 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 44444 4 445 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 9012345678901234567890123456789012 345 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 9 0 1 2 1 . + 12 1112 4 .... 1 ..+1.1 12 1 + 2 . . . + . +1 + + . + .....+ + + + . 1 1+ + + +1+ + + 1+ + +.++1+ + + + . + + . . + + + 11 +++++ + + + + . . . + 1 + + + + + . . . . + . . + + + + . + + . + 1 + . + 1 + 1 . 1 . + . + + . + 2 + + + + . . + . + . + 1 + + + + . + + . . . .....+ 1 1 1 1 1 1 + + + + 3 1 1 1 + 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 3 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 3 3 V 1 1 1 1 1 1 + 1 1 + + 1 1 + + + 1 + + + 1 + + + + 1 + 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 V 1 1 1 1 1 + 1 1 + 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 + 1 1 1 1 + 1 V 1 1 1 1 + 2 2 1 1 + 2 + + + + 1 1 + 1 1 + 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 IV + + + + 2 1 1 1 1 + + 1 1 + + + + + 1 + 1 1 1 2 1 1 + 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 IV + + + + + + 1 + + 1 1 + + + 1 + 1 1 1 + + + + + 3 + + + III + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 2 1 + + + + III + + + + + + + + 1 + + + 1 + 1 + + + III 1 + 1 1 2 1 + + + 1 2 + 2 II + + + 1 + 1 + + + + + 1 + + + + + II 1 + + + 1 + + + + + + + + + + II + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + II 2 I .+. + . + 1+ + 1 1 1 1 + 1 1+ + + + 2 + + +1 1 1 1++1 12 121+21 1+2 ......+ + + + + + + +......+ + + + + + + +11 + 1+ + + + + + + + . . + . + + ......... + ........ + . . . + + +.+ + + +1 + . . 1+. + . 1++. + . .++. . .+ + + + + . . . 2 . . + + + + V .......+ + + IV + 2 + + + + + + +. III +.......+ . III + ++ + +++ 1 + 2 + + + ++ + + + + 1 + ++ + + + + + . + + + + + ++ + + ++ + 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 111 1 11 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Number of relevé 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Valerianella coronata Nigella arvensis f. tuberculata Trifolium hirtum Stipa capillata Plantago lanceolata Tribulus terrestris var. terrestris Crepis setosa Taraxacum officinale Tragopogon dubius Paliurus spina-christi Cerastium brachypetalum subsp. roeseri Sherardia arvensis Cynosurus echinatus Polygonum aviculare Conyza canadensis Calepina irregularis Centaurea solstitialis subsp. solstitialis Eragrostis minor Euphorbia helioscopio Portulaca oleracea Alyssum desertorum Bromus tectorum Setaria viridis Anthemis austriaca Orlaya grandiflora Scleranthus annuus subsp. polycarpos Vicia hirsuta Carthamus dentatus Tragus racemosus Gagea arvensis Ranunculus ficaria subsp. calthifolis Digitalis lanata Marrubium peregrinum Heliotropium europeum Hieracium hoppeanum subsp. troicum Papaver rhoeas subsp. rhoeas Convolvulus arvensis Alyssum strigosum Carduus acanthoides Lactuca serriola Lathyrus cicera Arrhenatherum elatius Picnomon acarna Stachys plumosa Buglossoides arvensis Herniaria hirsuta f. hirsuta Anthemis arvensis Saxifraga tridactylites Lathyrus nissolia var. nissolia Geranium columbinum Hypecoum pendulum Myosotis arvensis Cichorium intybus Lotus corniculatus var. tenuis 2 1111......1 + + + . . 111+ + + + 121 1+ + + +. . .+ . . 1+ + + +. + + +1 1+ + + + +11111. .+ + +. . . . . . + . .++. . + . + . . . +.........+ .1 + . . . .23.+ + . . .++. + .+ + +........+ . .+ + + + + . . . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +1 + . + . 1.++. .+ + +. . + . .22 + + 1 + . . . ++++ .+.+ . + + . +++++ + + . . . + + + + . + . + . . + + . . 1 + + + + + + 1 +++ +++++ +++++++ . + + . . . + + ..... 2 2 1 1 1 . . . . .++11 . . . + + + + . . + + + . . 11 1 1 + 1 + + + +++++++ + + . . . .++.21. . + . + . + ....... + + + + + . . . . + . . + + ...... + . . . .....2. .++.2 . + + + + + 1 11 . . .++.+ + + + + + . + + 1 .....++........+11 + . . . . + . . .++. . . +.....+ + 11......+1 + 1+ +...... ++++ 1 + ......... + + + ........ . + .++. + . . . + ........+ . . ++++++ + ++ + + + + ++ + ++ ++ +++ ++ + + + ++ + 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 44444 4 445 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 9012345678901234567890123456789012 6 6 6 345 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 9 0 1 2 .+ + +..........+111 + 1 +.....+......+ 122 + 1 .................+ + +.....+ .+ + + + +1+ ++. . . . + 1+ +.++. . + . . . . 1. + . + 11 + . 1+ + +........... + 1..........1.+ + +. . . + + 333213++1++1 . . . .+ + ...+ + +..+ + +....................+ . .+ + + + ....................+ + + + +. . .+ + + + + + ..... 1.......+ . + ....++...........++..11 ..... .+ + + + +......++......+ + + + + + + +...... 1+ + +1 .....+.....+ + + + +.++..............+ + ...+ . .++................1 + .+ +.....+........ . . . . 1+. . .211.1.12................. 1 + 1.. 1............+.................... 1+. + . + .+ +.........+......++............ +.... .................+ + +................... .................+ + +...........++...... ......+ + + + + + + +......+ + + + + + + +........... .+ + + + + + + + + +. +..................... +.... ............................+ + + + + + ..... ............++......+ + + + + + + +........... ...............................+ + . + . . + + . . . . + ....++... +..............+ .+ +1 ..... ......+.....................++.1 +...... ....................+ + + + +........+ ..... . .++................+............+ ..... ......+.....++...........+.......+ ..... . + ....1.....1.................++....... + ................................. + . . . . .+ + + + + + + + + +............................ ...............................+ +...... .+ + + + + + + + + +............................ ......+ + + + +.........+ + + + +.............. .+ + + + +............................ +.... ............+...............+ + + +....... .................+ + +........+ + +........ 1 + 112 . . . + + ...21 1 + + + + + + . . . . . . + + ..1.2 . + 1 + + . + + + + + + . . . 1. ...........+ . . . .+ +. .+ + + + + +............ . + ................. . . + . . + . + . + . + . . + ++++ +++++ + + + + + . + . 1.1 111 +++++ 1.1 + + . .+ + +.+ ++ .+ .+ + ++ +++ + + + + + + + + + + + + + . + + 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 111 1 11 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Number of relevé 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Colchicum hungaricum .................... Medicago orbicularis .....+......+....... Lamium amplexicaule + + +..............+ .. Triticum baeoticum .................... Muscari racemosum .................... Geranium rotundifolium ++1................. Torilis arvensis subsp. arvensis . + . . +............... Trifolium nigrescens ........ + . . . 1 ....... Stachys germanica .................... Euphorbia taurinensis +1 +................. Asperugo procumbens .................... Tordylium maximum . . . . + .......... + + . . . Anchusa officinalis .................+ + + Polycnemum arvense ..............+..... Delphinium balcanicum + . + ................. Carex praecox + + + ................. Carduus hamulosus .................... Fumaria thuretii + + + ................. Crepis pulchra . + ................. + Scabiosa sicula .................... Bromus hordeaceus subsp. hordeaceus ........... 1 + ....... Other species with low frequency: Androsace elongata 6: +; Medicago minima var. brevispina f. pulchella 8: +; Campanula phrygia 11: +; Potentilla inclinata var. incisoserrata f. lanuginosa 15: +; Lathyrus inconspicuus var. inconspicuus 23: +; Parentucelia latifolia 29: +; Thesium macedonicum 54: +; Potentilla suskalovicii 65: +; Euphorbia falcata 70: +; Trigonella gladiata 70: +; Campanula scutellata 1: 1, 2: 1; Picris pauciflora 1: +, 2: +; Trifolium trichopterum 43: +, 44: +; Velezia rigida 1: +, 2: +; Allium sphaerocephalon subsp. sphaerocephalon 19: +, 22: +; Orobanche purpurea 63: +, 65: +; Lactuca viminea subsp. viminea 16: +, 17: +; Camelina rumelica 15: +, 61: +; Sisymbrium orientale var. orientale 57: +, 58: +; Caucalys platycarpos 1: +, 2: +; Bifora radians 13: +; Ranunculus psilostachys 22:+, 23: +; Alyssum stribrnyi var. macedonicum 22: 1, 23: 1; Geranium dissectum 11: +, 14: +; Cynodon dactylon 1: +, 2: +; Alyssum saxatile subsp. orientale 3: +, 56: +; Echium italicum 6: +, 62: +; Orobanche sp. 55: +, 56: +; Papaver dubium 5: +, 65: +; Senecio vulgaris 18: 1, 69: +; Ajuga chamaepitys subsp. chia 64: +, 68: +; Dorycnium herbaceum subsp. macedonicum 63: +. 64: +; Poa angustifolia 65: +, 68: +; Goniolimon tataricum 57: +, 58: +; Scorzonera laciniata 65: +, 68: +; Stipa joannis subsp. joannis 57: +, 59: 1. 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 tz 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1234567890 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 c ................+ + + + +...... +.........................+ .............................. + + +......+ + ..++. +................................. ...................................+ . . . . .+ + ■ + +■■■■ + . + + + ......+ . . . . . + + . . . . +...... .......+ . . . . . . + .....+ . . . ++ +