Opera Instituti Archaeologici Slo^ STIČNA ŽELEZNODOBNA i Iron Age Settlement /eniae NASELBINSKA KERAMIKA Pottery LUCIJA GRAHEK Zbirka / Series Uredniki zbirke / Editors of the series OPERA INSTITUTI ARCHAEOLOGICI SLOVENIAE 32 Jana Horvat, Andrej Pleterski, Anton Velušček Lucija Grahek Stična. Železnodobna naselbinska keramika Stična. Iron Age Settlement Pottery Recenzenta / Reviewed by Urednica / Editor Prevod / Translation Jezikovni pregled / Language Editor Tehnična ureditev in prelom / Technical Editor and DTP Priloge / Appendices Risbe / Drawings Priprava slikovnega gradiva in oblikovanje ovitka / Preparation of illustrations and front cover design Izdala in založila / Published by Zanju / Represented by Glavni urednik / Editor-in-Chief Tisk / Printed by Izid knjige sta podprla / Published with the support of Mitja Guštin, Marko Dizdar Sneža Tecco Hvala Andreja Maver Urška Kosec Mateja Belak Lucija Grahek Dragica Knific Lunder, Tamara Korešec Tamara Korošec Inštitut za arheologijo ZRC SAZU, Založba ZRC Oto Luthar, Anton Velušček Aleš Pogačnik Cicero Begunje d. o. o. Javna agencija za raziskovalno dejavnost RS (Slovenian Research Agency), Znanstvenoraziskovalni center SAZU (Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts) Ljubljana 2016; prva izdaja, prvi natis / first edition, first print prva e-izdaja / first e-edition CIP - Kataložni zapis o publikaciji Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica, Ljubljana 903(497.4Stična) GRAHEK, Lucija Stična : železnodobna naselbinska keramika = Stična : Iron Age settlement pottery / [besedilo, priloge] Lucija Grahek ; [prevod Andreja Maver ; risbe Dragica Knific Lunder, Tamara Korešec]. - Ljubljana : Inštitut za arheologijo ZRC SAZU : Založba ZRC, 2016. - (Opera Instituti archaeologici Sloveniae, ISSN 1408-5208 ; 32) ISBN 978-961-254-923-7 (Založba ZRC) 285613824 Knjiga je prosto dostopna tudi v elektronski obliki (pdf) / The book is freely available in e-form (pdf), ISBN 978-961-254-924-4, COBISS.SI ID 285932544. http://zalozba.zrc-sazu.si/p/1365 © 2016, ZRC SAZU, Inštitut za arheologijo, Založba ZRC Vse pravice pridržane. Noben del te knjige ne sme biti reproduciran, shranjen ali prepisan v kateri koli obliki oz. na kateri koli način, bodisi elektronsko, mehansko, s fotokopiranjem, snemanjem ali kako drugače, brez predhodnega pisnega dovoljenja lastnikov avtorskih pravic. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Lucija Grahek STIČNA Železnodobna naselbinska keramika STIČNA Iron Age Settlement Pottery ZALOŽBA Z R C LJUBLJANA 2016 VSEBINA Predgovor ...........................................................................................................................................................................9 1. Uvod..............................................................................................................................................................................11 2. Stratigrafija najdbnih kompleksov............................................................................................................................15 2.1 Sonde na jugozahodnem obodu naselja............................................................................................................17 2.2 Sonde na jugovzhodu naselja..............................................................................................................................37 2.3 Sondi na zahodnem delu.....................................................................................................................................60 2.4 Sondi na vzhodnem delu.....................................................................................................................................66 2.5 Sonde na severnem delu......................................................................................................................................73 2.6 Sonde na prečnem nasipu ...................................................................................................................................84 2.7 Sonda 11 na severozahodni terasi......................................................................................................................93 3. Keramične najdbe iz naselja v Stični.........................................................................................................................97 3.1 Splošni oris............................................................................................................................................................97 3.2 Ohranjenost najdb................................................................................................................................................98 3.3 Način izdelave in tehnološke značilnosti keramike.......................................................................................100 3.4 Tipološka razvrstitev keramike ........................................................................................................................106 3.4.1 Pitosi (Pi)................................................................................................................................................109 3.4.2 Lonci (l) .................................................................................................................................................112 3.4.3 Lonci s stožčastim vratom (Lsv)..........................................................................................................134 3.4.4 Buče (B) ..................................................................................................................................................135 3.4.5 Ciboriji (C).............................................................................................................................................136 3.4.6 Vrči (V) ...................................................................................................................................................139 3.4.7 Glinenke (G) ..........................................................................................................................................140 3.4.8 Pokali (P)................................................................................................................................................145 3.4.9 Lončki (Lo).............................................................................................................................................147 3.4.10 Ročke (Ro) ...........................................................................................................................................147 3.4.11 Latvice (La) ..........................................................................................................................................148 3.4.12 Skodele in sklede (Sk).........................................................................................................................156 3.4.13 Posebne oblike posodja (pos. obl.)....................................................................................................163 3.4.14 Pokrovi (Po) .........................................................................................................................................164 3.4.15. Dna (d) ................................................................................................................................................165 3.4.16 Noge (n)................................................................................................................................................174 3.4.17 Pekve (Pe).............................................................................................................................................175 3.4.18 Pladnji (Pl) ...........................................................................................................................................181 3.4.19 Prenosne pečke (Pp) in ognjiščne rešetke (Or)...............................................................................182 3.4.20 Ognjiščne koze (Ok) ...........................................................................................................................183 3.4.21 Svitki (S) ...............................................................................................................................................184 3.4.22 Uteži (U)...............................................................................................................................................184 3.4.23 Vretenca (Vr) in črepinjske ploščice (Čp)........................................................................................186 3.4.24 Motki (M) in šobe (Š) .........................................................................................................................187 CONTENTS Preface.................................................................................................................................................................................9 1. Introduction.................................................................................................................................................................11 2. Stratigraphy of the complexes of finds......................................................................................................................15 2.1 Trenches in the rampart's south-western section.............................................................................................17 2.2 Trenches in the rampart's south-eastern section..............................................................................................38 2.3 Trenches in the rampart's western section........................................................................................................61 2.4 Trenches in the rampart's eastern section.........................................................................................................67 2.5 Trenches in the rampart's northern section......................................................................................................73 2.6 Trenches on the crosswall ...................................................................................................................................84 2.7 Trench 11 on the north-west terrace .................................................................................................................93 3. Ceramic finds from the Stična hillfort......................................................................................................................97 3.1 General description..............................................................................................................................................97 3.2 Fragmentation of ceramic finds .........................................................................................................................97 3.3 Shaping technique and technological characteristics....................................................................................100 3.4 Typology of ceramic finds.................................................................................................................................105 3.4.1 Pithoi (Pi) ...............................................................................................................................................108 3.4.2 Jars (L).....................................................................................................................................................111 3.4.3 Jars with a conical neck (Lsv) ..............................................................................................................132 3.4.4 Globular jars (B)....................................................................................................................................135 3.4.5 Footed bowls (C) ...................................................................................................................................135 3.4.6 Jugs (V) ...................................................................................................................................................139 3.4.7 Flasks (G) ...............................................................................................................................................140 3.4.8 Goblets (P) .............................................................................................................................................145 3.4.9 Beakers (Lo) ...........................................................................................................................................147 3.4.10 Pitchers (Ro) ........................................................................................................................................147 3.4.11 Dishes with an inturned rim (La) ..................................................................................................... 148 3.4.12 Bowls and dishes (Sk) .........................................................................................................................157 3.4.13 Other vessel forms (pos. obl.) ............................................................................................................ 163 3.4.14 Lids (Po) ...............................................................................................................................................164 3.4.15. Bases (d) ..............................................................................................................................................165 3.4.16 Feet (n) .................................................................................................................................................174 3.4.17 Baking lids (Pe) ...................................................................................................................................175 3.4.18 Platters (Pl)...........................................................................................................................................181 3.4.19 Portable ovens (Pp) and gridirons (Or) ...........................................................................................182 3.4.20 Firedogs (Ok) .......................................................................................................................................183 3.4.21 Ceramic rings (S) ................................................................................................................................184 3.4.22 Weights (U)..........................................................................................................................................184 4.23 Spindle whorls (Vr) and sherd whorls (Čp)........................................................................................186 3.4.24 Bobbins (M) and nozzles (Š) .............................................................................................................187 3.5 Analiza okrasa ....................................................................................................................................................191 3.5.1 Plastični okras........................................................................................................................................191 3.5.2 Vrezani okrasi........................................................................................................................................199 3.5.3 Vtisnjeni okrasi......................................................................................................................................207 3.5.4 Gubanje in fasetiranje...........................................................................................................................213 3.5.5 Barvni okras...........................................................................................................................................216 3.6 Kronološka podoba stične z vidika naselbinske keramike ...........................................................................220 3.6.1 Keramika halštatskih stopenj Stične...................................................................................................225 3.6.2 Keramika latenskih stopenj Stične ...................................................................................................... 240 3.6.3 Rimska keramika ................................................................................................................................... 259 4. Primerjava keramike iz Stične z drugimi naselji dolenjske skupine ................................................................... 265 5. Sklep............................................................................................................................................................................273 6. Katalog........................................................................................................................................................................287 7. Literatura .................................................................................................................................................................... 341 8. Table............................................................................................................................................................................349 9. Priloge.........................................................................................................................................................................445 3.5 Decoration...........................................................................................................................................................191 3.5.1 Plastic decoration..................................................................................................................................191 3.5.2 Incised decoration.................................................................................................................................199 3.5.3 Impressed decoration ...........................................................................................................................207 3.5.4 Indenting and facetting ........................................................................................................................213 3.5.5 Painted decoration ................................................................................................................................216 3.6 Chronology of Stična as revealed by settlement ceramics............................................................................220 3.6.1 Pottery of Stična's Hallstatt phases......................................................................................................225 3.6.2 Pottery of Stična's La Tene phase.........................................................................................................240 3.6.3 Roman pottery.......................................................................................................................................259 4. Comparison with the ceramic assemblage from other settlements of the Dolenjska group...........................265 5. Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................................273 6. Catalogue....................................................................................................................................................................287 7. Bibliography...............................................................................................................................................................341 8. Plates ...........................................................................................................................................................................349 9. Appendices.................................................................................................................................................................445 PREDGOVOR PREFACE Pričujoča publikacija predstavlja zadnji del objave velikih izkopavanj v Stični, ki so potekala pod okriljem Narodnega muzeja Slovenije. Poleg raziskav gomilnega grobišča so bila pod vodstvom akad. prof. dr. Staneta Gabrovca opravljena tudi obsežna sistematična sondiranja na gradišču, ki so prinesla izjemno velik fond najdb. Čeprav je bil izris najdb, ki ga je omogočil Inštitut za arheologijo ZRC SAZU, opravljen kmalu po zaključku raziskovanj, je obdelava gradiva nato zastala. V objavo rezultatov naselbinskih raziskovanj v Stični je bil tako vključen le katalog drobnih, nekeramičnih najdb. Predmet obravnave pričujočega dela pa je keramično gradivo. Analiza naselbinske keramike je bila opravljena pod mentorstvom akad. prof. dr. Bibe Teržan (Filozofska fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani) in zn. svet. dr. Janeza Dularja (Inštitut za arheologijo, ZRC SAZU). Delo je podprla Agencija za raziskovalno dejavnost Republike Slovenije (št. pogodbe 3311-02-831740). Dostop do gradiva in terenske dokumentacije, ki ju hrani Narodni muzej Slovenije v Ljubljani, sta mi omogočila dr. Peter Turk in dr. Neva Trampuž-Orel. Dopolnjene risbe je v tušu izrisala Dragica Knific-Lunder (IzA, ZRC SAZU); skenirala Martina Knavs. Pri delu so mi z nasveti, spodbudo in dragocenimi, poučnimi razpravami pomagali dr. Primož Pavlin, dr. Dragan Božič in dr. Jana Horvat (vsi IzA, ZRC SAZU) ter mag. Ida Murgelj in Barbara Jerin (obe NmS, Ljubljana). Dragocena je bila tudi pomoč dr. Sneže Tecco Hvala, ki je pozorno prebrala zaključeno študijo in predlagala nove dopolnitve in izboljšave. Tekst je odlično prevedla Andreja Maver. Tamara Korošec je uredila slikovno gradivo in ustvarila zunanjo podobo knjige, oblikovanje in prelom teksta pa je opravila Mateja Belak. Vsem iskrena Hvala! This book presents the last, as yet unpublished segment of the small finds recovered during the extensive investigations at Stična, which were conducted by the Narodni muzej Slovenije and directed by Stane Ga-brovec. The investigations comprised excavations of the tumulus cemetery below the hillfort and trial trenching of the hillfort itself, both yielding an enormous amount of small finds. Although the drawing of the small finds was organised and financed by the Inštitut za arheologijo ZRC SAZU, processing of the material then stalled. Thus the publication of the settlement excavations only included a catalogue of the non-ceramic small finds. Therefore this book deals with the ceramic finds unearthed at the hillfort. The analysis was performed under the mentorship of Biba Teržan (Filozofska fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani) and Janez Dular (Inštitut za arheologijo, ZRC SAZU). The work was financially supported by the Agencija za raziskovalno dejavnost Republike Slovenije (contract no. 3311-02-831740). During my analysis, I had the invaluable help of a number of colleagues. Peter Turk in Neva Trampuž-Orel enabled me to inspect the finds and field documentation kept in the Narodni muzej Slovenije in Ljubljana. Dragica Knific-Lunder (IzA, ZRC SAZU) traced the corrected drawings in ink and Martina Knavs scanned them. Primož Pavlin, Dragan Božič, Jana Horvat (all IzA, ZRC SAZU), Ida Murgelj and Barbara Jerin (both NmS, Ljubljana) offered suggestions, support and insightful discussions. A colleague of invaluable help was Sneža Tecco Hvala, who carefully read the final text and suggested additions and improvements. Andreja Maver translated the text into English. Tamara Korošec is responsible for the graphic design and Mateja Belak for DTP. Sincere thanks to all! 9 1. UVOD 1. INTRODUCTION Stiško prazgodovinsko naselje Cvinger nad Virom s pripadajočimi gomilnimi grobišči sodi med najobsežnejša železnodobna najdišča v Sloveniji. Z mogočnim obzidjem obdano naselje predstavlja enega od centrov dolenjske halštatske kulture,1 ki je bilo (neprekinjeno) poseljeno tudi v mlajši železni dobi. Naselje leži na širokem grebenu, ki se pri zaselku Vir dviga 30 do 50 m nad ravnino. Ima nepravilno obliko in je dolgo 800 ter široko do 400 m, njegova površina pa meri nekaj nad 21 ha (sl. 1). V celotnem obsegu je bilo obdano z obzidjem, ki je opazno še danes. Prazgodovinsko naselje se loči v dva dela: v razširjeni spodnji, južni in gornji, severni del, ki ju razmejuje okrog 5 m visoka ježa. Kot so pokazala izkopavanja je bilo na njej šele v poznolatenskem času postavljeno prečno obzidje. Za razliko od pretežno ravninskega južnega dela naselja, ki je bil gosto naseljen, je severni, gozdni del močno zakrasel in ima le malo ravnih površin. Večja je le terasa v severozahodnem delu, ki je bila v poznolatenskem obdobju ograjena z obzidjem.2 Stiško naselje je bilo raziskano s sistematičnimi izkopavanji z mednarodno soudeležbo v letih 1967 do 1974. V tem obdobju je bilo izkopanih 22 sond (sl. 1), s katerimi so v prvi vrsti želeli raziskati obrambni sistem in sicer tako zunanje obzidje kot tudi utrditev z zidovi v notranjosti naselja (sl. 2). Rezultati izkopavanj obsežnega stiškega gradišča so že bili objavljeni.3 Gre za celovito objavo raziskav naselbine, njenega obrambnega sistema in sledi poselitve tik za obzidjem. Monografija o stiških naselbinskih raziskavah vsebuje tudi analizo izkopane žlindre4 in živalskih kosti5 ter katalog vseh drobnih najdb; to je kovinskih predmetov, izdelkov iz stekla, kosti in kamna; keramično gradivo pa praviloma ni bilo objavljeno. Brez kataloga je bila izjemoma objavljena le najznačilnejša keramika iz sond, izkopanih na prečnem nasipu6 in dodaten izbor tiste keramike, potrebne za utemeljitev 1 Gabrovec 1994; Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, 165 ss. 2 Gabrovec 1994, 30 ss; Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, 165 ss. 3 Gabrovec 1994. 4 Meterc 1994. 5 Bokonyi 1994. 6 Teržan 1994, 120 ss, t. 1-7. The prehistoric settlement at Stična is located on the hill of Cvinger above the village of Vir. Together with the cemeteries extending below, it ranks among the largest Iron Age sites in Slovenia and represents one of the centres of the Hallstatt culture in the region of Dolenjska.1 It is a settlement, enclosed within a mighty rampart that is still visible today, where habitation continued (uninterruptedly) into the Late Iron Age. The hillfort sits on a wide ridge that rises 30 to 50m above the flatland at Vir. It is irregular in plan, measuring 800 m in length, up to 400 m in width and just over 21ha in surface (Fig. 1). It has two parts: the wider lower part in the south and the upper part in the north, separated by a steep and roughly 5m high slope. Excavations showed that a crosswall was erected along this slope, but only in the Late La Tene period. The south part is rather flat and revealed traces of dense habitation, while the north part is now forested and heavily karstified with only rare patches of flat terrain. The only larger patch or terrace is located in the north-western part, enclosed with a rampart in the Late La Tene period.2 The Stična hillfort was systematically excavated from 1967 to 1974 by an international team of archaeologists. They excavated 22 trenches (Fig. 1) primarily aimed at investigating the defence system, both the enclosing rampart and interior reinforcements (Fig. 2). The results of the extensive excavations of the Stična hillfort have already been published.3 The integral publication presents the results of the investigations of the defence system and the habitation traces along the rampart in the interior. It also presents the results of the analysis of the recovered slag4 and animal bones,5 as well as a catalogue of the small finds of metal, glass, bone and stone. Contrary to those, pottery is presented in a very limited extent; only the most typical fragments and vessels recovered from the crosswall6 were published, 1 Gabrovec 1994; Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, 165 ff. 2 Gabrovec 1994, 31 ff; Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, 165 ff. 3 Gabrovec 1994. 4 Meterc 1994. 5 Bokonyi 1994. 6 Teržan 1994, 121 ff, T. 1-7. 11 1. UVOD 1 INTRODUCTION 1. UVOD 1 INTRODUCTION leto/ Year obseg raziskav / Extent of excavation 1967 sonde 1-4/ Trenches 1 - 4 sondi 1 in 2 na Z, sonda 3 na JZ obodu naselja in sonda 4 na J obodu naselja / Trenches 1 and 2 on the W, Trench 3 on the SW and Trench 4 on the S rampart 1968 sonde 2, 5 - 8 / Trenches 2,5 - 8 dokončanje sonde 2 na Z obodu naselja; izkop sond 5 in 8 na V, sonde 6 na JV, sonde 7 na JZ obodu naselja / Conclusion of Trench 2; excavation of Trenches 5 and 8 on the E, Trench 6 on the SE and Trench 7 on the SW rampart 1969 sonde 4b, 9 - 15 ter med sondama 7 in 14 / Trenches 4b, 9 - 15 and between Trenches 7 and 14 sonda 4b na J pobočju naselja; sondi 12 in 3 na JV, sonda 14 na JZ, sondi 10 in 15 na S obodu naselja; sonda 9 na prečnem nasipu in sonda 11 na SZ terasi v notranjosti naselja / Trench 4b on the S slope; Trenches 12 and 3 on the SE, Trench 14 on the SW and Trenches 10 and 15 on the N rampart;Trench 9 on the crosswall and Trench 11 on the NW terrace in hillfort interior 1970 sondi 16A in 16B/ Trenches 16Aand 16B sondi 16 na JZ obodu naselja: sonda 16 A v notranjosti, sonda 16 B na zunanjem pobočju / Trench 16 A in the interior and Trench 16 B on the exterior slope of the SW rampart 1971 sonda 17 / Trench 17 na JZ obodu naselja / On the SW rampart 1972 sondi 18 in 19 Trenches 18 and 19 na prečnem nasipu v notranjosti naselja / On the crosswall in hillfort interior 1973 sonda 20 / Trench 20 na S obodu naselja / On the N rampart 1974 sonde 20-22 / Trenches 20-22 dokončanje sonde 20 in izkop sond 21 ter 22 na S obodu naselja / Conclusion of Trench 20 and excavation of Trenches 21 and 22 on the N rampart Sl. 2: Preglednica poteka naselbinskih izkopavanj v Stični. Fig. 2: Timeline of the excavations at the Stična hillfort. orisa kronološkega mesta in posameznih stopenj stiške naselbine.7 Manjši izbor keramike, predvsem nekaj bolje ohranjenih keramičnih posod in predmetov iz sond 3, 6 in 7, je bilo pred izidom monografske publikacije objavljenih že v predhodnem poročilu o naselbinskih izkopavanjih v Stični.8 Tako sta bili ognjiščni kozi iz sonde 7 lahko deležni še posebne obravnave kmalu po tem, ko sta bili najdeni;9 skupaj z njima najdena prenosna pečka pa je bila vključena v novejšo, specializirano študijo tovrstnih keramičnih predmetov.10 Pred izidom monografije o naselbinskih izkopavanjih v Stični je bila v primerjavi s halštatsko deležna celo nekoliko več pozornosti latenskodobna keramika. Tako je bil večji izbor latenske keramike predvsem iz sonde 5 objavljen v orisu latenske poselitve Dolenjske.11 Podobno je bila še pred zaključkom sistematičnih izko- 7 Gabrovec 1994, 166, t. 8-11. 8 Gabrovec, Frey, Foltiny 1969, 177 ss = isti 1970; Gabrovec 1968-1969, 153. 9 Foltiny 1970, 158 ss. 10 Romsauer 2003, 139, t. 39: 5. 11 Frey, Gabrovec 1969, 7 ss = Frey 1969a. albeit without a catalogue, as well as select pieces serving to chronologically determine individual phases of the Stična hillfort.7 A selection of pottery, primarily the well preserved ceramic vessels and other objects found in Trenches 3, 6 and 7, were published in a preliminary report soon after discovery.8 This selection included two firedogs found in Trench 7,9 while the portable oven found together with them was published much later, in a recent study of portable ovens.10 Prior to the monograph on the Stična hillfort, more was published on the La Tene period pottery than on that from the Hallstatt period. A selection of the La Tene pottery, mostly from Trench 5, was published in an overview of the La Tene settlement in the region of Dolenjska,11 while the La Tene stamped ware was published even before the end of the systematic excavations.12 7 Gabrovec 1994, 167, T. 8-11. 8 Gabrovec, Frey, Foltiny 1970, 12 ff; Gabrovec 19681969, 153. 9 Foltiny 1970, 158 ff. 10 Romsauer 2003, 139, T. 39: 5. 11 Frey 1969a, 7 ff. 12 Schwappach 1970-1971, 237 ff. 13 1 UVOD 1 INTRODUCTION pavanj posebne obravnave deležna latenska keramika z žigosanim okrasom.12 Vse najdbe iz stiških naselbinskih izkopavanj hrani Narodni muzej Slovenije v Ljubljani. Celotno keramično gradivo je bilo selekcionirano, oštevilčeno in popisano s strani izkopavalcev. Odbrane so bile dobro ohranjene posode, ki so jih lahko restavrirali, vsi tipološko opredeljivi fragmenti (npr. vsa ustja, dna, ročaji ipd.), dobro ohranjeni predmeti (npr. vretenca, uteži ipd.) in okrašeni fragmenti. Odbrana keramika je bila označena z lastno številko (npr. 6701/79-1 ali 6913/7-2). Najdbe so tako označili z letom izkopa (npr. tiste, izkopane leta 1967 s 67, tiste iz leta 1969 pa z 69), oznako sonde (npr. sonda 1 z 01 ali sonda 13 s 13) in številko t. i. kompleksa (npr. kompleks 79 ali 7). Zadnji del ob popisu podeljene številke je označeval vrsto predmeta ali odsek posode, zato se je posamezna oznaka v okviru posameznega kompleksa lahko ponovila. S številko 6701/79-1 je bilo tako lahko označenih več npr. fragmentov ustij iz kompleksa 79. Zato je bil pri tokratnem pregledu keramike zadnji del lastne številke zamenjan z zaporedno številko v okviru posameznega najdbnega kompleksa. S številko 6913/7-2 je sedaj označen drugi opredeljiv in obravnavan fragment keramike iz kompleksa 7 v sondi 13. Kljub uvodoma omenjenim objavam posameznih kosov stiške naselbinske keramike, ta še ni bila deležna celovite obravnave in ovrednotenja. Temu je posvečeno pričujoče delo, ki je sestavljeno iz treh osnovnih delov, pri čemer naj najprej izpostavim tretji ali zadnji del. Gre za katalog naselbinske keramike, ki je predmet obravnave in ga vse dosedanje delne objave niso vsebovale. Sami obravnavi, to je tehnološki, tipološki in kronološki analizi v katalogu predstavljene keramike je posvečen osrednji del. Ker je za tovrstno obravnavo in ovrednotenje keramike ključnega pomena jasna stratigrafska umeščenost posameznih kosov, je prvi del posvečen ponovni obravnavi rezultatov sistematičnih izkopavanj in podrobnemu orisu stratigrafije najdbnih kompleksov. All finds from the settlement excavations at Stična are kept in the Narodni muzej Slovenije in Ljubljana. The pottery finds were sorted, marked and listed already by the excavators. Of the bulk of finds, the important pieces were selected: the well-preserved vessels that could be reconstructed, typologically determinable fragments (of rims, bases, handles and so forth), other well-preserved ceramic objects (e.g. spindle whorls and weights), as well as decorated fragments. Each selected piece bears a number (e.g. 6701/79-1 or 6913/7-2) that is composed of the year of excavation (e.g. those excavated in 1967 bear the number 67 and those excavated in 1969 bear 69), the number of the trench (01 for Trench 1 and 13 for Trench 13), the number of the so-called complex of finds (Complex 79 or 7) and, after a hyphen, either the type or the part of the vessel. As such, the same number could mark several finds; the number 6701/79-1, for example, was accorded to all rim fragments from Complex 79. This being somewhat problematic for the purposes of a detailed pottery analysis, the numbering in this publication has been changed in that the last part of the number, after the hyphen, represents the successive number of a find in a particular complex; 6913/7-2 thus stands for the second determinable and discussed pottery fragment from Complex 7 in Trench 13. As already stated, the pottery from the Stična hillfort has not yet been integrally studied and evaluated. It is the task undertaken in this publication. The book consists of three parts. The third part is a catalogue of the settlement pottery not featured in any of the previous studies or publications. The second, main part is a technological, typological and chronological analysis of the pottery. This analysis is not possible without a clear stratigraphic context of individual finds, hence the first part is dedicated to discussing the results of the systematic excavations and to briefly describing the stratigraphy of individual complexes of finds. 12 Schwappach 1970-1971, 237 ss. 14 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS Za ovrednotenje posameznega kosa keramike je poleg številke sonde ključna oznaka kompleksa. Naselbinska izkopavanja v Stični so bila namreč organizirana na način kopanja po planih oziroma stratih.13 Pri tem so plani horizontalne, kar se da ravne površine, ki so izkopane ne glede na stratigrafsko zaporedje in potek plasti, medtem ko pri kopanju po stratih sledimo kulturnim plastem.14 Bržkone so neugodni naravni pogoji15 botrovali odločitvi, da so bila naselbinska izkopavanja v Stični v največji meri opravljena s tehniko kopanja po planih. Pri tem je bilo ključnega pomena odlično dokumentiranje tako samih planov kot tudi mesto izkopa posameznih (večjih koncentracij) najdb. Takoj po zaključku sezonskih izkopavanj je namreč sledil celovit pregled dokumentacije, na podlagi katere so bili opredeljeni najdbni kompleksi. V posamezne najdbne komplekse so izkopavalci združevali gradivo, ki sodi v isti časovni, oz. časovno prostorninski kompleks.16 Kompleksi torej vsebujejo gradivo, ki sodi v isti kulturni sloj ali isti objekt kot npr. jama, stavba ipd. Ker pri kopanju po planih ne kopljemo lukenj,17 posamezni objekti in kulturni sloji pa lahko segajo tudi v globlje izkopane plane, so v posamezne najdbne komplekse lahko združene najdbe iz različnih planov in ker na posameznem planu ni dokumentiran le en kulturni sloj18 ali objekt, lahko seveda iz enega plana izhaja več najdbnih kompleksov.19 Osnovo analize naselbinske keramike iz Stične predstavlja torej dobro poznavanje umeščenosti kompleksov glede na stratigrafski redosled v posameznih sondah. Pri vsaki sondi tako najprej na kratko povzemam rezultate terenskih raziskav in jih poskušam dopolniti s 13 Gabrovec 1960-1961, 74 ss; isti 1974a, 25 ss. Za analizo in oceno uporabljene izkopavalne tehnike ter način dokumentiranja glej tudi Turk 1991, 4 ss. 14 Gabrovec 1974a, 35 s. 15 Gabrovec 1974a, 30 s, 36. 16 Gabrovec 1974a, 27. 17 Gabrovec 1974a, 36. 18 Kot kulturni sloj oziroma plast so že v preliminarnih poročilih in prvi integralni objavi rezultatov naselbinskih raziskav v Stični imenovane plasti z najdbami. Z istim pomenom uporabljamo oznako "kulturna plast" tudi v tem delu.« 19 Gabrovec 1974a, 37. The key information for a correct evaluation of a pottery find from the Stična hillfort is the number of the trench and of the complex to which a find was attributed. The settlement was excavated in spits.13 The spits were arbitrarily determined horizontal sections of stratigraphy that were as flat as possible and dug irrespective of stratigraphy.14 The choice of this excavation technique was in large measure determined by the unfavourable natural conditions.15 Excavating in spits required very good documentation of the spits as well as individual (concentrations of) finds. Each season of excavation was therefore followed by an examination of the whole documentation that resulted in the determination of complexes of finds. These complexes comprise the finds believed to be attributable to the same chronological or chrono-spatial complex,16 from the same cultural layer17 or structure such as a pit or a house. Excavating in spits did not involve 'digging holes',18 so individual structures and layers could be excavated in several spits, and complexes of finds thus also consisted of finds from several spits.19 The key information being the location of a particular complex of finds within a trench, the book offers a brief summary of the results of the systematic excavations trench by trench complete with the stratigraphic data not published in their entirety in the integral publication, but necessary for understanding individual complexes. The presented stratigraphy is based on the published cross sections,20 as well as on other field documentation (field diaries, drawings, 13 Gabrovec 1960-1961, 74 ff; Gabrovec 1974a, 25 ff. For an analysis and evaluation of the excavation technique see also Turk 1991, 4 ff. 14 Gabrovec 1974a, 35 f. 15 Gabrovec 1974a, 30 f, 36. 16 Gabrovec 1974a, 27. 17 Already in the preliminary reports and the first integral publication of the excavation results, the layers with finds are termed 'cultural layers'. The term is used in the same sense here. 18 Gabrovec 1974a, 36. 19 Gabrovec 1974a, 37. 20 Gabrovec 1994, Apps. 1-31. 15 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS stratigrafskimi podatki, ki so nujno potrebni za razumevanje posameznih kompleksov in jih prva objava ne vključuje v celoti. Čeprav temelji oris stratigrafije na že objavljenih profilih,20 je bila pri analizi opredelitve kompleksov upoštevana vsa terenska dokumentacija (dnevniki, terenske risbe, predhodna poročila idr.), ki jo hrani Narodni muzej Slovenije v Ljubljani. Pri analizi stratigrafskega mesta najdbnih kompleksov sem v profile najprej projicirala posamezne izkopavalne strate oziroma nivoje (pril. 1), ki so bili dokumentirani z izrisom planumov21, in skupaj s koordinatnimi podatki ter morebitnimi globinami omogočajo lokaliziranje kompleksov. Te sem projicirala v profile (prim. pril. 1 in 2), vendar so projekcije najdbnih kompleksov v profile ponekod le shematične, saj profili ne prikazujejo celotne situacije v notranjosti izkopnega polja. Opisi stratigrafije in kompleksov so pri sondah, izkopanih na zunanjem obzidju, strukturirani tako, da so vedno najprej obravnavani deli sond, ki segajo v notranjost naselbine. Sem vključujem tudi sam predel obzidja, ki je bil dobro analiziran v prvi objavi22, in ga tu posebej ne obravnavam. Sledi oris stratigrafije in pregled kompleksov z zunanjega pobočja, to je predelov pobočja izven obzidja. Osnovno vodilo pri označevanju plasti in nato tudi kompleksov je odnos do obzidja, sestavljenega iz ruševin treh zidov.23 Plasti in komplekse tako povezujem s posameznimi halštatskimi zidovi (npr. iz plasti k zidu I), od halštatskih mlajše plasti in iz njih izhajajoče najdbne komplekse pa obravnavam pod skupno oznako "latenske plasti". Če je bilo v sondi odkritih več plasti k posameznemu zidu in je omogočena delitev na posamezne podstopnje, so te označene s črkami a, b, c itd. Pri tem bo kompleks npr. iz plasti a za zidom I vseboval najdbe iz najspodnejše oz. stratigrafsko najstarejše plasti, kompleks iz plasti c za zidom I pa iz najzgornejše oz. stra-tigrafsko najmlajše plasti k zidu I v obravnavani sondi. Pri orisu stratigrafije bom najprej obravnavala sonde na obodu naselja. Pregled pričenjam s sondami, izkopanimi na južnem delu, in sicer s sklopom sond, ki so bile izkopane na jugozahodnem (sonde 3, 7, 14, 16 in 17) in jugovzhodnem delu zunanjega obzidja (sonde 4, 6, 12 in 13). Sledi obravnava posameznih sond na zahodnem (sondi 1 in 2), vzhodnem (sondi 5 in 8) in severnem delu naselja (sonda 10 ter sonde 15, 20, 21 in 22). Na koncu bodo obravnavane sonde izkopane v notranjosti naselja; to so sonde na prečnem nasipu (sonde 9, 18 in 19) ter sonda 11 s terase na severozahodnem delu gradišča, saj te zahtevajo nekoliko prilagojeno obravnavo stratigrafije in kompleksov. preliminary reports and others) kept in the Narodni muzej Slovenije. The analysis of the stratigraphic place of individual complexes began by correlating individual layers or levels as documented on the drawings of spits21 with the published cross sections (App. 1). Together with coordinates and also depths where available, these enabled me to locate individual complexes. The locations of complexes were then drawn onto the cross sections (cf. Apps. 1 and 2), though it has to be said that the locations could in some cases only be schematically drawn in, because the cross sections do not show the complete situation within a trench. For the trenches on the rampart, the description of the stratigraphy and complexes proceeds from the interior towards the exterior of the settlement, while the defensive walls themselves are not described in detail as they are already presented in the integral publication.22 This is followed by an overview of the stratigraphy and complexes from the slope outside the defensive walls. The basic principle in marking layers and complexes is their relationship with the defensive walls, consisting of the debris of three successive walls.23 The layers and complexes are thus associated with individual Hallstatt-period walls. The layers and complexes that post-date the Hallstatt ones are treated together and marked 'La Tene layer'. If a trench revealed several layers associated with one of the walls, so that we can observe individual subphases, these are marked Layer a, b, c. The complex from Layer a associated with Wall I thus contains the finds from the lowest or stratigraphically earliest layer, while the complex from Layer c associated with Wall I contains the finds from the highest or stratigraphically latest layer associated with Wall I within that particular trench. The overview of the stratigraphy begins on the settlement's periphery. The first trenches to be discussed are those in the south-western (Trenches 3, 7, 14, 16 and 17) and south-eastern sections of the rampart (Trenches 4, 6, 12 and 13), followed by individual trenches in the western (Trenches 1 and 2), eastern (Trenches 5 and 8) and northern parts of the settlement (Trenches 10, 15, 20, 21 and 22). The last to be presented are the trenches in the settlement's interior, more precisely on the cross-wall (Trenches 9, 18 and 19) and Trench 11 on the terrace in the north-western part of the hillfort, which require a somewhat adapted analysis. 20 Gabrovec 1994, pril. 1-31. 21 Gabrovec 1960-1961, 75 ss; isti 1974a, 25 ss. 22 Gabrovec 1994. 23 Gabrovec 1994, 10 in 214 ss. 21 Gabrovec 1960-1961, 75 ff; Gabrovec 1974a, 25 ff. 22 Gabrovec 1994. 23 Gabrovec 1994, 11 and 215 ff. 16 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS 2.1 SONDE NA JUGOZAHODNEM OBODU NASELJA Na jugozahodnem naselbinskem robu je bilo izkopanih pet sond: 3, 7, 14, 16 in 17 (sl. 1), pri čemer je bila prva, to je sonda 3, izkopana že 1967. leta, zadnja sonda 17 pa leta 1971.24 Ker se je z izkopavanjem vsake naslednje sonde razširilo poznavanje ter s tem tudi razumevanje stratigrafije in strukture stiškega naselja oz. njenega robnega dela, bom posamezne sonde obravnavala v obratnem vrstnem redu kot so bile izkopane. SONDA 17 Z izkopavanjem sonde 17 so bili odkriti ostanki najstarejšega zidu (zid I) in naslednjega halštatskega zidu (zid II), medtem ko je bilo od najmlajšega halštatskega obzidja (zid III) ohranjenih le nekaj kamnov (pril. 2).25 ZID I Zid I je bil postavljen na nekdanjo površino (pril. 2).26 Gre za zelenkasto ilovnato plast, na kateri se je odložila siva bolj zemljena plast. To je najstarejša kulturna plast, ki so ji kljub prekinitvi okoli x = 3,50 m lahko sledili vse do konca izkopa pri x = 8 m. Okoli x = 6 m je plast vključevala večjo zaplato hišnega ometa in ožgane zemlje. Ob koncu hišnega ometa je bil pri x = 5,55 m do 4,95 m dokumentiran vkop, ki je bil zapolnjen z manjšo zaplato hišnega ometa ter s posedanjem najstarejše kulturne plasti. Prelomnico plasti nekdanje površine in najstarejše kulturne plasti je predstavljal vkop med x = 3 m in 4 m. To je vkop za neporavnano vrsto kamnov, ki so zamejevali hodnik za zidom.27 Tudi v prostoru za zidom je zelenkasto ilovico prekrivala siva najstarejša kulturna plast, na kateri je bil zid I tudi zgrajen. Vendar pa se je tu najstarejša kulturna plast le težko ločevala od najmanj treh ruševinskih plasti, ki so bile najverjetneje nanesene iz najstarejše hiše. V omenjeni ruševini so se pojavljali tudi večji kamni, ki so pričali o obnovi ali popravilu zidu I.28 Najstarejšo kulturno plast in tri ruševinske plasti za zidom so med seboj vsaj delno ločevale tri lečaste plasti izravnalne rumenkaste ilovice. Najvišja, to je četrta plast 24 Svoljšak 1994, 86. 25 Svoljšak 1994, 98. 26 Svoljšak 1994, 86. 27 Svoljšak 1994, 90, pril. 19. 28 Z izjemo vrste kamnov za obzidjem pri izkopavanju sonde izrazite stavbne ostaline niso bile odkrite (Svoljšak 1994, 88, 90). Omenjena vrsta kamnov je na eni strani za-mejevala hodnik za obzidjem, na drugi pa so ti lahko služili tudi kot temeljni kamni bivanjskega objekta pomaknjenega v notranjost sonde oz. naselja. 2.1 TRENCHES IN THE RAMPART'S SOUTH-WESTERN SECTION Trenches 3, 7, 14, 16 and 17 were excavated on the south-western periphery of the settlement (Fig. 1). The first, Trench 3, was excavated already in 1967 and the last, Trench 17 in 1971.24 With every trench excavated, the knowledge of the settlement and its stratigraphy increased, and I will present the trenches in reverse order as investigated. TRENCH 17 Trench 17 revealed the remains of the first (Wall I) and the second Hallstatt-period rampart (Wall II), while only a few stones were recovered from the last, Wall III (App. 2).25 WALL I Wall I was erected on top of a ground surface of greenish loam (App. 2).26 On top of it, a grey, earthier layer was deposited that represents the earliest cultural layer or Layer a. It could be traced to the edge of the trench at x = 8m, with an interruption at roughly x = 3.50m. At around x = 6m, the layer included a large patch of daub and burnt earth. At the edge of the daub patch, a cut was documented from x = 5.55 to 4.95m, filled with a smaller patch of daub and the material of Layer a that gradually crumbled into the cut. The ground surface and Layer a were interrupted by a cut documented between x = 3 and 4m. The cut was made for an irregular row of stones that delimited the corridor behind Wall I.27 In the corridor as well, the greenish loam was covered by Layer a. Here, however, the cultural layer could hardly be distinguished from the three or more layers of debris that probably represent the remains of the earliest house in this area. The debris also included large stones used to renovate or repair Wall I.28 Layer a and the three or more debris layers behind the rampart were partially separated by three lenticular layers of yellowish loamy levelling. The highest-lying, fourth levelling, also of yellowish loam and containing only few finds,29 almost completely covered the layers 24 Svoljsak 1994, 87. 25 Svoljsak 1994, 99. 26 Svoljsak 1994, 89. 27 Svoljsak 1994, 93, App. 19. 28 With the exception of the row of stones behind the wall, excavations did not reveal clear remains of buildings (Svoljsak 1994, 89 ff). The row of stones delimited the corridor behind the wall and may also have functioned as the foundations of a residential building adjacent to the corridor. 29 Svoljsak 1994, 93. 17 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS kompleks/Complex notranjost/Interior zunanjost/Exterior zid/Wall 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 16a 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 35 36 30 31 32 33 34 Lt • • • III • • • • • • • • • • II • • O • • • • med / Between 1-II • • • • • plast/Layer c • • • • • • « O • 1 plast/Layer b • • • • • • O • plast/Layer a • • • • • • • • o • Sl. 3: Korelacijska tabela zidov stiškega naselja in kompleksov iz sonde 17. Fig. 3: Correlation table of the defensive walls and the complexes of finds from Trench 17. rumenkaste izravnalne ilovice, ki je vsebovala le malo najdb,29 je malodane v celoti prekrila plasti, ki so nastale ob zidu I in so jim lahko sledili po vsej notranjosti sonde. Z najstarejšim halštatskim zidom I lahko povežem najdbne komplekse 12, 16 in 16a, 17 ter 24 do 29 (sl. 3; t. 1-5: 1-10). Pri tem lahko s stratigrafsko najstarejšo plastjo, to je plastjo a za zidom I, povezujem kompleksa 16 in 16a. Kompleks 16 namreč vsebuje najdbe iz plasti nekdanje površine med x = 4 m do 8 m in y = 16,50 m do 20,50 m, kompleks 16a pa med x = 0 m do 1 m. S plastjo a za zidom I povezujem tudi kompleksa 29 in 12. Kompleks 29 izvira iz najstarejše kulturne plasti in izravnalne plasti nad njo tik za zidom I. Najdbe iz plasti nekdanje površine na prehodu v najstarejšo kulturno plast med x = 4 m do 8 m združuje kompleks 12. Od kompleksa 16a je bil ločen kompleks 27. Ta skoraj v celoti zajema najdbe iz vseh ruševinskih plasti najstarejše hiše. Teh ni več mogoče podrobneje razdeliti, čeprav so bile med seboj ločene z dvema plastema izravnalne ilovice; najdbe iz njih so bile združene v kompleks 28. Vendar pa je iz terenske dokumentacije vodje izkopavanj moč razbrati, da večina najdb kompleksa 27 pripada tretji ali najmlajši fazi hiše. Kompleksa 27 in 28 torej vsebujeta najdbe iz plasti b, to je osrednjih plasti za zidom I. S kompleksom 27 sta tesno povezana kompleksa 25 in 24. Oba namreč vsebujeta najdbe iz vrhnjega dela ruševinske plasti hiše, kompleks 25 med x = 1 m do 4 m, kompleks 24 pa predvsem med x = 2 m do 3 m. Najdbe iz vrhnje ali najmlajše ruševinske plasti morda vsebuje tudi kompleks 26, ki sicer izvira predvsem iz izravnalne plasti ob koncu zidu I med x = -0,80 m do 1,50 m. Kompleksi 24, 25 in 26 tako vsebujejo najdbe iz najzgornejših ali stratigrafsko najmlajših plasti, zato jih povezujem s plastjo c za zidom I. Tako z zidom I kot tudi z II povezujem najdbe iz kompleksov 20, 17 in 10 (sl. 3; t. 6: 1-11). Prva dva zaobsegata predvsem najdbe ob vkopu pri x = 3 m do 29 Svoljšak 1994, 92. that formed along Wall I and could be traced all across the interior of the trench. The earliest Hallstatt-period Wall I can be associated with the finds forming Complexes 12, 16, 16a, 17 and 24-29 (Fig. 3; Pls. 1-5:1-10). Ofthose, Complexes 16 and 16a can be brought into connection with the stratigraphi-cally earliest layer behind Wall I, i.e. Layer a. Complex 16 contains the finds from the ground surface from x = 4 to 8m and from y = 16.50 to 20.50m, while Complex 16a contains such finds from x = 0 to 1m. Also connected with Layer a are Complexes 29 and 12. The finds of Complex 29 originate from Layer a and the levelling above it just behind Wall I. The finds from the ground surface at its contact with Layer a from x = 4 to 8m form Complex 12. Part of the finds from Complex 16a were later separated to form Complex 27, which consists of almost all of the finds from the debris layers of the earliest house. Individual debris layers could not be distinguished, in spite of them being separated by layers of loamy levelling. The finds from these levelling layers form Complex 28. The field documentation of the head of the excavation reveals that most finds from Complex 27 belong to the third, i.e. last phase of the house. Complexes 27 and 28 thus contain finds from the middle layers behind Wall I, i.e. Layer b. Complex 27 is closely related to Complexes 25 and 24. The last two contain the finds from the top part of the debris layer of the house: Complex 25 those from x = 1 to 4m and Complex 24 primarily those from x = 2 to 3m. Part of the finds from the top, i.e. last debris layer may also form Complex 26, which otherwise consists of the finds from the levelling layer at the edge of Wall I between x = -0.80 and 1.50m. Complexes 24, 25 and 26 thus contain the finds from the topmost or stratigraphi-cally latest layers behind Wall I named Layer c. The finds from Complexes 20, 17 and 10 (Fig. 3; Pl. 6:1-11) are associated both with Wall I and Wall II. The first two mainly comprise the finds excavated beside the cut extending from x = 3 to 4m, with Complex 17 18 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS 4 m, pri čemer združuje kompleks 17 od kompleksa 20 višje ležeče najdbe. Ker sta bila kompleksa določena na podlagi horizontalnih planumov, verjetno zajemata še najdbe iz ruševinskih plasti najstarejše hiše in morda tudi najdbe iz rumenkaste izravnalne plasti ter plasti nad njo, ki pa v tem delu najverjetneje pripada zidu II. Kompleks 10 je bil opredeljen med x = 5 m do 8 m. Poleg posameznih najdb še iz najstarejše kulturne plasti vsebuje tudi najdbe iz izravnalne plasti ter plasti nad njo. MED ZIDOM I IN II Za zidom do x = 1,20 m je izravnalno ilovico prekrivala izrazita žganinska plast. Gre za ostanke kratkotrajne lesene konstrukcije, ki je bila v uporabi v času po razrušitvi zidu I in pred izgradnjo zidu II.30 Iz plasti med zidom I in II izhajata kompleksa 23 in 22 (sl. 3; t. 5:11-14). Čeprav obsegata oba tudi vrhnji del izravnalne plasti nad zidom I, vsebujeta predvsem najdbe iz žganinske plasti nad njo. Prvi je obsegal kvadrante med x = -1 m do 1,80 m, kompleks 22 pa med x = -1 m do 0 m. ZID II Zganinsko plast je kot ostalina gradnje zidu II prekrila tanka plast kamnitega grušča, ki je segala vse do x = 1,4 m. Na grušču se je odložila še rjava kulturna plast, ki pa ji niso mogli slediti dlje v notranjost.31 Grušč zidu II in kulturna plast na njem sta povezana s stavbnimi ostalinami, ki so bile razpoznavne tudi na severozahodnem profilu.32 Gre za drobce oglja in zaplate hišnega ometa, ki so bile odkrite predvsem med x = 7,30 m do 7,90 m in y = 17,40 m do 18 m.33 Na rjavo kulturno plast je bila okoli x = 1 m položena vrsta kamnov, ki zamejuje hodnik za zidom II in tako predstavlja mlajši naselbinski del k zidu II (pril. 2).34 Na zid II se vežejo kompleksi 21, 35, 8 (sl. 3; t. 7, 8: 1-7) in najverjetneje tudi 15. Kompleks 21 obsega najdbe iz kulturne plasti nad plastjo grušča, ki je povezan z gradnjo zidu II. Najdbe iz grušča kot ostaline omenjene gradnje vsebuje tudi kompleks 35, ki izvira nad zidom I med x = -2 m do -1 m. Kompleks 8 pa izvira iz stavbnih ostalin ob zidu II ob severozahodnem profilu. Ob vkopu pri x = 4 m do 3 m so bili opredeljeni kompleksi 20, 17 in 15 (sl. 3; t. 6:12-17). Ti poleg dela najdb iz izravnalne plasti vsebujejo predvsem najdbe iz rjave zemljene plasti, ki poteka vse do kamnov, ki omejujejo prazen prostor ob zidu II. 30 Svoljšak 1994, 92, sl. 87. 31 Svoljšak 1994, 96. 32 Svoljšak 1994, 96, sl. 88. 33 Svoljšak 1994, 96, op. 12. 34 Svoljšak 1994, pril. 19. containing the finds recovered higher up than those forming Complex 20. Because the two complexes are determined on the basis of horizontal spits, they probably also include the finds from the debris layers of the earliest house, possibly from the yellowish levelling layer and the layer above it, the latter in this part probably already associated with Wall II. Complex 10 comprises the finds recovered from x = 5 to 8m, i.e. individual finds from the earliest cultural layer (Layer a) as well as the finds from the levelling (Layer c) and the layer above that. BETWEEN WALLS I AND II The loamy levelling behind the rampart and up to x = 1.20m was covered by a clearly discernible layer of burnt material. These represent a wooden construction of short use in the time between the destruction of Wall I and the erection of Wall II.30 The layers between Walls I and II yielded finds forming Complexes 23 and 22 (Fig. 3; Pl. 5:11-14). These include the finds form the top part of the levelling layer above Wall I, but primarily consist of the finds from the layer of burnt material above the levelling. Complex 23 consists of the finds from the square grids between x = -1 and 1.80m, while Complex 22 comprises those found between x = -1 and 0m. WALL II The layer of burnt material was covered by a thin layer stone rubble that represent the remains of the construction of Wall II and reached to x = 1.4m. The stone rubble was covered by a brown cultural layer, which could not be traced further into the settlement's interior.31 The stone rubble of Wall II and the cultural layer were in contact with the remains of a building also discernible in the north-west cross section.32 The remains mainly consisted of bits of charcoal and patches of daub, recovered for the most part between x = 7.30 and 7.90m, y = 17.40 and 18m.33 A row of stones was found on the brown cultural layer at around x = 1m. It delimited the corridor behind the rampart and represented a later occupation associated with Wall II (App. 2).34 The finds associated with Wall II form Complexes 21, 35, 8 (Fig. 3; Pls. 7, 8:1-7) and probably also 15. Complex 21 comprises the finds from the brown cultural layer above the stone rubble. Complex 35 consists of the finds 30 Svoljsak 1994, 95, Fig. 87. 31 Svoljsak 1994, 95. 32 Svoljsak 1994, 95, Fig. 88. 33 Svoljsak 1994, 95, Fn. 12. 34 Svoljsak 1994, App. 19. 19 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS Kompleksa 19 in 18 vsebujeta najdbe iz ruševinske plasti zidu II in iz plasti iz časa gradnje zidu III (sl. 3; t. 8: 9, 10). Prvi je bil opredeljen nad kompleksom 15 med x = 1 m do 4 m, drugi pri x = -1,50 m do 1,50 m. Najdbe iz obeh kompleksov tako lahko sodijo bodisi k II. bodisi k III zidu. Zaradi neločljivosti najdb, ki sodijo deloma k zidu II in deloma k zidu III, povezujem z obema še kompleks 36 (sl. 3; t. 8: 8). Ta vsebuje najdbe iz prsti med oziroma nad kamni zidu II pri x = -2 m do -3 m. ZID III S skromnimi ostanki zidu III lahko povezujemo plast grušča, ki se je začenjala nekje pri vrsti kamnov hodnika k zidu II in je segala nad kamne samega zidu II. Gre za plast grušča, ki je nastala med gradnjo najmlajšega halštatskega zidu.35 S slednjim lahko povežemo še zaplato hišnega ometa in ožgane gline, ki je bila izkopana med x = 6,80 m do 8 m (pril. 2). Z zidom III povezujem najdbne komplekse 13, 14, 6, 9, 11, 7 in 5 (sl. 3; t. 8:11-19; 9, 10:1-13). Prvi izvira iz grušča in kulturne plasti, ki pripada zidu III pri x = -2 m do 1,50 m, kompleks 14 pa je iz predela pri x = -0,50 m do 0,50 m in tako izvira iz gruče kamenja oz. ruševine za zidom, ki je bila sem najverjetneje naložena ob gradnji zidu III. Kompleks 9 obsega najdbe iz starejše naselbinske plasti k zidu III med x = 0,5 m do 5 m in je močno povezan s kompleksom 6, ki vsebuje najdbe, izkopane med x = 1 m in x = 6,50 m. Kompleks 11 izvira iz prsti med kamni zidu III, kot kompleks 7 pa so bile opredeljene najdbe iz dela kulturne plasti omenjenega zidu pri x = -1 m do -1,50 m. Zadnji kompleks, ki ga povezujem z zidom III, je kompleks 5. Ta izvira iz najmlajše halštatske plasti pri x = 6 m do 8 m. LATENSKE PLASTI Nad plastjo grušča in hišnega ometa, ki ju zagotovo lahko povezujemo s III. halštatskim zidom, je bila vse do humusa izkopana barvno in strukturno enotna rjava zemljena plast. Latenskodobna poselitev se je na halštatskodobne plasti namreč tako navezala, da niso bile dokumentirane kakšne jasne ločnice. Vseeno je bilo v latenskodobni plasti, ki se je začenjala neposredno pod humusom, moč slutiti dve stopnji, mlajšo in starejšo. Prva je bila od starejše latenskodobne poselitvene stopnje ločena s slojem drobirja,36 ki je bil nekoliko izrazitejši predvsem med x = -1 m do 0,50 m (pril. 2). S sledmi latenskodobne poselitve povezujem komplekse 4, 2 in 3 (sl. 3; t. 10: 14-17; 11: 1-10), pri čemer izhaja slednji iz stratigrafsko najmlajšega dela latenske plasti. Kompleks 1, ki vsebuje nestratificirane in s tem 35 Svoljšak 1994, 98. 36 Svoljšak 1994, 98. recovered in the stone rubble between x = -2 to -1m, i.e. above the remains of Wall I. Complex 8 comprises the finds from the building remains in the north-west cross section that are connected with a phase of Wall II. The area around the cut between x = 4 and 3m yielded the finds forming Complexes 20, 17 and 15 (Fig. 3; Pl. 6:12-17). These comprise part of the finds from a levelling layer, but mostly those from the brown earthy layer that could be traced to the stones delimiting the corridor behind Wall II. Complexes 19 and 18 contain the finds from the debris layer of Wall II and from the layer associated with the construction of Wall III (Fig. 3; Pl. 8: 9, 10). The finds of Complex 19 were unearthed above those of Complex 15 between x = 1 and 4m and those of Complex 18 between x = -1.50 and 1.50m. Also associated either with Wall II or Wall III are the finds of Complex 36 (Fig. 3; Pl. 8: 8), excavated in the soil between and above the stones of Wall II from x = -2 to -3m. WALL III The scarce remains of Wall III are associated with the layer of stone rubble that began at the row of stones delimiting the corridor behind Wall II and reached above the stones of Wall II. The layer formed during the construction of the last Hallstatt rampart.35 The patch of daub and burnt clay unearthed between x = 6.80 and 8m can also be connected with Wall III (App. 2). The finds associated with Wall III form Complexes 13, 14, 6, 9, 11, 7 and 5 (Fig. 3; Pls. 8:11-19; 9,10:1-13). Complex 13 consists of the finds recovered between x = -2 to 1.50m in the stone rubble and the cultural layer associated with Wall III. Complex 14 comprises the finds unearthed between x = -0.50 and 0.50m in the heap of stones or debris behind the rampart that was probably placed there during the construction of Wall III. Complex 9 comprises the finds from the early habitation layer associated with Wall III between x = 0.5 and 5m. It is closely connected with Complex 6 that contains the finds unearthed between x = 1 and 6.50m. The finds of Complex 11 came from the soil between the stones of Wall III, those of Complex 7 from the part of the cultural layer associated with Wall III between x = -1 and -1.50m, while those of Complex 5 came from the latest Hallstatt layer between x = 6 and 8m. LA T£NE LAYERS The layer of stone rubble and daub associated with Wall III was covered by a brown earthy layer uniform and both colour and structure, which lay directly under the topsoil. The transition from the Hallstatt to the La 35 Svoljsak 1994, 99. 20 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS tudi neopredeljive najdbe iz humusne plasti tako iz notranjega kot tudi zunanjega dela sonde 17, je izpuščen. NASIP K ZIDU I V zunanjem delu sonde 17 se je nad sterilno ilovnato plastjo, ki je v vrhnjem delu prehajala v bolj zemljeno sivkasto plast nekdanje površine, odložila svetlo rjava zemljena plast. Gre za zemljen nasip k zidu I, ki je segal vse do x = -5 m do -6 m. Tu je bil nasip zamejen z nekakšnim kamnitim zidcem.37 Najdbe iz prvega zemljenega nasipa vsebujejo kompleksi 34, 32 in 33 (sl. 3; 1.11:11-16). Pri tem kompleks 34 izvira tako iz samega zemljenega nasipa zidu I kot tudi še iz prve kulturne plasti, na kateri zid in nasip stojita, kompleks 33 pa ni bil povsem jasno omejen, zato lahko vsebuje tudi deloma pomešane najdbe. NASIP K ZIDU II Nad prvim zemljenim nasipom je bil ob izgradnji zidu II nasut še nov zemljeni nasip nekoliko temnejše barve38, ki na profilu ni najbolje razviden. Najdbe, ki so bile večinoma pobrane pri izkopavanju drugega zemljenega nasipa, vsebujeta kompleksa 31 in 30 (sl. 3). SONDA 16 Stiško obzidje je bilo v svojem jugozahodnem delu v celoti presekano z izkopavanjem sonde 16 (sl. 1). Ta je skupno merila kar 40 m v dolžino in je bila razdeljena na dela A in B. Sonda 16A je tako obsegala notranji del naselja skupaj s samim obzidjem,39 pobočje zunaj obzidja pa je obsegala sonda 16B.40 SONDA 16A Podobno kot v sondi 17 je bilo z izkopavanjem sonde 16A odkrito predvsem I. in II. obzidje, od zidu III pa je bilo ohranjenih le nekaj kamnov notranje fronte (pril. 3).41 37 Svoljšak 1994, pril. 19. 38 Svoljšak 1994, 96. 39 Svoljšak 1994, op. 1, pril. 13. Sonda 16A je sicer segala vse do x = -6 m in tako odkrila tudi del plasti zunaj obzidja, ki pa jih bom obravnavala v okviru sonde 16B. 40 Svoljšak 1994, 86, pril. 20. Sonda 16B je segala vse do x = -32 m, jugovzhodni profil pa je objavljen le do x = -20 m. Ker neobjavljeni del profila ne prinaša dodatnih informacij, se celovita objava profila tudi nam ne zdi potrebna. 41 Svoljšak 1994, 98. Tene layers was without a clear line of division. There was, however, a division between the early and the late phase within the La Tene layer in the form of a layer of small stone rubble,36 most clearly visible between x = -1 and 0.50m (App. 2). The pottery remains of the La Tene habitation form Complexes 4, 2 and 3 (Fig. 3; Pls. 10: 14-17; 11: 1-10), with the finds from Complex 3 originating in the strati-graphically latest part of the layer. The finds excluded from the discussion are those of Complex 1, comprising unstratified and thus undeterminable finds from the topsoil in the interior and exterior parts of Trench 17. EARTHWORK ASSOCIATED WITH WALL I In the exterior part of Trench 17, the sterile loamy layer that showed a gradual transition into an earthy greyish layer of a former ground surface, overlain by a deposit of light brown earth associated with Wall I. The earthwork reached from x = -5 to a thin stone wall at -6m.37 The finds from the earthwork form Complexes 34, 32 and 33 (Fig. 3; Pl. 11: 11-16). Complex 34 consists of the finds from the earthwork and from the layer of greyish earth or first cultural layer onto which Wall I was built. Complex 33 could not be clearly determined and may include mixed finds. EARTHWORK ASSOCIATED WITH WALL II The first earthwork was overlain by another one of a slightly darker colour, created during the construction of Wall II.38 This second earthwork was not clearly distinguishable in cross section. The finds predominantly recovered during the excavation of the second earthwork form Complexes 31 and 30 (Fig. 3). TRENCH 16 The trench was excavated in the south-western part of the rampart (Fig. 1). It measured 40 and length and was divided into parts A and B. Trench 16A covered the interior part and the rampart,39 while Trench 16B examined the slope outside the settlement.40 36 Svoljsak 1994, 99. 37 Svoljsak 1994, 89, App. 19. 38 Svoljsak 1994, 95. 39 Trench 16A reached to x = -6 m and thus also revealed part of the layers beyond the rampart, but these will be treated as part of 16B. 40 Svoljsak 1994, 87, App. 20. Trench 16B extended up to x = -32 m, while the published south-east cross section only extends up to x = -20 m. The 21 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS kompleks / Complex zid/Wall 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Lt • • • • III • • • • O • • • II • O • • • • • med / Between 1 - II O • O plast/Layer c o • • • • • • 1 plast/Layer b • • • plast/Layer a O • • Sl. 4: Korelacijska tabela zidov stiškega naselja in kompleksov sonde 16A. Fig. 4: Correlation table of the defensive walls and the complexes of finds from Trench 16A. ZID I Zid I je bil postavljen na zelenkasto ilovico, ki je proti vrhu prehajala v bolj zemljeno sivkasto plast. Gre za do 10 cm debelo najstarejšo kulturno plast, ki je bila identificirana po vsej notranjosti sonde. Okoli x = 4,80 m je najstarejša kulturna plast pričela padati do kamnov hodnika za obzidjem pri x = 3,80 m do 3 m ter naprej vse do temeljnih kamnov zidu I.42 Od x = 3 m do 1 m je najstarejšo kulturno plast pokrival pas drobirja, ki je nastal ob gradnji zidu (pril. 3).43 Najstarejšo kulturno plast je skoraj v celoti prekrivala sterilna, izravnalna ilovica rumenkaste barve. Pri pasu drobirja na x = 3 m je ta izginila. Nad drobirjem se je odložila druga kulturna plast, ki je bila na vrhu zaključena z novim drobnim pasom drobirja, ki ga lahko povezujemo z obnovo ali popravilom zidu I.44 Od x = 3 m proti notranjosti se je druga kulturna plast nekoliko dvignila. Na vrhu jo je zaključeval pas rdeče ožgane ilovice in hišnega ometa. Gre za ostalino požara,45 ki je bila najizrazitejša na x = 6,30 m do 6,90 m in je bila mestoma prekrita z drobnim pasom rumenkaste izravnalne ilovice. Druga kulturna plast od x = 4 m proti notranjosti v svojem vrhnjem delu ni bila najbolje ločljiva in je bila večkrat pomešana s plastjo nad njo. Z najstarejšim zidom povezujem komplekse 14, 15, 16, 18 do 25 in 29. Pri tem lahko s samim začetkom zidu I povežem najdbna kompleksa 24 in 25 (sl. 4; 1.12: 1-16). Oba namreč izvirata iz najstarejše kulturne plasti, to je plasti a za zidom I; kompleks 24 med x = 1,50 m do notranje fronte zidu I, kompleks 25 pa od vrste kamnov pri x = 3 m do 3,80 m do konca izkopa pri x = 8 m. K plasti a za zidom I prištevam tudi kompleks 16. Ta vsebuje najdbe iz t. i. jame 2. Pri odstranjevanju najstarejše kulturne plasti sta bili v njenem spodnjem delu namreč zapaženi dve rahli sivi lisi, interpretirani kot 42 Svoljšak 1994, pril. 18. 43 Svoljšak 1994, 90. 44 Svoljšak 1994, 90. 45 Svoljšak 1994, 92. TRENCH 16A Similarly as with Trench 17, Trench 16A revealed Walls I and II, while only a few stones of the interior face of Wall III were found (App. 3).41 WALL I Wall I was built onto greenish loam that showed a gradual transition into the roughly 10cm thick earliest cultural layer of greyish earth, i.e. Layer a documented across the interior part of the trench. At around x = 4.80m, this layer began falling towards the stones of the corridor behind the rampart between x = 3.80 and 3m and further down to the foundations of Wall I.42 From x = 3 to 1m, the earliest cultural layer was covered by a strip of small stone rubble created during the construction of Wall I (App. 3).43 The earliest cultural layer was almost completely covered by a levelling layer of sterile yellowish loam, which tapered out at the strip of stone rubble at x = 3m. The strip was overlain by another cultural layer, i.e Layer b, covered by another, thin strip of small stone rubble. The second strip can be brought into connection with the renovation or repair of Wall I.44 The second cultural layer rose slightly from x = 3m towards the interior. It ended at a strip of red burnt loam and daub. This represents the remains of a fire,45 most clearly distinguishable from x = 6.30 to 6.90m and in parts covered with a thin strip of yellowish levelling loamy. The upper part of the second cultural layer was, from x = 4m towards the interior, at places undistinguishable from the layer above it. unpublished part of the trench not bringing additional information, however, I do not deem publishing the complete cross section necessary. 41 Svoljsak 1994, 99. 42 Svoljsak 1994, App. 18. 43 Svoljsak 1994, 91. 44 Svoljsak 1994, 91. 45 Svoljsak 1994, 95. 22 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS ostanka vkopov v sterilno ilovico, ki so ju poimenovali jama 1 in 2. Jama 1, ki poleg drobcev oglja ni vsebovala drugih najdb, je ležala na x = 3,60 m do 4,40 m, y = 12,30 m do 13,10 m, jama 2 pa pri x = 6,30 m do 7 m, y = 12,70 m do 13,40 m. Iz stratigrafsko mlajših plasti za zidom I, to je iz plasti b, izhajajo kompleksi 20, 22 in 23 (sl. 4; t. 12:17, 18; 13). Slednjega predstavlja lonček, ki je bil najden ob notranji fronti zidu I v vrhnjem delu rumenkaste izravnalne ilovice, ki ločuje najstarejšo kulturno plast od druge kulturne plasti. Del omenjene izravnalne ilovice med x = 1 m do -0,90 m, ki najdbe vsebuje le izjemoma, je bil izkopan skupaj z ostanki najstarejše bivanjske stopnje. Te najdbe so bile združene v kompleks 22. Preostalo gradivo, izkopano v plasti spodnjega in zgornjega pasu drobirja, vsebuje kompleks 20. Kompleksi 14, 15, 18 in 19 (sl. 4; 1.14:1-9) obsegajo najdbe iz druge kulturne plasti, to je plasti c ali najmlajše plasti za zidom I. Vsi so bili opredeljeni predvsem med x = 2 m do 4 m. Ker se v tem delu kulturne plasti v odnosu do plasti, nanesenih v hodnik za zidom, najstarejše bivanjske stopnje močno dvignejo, strati pa so bili kopani horizontalno, vsebujejo ti kompleksi tako najdbe iz obeh kulturnih plasti kot tudi vmesnih pasov izravnalne ilovice. Pri tem kot stratigrafsko najstarejše obravnavam najdbe iz kompleksa 19, saj je ta med x = 2 m do 3,50 m najgloblji. Nad njim sta bila nekje med x = 2 m do 4 m opredeljena kompleksa 18 in 15, ter nad slednjim med x = 2 m do 5 m še kompleks 14. S koncem zidu I povezujem kompleksa 21 in 29 (sl. 4). Prvi obsega najdbe iz izravnalne ilovice vrh zidu I pri x = -1 m do 1,50 m, kompleks 29 pa vsebuje najdbe, ki so bile izkopane med samimi kamni zidu I ter v izravnalni plasti tik nad njim. Kompleksa 7 (sl. 4; t. 14: 12-16), ki izvira iz kvadrantov med x = 4 m in 8 m, ni možno povezati izključno z zidom I. Kompleks 7 namreč združuje tako najdbe iz druge kulturne plasti k zidu I kot tudi najdbe iz zaplat ožgane ilovice in hišnega ometa nad njim. Slednje lahko sodijo v čas, ko je stiško naselje brez obzidja, še verjetneje pa jih gre povezovati z zidom II. MED ZIDOM I IN II Nad drugo kulturno plastjo k zidu I je bila na x = 1,80 m do -1,10 m odkrita nova izravnalna plast rumenkaste ilovice, ki je bila tja nanesena že po opustitvi zidu I. Na njej so ležali ostanki najizrazitejšega pogorišča, ki tako kot plast izravnalne ilovice sega nad najstarejši zid. Pri pogorišču med x = 1,0 m in x = -1 m gre najverjetneje za ostanke kratkotrajne lesene konstrukcije, ki je bila v uporabi v času, ko je bilo stiško naselje brez kamnitega obzidja (pril. 3).46 46 Svoljšak 1994, 92. The finds associated with the earliest rampart form Complexes 14-16, 18-25 and 29 (Fig. 4; Pl. 12: 1-16). Complexes 24 and 25 can be related to the beginning of the Wall I phase, both originating from Layer a. The finds of Complex 24 were recovered between x = 1.50m and the interior face of Wall I, while those of Complex 25 came from the row of stones between x = 3m and 3.80m to the end of the trench at x = 8m. The finds from Layer a also form part of Complex 16, which otherwise contains the finds from Pit 2. While removing the earliest cultural layer, two poorly discernible grey patches were observed in its bottom part, interpreted as the remains of cuts into the sterile loam and named Pits 1 and 2. Pit 1 only contained bits of charcoal and was documented between x = 3.60 and 4.40m, y = 12.30 and 13.10m, while Pit 2 was documented between x = 6.30 and 7m, y = 12.70 and 13.40m. The finds from Layer b form Complexes 20, 22 and 23 (Fig. 4; Pls. 12:17,18; 13). Complex 23 only consists of a small jar found beside the interior face of Wall I towards the top of the yellowish loamy levelling that separated Layers a and b. Complex 22 comprises the few finds from the part of the loamy levelling on top of Layer a that was, together with earliest habitation layer, excavated between x = 1 and -0.90m. Complex 20 consists of the finds from the two strips of small stone rubble. Complexes 14, 15, 18 and 19 (Fig. 4; Pl. 14:1-9) comprise the finds from the second cultural layer, here named Layer c or the last layer associated with Wall I. The finds were predominantly recovered between x = 2 and 4m. In this part, the earliest cultural layers rise substantially in relation to the layers deposited in the corridor behind the rampart. With the spits dug horizontally, the complexes contain finds from both cultural layers, as well as the intermediary strips of loamy levelling. The finds considered stratigraphically earliest are those in Complex 19 and were excavated between x = 2 and 3.50m. Complexes 18 and 15 consist of the finds unearthed further up and roughly between x = 2 and 4m. The finds of Complex 14 were highest and collected between x = 2 and 5m. The finds associated with the end of Wall I form Complexes 21 and 29 (Fig. 4). The former consist of the finds from the loamy levelling on top of Wall I between x = -1 and 1.50m, the latter contains the finds recovered between the stones of the wall, as well as the loamy levelling directly above it. Complex 7 (Fig. 4; Pl. 14:12-16), consisting of the finds unearthed in the grid squares between x = 4 and 8m, cannot be connected exclusively to Wall I. It comprises the finds both from the second cultural layer (Layer c) and from the patches of burnt loam and daub above it. The latter finds may belong to the time when the Stična settlement was not enclosed within a rampart, but are more likely connected with Wall II. 23 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS V notranjosti lahko pogorišče povežemo kvečjemu z rdečimi zaplatami glinastega ometa, ki so bile dokumentirane nad drugo kulturno plastjo na x = 2,20 m do 3,10 m, x = 3,50 m do 4 m, x = 5 m do 6 m in na x = 6,30 m do 6,90 m. Najdbe iz močne žganinske plasti med zidom I in II so združene v kompleks 17. Del najdb, ki lahko sodijo še k najdbnemu kompleksu 17, vsebuje tudi kompleks 27 (sl. 4; t. 15). Ta obsega najdbe izpod kamnov zidu II, ki so gotovo starejše od samega zidu II. ZID II Močno pogorišče med zidom I in II je prekrival pas ostrega drobirja, ki je povezan z gradnjo zidu II (pril. 3).47 Nad pasom drobirja med x = 1,60 m do -1 m, ki na objavljenem profilu ni najbolje razviden, je ležala te-mnorjava zemljena kulturna plast. Prekrival jo je nov pas drobirja, ki je bil v primerjavi s spodnjim manj izrazit. Nad pogoriščem je bila med x = 1,60 m do 3 m nanesena plast rumenkaste izravnalne ilovice. Ta plast je sicer segala vse do konca izkopa pri x = 8 m, vendar pa v notranjosti sonde ni bila več tako izrazita kot v omenjenem delu, in tako na profilu med x = 4 m do 6,50 m sploh ni bila identificirana. Na vrhu je bila zaključena z bolj ali manj sklenjenim pasom kamnitega drobirja, ki ga je prekrivala neizrazita kulturna plast. V njej so pri x = 1,60 m do 1 m v neporavnani vrsti ležali kamni, ki so zamejevali okoli 1,80 m širok hodnik za samim obzidjem.48 Kulturna plast k zidu II je bila na površini zapečatena s plastjo ožgane ilovice in ometa, ki je bila jasno razpoznavna v profilu in je z nekaj prekinitvami segala vse od x = 1,60 m do 8 m. Z zidom II povezujem komplekse 9, 12, 26 in 28 (sl. 4; t. 16:1-12), slednji pri tem vsebuje najdbe, ki so bile izkopane prav med kamni zidu. Kompleks 26 vsebuje najdbe, ki so bile pobrane predvsem okoli kamnov hodnika pri x = 1,50 m. Večji del najdb iz kulturne plasti k zidu II je bil združen v kompleks 12. Ta je bil nekoliko nejasno opredeljen med x = 1,50 m in 6 m in je povezan s kompleksom 9, ki je opredeljen nad njim. Kompleks 9 vsebuje predvsem najdbe iz zaplat ožgane ilovice med x = 3,50 m do 6 m.49 Najdbe tako iz plasti k zidu II kot tudi zidu III vsebujeta kompleksa 6 in 10 (sl. 4; t. 16: 13-18; 17: 1-5). Slednji je bil opredeljen nad kompleksom 12 med x = 1,50 m do 4 m in združuje tako najdbe iz kulturne plasti k zidu II kot tudi najdbe iz kulturne plasti k zidu III. Kompleks 6 vsebuje predvsem najdbe, ki so bile 47 Svoljšak 1994, 96. 48 Svoljšak 1994, 96, pril. 18. 49 Kompleks 9 vsebuje tudi nekaj najdb, ki so bile kot lonec 7016A/009-016 (t. 16: 5) najdene med dvema zaplatama hišnega ometa pri x = 7 m. BETWEEN WALLS I AND II Layer c was covered by a new levelling layer of yellowish loam documented between x = 1.80 and -1.10m, which was deposited after Wall I had been abandoned. It was covered by a layer of dense burnt material recorded between x = 1 and -1m, which also covered the earliest rampart, similarly as the loamy levelling. The burnt material probably represents the remains of a wooden construction of a short duration, in use when the Stična settlement was not enclosed within a rampart (App. 3).46 The burnt remains in the interior part of the trench may perhaps be connected with the red patches of clayey plaster documented above the second cultural layer to Wall I (= Layer c) between x = 2.20 and 3.10m, x = 3.50 and 4m, x = 5 and 6m, as well as x = 6.30 and 6.90m. The finds from the layer of burnt material form Complex 17. The layer may also have yielded several finds now forming Complex 27 (Fig. 4; Pl. 15), which otherwise consists of the finds recovered from under the stones of Wall II, which certainly predate the said rampart. WALL II The layer of burnt material between Walls I and II was covered by a strip of small and sharp-edged pieces of stone associated with the construction of Wall II (App. 3).47 The strip is not clearly visible on the published cross section. Above it and between x = 1.60 and -1m was a cultural layer of dark brown earth, which was covered by another strip of small stone rubble, less dense than the first one. Between x = 1.60 and 3m, the layer of burnt material was covered by a yellowish loamy levelling. It was traced to the edge of the trench at x = 8m, but became thinner in the interior part of the trench and was not even identified in the cross section between x = 4 and 6.50m. It was covered by a more or less continuous strip of small stone rubble followed upwards by a thin cultural layer. Within the latter, an irregular row of stones was found between x = 1.60 and 1m that delimited a roughly 1.80m wide corridor behind the rampart.48 The cultural layer associated with Wall II was 'sealed' with a layer of burnt clay and daub clearly distinguishable in the cross section and reached, with several interruptions, from x = 1.60 to 8m. The finds associated with Wall II form Complexes 9, 12, 26 and 28 (Fig. 4; Pl. 16:1-12). Complex 28 consists of the finds collected among the stones of the rampart. Complex 26 comprises the finds collected primarily around the stones of the corridor at x = 1.50m. Most of the finds from the cultural layer form Complex 12. 46 Svoljšak 1994, 95. 47 Svoljšak 1994, 95. 48 Svoljšak 1994, 95, App. 18. 24 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS izkopane med x = 4 m do 8 m.50 Gre tako za najdbe iz zaplat hišnega ometa k zidu II kot tudi najdbe iz kulturne plasti k zidu III. ZID III Najmlajši halštatski zid je bil v sondi 16A zelo skromno ohranjen (pril. 3).51 V profilu je bil dokumentiran le z enim manjšim kamnom na x = -1,20 m. Ob njem se je začenjal droben pas drobirja, ki je ležal nad zidom II in segal vse do x = 1,60 m. Nad kamnitim drobirjem je ležala svetlorjava kulturna plast, ki pa je niti med samim izkopavanjem niti v profilu ni bilo moč jasno ločevati od naslednjih latenskodobnih plasti. Z zidom III lahko povežem komplekse 3, 11, 13 in najverjetneje tudi 8 (sl. 4; t. 17: 6-17). Kompleksa 11 in 13 združujeta najdbe iz ruševinske plasti zidu III med x = -1,80 m do 2 m, pri čemer kompleks 11 vsebuje najdbe iz zgornjega, kompleks 13 pa iz spodnjega dela plasti. V notranjosti sonde je bil opredeljen kompleks 3. Ta vsebuje najdbe iz najmlajše halštatske plasti, predvsem med x = 6,20 m do 8 m. Nekoliko nejasno je opredeljen kompleks 8. Ta naj bi združeval najdbe, ki so bile izkopane v mladohalštatski plasti med x = 3,50 m do 6 m, to je med najdbnimi kompleksi 9, 6 in 3. Najdbe iz vrhnjega dela mladohalštatske kulturne plasti, ki se po svoji konsistenci in barvi ne razlikuje od latenskodobnih plasti, vsebujeta kompleksa 2 in 5 (sl. 4; t. 17:18-21; 18:1-15). Prvi združuje najdbe, ki so bile izkopane okoli x = 6 m, kompleks 5 pa je bil opredeljen med x = -1,30 m do 4 m. Kompleksa 2 in 5 torej združujeta tako najdbe, ki sodijo še k najmlajšemu halštatskemu zidu III kot tudi latenskodobne najdbe. LATENSKE PLASTI Z latenskim obdobjem povezujem kompleksa 1 in 4 (sl. 4; 1.18:16-19). Oba obsegata najdbe iz celotne notranjosti sonde 16A, pri čemer so v kompleks 4 združene najdbe iz spodnjega dela latenskodobne plasti. Kompleks 1 poleg najdb iz vrhnjega dela latenskodobne plasti vsebuje tudi del najdb iz humusa. Izpuščene so najdbe, pobrane pri čiščenju profilov, ki so bile vse združene v kompleks imenovan "profil". Ker posameznih najdb ne moremo več povezati s podrobnejšimi podatki o njihovi legi v profilu, jih obravnavam kot neopredeljive. Between x = 1.50 and 6m, this complex was not clearly defined and is thus related to Complex 9 determined above it. Complex 9 primarily consists of the finds recovered from the patches of burnt loam between x = 3.50 and 6m.49 The finds from the layer associated both with Wall II and Wall III form Complexes 6 and 10 (Fig. 4; Pls. 16: 13-18; 17: 1-5). The latter comprises the finds unearthed above those of Complex 12 and between x = 1.50 and 4m; i.e. from the cultural layer associated with Wall II and from the cultural layer associated with Wall III. Complex 6 primarily consists of the finds excavated between x = 4 and 8m,50 i.e. from the patches of daub associated with Wall II and the finds from the cultural layer associated with Wall III. WALL III The part of the last Hallstatt rampart investigated in Trench 16A was very poorly preserved (App. 3).51 In cross section, a single small stone was documented at x = -1.20m. Beside it began a thin strip of small stone rubble, lying above Wall II and reaching to x = 1.60m. The strip was overlain by a light brown cultural layer, associated with Wall III, which was poorly distinguishable, either in colour or consistency, from the subsequent La Tene layer both during excavation and in the cross section drawn later. Wall III can be brought in relation to Complexes 3, 11, 13 and probably also 8 (Fig. 4; Pl. 17:6-17). Complexes 11 and 13 comprise the finds from the debris layer of Wall III between x = -1.80 and 2m, with Complex 11 containing finds from the upper and Complex 13 from the lower part of the said layer. Complex 3 contains finds from the interior part of the trench, i.e. finds from the last Hallstatt cultural layer documented primarily between x = 6.20 and 8m. As for Complex 8, it is somewhat vaguely defined and presumably consists of the finds form the Late Hallstatt layer between x = 3.50 and 6m, i.e. between Complexes 9, 6 and 3. The finds from the upper part of the Late Hallstatt cultural layer, which are not clearly distinguishable from the La Tene layer, form Complexes 2 and 5 (Fig. 4; Pls. 17:18-21; 18:1-15). The former contains the finds excavated roughly at x = 6m, the latter those found between x = -1.30 and 4m. The complexes thus comprise both the finds associated with Wall III and those attributed to the La Tene period. 50 H kompleksu 6 je bil pridan tudi del najdb izkopanih nad kompleksom 26 med x = 1 m do 1,50 m. 51 Svoljšak 1994, 98. 49 Complex 9 also includes several finds recovered between two patches of daub at x = 7m, for example the jar 7016A/009-016 (Pl. 16: 5). 50 Complex 6 also includes part of the finds excavated above Complex 26 between x = 1 and 1.50m. 51 Svoljsak 1994, 99. 25 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS kompleks/Complex sonda/Trench 16 B s./Trench16A zid/Wall 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 tlak 30 31 32 33 tlak/Paving 3 O • • • Lt tlak/Paving 2 O O • • • • O • • tlak/Paving 1 • • III • II • 1 • • • • • • Sl. 5: Korelacijska tabela zidov stiškega naselja in kompleksov iz sonde 16B ter kompleksov iz zunanjega dela sonde 16A. Fig. 5: Correlation table of the defensive walls and the complexes of finds from Trench 16B and from the exterior part of Trench 16A. SONDA 16B Z izkopom sonde 16B52 je bilo dobro raziskano zunanje pobočje jugozahodnega dela stiškega obzidja. Tega lahko delimo na t. i. nasipni in tlakovani del (pril. 4). NASIP K ZIDU I Na tanko sivo plast prvotne hodne površine, ki prekriva sterilno zelenkasto ilovico in so ji lahko sledili do x = -9,50 m, je bila ob izgradnji zidu I nasuta sve-tlorjava plast kompaktne ilovice (pril. 4).53 Prvi nasip je najverjetneje zamejevala neporavnana vrsta kamnov, postavljenih na sivo plast prve hodne površine nekje pri x = -5,80 m.54 Izkopavalec je sicer zapisal, da je nasip segal čez omenjeno vrsto kamnov,55 vendar pa v terenski dokumentaciji večkrat zasledimo, da se prvi nasip ni dal ločevati od drugega. Ker se je slednji zaključil ob vrsti kamnov, to predpostavljam tudi za prvi nasip. Najdbe iz prvega nasipa vsebujejo kompleksi 31, 32 in 33 iz sonde 16A (sl. 5; 1.19:1-3). Kompleks 33 vsebuje najdbe iz spodnjega dela nasipa, tik nad plastjo nekdanje hodne površine od x = -4 m do vrste kamnov pri okoli x = -6 m. Nad kompleksom 33 je bil med x = -3 m do -6 m opredeljen kompleks 32, najdbe iz vrhnjega dela prvega nasipa pa vsebuje kompleks 31. NASIP K ZIDU II Z izgradnjo zidu II je povezan drugi nasip. Tega v profilih ni bilo moč povsem jasno oddeliti od prvega nasipa, segal pa je vse do x = -12,50 m do -13,15 m.56 Tu je bil zamejen z vrsto kamnov, postavljenih na sterilno zelenkasto ilovico (pril. 4). Sestavni del zidu II predstavlja tudi stojka ob zunanji fronti zidu, ki je bila 52 Glej op. 40. 53 Svoljšak 1994, 88 54 Svoljšak 1994, pril. 18. 55 Svoljšak 1994, 88. 56 Svoljšak 1994, 96. LA TENE LAYER The finds attributed to the La Tene period form Complexes 1 and 4 (Fig. 4; Pl. 18:16-19). They contain the finds from across the interior part of Trench 16A. More precisely, Complex 4 comprises the finds from the lower part and Complex 1 those from the upper part of the La Tene layer and part of the finds from the topsoil. The finds excluded from the discussion are those of the complex named 'profil, collected while cleaning the cross section. They are without precise data as to their position in the cross section and are thus treated as undeterminable. TRENCH 16B Trench 16B52 was aimed at investigating the southwestern slope outside the rampart. The trench revealed an earthwork and a paved area (App. 4). EARTHWORK ASSOCIATED WITH WALL I The thin grey layer of the ground surface that covered the sterile greenish loam and could be traced to x = -9.50m was overlain by a light brown layer of compact loam during the construction of Wall I (App. 4).53 This first earthwork was most probably ended at an irregular row of stones set onto the ground surface roughly at x = -5.80m.54 The excavator noted that the earthwork reached over the row of stones,55 while the field documentation reveals in several places that the first earthwork could not be distinguished from the second one. Knowing that the second earthwork certainly ended at the row of stones, we presume the same for the first one. The finds from the earthwork associated with Wall I form Complexes 31, 32 and 33 from Trench 16A (Fig. 5; Pl. 19:1-3). Complex 33 contains the finds from the lower part of the earthwork, just above the ground sur- 52 See Fn. 40. 53 Svoljsak 1994, 89. 54 Svoljsak 1994, App. 18. 55 Svoljsak 1994, 89. 26 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS vkopana v prvi nasip pri x = -3,60 m do -4,05 m in y = 11,90 m do 12,30 m.57 Najdbe iz drugega nasipa vsebujejo kompleksi 2, 3 in 4 (sl. 5; t. 19: 5, 6).58 Kompleks 2 je bil opredeljen v vrhnjem delu nasipa med x = -6 m do -13 m, kompleks 3 pa vsebuje najdbe iz spodnjega dela nasipa v tem delu sonde 16B. Kompleks 4 vsebuje najdbe iz grušča pred vrsto kamnov ob koncu drugega nasipa pri x = -13 m. Kompleks 30 iz sonde 16A vsebuje najdbe, izkopane okoli stojke za zunanji opornik zidu II, ki pa so združene z najdbami iz ruševin zidu III na pobočju (sl. 5; t. 19: 4). LATENSKE PLASTI Že v latenskem obdobju so del zunanjega pobočja tlakovali s kamnito prevleko. Gre za t. i. tlakovani del, ki so ga sestavljali trije tlaki. Tlak 1 je bil sestavljen iz plasti drobirja, debele do 0,80 m. Pravzaprav gre za ruševinsko plast zadnje halštatske faze, s katero so zapolnili jarek med živimi skalami nekje med x = -16 m in -18 m (pril. 4). Nad njim je ležal iz večjih kamnov sestavljen tlak 2. Ta je bil od tlaka 1 ločen s težko ločljivo tanko temnorjavo zemljeno plastjo, ki v profilu ni bila vidna. Drugemu tlaku so lahko sledili vse od x = -16 m do -31,60 m. Od tlaka 3 je bilo v profilu ohranjenih le nekaj kamnov in sicer pri x = -20,50 m do -22,50 m. Tudi tlak 3 je bil od pod njim ležečega tlaka 2 ločen s tanko zemljeno plastjo.59 S prvim tlakom povezujem kompleksa 9 in 10 (sl. 5; t. 19: 7-9). Kompleks 10 vsebuje najdbe iz spodnjega dela ruševinske plasti, ki tvori tlak 1 predvsem med x = -16 m do -18 m. Najdbe iz zgornjega dela tlaka 1 so združene v kompleks 9. Najdbe iz tlaka 2 vsebujejo kompleksi 8, 13, 18 in 15 (sl. 5). Kompleks 8 je bil opredeljen med x = -16 m do -20 m, kompleks 13 pa med x = -18 m do -24 m. Na kompleks 13 se navezujeta še kompleksa 18 in 15. Prvi je bil opredeljen med x = -23 m do -26 m. Deloma leži nad njim kompleks 15, ki vsebuje najdbe iz tlaka 2 med x = -23 m do -31,60 m. Z drugim tlakom lahko najverjetneje povežem tudi komplekse 7, 16 in 6 (sl. 5; t. 19: 10-13). Prvi vsebuje najdbe, ki so bile izkopane v zemljeni plasti z razmeroma redkim gruščem pred samim strnjenim kamnitim tlakom med x = -14 m do -16 m, kompleks 16 pa vsebuje 57 Svoljšak 1994, pril. 18. 58 Najverjetneje lahko z zidom II povežem tudi najdbe iz kompleksa "profil". Gre za najdbe, ki so bile pobrane iz nasipa pri čiščenju profila med x = -6 m do -12 m. Glede na najdiščne podatke gre z nasipom k zidu II povezovati tudi kompleks "nasip", ki pa ni vseboval opredeljivih in s tem oštevilčenih ter v nadaljevanju obravnavanih fragmentov keramike. 59 Svoljšak 1994, 98. face between x = -4m and the row of stones roughly at x = -6m. The finds recovered above those form Complex 33 and those between x = -3 and -6m form Complex 32. Complex 31 consists of the finds from the upper part of the first earthwork. EARTHWORK ASSOCIATED WITH WALL II The second earthwork is associated with the construction of Wall II. It reached from x = -12.50 to -13.15m and is not clearly distinguishable from the first one in cross sections.56 At x = -13.15m, it ended at a row of stones set onto the sterile greenish loam (App. 4). Also associated with Wall II is a post hole beside the exterior face of the wall and cut into the first earthwork between x = -3.60 and -4.05m, y = 11.90 and 12.30m.57 The finds from the earthwork associated with Wall II form Complexes 2, 3 and 4 (Fig. 5; Pl. 19:5, 6).58 Complex 2 comprises the finds from the upper part of the deposit between x = -6 and -13m. Complex 3 contains the finds from the lower part of the earthwork in the same part of Trench 16B. Complex 4 consists of the finds from the stone rubble in front of the row of stones at x = -13m. Complex 30 from Trench 16A contains the finds recovered around the hole for a post of the exterior timber lacing of Wall III, but also the finds from the debris of this wall recovered on the slope (Fig. 5; Pl. 19: 4). LA T£NE LAYERS In the La Tene period, part of the exterior slope was paved with stones. The paved area revealed three layers. Paving 1 consisted of an up to 0.80m thick layer of small pieces of stone, which is actually the debris from the last Hallstatt phase used to fill a depression in the bedrock roughly between x = -16 and -18m (App. 4). Above this layer and separated from it by a thin layer of dark brown earth, poorly distinguishable during excavation and not at all visible in the cross section, was Paving 2 composed of large stones. Paving 2 could be traced from x = -16 to -31.60m. Paving 3 only survived as a few stones in the cross section, documented between x = -20.50 and -22.50m. It, too, was separated from Paving 2 by a thin layer of earth.59 56 Svoljsak 1994, 95. 57 Svoljsak 1994, App. 18. 58 Finds most probably also associated with Wall II are those included in the 'profil' complex; they were collected from the second earthwork while cleaning the cross section between x = -6 and -12m. Considering the find data, the 'nasip' complex may also be related to Wall II. This complex, however, does not contain determinable pottery fragments and is thus not treated below. 59 Svoljsak 1994, 99. 27 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS najdbe, pobrane pred živo skalo pri x = -22 m. Kompleks 6 združuje tako najdbe iz plasti nad samim tlakom kot tudi najdbe iz humusa med x = -16 m do -20 m. Najdbe tako iz tlaka 2 kot tudi že iz tretjega tlaka vsebujeta kompleks 14 in kompleks "tlak" (sl. 5). Prvi združuje najdbe iz grušča med x = -18 m do -20,50 m, drugi pa med x = -20,50 m do -29 m. Najdbe iz tlaka 3 vsebuje kompleks 12, ki je bil opredeljen med x = -19 m do -22 m. Med x = -18 m do -29 m je bil opredeljen še kompleks 11 (sl. 5; t. 19: 14,15). Ta združuje tako najdbe, ki so bile izkopane nad tlakom 3, kot tudi najdbe iz humusa. Najdbni kompleksi 1, 5 in 17 iz sonde 16B so obravnavani kot neopredeljivi in zato izpuščeni. Kompleksa 1 in 5 namreč združujeta nestratificiran material iz humusa; vse najdbe, pobrane pri čiščenju profilov pa so bile združene v kompleks 17 (t. 19:16, 17). SONDA 14 Z izkopavanjem sonde 14 je bil raziskan notranji predel tik ob obzidju. Odkriti so bili ostanki temeljnih kamnov zidu hodnika za zidom I in zidom II (pril. 5).60 ZID I Nad rumeno marmorizirano ilovnato mrtvico in skalnato osnovo je ležala zelenkasta ilovnata plast. To je plast nekdanje površine (pril. 5), ki je v vrhnjem delu prehajala v sivkasto prvo kulturno plast.61 Čeprav je bila ta plast tanka in je bila ob večji živi skali na x = 3,50 m prekinjena, ji je bilo moč slediti vse do x = 9. Okoli x = 3,50 m se je začel vkop za vrsto kamnov, ki so zamejevali hodnik za obzidjem.62 Kamni hodnika so bili postavljeni na pas grušča, ki med x = 0 m do 2 m ločuje najstarejšo kulturno plast od nanesenih ruševinskih plasti (plast b) prve bivanjske stopnje.63 Gre za vsaj dve ruševinski plasti, ki sta ju od najstarejše kulturne plasti in med seboj ločevali lečasti plasti rumene izravnalne ilovice. Vrhnji del nanesenih ruševinskih plasti prve bivanjske stopnje je segal vse nad kamne hodnika do približno x = 3 m. Tu se je zopet pojavil drobir, ki kot v sondah 17 in 16 lahko kaže na obnovo ali popravilo zidu I. V tej ruševinski plasti (plast c) so se pojavljale tudi zaplate ožganega glinastega ometa, kot pri x = 0,80 m do 1,50 m, ki jih povezujemo z mlajšo oziroma zaključno stopnjo poselitve za zidom I.64 60 Svoljšak 1994, sl. 89, pril. 12 in 17. 61 Svoljšak 1994, 86. 62 Svoljšak 1994, 92, sl. 70 in 71, pril. 12 in 17. 63 Svoljšak 1994, 92. 64 Svoljšak 1994, 90, op. 4. The finds from Paving 1 form Complexes 9 and 10 (Fig. 5; Pl. 19:7-9). The latter contains the finds from the lower part, primarily between x = -16 and -18m. The finds from the upper part form Complex 9. The finds from Paving 2 form Complexes 8, 13, 18 and 15 (Fig. 5). Complex 8 consists of the finds recovered between x = -16 and -20m. Complex 13 consists of those found between x = -18 and -24m, and is connected with Complexes 18 and 15; the former contains the finds recovered between x = -23 and -26m, the latter comprises the finds partly recovered above those of Complex 15, from Paving 2 between x = -23 and -31.60m. The finds of Complexes 7, 16 and 6 can most probably also be associated with Paving 2 (Fig. 5; Pl. 19: 10-13). Complex 7 contains the finds excavated in the layer of earth mixed with a small amount of stone rubble in front of the densely arranged stones of the paving between x = -14 and -16m. Complex 16 consists of the finds collected in front of the bedrock at x = -22m. Complex 6 comprises the finds from the layer above the paving and those collected in the topsoil between x = -16 and -20m. Complex 14 and the 'tlak' complex contain the finds from Paving 2 and some also from Paving 3 (Fig. 5). More precisely, Complex 14 contains the finds from the stone rubble between x = -18 and -20.50m, while the 'tlak' complex consists of the finds recovered between x = -20.50 and -29m. The finds from Paving 3 recovered between x = -19 and -22m form Complex 12. The finds excavated above Paving 3 and in the topsoil between x = -18 and -29m form Complex 11 (Fig. 5; Pl. 19:14, 15). The finds excluded from the discussion are those of Complexes 1, 5 and 17 from Trench 16B; Complexes 1 and 5 comprise unstratified finds from the topsoil, while Complex 17 (Pl. 19: 16, 17) consists of the finds collected while cleaning the cross section.. TRENCH 14 Trench 14 examined the interior of the hillfort at the rampart that did not include the defensive walls and only revealed the remains of the foundations of the wall delimiting the corridor behind Walls I and II (App. 5).60 WALL I The bedrock and the yellow marmorised loam were covered by a layer of greenish loam that represents a ground surface (App. 5). The upper part of this loam showed a gradual transition into the greyish first cultural layer or Layer a,61 which was thin and interrupted by a 60 Svoljsak 1994, Fig. 89, Apps. 12 and 17. 61 Svoljsak 1994, 87. 28 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS kompleks / Complex zid/Wall 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Lt • • • • III • • • • • • • O II • • • • • • • med / Between 1 - II • • • • • plast/Layer c • • • • • • • 1 plast/Layer b • • • • • • plast/Layer a • • • • • • • Sl. 6: Korelacijska tabela zidov stiškega naselja in kompleksov sonde 14. Fig. 6: Correlation table of the defensive walls and the complexes of finds from Trench 14. Plasti za zidom I je prekrivala izravnalna plast rumene ilovice (pril. 5),65 ki so ji lahko sledili vse do x = 9 m. Najdbe iz plasti za zidom I vsebujejo kompleksi 20 do 27 in 18. Pri tem lahko s plastjo a za zidom I povežem komplekse 18, 22, 27 in 26 (sl. 6; t. 20: 1-6). Ti vsebujejo najdbe iz plasti nekdanje površine in prve kulturne plasti; kompleks 27 pri x = 0,50 m do 2,25 m, kompleks 22 med x = 3,20 m in 6 m, kompleks 18 pa deloma nad kompleksom 22 pri x = 4 m do 6 m. Najdbe iz najstarejše kulturne plasti med x = 0,50 m in 2 m vsebuje kompleks 26. Osrednji del plasti za zidom I predstavlja v vkop za kamni hodnika nanesena ruševinska plast b. Najdbe iz te plasti vsebuje predvsem kompleks 24. Ta je bil opredeljen med x = 0,50 in 2,50 m ter je povezan s kompleksoma 25 in 23. Prvi namreč vsebuje najdbe iz spodnje leče izravnalne ilovice med x = 0,50 in 1,80 m, drugi pa združuje tako najdbe iz druge leče izravnalne ilovice kot tudi iz vrhnjega dela ruševinske plasti pri x = 0,50 m do 1,80 m. Kompleksi 24, 25 in 23 (sl. 6: t. 20: 7-12) tako izhajajo iz plasti b za zidom I. Z najmlajšo plastjo ali plastjo c za zidom I povezujem kompleksa 21 in 20 (sl. 6; t. 20:13-16; 21:1-13). Oba sta iz vrhnjega dela ruševinske plasti, kjer se pojavljajo zaplate ožgane gline. Prvi tako zajema najdbe, izkopane med x = 1 in 4 m, najdbe, izkopane nad kamni hodnika za zidom pri približno x = 2 m do 3,50 m, pa so zbrane v kompleks 20.66 K najdbam iz vrhnjega dela plasti za zidom I sodi tudi večina najdb iz kompleksa 14. Ta je bil opredeljen med x = 2 m do 6 m in združuje tako najdbe iz najstarejše kulturne plasti kot tudi najdbe iz ruševinske plasti in izravnalne ilovice nad njima. Najdbe iz vrhnjega dela ruševinske plasti vsebuje kompleks 19, ki je bil opredeljen tako, da obsega predvsem najdbe iz plasti izravnalne ilovice med x = 0,50 m 65 Svoljšak 1994, 92. 66 Glede na najdiščne podatke sodi k najdbam iz kompleksa 20 tudi dno lonca, hranjenega pod oznako 6914/B (t. 20:16). Kljub drugačni identifikacijski številki, je dno lonca v nadaljevanju obravnavano v okviru tega kompleksa. peak of the bedrock at x = 3.50m. It was traced to x = 9. Around 3.50m a cut began that contained a row of stones delimiting the corridor behind the rampart.62 The stones were set onto a strip of stone rubble that, between x = 0 and 2m, divided the earliest cultural layer from the debris layers deposited there during the first habitation phase.63 There were at least two debris layers (Layer b), divided one from the other, but also from the earliest cultural Layer a by two lenticular layers of yellow loamy levelling. The upper part of the debris layers of the first habitation phase reached over the stones of the corridor to roughly x = 3m. Here, small pieces of stone appeared, which may indicate either a renovation or repair of Wall I, similarly as in Trenches 17 and 16. This debris layer (Layer c) also revealed patches of burnt clay and daub between x = 0.80 and 1.50m, which are related to the late or final habitation phase associated with Wall I.64 The layers behind Wall I were covered by a yellow loamy levelling (App. 5),65 which was traced to x = 9m. The finds from the layers associated with Wall I form Complexes 20-27 and 18. Those from Layer a form Complexes 18, 22, 27 and 26 (Fig. 6; Pl. 20:1-6). They comprise the finds from the ground surface and the first cultural layer; Complex 27 those recovered between x = 0.50 and 2.25m, Complex 22 those between x = 3.20 and 6m, Complex 18 those partly above Complex 22 and between x = 4 and 6m, while Complex 26 contains the finds from Layer a between x = 0.50 and 2m. The middle part of the layers behind Wall I is formed by the debris named here Layer b that filled the cut for the stones of the corridor. Most finds from Layer b form Complex 24, which was defined between x = 0.50 and 2.50m and is connected with Complexes 25 and 23. The former contains the finds from the lower lens of loamy levelling between x = 0.50 and 1.80m, while the latter contains both the finds from the upper lens of loamy levelling and those from the upper part of Layer 62 Svoljsak 1994, 89, Figs. 70 and 71, Apps. 12 and 17. 63 Svoljsak 1994, 91. 64 Svoljsak 1994, 91, Fn. 4. 65 Svoljsak 1994, 95. 29 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS in 3 m. Kompleks 19 (sl. 6, t. 22) tako združuje najdbe iz plasti c za zidom I kot tudi tiste, ki so iz plasti med zidom I in II. Prav tako vsebuje najdbe iz plasti izravnalne ilovice kompleks 17 (sl. 6, t. 23: 1-8). Ta je bil opredeljen med x = 0,50 m do 4 m in poleg omenjenih vsebuje še najdbe iz prve kulturne plasti za zidom I kot tudi najdbe iz vrhnje izravnalne ilovice, ki jo že povezujem z zidom II. Deloma vsebujeta najdbe iz plasti za zidom I še kompleksa 10 in 8 (sl. 6; t. 21:14). Prvi je bil opredeljen med x = 6 m do 9 m in podobno kot kompleks 8, opredeljen med x = 8 m do 10 m, združuje najdbe tako iz prve kot tudi druge kulturne plasti ter izravnalne ilovice med njima. Kompleksa 10 in 8 združujeta torej najdbe iz plasti za zidom I s tistimi iz kulturne plasti za zidom II. MED ZIDOM I IN II Na izravnalni rumeni ilovici je bila tudi v sondi 14 odkrita skromnejša ostalina zoglenele lesene konstrukcije, ki je na profilu razpoznavna kot plast ožgane ilovice med x = 0,50 m do 1,60 m (pril. 5).67 Najdbe iz žganinske plasti, ostankov kratkotrajne lesene konstrukcije, ki je bila v uporabi po opustitvi zidu I in pred izgradnjo zidu II, vsebuje kompleks 16 (sl. 6; t. 21:15, 16). ZID II Ostanke lesene konstrukcije med zidovoma I in II prekriva nova izravnalna ilovica, ki pa je od x = 2 m pa vse do x = 3 m ni bilo moč jasno ločevati od izravnalne ilovice, ki je prekrivala plasti za zidom I. Na samem začetku izkopnega polja sonde pri x = 0,50 m so bili na izravnalno ilovico postavljeni kamni hodnika za zidom II, ki se niso nadaljevali v profil.68 V profilu je bila plast izravnalne ilovice nad plastmi za zidom I in II pri x = 3 m prekinjena z mlajšim vkopom. Vse od tega vkopa pa do x = 9 m je izravnalno ilovico prekrivala druga, to je kulturna plast ob zidu II, ki so jo mestoma prekrivale zaplate izravnalne ilovice kot sta bili dokumentirani v profilu pri x = 5 m do 6,50 m in x = 8,20 m do 9 m (pril. 5). Od x = 9 m pa do konca izkopa pri x = 12 m druga kulturna plast ni bila več ohranjena. Z zidom II lahko povežem kompleksa 15 in 13 (sl. 6; t. 23: 9, 10). Prvi vsebuje najdbe, ki so bile izkopane v plasti izravnalne ilovice nad žganinsko plastjo med zidovoma I in II pri x = 0,50 m do 2 m, kompleks 13 pa je bil opredeljen med x = 4 m do 5,50 m in vsebuje najdbe iz druge kulturne plasti. 67 Svoljšak 1994, 92. 68 Svoljšak 1994, 96, pril. 12 in 17. b between x = 0.50 and 1.80m. Complexes 24, 25 and 23 thus all contain finds from Layer b (Fig. 6: Pl. 20: 7-12). The last, i.e. Layer c behind Wall I yielded Complexes 21 and 20 (Fig. 6; Pls. 20:13-16; 21:1-13). Both contain the finds from the upper debris layer where patches of burnt clay appeared; Complex 21 contains the finds excavated between x = 1 and 4m, Complex 20 those excavated above the stones of the corridor roughly b etween x = 2 and 3.50m.66 Most of the finds from Complex 14 also originate from Layer c. This complex was defined between x = 2 and 6m and thus also consists of the finds from Layer a, those from the debris layers and the levelling loam, i.e. Layer b, above it. The finds from the upper part of the debris layer are also included into Complex 19, which was determined so as to consist primarily of the finds from the loamy levelling between x = 0.50 and 3m; Complex 19 thus comprises the finds from Layer c and those from the layers between Walls I and II (Fig. 6, Pl. 22). The finds from the loamy levelling are also included in Complex 17, which was determined between x = 0.50 and 4m, containing also the finds from the first cultural layer behind Wall I and the finds from the upper loamy levelling, which I associate with Wall II (Fig. 6, Pl. 23:1-8). Part of the finds from the layers behind Wall I is also included in Complexes 10 and 8 (Fig. 6; Pl. 21:14). The former was determined between x = 6 and 9m, the latter between x = 8 and 10m. They consist of the finds from the Layer a associated with Wall I, the upper levelling loam and from the cultural layer associated with Rampart II. BETWEEN WALLS I AND II In Trench 14 as well, scarce remains of a charred wooden construction were documented on top of the yellow loam levelling. The remains appear in the cross section as a layer of burnt loam between x = 0.50 and 1.60m (App. 5).67 The finds from this layer of burnt material, i.e. the remains of a wooden structure used for a brief period of time after Wall I had been abandoned and before the construction of Wall II, form Complex 16 (Fig. 6; Pl. 21:15, 16). WALL II The remains of the wooden construction between Walls I and II is covered by a new loamy levelling, which 66 The jar marked as 6914/B (Pl. 20: 16) is included into Complex 20 on the basis of context data in the field documentation dispite the identification number suggesting it came from Trench 14. 67 Svoljsak 1994, 93. 30 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS Deloma vsebuje najdbe iz plasti izravnalne ilovice nad ostanki lesene konstrukcije med zidovoma I in 11 kompleks 12 (sl. 6; t. 24: 1-6). Ta je bil opredeljen med x = 0,50 m do 6 m in vsebuje tudi najdbe iz druge kulturne plasti ter plasti nad njo. Zaradi premešanosti najdb iz plasti za zidom II z mlajšimi moramo kompleks 12 povezovati tako z zidom II kot tudi III. Z zidovoma II in III povezujem tudi najdbe iz kompleksa 5 (sl. 6; t. 23: 11, 12). Ta je bil opredeljen med x = 9 m do 12 m in vsebuje najdbe iz vrhnjega dela splanirane plasti nekdanje površine ter plasti nad njo. ZID III Med x = 0,50 m in x = 1,50 m se je nad izravnalno ilovico za zidom II v spodnjem delu rjave zemljene plasti pojavljalo več grušča. Tega gre povezovati z zidom III, ki v sondi tako kot tudi zidova I in II ni bil raziskovan. Pri x = 1,50 m se je nad izravnalno ilovico za zidom II začela tanka žganina, ki jo je prekrivala nova tanka plast izravnalne ilovice. Obema so lahko sledili vse do x = 5 m, pri čemer je obe v profilu okoli x = 3 m presekal mlajši vkop (pril. 5).69 Pri x = 3 m do 5 m je bila med drugo kulturno plastjo in žganino ter izravnalno plastjo še rjava zemljena plast. Gre za kulturno plast za zidom III, ki je od x = 5 m pa do konca izkopa niso mogli več ločevati od mlajših, latenskih plasti (pril. 5). Z zidom III povezujem komplekse 7, 11 in 9 (sl. 6; t. 24: 7-10). Slednji je bil opredeljen med x = 6 m do 8 m in vsebuje najdbe iz rjave zemljene plasti nad drugo kulturno plastjo. Najdbe iz te rjave zemljene plasti vsebuje tudi kompleks 7, ki je bil opredeljen med x = 0,50 m do 4 m. Kompleks 7 tako vsebuje tudi najdbe iz žganine ter izravnalne ilovice nad njo, ki so bile izkopane med x = 0,50 m do 4 m. Najdbe iz žganine in izravnalne ilovice nad njo vsebuje še kompleks 11, ki je bil opredeljen pri x = 4 m do 5 m. Glede na skromne najdiščne podatke, ki kažejo, da gre morda celo za takšne najdbe kot so tiste, ki so združene v kompleks 7, je z zidom III najverjetneje povezan tudi kompleks 28 (sl. 6, t. 25:1-4). Kompleksa 3 in 6 (sl. 6; t. 24:11-21) vsebujeta najdbe iz rjave zemljene plasti. Kompleks 3 je bil opredeljen pri x = 6 m do 12 m, kompleks 6 pa med x = 6 m in 0,50 m. Ker rjave zemljene plasti v celotnem izkopnem polju ni bilo mogoče ločevati od mlajših, latenskih plasti, vsebujeta kompleksa tako najdbe iz plasti, povezane z najmlajšim halštatskim zidom, kot tudi mlajše. could not be clearly distinguished between x = 2 and x = 3m from the loamy levelling that covered the layers behind Wall I. At the very beginning of Trench 14 at x = 0.50m, the stones of the corridor behind Wall II were set onto the loamy levelling and did not continue into the cross section.68 In the cross section, the loamy levelling was interrupted at x = 3m with a later cut. From this cut to x = 9m, the loamy levelling was covered by the cultural layer associated with Wall II, which was at places covered by patches of loamy levelling, such as those documented in the cross section from x = 5 to 6.50m and from x = 8.20 to 9m (App. 5). From x = 9m to the end of the trench at x = 12m, the second cultural layer did not survive. The finds associated with Wall II form Complexes 15 and 13 (Fig. 6; Pl. 23: 9,10). The former contains the finds recovered from the loamy levelling between x = 0.50 and 2m, the latter the finds from the second cultural layer recovered between x = 4 and 5.50m. Part of the finds from the loamy levelling also forms Complex 12 (Fig. 6; Pl. 24: 1-6). It was determined between x = 0.50 and 6m and also includes the finds from the second cultural layer and the layer above it. Because the finds from the layer associated with Wall II were mixed with later ones, we can relate the finds of Complex 12 both with Wall II and Wall III. The same can be said of Complex 5 (Fig. 6; Pl. 23:11,12), determined between x = 9 and 12m and containing the finds from the upper part of the levelled layer of the ground surface associated with Wall II and the layer above it. WALL III Above the loamy levelling associated with Wall II, excavations revealed a layer of brown earth, the lower part of which revealed a considerable amount of stone rubble between x = 0.50 and 1.50m. The latter can be brought into connection with Wall III. At x = 1.50m, the loamy levelling was covered by a thin layer of burnt material, which was again covered by a thin loamy levelling. The layers of burnt material and of the upper levelling loam were traced to x = 5m, interrupted in the cross section by a later cut roughly at x = 3m (App. 5).69 From x = 3 and 5m, the brown earthen layer was documented between the second cultural layer, associated with Wall II, on the one side, and the layer of burnt material and the levelling layer, on the other. This is a cultural layer associated with Wall III that could not be distinguished from the later, La Tene layer from x = 5m to the end of the trench (App. 5). The finds associated with Wall III form Complexes 7, 11 and 9 (Fig. 6; Pl. 24: 7-10). Complex 9 was deter- 68 Svoljsak 1994, 95, Apps. 12 and 17. 69 Svoljsak 1994, 99. 69 Svoljšak 1994, 98 31 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS LATENSKE PLASTI Z latenskim obdobjem lahko povežemo vkop pri x = 3 m, ki je presekal plasti iz časa najmlajšega halštatske-ga zidu. Vkop je zapolnjevala rjava zemljena plast, ki je bila v celotnem izkopnem polju odkrita pod humusom in so jo le deloma lahko ločevali od halštatskih plasti (pril. 5).70 Rjava zemljena plast je zapolnjevala tudi latenski vkop pri x = 7,50 m do 7,90 m, ki v profilu ni viden, saj je ležal pri y = 8,60 m do 8,90 m. Najdbe iz latenskodobnih plasti vsebujeta kompleksa 2 in 4 (sl. 6; t. 25:5-17). Prvi namreč vsebuje najdbe iz vrhnjega dela rjave zemljene plasti, kompleks 4 pa iz latenskega vkopa pri x = 7,50 m do 7,90 m. Kompleks 29 je izpuščen, ker iz celotne dokumentacije ni razvidno ali je ta sploh bil opredeljen, niti ni nobenih najdb z oznako kompleks 29. Izpuščene so tudi neopredeljive najdbe iz humusa in profilov, zbrane v kompleksa 1 in 30 (t. 25:18, 19). SONDA 7 Z izkopavanjem sonde 7 je bil raziskan notranji predel stiškega naselja tik ob obzidju, saj izkopno polje samega obzidja gradišča ni zajelo. Kot v sondi 14 so bili z izkopavanjem odkriti temeljni kamni kamnitega zidu hodnikov za zidovoma I in II (pril. 6).71 ZID I Nad rumeno marmorizirano ilovnato mrtvico je bila med x = 0,20 m do 1,75 m odkrita lečasta plast sivkaste ilovice z ostanki žganine, nad njo pa plast zelenkaste ilovice (pril. 6). Slednjo je pri x = 4 m do 0 m prekrivala siva kulturna plast, v kateri je bila med x = 3 m in 4 m izkopana vrsta kamnov, ki je zamejevala hodnik za zidom I.72 Kulturno plast je pri x = 0 m do 1,50 m prekrivala zaplata prežgane gline, nad katero se je odložila druga zelenkasta ilovnata plast. Prekrivala jo je svetlorjava kulturna plast, ki so ji lahko sledili vse do x = 4,20 m. V vrhnjem delu svetlor-jave kulturne plasti so bile predvsem pri x = 0,80 m do 2 m odkopane zaplate prežgane gline oziroma požarna ostalina, ki je zaključevala mlajšo stopnjo poselitve k zidu I (pril. 6).73 V notranjosti od vrste kamnov hodnika sta bili v času zidu I izkopani dve jami. Gre za v tlorisu pravokotna vkopa v mrtvico, katerih zasip ni bil homogen (pril. 6).74 70 Svoljšak 1994, 98. 71 Svoljšak 1994, pril. 16. 72 Svoljšak 1994, 92, pril. 16. 73 Svoljšak 1994, 92. 74 Svoljšak 1994, 92. mined between x = 6 and 8m and contains the finds from the brown earthen layer above the second cultural layer. The finds from the earthen layer also form Complex 7, determined between x = 0.50 and 4m. Complex 7 consists of the finds from the layer of burnt material and the levelling layer above it, which were excavated between x = 0.50 and 4m. Some finds from the layers of burnt material and of loamy levelling also form Complex 11, determined between x = 4 and 5m. The scarce find data for Complex 28 (Fig. 6, Pl. 25: 1-4), which even allow for the possibility that its finds are very similar to the ones forming Complex 7, nevertheless indicate that it, too, can very probably be brought into connection with Wall III. The finds from the brown earthen layer also form Complexes 3 and 6 (Fig. 6; Pl. 24: 11-21). Complex 3 was determined between x = 6 and 12m, Complex 6 between x = 6 and 0.50m. Because this layer across the whole of the trench could not be distinguished from the later, La Tene layer, the two complexes may thus also contain La Tene finds. LA TENE LAYER The cut at x = 3m pierced through the layers associated with Wall III and can thus be attributed to the La Tene period. It was filled with the brown earth that was otherwise documented across the whole trench under the topsoil and could only at places be distinguished from earlier Hallstatt layers (App. 5).70 The brown earth also filled the La Tene period cut documented between x = 7.50 and 7.90m, which was not visible in the cross section as it was located between y = 8.60 and 8.90m. The finds from the La Tene layer form Complexes 2 and 4 (Fig. 6; Pl. 25: 5-17). The first comprises the finds from the upper part of the brown earthen layer and the second those from the cut between x = 7.50 and 7.90m. The finds excluded from the discussion are those of Complex 29, because the documentation does not show that it was at all determined and because there are no finds marked as originating from Complex 29, Complexes 1 and 30 (Pl. 25:18, 19), which contain un-stratified and therefore undeterminable finds from the topsoil and from the cross section.. TRENCH 7 Trench 7 examined the interior part of the hillfort at the rampart that did not include the rampart itself. As in Trench 14, excavations unearthed the foundation stones for the wall of the corridor behind Walls I and II (App. 6).71 70 Svoljsak 1994, 99. 71 Svoljsak 1994, App. 16. 32 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS kompleks / Complex zid/Wall 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 82 83 84 85 Lt III • • • • II 1 • • • • • Sl. 7: Korelacijska tabela zidov stiškega naselja in kompleksov sonde 7. Fig. 7: Correlation table of the defensive walls and the complexes of finds from Trench 7. Najdbe iz plasti ob zidu I vsebujejo kompleksi 74 do 76 in 78 (sl. 7; t. 26:1-10). Pri tem so v kompleks 74 združene najdbe iz jame 1, ki je bila izkopana med x = 8,80 m do 10 m, v kompleks 75 pa iz jame 2, ki je bila vkopana med x = 4,40 m in x = 8 m. Kot kompleks 76 so opredeljene najdbe, ki so bile izkopane ob vrsti kamnov pri x = 2,20 m do 4,80 m v sivkasti plasti. Najdbe iz druge plasti zelenkaste ilovice pri x = 0 m do 2,20 m vsebuje kompleks 78. Najdbe tako iz plasti k zidu I kot tudi zidu II vsebujeta kompleksa 77 in 80 (sl. 7; t. 26:11-16). Prvi vsebuje vse najdbe, ki so bile izkopane v najstarejših plasteh med začetkom izkopnega polja in kamni zidu hodnika za zidom II. Deloma vsebuje najdbe iz plasti k zidu II še kompleks 80. Ta združuje predvsem najdbe iz svetlorjave plasti in zaplat ožgane gline ob koncu poselitve k zidu I med x = 0 m in 4,30 m, pri čemer so najdbe od začetka izkopnega polja pa do vrste kamnov hodnika za zidom I opredeljene kot kompleks 80A. ZID II Obe veliki jami in del svetlorjave plasti k zidu I je prekrivala tanka sivkasta plast, ki je bila izkopana vse od x = 10 m do 2 m (pril. 6). Od x = 2 m do začetka izkopnega polja so se na vrhu svetlorjave plasti pojavljale zaplate ožgane gline in žganina, ki glede na primerjavo s sondami 14, 16 in 17 lahko kažejo na ostanke plasti med zidom I in II.75 Zaplate ožgane gline in sivkasto plast je nato prekrivala rumenorjava plast. Od x = 10 m pa vse do približno x = 4,50 m je omenjena plast vsebovala veliko glinastega ometa in kose oglja. Gre za ostanke hiše, ki je bila odkrita z izkopavanji v sondi 3.76 Pri x = 1 m so bili v rumenorjavi plasti v nizu kamni, ki so zamejevali hodnik za zidom II.77 Nad vrsto kamnov so ležali tudi ruševinski ostanki k zidu II.78 75 Svoljšak 1994, 92. 76 Svoljšak 1994, 98; Gabrovec, Frey, Foltiny 1969, 189 ss = isti 1970; Foltiny 1970. 77 Svoljšak 1994, 96, sl. 89. 78 Svoljšak 1994, 98. WALL I The bottom of the trench revealed yellow mar-morised loam. Above it, between x = 0.20 and 1.75m, a lenticular layer of greyish loam with bits ofburnt material was found, covered by a layer of greenish loam (App. 6). The loam was covered by a grey cultural layer between x = 4 and 0m that revealed a row of stones between x = 3 and 4m that delimited the corridor behind Wall I.72 The cultural layer was covered by a patch of burnt clay between x = 0 and 1.50m, above which the second layer of greenish loam was deposited. This was then covered by a light brown cultural layer, which was traced to x = 4.20m. The upper part of the light brown cultural layer revealed, mostly between x = 0.80 and 2m, patches of burnt clay, i.e. the remains of a fire that concluded the late habitation phase associated with Wall I (App. 6).73 From the row of stones towards the interior, two pits (1 and 2) associated with Wall I were dug. They were rectangular in plan and cut into the marmorised loam, while their fills were not homogenous (App. 6).74 The finds from the layers associated with Wall I form Complexes 74-76 and 78 (Fig. 7; Pl. 26:1-10). Complex 74 contains the finds from Pit 1 excavated between x = 8.80 and 10m, Complex 75 those from Pit 2 excavated between x = 4.40 and 8m, Complex 76 those from the greyish layer along the row of stones between x = 2.20 and 4.80m, while Complex 78 consists of the finds excavated in the second layer of greenish loam from x = 0 to 2.20m. The finds from the layers associated both with Wall I and Wall II form Complexes 77 and 80 (Fig. 7; Pl. 26: 11-16). The former consists of the finds excavated in the earliest layers between the beginning of the trench and the stones of the corridor behind Wall II. Part of the finds from the layers associated with Wall II also form Complex 80, mostly consisting of the finds from the light brown layer and the patches of burnt clay attributable to the end of the habitation phase associated with Wall I, excavated between x = 0 and 4.30m. Of those, the finds excavated from the beginning of the trench to the row of the stones delimiting the corridor behind Wall I form Complex 80A. WALL II Both pits and part of the light brown layer associated with Wall I were overlain by a thin greyish layer, excavated from x = 10 to 2m (App. 6). From x = 2m to the beginning of the trench, patches of burnt clay and other material were found on top of the light brown layer. By comparison with Trenches 14, 16 and 17, these may represent the remains of the layers between Walls I and 72 Svoljšak 1994, 93, App. 16. 73 Svoljšak 1994, 93. 74 Svoljšak 1994, 93. 33 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS Z zidom II lahko povežem kompleksa 82 in 83 (sl. 7; t. 27, 28). Prvi vsebuje najdbe iz rumenorjave kulturne plasti, kompleks 83 pa združuje najdbe, ki so bile izkopane ob kamnih hodnika za zidom II. Del najdb ob zidu II vsebuje še kompleks 79 (sl. 7; t. 29:1). Ta je bil opredeljen med x = 0 m in 2 m in združuje najdbe iz ruševin k omenjenemu zidu, predvsem pa najdbe iz svetlorjave plasti nad njimi, ki že sodi k zidu III. ZID III Nad rumenorjavo plastjo in ruševino nad kamni hodnika k zidu II, ki na profilu sicer ni vidna, je bila izkopana svetlorjava plast (pril. 6). Gre za kulturno plast ob zidu III, ki vsebuje številne zaplate ožgane gline in žganine.79 Najdbe iz svetlorjave plasti vsebuje predvsem kompleks 84 (sl. 7; t. 29: 2),80 ki ga tako povezujem z zidom III. Kompleks 85 (sl. 7; t. 29: 3-11) vsebuje tako najdbe iz plasti k najmlajšemu halštatskemu zidu kot tudi latenske najdbe, ki so bile izkopane v temnorjavi plasti in humusu. Kot neopredeljive obravnavam najdbe združene v kompleksu 81, ki je zato na preglednici izpuščen (sl. 7; t. 29: 12-22). Pri njem je bilo namreč že v preteklosti ugotovljeno, da je izgubljen del dokumentacije, same najdbe pa so vsaj deloma pomešane. Glede na ohranjeno dokumentacijo je kompleks 81 združeval najdbe iz zaplat ožgane gline in žganine pod rumenorjavo plastjo k zidu II. BLOK MED SONDAMA 7 IN 14 Ker se je ob izkopavanju sonde 14 porušil del neiz-kopanega bloka med sondama 7 in 14, je bil prostor med obema sondama nato izkopan v celoti. Ob odstranjevanju porušenega dela in nadaljnjem izkopavanju so bile najdbe sicer razvrščene v 14 kompleksov, vendar jih zaradi po-mešanosti vse obravnavam kot neopredeljive (t. 29:23). SONDA 3 Z izkopavanjem sonde 3 je bilo raziskano obzidje in predel tik ob njem v notranjosti stiškega naselja.81 Ob izkopavanju obzidja je bil odkrit zid I, nad katerim je bilo ohranjenih tudi nekaj kamnov zidu II (pril. 7).82 79 Svoljšak 1994, 98. 80 Najdbe iz te plasti, ki so bile izkopane med x = 0 m in 2 m vsebuje tudi kompleks 79. 81 Svoljšak 1994, 86 ss, sl. 89. 82 Na prvotno objavljenem profilu (Svoljšak 1994, pril. 11) so globine napačno označene in bi morale biti za 1 m II.75 Both the patches of burnt clay and the greyish layer were covered by a yellow-brown layer. From x = 10 to roughly 4.50m, the latter contained a large amount of clay daub and bits of charcoal, which represent part of the remains of a house mainly excavated in Trench 3.76 The yellow-brown layer at x = 1m revealed a row of stones that delimited the corridor behind Wall II.77 Above the stones, they also found the debris of that wall.78 The finds associated with Wall II form Complexes 82 and 83 (Fig. 7; Pl. 27, 28). The first contains the finds form the yellow-brown cultural layer, the second those excavated along the stones delimiting the corridor behind Wall II. Part of the finds associated with Wall II also forms Complex 79 (Fig. 7; Pl. 29:1). This was determined between x = 0 and 2m and comprises the finds from the debris of the second wall, but mostly the finds from the light brown layer above it that already belongs to the Wall III phase. WALL III The yellow-brown layer and the debris above the stones delimiting the corridor behind Wall II were covered by a light brown layer (App. 6), which was not visible in the cross section. This is a cultural layer of the Wall III phase, containing numerous patches of burnt daub and other burnt material.79 Most finds from this layer form Complex 84 (Fig. 7; Pl. 29: 2),80 which is thus associated with Wall III. Complex 85 (Fig. 7; Pl. 29: 3-11) contains some of the finds from this layer associated, but also the La Tene finds excavated in the dark brown layer and the topsoil. The finds of Complex 81 are at least partially mixed and part of the documentation for the complex is lost, which led me to consider these finds as undeterminable and therefore exclude them from the table (Fig. 7; Pl. 29: 12-22).. According to the existing documentation, Complex 81 comprised the finds from the patches of burnt daub and other burnt material under the yellow-brown layer associated with Wall II. BAULK BETWEEN TRENCHES 7 AND 14 During the excavation of Trench 14, part of the baulk left between Trenches 7 and 14 collapsed, which 75 Svoljsak 1994, 95. 76 Svoljsak 1994, 99; Gabrovec, Frey, Foltiny 1970, 26 ff; Foltiny 1970. 77 Svoljsak 1994, 95 ff, Fig. 89. 78 Svoljsak 1994, 99. 79 Svoljsak 1994, 99. 80 The finds excavated in this layer between x = 0 and 2m also form Complex 79. 34 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS kompleks/Complex zid/Wall 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 58 59 60 61 Lt « III • • • • • • plast/Layer c • • • • • • • • II plast/Layer b • • • plast/Layer a • • • • • plast/Layer b • • • • • plast/Layer a • • Sl. 8: Korelacijska tabela zidov stiškega naselja in kompleksov sonde 3. Fig. 8: Correlation table of the defensive walls and the complexes of finds from Trench 3. ZID I Nad skalnato osnovo in rumeno marmorizirano ilovnato mrtvico, na katero je bil postavljen zid I, je bila v notranjosti izkopana izravnalna plast rumene ilovice. Ta je bila v profilu dobro vidna pri x = -1 m do 2 m in pri x = 5,20 m do 8 m (pril. 7). Nad njo je bila zelenkasta ilovnata plast, ki je bila v vrhnjem delu pri x = 5,30 m do 8 m že bolj svetlorjave barve. Okoli x = 4 m so v plasti zelenkaste ilovice ležali kamni hodnika za zidom I.83 Nad njimi so se pri x = 2 m do 5,50 m v obliki intenzivne žganine in prežgane ilovice pojavljale prve stavbne ostaline.84 Z zidom I povezujem komplekse 32 do 34, 36, 42, 43 in 61, pri čemer vsebuje zadnji najdbe, pobrane pri podiranju samega zidu (sl. 8). Komplekse 32 do 34, 36 in 42 (sl. 8; t. 30: 1-13) povezujem s starejšim delom plasti za zidom I ali plastjo a. Kompleksa 32 in 42 namreč izvirata iz plasti rumene ilovice, kjer je bil prvi opredeljen pri x = -0,10 m do 2 m, drugi pa pri x = 4,20 m do 8 m. Najdbe iz rumene ilovice, predvsem pa zelenkaste plasti nad njo, združujeta kompleksa 33 in 34. Prvi je bil opredeljen pri x = -0,20 m do 2,20 m, kompleks 34 nad njim pa pri x = -1 m do 3 m. Najdbe iz plasti zelenkaste ilovice vsebuje še kompleks 36, ki je bil opredeljen pri x = 1 m do 3,50 m. Z mlajšo plastjo b za zidom I povezujem kompleks 43 (sl. 8). Ta je bil opredeljen med x = 2 m in 8 m in vsebuje predvsem najdbe iz žganinske plasti nad zelenkasto plastjo in kamni hodnika za zidom. Najdbe tako iz plasti k zidu I kot tudi II vsebujejo kompleksi 35, 38 in 41 (sl. 8; t. 30:14-18). Kompleks 35 je bil namreč opredeljen nad kompleksom 34 med x = -1 m do 3,60 m in združuje najdbe iz zelenkaste plasti za zidom I ter najdbe iz izravnalne ilovice, ki je bila odložena pred izgradnjo zidu II. Deloma vsebujeta najdbe višje. Pri x = 8 m vrh profila tako sega nekoliko čez z = 0,00 m oz. 370 m n.m.v. 83 Svoljšak 1994, 92, pril. 13. 84 Svoljšak 1994, 92. led to the decision to excavate and remove the baulk. The recovered finds were divided into 14 complexes, but have turned out to be mixed and are therefore treated as undeterminable here. TRENCH 3 Trench 3 examined the rampart and the area adjacent to it in the interior of the hillfort.81 The excavation revealed the remains of Wall I, but also several stones of Wall II (App. 781). WALL I Trench 3 reached the bedrock. This was covered by the yellow marmorised loam onto which Wall I was constructed. In the interior part of the trench, the marmorised loam was covered by a levelling layer of yellow loam, which was clearly visible in the cross section from x = -1 to 2m and from x = 5.20 to 8m (App. 7). The loamy levelling was covered by a greenish loamy layer that became light brown in colour towards the top between x = 5.30 and 8m. In it, the stones delimiting the corridor behind Wall I were found roughly at x = 4m.83 Above the stones between x = 2 and 5.50m the first traces of houses appeared in the form of dense burnt material and burnt loam.84 The finds associated with Wall I form Complexes 32-34, 36, 42, 43 and 61 (Fig. 8). The last one contains the finds collected while disassembling the wall. 81 Svoljsak 1994, 87 ff, Fig. 89. 82 The initially published cross section (Svoljsak 1994, App. 11) bears erroneous depths, which are actually a metre higher. At x = 8m, the top of the cross section therefore reaches slightly above z = 0.00m, i.e. 370m asl. 83 Svoljsak 1994, 93 ff, App. 13. 84 Svoljsak 1994, 95. 35 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS iz zelenkaste plasti tudi kompleks 38 in nad njim višje ležeče opredeljen kompleks 41. Prvi zajema najdbe iz plasti pri x = 1 m do 3,5 m, drugi pri x = 1,20 m do 4,50 m. Kompleksa tako združujeta najdbe iz žganinske plasti nad kamni hodnika za zidom I ter najdbe iz rumenorjave plasti ob zidu II. ZID II Ostaline zidu I je prekrivala plast rumene ilovice, ki je med x = -0,60 m in -2,40 m ležala pod rjavkasto z gruščem pomešano osnovo zidu II (pril. 7).85 Z gruščem pomešani rumenorjavi plasti (plast a) je bilo lahko slediti tudi v notranjem delu med x = 0,80 m do 8 m. Med x = 3 m do 8 m jo je prekrivala siva kulturna plast zapolnjena s kosi žganine in ožgane ilovice. Gre za ostaline hiše (plast b), katere zid oz. njegov kamniti temelj je bil izkopan med y = 0 m in 1 m.86 Nad ruševinami hiše je bila ugotovljena še svetlorjava plast c, ki so ji lahko sledili vse od x = 8 m pa do skromnih ostankov zidu II pri x = -1,20 m.87 Pri x = 1 m so v omenjeni plasti ležali tudi kamni, ki so zamejevali hodnik za zidom II.88 Z zidom II povezujem najdbne komplekse 37, 39, 40, 44, 46, 47, 49 do 52 in 55, pri čemer lahko z najstarejšo plastjo a za zidom II povežem kompleksa 44 in 46 (sl. 8; t. 31: 1-2). V večjem delu enako opredeljena kompleksa 44 in 46 namreč vsebujeta najdbe iz rumenorjave plasti nad plastmi za zidom I; in sicer prvi pri x = 3 m do 6 m, drugi pa pri x = 2 m do 6 m. Najdbe iz ruševin hiše vsebujeta kompleksa 47 in 49. Prvi je bil opredeljen v spodnjem in drugi v zgornjem delu ruševin pri x = 3 m do 8 m. Med njima je bil pri x = 4 m do 4,50 m opredeljen kompleks 52, ki vsebuje najdbe iz leče rumene ilovice. Komplekse 47, 49 in 52 (sl. 8; t. 31: 3-4; 32; 33: 1-7) povezujem z osrednjimi plastmi za zidom II ali plastjo b. Iz najmlajše plasti c k zidu II izvirajo kompleksi 37, 39, 40, 50, 51 in 55 (sl. 8; t. 33:8-12). Kompleks 37 in nad njim opredeljen kompleks 39 vsebujeta najdbe iz svetlorjave kulturne plasti k zidu II pri x = -1 m do 1 m. Najdbe iz vrhnjega dela te plasti vsebuje še med x = -1 m in 2 m opredeljen kompleks 40. Pri x = 1,60 m opredeljen kompleks 50 pa vsebuje najdbe iz leče rumene ilovice, ki je bila izkopana v vrhnjem delu svetlorjave plasti. Najdbe iz svetlorjave plasti vsebujeta še kompleksa 51 in 55, ki sta bila opredeljena nad ostanki hiše; prvi pri x = 2 m do 4 m in drugi pri x = 3 m do 8 m. Deloma vsebujeta najdbe iz svetlorjave kulturne plasti za zidom II še kompleksa 56 in 58 (sl. 8). Prvi je bil opredeljen nad kamni zidu hiše pri x = 5,50 m, y = 85 Svoljšak 1994, 92. 86 Svoljšak 1994, 96 ss, pril. 11 in 13; Gabrovec 1967a, 84; isti 1967b, 32; Gabrovec, Frey, Foltiny 1969, 189 ss = isti 1970. 87 Svoljšak 1994, pril. 11. 88 Svoljšak 1994, 96, pril. 15. Complexes 32-34, 36 and 42 are related to the early part of the layers behind Wall I, i.e. Layer a (Fig. 8; Pl. 30: 1-13). Complexes 32 and 42 were excavated in the layer of yellow loam, with the former defined from x = -0.10 to 2m and the latter from x = 4.20 to 8m. Complexes 33 and 34 comprise the finds from the yellow loam, but mainly those from the greenish layer above it. The former was defined from x = -0.20 to 2.20m and the latter above it from x = -1 to 3m. Part of the finds from the greenish loam also form Complex 36, determined between x = 1 and 3.50m. The finds from the layer behind Wall I, i.e. Layer b, form Complex 43 (Fig. 8). This was determined from x = 2 to 8m and mostly contains the finds from the layer of burnt material above the greenish layer and above the stones delimiting the corridor. The finds associated both with Wall I and Wall II form Complexes 35, 38 and 41 (Fig. 8; Pl. 30: 14-18). Complex 35 was determined above Complex 34 from x = -1 to 3.60m and comprises the finds from the greenish layer behind Wall I and the finds from the loamy levelling deposited prior to the construction of Wall II. Part of the finds from the greenish layer form Complex 38, but also Complex 41 determined above it. The first consist of the finds from the greenish layer between x = 1 and 3.5m, the second between x = 1.20 and 4.50m. The two complexes also contain the finds from the layer of burnt material above the stones delimiting the corridor behind Wall I and the finds from the yellow-brown layer associated with Wall II. WALL II The remains of Wall I were covered by a layer of yellow loam that was in turn covered by a yellow-brown bedding for Wall II mixed with stone rubble between x = -0.60 and -2.40m (App. 7).85 The bedding or Layer a was also traced in the interior of the trench from x = 0.80 to 8m. Between x = 3 and 8m, it was covered by a grey cultural layer with dense burnt material and burnt loam. These represent the remains of a house, i.e. Layer b, the wall or stone foundations of which were excavated from y = 0 and 1m.86 The house debris was covered by a light brown layer or Layer c, which was excavated from x = 8m to the scarce remains of Wall II at x = -1.20m.87 At x = 1m, the light brown layer also revealed the stones delimiting the corridor behind Wall II.88 The finds associated with Wall II form Complexes 37, 39, 40, 44, 46, 47, 49-52 and 55. The finds from Layer a form Complexes 44 and 46 (Fig. 8; Pl. 31:1-2), 85 Svoljsak 1994, 95. 86 Svoljsak 1994, 95 ff, Apps. 11 and 13; Gabrovec 1967 a, 84; Gabrovec 1967b, 32; Gabrovec, Frey, Foltiny 1970, 26ff. 87 Svoljsak 1994, App. 11. 88 Svoljsak 1994, 95 ff, App. 15. 36 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS 1 m, drugi pa pri leči rumene ilovice v vrhnjem delu svetlorjave plasti nad ruševinami hiše pri x = 5,60 m. Ker oba kompleksa združujeta tudi najdbe iz ruševin k zidu III, ju povezujem tako z zidom II kot tudi III. Kompleksa 45 in 57 sta izpuščena, ker ni nobenih najdb z njuno oznako. Najverjetneje sta bile te kasneje pridružene najdbam iz kompleksov 44 in 55. ZID III IN LATENSKE PLASTI Nad ruševinami zidu II ter kamni hodnika za njim je bila temnorjava plast, ki se le malo razlikuje od vrhnje humusne plasti. Pri x = -1 m in 0,40 m je bil v njej odkrit sloj večjega kamenja, ki lahko sodi k najmlajšemu latenskemu obdobju.89 Poleg dela temnorjave plasti nad ruševinami zidu II sodijo v čas najmlajšega halštatskega obzidja, ki v sondi 3 sicer ni bilo ohranjeno, še zaplate ožgane ilovice nad svetlorjavo kulturno plastjo k zidu II. Gre za ruševine pogorelih objektov,90 ki so na profilu vidni predvsem pri x = 3 m do 8 m (pril. 7). Z zidom III povezujem komplekse 48, 53, 54 in 59 (sl. 8; t. 33:13-17; 34:1-7). Slednji je bil opredeljen pri x = 4 m do 8 m in vsebuje najdbe iz zaplat ožgane ilovice nad svetlorjavo plastjo k zidu II. Kompleksi 48, 53 in 54 pa izvirajo iz dela temnorjave plasti nad ruševinami zidu II vse do sloja kamenja, ki lahko sodi že v latensko obdobje. Kompleks 48 je bil tako opredeljen pri x = -1,50 m do 2 m. Nad njim sta bila opredeljena še kompleksa 53 in 54, prvi pri x = 1,50 m do 2,50 m in drugi pri x = -1 m do 3 m. Z latenskim obdobjem povezujem kompleks 60 (sl. 8; t. 34: 8-19). Ta sicer združuje najdbe, ki so bile izkopane v vrhnjem delu temnorjave plasti pod humusom s tistimi, ki so že bile izkopane v humusu samem.91 2.2 SONDE NA JUGOVZHODU NASELJA Obzidje na jugovzhodnem delu naselja je bilo že prvo leto sistematičnih raziskovanj, to je leta 1967, raziskovano z izkopom sonde 4. Vzpodbudni rezultati so botrovali odločitvi za nadaljevanje raziskav še na neposredno severnem območju, kjer je bila naslednje leto izkopana sonda 6. Leta 1969 so raziskovano območje sonde 6 z izkopavanji v sondah 12 in 13 razširili proti jugu (sl. 1).92 89 Gabrovec, Frey, Foltiny 1969, 188, op. 55 = isti 1970. 90 Svoljšak 1994, 98. 91 Ob keramiki opredeljeni kot kompleks 60 manjka del dokumentacije z najdiščnimi podatki, vendar so ti že bili zabeleženi kmalu po samem zaključku izkopavanj ob popisu vseh kompleksov in gradiva iz sonde 3. 92 Frey 1994, 74. for the most part equally determined; the first consists of the finds excavated from x = 3 to 6m and the second of those from x = 2 to 6m. The finds from Layer b form Complexes 47, 49 and 52 (Fig. 8; Pls. 31: 3-4; 32; 33: 1-7). The first two complexes consist of the finds from the debris of the house; the former was determined in the lower and the latter in the upper part between x = 3 and 8m. Between them, excavations revealed a lens of yellow loam from x = 4 to 4.50m, the finds from which form Complex 52. The light brown Layer c yielded finds forming Complexes 37, 39, 40, 50, 51 and 55 (Fig. 8; Pl. 33:8-12). Complex 37, but also Complex 39 determined above it, comprise the finds excavated from x = -1 to 1m. Part of the finds from the upper part of this layer also form Complex 40 determined between x = -1 and 2m. Complex 50 was determined at x = 1.60m and contains the finds from the lens of yellow loam excavated in the upper part of the light brown layer. Part of the finds from Layer c also forms Complexes 51 and 55 determined above the remains of the house; the former from x = 2 to 4m and the latter from x = 3 to 8m. Another part of the finds from Layer c form Complexes 56 and 58 (Fig. 8); the former determined above the stones of the house at x = 5.50m, y = 1m, and the latter near the lens of yellow loam above the debris of the house at x = 5.60m. The two complexes also contain the finds from the debris of Wall III and are thus connected both with Wall II and Wall III. The finds excluded from the discussion are those of Complexes 45 and 57, because there are no finds bearing their mark. It is most likely that the finds in question were later joined with those in Complexes 44 and 55. WALL III AND THE LA T£NE LAYER The debris of Wall II and the stones of the corridor behind it were covered by a dark brown layer that was only poorly distinguishable from the topsoil. In it, between x = -1 and 0.40m, a layer of large stones was found that can perhaps be attributed to the last La Tene period.89 Apart from a part of the dark brown layers, the patches of burnt loam above the light brown cultural layer associated with Wall II also belong to the time of the last Hallstatt rampart, of which Trench 3 revealed no remains. The patches represent the remains of burnt-down buildings,90 best visible in the cross section between x = 3 and 8m (App. 7). The finds associated with Wall III form Complexes 48, 53, 54 and 59 (Fig. 8; Pls. 33:13-17; 34:1-7). The last one was determined from x = 4 to 8m and contains the finds from the patches of burnt loam. Complexes 48, 53 89 Gabrovec, Frey, Foltiny 1970, 24, Fn. 55. 90 Svoljsak 1994, 99. 37 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS V okviru jugovzhodnih sond bom najprej obravnavala samostojno izkopano sondo 4, ki ji bo sledil še sklop preostalih treh. Te bodo obravnavane v obratnem vrstnem redu, kot so bile izkopane, to je od sond 13 in 12 do sonde 6. SONDA 4 Izkopno polje leta 1967 raziskovane sonde 4 je sprva zajemalo le obzidje in notranji predel tik za njim, pri čemer je bil zaključni izkop obzidja dokončan leta 1968. Z izkopavanjem sonde so bili tako odkriti ostanki vseh treh halštatskih zidov, pri čemer je bil najbolje ohranjen najstarejši, to je zid I (pril. 8).93 ZID I Zid I je bil postavljen na rumeno marmorizirano ilovnato mrtvico oziroma neposredno na prvotna tla (pril. 8).94 Za zidom je bila odkrita do meter debela zelenkasta ilovnata plast. Ta je vsebovala več kulturnih slojev, ki pa med seboj niso bili jasno ločljivi. V spodnjem delu je bila plast delno pomešana z rumeno ilovico in je bila do okrog x = 6 m spodaj in zgoraj zamejena s pasom kamnitega drobirja, ki ga povezujemo s samo izgradnjo zidu. Od x = 6 m pa do konca izkopnega polja pri x = 8 m so bile odkopane vsaj štiri plasti ožgane ilovice s koščki oglja, ki so najverjetneje ostanki uničenih hiš. Najnižja plast ožgane ilovice, ki je dobro vidna tudi na objavljenem profilu (pril. 8), je tako ležala neposredno nad rumeno ilovnato mrtvico. S prvim zidom povezujem najdbne komplekse 1-11 ter najdbe, pobrane pri čiščenju profilov iz kompleksov 21, 22, 26-28 in 30. Pri tem lahko z najstarejšo plastjo za zidom I ali plastjo a povežem komplekse 1-5, 6 in 28 (sl. 9; t. 35, 36:1-4). Kompleksi 1-5 namreč izhajajo iz spodnjega dela plasti zelenkaste ilovice, ki je zgoraj in spodaj zamejena s pasom drobirja ter delno pomešana z rumeno ilovico. Pri tem je bil najnižje za zidom opredeljen kompleks 1, nad njim pa kompleks 2. Temu sta pri x = 3,50 m do 5,50 m sledila še kompleksa 3 in nad njim opredeljen kompleks 4. Kompleks 5 izhaja iz vrhnjega pasu drobirja okoli x = 5 m. Nad kompleksoma 4 in 5 je bil od notranje fronte zidu I pa vse do konca izkopnega polja opredeljen kompleks 6, ki vsebuje predvsem najdbe iz najspodnejše plasti ožgane ilovice pri x = 6 m do 8 m. Iz najspodnejše plasti ožgane ilovice v jugovzhodnem profilu izhajajo tudi najdbe kompleksa 28. 93 Frey 1994, 74 ss. 94 Frey 1994, 74. Predhodna poročila o izkopavanjih v sondi 4 so bila pred izdajo monografije o naselbinskih raziskavah v Stični že večkrat objavljena. Prim.: Gabrovec 1967a, 84; isti 1967b, 31 s; Gabrovec, Frey, Foltiny 1969, 184 ss = isti 1970. and 54 contain the finds from the part of the dark brown layer above the debris of Wall II to the layer of stones that may even be attributed to the La Tene period. More precisely, Complex 48 was determined from x = -1.50 to 2m, while Complexes 53 and 54 were determined above it, the former from x = 1.50 to 2.50m and the latter from x = -1 to 3m. The finds of Complex 60 are attributed to the La Tene period (Fig. 8; Pl. 34:8-19). The complex consists of the finds excavated in the upper part of the dark brown layer and in the topsoil.91 2.2 TRENCHES IN THE RAMPART'S SOUTH-EASTERN SECTION The south-eastern section of the rampart was investigated already in 1967, in the first year of the excavations, in Trench 4. The encouraging results led to further investigations, with Trench 6 excavated in the following year just to the north of it. In 1969, Trench 6 was extended southwards with Trenches 12 and 13 (Fig. 1).92 The first of the south-eastern trenches to be discussed is the independently excavated Trench 4. The other three trenches will be presented in reverse order, Trench 13 first and Trench 6 last. TRENCH 4 The trench examined the rampart and the narrow area behind it. Excavations began in 1967 and ended in 1968, revealing the remains of all three Hallstatt ramparts, with the earliest preserved best (App. 8).93 WALL I Wall I was constructed onto the yellow marmorised loam, i.e. directly onto the original ground surface (App. 8).94 Deposited behind the wall was an up to a metre thick greenish loam. It consisted of several cultural layers, which were not clearly distinguishable. In the lower part, the deposit was partially mixed with the yellow loam and was, at around x = 6m bordered above and below by a strip of 91 The pottery determined as Complex 60 is missing part of the documentation, but the find data were recorded soon after the end of the excavation in the list of the complexes and finds from Trench 3. 92 Frey 1994, 75. 93 Frey 1994, 75 ff. 94 Frey 1994, 75. Preliminary excavation reports on Trench 4 had been published on several occasions prior to the monograph on the Stična hillfort investigations. Cf. Gabrovec 1967a, 84; Gabrovec 1967b, 31 f; Gabrovec, Frey, Foltiny 1970, 21 ff. 38 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS kompleks / Complex zid/Wall 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 19 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 II • • • • • • • med / Between 1 - II • • • • plast/Layer b • • • • • • plast/Layer a • • Sl. 9: Korelacijska tabela zidov stiškega naselja in kompleksov iz notranjega dela sonde 4. Fig. 9: Correlation table of the defensive walls and the complexes of finds from the interior part of Trench 4. Nad kompleksom 6 je bil opredeljen kompleks 8. Sledila sta mu kompleksa 9 in 7, pri čemer kompleks 9 vsebuje najdbe, izkopane med x = 3 m in 6 m, kompleks 7 pa od x = 6 m do 8 m. Obema je sledil med x = 3 m in 8 m opredeljen kompleks 11, nad katerim je pri x = 6 m do 8 m izhajal še kompleks 10. Vsi ti kompleksi vsebujejo najdbe iz plasti zelenkaste ilovice, pri čemer so najdbe iz kompleksov 10 in 11 vsaj stratigrafsko najmlajše. Najdbe iz plasti zelenkaste ilovice vsebujejo še kompleksi 21, 22, 26-27 in 30 iz profilov. Kompleksu 8 tako ustrezata kompleksa 22 in 30 iz jugozahodnega ter kompleks 27 iz severovzhodnega profila. Kompleksu 11 ustrezata kompleksa 21 in 26 iz severovzhodnega profila. Komplekse, ki torej vsebujejo najdbe iz plasti zelenkaste ilovice, povezujem s plastjo b za zidom I (sl. 9; t. 36: 5-13; 37: 1). Z zidom I povezujem še kompleks 19 (sl. 9). Ta vsebuje najdbe, ki so bile izkopane med kamni zidu pri x = 0 m do 1 m. MED ZIDOM I IN II Nad zidom I je bila še pred postavitvijo zidu II nasuta plast rumenkaste ilovice, ki je bila v notranjem predelu bolj rjavkaste barve (pril. 8).95 Najdbe iz izravnalne plasti rumenkaste ilovice vsebuje kompleks 12. Ta vsebuje tudi najdbe, ki so bile leta 196 896 izkopane že izven obzidja in v večini izhajajo iz te nasutine. Najdbe iz rumene ilovice pod kamni zidu II pri x = -0,50 m vsebuje kompleks 15, pri x = -0,30 m pa kompleks 31. Iz rumene ilovice v jugozahodnem profilu izhaja kompleks 23 (sl. 9; t. 37:2-11). ZID II Zid II je bil postavljen na plast rumene izravnalne ilovice. Ob vznožju notranje fronte zidu je bila nad rumeno ilovico, do okrog x = 4 m izkopana plast ostroro-bega drobirja, ki ga je prekrivala s kosi sežganega hišnega 95 Frey 1994, 74. 96 Zatorej ima del najdb iz kompleksa 12 oznako 68; npr. 6804/12 (Grahek 2013, 2/227 ss = 487 ss). small stone rubble connected with the construction of the wall. From x = 6m to the end of the trench at x = 8m, at least four layers of burnt loam with bits of charcoal were found, which most probably represent the remains of destroyed houses. The lowest layer of burnt loam, which is clearly visible also in the published cross section (App. 8), lay directly on the yellow marmorised loam. The finds associated with Wall I form Complexes 1-11, but also those collected while cleaning the cross sections and now included into Complexes 21, 22, 26-28 and 30. Complexes 1-5, 6 and 28 can be tied with the earliest layer behind Wall I, i.e. Layer a (Fig. 9; Pls. 35, 36:1-4). Complexes 1-5 originate from the lower part of the greenish loam delimited above and below by a strip of small stone rubble and partially mixed with the yellow loam. More precisely, Complex 1 was determined lowest behind the wall and under Complex 2. From x = 3.50 to 5.50m, these were followed by Complex 3 and further up Complex 4. Complex 5 originates from the upper strip of small stone rubble at around x = 5m. Complex 6 was determined above Complexes 4 and 5 from the interior face of Wall I to the end of the trench; it consisted primarily of the finds from the lowest layer of burnt loam between x = 6 to 8m. Part of the finds from the lowest layer of burnt loam and the south-east cross section is also to be found in Complex 28. Complex 8 was determined above Complex 6. It was followed by Complexes 9 and 7, with the former consisting of the finds excavated from x = 3 to 6m and the latter of those from x = 6 to 8m. These were followed upwards by Complex 11, determined from x = 3 to 8m, and Complex 10 determined between x = 6 and 8m. All these complexes consist of the finds still from the layer of greenish loam, with those from Complexes 10 and 11 latest at least in the stratigraphic sense. The finds from the greenish loam, more precisely from the cross sections, also form Complexes 21, 22, 26-27 and 30. Complex 8 thus corresponds with Complexes 22 and 30 from the southwest cross section and with Complex 27 from the northeast cross section. Complex 11 corresponds with Complexes 21 and 26 from the northeast cross section. To sum up, the complexes containing the finds from the upper layers of greenish loam are associated with Layer b behind Wall I (Fig. 9; Pls. 36: 5-13; 37: 1). 39 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS ometa in številnimi ostanki oglja prepredena svetlorjava kulturna plast. Čeprav je bila kulturna plast pri x = 5 m presekana z mlajšim vkopom, so ji lahko sledili vse do konca izkopa pri x = 8 m (pril. 8).97 Najdbe iz plasti za zidom II vsebujejo kompleksi 13-14, 16-17, 24-25 in 29 (sl. 9; t. 37: 12-14; 38: 1-2). Kompleks 13 zajema najdbe, izkopane vse od x = 3 m pa do konca izkopa pri x = 8 m. V kompleks 13 so tako združene predvsem najdbe iz plasti grušča ter svetlorjave kulturne plasti za zidom II, manjši del najdb pa lahko izhaja tudi še iz izravnalne plasti rumenkaste ilovice, to je iz plasti med zidom I in II. Nad njim so bili med x = 5 m in 8 m opredeljeni kompleksi 14, 16 in 17, ki vsi zajemajo najdbe iz svetlorjave plasti, pri čemer je bil kompleks 14 opredeljen kot najnižji, kompleks 17 pa kot najvišji. Najdbe iz svetlorjave plasti v severovzhodnem profilu vsebuje še kompleks 25, medtem ko vsebujeta najdbe iz te plasti v jugozahodnem profilu kompleksa 24 in 29. ZID III Od neposredno nad zidom II postavljenega zidu III je bilo jasno ugotovljeno le notranje lice (pril. 8).98 Od notranje fronte zidu je nad svetlorjavo kulturno plastjo k zidu II ležala plast drobirja, ki so ji lahko sledili približno do x = 4 m. Nad drobirjem je bila vse do mlajšega vkopa, ki je segal tudi še v kulturno plast za zidom II, odkrita rjava zemljena plast. To je prekrival nov pas drobirja. Gre že za ruševino zidu III, saj se je omenjeni pas drobirja začenjal že nad frontnimi kamni zidu. Nad ostanki zidu III je bila izkopana le še neraz-členjena temnorjava humozna plast. Najdbe iz odkritih ostankov zidu III oziroma iz plasti k temu zidu so bile pridružene najdbam iz humusa, ki so bile opredeljene kot kompleks 18. Ker ta večinoma vsebuje nestratificirane in s tem neopredeljive najdbe, je s preglednice izpuščen (sl. 9; t. 38: 3 - 6). ZUNANJOST NASELBINE Prvotni izkop sonde 4 je segal do x = -2 m in je zajemal le malo območja izven obzidja. Pobočje na zunanji strani obzidja, ki ga lahko delimo na t. i. nasipni in tlakovani del, je bilo tako raziskano šele leta 1969 z izkopavanjem podaljška sonde 4 (pril. 8).99 Ta je bil poimenovan tudi sonda 4b, pri izkopavanju odkrite najdbe pa so bile pod oznako 6904b razvrščene v komplekse 78 do 89 (sl. 10). Also connected with Wall I is Complex 19 (Fig. 9). It consists of the finds unearthed among the stones of the wall between x = 0 and 1m. BETWEEN WALLS I AND II Before putting up Wall II, a layer of yellow loamy levelling was deposited above Wall I. The loam became brownish towards the interior part ofthe trench (App. 8).95 The finds from this levelling form Complex 12. The complex also includes the finds excavated in 196896 outside the rampart that were mostly found in the levelling. The finds under the stones of Wall II at x = -0.50m form Complex 15, while those found at x = -0.30m form Complex 31. The finds from the southwest cross section form Complex 23 (Fig. 9; Pl. 37:2-11). WALL II Wall II was constructed onto the layer of yellow loamy levelling. At the foot of the interior face of the wall, the levelling was covered by a layer of stone rubble roughly up to x = 4m, which was in turn covered by a light brown cultural layer with pieces of burnt daub and numerous bits of charcoal. The cultural layer was traced to the end of the trench at x = 8m and interrupted by a later cut at x = 5m (App. 8).97 The finds associated with Wall II form Complexes 13-14, 16-17, 24-25 and 29 (Fig. 9; Pls. 37: 12-14; 38: 1-2). Complex 13 consists of the finds excavated from x = 3m to the end of the trench at x = 8m, i.e. primarily in the layer of stone rubble and the light brown cultural layer, in a small measure also the finds from the yellow loamy levelling between Walls I and II. Determined above Complex 13 and between x = 5 and 8m were Complexes 14, 16 and 17, which comprise the finds from the light brown layer, with Complex 14 determined as the lowest and Complex 17 the highest. Part of the finds from the light brown layer in the northeast cross section forms Complex 25, while the part of these finds in the southwest cross section forms Complexes 24 and 29. WALL III Wall III was constructed directly on top of Wall II. Of it, only its interior face could be clearly determined (App. 8).98 Beside the interior face and above the light 95 Frey 1994, 75. 96 Part of the finds from Complex 12 is hence marked 68; e.g. 6804/12 (Grahek 2013, 2/227 ff = 487 ff). 97 Frey 1994, 75 ff. 98 Frey 1994, 77. 97 Frey 1994, 74 s. 98 Frey 1994, 76. 99 Frey 1994, 74. 40 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS kompleks/Complex zid/Wall 20 78 79 80 82 83 84 85 88 tlak/Paving 3 Lt tlak/Paving 2 tlak/Paving 1 • O • • O • • o 1 • • • o Sl. 10: Korelacijska tabela zidov stiškega naselja in kompleksov iz zunanjega dela sonde 4. Fig. 10: Correlation table of the defensive walls and the complexes of finds from the exterior part of Trench 4. NASIP K ZIDU I Ob izgradnji prvega zidu je bila na rumeno marmo-rizirano ilovnato mrtvico nasuta plast rumene ilovice. Ta je bila v profilu vidna od x = -0,30 m in je segala vse do x = -12 m. Nad nj o je bil nasut zemlj en nasip svetlorj ave barve, vrh katerega je med x = -2 m in -5,50 m ležala tanka plast ožgane ilovice. Tako kot plast rumene ilovice je tudi zemljen nasip segal vse do x = -12 m. Tu sta bili obe nasutji k zidu I zamejeni z vrsto kamnov (pril. 8).100 Nad zemljenim nasutjem zidu I je bila do x = -4,80 m odkrita plast rumene ilovice, ki je bila odložena pred postavitvijo zidu II in je prekrivala ruševine zidu I. Od x = -4,80 m do -12 m je bila nad nasipom odkopana temnorjava zemljena plast. Gre za plast, ki je vse do humusa ni bilo moč več razločevati in je prekrivala tudi plast rumene ilovice med zidovoma I in II. Z nasipom k zidu I povezujem kompleks 20 (sl. 10; t. 38: 7), ki vsebuje najdbe iz leta 1967 izkopanega dela sonde 4. Kompleks izhaja iz zemljenega nasutja, izkopanega med x = -1 m in zunanjo fronto zidu I. V letu 1969 izkopanem podaljšku sonde 4 vsebujeta najdbe iz zemljenega nasutja še kompleksa 79 in 78 (sl. 10; t. 38: 8). Oba sta bila opredeljena med x = -2 m in -12 m, pri čemer najdbe iz spodnjega dela zemljenega nasutja zajema kompleks 79. Ta združuje tudi redke najdbe še iz nasutja rumene ilovice, medtem ko vsebuje kompleks 78 najdbe iz vrhnjega dela zemljenega nasipa, ki so bile najdene večinoma v plasti ožgane ilovice. Z nasipom zidu I lahko najverjetneje povežem tudi kompleks 88 (sl. 10). Ta vsebuje najdbe, ki so bile izkopane okoli vrste kamnov pri x = -12 m. Kljub temu da ti kamni zamejujejo nasutje rumene ilovice in zemljeni nasip k zidu I, jih je izkopavalec opredelil za "mlajše kot zid I".101 Najdbe iz plasti izravnalne rumene ilovice med zidom I in II, ki je bila odkrita v podaljšku sonde 4, naj bi združeval kompleks 86.102 Ker ta vsebuje le en 100 Frey 1994, 76. 101 Frey 1994, 76 102 Glej še v okviru notranjega dela sonde 4 obravnavan kompleks 12. brown cultural layer associated with Wall II, a layer of small stone rubble was documented roughly to x = 4m. This was covered by a brown earthen layer that reached to a later cut that interrupted the cultural layer. The earthen layer was covered by a new strip of small stone rubble, which represents the debris of Wall III as suggested by the strip beginning above the stones of its interior face. The remains of Wall III were covered by the uniform and dark brown topsoil. The finds recovered among the remains of Wall III and the layer associated with it form Complex 18 (Fig. 9; Pl. 38: 3 - 6), which also includes the unstratified and thus undeterminable finds from the topsoil and is therefore not treated below. HILLFORT EXTERIOR Trench 4 initially extended to x = -2m and included only a small part of the area outside the rampart. The exterior slope, which revealed a deposit associated with the walls and a paving, was investigated in 1969 with the extension of Trench 4 (App. 8).99 The extension was marked Trench 4b and the recovered finds, marked 6904b, form Complexes 78-89 (Fig. 10). EARTHWORK ASSOCIATED WITH WALL I The construction of Wall I began by covering the yellow marmorised loam with a layer of yellow loam, which was visible in the cross section from x = -0.30 to x = -12m. It was covered by a light brown earthwork, overlain between x = -2 and -5.50m by a thin layer of burnt loam. Both the yellow loam and the earthwork associated with Wall I reached to the row of stones at x = -12m (App. 8).100 The earthwork associated with Wall I was overlain to x = -4.80m by a new layer of yellow loam that covered the debris of Wall I and was deposited before the construction of Wall II. The earthwork was covered between x = -4.80 and -12m by a layer of dark brown earth, very similar to the topsoil, that also covered the levelling layer of yellow loam between Walls I and II. The finds from the earthwork associated with Wall I, more precisely from the earthen deposit between x = -1m and the exterior face of Wall I that were excavated in 1967, form Complex 20 (Fig. 10; Pl. 38: 7). The finds from the earthwork also form Complexes 79 and 78 (Fig. 10; Pl. 38: 8); these were excavated in the extension of Trench 4 excavated in 1969. The two complexes were determined between x = -2m and -12m; Complex 79 consists of the finds from the lower part of the deposit and the rare finds from the layer of yellow 124 Frey 1994, 80 ss. 123 Frey 1994, 79. 41 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS opredeljiv fragment keramike (ID 6904b/086-001),103 ki pa je bil očitno zamešan, kompleksa v nadaljevanju ne obravnavam. LATENSKE PLASTI Od vrste kamnov pri x = -12 m pa do konca izkopa pri x = -28 m je bila nad rumeno marmorizirano mrtvico odkrita temnorjava zemljena plast. Ta je od x = -13 m do -25 m v spodnjem delu vsebovala številno kamenje. Gre za tri sloje kamnitega tlaka, ki jih med seboj niso vedno mogli povsem jasno razločevati in jih gre najverjetneje povezovati z latenskodobno utrdbo tega dela stiškega naselja (pril. 8).104 Nad t. i. tlakovanim delom zunanjega pobočja je bila temnorjava zemljena plast. Gre za plast, ki je prekrivala tudi zemljeni nasip k zidu I in plast rumene ilovice med zidom I in II. Najdbe iz najspodnejšega kamnitega tlaka ali tlaka 1 vsebuje kompleks 80 (sl. 10; t. 38: 9). Nad njim je bil opredeljen kompleks 82, ki vsebuje najdbe, pobrane nad samim tlakom 1 ter tiste, ki so bile izkopane v tanki zemljeni plasti med tlakom 1 in 2. Najdbe, pobrane pri raziskovanju drugega tlaka so združene v kompleks 83, medtem ko vsebuje kompleks 84 najdbe iz najvišjega tlaka, to je tlaka 3. S tlakovanim delom zunanjega pobočja povezujem še kompleksa 85 in 81 (sl. 10). Kompleks 85 je bil opredeljen med vrsto kamnov pri x = -12 m in x = -14 m in tako vsebuje najdbe iz spodnjega dela temnorjave zemljene plasti, v kateri se začenjajo kamniti tlaki. Nad kamnitim tlakom pri x = -13,50 m izhaja tudi kompleks 81. Ker ta ne vsebuje opredeljivih najdb, ga v nadaljevanju ne bom upoštevala. Vse najdbe, ki so bile izkopane v temnorjavi plasti nad nasipnim in tlakovanim delom zunanjega pobočja, so bile skupaj z najdbami iz humusa združene v kompleks 87. Poleg kompleksov 81, 86 in 87, ki bodisi ne vsebujejo opredeljivih kosov keramike, bodisi so ti zamešani ali pa gre za nestratificirane najdbe iz humusa, je izpuščen še kompleks 89 (sl. 10). Kot kompleks 89 so bile namreč opredeljene vse najdbe, pobrane pri čiščenju profilov sonde 4b. SONDA 13 Z izkopavanjem sonde 13 so bili raziskani vsi trije zidovi halštatskega obzidja, pri čemer sta bila zid I in III slabo ohranjena. Dobro so bile raziskane tudi plasti v notranjosti naselja, tik za obzidjem.105 103 Grahek 2013, 2/277 = 537. 104 Frey 1994, 76. 105 Frey 1994, 76 ss, pril. 8 in 9. loam, while Complex 78 contains the finds from the upper part of the earthwork and from the layer of burnt loam. The finds probably also associated with Wall I are those of Complex 88 (Fig. 10), which comprises the finds excavated around the row of stones at x = -12m. The stones, in spite of delimiting the first layer of yellow loam and the earthwork associated with Wall I, were seen by the excavator as 'later than Wall I'.101 The finds from the layer of levelling yellow loam between Walls I and II documented in the extension of Trench 4 were supposedly forming Complex 86.102 However, the said complex only comprises a single determinable pottery fragment (ID 69046/086-001),103 which is obviously a mixed find, and the complex is excluded from further discussion. LA T£NE LAYERS The yellow marmorised loam was covered from the row of stones at x = -12m to the end of the trench at x = -28m by a layer of dark brown earth. Its lower part between x = -13m and -25m contained numerous stones, which formed three layers of stone paving that could at places not be clearly distinguished; they are most probably connected with the La Tene fortification of this part of the Stična settlement, on the slope outside the rampart (App. 8).104 The paving was overlain by a layer of dark brown earth, which also covered the earthwork associated with Wall I and the layer of yellow loam between Walls I and II. The finds from the lowest stone paving (Paving 1) form Complex 80 (Fig. 10; Pl. 38: 9). Determined above it was Complex 82 with the finds collected directly from Paving 1 and those excavated in a thin layer of earth between Pavings 1 and 2. The finds collected during the investigation of Paving 2 form Complex 83, while Complex 84 comprises the finds from Paving 3. The finds from the paving also form Complexes 85 and 81 (Fig. 10). The former comprises the finds collected between the row of stones at x = -12 and x = - 14m, thus also the finds from the lower part of the dark brown earthen layer in which the pavings begin. The latter complex was determined above the stone pavings at x = -13.50m; it does not contain determinable finds and will therefore not be discussed below. The finds excavated in the dark brown layer above the levelled and paved parts of the slopes were joined with the finds from the topsoil to form Complex 87. 101 Frey 1994, 77. 102 See also Complex 12 treated as part of the interior part of Trench 4. 103 Grahek 2013, 2/277 = 537. 104 Frey 1994, 77 ff. 42 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS kompleks/Complex zid/Wall 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 38 39 40 41 Lt III • • II • • o • • • med / Between 1-II 1 kompleks/Complex zid/Wall 42 43 44 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 66 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 It III • II • • • • • • • • • • • • • • med/Between I-II • • • O O O • • • • • I O • • • • • • • • • kompleks/Complex zid/Wall 84 86 87 88 89 90 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 Lt • III • II • • • • • med / Between 1- II 1 • • • • • • Sl. 11: Korelacijska tabela zidov stiškega naselja in kompleksov sonde 13. Fig. 11: Correlation table of the defensive walls and the complexes of finds from Trench 13. ZID I Izkopani skromni ostanki zidu I so razkrili, da je bil ta v tem delu naselja deležen kasnejšega popravila.106 Za njim se je na rumeni marmorizirani ilovnati mrtvici odložila zelenkasta ilovnata plast. Gre za nehomogeno kulturno plast, ki je bila mestoma bolj sivkasto obarvana, v vrhnjem delu pa je vsebovala zaplate hišnega ometa in žganine (pril. 9).107 Zunaj pred zidom I je bila odkrita svetlorjava ze-mljena nasipna plast. V njej se pojavljajo ostanki oglja, posamezni kosi ilovnatega ometa in kamniti drobir, ki je bil dobro viden v severovzhodnem profilu (pril. 9) in kaže, da je bil s samim zidom popravljan tudi zunanji nasip.108 Najdbe iz kulturne plasti za zidom I so bile združene v komplekse 54, 69, 71-72, 75, 77-79, 81 ter 86-89 (sl. 11; t. 39:1-6). Neposredno za zidom, kjer je bila kulturna Rezultati izkopavanj v sondi 13, deloma tudi v sondah 12 in 10, so bili predstavljeni že leta 1970 na mednarodnem simpoziju v Smolenicah na Slovaškem. Glej: Frey 1974, 151 ss. 106 Frey 1994, 76 ss, pril. 8 in 9. 107 Frey 1994, 80. 108 Frey 1994, 80. The finds excluded from the discussion are those of Complexes 81, 86 and 87, which are either undeterminable, mixed or unstratified from the topsoil, as well as of Complex 89 (Fig. 10), which comprises finds collected while cleaning the cross sections in Trench 4b. TRENCH 13 Trench 13 examined all three Hallstatt ramparts, of which Walls I and III were in poor condition, as well as the layers in the interior of the settlement at the walls.105 WALL I The scarce remains of Wall I revealed numerous repairs in this section.106 Behind the rampart, the yellow 105 Frey 1994, 79 ff, Apps 8 and 9. The excavation results for Trench 13, partly also Trenches 12 and 10, were already presented at the international symposium in Smolenice, Slovakia, in 1970. See: Frey 1974, 151 ff. 106 Frey 1994, 79 ff, Apps 8 and 9. 43 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS plast najdebelejša, so bili tako opredeljeni kompleksi 89, 88, 87, 86 in 79. Najgloblje opredeljen kompleks 89 vsebuje najdbe, izkopane med x = 1 m in 4 m. Nekoliko višje so bile med x = 2,50 m in 3,50 m izkopane najdbe kompleksa 88, nad njim pa je bil med x = 0,50 m do 3,0 m opredeljen kompleks 87. V vrhnjem delu kulturne plasti tik za zidom I je bil pri x = 0 m do 1,50 m opredeljen še kompleks 86, že med kamni zidu pri x = 0 m in 0,50 m pa kompleks 79. Bolj v notranjosti sonde so bile najdbe iz zelenkaste kulturne plasti razvrščene v komplekse 81, 78 in 77, 75, 69 ter 71. Povsem na dnu plasti pri x = 3 m do 5 m izvira kompleks 81. Nad njim je bil pri x = 1 m do 5 m opredeljen kompleks 78. Sledila sta mu kompleksa 77 in 75. Prvi izvira iz predela od x = 3 m do 4 m, kompleks 75 pa vsebuje najdbe, izkopane med x = 4 m in 6 m. Najdbe iz vrhnjega dela plasti, izkopane pri x = 4 m do 4,30 m, so bile združene v kompleks 69, ostale najdbe iz tega dela plasti med x = 4,30 m in 5 m pa v kompleks 71. Vse do konca izkopa sonde pri x = 8 m sta bila v zelenkasti kulturni plasti opredeljena še kompleksa 72 in 54. Kot kompleks 72 so bile opredeljene najdbe, izkopane med x = 5 m in 6,50 m, kompleks 54 pa izvira med x = 6 m in 8 m. Najdbe, pobrane pri izkopavanju ostankov samega zidu I so bile združene v kompleks 100 (sl. 11). V vrhnjem delu ruševine je bil opredeljen še kompleks 94, ki tako združuje najdbe iz popravljanega dela zidu. Iz tega dela zidu izhaja tudi kompleks 85, ker pa ta ne vsebuje opredeljivih kosov keramike, ga v nadaljevanju ne bom obravnavala. V nadaljevanju ne obravnavam niti kompleksov 83, 91, 101 in 102. Ti podobno kot kompleks 85 ne vsebujejo opredeljivih najdb, izhajajo pa bodisi še iz same ruševine zidu, lahko pa tudi že iz zunanjega nasipnega dela. Z zidom I lahko najverjetneje povežem tudi kompleks 53 (sl. 11). Ta je bil opredeljen med x = 5 m in 6 m, kjer rumenkasta nasutina, ki je ločevala plasti k zidu I in II, ni bila jasno ločljiva in tako ni povsem jasno, ali vse najdbe kompleksa 53 dejansko izvirajo iz vrhnjega dela zelenkaste kulturne plasti za zidom I. MED ZIDOM I IN II Ruševino zidu I oziroma njegovo popravilo je prekrila nasutina rumene ilovice. Ta je prekrivala tudi kulturno plast za zidom, le da je bila v notranjosti sonde bolj rjavkaste barve. Med x = 0 m in 3 m jo je prekrivala močna žganinska plast (pril. 9).109 Gre za ostanke zgradbe, ki je bila uničena že pred izgradnjo zidu II. Najdbe iz očitno v požaru uničene zgradbe med zidom I in II vsebuje kompleks 50. Ta je bil opredeljen med x = 0 m do 3 m in je tesno povezan s kompleksom 74 (sl. 11; t. 39:9; 40). Tudi kompleks 74 namreč vsebuje 109 Frey 1994, 80, pril. 8. marmorised loam was covered by a layer of greenish loam. The latter is an inhomogeneous cultural layer, greenish and at places greyish, with patches of daub and burnt material (App. 9).107 In front of Wall I, in the exterior, a deposit of light brown earth was found. It yielded bits of charcoal, pieces of loamy daub and small stone rubble. It was clearly visible in the northeast cross section (App. 9) and showed that the wall was repaired together with the exterior deposit.108 The finds from the cultural layer form Complexes 54, 69, 71-72, 75, 77-79, 81 and 86-89 (Fig. 11; Pl. 39: 1-6). The finds recovered directly behind the wall where the cultural layer was thickest form Complexes 89, 88, 87, 86 and 79. Complex 89 consists of the finds found at the greatest depth between x = 1 and 4m. Complex 88 comprises the finds lying slightly higher up between x = 2.50 and 3.50m. The finds further up and between x = 0.50 and 3.0m form Complex 87. Complex 86 consists of the finds from the upper part of the cultural layer just behind Wall I between x = 0 and 1.50m. Complex 79 consists of the finds recovered among the stones of the wall between x = 0 and 0.50m. The finds from the cultural layer unearthed further towards the interior of the trench form Complexes 81, 78 and 77, 75, 69 and 71. The finds forming Complex 81 were unearthed at the bottom of the layer between x = 3 and 5m. The finds above that and between x = 1 and 5m form Complex 78. Complex 77 is composed of the finds excavated from x = 3 to 4m. Complex 75 consists of the finds recovered from x = 4 to 6m. The finds from the upper part of the layer excavated between x = 4 and 4.30m form Complex 69, while the finds from the upper part unearthed between x = 4.30 and 5m form Complex 71. The finds recovered in the greenish cultural to the end of the trench at x = 8m form Complexes 72 and 54; the first consists of the finds excavated between x = 5 and 6.50m, the second of those found between x = 6 and 8m. The finds unearthed while excavating the remains of Wall I form Complex 100 (Fig. 11). The finds from the repaired part of the wall, recovered from the upper part of its debris, form Complex 94. This part also yielded the finds forming Complex 85, which do not include deter-minable pieces of pottery and the complex is thus not treated below. Also excluded are Complexes 83, 91, 101, 102, and 85, the last one not containing determinable pieces of pottery and comprising finds either from the debris of the wall or from the exterior rampart deposit. Complex 53 can also be brought into connection with Wall I (Fig. 11). The finds of this complex were unearthed between x = 5 and 6m, where the yellowish layer separating the cultural layer associated with the phase between Walls I and II was not clearly distinguishable and the excavators could thus not determine whether all the finds of the said complex originate from the upper part of the greenish cultural layer behind Wall I. 107 Frey 1994, 79. 108 Frey 1994,79 ff. 44 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS najdbe, ki so bile izkopane še v žganinski plasti pod večjim kamnom pri x = 2,90 m. Z zgradbo med zidom I in II lahko najverjetneje povežem tudi najdbne komplekse 59, 63 in 64 (sl. 11). Ti vsebujejo najdbe, pobrane v plasti tik nad žganino in sicer pri x = 0,50 m do 1,50 m kompleks 64, pri x = 1,50 m do 3,20 m kompleks 63 in nad njim pri x = 0,20 m do 1 m kompleks 59. Poleg najdb iz žganinskih ostankov zgradbe so bile med zidom I in II izkopane tudi najdbe, združene v komplekse 67, 68, 73 in 76 (sl. 11; t. 39: 7, 8, 11-13). Gre za najdbe, ki izhajajo iz plasti rumenkaste izravnalne ilovice, nasute vrh plasti k zidu I. Kompleksa 76 in 68 tako združujeta najdbe iz izravnalne ilovice pod žganino zgradbe, prvi pri x = 1 m do 3 m, nad njim opredeljen kompleks 68 pa pri x = 0 m do 2 m. Nad kompleksom 76 je bil opredeljen kompleks 67, ki prav tako izhaja še iz plasti izravnalne ilovice pod žganino pri x = 2,40 m do 3 m, vendar pa ne vsebuje opredeljivih kosov keramike in ga zato v nadaljevanju ne obravnavam več. Tik za žganinskimi ostanki zgradbe je bil opredeljen kompleks 73, ki vsebuje najdbe iz plasti izravnalne ilovice med x = 3 m in 3,80 m. Pri x = 3,60 m do 4 m mu sledi kompleks 70, ki prav tako izhaja iz izravnalne plasti. Proti koncu izkopa sonde so bile najdbe iz izravnalne plasti rumenkaste ilovice združene še v kompleksa 51 in 44 (sl. 11; t. 39:13). Prvi je bil opredeljen pri x = 4 m do 5 m, kompleks 44 pa izhaja iz te plasti med x = 6 m in 8 m. Iz izravnalne ilovice vrh ruševin zidu I izhajajo najdbe kompleksa 82. Ker med njimi ni opredeljivih kosov keramike, kompleksa 82 v nadaljevanju ne obravnavam. ZID II Z izgradnjo zidu II je povezan pas kamnitega drobirja, ki so mu lahko sledili tako izven kot tudi znotraj samega zidu. V notranjosti obzidja je bil pas drobirja dokumentiran do x = 3 m. Tu se je zaključil ob vrsti velikih kamnitih blokov (pril. 9)110, ki so podobno kot v sondah, izkopanih na jugozahodnem robu stiškega naselja, zamejevali hodnik za zidom II. Nad pasom drobirja se je med samim zidom II in kamni hodnika odložila svetlorjava zemljena plast. Ta je bila na vrhu zamejena z novim pasom drobirja, povezanega z izgradnjo zidu III. Od kamnov hodnika pa do konca izkopa pri x = 8 m kulturna plast k zidu II ni bila povsem jasno ugotovljena. V tem delu je bila ob postavitvi kamnov hodnika lahko celo deloma odnešena plast izravnalne ilovice med zidom I in II.111 Predvsem z žganino in drobci hišnega ometa zapolnjene vglobitve, ki so ostale po tej poravnavi, pa je prekrivala svetlorjava zemljena plast. 110 Frey 1994, 82, sl. 61, pril. 8. 111 Frey 1994, 82, pril. 8 in 9. BETWEEN WALLS I AND II The debris of Wall I and its repairs were covered by a deposit of yellow loam that also covered the cultural layer behind the rampart, which was brownish towards the interior part of the trench. Between x = 0 and 3m, the cultural layer was covered by a thick layer of burnt material (App. 9);109 which represents the remains of a building destroyed prior to the construction of Wall II. The finds from this building between Walls I and II, clearly destroyed in a fire, form Complex 50. It was determined between x = 0 and 3m and is closely connected with Complex 74 (Fig. 11; Pls. 39:9; 40), because the latter also consists of finds from the layer of burnt material, more precisely those found under a large stone at x = 2.90m. Further finds that may be brought into relation with the building are those of Complexes 59, 63 and 64 (Fig. 11). These finds were collected in the layer just above the burnt material: the finds of Complex 64 were collected between x = 0.50 and 1.50m, of Complex 63 between x = 1.50 and 3.20m and of Complex 59 between x = 0.20 and 1m. Apart from the burnt remains of the building, the excavations between Walls I and II also yielded the finds forming Complexes 67, 68, 73 and 76 (Fig. 11; Pl. 39:7, 8, 11-13). These were unearthed in a levelling layer of yellow loam deposited above the cultural layer associated with Wall I. Complexes 76 and 68 thus consist of the finds from the levelling layer under the burnt remains of the building; the former from x = 1 to 3m and the latter determined above it from x = 0 to 2m. Determined above Complex 76 was Complex 67, the finds of which also originate in the levelling layer between x = 2.40 and 3m, but include no determinable pieces of pottery and thus excluded from further discussion. Recovered next to the burnt remains of the building were finds forming Complex 73, unearthed in the levelling layer between x = 3 and 3.80m. Complex 70 also consists of the finds from the levelling layer, more precisely those found between x = 3.60 and 4m. The finds from the levelling layer unearthed towards the end of the excavation of this trench form Complexes 51 and 44 (Fig. 11; Pl. 39:13); the former consisting of finds between x = 4 and 5m, the latter between x = 6 and 8m. The finds recovered from the levelling layer that covered the debris of Wall I form Complex 82. As it does not include determinable pottery fragments, the complex excluded from further discussion. WALL II Connected with the construction of Wall II is a strip of small stone rubble, which was documented on both sides of the rampart. In the interior, the strip was documented to x = 3m, to a row of large stone blocks (App. 109 Frey 1994, 81, App. 8. 45 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS Med samim zidom II in kamni hodnika so bili opredeljeni kompleksi 35, 40, 45-46, 55, 56-57 in 60 (sl. 11; t. 41: 1-6, 9, 10). Kompleksa 56 in 57 ter nad njima opredeljen kompleks 60 tako izhajajo iz pasa drobirja povezanega z izgradnjo zidu. Ker kompleks 57 ne vsebuje opredeljivih kosov keramike, je izpuščen iz nadaljnje obravnave. Deloma vsebujejo najdbe iz pasu drobirja, predvsem pa iz svetlorjave zemljene plasti nad njim, tudi kompleksi 35, 40, 43, 45, 46 in 55 (sl. 11). Kompleks 45 tako izhaja iz plasti nad drobirjem pri x = 0,50 m do 2 m. Ker ne vsebuje opredeljivih kosov keramike, ga v nadaljevanju ne upoštevam več. Večina najdb iznad pasu drobirja je bila sicer pobrana prav pri x = 2 m in opredeljena kot kompleks 46. Tega nadaljuje kompleks 55, opredeljen med x = 2 m in 2,50 m. Nad njim je bil opredeljen kompleks 43 ter še višje kompleks 40, med x = 1,40 m in 2 m pa izhaja kompleks 35. Zagotovo lahko z zidom II povežem še komplekse 49, 62, 65 in 80 (sl. 11; t. 41: 11-12). Vsi ti kompleksi namreč vsebujejo najdbe, izkopane pod oziroma ob kamnih hodnika, vendar pa kompleksa 65 v nadaljevanju ne bom obravnavala, saj ne vsebuje opredeljivih kosov keramike. Prav tako ne bom več obravnavala kompleksa 93. Po popisu ob zaključku izkopavanj naj bi tudi te najdbe izvirale izpod kamnov hodnika, vendar pa je dokumentacija kompleksa 93 danes založena in tako ni moč preveriti najdiščnih podatkov teh najdb. Med kamni hodnika in koncem izkopa pri x = 8 m lahko z zidom II povežem komplekse 34, 38-39, 41-42, 47-48, 52 in 66 (sl. 11), ki izhajajo iz vrha, v tem delu delno odstranjene, izravnalne plasti rumenkaste ilovice med zidovoma I in II. Med x = 3 m in 3,50 m je bil tako opredeljen kompleks 66. Nad njim so bili opredeljeni kompleks 48 pri x = 3 m do 5 m oziroma pri x = 3 m do 4 m še kompleksa 52 in 42. Kompleks 42 se pri x = 4,50 m do 6 m nadaljuje s kompleksom 41. Najdbe, pobrane v poglobitvi pri x = 7 m do 7,50 m, so bile opredeljene kot kompleks 47, najdbe iz poravnanega dela plasti rumenkaste ilovice, ki je že bila pomešana s svetlorjavo zemljeno plastjo med x = 3 m in 6 m, pa vsebuje kompleks 39. Nad njim je bil opredeljen še kompleks 34, ki združuje najdbe iz zaplate hišnega ometa pri x = 3 m do 4 m. Med x = 6 m in 8 m je pa bil nad kompleksom 47 opredeljen še kompleks 38. Tudi tega lahko najverjetneje še povezujem z zidom II. Najdbe kompleksa 38 namreč izhajajo iz vrhnjega dela rumenkaste ilovice, ki je bila že dobro pomešana z nad njo ležečo svetlorjavo zemljeno plastjo. Z izgradnjo zidu II lahko povežem tudi kompleks 99. Ta vsebuje najdbe, ki so bile pobrane med pasom grušča na zunanjem pobočju pri x = -1,80 m do -2,50 m. Iz same ruševine zidu II izhajajo kompleksi 58, 90, 92, 95, 96 in 98 (sl. 11). Pri tem vsebuje kompleks 58 najdbe, ki so bile pobrane ob notranji fronti zidu pri x = 0 m. Izpod kamnov notranje fronte zidu II izhajajo 9)110 that delimited the corridor behind Wall II, similarly as in the trenches excavated on the southwest periphery of the Stična settlement. The strip of small stone rubble between Wall II and the stones of the corridor was covered by a cultural layer of light brown earth, which was covered by a new strip of stone rubble connected with the construction of Wall III. In the part between the stones of the corridor and the end of the trench at x = 8m, the cultural layer associated with Wall II could not be clearly identified. Setting up the stones of the corridor might even have involved removing the layer of loamy levelling between Walls I and II,111 while the depressions, filled with burnt material and bits of daub, that remained after this removal, were covered by the layer of light brown earth. The finds recovered between Wall II and the stones of the corridor form Complexes 35, 40, 45-46, 55, 56-57 and 60 (Fig. 11; Pl. 41:1-6, 9,10). Complexes 56 and 57, as well as Complex 60 determined above them comprise the finds from the strip of small stone rubble connected with the construction of Wall II. Of the three, Complex 57 does not contain determinable pieces of pottery. Complexes 35, 40, 43, 45, 46 and 55 also include finds from the said strip of stone rubble, but mostly consist of those from the cultural layer above it (Fig. 11). Complex 45 consists of the finds from the cultural layer b etween x = 0.50 and 2m, which do not include determinable pottery fragments. The majority of the finds above the strip of small stone rubble was collected around x = 2m and forms Complex 46. Complex 55 consists of the finds collected between x = 2 and 2.50m. Complex 43 consists of the finds collected higher up, Complex 40 even higher. Complex 35 consists of the finds excavated between x = 1.40 and 2m. The finds certainly associated with Wall II form Complexes 49, 62, 65 and 80 (Fig. 11; Pl. 41:11-12), all unearthed under or beside the stones of the corridor. However, Complex 65 will not be treated below because it does not include determinable pottery shards. Also excluded from the discussion is Complex 93, because the list of finds compiled at the end of the excavations states that the finds were unearthed under the stones of the corridor, but the original documentation has since been lost and the exact locations can no longer be verified. The finds connected with Wall II between the stones of the corridor and the end of the trench at x = 8m form Complexes 34, 38-39, 41-42, 47-48, 52 and 66 (Fig. 11). They were unearthed at the top of the levelling layer of yellow loam between Walls I and II that had partially been removed in this part. Complex 66 consists of the finds recovered between x = 3 and 3.50m. Above them, the finds of Complex 48 were unearthed between x = 3 and 5m, while the finds Complexes 52 and 42 came to light between x = 3 and 4m. Between x = 4.50 and 6m, 110 Frey 1994, 83, Fig. 61, App. 8. 111 Frey 1994, 83, Apps. 8 and 9. 46 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS tudi najdbe kompleksa 95, medtem ko so bile najdbe, pobrane med kamni zidu pri x = 0 m do -1 m, združene v kompleks 98. Iz ruševin zidu že na zunanjem pobočju so kompleksi 90, 96 in 92. Kompleks 90 tako vsebuje najdbe, pobrane pri x = -3 m, kompleks 96 pri x = -3,50 m, kompleks 92 pa je bil opredeljen pri x = -3 m do -4 m. Ker je ob najdbah kompleksa 92 shranjen tudi listek, ki jih pripisuje sondi 14 in njihov izvor tako ni povsem zanesljiv, tega najdbnega kompleksa v nadaljevanju ne obravnavam. ZID III Zid III je bil skromno ohranjen. Z njegovo izgradnjo je povezan pas drobirja z žganimi ostanki, ki so mu v notranjosti lahko sledili vse do x = 3 m. V severovzhodnem profilu je s prežganim glinastim ometom prepreden pas drobirja segal čez kamne hodnika za zidom II, v jugozahodnem delu sonde pa je bil dvojen (pril. 9).112 Pas drobirja je sicer ležal v svetlorjavi zemljeni plasti, ki se vse do temnorjave zemljene plasti pod humusom ni dala členiti. V plasti je bilo odkopanih več zaplat glinastega ometa in žganinskih pasov, ki omogočajo ločevanje plasti za zidom III od starejših. Med kamni zidu III pobrane najdbe vsebuje kompleks 97; kompleksi 27, 29, 36, 37 in 61 pa najdbe, ki so bile pobrane med gruščem v notranjosti (sl. 11). Iz spodnjega grušča tako izhaja kompleks 61 ter nad njim opredeljena kompleksa 36 in 37. Nad kompleksom 36 je bil pri x = 0 m do 1,40 m opredeljen še kompleks 29. Ker kompleksa 29 in 37 ne vsebujeta opredeljivih kosov keramike, ju v nadaljevanju ne obravnavam. Najdbe iz zgornjega pasu grušča, ki je bil izkopan predvsem v jugozahodnem delu sonde, vsebujeta kompleksa 13 in 27 (sl. 11; t. 42: 2). Slednji je bil opredeljen med x = -0,30 in 0,60 m, višje nad njim pri x = -0,30 m do 0,30 m pa zajema najdbe kompleks 13. Deloma vsebuje najdbe iz spodnjega grušča še kompleks 28, ki pa je bil opredeljen predvsem v plasti nad gruščem pri x = 0,50 m do 2,80 m. Nad njim so bili v svetlorjavi zemljeni plasti nad gruščem opredeljeni še kompleksi 26, 19 in 20. Pri x = 1,10 m do 2 m je bil tako izkopan kompleks 26, ki mu pri x = 0,30 m do 1,60 m sledi kompleks 19 in pri x = 1,60 m do 2,50 m še kompleks 20 (sl. 11; t. 42: 9-10, 15, 17). Bolj proti notranjosti sonde so bili nato opredeljeni kompleksi 9, 18, 23 in 24 (sl. 11; t. 42: 8, 11-14). Med x = 3,20 in 4 m opredeljen kompleks 24 izhaja iz grušča in zaplate hišnega ometa, ki sta prekrivala kamne hodnika za zidom II. Najdbe, izkopane nad kompleksom 24, že v svetlorjavi zemljeni plasti med x = 3 m in 4 m, so bile združene v kompleks 23, nad katerim je bil opredeljen še kompleks 18. Najdbe iz vrhnjega dela svetlorjave zemljene plasti med x = 2 m in 4 m pa vsebuje kompleks 9. 112 Frey 1994, 82, pril. 8. Complex 42 is succeeded by Complex 41. The finds collected in the depression documented between x = 7 and 7.50m form Complex 47. The finds from the levelled part of the yellowish loamy layer, already mixed with the light brown earthen layer between x = 3 and 6m, form Complex 39. The finds above this, unearthed within the patch of daub between x = 3 and 4m, form Complex 34. Complex 38 consist of the finds above those of Complex 47 and between x = 6 and 8m; Complex 38 can most probably also be brought into relation with Wall II, because its finds originated from the top part of the yellowish loam mixed with the light brown earthen layer above. The finds also connected with the construction of Wall II form Complex 99. These finds were collected between the strip of stone rubble on the slope between x = -1.80 and -2.50m. The debris of Wall II yielded finds forming Complexes 58, 90, 92, 95, 96 and 98 (Fig. 11). Of those, Complex 58 comprises the finds collected along the interior face of the wall at x = 0m. The finds unearthed below the stones of the interior face form Complex 95. The finds collected between the said stones from x = 0 to -1m form Complex 98. The finds unearthed among the debris of the rampart on the slope form Complexes 90, 96 and 92. Of those, Complex 90 contains the finds collected at x = -3m, Complex 96 those at x = -3.50m and Complex 92 those between x = -3 and -4m. As for the last complex, however, documentation includes a tag attributing these finds to Trench 14, which makes its origin uncertain and the complex is therefore not treated below. WALL III Excavations in Trench 13 revealed very little of Wall III. Connected with its construction was a strip of small stone rubble mixed with burnt material that could be traced towards the interior to x = 3m. The northeast cross section revealed the strip with pieces of burnt clay daub that reached over the stones of the corridor behind Wall II, while in the south-western part of the trench there were two strips of burnt material (App. 9).112 The strip of small stone rubble was documented within the layer of light brown earth, which appeared uniform up to the layer of dark brown earth below the topsoil. The light brown earthen layer included several patches of clay daub and strips of burnt material, which enable us to distinguish the layers behind Wall III from earlier ones. The finds collected between the stones of Wall III form Complex 97, while the finds collected in the stone rubble in the interior of the trench form Complexes 27, 29, 36, 37 and 61 (Fig. 11). The finds from the lower part of the strip form Complex 61, while the finds above it form Complexes 36 and 37. The finds above those of Complex 36, excavated between x = 0and 1.40m, form 112 Frey 1994, 83, App. 8. 47 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS Najdbe iz svetlorjave zemljene plasti med x = 4 m do 6 m so bile razvrščene v komplekse 12, 16, 17 in 22. Pri tem izhaja iz vrhnjega dela plasti kompleks 12, najdbe iz spodnjega dela plasti pa vsebuje kompleks 22. Ta je bil opredeljen nad kompleksom 33, ki vsebuje najdbe iz samega, od žganinskih ostankov bolj sivkasto obarvanega, najspodnejšega dela svetlorjave zemljene plasti. Med x = 6 m in 8 m je bila namreč na dnu svetlorjave zemljene plasti izkopana večja žganina. V tem delu plasti pobrane najdbe so bile razvrščene v komplekse 31, 32 in 30. Nad žganino je bila pri x = 6,70 m do 7,70 m izkopana manjša jama, iz katere izhaja kompleks 25. Preostale najdbe, ki so bile izkopane nad žganino v svetlorjavi zemljeni plasti med x = 6 m in 8 m, pa so bile razporejene v komplekse 10, 15 in 21. Pri tem vsebuje najdbe iz spodnjega dela plasti kompleks 21, tiste iz zgornjega pa kompleks 10. V delu svetlorjave zemljene plasti, kjer so bile pobrane najdbe kompleksa 15, je bila pri x = 7 m izkopana še manjša jama, zapolnjena z gruščem. Najverjetneje lahko z zidom III povezujem tudi najdbe iz omenjene jame, ki so zbrane v kompleksu 14 (sl. 11; t. 42:1, 3-7,16,18-23). Kompleks 7 deloma vsebuje najdbe iz svetlorjave zemljene plasti med x = 4 m in 8 m. Opredeljen je bil tako, da poleg omenjenih združuje še najdbe iz vrhnje temnorjave zemljene plasti in ga zato povezujem tako z zidom III kot tudi že z latenskim obdobjem (sl. 11; t. 43:1-3). LATENSKE PLASTI V temnorjavi zemljeni plasti, ki je prekrivala ruševino zidu III in plast za njim, so bili tik pod humusom izkopani večji kamni. Gre za ostanke zidovja iz laten-skega obdobja (pril. 9).113 Z latenskim obdobjem povezujem predvsem komplekse 3-6, 8 in 84 (sl. 11; t. 43:4 - 11), ki vsi izhajajo iz temnorjave zemljene plasti. Kompleksi 3, 4, 5 in 8 so bili tako opredeljeni med x = 0,30 m do 2 m, pri čemer so bile najdbe kompleksa 8 izkopane najnižje, najdbe kompleksa 3 pa najvišje. Kompleks 6 vsebuje najdbe, izkopane pri x = 2 m do 4 m, vendar je bila tu keramika najdena nad kamni hodnika za zidom II, ki so mestoma segali vse do humusa, izločena in opredeljena kot kompleks 84. Najverjetneje je z latenskim obdobjem povezan tudi kompleks 11, ki izhaja iz jame, vkopane v svetlor-javo zemljeno plast pri x = 7 m. Kompleks danes sicer ne vsebuje opredeljivih kosov keramike, a je iz terenske dokumentacije razvidno, da je bilo v jami najdeno dobro ohranjeno dno lonca. Zelo verjetno gre za dno lonca (ID ? (6913/011)),114 ki je v muzeju shranjeno brez oznake kompleksa, ker pa tega ne moremo z gotovostjo potrditi, kompleksa 11 v nadaljevanju ne obravnavam. 113 Frey 1994, 82, pril. 8. 114 Grahek 2013, 2/185 = 445. Complex 29. Complexes 29 and 37 contain no determi-nable pottery fragments. The finds form the upper strip of the stone rubble, excavated primarily in the south-western part of the trench, form Complexes 13 and 27 (Fig. 11; Pl. 42: 2). The latter contains the finds unearthed between x = -0.30 and 0.60m, the former those between x = -0.30 and 0.30m. Part of the finds from the lower strip of stone rubble also form Complex 28, unearthed predominantly in the layer above the strip between x = 0.50 and 2.80m. Above this there were the finds from the layer of light brown earth which form Complexes 26, 19 and 20 (Fig. 11; Pl. 42: 9-10, 15, 17). Complex 26 contains the finds excavated between x = 1.10 and 2m, Complex 19 those between x = 0.30 and 1.60m and Complex 20 those between x = 1.60 and 2.50m. The finds unearthed further towards the interior of the trench form Complexes 9, 18, 23 and 24 (Fig. 11; Pl. 42: 8, 11-14). The complex mentioned last consists of the finds excavated between x = 3.20 and 4m, in the layer of stone rubble and a patch of daub that covered the stones of the corridor behind Wall II. The finds excavated above those of Complex 24 and already in the layer of light brown earth between x = 3 and 4m form Complex 23. The finds above that form Complex 18. Complex 9 consists of the finds from the top part of the layer of light brown earth excavated between x = 2 and 4m. The finds from the layer of light brown earth between x = 4 and 6m form Complexes 12, 16, 17 and 22, with Complex 12 consisting of the finds from the top part of the layer and Complex 22 of those from the lower part of the layer. Complex 33 contains the finds from the bottom part that was slightly greyish because of the burnt material. This burnt material in the shape of a latter large patch was excavated at the bottom of the layer between x = 6 and 8m. The finds collected from the patch form Complexes 31, 32 and 30. A small pit was found above the burnt material and between x = 6.70 and 7.70m, the finds from which form Complex 25. The other finds excavated above the patch in the layer of light brown earth between x = 6 and 8m form Complexes 10, 15 and 21, with Complex 21 consisting of the finds from the lower part and Complex 10 of those from the upper part. The part of the earthen layer that yielded the finds of Complex 15, at x = 7m, also revealed a small pit, filled with stone rubble. The finds from this pit form Complex 14 and are most probably also associated with Wall III (Fig. 11; Pl. 42:1, 3-7, 16, 18-23). Complex 7 contains in part the finds from the layer of light brown earth between x = 4 and 8m, but also the finds from the layer of dark brown earth above and can therefore be dated to both the time of Wall III and the La Tene period (Fig. 11; Pl. 43:1-3). 48 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS Poleg kompleksov, ki ne vsebujejo opredeljivih kosov keramike (kompleksi 29, 37, 45, 57, 65, 67, 82-83, 85, 91, 101 in 102), so izpuščeni še najdbni kompleksi 1, 2, 11, 92, 93 in 103. Medtem ko za komplekse 11, 92 in 93 nimamo zanesljivih najdiščnih podatkov, vsebujeta kompleksa 1 in 2 nestratificirane in s tem tudi neopre-deljive najdbe iz humusne plasti. Ker vsebuje iz profilov pobrane najdbe, ki zahtevajo individualno obravnavo, je izpuščen tudi kompleks 103 (sl. 11; t. 43:12-20). BLOK MED SONDAMA 12 IN 13 Ob zaključku izkopavanj na jugovzhodnem delu stiškega gradišča je bil izkopan še blok med sondama 12 in 13.115 V tem delu izkopane najdbe so bile tako razvrščene v najdbne komplekse S1 do S29, pri čemer so bile najdbe kompleksa S14 v preteklosti pridružene najdbam kompleksa 50 iz sonde 13 (t. 40).116 Kompleksi S26, S27 in S29 vsebujejo najdbe iz zelenkaste plasti za zidom I, medtem ko vsebuje kompleks S28 najdbe, pobrane prav med kamni zidu (sl. 12; t. 44: 1). Iz žganinskih ostankov zgradbe med zidovoma I in II izhaja kompleks S25, ki popolnoma ustreza kompleksu 50 iz sonde 13 in kompleksi S15, S16, S19 - S21 ter S23 (sl. 12; t. 44: 2, 3). Nad najintenzivnejšo žganino so bile izkopane najdbe iz kompleksa S24, pod gruščem k zidu II pa je bil opredeljen kompleks S17. Iz plasti med zidom I in II izhajata kompleksa S18 in S22. Najdbe iz kompleksa S18 so bile najdene v rumeni ilovici vrh zidu I, iz plasti rumenkaste izravnalne ilovice v notranjosti jarka pa izhaja kompleks S22. V poravnanem delu rumenkaste ilovice, ki ga povezujemo z zidom II, so bile izkopane še najdbe iz kompleksov S20, S21 in S23. Pri tem je bil kompleks S21 opredeljen pri vrsti kamnov hodnika za zidom II. Med zidom in kamni hodnika je bil na izravnalni ilovici izkopan pas drobirja. V tem delu sta bila v plasti za zidom II tako opredeljena kompleksa S19, S16 in nad njima še kompleks S15(sl. 12; t. 44: 4-6). Med gruščem, ki ga povezujemo z izgradnjo zidu III, so bile izkopane najdbe iz kompleksov S13 in S12, kjer slednji ne vsebuje opredeljivih kosov keramike. Iz svetlorjave zemljene plasti za zidom izhaja kompleks S11. Kompleksa S7 in S10, ki lahko vsebujeta najdbe že iz vrhnje temnorjave zemljene plasti, pa sta bila opredeljena nad samo ruševino zidu III (sl. 12; t. 44: 7, 8). Najdbe iz latenske temnorjave zemljene plasti vsebujejo kompleksi S3 do S6, pri čemer so najdbe kompleksa S6 stratigrafsko najstarejše, tiste iz kompleksa S3 pa so bile izkopane tik pod humusom. Ob skupini kamnov 115 Frey 1994, 76. 116 Ker so bile ob združitvi vse označene z oznako sonde 13, jih ne moremo več prepoznavati kot najdbe, izkopane v bloku med sondama 12 in 13. LA TENE LAYER The layer of dark brown earth that covered the debris of Wall III and the layer behind it revealed large stones just under the topsoil; these are the remains of the defensive wall from the La Tene period (App. 9).113 The finds attributed to the La Tene period are primarily those forming Complexes 3-6, 8 and 84 (Fig. 11; Pl. 43: 4 - 11), all excavated in the layer of dark brown earth. The finds of Complexes 3, 4, 5 and 8 were unearthed between x = 0.30 and 2m, with those of Complex 8 the lowest and of Complex 3 the highest. Complex 6 comprises the finds excavated between x = 2 and 4m, but the pottery recovered above the stones of the corridor behind Wall II, which at places reached to the topsoil, was set apart and determined as Complex 84. Probably also connected with the La Tene period is Complex 11, the finds of which were unearthed in a pit dug into the layer of light brown earth at x = 7m. The complex today contains no determinable pottery finds, but field documentation reveals that the pit yielded a well-preserved base fragment of a jar. It is most probably the fragment (ID ? (6913/011))114 kept in the museum without the complex number; this not being certain, Complex 11 is therefore not treated below. The finds excluded from the discussion are those of Complexes 29, 37, 45, 57, 65, 67, 82-83, 85, 91, 101 and 102, which contain indeterminable pottery finds, Complexes 11, 92 and 93, which are without reliable context data, Complexes 1 and 2, which contain unstratified and therefore undeterminable finds from the topsoil, as well as Complex 103 (Fig. 11; Pl. 43:12-20), which consists of the finds collected from the cross section that require special analysis. BAULK BETWEEN TRENCHES 12 AND 13 The investigations in the south-eastern part of the Stična hillfort concluded with the excavation of the baulk of earth between Trenches 12 and 13.115 The recovered finds form Complexes S1 to S29, of which the excavators included those of Complex S14 into Complex 50 from Trench 13 (Pl. 40).116 Complexes S26, S27 and S29 contain the finds from the greenish layer behind Wall I and Complex S28 consists of the finds collected among the stones of the wall (Fig. 12; Pl. 44: 1). The burnt remains of a building from the phase between Walls I and II revealed finds forming Com- 113 Frey 1994, 83 ff, App. 8. 114 Grahek 2013, 2/185 = 445. 115 Frey 1994, 79, App. 8. 116 The finds from the baulk between Trenches 12 and 13 were marked as belonging to Trench 13 and can therefore no longer be set apart from those actually found in Trench 13. 49 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS kompleks/Complex zid/Wall S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 S11 S13 S15 S16 Lt III • • • • II med / Between 1 - II • • 1 kompleks/Complex zid / Wall S17 SI 8 SI 9 S20 S21 522 523 S24 S25 S26 S27 S28 S29 Lt • III II • • • • • med / Between 1 - II • • • • 1 • • • • Sl. 12: Korelacijska tabela zidov stiškega naselja in kompleksov iz bloka med sondama 12 in 13. Fig. 12: Correlation table of the defensive walls and the complexes of finds from the baulk between Trenches 12 and 13. pod humusom sta bila opredeljena še kompleksa S8 in S9, nad samimi kamni pa kompleks S2 (sl. 12; t. 9-12). Nestratificirane najdbe iz humusa vsebuje kompleks S1. Najdbe, izkopane v bloku med sondama 12 in 13, vsebuje tudi kompleks 106 iz sonde 12. Ker so bili natančni najdiščni podatki že med izkopavanji izgubljeni, najdbe obravnavam kot stratigrafsko neopredeljene. SONDA 12 Sonda 12 je bila izkopana le 1 m severno od sonde 13 (sl. 1) in tako v monografski objavi terenskih raziskav stiškega gradišča ni bila posebej predstavljana.117 Kot v sondi 13 so bile tudi v sondi 12 odkrite ruševine vseh treh halštatskih zidov, pri čemer ostankov zidu II in III vsaj v profilih ni bilo moč povsem jasno ločiti (pril. 10). ZID I Dobro ohranjen zid I je bil postavljen na rumeno marmorizirano ilovnato mrtvico. Tudi v sondi 12 je bilo razvidno, da je bil zid po postavitvi popravljan z mlajšo gradnjo. Ob tem popravilu je bila notranja fronta zidu pomaknjena vsaj za pol metra bolj v notranjost (pril. 10).118 117 Frey 1994, 76 ss. 118 Frey 1994, 80. plexes S15, S 16, S19-S21, S23 (Fig. 12; Pl. 44:2, 3) and Complex S25, which in context exactly correspond with those of Complex 50 from Trench 13. The finds excavated above the greatest concentration of burnt material form Complex S24, while those under the stone rubble associated with Wall II form Complex S17. The layers between Walls I and II revealed Complexes S18 and S22. The finds of Complex S18 were unearthed in the yellow loam on top of Wall I. The finds of Complex S22 came from the levelling of yellowish loam in the ditch. The levelled part of the yellowish loam associated with Wall II revealed the finds forming Complexes S20, S21 and S23. The finds of Complex S21 were unearthed along the wall of the corridor behind Wall II. The levelling loam was covered in the corridor by a strip of small stone rubble. The finds from the layer of light brown earth behind Wall II in the corridor, form Complexes S19, S16, while those above two of them form Complex S15 (Fig. 12; Pl. 44: 4-6). The stone rubble associated with the construction of Wall III yielded the finds of Complexes S13 and S12, the latter without determinable pieces of pottery. The layer of light brown earth behind the wall yielded the finds that form Complex S11. Complexes S7 and S10 consist of the finds unearthed already above the debris of Wall III and may also include the finds from the overlying layer of dark brown earth (Fig. 12; Pl. 44:7, 8). The finds from the layer of dark brown earth attributed to the La Tene period form Complexes S3 to S6, with those of Complex S6 stratigraphically earliest and those of Complex S3 excavated just under the topsoil. The finds unearthed beside a group of stones under the topsoil form Complexes S8 and S9, those above the stones form Complex S2 (Fig. 12; Pl. 9-12). The unstratified finds from the topsoil constitute Complex S1. Part of the finds excavated in the baulk between Trenches 12 and 13 forms Complex 106 from Trench 12. Their context data was lost already during excavations and the finds are therefore treated as stratigraphically undetermined. TRENCH 12 Trench 12 was located only a metre north of Trench 13 (Fig. 1) and was not separately treated in the monograph on the field investigations of the Stična hillfort.117 Similarly as Trench 13, it revealed the debris of all three Hallstatt ramparts, with the remains of Wall II at least in the cross sections not clearly distinguishable from those of Wall III (App. 10). 117 Frey 1994, 79 ff. 50 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS kompleks / Complex zid/Wall 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 31 32 33 35 36 37 38 39 40 42 Lt • • • • • • • • • • • • III II O med / Between 1-II plast/Layer b 1 plast/Layer a kompleks / Complex zid/Wall 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 56 57 58 59 60 62 63 65 66 67 68 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 84 Lt III • • • • • • II • • • • • • • • • med / Between I - II • • • • plast/Layer b • • • • • • • • I plast/Layer a • kompleks / Complex zid/Wall 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 103105 107 Lt III II • • • • • med / Between I - II • • plast/ Layer b • • I plast /Layer a • • • • • • • • • • • • O Sl. 13: Korelacijska tabela zidov stiškega naselja in kompleksov sonde 12. Fig. 13: Correlation table of the defensive walls and the complexes of finds from Trench 12. Na pobočju za zidom I je bila nasuta svetlorjava zemljena plast, v notranjosti pa je bila nad mrtvico odkrita zelenkasta kulturna plast. Ta je v vrhnjem delu prehajala v bolj zemljeno sivkasto plast, v kateri je bilo tudi več lis žganine in zaplat glinenega ometa, dobro vidnega tudi v profilu (pril. 10). Najdbe, pobrane med kamni zidu I so bile opredeljene kot kompleksa 93 in 99. Čeprav vsebuje kompleks 99 najdbe iz spodnjega, kompleks 93 pa iz zgornjega dela zidu, ni zanesljiva povezava prvega z osnovnim zidom, drugega pa z njegovo nadgradnjo ob popravilu (sl. 13; t. 45:13, 14). V okviru plasti za zidom I pa lahko s plastjo a povezujem komplekse 83-87, 90-92, 94-95, 100 in 101 (sl. 13; t. 45:1-12). Vsi ti kompleksi namreč izhajajo iz zelenkaste kulturne plasti, pri čemer vsebujeta najdbe iz najspodnejšega dela pri x = 0,50 m kompleks 100 ter nato vse do x = 4 m kompleks 101. Nad njima je bil med x = 0,50 m in 5 m opredeljen kompleks 95. Proti vrhu so mu sledili pri x = 0,50 m do 2 m kompleks 94, pri x = 2 m do 3 m kompleks 92, pri x = 3 m do 4 m kompleks WALL I The well preserved Wall I was constructed on the yellow marmorised loam. Trench 12 also revealed that the rampart was subsequently repaired, which involved a new interior face built at least half a metre in front of the earlier one (App. 10).118 A layer of light brown earth was deposited onto the slope outside Wall I, while the interior revealed a greenish cultural layer on top of the marmorised loam. Towards the top, the cultural layer became greyish and earthy with patches of burnt material and clay daub, well visible also in the cross section (App. 10). The finds collected among the stones of Wall I form Complexes 93 and 99. Although Complex 99 contains the finds from the lower and Complex 93 those from the upper part, it is not clear whether the former is connected with the earlier wall and the latter with its repairs (Fig. 13; Pl. 45:13, 14). us prey 1994, 79. 51 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS 91 in pri x = 4 m do 6 m kompleks 90. Še nekoliko višje izhajajo iz zelenkaste kulturne plasti kompleksi 83 do 87. Pri tem sta bila kompleksa 86 in 87 opredeljena pri x = 0,50 m do 3 m, kompleks 85 pri x = 3,10 m do 5 m, kompleks 84 pri x = 5 m do 6 m in pri x = 6 m do 8 m kompleks 83. Ker ta ne vsebuje opredeljivih kosov keramike, bo izpuščen iz nadaljnje obravnave. Iz zelenkaste plasti za zidom I najverjetneje izhaja še kompleks 107, ki je bil pobran pri čiščenju severovzhodnega profila pri x = 3,40 m. Komplekse, ki izhajajo tako iz sivkasto obarvanega vrhnjega dela kulturne plasti za zidom I, kot tudi tiste, ki vsebujejo najdbe iz v tem delu ležečih lis žganin in zaplat glinastega ometa, povezujem s plastjo b za zidom I. Vendar pa plasti b neposredno ne povezujem s popravilom zidu I, ki ga je izkopavalec imenoval zid Ib.119 Najdbe iz plasti b za zidom I vsebujejo kompleksi 47, 57, 64, 66-67 in 69 (sl. 13; t. 46:1-4). Kompleks 69 je bil tako opredeljen v sivkasti plasti pri x = 5 m do 7 m, a ker ne vsebuje opredeljivih kosov keramike, ga ne bom več obravnavala. Nekoliko višje nad njim so bile pri x = 5 m izkopane najdbe, ki tvorijo kompleks 67, najdbe, pobrane med x = 5 m in 6 m pa vsebuje kompleks 66. Tega proti koncu izkopa nadaljuje kompleks 64, ki tako kot kompleks 69 ne vsebuje opredeljivih kosov keramike in je izpuščen iz nadaljnje obravnave. Iz lise žganine v sivkasti plasti pri x = 6 m do 8 m izhajata še kompleks 57 in nad njim kompleks 47. Iz lise žganine v sivkastem, to je stratigrafsko mlajšem delu plasti za zidom I izhaja tudi fragmentiran lonec (t. 50: 4), ki je bil pobran pri čiščenju severovzhodnega profila pri x = 3,55 m. Lonec je bil sicer shranjen v okviru najdbnega kompleksa 102, ki vsebuje še druge najdbe iz profilov, pri čemer za vse niso znani točni podatki o mestu najdbe. Najdbe iz stratigrafsko mlajšega dela plasti za zidom I ter tiste, ki so bile že pobrane v plasti izravnalne ilovice med zidom I in II, združujejo kompleksi 58, 65, 70, 75 in 77 (sl. 13; t. 46: 5-11; 47: 1-4). Kompleks 77 tako združuje najdbe iz omenjenih plasti, izkopanih pri x = 0,50 m do 3 m, kompleks 75 pri x = 3 m do 5 m oziroma pri x = 4 m do 5 m kompleks 70. Nad slednjim sta bila pri x = 4 m do 6 m opredeljena še kompleksa 65 in 58, ki prav tako združujeta najdbe iz izravnalne ilovice in sivkaste plasti pod njo. MED ZIDOM I IN II Ruševine zidu I in plasti za njim je prekrivala rumena izravnalna ilovica, ki je bila kot v sondi 13 v notranjem delu bolj rjavkasto obarvana. Na njej je bila vse od notranje fronte zidu Ib pa do x = 4 m odkrita žganinska plast, ki je bila zelo izrazita v severovzhodnem 124 Frey 1994, 80 ss. Of the layers behind Wall I, the finds connected with the greenish cultural layer or Layer a form Complexes 83-87, 90-92, 94-95, 100 and 101 (Fig. 13; Pl. 45: 1-12). Complex 100 consists of the finds from the lowest part at x = 0.50m, Complex 101 also consists of finds from the lowest part, but excavated to x = 4m. Complex 95 comprises the finds above those of previous two complexes and between x = 0.50 and 5m. The finds further up form Complex 94, between x = 0.50 and 2m, Complex 92 between x = 2 and 3m, Complex 91 between x = 3 and 4m and Complex 90 between x = 4 and 6m. The finds even further up in Layer a form Complexes 83 - 87. Of those, Complexes 86 and 87 comprise the finds unearthed between x = 0.50 and 3m, Complex 85 those between x = 3.10 and 5m, Complex 84 those between x = 5 and 6m and in Complex 83 those between x = 6 and 8m. The complex mentioned last does not include determinable pottery shards and is therefore excluded from further discussion. The finds probably also excavated in Layer a are those of Complex 107, collected while cleaning the cross section at x = 3.40m. I consider the greyish upper part of the cultural layer behind Wall I and the patches of burnt material and clay daub as Layer b. I do not, however, connect Layer b directly with the repair of Wall I, which the excavator termed Wall Ib.119 The finds from Layer b form Complexes 47, 57, 64, 66-67 and 69 (Fig. 13; Pl. 46:1-4). The finds of Complex 69 were excavated between x = 5 and 7m, but do not include determinable pottery finds. The finds excavated slightly further up and at x = 5m form Complex 67. The finds collected between x = 5 and 6m form Complex 66. Finds continued towards the exterior end of the trench; these form Complex 64. Neither Complex 64 nor Complex 69 contain determinable pieces of pottery. The patch of burnt material between x = 6 and 8m revealed the finds forming Complex 57 and those above forming Complex 47. The said patch also yielded a fragmented jar (Pl. 50: 4) collected while cleaning the northeast cross section at x = 3.55m. The jar is part of Complex 102, which also comprises other finds from the cross sections, not all of which come with precise location and context data. The finds from Layer b those unearthed in the loamy levelling between Walls I and II form Complexes 58, 65, 70, 75 and 77 (Fig. 13; Pls. 46: 5-11; 47: 1-4). Complex 77 consists of the finds excavated between x = 0.50 and 3m, Complex 75 of those found between x = 3 and 5m, and Complex 70 of those found between x = 4 and 5m. The finds excavated above those of Complex 70 and between x = 4 and 6m were determined as Complexes 65 and 58, both of which comprise the finds from the loamy levelling and Layer b under it. 123 Frey 1994, 79. 52 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS profilu (pril. 10).120 Gre za ostanke zgradbe najdene tudi v sondi 13. Najdbe iz rumene ilovice vrh ruševin zidu I vsebuje kompleks 105, tiste, ki so bile izkopane v izravnalni ilovici v notranjosti sonde, pa kompleksi 46, 48-49, 59, 78, 80, 82 in 103 (sl. 13; t. 47: 5-9,11-13). Slednji, torej kompleks 103, izhaja iz izravnalne plasti med x = 0,50 m do 2,50 m. V tem delu plasti je bila med x = 1,30 in 2,00 m izkopana manjša poglobitev, zapolnjena z gruščem. Najdbe, pobrane med gruščem, tvorijo kompleks 82. Nad njim je bil v plasti izravnalne ilovice med x = 1 m do 3 m opredeljen kompleks 78, ki se proti notranjosti nadaljuje s pri x = 3 m do 4 m opredeljenim kompleksom 80 ter nad njim izkopanim kompleksom 59. Proti koncu izkopa izhajata iz plasti izravnalne ilovice pri x = 4 m do 6 m še kompleksa 49 in 48, pri x = 6 m do 8 m pa kompleks 46. Najdbe iz žganinskih ostankov zgradbe, ki so bili najbolje ohranjeni med x = 1 m in 4 m, vsebujejo kompleksi 50, 71, 73-74, 76 in 81 (sl. 13; t. 47: 10, 14-16). Med x = 0,50 m in 1 m, kjer žganina ni bila tako intenzivna, je bil opredeljen kompleks 76 ter nad njim še kompleks 74 . Med x = 1 m in 2,50 m nato izhaja kompleks 73, ki se delno ujema z med x = 1 m do 1,50 m opredeljenim kompleksom 71 ter kompleksom 81, ki izhaja med x = 2 m in 2,50 m. Najdbe iz žganine pri x = 4 m vsebuje kompleks 50. Deloma vsebujeta najdbe iz žganine še kompleksa 72 in 68, ki sicer zajemata najdbe predvsem iz svetlorjave plasti nad njo. Kompleks 72 je bil tako opredeljen pri x = 0,50 m do 1 m, kompleks 68 pa pri x = 1 m do 2 m. ZID II Skoraj neposredno nad notranjo fronto popravljenega dela zidu I je ležala fronta zidu II. Ob njegovi izgradnji je nastala tanka plast grušča, ki so ji v notranjosti lahko sledili vse do vrste kamnov okoli x = 2 m. Ob postavitvi teh kamnov hodnika za zidom II je bila podobno kot v sondi 13 delno odstranjena ter tako poravnana plast izravnalne ilovice med zidom I in II.121 Nad poravnanim delom te plasti se je nato odložila svetlorjava zemljena plast (pril. 10). Iz ruševin II zidu izhajajo kompleksi 96 do 98 (sl. 13). Najdbe kompleksa 96 tako izhajajo iz spodnjega dela ruševine, tik nad rumeno ilovico nad zidom I, medtem ko so bile najdbe kompleksov 97 in 98 pobrane nekoliko višje. Iz plasti grušča, povezane z izgradnjo zidu, izvirajo kompleksi 35, 79, 88 in 89 (sl. 13; t. 48:7, 8). V spodnjem delu grušča je bil tako pri x = 0 m do 1 m opredeljen kompleks 88, vendar so bile najdbe, pobrane pri x = 0,80 m, oddeljene in združene v kompleks 89. Najdbe 117 Frey 1994, 76 ss. 118 Frey 1994, 80. BETWEEN WALLS I AND II The debris of Wall I and the layers behind it were covered by a levelling layer of loam that was, similarly as observed already in Trench 13, brownish towards the interior. On top of that, a layer of burnt remains was found from the interior face of Wall Ib to x = 4m, which was particularly dense in the northeast cross section (App. 10).120 This layer represents the remains of the building already detected in Trench 13. The finds from the loamy levelling above the debris of Wall I form Complex 105, while those excavated in the levelling in the interior part of the trench form Complexes 46, 48-49, 59, 78, 80, 82 and 103 (Fig. 13; Pl. 47: 5-9, 11-13). The last, Complex 103, consists of the finds excavated between x = 0.50 and 2.50m. In this part, more precisely between x = 1.30 and 2.00m, a small rubble-filled depression was excavated. The finds from the stone rubble constitute Complex 82. The finds further up and between x = 1 and 3m form Complex 78. Finds continued towards the interior part of the trench; those excavated between x = 3 and 4m form Complex 80 and those above the that form Complex 59. The finds excavated towards the interior edge of the trench between x = 4 and 6m form Complexes 49 and 48, and those between x = 6 and 8m form Complex 46. The finds from the burnt remains of the building, surviving best between x = 1 and 4m, form Complexes 50, 71, 73-74, 76 and 81 (Fig. 13; Pl. 47:10,14-16). The finds from x = 0.50 to 1m, where the burnt material was less concentrated, form Complex 76 and those above Complex 74. The finds excavated between x = 1 and 2.50m form Complex 73, the area of which partially overlaps with that of the finds excavated between x = 1 and 1.50m forming Complex 71 and of the finds excavated between x = 2 and 2.50m forming Complex 81. The finds form the patch of burnt material excavated at x = 4m form Complex 50. Some finds from the patch also form Complexes 72 and 68, which predominantly consist of the finds from the light brown layer above the patch. Complex 72 consists of the finds recovered between x = 0.50 and 1m, Complex 68 of those found between x = 1 and 2m. WALL II Located almost directly above the interior face of the repaired Wall I was the interior face of Wall II. Its construction produced a thin layer of stone rubble, which could be traced in the interior to the row of stones roughly at x = 2m. These stones delimited the corridor behind the wall and were placed onto the loamy levelling of the phase between Walls I and II that had previously been partially removed and thus levelled; the same situ- 117 Frey 1994, 79 ff. 53 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS iz vrhnjega dela grušča pri x = 0,50 m vsebuje kompleks 35 ter nato vse do x = 1 m še kompleks 79. Z zidom II povezujem tudi komplekse 30, 33-38, 40-43, 51-56 in 60-63 (sl. 13; t. 48: 1-6). Ti izhajajo bodisi iz svetlorjave zemljene plasti nad pasom grušča med notranjo fronto zidu in kamni hodnika za njim bodisi iz poravnanega dela izravnalne ilovice med zidom I in II, ki ga je prav tako prekrivala svetlorjava zemljena plast. Nad pasom grušča so bili opredeljeni kompleksi 61 do 63, pri čemer obsega najdbe, pobrane med x = 0 m do 1 m, kompleks 63, med x = 1 m in 2 m kompleks 62 in med x = 2 m do 3 m kompleks 61. Ker slednji ne vsebuje opredeljivih kosov keramike, ga v nadaljevanju ne obravnavam. Najdbe, ki so bile izkopane neposredno nad kompleksoma 62 in 61, vsebujeta kompleksa 56 in 54. V tem delu svetlorjave plasti je bila pri x = 1,50 m izkopana manjša poglobitev, iz katere izvira kompleks 55. Ker kompleksa 54 in 55 ne vsebujeta opredeljivih kosov, sta izpuščena iz nadaljnje obravnave. Z zidom II je najverjetneje povezan tudi nad kompleksom 54 opredeljen kompleks 42, ki obsega najdbe iz žganinske lise med x = 2,50 m in 3 m. Najdbe iz poglobitve v žganinsko plast pri x = 3,15 m do 3,70 m, ki je nastala ob postavitvi kamnov hodnika za zidom II, vsebuje kompleks 60. Nad njim sta bila med x = 3 m in 4 m v že poravnanem delu žganine in izravnalne ilovice opredeljena kompleks 52 ter nad njim kompleks 51. V vrhnjem delu poravnanih plasti je bila pri x = 3 m do 4 m še tanka žganinska lisa, iz katere izvira kompleks 40. Od njega je bil ločen del najdb, pobranih pri x = 3,50 m, ki so bile opredeljene kot kompleks 41. Ker med njimi ni opredeljivih kosov keramike, kompleksa 41 v nadaljevanju ne obravnavam. Proti notranjosti sonde med x = 4 m in 6 m je bil v poravnanem delu izravnalne ilovice opredeljen kompleks 38 ter nad njim še kompleks 39. Pri tem tvorijo najdbe, pobrane v manjši poglobitvi pri x = 5,80 m do 6 m, kompleks 53, najdbe, pobrane vrh poravnave pri x = 4,20 m, pa kompleks 43. Kot kompleks 43 izvirajo iz tega dela plasti še kompleksi 30, 33 in 34, pri čemer kompleksa 30 in 34 ne vsebujeta opredeljivih kosov keramike ter tako v nadaljevanju nista obravnavana. Z zidom II povezujem še kompleksa 36 in 37, ki izhajata iz poravnanega dela plasti izravnalne ilovice ter svetlorjave zemljene plasti nad njo pri x = 6 m do 8 m. ZID III Skromne ruševine zidu III so ležale neposredno nad zidom II. Za zidom je bil proti notranjosti v svetlor-javi zemljeni plasti izkopan pas drobirja. Ob izgradnji zidu odloženi pas drobirja tako kot sama ruševina zidu v profilih nista bila najbolj jasno izražena (pril. 10). Iz ruševine zidu III izhaja kompleks 11, iz plasti grušča med x = -1 m do 1 m pa kompleks 19. Deloma vsebuje najdbe iz grušča še kompleks 45, ki je bil oprede- ation was observed in Trench 13.121 Deposited over the levelled part of the earlier loamy levelling was a layer of light brown earth (App. 10). The debris of Wall II revealed the finds forming Complexes 96 do 98 (Fig. 13). Complex 96 consists of the finds from the lower part of the debris, just above the yellow loam above Wall I, while the finds of Complexes 97 and 98 were collected higher up. The thin layer of stone rubble yielded the finds forming Complexes 35, 79, 88 and 89 (Fig. 13; Pl. 48: 7, 8). The finds from the lower part of the stone rubble between x = 0 and 1m form Complex 88, though the finds collected at x = 0.80m were separated to form Complex 89. The finds from the upper part of the stone rubble at x = 0.50m form Complex 35, while those excavated to x = 1m form Complex 79. The finds associated with Wall II form Complexes 30, 33-38, 40-43, 51-56 and 60-63 (Fig. 13; Pl. 48:1-6). These were excavated either in the layer of light brown earth above the strip of stone rubble in the corridor behind the wall or in the levelled part of the levelling loam of the phase between Walls I and II covered by the layer of light brown earth. The finds excavated above the strip of stone rubble form Complexes 61-63; Complex 63 consists of the finds collected between x = 0 and 1m, Complex 62 of those collected between x = 1 and 2m and Complex 61 of those found between x = 2 and 3m. The latter does not include determinable pieces of pottery. The finds excavated directly above those of Complexes 62 and 61 form Complexes 56 and 54. In this part of the layer of light brown earth, a small depression was excavated at x = 1.50m, the finds from which constitute Complex 55. Complexes 54 and 55 do not include de-terminable pottery finds. The finds that can probably also be brought into connection with Wall II are those forming Complex 42, found within a patch of burnt material above those of Complex 54 and between x = 2.50 and 3m. The finds from the depression between x = 3.15 and 3.70m, which was created while laying the up stones delimiting the corridor behind Wall II, form Complex 60. Above those and between x = 3 and 4m, the finds from the levelled part of the burnt remains and levelling loam of the earlier phase form Complex 52 and above it Complex 51. The top part of the levelled layers revealed a thin patch of burnt material between x = 3 and 4m, the finds from which constitute Complex 40. The part of these finds collected at x = 3.50m is treated separately as Complex 41; they do not include determinable pieces of pottery. The finds excavated towards the interior pat of the trench, in the levelled part of the earlier loamy levelling and between x = 4 and 6m form Complex 38; the finds above these form Complex 39. The finds collected in the small depression located between x = 5.80 and 6m form Complex 53, while the finds collected on top of the levelled part at x = 4.20m form Complex 43. 123 Frey 1994, 78 ss. 122 Frey 1994, 83 ff, Fig. 65. 54 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS ljen med x = 0,50 m in 1,60 m. Preostali kompleksi, ki jih povezujem z zidom III, izvirajo iz svetlorjave zemljene plasti (sl. 13; t. 48: 7-21; 49: 1-3). Nad kompleksom 45 sta bila tako pri x = 0 m do 1 m opredeljena kompleksa 31 in 23 ter pri x = 1 m do 2 m kompleks 32. Nekoliko višje so bile pri x = 1,20 m izkopane najdbe kompleksa 26 ter kompleks 25, ki je segal vse do x = 3 m. Torej je bil kompleks 25 opredeljen tudi nad kompleksom 44, ki vsebuje najdbe, izkopane med x = 1,60 m in 3 m. Proti notranjosti sonde povezujem z zidom III kompleksa 24 in 22. Kompleks 24 vsebuje najdbe, pobrane pri x = 3,20 m, in se tako ujema s kompleksom 22, ki izhaja iz svetlorjave plasti med x = 3 m in 5 m. Najdbe iz vrhnjega dela svetlorjave zemljene plasti med x = 2 m do 4 m vsebuje kompleks 18. Do x = 6 m izvirajo iz te plasti še kompleksi 29, 27 in 20. Pri tem je bil v spodnjem delu plasti pri x = 4,50 m do 6 m opredeljen kompleks 29, nad katerim so bile pri x = 4 m do 5 m pobrane najdbe kompleksa 27 ter nad njim še najdbe kompleksa 20. Slednji se proti koncu izkopa nadaljuje v kompleks 21, ki je bil opredeljen nad kompleksom 28. Ta namreč vsebuje najdbe iz spodnjega dela svetlorjave zemljene plasti med x = 6 m in 8 m, medtem ko so bile najdbe, izkopane v vrhnjem delu tamkajšnje plasti združene v kompleks 10. Deloma vsebujejo najdbe iz svetlorjave zemljene plasti še kompleksi 9, 12-14 in 16-17 (sl. 13; t. 49:4-12). Ker vsebujejo tudi že najdbe iz mlajših plasti jih povezujem tako z zidom III kot tudi z latenskim obdobjem. Med x = -0,50 m in 2,50 m opredeljen kompleks 17 tako združuje najdbe, pobrane med gruščem za zidom III z najdbami, ki že izhajajo iz vrhnje temnorjave zemljene plasti. Podobno združujeta najdbe kompleksa 12 in 13, pri čemer vsebuje kompleks 12 najdbe, izkopane pri x = -0,50 m do 0,50 m, kompleks 13 pa pri x = 0,50 m do 1,50 m. Iz svetlorjave ter nad njo ležeče temnorjave zemljene plasti izvirajo kompleksi 9, 14 in 16. Kompleks 16 vsebuje najdbe, izkopane med x = 2 m do 4 m, nekoliko višje nad njimi pa so bile med x = 1,50 m in 4 m izkopane najdbe kompleksa 14. Iz mejnega dela rjavih zemljenih plasti pri x = 4 m do 6 m izhaja kompleks 9. LATENSKE PLASTI Neposredno pod humusom je bila izkopana te-mnorjava zemljena plast, v kateri je bila odkrita skupina kamnov. Ti v profilu niso bili jasno izraženi (pril. 10), predstavljajo pa ostanke neke konstrukcije iz latenskega obdobja.122 Najdbe iz mlajšega vkopa še v svetlorjavo zemljeno plast pri x = 3 m vsebuje kompleks 15. Ker med njimi ni opredeljivih kosov keramike, ga bom izpustila iz nadaljnje obravnave. Obravnavala bom le komplekse 3-8 (sl. 13; t. 49: 13-20; 50: 1-3), ki vsi izhajajo iz latenske temnorjave zemljene plasti. V spodnjem delu plasti 123 Frey 1994, 78 ss. 122 Frey 1994, 83 ff, Fig. 65. Similarly as the latter, the finds from this part of the layer also form Complexes 30, 33 and 34, with Complexes 30 and 34 devoid of determinable finds. Also connected with Wall II is Complexes 36 and 37, the finds of which were excavated in the levelled part of the earlier loamy levelling and in the layer of light brown earth above it and between x = 6 and 8m. WALL III The scarce remains of Wall III were found directly on top of Wall II. The above-mentioned layer of light brown earth included, behind the rampart and towards the interior part of the trench, a strip of small stone rubble connected with the construction of Wall III. Neither the rampart debris nor the strip are clearly distinguishable in the cross sections (App. 10). The finds from the debris of Wall III constitute Complex 11. The finds from the strip of rubble form Complexes 19 and 45; the first more precisely consisting of the finds recovered between x = -1 and 1m and the second of those found between x = 0.50 and 1.60m. The finds of other complexes connected with Wall III were excavated in the layer of light brown earth (Fig. 13; Pls. 48: 7-21; 49:1-3). Above those of Complex 45, the finds excavated between x = 0 and 1m form Complexes 31 and 23, while those excavated between x = 1 and 2m form Complex 32. Higher up, the finds excavated at x = 1.20m form Complex 26 and those excavated to x = 3m form Complex 25. The latter includes the finds excavated above those of Complex 44, which consists of the finds unearthed between x = 1.60 and 3m. Towards the interior part of the trench, the finds connected with Wall III form Complexes 24 and 22. The former consists of the finds collected at x = 3.20m, thus corresponding with those of Complex 22 unearthed in the layer of light brown earth between x = 3 and 5m. The finds from the upper part of the layer of light brown earth excavated between x = 2 and 4m form Complex 18. To x = 6m, this layer also yielded the finds forming Complexes 29, 27 and 20. Of those, Complex 29 consists of the finds unearthed in the lower part of the layer between x = 4.50 and 6m, Complex 27 comprises the finds collected above that and between x = 4 and 5m, while Complex 20 consists of the finds unearthed higher up still. The finds mentioned last continue towards the interior end of the trench and form Complex 21, unearthed above those of Complex 28 that contains finds from the lower part of the layer of light brown earth excavated between x = 6 and 8m. The finds excavated between the same x values but in the upper part of the layer form Complex 10. The finds from the layer of light brown earth can also be found in Complexes 9, 12-14 and 16-17 (Fig. 13; Pl. 49:4-12). These complexes also include the finds attributable both to the time of Wall III and the La Tene 55 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS so bili tako opredeljeni kompleks 6 pri x = -1 m do 1 m, pri x = 1 m do 2 m kompleks 7 in pri x = 2 m do 4 m kompleks 8. Že tik pod humusom so bile izkopane najdbe kompleksa 5. Ta vsebuje najdbe iz temnorjave zemljene plasti okoli skupine kamnov pri x = 0 m do 1 m. Podobno so bile tik pod humusom pri x = 1 m do 6 m izkopane še najdbe kompleksa 4 oziroma pri x = 6 m do 8 m kompleksa 3. Poleg kompleksov, ki ne vsebujejo opredeljivih kosov keramike (kompleksi 15, 30, 34, 41, 54, 55, 61, 64, 69 in 83), so iz nadaljnje obravnave izpuščeni še kompleksi 1, 2, 102, 104 in 106. Kompleksi 1, 2 in 104 vsebujejo namreč nestratificirane in s tem tudi neopre-deljive najdbe iz humusne plasti, kompleks 102 pa najdbe iz profilov, ki zahtevajo individualno obravnavo (t. 50: 4-17). Kompleks 106 je bil zamešan. Vsebuje namreč najdbe, izkopane v bloku med sondama 12 in 13, ki so bile sicer obravnavane v okviru sonde 13. SONDA 6 Z izkopom sonde 6 so se začele raziskave večjega območja na jugovzhodnem delu obzidja (sl. 1). V notranjosti sonde so bili tako odkriti ostanki vseh treh halštatskih zidov, za katerimi so se odložile posamezne kulturne plasti, ki so bile nato dobro raziskane še z izkopom sond 12 in 13. Poleg samega obzidja in plasti tik za njim pa je bilo s podaljšanjem sonde 6 navzven raziskano tudi pobočje pred obzidjem (pril. 11). ZID I Na rumeno marmorizirano ilovnato mrtvico postavljen zid I, ki je bil v sondi 6 skupaj z nekoliko mlajšim, popravljenim delom ohranjen do 1 m višine, je imel dobro ohranjeno notranjo fronto. Za njo se je odložila zelenkasta kulturna plast, ki je bila v vrhnjem delu bolj sivkasto obarvana (pril. 11).123 Med kamni zidu I so bile izkopane najdbe kompleksa 47 (sl. 14; t. 52: 5, 6). Te so bile v večini pobrane v vrhnjem, to je popravljenem delu zidu. S stratigrafsko starejšim delom plasti za zidom I, ki ga imenujem plast a k zidu I, povezujem kompleksa 25 in 63, ki izhajata iz zelenkastega dela plasti. Kompleks 25 tako vsebuje najdbe, izkopane med x = 8 m do 10 m, preostale najdbe iz zelenkaste plasti pa so bile združene v kompleks 63 (sl. 14; t. 51: 1-7). Z mlajšim, sivkasto obarvanim delom plasti za zidom I ali plastjo b povezujem komplekse 24, 54-55 in 59 (sl. 14; t. 51: 8-15; 52: 1-4). Kompleks 59 tako vsebuje najdbe iz spodnjega dela sivkaste plasti pri x = 1,60 m do 4 m. Nekoliko višje pri x = 0 m do 3 m izhaja kompleks 55 in pri x = 2 m do 5 m še kompleks 123 Frey 1994, 78 ss. period. The finds forming Complex 17 were unearthed between x = -0.50 and 2.50m, and include those from the stone rubble behind Wall III and those from the upper part of the layer of dark brown earth. The finds of Complexes 12 and 13 are of a similar composition, with Complex 12 consisting of the finds excavated between x = -0.50 and 0.50m, and Complex 13 of those found between x = 0.50 and 1.50m. The finds excavated in the layers of light brown and dark brown earth, respectively, form Complexes 9, 14 and 16. Of those, Complex 16 comprises the finds excavated between x = 2 and 4m, Complex 14 those excavated above and between x = 1.50 and 4m, and Complex 9 those excavated from the edge of the layers of brown earth between x = 4 and 6m. LA TENE LAYER Excavated directly under the topsoil was a layer of dark brown earth that revealed a group of stones. The stones were not clearly distinguishable in the cross section (App. 10). They represent the remains of a structure from the La Tene period.122 A cut into the layer of light brown earth at x = 3m revealed finds that form Complex 15. They do not include determinable pottery finds and are excluded from further discussion. The discussion does include Complexes 3-8 (Fig. 13; Pls. 49: 13-20; 50: 1-3), all of which comprise the finds excavated in the layer of dark brown earth attributable to the La Tene period. Complex 6 comprises the finds from the lower part of the layer excavated between x = -1 and 1m, Complex 7 those unearthed between x = 1 and 2m, Complex 8 those found between x = 2 and 4m, while Complex 5 comprises the finds unearthed just below the topsoil and around the group of stones between x = 0 and 1m. Also unearthed just under the topsoil were the finds of Complex 4, between x = 1 and 6m, and of Complex 3, between x = 6 and 8m. The finds excluded from further discussion are those of Complexes 15, 30, 34, 41, 54, 55, 61, 64, 69 and 83, which do not include determinable pottery shards, but also of Complexes 1, 2 and 104 with unstratified and hence undeterminable finds from the topsoil, of Complex 102 (Pl. 50: 4-17) with finds from the cross section that require a separate analysis and of Complex 106 with mixed finds, more precisely the finds excavated in the baulk of earth between Trenches 12 and 13, which were treated as part of Trench 13. TRENCH 6 Trench 6 was the first one to investigate the southeastern section of the rampart (Fig. 1). It revealed the 122 Frey 1994, 83 ff, Fig. 65. 56 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS kompleks/Complex zid/Wall 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 30 31 32 33 Lt • III • • • • • • • • • • II • • • • • med / Between 1-II • plast/Layerb • plast/Layer a • Sl. 14: Korelacijska tabela zidov stiškega naselja in kompleksov iz notranjega dela sonde 6. Fig. 14: Correlation table of the defensive walls and the complexes of finds from the interior part of Trench 6. kompleks/Complex zid/Wall 34 35 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 53 54 55 56 59 60 61 63 Lt III • II • • • med/Between I-II • • • • • • • • • plast/Layer b • • • • • • O • o plast/Layer a • • 54. Najdbe iz sivkaste plasti med x = 5 m in 7 m vsebuje kompleks 24. Najverjetneje lahko z zidom Ib povežem tudi kompleksa 56 in 61. Kompleks 61 namreč vsebuje najdbe iz manjše jame v sivkasti plasti pri x = 0,50 m, v kamnitem drobirju na vrhu sivkaste plasti ob notranji fronti zidu pa so bile izkopane najdbe kompleksa 56. Deloma vsebujejo najdbe iz sivkaste plasti za zidom I še kompleksi 38, 48 in 53 (sl. 14; t. 52:7-13). Kompleks 53 vsebuje tako najdbe, izkopane med gruščem, ki je pri x = 0 m do 1 m prekril sivo plast ob razrušenju zidu, kot tudi najdbe iz plasti rumenkaste ilovice med zidom I in II. Najdbe z vrha sive plasti za zidom I kot tudi tiste iz plasti rumenkaste ilovice med zidom I in II vsebujeta še kompleksa 38 in 48. Pri tem je bil kompleks 48 opredeljen pri x = 0 m in 3 m, najdbe, izkopane med x = 3 m in 5 m, pa vsebuje kompleks 38. MED ZIDOM I IN II Zid I in plasti za njim je prekrivala nasutina rumenkaste ilovice. V njej je bila žganinska plast, ki se je vlekla vse od notranje fronte zidu I do okoli x = 4 m.124 Gre za ostanke zgradbe, ugotovljene tudi v sondah 12 in 13, ki pa v profilu ni bila najbolj jasno izražena (pril. 11). Najdbe iz žganinskih ostankov zgradbe med zidom I in II vsebujejo kompleksi 33, 45, 49, 51 in 60 (sl. 14; t. 52:14-17; 53, 54). Večina najdb, izkopanih v žganini vse od x = 0 m do 5 m, je bila združena v kompleks 33. Kot kompleks 49 je bil tako opredeljen le del najdb, pobranih pri x = 2 m, kompleksa 45 in 60 pa vsebujeta najdbe, pobrane v žganini pod večjimi kamni okoli x = 124 Frey 1994, 80 ss. remains of all there Hallstatt ramparts and the cultural layers deposited behind them, but also examined the slope outside the hillfort (App. 11). The cultural layers were subsequently also investigated in Trenches 12 and 13. WALL I Wall I was constructed onto the yellow marmorised loam. In Trench 6, it was preserved to the height of up to a metre together with the repaired part and had a well preserved interior face. Deposited along the interior face was a greenish cultural layer that was greyish in the upper part, the latter associated with the repairs of Wall I, i.e. to Wall Ib (App. 11).123 The finds excavated among the stones of Wall I form Complex 47 (Fig. 14; Pl. 52:5, 6); they were mostly collected in the upper, i.e. repaired part of the wall. The stratigraphically earlier greenish layer, i.e. Layer a yielded the finds forming Complexes 25 and 63 (Fig. 14; Pl. 51:1-7); the former consists of the finds excavated between x = 8 and 10m. The finds from greyish upper part of cultural layer, here treated as Layer b form Complexes 24, 54-55 and 59 (Fig. 14; Pls. 51:8-15; 52:1-4). Complex 59 consists of the finds from the lower part of Layer b excavated between x = 1.60 and 4m, Complex 55 of the finds excavated higher up and between x = 0 and 3m, Complex 54 of the finds excavated between x = 2 and 5m, while the finds of Complex 24 came to light between x = 5 and 7m. Complexes 56 and 61 can also, as Layer b, be brought into connection with Wall Ib; Complex 61 contains the finds from the small 123 Frey 1994, 79. 57 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS 3 m. Najdbe, izkopane okoli ognjišča pri x = 3 m do 4 m, vsebuje kompleks 51. V vrhnjem delu žganinske plasti oziroma nad samo žganino med zidom I in II sta bila opredeljena še kompleksa 37 in 39 (sl. 14; t. 55:1-11). Najdbe, pobrane tik nad žganinsko plastjo pri x = 3 m do 5 m, vsebuje kompleks 39, nekoliko višje nad njim pa je bil opredeljen kompleks 37. Najverjetneje izhaja iz žganinske plasti med zidom I in II še kompleks 72, ki izvira iz severovzhodnega profila. ZID II Z izgradnjo zidu II povezujemo pas grušča, ki je bil vse do x = 2 m odkrit vrh rumenkaste ilovice. Na plasti rumenkaste ilovice so ležali tudi kamni hodnika za zidom II. Ob njihovi postavitvi je bila poravnana tudi med zidom I in II nasuta plast rumenkaste ilovice, kar je bilo delno razvidno tudi v profilu (pril. 11). Z izgradnjo zidu II povezujem komplekse 36, 43, 44 in 50 (sl. 14; t. 55: 15-17, 19; 56: 1-3). Kompleks 50 namreč vsebuje najdbe, izkopane tik pod kamni notranje fronte zidu, kompleksa 36 in 44 pa najdbe iz pasu grušča vrh rumenkaste ilovice. Ker kompleks 36 ne vsebuje opredeljivih kosov keramike, ga v nadaljevanju ne obravnavam. Najdbe iz vrhnjega dela grušča vsebuje še kompleks 43, medtem ko kompleks 46 vsebuje najdbe, pobrane med kamni zidu II. Proti notranjosti sonde povezujem z zidom II najdb-ne komplekse 19, 26, 30-32 in 40-42 (sl. 14; t. 55:12-14, 18). Pri tem vsebuje najdbe, pobrane vrh grušča do x = 1 m kompleks 41, medtem ko preostali kompleksi izhajajo iz poravnanega dela plasti rumenkaste ilovice. Med x = 1 m in 3 m sta bila tako opredeljena kompleks 31 in nad njim kompleks 30, med x = 3 m in 5 m kompleks 26 in pri x = 8 m do 10 m kompleks 32. Iz poravnanega dela rumenkaste ilovice izhaja še kompleks 35, ki je bil opredeljen pri x = 3,60 m do 3,80 m. Najdbe kompleksa 42 so bile pobrane v vrhnjem, poravnanem delu rumenkaste ilovice pri x = 6 m v jugozahodnem profilu. Preostale najdbe iz rumenkaste ilovice, ki v večini izhajajo iz dela plasti, poravnanega za zidom II, vsebujeta kompleksa 19 in 40. ZID III Na ruševini zidu II so bili odkriti skromni ostanki zidu III in pas grušča, ki mu je bilo moč slediti do x = 1,50 m. Nad njim je bila svetlorjava zemljena plast (pril. 11). Z zidom III povezujem komplekse 11-13, 17-18, 20-23, 27 in 34 (sl. 14; t. 56:4-13). Kompleks 34 vsebuje najdbe iz pasu grušča do x = 1 m, preostali izhajajo iz svetlorjave zemljene plasti. Med x = 0 m in 3 m je bil tako opredeljen kompleks 27, ki sta mu proti vrhu plasti med pit in Layer b at x = 0.50m, while Complex 56 consist of the finds excavated among the rubble on top of Layer b along the interior face of the rampart. Part of the finds form greyish layer behind Wall I also form Complexes 38, 48 and 53 (Fig. 14; Pl. 52:7-13). Complex 53 contains the finds excavated in the stone rubble that covered Layer b between x = 0 and 1m when the wall fell into ruins, as well as the finds from the layer of yellowish loam between Walls I and II. Complexes 38 and 48 consist of the finds from the top of Layer b and those from the yellowish loam between Walls I and II; the finds of Complex 48 were unearthed between x = 0 and 3m, those of Complex 38 between x = 3 and 5m. BETWEEN WALLS I AND II Wall I and the layers behind it was covered by a deposit of yellowish loam. This deposit contained a layer of burnt material stretching from the interior face of Wall I to around x = 4m.124 The burnt material was not clearly visible in the cross section in this trench (App. 11), but represents the remains of a building already documented in Trenches 12 and 13. The finds from the layer of burnt material form Complexes 33, 45, 49, 51 and 60 (Fig. 14; Pls. 52:14-17; 53, 54). Most finds excavated between x = 0 and 5m form Complex 33. Complex 49 only consists of the finds collected at x = 2m, while Complexes 45 and 60 comprise the finds collected under large stones around x = 3m. The finds excavated around the hearth between x = 3 and 4m form Complex 51. The finds from the top part of the layer of burnt material and those directly on top of it form Complexes 37 and 39 (Fig. 14; Pl. 55:1-11); the first consists of finds collected between x = 3 and 5m, the second of those excavated slightly higher up. The layer of burnt remains probably also yielded the finds of Complex 72, which were collected in the northeast cross section. WALL II The construction of Wall II left behind a strip of stone rubble documented above the yellowish loam between Walls I and II to x = 2m. Also set onto the loam were the stones of the corridor behind the rampart, with the loam levelled for that purpose, as partially visible in the cross section (App. 11). The finds connected with the construction of Wall II form Complexes 36, 43, 44 and 50 (Fig. 14; Pls. 55: 15-17, 19; 56: 1-3). Complex 50 consist of the finds excavated just under the stones of the interior face of the rampart. Complexes 36 and 44 comprise the finds 123 Frey 1994, 78 ss. 122 Frey 1994, 83 ff, Fig. 65. 58 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS x = 1 m in 3 m sledila še kompleksa 23 in 21. Kompleks II vsebuje najdbe, izkopane pri x = 3,80 m, vendar med njimi ni opredeljivih kosov keramike, ki bi bile predmet obravnave v nadaljevanju. V spodnjem delu svetlorjave zemljene plasti pri x = 5 m do 8 m so bile izkopane najdbe kompleksa 18, tiste iz vrhnjega dela plasti pri x = 5 m do 7 m pa so bile združene v kompleks 17. Iz spodnjega dela plasti okoli x = 6,70 m izhajajo najdbe kompleksa 22 in pri x = 9 m kompleks 20. Iz svetlorjave zemljene plasti med x = 8 m in 9 m izhaja še kompleks 13, ki pa vsebuje samo neopredeljive kose keramike. Nad njim je bil med x = 6 m in 10 m opredeljen kompleks 12. Tako z zidom III kot tudi že z latenskimi plastmi povezujemo kompleksa 14 in 28 (sl. 14; t. 56: 14-22). Med x = 3 m in 6 m opredeljen kompleks 14 namreč združuje najdbe iz svetlorjave zemljene plasti za zidom III z najdbami iz vrhnje temnorjave plasti, kompleks 28 pa vsebuje najdbe iz ruševin zidu III ter tiste, ki so bile izkopane nad njimi. LATENSKE PLASTI Na vrhu skrbno odstranjenega zidu III so bili ohranjeni trije kamniti bloki. Gre za ostanke mlajše konstrukcije, ki so ležali v temnorjavi zemljeni plasti. V tej je bila tik pod humusom odkrita še ena skupina kamnov, ki lahko predstavljajo ostanke latenskega zidu (pril. 11).125 Iz temnorjave plasti izhajajo kompleksi 5-10 in 15-16 (sl. 14; t. 57, 58: 1-14). V spodnjem delu te plasti pri x = 0 m do 4 m je bil opredeljen kompleks 16 in nad njim kompleks 9. Pri x = 4 m do 6 m so bile izkopane najdbe iz kompleksa 10, nad katerim je bil med x = 4 m in 7 m opredeljen še kompleks 8. Nad njim so bile pri x = 5,20 m izkopane najdbe kompleksa 5, med katerimi pa ni bilo opredeljivih kosov keramike. Proti vrhu temnorjave zemljene plasti je bil med x = 0 m in 6 m nato opredeljen kompleks 15 ter nad njim še kompleks 6. Iz vrhnjega dela plasti med x = 6 m in 10 m izhaja kompleks 7. Izpuščen je kompleks 29, ki ne vsebuje najdb in najverjetneje sploh ni bil opredeljen. Poleg kompleksov 5, 11, 13 in 36, ki ne vsebujejo opredeljivih kosov keramike, so na tabeli iz notranjega dela sonde izpuščeni še kompleksi 1, 2, 4, 58, 62 in 72 (sl. 14; t. 58: 15-27). Kompleksi 1, 2 in 4 namreč vsebujejo nestratificirane in s tem tudi neopredeljive najdbe iz humusa; kompleksi 58, 62 in 72 pa najdbe iz profilov, katerih lega v profilu ni podrobno poznana. 125 Frey 1994, 82, sl. 64; Frey, Gabrovec 1969, 12 = Frey 1969a. from the strip of rubble; the former does not include de-terminable finds and is therefore excluded from further discussion. Complex 43 consists of the finds from the upper part of the rubble strip and Complex 46 comprises the finds collected among the stones of the wall. The finds also connected with the construction of Wall II form Complexes 19, 26, 30-32 and 40-42 (Fig. 14; Pl. 55:12-14, 18). Complex 41 consists of the finds collected at the top of the stone rubble strip to x = 1m, while other complexes consist of the finds from the levelled part of the yellowish loam. Complex 31 consists of the finds unearthed between x = 1 and 3m, Complex 30 of the finds also between x = 1 and 3m, but higher up, Complex 26 of those found between x = 3 and 5m, Complex 32 of those unearthed between x = 8 and 10m and Complex 35 of those excavated between x = 3.60 and 3.80m. The finds of Complex 42 were collected in the top part of the levelled yellowish loam, in the southwest cross section at x = 6m. Complexes 19 and 40 consist of the finds from the yellowish loam and mostly from the levelled part. WALL III Unearthed above the debris of Wall II was what little survived of Wall III as well as a strip of stone rubble connected with its construction that could be traced to x = 1.50m. The rubble was covered by a layer of light brown earth (App. 11). The finds connected with Wall III form Complexes 11-13, 17-18, 20-23, 27 and 34 (Fig. 14; Pl. 56: 4-13). Complex 34 contains the finds from the strip of stone rubble to x = 1m, while other complexes comprise the finds from the earthen layer. Complex 27 consists of the finds unearthed between x = 0 and 3m. Complexes 23 and 21 consist of the finds further up towards the top of the layer between x = 1 and 3m. Complex 11 comprises the finds excavated at x = 3.80m, but these do not include determinable pottery finds. The finds of Complex 18 were excavated in the lower part of the layer between x = 5 and 8m, while those from the upper part and between x = 5 and 7m form Complex 17. The lower part of the layer yielded further finds, those excavated around x = 6.70m form Complex 22 and those unearthed at x = 9m form Complex 20. Complex 13 contains the finds from the earthen layer between x = 8 and 9m, but these do not include determinable pottery finds. Complex 12 contains the finds excavated above those of the previous complex and between x = 6 and 10m. The finds of Complexes 14 and 28 are connected both with Wall III and the La Tene layer (Fig. 14; Pl. 56: 14-22). Complex 14 consists of finds from the layer of light brown earth and those from the dark brown layer above it, excavated between x = 3 and 6m. Complex 28 contains the finds from the debris of Wall III and those excavated above. 59 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS ZUNANJOST NASELBINE 20 m po pobočju navzdol, izven obzidja segajoč izkop sonde 6 je dal le omejene rezultate, saj je bila tu vse do x = -15 m ugotovljena recentna terasa (pril. 11).126 Najdbe, izkopane v tem delu sonde, tvorijo komplekse 64 (t. 58: 28, 29), 65, 66 in 67, ki pa jih tako kot najdbe iz humusa na pobočju, ki so bile zbrane v kompleksu 3, obravnavam kot nestratificirane in neopredeljive. NASIP K ZIDU I Deloma je bil za zidom I še odkrit svetlorjav ze-mljen nasip, ki pa je bil v nadaljevanju preoblikovan v recentno teraso (pril. 11). V zemljenem nasipu ob zunanji fronti zidu so bili opredeljeni kompleksi 52, 57 in 73, pri čemer vsebuje opredeljive kose keramike le kompleks 73. LATENSKE PLASTI Vse od x = -12 m pa do konca izkopa je bila na pobočju odkrita večja količina kamenja. Gre za več nivojev kamnitega tlaka, ki je bil do x = -15 m delno uničen z recentno teraso. Najdbe, pobrane med kamnitim tlakom, vsebujejo kompleksi 68-71, med katerimi vsebuje opredeljive kose keramike le kompleks 71. Ta vsebuje najdbe, pobrane v najspodnejšem tlaku pri x = -19 m. 2.3 SONDI NA ZAHODNEM DELU SONDA 1 Na zahodni strani gradišča, v severnem delu njegovega razširjenega spodnjega dela, je bila prvo leto raziskovanj stiškega naselja, leta 1967, izkopana sonda 1 (sl. 1). V njej so bili odkriti ostanki vseh treh halštatskih zidov (pril. 12).127 ZID I Zid I je bil postavljen na rumeno marmorizirano ilovnato mrtvico. Skromne ostanke zidu sta prekrivala žganina in drobno kamenje, kar kaže, da je bil zid I pred postavitvijo zidu II porušen skoraj do tal (pril. 12).128 Splanirane in vsaj delno odstranjene so bile tudi kulturne plasti za zidom. V notranjosti za zidom je bila 126 Frey 1994, 84; Frey, Gabrovec 1969, 14, op. 27 = Frey 1969a. 127 Gabrovec 1994, 100, pril. 22. 128 Gabrovec 1994, 100. LA TENE LAYER Excavations in Trench 6 revealed three stone blocks above Wall III, which represent the remains of a later construction unearthed in the layer of dark brown earth just under the topsoil. This layer yielded another group of stones that may represent the remains of the La Tene defensive wall (App. 11).125 The finds from the layer of dark brown earth form Complexes 5-10 and 15-16 (Fig. 14; Pls. 57, 58: 1-14). Complex 16 consists of the finds from the lower part of the layer and excavated between x = 0 and 4m, while those higher up form Complex 9. Complex 10 consists of the finds excavated between x = 4 and 6m, Complex 8 of those excavated above and between x = 4 and 7m. Complex 5 consists of the finds excavated above those of Complex 8 at x = 5.20m, but does not include determinable pottery finds. The finds excavated towards the top of the layer between x = 0 and 6m form Complex 15 and those further up form Complex 6. The finds excavated towards the top and between x = 6 and 10m form Complex 7. The finds excluded from the discussion are those of Complexes 29, which does not contain any finds and was probably never determined, of Complexes 5, 11, 13 and 36, which do not include determinable pottery finds, Complexes 1, 2 and 4, which contain unstratified and therefore undeterminable finds from the topsoil, and Complexes 58, 62 and 72 (Fig. 14; Pl. 58:15-27), which consist of the finds from the cross sections of unknown detailed locations within the respective cross sections. HILLFORT EXTERIOR The part of Trench 6 that revealed twenty metres of the slope outside the rampart gave only limited results, because of a modern terrace that reached to x = -15m (App. 11).126 The recovered finds form Complexes 64 (Pl. 58:28, 29), 65, 66 and 67, which are treated as unstratified and therefore undeterminable similarly as the finds unearthed in the topsoil along the slope that form Complex 3. EARTHWORK ASSOCIATED WITH WALL I The exterior part of the trench revealed part of a deposit of light brown earth, which was transformed into a modern terrace further down the slope (App. 11). The finds from the earthen deposit form Complexes 52, 57 and 73, of which only Complex 73 contains de-terminable pottery finds. 125 Frey 1994, 83 ff, Fig. 64; Frey 1969a, 11 ff. 126 Frey 1994, 85; Frey 1969a, 13, Anm. 27. 60 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS kompleks/Complex notranjost/Interior z/E zid/Wall 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 86 87 88 89 90 93 94 95 96 97 98 100 101 91 Lt • • • • • • • • III • • • • • • • • II • • • • • med / Between 1 - II • • O O • 1 • • • • • • Sl. 15: Korelacijska tabela zidov stiškega naselja in kompleksov sonde 1. Fig. 15: Correlation table of the defensive walls and the complexes of finds from Trench 1. tako ugotovljena le blaga poglobitev, ki je segala do x = 6 m in jo glede na situacijo v sondah na jugozahodnem delu naselja morda lahko povezujemo z ostanki hodnika za zidom.129 V poglobitvi je bila odkopana svetlorjava zemljena plast, v kateri so se pojavljale zaplate ožgane ilovice in hišnega ometa. Nekoliko temneje obarvani rjavi zemljeni plasti so nato proti notranjosti sonde lahko sledili vse do x = 11,40 m. S skromnimi ostanki zidu I povezujem najdbne komplekse 77, 78 in 80 (sl. 15; t. 59:1-7). Pri tem vsebuje kompleks 77 najdbe, pobrane ob kamnih notranje fronte zidu med x = 1,30 m in 2,30 m. Najdbe iz svetlo rjave zemljene plasti v poglobitvi za zidom vsebuje kompleks 78, ki je bil opredeljen med x = 2,5 m in 7 m. Do okoli x = 11,50 m ga nadaljuje kompleks 80, ki vsebuje najdbe iz rjave zemljene plasti v notranjem delu sonde. Z zidom I lahko vsaj delno povežem še kompleksa 81 in 82 (sl. 15; t. 59: 9), ki izhajata iz vrhnjega dela poglobitve za zidom in lahko vsebujeta tudi že najdbe iz žganinske plasti med zidom I in II. Kompleks 81 tako združuje najdbe, izkopane pri x = 3 m do 4 m, kompleks 82 pa pri x = 4 m do 5,5 m. LA TENE LAYERS From x = -12m to the edge of the trench, the slope revealed a large amount of stones. These constituted several levels of stone paving, partly destroyed between x = -12 and -15m by the modern terrace. The finds collected among the stones of the paving form Complexes 68-71. Of those, only Complex 71 contains determinable pottery finds, collected in the lowest paving at x = -19m. 2.3 TRENCHES IN THE RAMPART'S WESTERN SECTION TRENCH 1 Trench 1 was excavated in the first year of the investigations at Stična, in 1967, and located in the western section of the rampart, more precisely in the north part of the wider lower part (Fig. 1). The trench revealed the remains of all three Hallstatt ramparts (App. 12).127 MED ZIDOM I IN II Tako samo ruševino zidu I kot tudi zemljeno plast v poglobitvi za samim zidom je prekrival sloj žganine, ki so mu s posameznimi prekinitvami lahko sledili vse do x = 10 m. Kot npr. v sondah 6, 12-13, 16 in 17 gre za pogoriščne ostanke lesenih objektov postavljenih med zidom I in II (pril. 12).130 Najverjetneje sta s pogoriščem med zidom I in II povezana le kompleksa 98 in 101 (sl. 15; t. 59: 8). Oba vsebujeta najdbe, pobrane v žganini med kamni zidu I in II pri x = 0 m do 3 m, pri čemer je bil kompleks 98 opredeljen nekoliko višje kot kompleks 101. Preostale najdbe iz žganine med zidom I in II so bile pridružene bodisi najdbam iz plasti za zidom I (kompleksa 81 in 82), lahko pa so združene tudi z najdbami iz plasti za zidom II v okviru kompleksov 84 in 86 (sl. 15; t. 59:12, 14). 129 Svoljšak 1994, 90 ss, sl. 89. 130 Gabrovec 1994, 100, sl. 96: a. WALL I Wall I was constructed on the yellow marmorised loam. Very little of it survived and was covered by a layer of burnt material and small stone rubble, indicating that Wall I was almost completely torn down before the construction ofWall II (App. 12).128 The cultural layers behind the rampart were either levelled or partially removed with only a slight depression documented, stretching to x = 6m. By comparing the situation in the south-western trenches, this depression may be interpreted as part of the corridor behind the wall.129 The depression was filled with light brown earth with patches of burnt loam and house daub. A strip of slightly darker brown earth was followed towards the interior of the trench to x = 11.40m. The finds connected with the remains of Wall I form Complexes 77, 78 and 80 (Fig. 15; Pl. 59: 1-7). 127 Gabrovec 1994, 101, App. 22. 128 Gabrovec 1994, 103. 129 Svoljsak 1994, 93, Fig. 89. 61 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS ZID II Med x = 3 m do 6 m je bil nad žganinsko plastjo odkrit pas grušča, ki je bil odložen ob izgradnji zidu II. Odkrit je bil neposredno nad ruševino zidu I ali nad njo ležečo žganinsko plastjo med zidom I in II. V notranjosti za zidom je bila nad žganinsko plastjo odkrita še sivkasta kulturna plast, ki pa je bila v veliki meri splanirana (pril. 12).131 Gre za kulturno plast za zidom II, ki je prekrivala tudi ob gradnji zidu odložen pas grušča in je segala vse do x = 11,40 m. Tu je bila presekana z mlajšim vkopom. Z zidom II so povezani kompleksi 79, 83-84 in 86 (sl. 15; t. 59:10,11,13). Najdbe iz pasu grušča in sivkaste kulturne plasti tik za notranjo fronto zidu pri x = 3 m do 4 m vsebuje kompleks 83. Iz pasu grušča pri x = 4 m do 5,50 m izhaja kompleks 79, najdbe iz sivkaste kulturne plasti nad njim pa so združene v kompleksu 84. Ta je bil opredeljen med x = 4 m in 8 m in se vse do x = 11 m nadaljuje v kompleks 86. ZID III IN LATENSKE PLASTI Notranja fronta nad ruševinami zidu II, postavljenega ob zid III, je bila delno vkopana v sivkasto kulturno plast k zidu II in je ležala pri x = 4 m. Za njo proti notranjosti sonde je bila odkrita rjava zemljena plast, ki so jo vse do humusa težko ločevali. Ze v njenem spodnjem delu so se od x = 4 m pa do konca izkopnega polja pojavljali pasovi grušča in posamezni večji kamni, ki jih je izkopavalec povezal z latenskimi ruševinami (pril. 12).132 Prav tako je z latenskim obdobjem povezal pri x = 11,40 m do 13 m vkopano jamo, ki pa je lahko tudi starejša in sodi k zidu III. V rumenkasto mrtvico vkopana jama je namreč presekala tudi sivkasto kulturno plast k zidu II, ki od x = 13 m pa do konca izkopa pri x = 16 m ni bila odkrita.133. V tem delu je bila tik nad rumeno marmorizirano ilovnato mrtvico odkrita rjava zemljena plast, ki je prekrivala tudi samo jamo. Z zidom III sta povezana kompleksa 88 in 89 (sl. 15; t. 59: 15-18). Kompleks 89 vsebuje najdbe iz jame pri x = 11,40 m do 13 m. Ob robu jame je bila tik nad mrtvico pri x = 13,50 m odkrita še skupina kamnov, med katerimi so bile pobrane najdbe kompleksa 88. Iz rjave zemljene plasti s pasovi grušča in posameznimi večjimi kamni, ki jo povezujemo tako z zidom III kot tudi z latenskim obdobjem, izhajajo kompleksi 87, 94-97 in 100 (sl. 15; t. 60, 61, 62: 1, 2). Kompleks 97 vsebuje najdbe iz spodnjega dela plasti, tik nad ruševinami zidu II in III pri x = 2 m do 8 m. Nad njim sta bila opredeljena pri x = 0 m do 6 m kompleks 96 in pri 131 Gabrovec 1994, 100 ss, pril. 22. 132 Gabrovec 1994, 102. 133 Gabrovec 1994, 102, pril. 21. Severni profil ni bil objavljen v celoti, saj se stratigrafija odkritih plasti od x = 13 m do x = 16 m ni spremenila. Complex 77 contains the finds collected along the stones of the interior face of the wall between x = 1.30 and 2.30m. Complex 78 consists of the finds recovered between x = 2.5 and 7 and the light brown earthen filling of the depression. The darker earthen layer revealed, up to around x = 11.50m, the finds forming Complex 80. Wall I can in part also be connected with Complexes 81 and 82 (Fig. 15; Pl. 59: 9), the finds of which were excavated in the upper part of the depression, but may also include the finds from the layer of burnt material between Walls I and II. Complex 81 consists of the finds excavated between x = 3 and 4m, while Complex 82 of those found between x = 4 and 5.5m. BETWEEN WALLS I AND II Both the debris of Wall I and the earthen fill of the depression were covered by a layer of burnt remains that could be traced, with interruptions, to x = 10m. Similarly as in Trenches 6, 12-13, 16 and 17, these remains represent wooden buildings constructed in the time between Walls I and II (App. 12).130 The finds believed to be connected with the burnt remains form Complexes 98 and 101 (Fig. 15; Pl. 59: 8). Both contain the finds collected among the stones of Walls I and II within the layer of burnt material between x = 0 and 3m, with those of Complex 98 excavated higher than those of Complex 101. The layer of burnt material revealed several other finds, but these were included either in Complexes 81 and 82 of the finds from the layers behind Wall I, or in Complexes 84 and 86 of the finds from the layers behind Wall II (Fig. 15; Pl. 59:12, 14). WALL II Above the layer of burnt material, excavations revealed a strip of stone rubble between x = 3 and 6m, which was deposited during the construction of Wall II. The remains of this second rampart were unearthed either directly above the debris of Wall I or above the layer of burnt material between Walls I and II. Also above the layer of burnt material in the interior, a greyish cultural layer was unearthed that was largely levelled (App. 12).131 It is the cultural layer associated with Wall II, which also covered the strip of rubble connected with the construction of the said rampart and stretched to x = 11.40m, where it was interrupted with a later cut. The finds associated with Wall II form Complexes 79, 83-84 and 86 (Fig. 15; Pl. 59:10,11,13). Complex 83 contains the finds from the strip of rubble and the cultural layer between x = 3 and 4m. Complex 79 consists of the finds from the strip of rubble between x = 4 and 5.50m. 130 Gabrovec 1994, 103, Fig. 96: a. 131 Gabrovec 1994, 103, App. 22. 62 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS x = 6 m do 8 m kompleks 94. Med x = 8 m in 13 m je bil v rjavi zemljeni plasti nad sivkasto kulturno plastjo k zidu II in jamo k zidu III opredeljen kompleks 87. Pri tem so bile najdbe, pobrane pri x = 9,50 m, izločene kot kompleks 85, ki je bil kasneje pridružen kompleksu 100. Od kompleksa 87 nekoliko višje opredeljen kompleks 100 tako izhaja iz rjave plasti pri x = 9,50 m do 12 m. Najdbe iz rjave plasti nad mrtvico pri x = 13 m do 16 m vsebuje kompleks 95. Z latenskim obdobjem lahko povežem kompleksa 90 in 93 (sl. 15; t. 62:3-8), ki vsebujeta najdbe iz povsem vrhnjega dela rjave zemljene plasti tik pod humusom. Pri tem je bil kompleks 90 opredeljen pri x = 10 m do 11,50 m, kompleks 93 pa pri x = 4 m do 8 m. Poleg kompleksa 85, ki je bil pridružen kompleksu 100 in ga danes ne moremo več rekonstruirati, sta izpuščena kompleksa 92 in 99. Kompleks 92 vsebuje nestratificirane in s tem tudi neopredeljive najdbe iz humusne plasti tako iz notranjega kot tudi zunanjega dela sonde 1, kompleks 99 pa združuje vse najdbe (t. 62: 9 - 13), pobrane pri čiščenju profilov, ki jih ne moremo več natančneje locirati. NASIP K ZIDU II Na pobočju izven obzidja je rumeno mrtvico prekrivala tanka rjavkasta plast nekdanje površine z lisami žganine, ki jo povezujemo še z zidom I. Nad njo je bilo nato izkopano do 0,60 m debelo nehomogeno zemljeno nasutje ob zidu II (pril. 12).134 Najdbe iz plasti nekdanje površine za zidom I in nasipa k zidu II vsebuje kompleks 91. SONDA 2 V severozahodnem delu naselja je bila že leta 1967 izkopana sonda 2, v kateri so bili odkriti le ostanki zidu II. Raziskovanje v sondi 2 se je nadaljevalo leta 1968, ko je bil dokončan izkop na pobočju izven obzidja med x = -4 m in -12 m (sl. 1; pril. 13).135 ZID I Čeprav je bilo v preliminarnih poročilih navedeno, da so bili v sondi odkriti ostanki zidu I136, je analiza terenskih izvidov ob zaključku naselbinskih izkopavanj v Stični pokazala, da je bil tu identificiran le zid II. Za razliko od ruševin zidu I, ki je bil najverjetneje povsem odstranjen že pred izgradnjo zidu II, pa je bil v sondi 134 Gabrovec 1994, 100 ss, pril. 22. 135 Gabrovec 1994, 104, op. 1. 136 Gabrovec 1976a, 84; isti 1967b, 31; Gabrovec, Frey, Foltiny 1969, 188, op. 51 = isti 1970. Complex 84 comprises the finds from the greyish cultural layer above the strip between x = 4 and 8m, while the finds from the same layer to x = 11m form Complex 86. WALL III AND LA TENE LAYER The interior face of Wall III stood above the debris of Wall II, but was also partly dug into the greyish cultural layer associated with the earlier wall at x = 4m because the third rampart was slightly thicker than the second one. Behind Wall III, excavations revealed a layer of brown earth under the topsoil. The layer was only traced with difficulty because it contained, already in the lower part and from x = 4m to the edge of the trench, strips of stone rubble and individual large stones, which the excavator interpreted as La Tene debris (App. 12).132 Also attributed to the La Tene period was a pit dug between x = 11.40 and 13m. However, this pit could also be of an earlier date and may be associated with Wall III; it was dug into the yellowish marmorised loam and also cut the greyish cultural layer associated with Wall II, which was absent between x = 13m and the edge of the trench at x = 16m.133 In this part, i.e. between x = 13 and 16m, the yellowish marmorised loam was covered by a layer of brown earth that also covered the pit. The finds associated with Wall III form Complexes 88 and 89 (Fig. 15; Pl. 59:15-18). The latter contains the finds from the pit between x = 11.40 and 13m, while the former comprises the finds collected among the stones at the edge of the pit just above the marmorised loam at x = 13.50m. The finds unearthed in the layer of brown earth with strips of rubble and individual large stones, attributed both to the time of Wall III and to the La Tene period, form Complexes 87, 94-97 and 100 (Fig. 15; Pls. 60, 61, 62:1,2). Complex 97 contains the finds from the lower part of the layer just above the debris of Walls II and III between x = 2 and 8m. The finds above that form Complexes 96 and 94, the first those unearthed between x = 0 and 6m and the second those found between x = 6 and 8m. Complex 87 consists of the finds unearthed between x = 8 and 13 and the brown earthen layer above the greyish cultural layer associated with Wall II and above the pit associated with Wall III. Of those, the finds collected at x = 9.50m were set apart to form Complex 85, which was later included into Complex 100. Complex 100, of finds unearthed slightly higher up in comparison to those of Complex 87, thus consists of the finds from the layer of brown earth between x = 9.50 and 12m. 132 Gabrovec 1994, 103 ff. 133 Gabrovec 1994, 103 ff, App. 21. The north cross section is not published in its compete length because the stratigraphy of the layers unearthed between x = 13 and x = 16m shows the same picture. 63 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS kompleks/Complex notranjost/Interior zun. / Exter. zid/Wall 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 74 75 76 95 96 Lt III II 1 • • • O • O • • • o o • • • • • • • • Sl. 16: Korelacijska tabela zidov stiškega naselja in kompleksov sonde 2. Fig. 16: Correlation table of the defensive walls and the complexes of finds from Trench 2. odkrit del bržkone zidu I pripadajoče kulturne plasti. Gre za okrog 0,50 m debelo rjavo zemljeno plast, ki je med x = 8 m in 12 m ležala vrh rumene marmorizirane mrtvice (pril. 13).137 Iz najspodnejšega dela zidu I pripadajoče kulturne plasti med x = 8 m in 12 m izhaja kompleks 62. Proti vrhu rjave zemljene plasti sta mu nato sledila kompleksa 63 in 64 (sl. 16; t. 63:1-12; 64:1-8). Najdbe iz povsem vrhnjega dela kulturne plasti k zidu I vsebuje še kompleks 65. Ker ta vsebuje tudi najdbe iz nad njo odkrite sivorjave plasti, ga povezujem tako z zidom I kot II (sl. 16; t. 63: 13, 14). ZID II IN III Zid II je bil postavljen na sivkasto ilovnato plast, pomešano z drobci oglja, ki je bila nad rumeno marmo-rizirano ilovnato mrtvico odkrita vse od zunanje fronte zidu pa do x = 5 m. Pri x = 4 m je bila sivkasta plast presekana z vkopom za notranjo fronto zidu. Med x = 5 m in 8 m je bila nato odkrita v mrtvico vkopana jama, zapolnjena z ruševinami, ki skupaj s sivo ilovnato plastjo pod kamni zidu II kaže na obstoj zidu I tudi na območju izkopa sonde 2. Jamo, vkopano tik pred izgradnjo zidu II, je prekrivala sivorjava kulturna plast, ki ji v objavljenem profilu lahko sledimo od x = 7 m do konca izkopa pri x = 12 m (pril. 13).138 Čeprav ostanki najmlajšega halštatskega zidu v sondi niso bili odkriti, je iz terenske dokumentacije razvidno, da lahko z zidom III morda povezujemo vrhnji del sivorjave kulturne plasti. Sivorjava kulturna plast za zidom II je bila namreč pri x = 9 m do 12 m s pasom kamnitega drobirja razčlenjena v dva sloja. Gornji sloj je na vrhu zaključeval nov pas drobirja, nad katerim je bila odkrita že latenska plast (pril. 13).139 Z zidom II povezujem kompleksa 66 in 67, ki vsebujeta najdbe iz spodnjega dela sivorjave kulturne 137 Gabrovec 1994, 104 ss. 138 Gabrovec 1994, 104 ss. 139 Gabrovec 1994, 106. Complex 95 comprises the finds from the brown layer above the marmorised loam between x = 13 and 16m. The finds attributable to the La Tene period form Complexes 90 and 93 (Fig. 15; Pl. 62:3-8). Both contain the finds from the top part of the brown earthen layer under the topsoil; the former those found between x = 10 and 11.50m, and the latter those found between x = 4 and 8m. The finds excluded from the discussion are those of Complexes 85, 92 and 99. Complex 85 was included into Complex 100 and its original contents can today no longer be reconstructed, Complex 92 contains unstrati-fied and thus undeterminable finds from the topsoil in the interior and exterior parts of Trench 1, while Complex 99 comprises the finds collected during the cleaning of the cross sections, the exact locations of which can no longer be determined (Pl. 62: 9 - 13). EARTHWORK ASSOCIATED WITH WALL II The yellowish marmorised loam on the slope outside the rampart was covered by a thin brown layer of a ground surface with patches of burnt material that can be associated with Wall I. This was in turn covered with a brown and up to 0.60m thick earthwork associated with Wall II, ofinhomogeneous consistency (App. 12).134 The finds from the brown layer and the earthwork associated with Wall II form Complex 91. TRENCH 2 Trench 2 in the north-western section of the rampart was first excavated in 1967 and only revealed the remains of Wall II. Investigations continued the following year, when the trench was extended between x = -4 and -12m onto the slope outside the hillfort (Fig. 1; App. 13).135 WALL I Though the preliminary report states that remains of Wall I were found in Trench 2,136 the subsequent analysis of the field documentation performed at the end of the excavations at Stična revealed that only Wall 11 was identified in this trench. The debris of Wall I is believed to have been completely removed prior to the construction of Wall II. However, the trench probably revealed the cultural layer associated with Wall I, a roughly 0.50m thick layer of brown earth 134 Gabrovec 1994, 103, App. 22. 135 Gabrovec 1994, 105, Fn. 1. 136 Gabrovec 1976a, 84; Gabrovec 1967b, 31; Gabrovec, Frey, Foltiny 1970, 24, Anm. 51. 64 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS plasti (sl. 16; t. 64: 9-13; 65:1, 2). Kompleks 66 vsebuje najdbe iz spodnjega dela omenjene plasti pri x = 8 m do 12 m, kompleks 67 pa je bil opredeljen nad kompleksom 66 pri x = 10,30 m. Najverjetneje gre z zidom II povezovati tudi kompleksa 74 in 75 (sl. 16; t. 65: 3-9), ki sta bila opredeljena med x = 4 m in 8 m. Kompleks 74 namreč vsebuje najdbe iz jame, nekoliko starejše od samega zidu II, ter spodnjega dela sivkaste ruševinske plasti nad njo, kompleks 75 pa najdbe iz bolj rjavkasto obarvanega dela omenjene ruševinske plasti. Ker ostanki najmlajšega halštatskega zidu v sondi niso bili odkriti, temelji povezovanje gornjega sloja sivorjave zemljene plasti z zidom III zgolj na analizi terenskih izvidov in najdb v preostalih sondah. Iz tega dela plasti izhajata kompleksa 68 in 71, ki sta bila opredeljena pri x = 8 m do 12 m, pri čemer je bil kompleks 71 opredeljen nad kompleksom 68 (sl. 16; t. 65:10-13). Deloma vsebuje najdbe iz vrhnjega dela sivorjave plasti med x = 8 m in 12 m še kompleks 69. Ker ta združuje tudi najdbe iz vrhnjega pasu drobirja in sivkaste plasti nad njim, ga povezujem tako z zidom III kot tudi z latenskim obdobjem (sl. 16; t. 65:14, 15). LATENSKE PLASTI Nad vrhnjim pasom drobirja, ki je prekrival sivo rjavo zemljeno plast, je bila odkrita latenska plast. Gre za sivkasto plast, v kateri je ležala vrsta kamnov, s strani izkopavalca interpretirana kot možni ostanki hišne arhitekture (pril. 13).140 Latenska sivkasta plast je odkrita vse do x = 12 m do 7,50 m, kjer jo je presekal mlajši vkop. Ta je bil zapolnjen z rumenorjavim zemljenim polnilom, pomešanim s kamenjem, ki ga ni bilo moč povsem ločevati od rumenorjave zemljene plasti tik pod humusom, v kateri se latenski ostanki mešajo z novodobnimi (pril. 13).141 Iz latenske plasti pri x = 8 m do 12 m izhaja kompleks 70 ter nad njim opredeljen kompleks 72 (sl. 16; t. 66:1-7). NASIP K ZIDU II IN III Da je tudi v sondi 2 imel obrambni sistem več faz, kaže mogočen, nehomogen zemljen nasip na zunanjem pobočju. Na rumeni marmorizirani ilovnati mrtvici je ležal pas kamnitega drobirja, ki je segal vse od kamnov zunanje fronte zidu do okrog x = -4 m. Nad njim je bilo odkrito svetlorjavo zemljeno nasutje, ki je bilo na vrhu temnejše barve in je sprva segalo do x = -1 m. Kasneje je bil nasip povišan in podaljšan, tako da je segal vse do x = -4 m, kjer ga je zamejevala vrsta kamnov. V vrhnjem 140 Gabrovec 1994, 106. 141 Gabrovec 1994, 106. that covered the marmorised loam between x = 8 and 12m (App. 13).137 The finds from the bottom part of the cultural layer from the phase of Wall I between x = 8 and 12m form Complex 62. The finds further up form Complexes 63 and 64 (Fig. 16; Pls. 63:1-12; 64:1-8). The finds from the top part of the cultural layer form Complex 65, which also includes the finds from the grey-brown layer above and can therefore be associated both with Walls I and II (Fig. 16; Pl. 63:13, 14). WALLS II AND III Wall II was built on top of a layer of greyish loam mixed with bits of charcoal, which covered the yellowish marmorised loam from the exterior face of the wall to x = 5m. At x = 4m, the layer of greyish loam was interrupted by a cut for the interior face of the wall. A pit was dug into the marmorised loam between x = 5 and 8m; it was filled with debris that together with the grey loamy layer under the stones of Wall II point to the existence of Wall I in Trench 2. The pit was dug just before the construction of Wall II and was covered by a grey-brown cultural layer that can be traced in the published cross section from x = 7m to the edge of the trench at x = 12m (App. 13).138 The trench revealed no remains of Wall III, but field documentation shows that the upper part of the grey-brown cultural layer can be brought into connection with Wall III, because the part of the layer behind Wall II was subdivided into two layers between x = 9 and 12m with a strip of small stone rubble. The upper part was covered by another such strip, which was in turn covered by a layer attributed to the La Tene period (App. 13).139 The finds associated with Wall II form Complexes 66 and 67 (Fig. 16; Pls. 64: 9-13; 65:1, 2). Both contain the finds from the lower part of the grey-brown cultural layer; Complex 66 those found between x = 8 and 12m, Complex 67 those excavated higher up at x = 10.30m. Most probably also connected with Wall II are the finds forming Complexes 74 and 75 (Fig. 16; Pl. 65:3-9), excavated between x = 4 and 8m. Complex 74 contains the finds from the pit that is of a slightly earlier date than the rampart and from the greyish layer of debris above the pit, while Complex 75 consists of the finds from the brownish part of the same layer of debris. In view of the absence of physical remains of the last Hallstatt wall, the connection of the upper part of the grey-brown cultural layer and Wall III is based solely on the analysis of the field documentation and the finds from other trenches. The finds unearthed in this part form Complexes 68 and 71 (Fig. 16; Pl. 65:10-13), 137 Gabrovec 1994, 105 ff. 138 Gabrovec 1994, 107. 139 Gabrovec 1994, 107. 65 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS delu je nasutina temnejše barve, kar kaže, da je bila nasip v povečanem obsegu dalj časa izpostavljen, tako da se je na njegovem vrhu že začel tvoriti humus. Nad nasipom, povišanim do vrste kamnov pri x = -4 m, je ležala ruševina, ki jo je izkopavalec tako kot sam nasip pripisal zidu II (pril. 13).142 Nad ruševino zidu II je bilo odkrito še eno svetlor-javo zemljeno nasutje, ki je segalo vse do x = -8 m. Tu je bil domnevno zidu III pripadajoč nasip zamejen z novo vrsto kamnov (pril. 13).143 Iz nasipa izhaja kompleks 76 (sl. 16), ki vsebuje leta 1967 izkopane najdbe do vrste kamnov pri x = -4 m. LATENSKE PLASTI Nad svetlorjavo zemljeno nasutino k zidu III je bil od x = -4 m do konca izkopa pri x = 17 m144 odkrit kamniti tlak, ki ga je bilo mestoma moč ločevati v dva sloja (pril. 13).145 Iz kamnitega tlaka izhajata leta 1968 izkopana in opredeljena kompleksa 95 in 96 (sl. 16; t. 66: 22-23). Kompleks 95 vsebuje najdbe iz spodnjega dela tlaka od x = -8 m do -12 m. Preostale najdbe, ki so bile izkopane med kamnitim tlakom vse od x = -4 m do konca izkopa, združuje kompleks 96. Iz nadaljnje obravnave sta izpuščena kompleksa 73 in 97 (t. 66: 8-21). Leta 1967 izkopan kompleks 73 vsebuje nestratificirane in s tem tudi neopredeljive najdbe iz humusne plasti tako iz notranjega kot tudi zunanjega dela sonde 2. Kompleks 97 vsebuje leta 1968 pri čiščenju severnega profila pobrane najdbe, ki nimajo znane točne lege v samem profilu. 2.4 SONDI NA VZHODNEM DELU SONDA 5 Leta 1968 je bila na vzhodni strani gradišča izkopana sonda 5, v kateri so bili odkriti ostanki vseh treh halštatskih zidov (sl. 1; pril. 14).146 ZID I Najstarejši zid je bil postavljen neposredno na rumeno marmorizirano ilovnato mrtvico. Pri tem je zunanja fronta zidu slonela na živi skali, notranja fronta 142 Gabrovec 1994, 104 ss, sl. 98. 143 Gabrovec 1994, 104 ss, 148. 144 Za razliko od v celoti izrisanega, neobjavljenega tlorisa kamnitega tlaka na zunanjem pobočju sta bila tako južni kot tudi objavljeni severni profil izrisana le do x = -12 m. 145 Gabrovec 1994, 106, sl. 99. 146 Gabrovec 1994, 108. determined one on top of the other (Complex 71 above) between x = 8 and 12m. Part of the finds from the upper part of the grey-brown layer between x = 8 and 12m also forms Complex 69. Because this complex also consists of the finds from the upper strip of small stone pieces and the greyish layer above, it can be attributed either to phase of Wall III and the La Tene period (Fig. 16; Pl. 65:14, 15). LA TENE LAYER The upper strip of small stones pieces was covered by a greyish layer datable to the La Tene period. It contained a row of stones, interpreted by the excavator as the possible remains of a house (App. 13).140 The greyish La Tene layer was traced from x = 12 to 7.50m, where it was interrupted by a later cut with a yellow-brown fill mixed with stones. The fill was not clearly distinguishable from the yellow-brown layer just under the topsoil, in which La Tene remains were mixed with modern ones (App. 13).141 The finds from the La Tene layer excavated between x = 8 and 12m form Complex 70 and those above form Complex 72 (Fig. 16; Pl. 66:1-7). EARTHWORK ASSOCIATED WITH WALLS II AND III The existence of several rampart phases in confirmed in the exterior part of Trench 2 by a thick inho-mogeneous deposit of earth on the slope. Found on top of the yellow marmorised loam was a strip of small stone rubble that reached from the exterior face to around x = -4m. This was overlain by a deposit of light brown earth that became darker towards the top and initially reached to x = -1m. Later, this earthwork was raised and extended, reaching to x = -4m, where it was ended at a row of stones. The darker colour in the upper part shows that the deposit was exposed for a longer period of time, during which humus began forming at the top. The deposit that was raised to reach the row of stones at x = -4m was covered by debris, ascribed by the excavator to Wall II together with the deposit itself (App. 13).142 The debris of Wall II was covered by another deposit of light brown earth that reached to x = -8m. It is presumed that the earthwork associated with Wall III ended here at a new row of stones (App. 13).143 The finds excavated in 1967 in the earthwork to the row of stones at x = -4m form Complex 76 (Fig. 16). 140 Gabrovec 1994, 107. 141 Gabrovec 1994, 107. 142 Gabrovec 1994, 105 ff, Fig. 98. 143 Gabrovec 1994, 105 ff, 149 ff. 66 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS kompleks /Complex zid/Wall 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 98 99 100101 102 103 104 plast/ Layerb Lt plast/Layer a • • • • • III • • • II • • 1 • kompleks/Complex zid / Wall 105 106107 108 109110 111 112 116 117 118 121 122 126 plast/ Layerb Lt plast/Layer a • • • • • • O • III • • • • • • II O I • Sl. 17: Korelacijska tabela zidov stiškega naselja in kompleksov iz notranjega dela sonde 5. Fig. 17: Correlation table of the defensive walls and the complexes of finds from the interior part of Trench 5. pa je bila rahlo vkopana v mrtvico (pril. 14).147 Mrtvica ob izgradnji zidu I očitno ni bila poravnana, saj je bilo v njej dokumentiranih več manjših poglobitev. Izkopa-valec tako navaja, da je bila starejša halštatska plast, to je svetlorjava zemljena plast, ki ji na objavljenem profilu lahko sledimo od x = 3,40 m do 7,50 m, v spodnjem delu na šestih mestih plitve poglobitve naravnih tal.148 Iz pregleda celotne dokumentacije je razvidno, da je bilo odkritih le pet poglobitev, poimenovanih vkopi 1 do 5, od kateri so pri t. i. vkopu 1 lahko razločili dva sloja polnila. Z zidom I povezujem komplekse 98-103 in 116 (sl. 17; t. 67, 68: 1-4). Medtem ko vsebuje kompleks 116 najdbe, pobrane med kamni zidu, izhajajo preostali kompleksi iz ostankov najstarejše kulturne plasti, izkopane v poglobitvah v mrtvico. Iz spodnjega dela vkopa 1, pri x = 8,80 m do 9,30 m, y = 0 m do 1,50 m, tako izhaja kompleks 98, iz zgornjega pa kompleks 103. Najdbe, odkrite v vkopu 2 pri x = 7,70 m do 8,70 m, y = 0,70 m do 1,70 m, vsebuje kompleks 99, iz vkopa 3 pri x = 4,20 m do 6 m, y = 1,50 m do 2,90 m kompleks 100, iz vkopa 4 pri x = 6,35 m do 7 m, y = 6,35 m do 7 m, y = 1,50 m do 3 m kompleks 102 ter iz vkopa 5 pri x = 5,50 m do 6,60 m, y = 0 m do 1,50 m kompleks 101. 147 Gabrovec 1994, 108. 148 Gabrovec 1994, 110. LA TENE LAYERS Excavated from x = -4m to the edge of the trench at x = 17m144 and above the light brown earthwork associated with Wall III was a stone paving, which could in places be separated into two layers (App. 13).145 The finds excavated in 1968 within the stone paving form Complexes 95 and 96 (Fig. 16; Pl. 66: 22-23); the first contains the finds from the lower part of the paving between x = -8 and -12m, the second consists of the remaining finds excavated in the stone paving from x = -4m to the end of the trench. The finds excluded from the discussion are those of Complexes 73 and 97 (Pl. 66: 8-21). The first was excavated in 1967 and contains unstratified and thus undeterminable finds from the topsoil, both from the exterior and the interior parts of the trench, while the second consists of the finds collected in 1968 while cleaning the north cross section without noting their exact locations within the cross sections. 2.4 TRENCHES IN THE RAMPART'S EASTERN SECTION TRENCH 5 This trench was excavated in 1968 in the east section of the rampart and revealed the remains of all three Hallstatt defensive walls (Fig. 1; App. 14).146 WALL I The earliest defensive wall was built directly onto the yellow marmorised loam, with the exterior face sitting on the bedrock and the interior face dug into the loam (App. 14).147 The loam was apparently not levelled for the construction of Wall I, as revealed by the small depressions documented there. The excavation report states that the earliest Hallstatt layer, i.e. the layer of light brown earth, traceable in the published cross section between x = 3.40 and 7.50m, was documented at slightly greater depths in six places.148 The overview of the whole documentation later revealed that only five such depressions were excavated, named Cuts 1 - 5, of which Cut 1 revealed two layers of the fill. 144 The unpublished plan of the stone paving on the slopes outside the hillfort was drawn in its entirety, while the south and the published north cross section were only drawn to x = -12 m. 145 Gabrovec 1994, 107, Fig. 99. 146 Gabrovec 1994, 109. 147 Gabrovec 1994, 109. 148 Gabrovec 1994, 111. 67 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS ZID II Ob izgradnji zidu II, ki je povsem prekrival zid I, je bila delno splanirana kulturna plast k starejšemu zidu. V to splanirano kulturno plast so bili vkopani kamni notranje fronte zidu II, katerega zunanja fronta je bila postavljena tik za živo skalo, na kateri je slonel zid I (pril. 14).149 Zidu II pripadajoča kulturna plast ni bila ugotovljena, saj je bila ob izgradnji zidu III najverjetneje povsem odstranjena.150 Bržkone lahko z zidom II povežem le kompleks 121 (sl. 17), ki vsebuje najdbe, pobrane med kamni zidu od x = 1 m do 5 m. ZID III Od zidu III sta bili ugotovljena tako zunanja kot tudi notranja fronta. Slednja je bila pri x = 5 m vkopana še v ostanke kulturne plasti za zidom I, kar kaže na to, da so bile ob izgradnji zidu III odstranjene kulturne plasti za zidom II (pril. 14).151 V notranjosti za zidom III so bili tako neposredno nad ostanki kulturne plasti k zidu I odkriti ruševinski ostanki mladohalštatske hiše. Temeljni kamni zahodnega zidu hiše so ležali pri x = 13,50 m, ostanke vzhodnega zidu pa najverjetneje predstavljajo kamni pri x = 6,60 m do 7,50 m. K hišni konstrukciji sodi še pri x = 10 m do 10,50 m v mrtvico vkopana jama za stojko. Med ostanki hišnih zidov je bila odkrita intenzivna žganina in sežgan tlak, kar kaže na to, da je bila hiša uničena ob požigu.152 Od zahodnega zidu hiše do konca izkopa pri x = 20,50 m je bila tik nad rumeno marmorizirano ilovnato mrtvico izkopana svetlorjava zemljena plast (pril. 14). Gre za halštatsko kulturno plast, ki je ni bilo moč natančneje ločevati in je tako ne moremo povezovati s posameznim halštatskim zidom. Z zidom III povezujem komplekse 104, 106, 109-110, 118 in 122 (sl. 17; t. 68: 5-15; 69:1-5). Pri tem vsebuje kompleks 118 najdbe, pobrane ob notranjem licu zidu III, preostali kompleksi pa izhajajo iz hiše. Iz spodnjega dela žganinskih ostankov hiše od ostankov vzhodnega zidu do x = 10 m izhaja kompleks 104. Nad njim je bil med x = 8 m in 12 m opredeljen kompleks 106, pri čemer so bile najdbe, pobrane na samem vrhu ruševin pri x = 10 m, združene v kompleks 122. Med x = 12 m in zahodno steno hiše je bil opredeljen kompleks 109, nad katerim izhaja še kompleks 110. Med x = 12 m in 16 m je bil nato opredeljen še kompleks 110, ki vsebuje predvsem najdbe, pobrane v vrhnjem delu ruševin ob zahodnem zidu hiše. V tem delu je bila ob čiščenju 149 Gabrovec 1994, 108. 150 Gabrovec 1994, 110. 151 Gabrovec 1994, 110. 152 Gabrovec 1994, 110. The finds associated with Wall I form Complexes 98-103 and 116 (Fig. 17; Pls. 67, 68:1-4). Complex 116 contains the finds collected among the stones of the wall, while all other complexes comprise the finds from the remains of the earliest cultural layer excavated in the depressions in the marmorised loam. The lower part of Cut 1, between x = 8.80 and 9.30m, y = 0 and 1.50m, yielded the finds of Complex 98, the upper part yielded Complex 103. The finds from Cut 2 between x = 7.70 and 8.70m, y = 0.70 and 1.70m, form Complex 99. The finds from Cut 3 between x = 4.20 and 6m, y = 1.50 and 2.90m, form Complex 100. The finds from Cut 4 between x = 6.35 and 7m, x = 6.35 and 7m, y = 1.50 and 3m form Complex 102, while those from Depression 5 between x = 5.50 and 6.60m, y = 0 and 1.50m form Complex 101. WALL II The construction of Wall II, which completely covered the earlier rampart, also involved levelling the cultural layer associated with the earlier wall. The stones of the interior face of Wall II were then dug into this levelled layer, while the exterior face was built just behind the outcrop of the bedrock onto which Wall I was built (App. 14).149 The cultural layer associated with Wall II was not established and was most probably completely removed during the construction of Wall III.150 The only finds that might be connected with Wall II are those collected among the stones of the wall between x = 1 and 5m, forming Complex 121 (Fig. 17). WALL III Both the interior and the exterior face of Wall III have survived. The exterior face was, at x = 5m, dug into the remains of the cultural layer associated with Wall I, which indicates that the construction of the last Hallstatt wall involved the removal of the cultural layer associated with Wall II (App. 14).151 In the interior, behind Wall III, the debris of a Late Hallstatt house were found just above the remains of the cultural layer associated with Wall I. The foundations of the house's west wall lay at x = 13.50m, while the stones located between x = 6.60 and 7.50m probably represent the remains of the east wall. Also forming part of the house construction is a post hole dug into the mar-morised loam between x = 10 and 10.50m. Between the remains of the walls, excavations revealed a dense layer 137 Gabrovec 1994, 104 ss. 138 Gabrovec 1994, 104 ss. 139 Gabrovec 1994, 106. 68 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS severozahodnega profila pobrana tudi najdba, shranjena pod oznako profil (ID 6805/prof-001).153 Deloma lahko z zidom III povežem tudi kompleks 117 (sl. 17). Ta vsebuje najdbe, pobrane v vrhnjem delu obzidja pri x = 2 m do 4 m, kjer je bila ruševina že pomešana z latenskimi ostanki. Med x = 16 m in 20,50 m je bil opredeljen kompleks 3 in nad njim kompleks 2 (sl. 17; t. 69: 6-8). Oba vsebujeta najdbe iz svetlorjave zemljene halštatske plasti, ki je ne moremo povezati s posameznim zidom. LATENSKE PLASTI Prostor hiše za zidom III so v latenskem obdobju splanirali in ponovno naselili. Nad ruševinskimi ostanki halštatske hiše je bil tako v sivi kulturni plasti odkrit iz drobnih oblic grajen tlak. Temu so lahko sledili vse od vkopa za stojko ob notranji fronti zidu III pri x = 5 m do x = 14 m. Kamniti tlak v sivi kulturni plasti je tako prekrival tudi temeljne kamne zahodnega zidu halštatske hiše (pril. 14).154 Nad sivo kulturno plastjo s kamnitim tlakom so se vse do x = 8,50 m pojavljali večji kamni. Gre za ruševino v spodnjem delu temnorjave zemljene plasti, ki je bila odkrita tik pod humusom vse od x = 4 m do 20,50 m. Pri tem je bil spodnji del plasti med x = 7 m in 14 m, to je nad sivo kulturno plastjo s kamnitim tlakom, nekoliko temnejše obarvan. V tem delu plasti je bila pri x = 11 m do 12 m odkrita latenska jama, ki je bila deloma vkopana v halštatsko plast (pril. 14).155 Iz sive kulturne plasti s kamnitim tlakom, to je iz latenske plasti a, izhajajo kompleksi 105, 107 in 111 (sl. 17; t. 69: 9-12; 70, 71). Kompleks 105 vsebuje najdbe, izkopane med x = 5 m do 8 m, med x = 8 m do 10 m pa kompleks 107. Nad njima je bil še vedno v sivi kulturni plasti, med x = 5 m in 12 m, opredeljen kompleks 111. Najverjetneje lahko z latensko plastjo a povezujem tudi kompleks 112. Ta izhaja iz vkopa za stojko tik ob notranji fronti zidu III pri x = 5 m. Kompleksi 1, 4-7 in 126 vsebujejo najdbe iz temnorjave, to je latenske plasti b (sl. 17; t. 72: 4-15). Najdbe iz ruševine v spodnjem delu plasti med x = 4 m do 8 m vsebuje kompleks 5. Nadaljuje se s kompleksom 7, ki vsebuje najdbe, izkopane med x = 8 m in 12 m. Med x = 12 m do 16 m sta bila v spodnjem delu temnorjave plasti opredeljena še kompleksa 4 in 126, pri čemer vsebuje kompleks 126 najdbe, pobrane pri čiščenju profilov. Pri x = 19,80 m so bile tik nad halštatsko plastjo pobrane najdbe kompleksa 6. Iz temnorjave plasti izhaja tudi večina najdb kompleksa 1, vendar pa ta vsebuje tudi najdbe iz humusa med x = 0 m do 20,50 m. 153 Grahek 2013, 2/239 = 499. 154 Gabrovec 1994, 110. 155 Gabrovec 1994, 110. of burnt material and a burnt floor, which suggests that the house was destroyed in a fire.152 Excavated from the west wall of the house to the end of the trench at x = 20.50m and just above the mar-morised loam was a layer of light brown earth (App. 14). It is a Hallstatt period cultural layer, which could not be clearly distinguished from other layers and therefore could not be connected with any of the ramparts. The finds associated with Wall III form Complexes 104, 106, 109-110, 118 and 122 (Fig. 17; Pls. 68: 5-15; 69:1-5). Complex 118 contains the finds collected along the interior face of Wall III, while all other complexes originate from the house. The lower part of the burnt remains of the house from the east wall to x = 10m yielded the finds of Complex 104. Excavated above those and between x = 8 and 12m were the finds of Complex 106, with the finds collected on the top of the debris at x = 10m set apart to form Complex 122. The finds unearthed between x = 12m and the west wall form Complex 109, those above form Complex 110. The finds excavated between x = 12 and 16m form Complex 110, which predominantly contains the finds from the upper part of the debris along the west wall. In this part, a find also came to light while cleaning the north-west cross section and was documented as coming from the cross section (ID 6805/prof-001).153 Part of Complex 117 can also be brought into connection with Wall III (Fig. 17), containing the finds collected along the top of the rampart between x = 2 and 4m, where the debris was mixed with the remains from the La Tene period. Complexes 3 and 2 above it contain the finds excavated between x = 16 and 20.50 and the Hallstatt layer of light brown earth that cannot be associated with any of the walls (Fig. 17; Pl. 69: 6-8). LA T£NE LAYERS In the La Tene period, the area of the house behind Wall III was levelled and reinhabited. Above the debris of the Hallstatt house, a paving of small cobbles was found in the grey cultural layer. The paving could be traced to a post hole along the interior face of Wall III between x = 5 and x = 14m. The stone paving covered the foundation stones of the west wall of the Hallstatt house (App. 14).154 Large stones appeared to x = 8.50m on top of the grey cultural layer with the paving. This debris was found in the lower part of a layer of dark brown earth found just under the topsoil from x = 4 and 20.50m. The lower part of this dark brown layer between x = 7 and 14m was even darker in colour and also revealed a La Tene 152 Gabrovec 1994, 111. 153 Grahek 2013, 2/239 = 499. 154 Gabrovec 1994, 111. 69 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS V latenski plasti b je bil pri x = 11 m do 12 m dokumentiran vkop, iz katerega izhaja kompleks 108 (sl. 17; t. 72:1-3). ZUNANJOST NASELBINE Z izkopavanji pobočja izven obzidja je bila v sondi 5 prvič ugotovljena nova sestavina utrdbenega sistema. Gre za naravni jarek zunaj nasipa, ki lahko sodi že k zidu I. Pripadale naj bi mu spodnje ruševine, ki so ga zasule (pril. 14).156 V jarku so bile med spodnjimi ruševinami pobrane najdbe kompleksa 120. Ker med njimi ni opredeljivih in oštevilčenih fragmentov keramike, kompleksa v nadaljevanju ne obravnavam. NASIP K ZIDU II Ob izgradnji zidu II je bil na rumeno marmorizi-rano ilovnato mrtvico odložen pas drobirja. Prekrivalo ga je svetlorjavo zemljeno nasutje, ki je segalo vse do x = -4 m. Gre za nasip za zidom II, ki kot kažejo pasovi drobirja in leče temnejše zemlje, ni nastal naenkrat. Nasip je prekrivala rjava zemljena plast. Gre za nekdanjo humusno plast, na kateri so pri x = -3 m do -5 m ležale ruševine zidu II. Te so zapolnjevale tudi jarek pri x = -8 m do -11 m (pril. 14).157 Z zidom II povezujem najdbne komplekse 113115. Kompleks 113 (t. 72:16,17) tako vsebuje najdbe iz pasu kamnitega drobirja in spodnjega dela nasipa med x = 0 m in -4 m, kompleks 115 pa izhaja iz nekdanje humusne plasti med x = 0 m do -2 m. Preostale najdbe iz nasipa k zidu II vsebuje kompleks 114. Ker med njimi ni opredeljivih in oštevilčenih kosov keramike, kompleksa ne bom več obravnavala. NASIP K ZIDU III Nad nekdanjo humusno plastjo in ruševinami zidu II je bilo odkrito novo svetlorjavo zemljeno nasutje. Gre za nasip za zidom III, ki je segal tudi nad ruševine zidu II v jarku pri x = -8 m do -11 m. V tem delu so bile nad samim nasipom nato ohranjene tudi ruševine zidu III (pril. 14).158 Iz ruševin zidu III v jarku izhaja kompleks 119. pit between x = 11 and 12m, which was in part dug into the Hallstatt layer (App. 14).155 The finds from grey cultural layer, here treated as Layer a form Complexes 105, 107 and 111 (Fig. 17; Pls. 69: 9-12; 70, 71). Complex 105 contains the finds excavated between x = 5 and 8m, Complex 107 those found between x = 8 and 10m. Complex 111 consists ofthe finds excavated higher up and between x = 5 and 12m. The finds most probably also associated with Layer a are those of Complex 112, excavated in the cut at x = 5m, behind the post hole and next to the interior face of Wall III. The finds from dark brown layer, i.e. Layer b form Complexes 1, 4-7 and 126 (Fig. 17; Pls. 72:4-15). Complex 5 consists of the finds from the debris in the lower part of Layer b between x = 4 and 8m. The finds continued between x = 8 and 12m and form Complex 7. The finds excavated between x = 12 and 16 and the lower part of the layer form Complexes 4 and 126, with the latter containing finds collected while cleaning the cross sections. Complex 6 contains the finds collected at x = 19.80m just above the Hallstatt layer. Some finds from Layer b also form the bulk of Complex 1, which also includes the finds from the topsoil between x = 0 and 20.50m. Complex 108 comprises the finds from the cut in Layer b between x = 11 and 12m (Fig. 17; Pl. 72:1-3). HILLFORT EXTERIOR The excavations of the slope outside the hillfort in Trench 5 revealed a new element of the defence system, i.e. a ditch. It is a ditch of natural origin that may be associated with the phase of Wall I. The debris on the bottom of the ditch most likely belongs to the earliest rampart (App. 14).156 The finds collected among the debris on the bottom of the ditch form Complex 120. They do not include determinable pottery finds and are excluded from further discussion. EARTHWORK ASSOCIATED WITH WALL II The construction of Wall II produced a strip of small stone rubble deposited onto the yellow mar-morised loam. This was covered by a light brown earthwork that reached to x = -4m. It was not the result of a single action, as suggested by a number of stone strips and patches of darker earth. The earthwork was covered by a layer of brown earth, which represents a former topsoil on top of which the debris of Wall II were found between x = -3 and -5m. This debris also 137 Gabrovec 1994, 105 ff. 138 Gabrovec 1994, 107. 139 Gabrovec 1994, 107. 140 Gabrovec 1994, 106. 141 Gabrovec 1994, 106. 70 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS SONDA 8 V sredini zgornjega severovzhodnega dela naselja je bila leta 1968 izkopana sonda 8 (sl. 1). V njej so bili odkriti ostanki halštatskih zidov I in II, ugotovljena pa je bila tudi notranja fronta zidu III (pril. 15).159 ZID I Zid I je bil postavljen neposredno na rumeno marmorizirano ilovnato mrtvico. Pri tem je bila zunanja fronta zidu odkrita pri x = 2 m, notranja pa je slonela na naravni skali, dvignjeni iz mrtvice pri x = 4 m (pril. 15).160 Znotraj obzidja kulturna plast, pripadajoča zidu I, ni bila ugotovljena. Kot v sondi 5 lahko z ostanki najstarejše kulturne plasti najverjetneje povezujemo le sivkasto zemljeno lečo v poglobitvi v mrtvico pri x = 8 m do 9,50 m in sivorjavo polnilo manjšega vkopa pri x = 10,50 m do 11,30 m, ki je bilo vidno tudi v severozahodnem profilu (pril. 15). Najverjetneje lahko z zidom I povežem le kompleks 90, ki vsebuje najdbe iz sive zemljene leče pri x = 8 m do 9,50 m in vkopa pri x = 10,50 m do 11,30 m. Tako z zidom I kot tudi zidom II pa je povezan kompleks 89, ki vsebuje vse najdbe, pobrane med kamni zidu pri x = 1,5 m do 4 m (sl. 18; t. 73:1-8). ZID II Nad zidom I odkrit zid II je imel zunanjo fronto postavljeno neposredno na rumeno mrtvico pri x = 1,40 m, notranja fronta pa je slonela na še ohranjenih kamnih notranje fronte zidu I. (pril. 15).161 Zidu II pripadajoča kulturna plast v notranjosti obzidja ni bila ohranjena in je bila podobno kot v sondi 5 najverjetneje odstranjena ob izgradnji zidu III. ZID III Od zidu III je bila pri x = 5 m ugotovljena notranja fronta, ki je v severozahodnem profilu že v ruševinah. Te so segale do okrog x = 9 m in so prekrivale svetlor-javo kulturno plast z drobci oglja in hišnega ometa (pril. 15).162 Ta je bila med x = 5 m in 12 m izkopana nad rumeno mrtvico oziroma nad skromnimi ostanki najverjetneje kulturne plasti k zidu I. Z zidom III povezujem kompleksa 91 in 92 (sl. 18; t. 73:9-16), ki izhajata iz svetlorjave kulturne plasti med 159 Gabrovec 1994, 112. 160 Gabrovec 1994, 112 ss. 161 Gabrovec 1994, 112. 162 Gabrovec 1994, 112 ss. fell into the ditch, documented between x = -8 and -11m (App. 14).157 The finds associated with Wall II form Complexes 113-115. Complex 113 (Pl. 72:16, 17)consists ofthe finds from the strip of small stone rubble and the lower part of the earthwork excavated between x = 0 and -4m, Complex 115 contains the finds from the former topsoil between x = 0 and -2m, while all other finds from the earthwork form Complex 114, but do not include determinable pottery finds and are excluded from further discussion. EARTHWORK ASSOCIATED WITH WALL III A new deposit of light brown earth was excavated above the former topsoil and the debris of Wall II. This is the earthwork associated with Wall III. It also reached above the debris of the earlier wall in the ditch between x = -8 and -11m. Found on top of the earthwork in the ditch was the debris of Wall III (App. 14).158 Complex 119 consists of the finds from the debris of Wall III in the ditch. TRENCH 8 Excavations in Trench 8, located in the middle of the upper northeast section of the rampart (Fig. 1), were conducted in 1968. The trench revealed Walls I and II, as well as the interior face of Wall III (App. 15).159 WALL I The earliest defensive wall was built onto the yellow marmorised loam. The exterior face was found at x = 2m, while the interior face was constructed on top of an outcrop of bedrock that jutted from the loam at x = 4m (App. 15).160 The excavations in the interior of the hillfort did not reveal layers associated with Wall I. As in Trench 5, the remains of the earliest cultural layer can most probably only be seen in the patch of greyish earth in the depression into the marmorised loam between x = 8 and 9.50m and in the grey-brown fill of a small cut between x = 10.50 and 11.30m, the latter also visible in the northwest cross section (App. 15). The only finds that may be associated with Wall I are those of Complex 90, excavated in the patch of greyish earth and in the fill of the small cut. The finds of Complex 89 comprise all those collected among the stones of the 157 Gabrovec 1994, 109. 158 Gabrovec 1994, 111. 159 Gabrovec 1994, 113. 160 Gabrovec 1994, 113. 71 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS kompleks/Complex notranjost/Interior zun./Exter. zid/Wall 89 90 91 92 93 94 86 87 88 Lt III II 1 • • O O • • O • • • Sl. 18: Korelacijska tabela zidov stiškega naselja in kompleksov sonde 8. Fig. 18: Correlation table of the defensive walls and the complexes of finds from Trench 8. rampart between x = 1.5 and 4m and can be connected both with Wall I and Wall II (Fig. 18; Pl. 73:1-8). WALL II The exterior face of Wall II stood directly on the marmorised loam at x = 1.40m, while the interior face stood on top of the surviving stones of the interior face of Wall I (App. 15).161 In the hillfort interior, the cultural layer associated with Wall II did not survive and was most probably removed during the construction of Wall III, similarly as in Trench 5. x = 5 m in 12 m. Čeprav je bil kompleks 92 opredeljen nad kompleksom 91, vsebujeta oba tudi deloma pomešane najdbe, ki izhajajo iz nad halštatsko plastjo ležeče latenske plasti. LATENSKE PLASTI Nad ruševinami zidu III je bila odkrita temnorjava zemljena kulturna plast. Gre za latensko plast, ki je segala vse do humusa (pril. 15).163 Iz temnorjave latenske plasti pri x = 5 m do 12 m izhajata kompleksa 93 in 94 (sl. 18; t. 73:17,18; 74:1-7). Pri tem vsebuje kompleks 93 najdbe iz spodnjega dela plasti, kompleks 94 pa združuje najdbe iz vrhnjega dela plasti s tistimi, ki so bile izkopane že v ruševini tik pod humusom pri x = 6 m do 8,50 m ali v sami humusni plasti. NASIP K ZIDU II Nad rumeno marmorizirano ilovnato mrtvico na pobočju izven obzidja je bil do okrog x = -4 m izkopan pas drobirja, ki je nastal ob izgradnji zidu II. Nad njim je bilo odkrito svetlorjavo zemljeno nasutje. Na vrhnjem, bolj humoznem delu nasutja, ki je bilo temnejše obarvano, so se nato do okrog x = -3 m pojavljale ruševine zidu II (pril. 15).164 Iz zemljenega nasipa k zidu II izhaja kompleks 86 (sl. 18; t. 74: 8-10). NASIP K ZIDU III Nad starejšim zemljenim nasipom, ki so ga deloma prekrivale ruševine zidu II, je bilo odkrito novo svetlor- 140 Gabrovec 1994, 106. 141 Gabrovec 1994, 106. WALL III The interior face of Wall III was documented at x = 5 and a dilapidated state also in the northwest cross section. The debris reached roughly to x = 9m and covered the light brown cultural layer with bits of charcoal and house daub (App. 15).162 The cultural layer was excavated between x = 5 and 12m above the marmorised loam and above the scarce remains of a layer that most probably represented the cultural layer associated with Wall I. The finds associated with Wall III form Complexes 91 and 92 from the cultural layer between x = 5 and 12m. Although the finds of Complex 92 were excavated above those of Complex 91, they both include mixed finds from the overlying La Tene layer (Fig. 18; Pl. 73:9-16). LA TENE LAYER Found above the debris of Wall III was a cultural layer of dark brown earth, attributable to the La Tene period and reaching up to the topsoil (App. 15).163 The finds from the dark brown layer between x = 5 and 12m form Complexes 93 and 94 (Fig. 18; Pls. 73:17, 18; 74:1-7). The former contains the finds from the lower part and the latter those from the upper part of the layer, but also the finds excavated either in the debris just under the topsoil between x = 6 and 8.50m or in the topsoil. EARTHWORK ASSOCIATED WITH WALL II Outside the hillfort, a strip of small stone rubble was excavated above the marmorised loam to around x = -4m, which is associated with the construction of Wall II. The strip was covered by a light brown earthwork. The debris of Wall II then appeared on top of this 137 Gabrovec 1994, 105 ff. 138 Gabrovec 1994, 107. 139 Gabrovec 1994, 107. 72 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS javo zemljeno nasutje. Nad njim so se vse do okrog x = -4,50 m pojavljale ruševine zidu III (pril. 15).165 Najdbe, izkopane v zemljenem nasutju k zidu III, vsebuje kompleks 87 (sl. 18; t. 74: 11). LATENSKE PLASTI Od x = -5 m do -8 m in od x = -9 m do -12 m se je nad svetlorjavo zemljeno plastjo pod humusom pojavljalo drobno kamenje (pril. 15). Gre za ostanke dveh slojev kamnitega tlaka iz latenskega obdobja. Med kamnitim tlakom pri x = -8 m do -12 m so bile izkopane najdbe kompleksa 88 (sl. 18). 2.5 SONDE NA SEVERNEM DELU Na severnem delu stiškega gradišča je bila kot prva izkopana sonda 10. Raziskave so se nato nadaljevale bolj jugozahodno po zunanjem obodu, in sicer na severnem delu obzidja, kjer so že od nekdaj domnevali vrata. Tu so bile izkopane sonde 15, 20-22 (sl. 1). V njih so bili odkopani ostanki vseh treh halštatskih zidov, sam dohod z vrati v severno polovico gradišča pa ni bil odkrit.166 Za sondo 10 bo sklop sond s severnega dela obzidja predstavljen v zaporedju kot si sledijo od zahoda proti vzhodu. Tako bomo kot prvo obravnavali leta 1969 izkopano sondo 10, kot zadnjo pa leta 1974 izkopano sondo 21. Pri tem moramo opozoriti, da je bil način dokumentiranja najdb in s tem opredeljevanje kompleksov v sondah 20-22, izkopanih v letih 1973 in 1974, nekoliko drugačen od tistega v sondi 15 ter v preostalih sondah na zunanjem obzidju stiškega gradišča. SONDA 10 Sonda 10 je bila leta 1969 izkopana na severnem delu naselja (sl. 1). S te strani je bilo naselje slabše naravno zaščiteno in zato tudi najmočneje zaščiteno. Tako je bil tu odkrit dobro ohranjen zid II, znotraj katerega je bil ohranjen tudi zid I (pril. 16).167 Dobra ohranjenost zidu je bila na tem mestu pričakovana, saj je bil na zunanji strani ohranjen visok nasip. Z izkopavanji je bilo tu ugotovljenih več nasutij zunanjega nasipa. Ker ta segajo celo preko ohranjenih zidov, skuša Gleirscher na podlagi objavljenega profila iz sonde 10 utemeljevati (še) zelo pozno utrditev stiškega gradišča. 168 Pri tem zanemari, da je tudi iz profila razvidno, da je bil vrhnji del obrambnega zidu v preteklosti odstranjen, poleg tega pa so bili predvsem na južni strani nasipa 165 Gabrovec 1994, 114. 166 Pingel 1994, 54, pril. 1. 167 Gabrovec 1994, 116, op. 3. 168 Gleirscher 2010, 13 ss; Gleirscher 2007, 111 s. deposit, darker and with more humus in the upper part, to roughly x = -3m (App. 15).164 The finds from the earthwork associated with Wall II form Complex 86 (Fig. 18; Pl. 74: 8-10). EARTHWORK ASSOCIATED WITH WALL III A new deposit of light brown earth was found on top of the earlier earthwork in part covered by the debris of Wall II. The new earthwork was covered by the debris of Wall III to roughly x = -4.50m (App. 15).165 The finds from the earthwork associated with Wall III form Complex 87 (Fig. 18; Pl. 74: 11). LA T£NE LAYERS Excavations revealed small stones between x = -5 and -8 and between x = -9 and -12m above the layer of light brown earth (App. 15). These stones represent the remains of two layers of stone paving from the La Tene period. The finds excavated among the stones of the pavings between x = -8 and -12m form Complex 88 (Fig. 18). 2.5 TRENCHES IN THE RAMPART'S NORTHERN SECTION The first to be excavated in the north part of the Stična hillfort was Trench 10. Investigation then proceeded with Trenches 15 and 20-22 towards the southwest along the northern section of the rampart where a gate was presumed (Fig. 1). The trenches revealed all there Hallstatt ramparts, but not the northern entrance.166 The first to be presented is Trench 10 excavated in 1969, others will follow in geographical order from west to east with the last presented Trench 21 from 1974. It has to be noted that the documentation method and thereby determination of the complexes of finds changed in the last two years for Trenches 20-22, differing slightly from that used for Trench 15 and other trenches positioned across the rampart of the Stična hillfort. TRENCH 10 As stated above, Trench 10 was excavated 1969 in the north part of the hillfort (Fig. 1). The settlement is least naturally protected in this part and stronger fortifications were thus expected here. The trench revealed a well preserved Wall II, as well as Wall I (App. 16).167 164 Gabrovec 1994, 113, 165 Gabrovec 1994, 113 ff. 166 Pingel 1994, 55, App. 1. 167 Gabrovec 1994, 117, Fn. 3. 73 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS kompleks /Complex n./ln. zunanjost/Exterior zid/Wall 10 12 5 7 8 11 13 14 Lt • • II • O • • • • Sl. 19: Korelacijska tabela zidov stiškega naselja in kompleksov sonde 10. Fig. 19: Correlation table of the Stičnas defensive walls and the complexes of finds from Trench 10. ugotovljeni recentni vkopi v železnodobni nasip. Da je njegova interpretacija in datacija utrditve Stične povsem neupravičena kažejo tudi najdbe, saj med njimi nobenega kosa, ki bi omogočal datacijo v antično ali celo zgodnje-srednjeveško obdobje. Med sicer redkimi najdbami so razmeroma pogosti kosi latenskodobne keramike,169 ki potrjujejo, da je Gabrovec povsem upravičeno mlajša nasutja zunanjega nasipa povezal s halštatskim zidom III in latensko utrditvijo, čeprav najmlajši halštatski zid kot tudi latensko obzidje v sondi 10 nista bila odkrita.170 ZID I Nad rumeno marmorizirano ilovnato mrtvico je bila odkrita sivkasta plast nekdanje površine. Na njo je bil med x = 1 m do 3 m postavljen zid I (pril. 16).171 Z zidom I lahko povežem kompleksa 10 in 12 (sl. 19; t. 74:12-14). Oba vsebujeta najdbe iz sivkaste plasti nekdanje površine pri x = 4 m do 8 m in do x = 10 m, pri čemer so bile najdbe kompleksa 12 delno pomešane z najdbami iz humusa. ZID II Na sivkasto plast nekdanje površine oziroma na posamezne skalne robove, ki so gledali iz nje, sta bili postavljeni pri x = 0,50 m zunanja in pri x = 3,20 m notranja fronta zidu II. Ta je v svojo sestavo vključil tudi ohranjen del zidu I. V notranjosti za zidom II se je ob njegovi izgradnji na sivkasto plast nekdanje površine odložil pas grušča. Tega je nato prekrilo svetlorjavo zemljeno nasutje, kar predstavlja posebnost v sondi 10 odkritega zidu II (pril. 16).172 Nad ruševinami zidu II in zemljenim nasipom v notranjosti za zidom je bila med x = 1 m do 16 m izkopana temnorjava humozna plast. V njej je bila med x = 169 Grahek 2013, 2/283 s = 543 s. 170 Gabrovec 1994, 116 ss. 171 Gabrovec 1994, 116 ss. 172 Gabrovec 1994, 116 ss. The trench was, in fact, expected to reveal a high surviving rampart, because of the high deposits visible along the exterior face. The excavations revealed that the outer earthwork was made up of several deposits. Because the earthwork was preserved even higher than the wall, Gleirscher suggested, on the basis of the published cross section of Trench 10, a very late dating for the consolidation of the Stična hillfort.168 However, he failed to take into account that the cross section also showed that the upper part of the defensive wall had been removed in the past, but also that there were additional modern cuts in the southern part of the Iron Age rampart. His dating is further negated by the absence of finds attributable to the Late Antique or even early medieval period. To the contrary, the rare finds, most of which are pieces of La Tene pottery,169 confirm that Gabrovec quite correctly connected the later earthwork with Wall III and La Tene fortifications in spite of the fact that the actual walls were been unearthed there.170 WALL I The yellow marmorised loam was covered by a greyish layer that once represented the ground surface onto which Wall I was built between x = 1 and 3m (App. 16).171 The finds associated with Wall I form Complexes 10 and 12 (Fig. 19; Pl. 74:12-14). Both contain the finds from the ground surface, from x = 4 to 8m and at x = 10m respectively, with the finds of Complex 12 partially mixed with those from the topsoil. WALL II Wall II was built onto the ground surface and individual outcrops of the bedrock, with the exterior face documented at x = 0.50m and the interior at x = 3.20m. Included into the construction of the new rampart were also the surviving remains of Wall I. In the interior, behind Wall II, a strip of stone rubble was deposited on top of the ground surface during construction. The rubble was then covered by a deposit of light brown earth, which has not been documented in any other trench (App. 16).172 The debris of Wall II and the remains of the earthen deposit in the interior were covered by a layer of dark brown humus between x = 1 and 16m. In it, substantial debris was unearthed between x = 6 and roughly 11m that revealed only fragments of La Tène pottery (App. 16).173 168 Gleirscher 2010, 13 ff; Gleirscher 2007, 111 f. 169 Grahek 2013, 2/283 f = 543 f. 170 Gabrovec 1994, 117 ff. 171 Gabrovec 1994, 117. 172 Gabrovec 1994, 117 ff. 173 Gabrovec 1994, 117. 74 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS 6 m do okrog 11 m odkrita večja ruševina, v kateri so se pojavljali le fragmenti latenske keramike (pril. 16).173 Najdbe iz humozne plasti ter ruševine v njej vsebuje kompleks 1 (t. 74:15-20), ki ga v nadaljevanju ne obravnavam. ZUNANJOST NASELBINE Sivkasta plast nekdanje površine nad rumeno mar-morizirano ilovnato mrtvico je bila odkrita tudi izven obzidja, kjer so ji lahko sledili do x = -9 m (pril. 16).174 Iz sivkaste plasti nekdanje površine, ki jo povezujemo še z zidom I, izhajata kompleksa 11 in 13 (sl. 19; t. 74:21). Kompleks 13 tako vsebuje najdbe, izkopane v spodnjem delu plasti pri x = 0,50 m do -1 m, kompleks 11 pa vsebuje najdbe iz vrhnjega dela plasti med x = -1 m do -4 m. NASIP K ZIDU II Tik za obzidjem do x = -1 m je nad sivkasto plastjo nekdanje površine ležal pas grušča, povezanega z izgradnjo zidu II. Pas grušča in plast nekdanje površine je nato do x = -5 m prekrivalo do okrog 2 m visoko svetlorjavo zemljeno nasutje, ki je bilo v vrhnjem delu temnejše obarvano (pril. 16).175 Z zidom II povezujem kompleksa 5 in 8, ki vsebujeta najdbe iz svetlorjave nasipne plasti (sl. 19; t. 74: 22). Kompleks 8 je bil opredeljen ob tretji legi kamnov v zunanji fronti zidu II pri x = 0,50 m do 0 m, kompleks 5 pa izhaja iz temnejše obarvanega dela nasipa pri x = -1 m, y = 3,60 m. Iz grušča, odloženega ob izgradnji zidu, izhaja kompleks 9, iz nasipa za zidom II pa še kompleksi 3,4 in 6. Ker ti ne vsebujejo opredeljivih in oštevilčenih najdb, jih v nadaljevanju ne obravnavam. The finds from the layer of humus and the debris in it form Complex 1 (Pl. 74:15-20), which is not included into the discussion below. HILLFORT EXTERIOR The greyish layer representing the ground surface above the yellow marmorised loam was also found outside the hillfort, where it was traced to x = -9m (App. 16).174 The finds from the ground surface associated with Wall I form Complexes 11 and 13 (Fig. 19; Pl. 74:21). The latter consists of the finds excavated in the lower part of the layer between x = 0.50 and -1m, while the former comprises the finds from the upper part between x = -1 and -4m. EARTHWORK ASSOCIATED WITH WALL II The strip of stone rubble stretching to x = -1m above the ground surface is associated with the construction of Wall II. Both the rubble and the ground surface were covered to x = -5m by a roughly two-metre-high deposit of light brown earth, which was darker in the upper part (App. 16).175 The finds from the light brown part of the earthwork form Complexes 5 and 8 (Fig. 19; Pl. 74: 22). The first consists of the finds unearthed along the third course of stones in the exterior face of Wall II between x = 0.50 and 0m, while the second comprises the finds from the darker part of the deposit at x = -1m, y = 3.60m. The finds from the stone rubble strip form Complex 9. The finds from the earthwork associated with Wall II also revealed the finds forming Complexes 3, 4 and 6; they do not include determinable pottery finds and are excluded from further discussion. NASIP K ZIDU III Nad nasipom za zidom II je bilo odkrito novo sve-tlorjavo zemljeno nasutje, v katerem so se do okrog x = -5,50 m pojavljale ruševine zidu II. Nad tem nasipom so ležale nove ruševine, dobro vidne v severovzhodnem profilu pri x = 0 m do -3 m. Izkopavalec je ta del zunanjega nasipa ter ruševino nad njim povezal z zidom III, ki v sondi sicer ni bil ohranjen (pril. 16).176 Najdbe iz ruševin, domnevno pripadajočih zidu III, so bile opredeljene kot kompleks 2. Ta je bil kasneje očitno pridružen kompleksu 1, zato v nadaljevanju ne bo več obravnavan. 173 Gabrovec 1994, 118. 174 Gabrovec 1994, 118. 175 Gabrovec 1994, 118. 176 Gabrovec 1994, 118. EARTHWORK ASSOCIATED WITH WALL III The light brown deposit was covered by another deposit, also light brown in colour, which contained the debris of Wall II that stretched to around x = -5.50m. Above the latter deposit new debris was found, clearly visible in the northeast cross section between x = 0 and -3m. The excavator associated the second earthwork and the debris above it with Wall III, the remains of which were not detected in Trench 10 (App. 16).176 The finds from the debris associated with Wall III initially formed Complex 2, but were later added to Complex 1. 137 Gabrovec 1994, 104 ss. 138 Gabrovec 1994, 104 ss. 139 Gabrovec 1994, 106. 75 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS LATENSKE PLASTI Nad ruševinami, domnevno pripadajočimi zidu III, je bilo odkrito novo, spet z ruševino prekrito nasu-tje. Najverjetneje gre za ostanke latenskega kamnitega tlaka. Ostanke tlaka predstavlja tudi v severovzhodnem profilu med x = -6 m do -13 m dobro vidna ruševina (pril. 16).177 Iz ruševinskih ostankov latenskega kamnitega tlaka izhajata kompleksa 7 in 14 (sl. 19). Kompleks 7 je bil opredeljen pri x = -6 m, kompleks 14 pa vsebuje najdbe, pobrane med kamni pri x = -9 m do -10 m. SONDA 15 Bržkone so bili v sondi 15 ohranjeni vsi trije hal-štatski zidovi. Med samim izkopavanjem je bil sicer identificiran le zid II, ki pa ni bil odstranjen. Tako lahko na podlagi dognanj v preostalih sondah s severnega dela stiškega obzidja domnevamo, da je bil znotraj zidu II najverjetneje ohranjen tudi starejši zid I. Pri pregledu terenske dokumentacije po samem zaključku izkopavanj je bilo ugotovljeno, da je bila v sondi 15 ohranjena še notranja fronta zidu III.178 ZID II V temnorjavi zemljeni plasti pod humusom, ki je zapolnjevala reže med štrlečimi vrhovi živih skal, sta bila med x = 3 m do 5 m izkopana dva, med seboj slabo ločljiva sloja kamnitega grušča. Medtem ko je bil spodnji sloj grušča odložen ob izgradnji zidu II in je segal vse do njegove notranje fronte, je bil zgornji grušč že ruševinski in je segal tudi nad sam zid (pril. 17).179 Tik za notranjo fronto zidu II so bili opredeljeni kompleksi 3-5 (sl. 20), ki vsi izhajajo iz grušča v temnor-javi zemljeni plasti. Pri tem so bile najdbe kompleksa 5 izkopane najgloblje, najdbe kompleksa 3 pa so ležale že v povsem vrhnjem delu grušča. Ker ne vsebuje opredeljivih in s tem oštevilčenih kosov keramike, kompleksa 5 v nadaljevanju ne obravnavam več, čeprav glede na najdiščne podatke spadajo vanj tudi najdbe z oznako planum 3 (ID 6915/pl.3-001).180 ZID III IN LATENSKE PLASTI Nad vrhnjim slojem grušča za zidom II so okrog x = 3,50 m ležali kamni, za katere je bilo kasneje ugotovljeno, da predstavljajo notranjo fronto zidu III. Prekrivala jih 177 Gabrovec 1994, 118. 178 Pingel 1994, 60 ss, pril. 1. 179 Pingel 1994, 62 ss. 180 Grahek 2013, 2/356 = 616. LA TENE LAYERS The debris presumably associated with Wall III was covered by yet another earthwork deposit covered with debris. The last two most probably represent the remains of a stone paving attributable to the La Tene period. The clearly visible debris documented in the northeast cross section between x = -6 and -13m also represents the remains of a stone paving (App. 16).177 The finds from the debris of the La Tene paving form Complexes 7 and 14 (Fig. 19). The first contains the finds excavated at x = -6m and the second those collected among the stones between x = -9 and -10m. TRENCH 15 Trench 15 presumably revealed all there Hallstatt ramparts. During excavations only Wall II was identified, but it was not removed and the possible remains of Wall I remained hidden. Moreover, the subsequent analysis of the documentation showed that Trench 15 also revealed the interior face of Wall III.178 WALL II The layer of dark brown earth under the topsoil filled the spaces between individual outcrops of the bedrock and included, between x = 3 and 5m, two distinguishable layers of stone rubble. The lower layer was probably deposited during the construction of Wall II and reached to its interior face, while the upper layer represents the debris of the rampart and reached above its remains (App. 17).179 The finds unearthed along the interior face of Wall II form Complexes 3-5 (Fig. 20), all recovered in the layers of rubble. The finds of Complex 5 were excavated deepest, while those of Complex 3 lay at the top. Complex 3 does not contain determinable and numbered finds, hence it is not discussed below in spite of the fact that the excavation data indicate it also contained the finds marked planum 3 (ID 6915/pl.3-001).180 WALL III AND LA TÈNE LAYER The upper layer of stone rubble behind Wall II was covered around x = 3.50m by the stones later revealed as belonging to the interior face of Wall III. The stones 177 Gabrovec 1994, 117. 178 Pingel 1994, 59 ff, App. 1. 179 Pingel 1994, 63 ff. 180 Grahek 2013, 2/356 = 616. 76 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS kompleks / Complex n. / Inter. zunanjost/Exterior zid/Wall 2 3 4 7 9 10 11 13 14 16 17 18 20 21 23 24 25 27 28 30 34 35 36 38 40 It O O O O O O O III O o o o o o o II • • (^•••••••oo*oo*«ooooooo 1 o o o o o o Sl. 20: Korelacijska tabela zidov stiškega naselja in kompleksov sonde 15. Fig. 20: Correlation table of the defensive walls and the complexes of finds from Trench 15. je že z latenskimi ostanki premešana humozna plast (pril. 17).181 Najdbe, izkopane v humozni plasti okoli kamnov notranje fronte zidu III, vsebuje kompleks 2, ki ga gre povezovati tudi z latenskim obdobjem (sl. 20; t. 75:1). ZUNANJOST NASELBINE Izkopno polje sonde 15 je v večini obseglo pobočje izven obzidja. Tu je bil med x = 5 m in -9 m odkrit nekakšen jarek, ki je stratigrafsko lahko starejši od zidu II, vendar pa ostaja povezava z zidom I, ki v sami sondi ni bil izkopan, nejasna. Jarek je zapolnjevala temnor-java zemljena plast, ki so ji nad skalno osnovo lahko sledili vse od zunanje fronte zidu II in do okrog x = -9 m (pril. 17).182 V plasti, predvsem na njenem dnu kot pri x = -0,30 m do -2,50 m, so bili izkopani tudi posamezni pasovi grušča, ki so morda ostanek gradnje najstarejšega zidu. Najdbe iz temnorjave zemljene plasti vrh skalnate osnove, ki je lahko starejša od zidu II in morda pripada še zidu I, vsebujejo kompleksi 18, 20, 23, 24, 26 in 28-32 (sl. 20; t. 75: 2). Kompleks 18 vsebuje najdbe iz pasu grušča na dnu temnorjave zemljene plasti pri x = -0,30 m do -1 m. Nadaljujejo ga kompleksi 20, 23 in 24, ki so bili opredeljeni med x = -1 m in -3 m, pri čemer izhaja iz najspodnejšega dela plasti kompleks 24, iz vrhnjega dela pa kompleks 20. Med x = -3 m in -4 m je bil nato opredeljen kompleks 31 ter nad njim kompleks 29, ki mu je na vrhu plasti med x = -3 m in -4,20 m sledil še kompleks 28. Iz temnorjave zemljene plasti izhajata tudi kompleks 30 in nad njim kompleks 26, ki sta bila opredeljena med x = -4 m in -8 m. Najdbe iz temnorjave zemljene plasti pri x = -8,50 m pa vsebuje kompleks 32. Ker kompleksi 26, 28-29 in 31-32 ne vsebujejo opredeljivih in s tem oštevilčenih kosov keramike, jih v nadaljevanju ne obravnavam. were covered by the topsoil mixed with the remains of La Tene date (App. 17).181 The finds excavated in the topsoil around the stones of the interior face of Wall III form Complex 2, which can also be attributed to the La Tene period (Fig. 20; Pl. 75:1). HILLFORT EXTERIOR Apart from the ramparts, Trench 15 was mainly aimed at investigating the slope outside the hillfort. Between x = 5 and -9m, it revealed a ditch that could be stratigraphically earlier than Wall II, though its relationship with the undetected Wall I remains unclear. The ditch was filled with a layer of dark brown earth, which was traced above the bedrock from the exterior face of Wall II to around x = -9m (App. 17) and may even be associated with Wall I.182 The layer revealed strips of stone rubble, mostly on the bottom, such as that documented between x = -0.30 and -2.50m, which may represent the remains of the construction of the earliest rampart. The finds from the layer of dark brown earth form Complexes 18, 20, 23, 24, 26 and 28-32 (Fig. 20; Pl. 75: 2). Of those, Complex 18 contains the finds from the rubble strip at the bottom of the layer between x = -0.30 and -1m. Complexes 20, 23 and 24 consist of the finds excavated between x = -1 and -3m; those excavated deepest forming Complex 24 and those excavated highest forming Complex 20. Complex 31 consist of the finds unearthed between x = -3 and -4m, Complex 29 contains those further up, while Complex 28 contains the finds excavated between x = -3 and -4.20m at the top of the layer. The finds excavated between x = -4 and -8m form Complexes 30 and 26, the first those in the lower part and the second those in the upper part. The finds excavated at x = -8.50m form Complex 32. Complexes 26, 28-29 and 31-32 do not include determinable pottery finds and are excluded from further discussion. 181 Pingel 1994, 68 ss, pril. 1. 182 Pingel 1994, 66. 181 Pingel 1994, 69 ff, App. 1. 182 Pingel 1994, 67. 77 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS NASIP K ZIDU II Nad temnorjavo zemljeno plastjo je bil nov pas grušča, ki je najverjetneje ostanek gradnje zidu II in je na profilu viden pri x = -0,30 m do -1 m in pri x = -3,50 m do -4,70 m. Nad njim je bil do okrog x = -5 m izkopan nehomogen zemljen nasip, sestavljen iz spodnje in zgornje sivorjave plasti, med katerima je bila še svetlorjava plast. Ta se je izklinila že okrog x = -2,50 m, tako da spodnje in zgornje sivorjave plasti med x = -2,50 in -5 m ni bilo več moč ločevati (pril. 17).183 Iz nasipa k zidu II izhajajo kompleksi 9-17, 19, 21, 22, 25 in 27. V sivorjavi zemljeni plasti med x = -4,30 m do -6 m je bil opredeljen kompleks 27. Nad njim so bile pri x = -3 m do -5,50 m izkopane najdbe kompleksa 25 ter še nekoliko višje najdbe kompleksa 22. Nad kompleksom 22 je bil nato med x = -1 m in -5 m opredeljen kompleks 21, ki sta mu proti vrhu sivorjave zemljene plasti med x = -1 m in -4 m sledila še kompleksa 19 in 17. Iz spodnje sivorjave zemljene plasti med x = -0,30 m do -3,50 m izhaja kompleks 16. Nad njim sta bila opredeljena kompleksa 14 in 15, pri čemer vsebuje najdbe iz svetlorjave plasti med x = -0,30 m do -2 m kompleks 14, že iz zgornje sivorjave plasti pri x = -2 m do -4 m pa izhaja kompleks 15. Nad kompleksoma 14 in 15 sta bila pri x = -0,30 m do -3,20 m opredeljena kompleks 13 in še višje kompleks 11. Oba vsebujeta predvsem najdbe iz svetlorjave plasti. Najdbe, ki so bile v tem delu izkopane v zgornji sivorjavi plasti, so bile namreč izločene in združene v kompleks 12. Iz zgornje sivorjave plasti izhaja še kompleks 10 ter nad njim kompleks 9, ki sta bila opredeljena pri x = -0,30 m do -3,50 m oziroma x = -3 m. Ker kompleksi 12, 15, 19 in 22 ne vsebujejo oštevilčenih, to je opredeljivih kosov keramike, jih v nadaljevanju ne obravnavam več (sl. 20). Nad zgornjo sivorjavo plastjo nasipa k zidu II, ki se je izklinil ob veliki skali pri x = -5 m do -6 m, je bila vse do humusa nato izkopana svetlorjava zemljena plast. V njej so od x = -1 m proti veliki skali vse pogosteje ležali ruševinski kamni. Za veliko skalo med x = -6 m do okrog x = -10 m je bila tako nad temnorjavo zemljeno plastjo v jarku izkopana intenzivna ruševina. To ruševinsko plast je bilo moč ločevati v dva sloja, od katerih je spodnjega izkopavalec povezal z ostanki zidu II, zgornjega pa z ostanki zidu III (pril. 17).184 Najdbe iz ruševinske plasti za veliko skalo pri x = -6 m do konca izkopnega polja pri x = -12 m vsebujejo kompleksi 33 do 41, pri čemer je bil kompleks 41 opredeljen najgloblje, kompleks 33 pa tik pod humusom. Iz vrhnjega dela ruševinske plasti tik pod humusom pri x = -8 m izhaja še kompleks 42. Čeprav je izkopavalec pri ruševini ločeval med dvema slojema, ki ju je povezoval z zidom II in III, je iz terenske dokumentacije razvidno, da je bila ruševina pravzaprav zelo nehomogena ter pre- 183 Pingel 1994, 66 ss. 184 Pingel 1994, 68 ss, sl. 43. EARTHWORK ASSOCIATED WITH WALL II The layer of dark brown earth was covered by another strip of stone rubble, which is believed to have been produced during the construction of Wall II; it is visible in the cross section between x = -0.30 and -1 and between x = -3.50 and -4.70m. Above it, an inhomoge-neous earthen deposit was excavated to around x = -5m, composed of a lower and an upper layer of grey-brown earth separated by a light brown layer. The light brown layer tapered out at around x = -2.50m, making the two grey-brown layers undistinguishable between x = -2.50 in -5m (App. 17).183 The finds from the earthwork associated with Wall II form Complexes 9-17, 19, 21, 22, 25 and 27. The finds unearthed in the grey-brown deposit between x = -4.30 and -6m form Complex 27. The finds above them and between x = -3 and -5.50m form Complex 25, those further up form Complex 22. The finds above those of Complex 22 and between x = -1 and -5m form Complex 21, followed upwards and between x = -1 and -4m by Complexes 19 and 17. The finds from the lower grey-brown layer between x = -0.30 and -3.50m form Complex 16. The finds above those form Complexes 14 and 15, with Complex 14 also containing the finds from the light brown layer between x = -0.30 and -2m, and Complex 15 those from the upper grey-brown layer between x = -2 and -4m. The finds further up and between x = -0.30 and -3.20m form Complex 13 and those even further up Complex 11. Complexes 13 and 11 predominantly consist of the finds from the light brown layer, while the finds excavated in this part in the upper grey-brown layer were separated and form Complex 12. The upper grey-brown layer also yielded the finds of Complex 10 and those above of Complex 9, excavated between x = -0.30 and -3.50m or -3m. Complexes 12, 15, 19 and 22 do not include determinable pottery finds and are excluded from further discussion (Fig. 20). The upper grey-brown layer associated with Wall II, which tapered out at a large stone between x = -5 and -6m, was covered by another layer of light brown earth and that by the topsoil. The light brown layer revealed debris stones that were increasingly numerous from x = -1m to the large stone. Behind it and between x = -6 and roughly -10m, a layer of dense debris was excavated above the layer of dark brown earth filling the ditch mentioned above. This layer of debris could be divided into two layers, of which the lower one was seen already during excavations as the remains of Wall II and the upper one as the remains of Wall III (App. 17).184 The finds from the debris layer behind the large stone at x = -6m to the end of the trench at x = -12m form Complexes 33-41, with Complex 41 containing the deepest finds and Complex 33 those found just under the 183 Pingel 1994, 67 ff. 184 Pingel 1994, 69 ff, Fig. 43. 78 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS mešana s humusom. Zatorej združujejo kompleksi 33 do 42 tako najdbe iz dela ruševine k zidu II kot tudi mlajše. Podobno velja za komplekse 6-8, ki so bili opredeljeni v svetlorjavi plasti z ruševinskimi kamni. V spodnjem delu plasti, tik nad nasipom k zidu II med x = -0,30 m do -2,50 m je bil opredeljen kompleks 8, ki mu proti vrhu plasti med x = -0,30 m do 2 m sledi kompleks 7. Najdbe iz svetlorjave plasti pod humusom med x = -2,50 m do -8 m vsebuje kompleks 6. Ker kompleksi 6, 8, 33, 37, 39, 41 in 42 ne vsebujejo opredeljivih ter tako oštevilčenih kosov keramike, jih v nadaljevanju ne obravnavam (sl. 20; t. 75: 3). Izpuščen je kompleks 1, ki vsebuje nestra-tificirane najdbe iz humusa izkopane v notranjem delu sonde 15 med x = 0 in 3,50 m. SONDA 22 Vzhodno od sonde 15 je bila leta 1974 izkopana majhna sonda 22 (sl. 1). Z izkopom te sonde nepravilne oblike so želeli odkriti potek zunanje fronte zidu med sondama 15 in 20, zato je izkopno polje obsegalo le severni, to je zunanji del obzidja. V sondi sta bila tako odkrita zid I ter nad njim zid II.185 ZID I Na rumeni marmorizirani ilovnati mrtvici, ki je zapolnjevala reže v skalnati osnovi, sta bili odkriti največ dve vrsti zunanje fronte zidu I. Pripadajoče plasti niso bile odkrite.186 ZID II Kamne zunanje fronte zidu I je prekrival pas grušča. Gre za ostanek gradnje zidu II. Ta je bil postavljen neposredno nad zidom I in sicer tako, da je bil eden od kamnov zunanje fronte zidu I ob izgradnji zidu II obdelan in je služili kot baza za stojko. Pas grušča je bil odkrit tudi nad skalnato osnovo ali rumeno marmori-zirano ilovnato mrtvico tik za zunanjo fronto zidu II. Nad njim je vse do humusa ležalo nehomogeno zemljeno nasutje k zidu II.187 Najdbe iz pasu grušča na pobočju za zunanjo fronto zidu II vsebuje kompleks 7. Nad njim so bili nato opredeljeni kompleksi 6-2, ki vsi izhajajo iz zeml-jenega nasipa. Nad kompleksom 2 je bil že v humusni plasti opredeljen kompleks 1, ki pa ne vsebuje keramike, zaradi česar ga v nadaljevanju ne obravnavam. Enako so iz obravnave izpuščeni kompleksi 2, 4 in 7, ker ne 185 Pingel 1994, 56 ss, pril. 1 in 5b. 186 Pingel 1994, 60 ss, pril. 5b. 187 Pingel 1994, 62 ss, sl. 39, pril. 5b. topsoil. The finds from the top part of the debris layer just under the topsoil at x = -8m form Complex 42. Field documentation also revealed that the debris, rather than having two distinct sublayers, was quite inhomogene-ous and mixed with the topsoil; Complexes 33-42 thus contain the finds from the part of the debris associated with Wall II and later finds from the upper layers. A similar observation can be made for Complexes 6-8, the finds of which were unearthed in the light brown layer with debris stones. Complex 8 contains the finds from the lower part of the layer, just above the deposit associated with Wall II between x = -0.30 and -2.50m. Complex 7 comprises the finds further up and between x = -0.30 and 2m. Complex 6 consists of the finds from the light brown layer under the topsoil between x = -2.50 and -8m. Complexes 6, 8, 33, 37, 39, 41 and 42 do not include determinable pottery finds and are excluded from further discussion (Fig. 20; Pl. 75: 3). Also excluded is Complex 1, which consists of unstratified finds from the topsoil excavated in the interior part of the trench between x = 0 and 3.5m. TRENCH 22 This trench was excavated in 1974 east of Trench 15 (Fig. 1). It was irregular in plan and examined the course of the exterior face of the defensive wall between Trenches 15 and 20, and did not include the part behind the rampart in the hillfort's interior. The trench revealed both Wall I and Wall II above it.185 WALL I Wall I was constructed onto the yellow marmorised loam that filled the spaces between the outcrops of the bedrock. The excavations revealed only two courses of the exterior front of the wall and no associated layers.186 WALL II The stones of the exterior front of Wall I were covered by a strip of stone rubble, which represent the remains connected with the construction of this wall. The second rampart was constructed directly on top of the first one with one of the stones of Wall I dressed and reused as a base for a post. The strip of rubble was also found above the bedrock and the yellow marmorised loam just behind the exterior face of Wall II. The strip was covered by an inhomogeneous earthen deposit associated with Wall II that reached to the topsoil.187 185 Pingel 1994, 57 ff, Apps. 1 and 5b. 186 Pingel 1994, 63, App. 5b. 187 Pingel 1994, 63 ff, Fig. 39, App. 5b. 79 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS kompleks / Complex zid/Wall 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 32 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 42 44 52 54 58 59 60 2a 3a 4a 5a 7a Lt O oo III o o o II 1 o Sl. 21: Korelacijska tabela zidov stiškega naselja in kompleksov iz notranjega dela sonde 20. Fig. 21: Correlation table of the defensive walls and the complexes of finds from the interior part of Trench 20. vsebujejo opredeljivih in s tem oštevilčenih kosov keramike. Izpuščeni so še najdbni kompleksi 33, 41, 43, 53, 55-57 in 6a, ker ti ne vsebujejo opredeljivih kosov keramike (sl. 21). SONDA 20 Na mestu, kjer danes vodi pot v severni del stiškega gradišča, je bila leta 1973 izkopana sprva 5 m široka sonda 20, ki so leta 1974 razširili še za 1 m proti sondi 21, izkopani vzhodno od nje (sl. 1).188 V sondi so bili odkriti ostanki vseh treh halštatskih zidov (pril. 18).189 ZID I Zid I, ki je bil postavljen na skalno osnovo in rumeno marmorizirano ilovnato mrtvico, je bil nedvomno ugotovljen šele leta 1974 z izkopavanji v podaljšku sonde. Poleg najnižje lege kamnov z zidom I z gotovostjo ni mogoče povezati nobenih drugih ostankov (pril. 18).190 Z zidom I lahko najverjetneje povežemo le kompleks 5a. Ta vsebuje najdbe, pobrane med kamni najstarejšega zidu iz leta 1974 izkopanega podaljška sonde (sl. 21). ZID II Nad kamni zunanje fronte zidu I je ležal pas grušča. Gre za ostanek gradnje zidu II, katerega zunanja fronta je vključevala tudi kamne zidu I, notranja pa je bila pomaknjena približno 1 m bolj v notranjost od notranje fronte starejšega zidu. Tik za zidom je bila v notranjem delu sonde nad rumeno marmorizirano ilovnato mrtvico odkrita intenzivna plast kamnitega drobirja, ki je služila za drenažo in hkrati tudi za izravnavo hodne površine. 188 Najdbne komplekse iz te razširitve smo zaradi lažjega ločevanja preimenovali v komplekse 1a-7a. 189 Pingel 1994, 54 ss, pril. 1 in 4. 190 Pingel 1994, 60 ss, pril. 1 in 4. The finds from the strip of stone rubble behind the exterior face of Wall II form Complex 7. The finds excavated in the earthen deposit further up form Complexes 6-2. The finds unearthed above those of Complex 2 and already in the topsoil form Complex 1, which does not include pottery finds and is excluded from further discussion. Also excluded are Complexes 2, 4 and 7, which do not include determinable pottery finds, as well as Complexes 33, 41, 43, 53, 55-57 and 6a, which do not include determinable pottery finds (Fig. 21). TRENCH 20 Excavation in Trench 20, located in the spot where the modern road enters the north part of the Stična hillfort, began in 1973. In the following year, the trench was extended a metre towards Trench 21 to the east (Fig. 1).188 Trench 20 revealed the remains of all three Hallstatt ramparts (App. 18).189 WALL I The first rampart, constructed on the bedrock and the yellow marmorised loam, was positively identified only in 1974 in the extension of the trench. Apart from the lowest course of stones, no other remains could be attributed to Wall I with any degree of certainty (App. 18).190 The only finds believed to be associated with Wall I form Complex 5a; they were collected among the stones of the earliest wall in the extension of the trench (Fig. 21). WALL II The stones of the exterior face of Wall I were covered by a strip of stone rubble, produced during the 188 The complexes of finds from this extension were renamed Complexes 1a-7a for the purposes of clarity. 189 Pingel 1994, 55 ff, Apps. 1 and 4. 190 Pingel 1994, 59 ff, Apps. 1 and 4. 80 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS Nad plastjo drobirja je ležala temnorjava zemljena plast (pril. 18).191 Najdbe, ki so bile večinoma pobrane med kamni zidu II vsebujejo kompleksi 2, 3, 7, 10, 32, 33, 2a in 3a (sl. 21; t. 76:1, 3, 5, 6, 9), pri čemer vsebujeta kompleksa 3 in 7 najdbe iz spodnjega in zgornjega dela zidu v zahodnem delu sonde. Vzhodno od y = 8 m sta bila nato opredeljena kompleksa 2 in 10 ter vzhodno od y = 9,50 m še kompleksa 32 in 33. Kompleksa 2a in 3a vsebujeta najdbe iz spodnjega in zgornjega dela zidu v leta 1974 izkopanem podaljšku sonde. Ker kompleks 33 ne vsebuje opredeljivih kosov keramike, v nadaljevanju ni več obravnavan. Z zidom II povezujem še komplekse, ki vsebujejo najdbe iz debele plasti drobirja. Iz te plasti v zahodnem delu sonde zajemata najdbe kompleksa 8 in 9 (sl. 21; t. 76: 2), pri čemer slednji vsebuje najdbe iz spodnjega dela plasti. Iz vzhodnega dela sonde, kjer je bila plast drobirja intenzivnejša, izhajajo kompleksi 34-54. Najdbe iz najspodnejšega dela plasti vsebujejo kompleksi 40-41 in 52-54. Proti vrhu plasti jim sledijo kompleksi 35 in 37-39, še nekoliko višje iz plasti pa izhajata kompleksa 43 in 44. Nad njima so bili opredeljeni kompleksi 34, 36 in 42. Vendar pa ti združujejo najdbe iz povsem vrhnjega dela plasti drobirja s tistimi, ki izvirajo že iz temnorjave zemljene plasti nad drobirjem. Iz plasti drobirja izhajajo še kompleksi 55-58. Ti vsebujejo najdbe, pobrane pri čiščenju južnega profila, pri čemer vsebujeta najdbe iz spodnjega dela plasti drobirja kompleksa 55 in 58, iz zgornjega pa kompleksa 56 in 57. Kompleks 59 vsebuje najdbe iz temnorjave zemljene plasti tik nad drobirjem. Opredeljen je bil nad kompleksom 60, ki vsebuje najdbe iz plasti drobirja v vzhodnem profilu. Iz plasti drobirja v leta 1974 izkopanem podaljšku sonde vsebujeta najdbe kompleksa 7a in 4a (sl. 21; t. 76: 7, 8). V temnorjavi zemljeni plasti tik nad drobirjem je bil opredeljen še kompleks 6a. Ker kompleksi 41, 43, 53, 55-57 in 6a ne vsebujejo opredeljivih ter s tem oštevilčenih kosov keramike, jih v nadaljevanju ne obravnavam več. Izpuščen je kompleks 24, ki naj bi vseboval najdbe, pobrane v žganini. Ker pod njegovo oznako ni shranjenih nobenih najdb, so bile te najverjetneje pridružene enemu izmed preostalih kompleksov, ki izhajajo iz žganinske plasti k zidu II pri x = -3 do -5, y = 5,50 do 7,50. ZID III IN LATENSKE PLASTI Nad plastjo drobirja je bila med y = 4,50 m in 8,50 m odkrita strnjena vrsta kamnov notranje fronte zidu III. Nad njimi je bila nato vse do humusa izkopana svetlorjava zemljena plast, v kateri so se pojavljali tudi že latenski ostanki (pril. 18).192 191 Pingel 1994, 62 ss, pril. 1 in 4. 192 Pingel 1994, 68 ss, pril. 1 in 4. construction of Wall II. The exterior face of the second rampart included the stones of the earliest wall, while the interior face was constructed roughly a metre further into the interior of the hillfort. A dense layer of small rubble was found just behind the rampart in the interior part of the trench and above the marmorised loam, which served as drainage, but also as levelling for the ground surface. The rubble was covered by a layer of dark brown earth (App. 18).191 The finds mainly collected among the stones of Wall II form Complexes 2, 3, 7, 10, 32, 33, 2a and 3a (Fig. 21; Pl. 76: 1, 3, 5, 6, 9), with Complexes 3 and 7 containing the finds from both the lower and upper parts of the rampart in the west part of the trench. The finds excavated east of y = 8m form Complexes 2 and 10, while those found east of y = 9.50m form Complexes 32 and 33. Complexes 2a and 3a comprise the finds from the lower and upper parts of the rampart excavated in the extension. Of those, Complex 33 does not include determinable pottery finds and is excluded from further discussion. Other finds associated with Wall II are those from the thick layer of small rubble. The finds from this layer in the west part of the trench form Complexes 8 and 9 (Fig. 21; Pl. 76: 2), the latter those from the lower part of the layer. The finds from the east part of the trench, where the layer was most dense, form Complexes 34-54. The finds from the bottom part of the layer form Complexes 40-41 and 52-54. Excavated further towards the top were the finds forming Complexes 35 and 37-39, even further up in the layer the finds of Complexes 43 and 44. The finds above those form Complexes 34, 36 and 42, but these combine the finds from the top part of the layer and those from the layer of dark brown earth above. The finds from the layer of rubble also form Complexes 55-58, which contain the finds collected while cleaning the south cross section; those from the lower part of the layer form Complexes 55 and 58, while those from the upper part form Complexes 56 and 57. Complex 59 comprises the finds from the dark brown layer above the layer of stone rubble. The finds below, from the layer of rubble collected in the east cross section form Complex 60. The rubble excavated in the 1974 extension yielded the finds forming Complexes 7a and 4a (Fig. 21; Pl. 76:7, 8). The finds from the dark brown layer excavated above the stone rubble in the extension form Complex 6a. Complexes 41, 43, 53, 55-57 and 6a do not contain determinable pottery finds and are excluded from further discussion.Also excluded is Complex 24, which presumably once contained the finds from the layer of burnt material. There are no finds marked with the number of this complex and they must have been added to one of the other complexes from the layer of burnt material associated with Wall II and excavated between x = -3 and -5m, y = 5.50 and 7.50m. 191 Pingel 1994, 63 ff, Apps. 1 and 4. 81 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS Najdbe, izkopane nad ostanki zidu II, to je ob skromnih ostankih zidu III, vsebujejo kompleksi 1 in 4-6 (sl. 21; t. 76: 10-13). Pri tem kompleks 4 sploh ne vsebuje keramike, preostali kompleksi pa združujejo najdbe, pobrane okoli notranje fronte zidu III, s posameznimi latenskimi ostanki tik pod humusom. ZUNANJOST NASELBINE Na pobočju tik za zunanjo fronto zidu I je bil nad rumeno marmorizirano ilovnato mrtvico, ki je prekrivala skalnato osnovo, izkopan pas drobirja. Kot je razvidno iz vzhodnega profila, lahko ta predstavlja še ostanek izgradnje zidu I (pril. 18).193 Iz najspodnjejšega pasu drobirja tik za zunanjo fronto zidu I izhaja kompleks 48, ki pa ne vsebuje opredeljivih kosov keramike, zato v nadaljevanju ne bo obravnavan. NASIP K ZIDU II Z izgradnjo zidu II povezan sloj drobirja je bil izkopan tudi na zunanjem pobočju. Tega je nato prekrilo nehomogeno zemljeno nasutje. Iz spodnje sivorjave zemljene plasti, ki ji sledi svetlorjava ter nato še temnor-java zemljena plast, se je sestavljen nasip k zidu II pri y = 5,50 m do 7,50 m izklinil že nekje pri x = -3 m. Tu je bila nad plastjo drobirja odkrita intenzivna žganina, ki tudi še lahko sodi k zidu II (pril. 18).194 Poleg kompleksov 12-17, 19-20, 22, 29, 31, 49-51 in 1a lahko najverjetneje z zidom II povezujemo tudi komplekse 18, 21, 23, 25-28 in 45-47 (sl. 22; t. 76:14), ki vsi izhajajo iz zunanjega dela sonde 20. Iz sloja drobirja v zahodnem delu sonde izhaja kompleks 29, iz vzhodnega dela pa kompleks 19. Nad slednjim je bil opredeljen kompleks 28, ki združuje najdbe iz plasti drobirja z najdbami iz žganine nad drobirjem. Iz žganine izhajajo še kompleksi 18, 21, 23, 25-27 in 45-47. Pri tem so bile najdbe kompleksov 45-47 pobrane v najspodnejšem delu žganine, v povsem vrhnjem delu žganine pa je bil opredeljen kompleks 18. Kompleksi 12-17, 20, 22, 31 in 49-51 vsebujejo najdbe, izkopane v nehomogenem zemljenem nasipu k zidu II. Najdbe iz najspodnjejšega dela nasipa vsebuje kompleks 51. Proti vrhu nasipa so bili nato opredeljeni kompleksi 50, 22 in 20, ki jim je sledil še kompleks 17. Od kompleksa 17 nekoliko višje so bile pobrane najdbe kompleksov 16, 49 in 15-13. Iz povsem vrhnjega dela nasipa izhajata še kompleksa 31 in 12. Najdbe iz zemljenega nasipa v podaljšku sonde iz leta 1974 vsebuje kompleks 1a. Ker kompleksi 15, 17, 22-23, 27, 29, 31 in 50-51 ne vsebujejo opredeljivih kosov keramike, jih v nadaljevanju ne obravnavam. 193 Pingel 1994, 60 ss, pril. 1 in 4. 194 Pingel 1994, 62 ss, pril. 1 in 4. WALL III AND LA T£NE LAYER The strip of stone rubble was covered between y = 4.50 and 8.50m by a continuous row of stones forming the interior face of Wall III. Excavated above the stones and to the topsoil was a layer of light brown earth, which yielded even La Tene remains (App. 18).192 The finds excavated above the remains of Wall II and along the scarce remains of Wall III form Complexes 1 and 4-6 (Fig. 21; Pl. 76:10-13). Complex 4 does not contain pottery finds, while the other complexes comprise the finds collected along the interior face of Wall III and individual La Tene finds unearthed just under the topsoil. HILLFORT EXTERIOR The bedrock on the slope along the exterior face of Wall I was covered by yellow marmorised loam, above which a strip of small stone rubble was found. The east cross section shows that this strip may have been produced during the construction of Wall I (App. 18).193 The finds from the strip of small stone rubble along the exterior face of Wall I form Complex 48, but will not be treated below as they do not include determinable pottery finds. EARTHWORK ASSOCIATED WITH WALL II Another strip of small rubble, this one connected with the construction of Wall II, was excavated on the slope outside the hillfort. It was covered by an inho-mogeneous earthwork excavated between y = 5.50 and 7.50m and consisting of the lower part of grey-brown earth and the upper part of light brown earth. It tapered out roughly at x = -3m. Here, the strip of small stone rubble was covered by a layer of dense burnt material, which may also be associated with Wall II (App. 18).194 The finds associated with Wall II form Complexes 12-17, 19-20, 22, 29, 31, 49-51 and 1a, most probably also Complexes 18, 21, 23, 25-28 and 45-47 from the exterior part of Trench 20 (Fig. 22; Pl. 76:14). The finds from the layer of small stone rubble in the west part of the trench form Complex 29, those from the east part form Complex 19. The finds above these form Complex 28, which combines the finds from the layers of rubble and of burnt material above. The latter layer also yielded the finds forming Complexes 18, 21, 23, 25-27 and 45-47. Of those, the finds of Complexes 45-47 were collected in the lowest part and those of Complex 18 in the top part. Complexes 12-17, 20, 22, 31 and 49-51 contain the finds from the 192 Pingel 1994, 69 ff, Apps. 1 and 4. 193 Pingel 1994, 59 ff, Apps. 1 and 4. 194 Pingel 1994, 63 ff, Apps. 1 and 4. 82 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS kompleks/Complex zid/Wall 11 12 13 14 16 18 19 20 21 25 26 28 45 46 47 49 1a Lt III II O O • •••o»«ooooooo»« Sl. 22: Korelacijska tabela zidov stiškega naselja in kompleksov iz zunanjega dela sonde 20. Fig. 22: Correlation table of the defensive walls and the complexes of finds from the exterior part of Trench 20. Na pobočju izven obzidja ne moremo nobenih plasti povezovati neposredno z zidom III. Na njegov obstoj morda kaže sloj grušča, ki je bil odkrit nad zgornjo temnorjavo plastjo zemljenega nasipa k zidu II v vzhodnem delu sonde. Sloj grušča je tako kot sam nasip vse do humusa prekrivala svetlorjava zemljena plast, v kateri so se pojavljali posamezni ruševinski kamni in tudi skromni latenski ostanki (pril. 18).195 Tako z zidom III kot tudi že z latenskim obdobjem povezujem kompleksa 11 in 30, ki vsebujeta najdbe iz svetlorjave zemljene plasti oziroma od zidu II stratigraf-sko mlajše plasti pod humusom. Ker kompleks 30 ne vsebuje opredeljivih ter s tem oštevilčenih kosov keramike, ga v nadaljevanju ne bom več obravnavala (sl. 22). SONDA 21 Po izkopu vzhodne razširitve sonde 20 se je ta neposredno nadaljevala v leta 1974 izkopani sondi 21 (sl. 1), kjer je bil odkrit zid II. Glede na situacijo v sondi 20 je upravičena domneva, da je bil znotraj zidu II, ohranjen tudi starejši zid I. Ker zid II z izkopavanji v sondi ni bil raziskan do temeljev, ostanki zidu I niso bili ugotovljeni.196 ZID II Nad rumeno marmorizirano ilovnato mrtvico, ki je prekrivala skalnato osnovo, je bil postavljen zid II. Tik za notranjo fronto zidu je bila nad ilovnato mrtvico kot v sondi 20 izkopana plast grušča. Tega je deloma prekrivala temnorjava zemljena plast, nad katero je bila vse do humusa izkopana še svetlorjava zemljena plast. V tej plasti so se pojavljali tudi že skromni latenski ostanki.197 Z zidom II povezujem komplekse 12-18, 20 in 21 (sl. 23; t. 75: 4-9), ki vsi izhajajo iz plasti grušča. Tako vsebuje najdbe iz povsem vrhnjega dela plasti grušča kompleks 12, najdbe kompleksa 18 pa so bile izkopane 195 Pingel 1994, 70 ss, pril. 4. 196 Pingel 1994, 56 ss, pril. 1. 197 Pingel 1994, 62 ss, pril. 6. inhomogeneous earthwork associated with Wall II. The finds from the lowest part of the earthwork form Complex 51. The finds towards the top of the earthwork form Complexes 50, 22 and 20, followed by those of Complex 17. Collected somewhat higher up of those of Complex 17 were the finds forming Complexes 16, 49 and 15-13. The top part of the earthwork yielded the finds of Complexes 31 and 12. The finds from the earthwork excavated in the 1974 extension form Complex 1a. Complexes 15, 17, 22-23, 27, 29, 31 and 50-51 do not include determinable pottery finds and are excluded from further discussion. None of the layers excavated on the exterior slope can be directly tied with Wall III. Its existence may be indicated by a layer of stone rubble found above the upper dark brown layer of the earthwork associated with Wall II, in the east part of Trench 20. The layer of rubble and the earthwork were covered by a layer of light brown earth that reached up to the topsoil. The light brown layer revealed individual debris stones and scarce La Tene remains (App. 18).195 The finds associated both with Wall III and the La Tene period form Complexes 11 and 30, which consist of the finds from the light brown layer, i.e. from the layer stratigraphically earlier than Wall II and unearthed under the topsoil. Complex 30 does not include de-terminable pottery finds and is excluded from further discussion (Fig. 22). TRENCH 21 After the end of excavations in Trench 20, another trench was opened up in 1974 directly adjacent to it in the east (Fig. 1). The new Trench 21 revealed Wall II. Considering the findings in Trench 20, the remains of Wall I were believed to be located under those of the second wall, which was not investigated to its foundations; hence, Wall I was not investigated either.196 WALL II The unearthed part of Wall II was constructed onto the yellow marmorised loam that covered the bedrock. Just behind the interior face of the wall, a layer of stone rubble was excavated above the marmorised loam just as in Trench 20. The rubble was partly overlain by a layer of dark brown earth, on top of which a layer of light brown earth was found under the topsoil. The light brown layer also revealed few finds from the La Tene period.197 The finds associated with Wall II form Complexes 12-18, 20 and 21 (Fig. 23; Pl. 75: 4-9), all excavated in the layer of rubble. Complex 12 contains the finds 195 Pingel 1994, 69 ff, App. 4. 196 Pingel 1994, 57 ff, App. 1. 197 Pingel 1994, 63 ff, App. 6. 83 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS kompleks / Complex notranjost/Interior zun. /Exter. zid/Wall 7-11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 4 5 6 Lt III II O O o o o ° Sl. 23: Korelacijska tabela zidov stiškega naselja in kompleksov sonde 21. Fig. 23: Correlation table of the defensive walls and the complexes of finds from Trench 21. že tik nad mrtvico. Pri čiščenju južnega profila so bile med gruščem pobrane najdbe kompleksa 20, medtem ko so bile najdbe, opredeljene kot kompleks 21, pobrane pri čiščenju te plasti v vzhodnem profilu. Nad plastjo grušča so bili vse do humusa opredeljeni še kompleksi 7-11 ter v južnem profilu kompleks 19 (sl. 23; t. 75:10, 11). Ker ti še lahko vsebujejo najdbe iz temnorjave zemljene plasti nad gruščem, v večjem delu pa izhajajo že iz svetlorjave zemljene plasti pod humusom jih, moramo najverjetneje povezovati tako z zidom II kot tudi z zidom III in ostanki latenske poselitve. NASIP K ZIDU II Na pobočju za zunanjo fronto zidu II je bil nad rumeno marmorizirano ilovnato mrtvico izkopan ne-strnjen pas grušča. Tega je tako kot v sondi 20 prekrivalo nehomogeno zemljeno nasutje k zidu II, ki ga je vse do humusa prekrivala še svetlorjava zemljena plast s posameznimi ruševinskimi kamni.198 Iz zemljenega nasipa k zidu II izhajajo kompleksi 4-6 (sl. 23). Pri tem lahko kompleks 6 vsebuje najdbe, ki so bile pobrane še v pasu grušča nad mrtvico; kompleks 4 pa vsebuje najdbe iz vrhnje temnorjave zemljene plasti nasipa. V svetlorjavi zemljeni plasti nad nasipom vse do humusa so bili opredeljeni kompleksi 1-3, od katerih so shranjene le najdbe kompleksa 3. Ker med njimi ni opredeljivih kosov keramike, jih v nadaljevanju ne obravnavam. 2.6 SONDE NA PREČNEM NASIPU Na prečnem nasipu, ki deli stiško gradišče na zgornji in spodnji del, so bile izkopane sond 9, 18 in 19 (sl. 1). V njih so bili odkriti ostanki dveh zidov (zid 1 in 2), ki ju stratigrafsko ne moremo povezati z zidovi zunanjega obzidja. Gre za latenska zidova, pod katerima so bile odkrite tudi halštatske kulturne plasti. Pri slednjih je 198 Pingel 1994, 66 ss. from the top part and Complex 18 those excavated just above the marmorised loam. The finds of Complex 20 were collected while cleaning the south cross section, while the finds of Complex 21 were collected from the east cross section. The finds unearthed above the stone rubble and under the topsoil form Complexes 7-11 and 19 (Fig. 23; Pl. 75:10, 11), the last found in the south cross section. These complexes may include the finds from the dark brown layer above the rubble, but mostly include the finds from the light brown layer under the topsoil. They can be associated both with Wall II and Wall III, but also with La Tene habitation. EARTHWORK ASSOCIATED WITH WALL II The slope outside the hillfort revealed the yellow marmorised loam covered by an interrupted strip of stone rubble. As in Trench 20, the rubble was covered by an inhomogeneous, dark brown earthwork associated with Wall II and then by a layer of light brown earth with individual debris stones that reached to the topsoil.198 The finds from the earthen deposit form Complexes 4-6 (Fig. 23). Complex 6 may include the finds collected in the strip of rubble, while Complex 4 consists of those from the upper part of the earthwork. The finds from the layer of light brown earth form Complexes 1-3, of which only those of Complex 3 have survived. They do not include determinable pottery finds and are excluded from further discussion. 2.6 TRENCHES ON THE CROSSWALL The embankment that divided the Stična hillfort into the upper and lower parts was investigated with three trenches (Fig. 1). Trenches 9, 18 and 19 revealed the remains of two crosswalls (Walls 1 and 2), which can stratigraphically not be connected with the ramparts. Both walls are La Tene in date, under which Hallstatt cultural layers representing the remains of several houses were unearthed.199 The trenches on the transverse embankment will be presented in geographical order from west to east, beginning with Trench 18 and ending with Trench 9. The stratigraphy and analysis of the complexes of finds will be presented by first discussing the Hallstatt remains according to individual houses (Houses 1-4), followed by a presentation of the La Tene walls (Walls 1 and 2) and associated cultural Layers a, b and c, with Layer a stratigraphically earliest and Layer c latest. 198 Pingel 1994, 67ff. 199 Teržan 1994, 121 ff, Apps. 27-30. 84 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS bilo ugotovljeno, da gre za ostanke posameznih bivalnih objektov.199 Sonde s prečnega nasipa bomo obravnavali kot si sledijo od zahoda proti vzhodu, to je od sonde 18 in 19 do sonde 9. Oris stratigrafije in analiza kompleksov bosta strukturirana tako, da bomo po posameznih objektih (npr. hiša 1-4) najprej obravnavali halštatske ostaline. Temu bo sledila še obravnava latenskih zidov (zid 1 in 2) ter njima pripadajočih kulturnih plasti. Te bomo pri analizi kompleksov poimenovali npr. plast a, b in c, pri čemer bo plast a stratigrafsko najstarejša, plast c pa najmlajša. SONDA 18 V leta 1972 izkopani sondi 18 sta bila poleg laten-skih zidov s pripadajočimi kulturnimi plastmi odkrita tudi dva halštatska objekta - hiši.200 HIŠA 1 Med x = 1,60 in -4 m je bila odkrita ploščad hiše 1. Ta je stala na dveh, s stopnico ločenih, v rumeno marmorizirano ilovnato mrtvico vsekanih terasah. Ob robu vrhnje terase so med x = 0 m in 1,80 m ležali veliki, najverjetneje temeljni kamni zahodne stene hiše. Ob njih so v notranjosti objekta ležali zogleneli ostanki lesene konstrukcije. K hišni konstrukciji sodita tudi stojki pri x = -1,30 m, y = 0,60 m in pri x = -0,10 m, y = 3,30 m. Stojki je prekrivala črnosiva kulturna plast hiše, s številnimi kosi ometa, drobci oglja ter drugimi najdbami. Kulturna plast hiše 1 je bila dobro vidna v obeh vzdolžnih profilih sonde, pri čemer je v severovzhodnem profilu segala vse do x = -5,20 m. Kulturna plast je od konca hišne ploščadi pri x = -4 m deloma segala tudi še nad plast rumene ilovice, ki najdb ni vsebovala (pril. 19).201 Najdbe iz kulturne plasti hiše 1 vsebujejo kompleksi 9, 11, 13 in 21-24 (sl. 24; t. 77). Pri tem vsebuje najdbe iz najspodnejšega dela plasti med x = 0 m in -3 m kompleks 23. Nad njim je bil pri x = 0 m do -3,50 m opredeljen kompleks 22, ki mu je proti vrhu plasti sledil še med x = -2 m in -5,50 m opredeljen kompleks 21. Iz najdbnega kompleksa 21 so bile izvzete in opredeljene kot kompleks 24 najdbe, pobrane nad plastjo rumene ilovice pri x = -4,20 m. Kompleksi 9, 11 in 13 izhajajo iz ostalin hiše 1 na zgornji terasi med x = 0 m in 1,60 m. Tako je bil v spodnjem delu kulturne plasti hiše med x = 0 m in 1 m opredeljen kompleks 13. Nekoliko višje so bile pri x = 0 m do 1,50 m pobrane najdbe kompleksa 11. Iz profila na y = 3,65 m pa izhaja najdba opredeljena kot kompleks 9. 199 Teržan 1994, 120 ss, pril. 27-30. 200 Teržan 1994, 120 ss, pril. 27 in 28. 201 Teržan 1994, 120, sl. 116 in 117, pril. 28. TRENCH 18 Trench 18 was excavated in 1972 and revealed La Tene walls with associated cultural layers, as well as two Hallstatt houses.200 HOUSE 1 House 1 stood on two terraces divided with a step and dug into the yellow marmorised loam, with the platform of the house excavated between x = 1.60 and -4m. Unearthed between x = 0 and 1.80m along the edge of the upper terrace were large stones believed to represent the foundation stones of the house's west wall. In the interior, the stones were lined with the charred remains of a wooden construction. Two post holes were also found, at x = -1.30m, y = 0.60 and at x = -0.10m, y = 3.30m. They were covered by the black-grey cultural layer of the house that contained numerous pieces of daub, bits of charcoal and other finds. The cultural layer was clearly visible in both cross sections placed lengthwise in the trench and reached to x = -5.20m in the northeast cross section. The cultural layer also reached beyond the house's platform at x = -4m and there covered the yellow loam without finds (App. 19).201 The finds from the cultural layer of House 1 form Complexes 9, 11, 13 and 21-24 (Fig. 24; Pl. 77). Those from the bottom part of the layer between x = 0 and -3m form Complex 23. The finds above these and between x = 0 and -3.50m form Complex 22, followed towards the top between x = -2 and -5.50m by the finds of Complex 21. The finds collected above the layer of yellow loam at x = -4.20m were taken from Complex 21 to form Complex 24. Complexes 9, 11 and 13 contain the finds from the remains of House 1 on the upper terrace between x = 0 and 1.60m. The finds from the lower part of the cultural layer between x = 0 and 1m form Complex 13. Those collected further up and between x = 0 and 1.50m form Complex 11. The find from the cross section at y = 3.65m constitutes Complex 9. HOUSE 2 The layer of yellow loam under the cultural layer of House 1 reached to around x = -7m in the northeast cross section. At x = -7.20m, the terrace for House 2 was dug into the yellow marmorised loam, which was covered by a thick black-grey cultural layer that reached to the edge of the trench at x = -10m.202 This cultural layer revealed 200 Terzan 1994, 121 ff. Apps. 27 and 28. 201 Terzan 1994, 121, Figs. 116 and 117, App. 28. 202 Because of unchanged stratigraphy in the last two metres, the southwest and north-east cross sections are only published to x = -8 m (App. 19; Terzan 1994, Apps. 27 and 28). 85 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS kompleks / Complex zid/Wall 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 zid/Wall 2 • • • •• • • c Lt zid/Wall! b • • • • « • « • • « a O • hiša / House 2 Ha hiša/House 1 • « • • • • • • • • Sl. 24: Korelacijska tabela odkritih plasti in kompleksov iz sonde 18. Fig. 24: Correlation table of the layers and the complexes of finds from Trench 18. HIŠA 2 Plast rumene ilovice pod kulturno plastjo hiše 1 je v severovzhodnem profilu segala vse do okoli x = -7 m. Pri x = -7,20 m je bila nato v rumeno marmorizirano ilovnato mrtvico vsekana terasa hiše 2. Teraso je prekrivala debela črnosiva kulturna plast, ki je segala vse do konca izkopa sonde pri x = -10 m.202 V njej se je do okrog x = -7,60 m pojavljalo številno drobno kamenje, ki je očitno služilo za drenažo severne stene hiše.203 Iz kulturne plasti hiše 2 izhajajo kompleksi 25-27 (sl. 24; t. 78), ki so bili vsi opredeljeni med x = -7 m in -10 m. Najdbe iz najspodnejšega dela plasti tako vsebuje kompleks 27. Nad njim je bil opredeljen kompleks 25, najdbe iz vrhnjega dela plasti pa vsebuje kompleks 26. LATENSKE PLASTI: ZID 1 Ruševinske ostanke hiše 2 in deloma tudi hiše 1 je prekrivala sivorjava zemljena plast. Gre za izravnalno naselbinsko plast, ki je hkrati tudi latenskodobna hodna površina. Med x = 8 m in 4 m je bila odkrita tik nad rumeno marmorizirano ilovnato mrtvico. Nad ruševin-skimi ostanki hiše 1 okoli x = 0 m je neizrazito prešla v nekoliko svetlejšo rumenkastorjavo zemljeno plast, ki jo je v tem predelu tudi prekrivala. Rumenkastorjava zemljena plast, ki je povsod ni bilo moč dobro ločevati od sivorjave zemljene plasti, ležeče nad njo, je bila v jugozahodnem profilu vidna že od x = 2 m do -2 m, v severovzhodnem pa je segala od x = 5 m do 2,50 m ter od x = 1,60 m do -1 m. Nad njo je bil pri x = -0,20 m do -1,60 m postavljen slabše ohranjen zid 1. Na pobočju za zidom je ležala tanka temnorjava kulturna plast, ki je prekrivala tako rumenorjavo kot tudi sivorjavo zemljeno plast in je v jugozahodnem profilu segala vse do x = -4 m. Temnorjava zemljena plast se je posula tudi dalje po pobočju in je tako med x = -4 m in -8 m vsebovala že ruševinske kamne zidu 1 (pril. 19).204 202 Ker se stratigrafija v zadnjih dveh metrih ni spremenila sta jugozahodni in severovzhodni profil objavljena le do x = -8 m (pril. 19; Teržan 1994, pril. 27 in 28). 203 Teržan 1994, 120, pril. 28. 204 Teržan 1994, 120, pril. 28. numerous small stones to around x = -7.60m, which apparently served as drainage for the house's north wall.203 The finds from the cultural layer of House 2 form Complexes 25-27 (Fig. 24; Pl. 78), unearthed between x = -7 and -10m. The finds from the bottom part of the layer form Complex 27, those above form Complex 25, while the finds from the upper part form Complex 26. LA T£NE LAYERS: WALL 1 The debris of House 2 and in part also of House 1 was overlain by a layer of grey-brown earth. This is a levelling habitation layer that represented the ground surface in the La Tene period. Between x = 8 and 4m, it was unearthed directly above the yellow marmorised loam. Above the debris of House 1 around x = 0m, the grey-brown layer showed a smooth transition into a slightly lighter layer of yellowish-brown earth and partially also covered it. The yellowish brown layer could not always be clearly distinguished from another layer of grey-brown earth documented above and was visible in the southwest cross section already between x = 2 and -2m, while in the northeast cross section it reached from x = 5 to 2.50m and from x = 1.60 to -1m. On top of it and between x = -0.20 and -1.60m, the poorly preserved Wall 1 was unearthed. The slope behind this wall revealed a thin dark brown cultural layer, that covered both the yellowish-brown and the upper grey-brown layer, and reached in the southwest cross section to x = -4m. The dark brown layer slid down the slope and between x = -4 and -8m included the debris stones of Wall 1 (App. 19).204 The finds connected with Wall 1 and the associated layers form Complexes 5, 8, 10, 12 and 16-20 (Fig. 24). The finds unearthed between x = 0 and -2.50m form Complex 20 and contain the finds from layer of yellowish-brown earth on which the wall was constructed and is here named Layer a. The finds of Complex 18 probably also originate from Layer a at x = 2.50m. The finds from grey-brown layer, i.e. Layer b form Complexes 5, 8, 10, 12, 16-17 and in part also Complex 4 (Fig. 24; Pl. 79: 1- 7). Complex 5 contains the finds 203 Terzan 1994, 121, App. 28. 204 Terzan 1994, 121 ff, App. 28. 86 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS Z zidom 1 in njemu pripadajočimi plastmi povezujem komplekse 5, 8, 10, 12 in 16-20 (sl. 24). Med x = 0 m in -2,50 m opredeljen kompleks 20 tako vsebuje najdbe iz rumenorjave plasti, to je plasti a na katero je bil zid 1 postavljen. Iz rumenorjave plasti pri x = 2,50 m najverjetneje izhaja tudi kompleks 18. Iz sivorjave zemljene plasti ali plasti b izhajajo kompleksi 5, 8, 10, 12, 16-17 ter deloma tudi kompleks 4 (sl. 24; t. 79:1- 7). Kompleks 5 vsebuje najdbe iz spodnjega dela te plasti med x = 8 m in 4 m. Med x = 4 m in 2 m se nadaljuje s kompleksom 12, nad katerim je bil pri x = 4 m do 0 m opredeljen kompleks 10. Temu že v vrhnjem delu plasti med x = 4 m in 0 m sledi še kompleks 8. Iz sivorjave zemljene plasti med x = 0 m in -1,80 m izhaja kompleks 16, ki se deloma ujema z med x = -1 m in -4 m opredeljenim kompleksom 17. Deloma izhaja iz plasti b še kompleks 4. Ta je bil opredeljen nad kompleksom 5 med x = 8 m in 4 m. Ker združuje najdbe iz vrhnjega dela sivorjave plasti s tistimi, ki so že ležale v svetlorjavi zemljeni plasti pod humusom, ga povezujem tako z zidom 1 kot tudi z zidom 2. Iz temnorjave zemljene plasti na pobočju za zidom 1 ali plasti c izhaja kompleks 19 in delno še kompleks 15. Kompleks 19 vsebuje najdbe, izkopane med x = -4 m in -8 m. Ker pa vsebuje med x = 0 m in -8 m opredeljen kompleks 15 tudi že najdbe iz svetlorjave plasti pod humusom, ga povezujem tako z zidom 1 kot tudi z zidom 2 (sl. 24; t. 79: 8-13). LATENSKE PLASTI: ZID 2 Ruševino zidu 1 je vse do humusa prekrivala svetlorjava zemljena plast, v kateri je bil pri x = 2 m do 3,60 m odkrit zid 2. Ta je bil postavljen vrh sivorjave izravnalne plasti (pril. 19).205 Iz svetlorjave zemljene plasti pod humusom, ki jo povezujem z zidom 2 izhajajo kompleksi 2-3, 6-7 in 14 (sl. 24; t. 80: 1-14). Pri x = 8 m do 4 m sta bila opredeljena kompleksa 3 in 2, slednji vsebuje najdbe iz povsem vrhnjega dela plasti. Iz tega dela plasti med x = 4 m in 0 m izhaja tudi kompleks 6, ki je bil opredeljen nad kompleksom 7. Najdbe iz svetlorjave zemljene plasti med x = 0 m in -8 m vsebuje kompleks 14. Poleg kompleksa 1, ki vsebuje nestratificirane in tako neopredeljive najdbe iz humusa, je izpuščen še kompleks 28 (t. 80:15-17). Ta vsebuje najdbe, pobrane pri čiščenju profilov, ki v večini izhajajo iz latenskih plasti in zahtevajo individualno obravnavo. SONDA 19 Na robu kraške kotanje v osrednjem delu prečnega nasipa je bila leta 1972 izkopana sonda 19 (sl. 1). V njej 205 Teržan 1994, 120, pril. 28. from the lower part of this layer between x = 8 and 4m. The finds continued between x = 4 and 2m and form Complex 12, while those found further up and between x = 4 and 0m form Complex 10. This is followed by the finds from the upper part of the grey-brown layer between x = 4 and 0m that form Complex 8. The finds recovered between x = 0 and -1.80m form Complex 16, and partially overlap the finds unearthed between x = -1 and -4m and forming Complex 17. The finds of Complex 4 came to light above those of Complex 5 between x = 8 and 4m. It comprises some finds from the upper part of Layer b, as well as the finds from the layer of light brown earth under the topsoil, and can thus be associated both with Wall 1 and Wall 2. The finds from dark brown layer on the slope behind the wall here named Layer c form Complex 19 and partly also Complex 15. The former contains the finds excavated between x = -4 and -8m. The latter comprises the finds excavated between x = 0 and -8m, but also those found in the light brown layer under the topsoil and can therefore be connected both with Wall 1 and Wall 2 (Fig. 24; Pl. 79: 8-13). LA TENE LAYERS: WALL 2 The debris of Wall 1 was covered up to the topsoil by a layer of light brown earth, in which Wall 2 was unearthed between x = 2 and 3.60m. The wall was constructed on top of the grey-brown levelling layer (App. 19).205 The finds from the light brown layer connected with Wall 2 form Complexes 2-3, 6-7 and 14 (Fig. 24; Pl. 80:1-14). The finds excavated between x = 8 and 4m form Complexes 3 and 2, the latter those from the top part of the layer. The same part between x = 4 and 0m also yielded the finds of Complex 6, which were found above those of Complex 7. The finds unearthed between x = 0 and -8m form Complex 14. The finds excluded from discussion are those of Complex 1, which contains unstratified and thus undeterminable finds from the topsoil, as well as those of Complex 28, which comprises the finds collected mostly in the La Tene layers while cleaning the cross section and thus demand individual analysis (Pl. 80:15-17). TRENCH 19 This trench was excavated in 1972 on the edge of a karst depression in the central part of the transverse embankment (Fig. 1). It revealed the remains of four Hallstatt houses and two La Tene walls (App. 20).206 205 Teržan 1994, 123, App. 28. 206 Teržan 1994, 123 ff. 87 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS so bili odkriti ostanki štirih halštatskih objektov - hiš in latenska zidova (pril. 20).206 HIŠA 1 Hiša 1 v objavljenem jugozahodnem profilu ni vidna. Nahajala se je nad nekoliko zravnano rumeno marmorizirano ilovnato mrtvico med x = -5,20 m in -8 m in se je nadaljevala severovzhodno izven izko-pnega polja sonde. V jugozahodnem delu hodne hišne površine je segala do okoli x = -4 m sivorjava kulturna plast, polna kosov hišnega ometa, pomešanega z drobci žganine (pril. 20).207 Iz hiše 1 izhajata kompleksa 38 in 39. V spodnjem delu kulturne plasti je bil med x = -4 m in -8 m opredeljen kompleks 39, v zgornjem pa kompleks 38 (sl. 25; t. 82:1-5). HIŠA 2 Nad rumeno marmorizirano ilovnato mrtvico je v jugozahodnem profilu med x = -1 m in -4 m dobro vidna siva kulturna plast hiše 2. Zunanjo, to je vzhodno steno te poševno v pobočje vsekane hiše predstavljajo veliki temeljni kamni, ki so ležali med x = -1,50 m in -4,70 m. Zahodna oziroma notranja stena, ki ni imela kamnitega temelja, je bila dokumentirana med x = -1 m in -1,50 m. Celotna ruševina hiše 2 je bila prekrita z debelim slojem izravnalne rumene ilovice, ki je v jugozahodnem profilu segala vse od x = -0,30 m do konca izkopnega polja sonde pri x = -8 m (pril. 20).208 Najdbe iz kulturne plasti hiše 2 vsebuje med x = -1,40 m in -4 m opredeljen kompleks 41 (sl. 25; t. 81). S hišo 2 povezujem tudi kompleks 40 (sl. 25). Ta vsebuje najdbe, ki so ležale tik nad ruševino hiše, že v plasti izravnalne rumene ilovice med x = 0 m in -8 m. HIŠA 3 Med x = -0,60 m in 2,20 m je bila v mrtvico vkopana hiša 3, ki je bila v tlorisu polkrožne oblike in se je na jugozahodni strani nadaljevala izven izkopnega polja sonde. Na dnu hišne jame je bilo izkopanih več slojev žganine, med seboj ločenih z lečami rumene ilovice. Nad žganino je bila odkrita še do 0,40 m debela temnosiva kulturna plast, ki jo je prekrivala rdečerjava zemlje-na plast. Gre za izravnalno plast ruševin, ki je segala najmanj do x = -1 m, pa tudi čez domnevno temeljni 206 Teržan 1994, 124 ss. 207 Teržan 1994, 124 ss. 208 Teržan 1994, 126, sl. 119. HOUSE 1 House 1 is not visible in the published southwest cross section. It was excavated above the slightly levelled yellow marmorised loam between x = -5.20 and -8 and continued to the northeast outside the trench. In the southwest part, the house's ground surface was formed by a grey-brown cultural layer that reached to around x = -4m; the cultural layer included numerous pieces of house daub mixed with bits ofburnt material (App. 20).207 The finds from House 1 form Complexes 38 and 39. Those of Complex 39 were excavated in the lower part of the cultural layer between x = -4 and -8m, while the finds of Complex 38 were unearthed in the upper part (Fig. 25; Pl. 82:1-5). HOUSE 2 The southwest cross section between x = -1 and -4m clearly showed that the yellow marmorised loam was covered by the cultural layer of House 2. The house was dug into the slope. The large foundation stones unearthed between x = -1.50 and -4.70m belong to its east wall. The west wall did not have a stone foundation and was documented between x = -1 and -1.50m. The whole area of House 2 was covered by a thick layer of levelling yellow loam that reached in the southwest cross section from x = -0.30m to the edge of the trench at x = -8m (App. 20).208 The finds from the cultural layer of House 2 excavated between x = -1.40 and -4m form Complex 41 (sl. 25; t. 81). Also associated with House 2 are the finds of Complex 40 (Fig. 25), which include those excavated just above the debris of the house, already in the layer of levelling yellow loam between x = 0 and -8m. HOUSE 3 The third house was dug between x = -0.60 and 2.20m into the marmorised loam. It was semicircular in plan and continued outside the trench in the southwest. Covering the house's floor were several layers of burnt material separated by lenses of yellow loam. The layers of burnt material were covered by an up to 0.40m thick dark grey cultural layer, overlain by a layer of red-brown earth. The last is a levelling layer of debris that reaches at least to x = -1m, but presumably continued on the other side of the foundation stones unearthed in the southwest cross section at x = 2.40m (App. 20).209 The finds associated with House 3 form Complexes 17 and 27-32 (Fig. 25; Pls. 82:6-13; 83, 84). Complex 32 consists of the finds from the layers of burnt material on 207 Terzan 1994, 125. 208 Terzan 1994, 125, Fig. 119. 209 Terzan 1994, 125 ff. 88 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS kompleks / Complex zid/Wall 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 b zid/Wall 2 a • • • • • Lt • • • zid/Wall1 • • • • • • • • • • • • hiša/House4 • • • Ha hiša/House3 • hiša / House 2 • • hiša/House 1 • • Sl. 25: Korelacijska tabela odkritih plasti in kompleksov iz sonde 19. Fig. 25: Correlation table of the layers and the complexes of finds from Trench 19. kamen hiše, ki je ležal v jugozahodnem profilu pri x = 2,40 m (pril. 20).209 S hišo 3 povezujem komplekse 17 in 27-32 (sl. 25; t. 82:6-13; 83, 84). Kompleks 32 izhaja iz slojev žganine na dnu hišne jame. V kulturni plast nad njimi je bil opredeljen kompleks 30, ki mu je proti vrhu plasti sledil še kompleks 29. Najdbe iz rdečerjave ruševinske plasti vsebujejo kompleksi 17, 27-28 in 31. V spodnjem delu plasti je bil med x = -1,50 m in 2 m opredeljen kompleks 17, ki se deloma ujema z med x = 1,10 m do 3,40 m opredeljenim kompleksom 28. V vrhnjem delu ruševinske plasti sta bila nato opredeljena še kompleks 27 med x = 3,40 m do 1,10 m in med x = 1 m in -0,50 m kompleks 31. HIŠA 4 Nad rumeno marmorizirano ilovnato mrtvico med približno x = 3 m in 8 m je bil odkrit pas drobnega kamenja. Gre za tlak hiše 4, ki je bil viden tudi v jugozahodnem profilu. Pri x = 3 m je bil tlak omejen z velikimi, prečno položenimi temeljnimi kamni vzhodne stene hiše. Ob njih je do okrog x = 5 m ležal sloj žganine s kosi hišnega ometa, ki ga je tako kot sam kamniti tlak nato prekrivala še rdečerjava ruševinska plast. Ta je bila izkopana vse od severnega roba izkopnega polja sonde pri x = 8 m, pri čemer so ji neprekinjeno sledili vse do ostalin hiše 3 okrog x = 2,50 m (pril. 20).210 Iz ostalin hiše 4 izhajajo kompleksi 8-12 in 18-20 (sl. 25; t. 85:1-10). V povsem spodnjem delu kamnitega tlaka pri x = 8 m do 5,60 m so bile pobrane najdbe iz kompleksa 9. Nad njim je bil opredeljen kompleks 10, ki vsebuje najdbe, pobrane med kamni tlaka kot tudi že najdbe iz vrhnje rdečerjave ruševinske plasti. Iz vrhnjega dela te plasti med x = 8 m in 5,60 m izhaja kompleks 8. Deloma vsebuje najdbe iz rdečerjave ruševinske plasti še kompleks 12. Ta je bil opredeljen med x = 5,50 m in 3,40 m in poleg omenjenih najdb vsebuje predvsem tiste 209 Teržan 1994, 126. 210 Teržan 1994, 126, sl. 121 in 123. the house's floor. The finds from the overlying cultural layer form Complex 30, followed by those excavated towards the top of the layer that form Complex 29. The finds from the red-brown layer of debris form Complexes 17, 27-28 and 31. Of those, the finds forming Complex 17 were excavated in the lower part of the layer between x = -1.50 and 2m, and they partially overlap the finds excavated between x = 1.10 and 3.40m and forming Complex 28. The finds from the upper part of the debris layer form Complexes 27 and 31; the former consists of the finds excavated between x = 3.40 and 1.10m, the latter those found between x = 1 and -0.50m. HOUSE 4 Above the yellow marmorised loam, excavations revealed a strip of small stones roughly between x = 3 and 8m. The strip represents the floor of House 4, which was also visible in the southwest cross section. The large perpendicularly laid foundation stones of the east wall delimited the floor at x = 3m. Excavated along them to around x = 5m was a layer of burnt material with pieces of daub. Both the floor and the layer of burnt material were covered by a red-brown debris layer excavated from the north edge of the trench at x = 8m to the remains of House 3 roughly at x = 2.50m (App. 20).210 The finds excavated among the remains of House 4 form Complexes 8-12 and 18-20 (Fig. 25; Pl. 85:1-10). Complex 9 consists of the finds from the lowest part of the floor between x = 8 and 5.60m. The finds further up form Complex 10, which thus contains both the finds collected among the stones of the floor and the finds from the overlying red-brown debris layer. Complex 8 comprises the finds from the upper part of the debris layer between x = 8 and 5.60m. Complex 12 contains the finds excavated between x = 5.50 and 3.40m in the debris layer and even more the finds from the layer of burnt remains. Above those of Complex 12, Complex 210 Teržan 1994, 127, Figs 121 and 123. 89 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS iz sloja žganine nad kamnitim tlakom. Nad kompleksom 12 je bil v rdečerjavi ruševinski plasti med x = 5,50 m in 4,60 m opredeljen še kompleks 11. Najdbe iz rdečerjave ruševinske plasti med x = 3,40 m in 2 m vsebujejo kompleksi 18-20, pri čemer vsebuje kompleks 20 najdbe iz najspodnejšega, kompleks 18 pa iz vrhnjega dela plasti. 11 contained the finds from the debris layer excavated between x = 5.50 and 4.60m. Complexes 18-20 comprise the finds from that red-brown layer excavated between x = 3.40 and 2m, with Complex 20 containing those from the lowest and Complex 18 those from the highest part of the layer. LATENSKE PLASTI: ZID 1 Nad rdečerjavo ruševinsko plastjo vrh ostalin hiše 4 in 3 je ležala sivorjava zemljena plast. Plast je segala vse do okrog x = 0,80 m, kjer je na njej ležala severna fronta v sondi 19 dobro ohranjenega zidu 1. Sivorjava zemljena plast je bila v jugozahodnem profilu vidna še med x = -1,50 m in -2,50 m. Na njej je pri x = -2 m stala navzven nagnjena južna fronta zidu 1 (pril. 20).211 Z zidom 1 povezujem komplekse 5-7, 15-16, 23-26, 33 in 36-37 (sl. 25; t. 85: 11, 12; 86, 87: 1-5), ki vsi vsebujejo najdbe iz sivorjave zemljene plasti, na kateri je bil zid zgrajen. Med x = 8 m in 5,60 m so bili opredeljeni kompleksi 5-7, kompleks 7 vsebuje najdbe iz spodnjega dela plasti, kompleks 5 pa iz vrhnjega. Najdbe iz najspodnejšega dela sivorjave plasti med x = 5,50 m in 3,40 m vsebuje kompleks 33. Nad njim je bili v vrhnjem delu plasti opredeljen kompleks 23. Pri x = 3,40 m do 1,10 m so bili od dna proti vrhu plasti nato opredeljeni kompleksi 26-24, ki se deloma ujemajo z med x = 4 in 0 m opredeljenim kompleksom 15. Med x = 1 m do -2 m, to je v tistem delu sivorjave plasti, kjer je bil zgrajen sam zid, je bil opredeljen kompleks 16. Najdbe iz sivorjave plasti na pobočju med x = -2 m in -4 m vsebuje še kompleks 37, ki se ujema z med x = -3 m in -4 m opredeljenim kompleksom 36. LATENSKE PLASTI: ZID 2 Vrh sivorj ave zemlj ene plasti, na kateri je pri x = 0,80 m do -2 m ležal zid 1, je bila pri x = 3,80 m postavljena tudi južna fronta zidu 2. Ta je bil očitno kasneje popravljan, saj so pri x = 5,50 m odkriti kamni severne fronte zidu ležali že na nivoju naslednje, to je temnorjave zemljene plasti. Temnorjava zemljena plast je bila tako izkopana vse od skrajnega roba izkopnega polja sonde pri x = 8 m do okoli x = 4 m ter nato med obema zidovoma pri x = 3,80 m do 0,80 m. Med zidovoma je bil na njeni površini odkrit kamniti vogal latenske hiše, ki se je nadaljevala proti vzhodu in tako v večjem delu ostala neraziskana izven sonde. Nad ostanki latenske hiše, ki jih je deloma že prekrivala ruševina zidu 2, je bila nato vse do humusa izkopana svetlorjava zemljena plast. Ta je ležala pod humusom tudi med x = 5,50 m do 8 m ali severno od 211 Teržan 1994, 126. LA TENE LAYERS: WALL 1 The red-brown debris layer above the remains of Houses 4 and 3 was covered by a layer of grey-brown earth. This layer was documented to around x = 0.80m, where it was covered by the north face of the well preserved Wall 1. In the southwest cross section, the layer was also visible between x = -1.50 and -2.50m. On top of it at x = -2m stood the outward-leaning south face of first crosswall (App. 20).211 The finds associated with Wall 1 form Complexes 5-7, 15-16, 23-26, 33 and 36-37 (Fig. 25; Pls. 85: 11, 12; 86, 87: 1-5), all excavated in the grey-brown layer on top of which the crosswall was constructed. The finds excavated between x = 8 and 5.60m form Complexes 5-7, with Complex 7 containing the finds from the lower and Complex 5 those from the upper part. Complex 33 comprises the finds from the lowest part of the layer between x = 5.50 and 3.40m, while the finds from the upper part of the layer form Complex 23. The finds excavated between x = 3.40 and 1.10m form Complexes 26-24, with those of Complex 26 found deepest and of Complex 24 excavated highest. They partially overlap those found between x = 4 and 0m forming Complex 15. The part of the layer covered by Wall 1, i.e. between x = 1 and -2m, yielded the finds of Complex 16. The finds excavated on the slope between x = -2 and -4m form Complex 37, which partially overlap those found between x = -3 and -4m and forming Complex 36. LA TENE LAYERS: WALL 2 Built at x = 3.80m on top of the layer of grey-brown earth, which also held Wall 1 constructed between x = 0.80 and -2m, was the south face of Wall 2. This face seemed to have been subsequently repaired, as suggested by the stones of the north face found at x = 5.50m at the level of the layer of dark brown earth. The dark brown layer was thus excavated from the edge of Trench 19 at x = 8 to around x = 4m, and again between the two crosswalls between x = 3.80 and 0.80m. On top of the layer between the two walls, excavations unearthed the stone corner of a house from the La Tene period that continued eastwards outside the trench. The remains of the La Tene house were partly covered by the debris of Wall 2, but also by a layer of light brown earth that 211 Terzan 1994, 127. 90 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS zidu 2 ter na pobočju med x = -2,50 m do -8 m, kjer so v njej ležali številni ruševinski kamni zidu 1 (pril. 20).212 Z zidom 2 je neposredno povezan kompleks 22, ki vsebuje najdbe, pobrane med kamni samega zidu, vendar pa med njimi ni opredeljivih in s tem oštevilčenih kosov keramike. Najdbe iz temnorjave zemljene plasti, to je plasti a, vsebujejo kompleksi 4, 14 in 21 (sl. 25; t. 87:6-12). Pri tem so bile najdbe, izkopane med x = 8 m in 5,50 m, združene v kompleks 4, tiste, ki so bile izkopane med x = 5,50 m in 0 m, pa v kompleks 14. Kompleks 14 se tako ujema s kompleksom 21, opredeljenim pri x = 3,40 m do 1,10 m. Iz svetlorjave zemljene plasti pod humusom, to je plasti b, izhajajo kompleksi 2-3, 13 in 34-35 (sl. 25; t. 87: 13-22). Najdbe iz spodnjega dela te plasti med x = 8 m in 5,50 m vsebuje kompleks 3. Nad njim je bil že v vrhnjem delu plasti opredeljen kompleks 2, ki vsebuje tudi najdbe, izkopane v svetlorjavi plasti tik pod humusom pri x = 3 m do 1 m. Preostale najdbe iz svetlorjave zemljene plasti v tem delu sonde vsebuje kompleks 13, ki je bil sicer opredeljen vse od x = 5,50 m do 0 m. Tudi kompleks 2 vsebuje najdbe iz svetlorjave plasti skupaj z ruševinami zidu 1 pri x = -1 m do -8 m. V tem delu se kompleks 2 deloma ujema s kompleksoma 34 in 35. Oba namreč vsebujeta najdbe, pobrane med ruševin-skimi kamni zidu 1 v svetlorjavi plasti, pri čemer je bil kompleks 34 opredeljen pri x = 0 m do -4 m, kompleks 35 pa pri x = -3 m do -4 m. Ker vsebuje najdbe, pobrane pri čiščenju profilov, ki zahtevajo individualno obravnavo, je izpuščen kompleks 42 (t. 87:23). Pravtako je izpuščen kompleks 1ki vsebuje nestratificirane najdbe iz humusa. SONDA 9 Ze leta 1969 je bila v severovzhodnem delu prečnega nasipa izkopana sonda 9 (sl. 1). V njej so bile odkrite le latenske plasti ter ruševine obeh latenskih zidov (pril. 21).213 LATENSKE PLASTI: ZID 1 Na vrhu pobočja med x = -2 m in -5 m je bil odkrit že povsem razrušen zid 1. Medtem ko je zid v jugozahodnem delu sonde slonel na skalni osnovi, je iz lege kamnov severne fronte v severovzhodnem profilu razvidno, da je bil zid 1 postavljen nad rumenorjavo zemljeno plastjo. Ta je bila izkopana vrh rumene mar-morizirane ilovnate mrtvice med x = 1 m in -3,50 m. Pri x = -5 m je bila odkrita močno po pobočju nagnjena južna fronta zidu. Za njo je že tik nad mrtvico ležala 212 Teržan 1994, 126 ss, sl. 124. 213 Teržan 1994, 130. reached to the topsoil. The layer was unearthed under the topsoil also between x = 5.50 and 8m and north of Wall 2, as well as on the slope between x = -2.50 and -8m, where it contained numerous debris stones of Wall 1 (App. 20)?n The finds directly associated with Wall 2 form Complex 22; they were collected among the stones of this crosswall, but do not include determinable pottery finds. The finds from dark brown layer, i.e. Layer a form Complexes 4, 14 and 21 (Fig. 25; Pl. 87: 6-12). Of those, Complex 4 contains the finds excavated between x = 8 and 5.50m, Complex 14 comprises the finds excavated between x = 5.50 and 0m, while the finds of Complex 21 overlap those of Complex 14 and were excavated between x = 3.40 and 1.10m. The finds from light brown layer under the topsoil, henceforth named Layer b form Complexes 2-3, 13 and 34-35 (Fig. 25; Pl. 87:13-22). Complex 3 consists of the finds from the lower part of the layer between x = 8 and 5.50m. The finds from the upper part of the layer form Complex 2, which also includes the finds excavated in just under the topsoil between x = 3 and 1m. Other finds from this layer and this part of the trench form Complex 13, excavated between x = 5.50 and 0m. Complex 2 combined the finds form the light brown layer and those from the debris of Wall 1 between x = -1 and -8m. In this part, the finds of Complex 2 partly overlap those of Complexes 34 and 35, which comprise the finds collected among the debris stones of Wall 1 in Layer b; the finds of Complex 34 were excavated between x = 0 and -4m, those of Complex 35 between x = -3 and -4m. The finds excluded from further discussion are those of Complex 42 (Pl. 87: 23), which were collected while cleaning the cross sections and thus require special analysis, and of Complex 1, which contains unstratified finds from the topsoil. TRENCH 9 Trench 9 was excavated in 1969 in the northeast part of the transverse embankment and only revealed La Tene layers and the debris of both La Tene walls (Fig. 1; App. 2l).213 LA TENE LAYERS: WALL 1 The completely ruinous Wall 1 was excavated at the top of the slope between x = -2 and -5m. In the southwest part, the crosswall was built onto the bedrock, while the locations of its stones in the northeast cross section indicates that it was here built onto the layer of yellow-brown earth. This layer was excavated on top of 212 Terzan 1994, 127 ff, Fig. 124. 213 Terzan 1994, 129. 91 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS kompleks/Complex zid/Wall 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 21 22 23 zid/Wall 2 Lt zid/Wall 1 b • • • a • • O • • b • • • • • O • • a • • • • • Sl. 26: Korelacijska tabela odkritih plasti in kompleksov iz sonde 9. Fig. 26: Correlation table of the layers and the complexes of finds from Trench 9. temnorjava zemljena plast, v kateri so bile vse do konca izkopa pri x = -16 m odkrite ruševine zidu 1 (pril. 21).214 Najdbe iz rumenorjave zemljene plasti oziroma plasti a, na katero je bil postavljen zid 1, vsebujejo kompleksi 14, 15 in 17-20 (sl. 26; t. 88:1-17). Kompleks 14 vsebuje najdbe, izkopane med x = 1,60 m in 0 m. Pri x = 0 m do -3 m so bili opredeljeni kompleksi 15, 17 in 18, najdbe iz najspodnejšega dela plasti vsebuje kompleks 18, tiste iz vrhnjega pa kompleks 15. Najdbe, pobrane tik nad mrtvico pri x = -2 m, vsebujeta še kompleksa 19 in 20. Ker kompleks 20 ne vsebuje opredeljivih in s tem oštevilčenih kosov keramike, v nadaljevanju ne bo več obravnavan. Med kamni zidu 1 pri x = -2 m do -5 m so bile pobrane najdbe kompleksa 16, ki ga tako kot komplekse 1-4 in 22-23 povezujem s temnorjavo zemljeno plastjo ali plastjo b (sl. 26; t. 88: 18, 19; 89: 1-3), izkopano na pobočju, zapolnjeno z ruševinami zidu. Tik nad mrtvico so bile v omenjeni plasti pri x = -4 m pobrane najdbe kompleksa 22 ter najdbe kompleksa 23 med x = -4 m do -8 m. Nad njima so bili pri x = -4 m do -16 m opredeljeni kompleksi 1-4, pri čemer vsebuje najdbe iz najspodnejšega dela plasti kompleks 4, tiste ki so bile izkopane že tik pod humusom pa kompleks 1. LATENSKE PLASTI: ZID 2 Od severne fronte zidu 1 pri x = -2 m do x = 1 m je bila nad rumenorjavo plastjo izkopana temnorjava zemljena plast, ki je nato vse do konca izkopa pri x = 8 m ležala tik nad mrtvico (pril. 21). Na dnu plasti so bile odkrite štiri lise jam za stojke, ki so vsebovale le malo najdb in so jih poimenovali jama 1-4. Pri x = -0,70 m, y = 1,5 m je ležala t. im. jama 1, pri x = 4 m, y = 1,90 m jama 2, pri x = 6,60 m, y = 2,60 m jama 3 in pri x = 7,5 m, y = 1,3 m jama 4, od teh sta bili v prvi objavi omenjeni le jama 2 in 3.215 Vrh temnorjave zemljene plasti so se med x = -1,30 m in 0,70 m nahajali kamni slabo ohranjenega zidu 2. Kamni zidu 2 so bili nato odkriti tudi v svetlorjavi zemljeni plasti, ki je prekrivala temnorjavo plast in je segala vse do humusa (pril. 21).216 214 Teržan 1994, 130, pril. 30. 215 Teržan 1994, 130. 216 Teržan 1994, 130, pril. 30. the yellow marmorised loam between x = 1 and -3.50m. At x = -5m, the south face of the wall was unearthed that leaned heavily towards the slope. Behind it and just above the marmorised loam, a layer of dark brown earth was excavated that revealed the debris of Wall 1 reaching to the edge of the trench at x = -16m (App. 21).214 The finds from yellow-brown layer, i.e. Layer a form Complexes 14, 15 and 17-20 (Fig. 26; Pl. 88:1-17). Of those, Complex 14 contains the finds excavated between x = 1.60 and 0m. Complexes 15, 17 and 18 contain the finds excavated between x = 0 and -3m; those in the lowest part form Complex 18 and those in the highest part form Complex 15. The finds collected just above the marmorised loam at x = -2m also form Complexes 19 and 20. The latter does not contain determinable pottery finds and is excluded from further discussion. The finds collected among the stones of Wall 1 between x = -2 and -5m form Complex 16, which is associated with dark brown layer or Layer b excavated on the slope and containing the debris of the wall. Also associated with Layer b are the finds of Complexes 1-4 and 22-23 (Fig. 26; Pls. 88: 18, 19; 89: 1-3); those of Complex 22 were excavated just above the marmorised loam at x = -4m, those of Complex 23 were excavated between x = -4 and -8m. The finds above those and between x = -4 and -16m form Complexes 1-4, with the lowest finds forming Complex 4 and the highest ones, excavated just under the topsoil, form Complex 1. LA TENE LAYERS: WALL 2 Excavated between x = -2 and 1m from the north face of Wall 1 to the edge of the trench at x = 8m was a layer of dark brown earth that covered the marmorised loam (App. 21). The bottom of this layer revealed four dark patches representing post holes, which only contained a small number of finds and were named Holes 1-4. Hole 1 was excavated at x = -0.70m, y = 1.5m, Hole 2 at x = 4m, y = 1.90m, Hole 3 at x = 6.60m, y = 2.60m and Hole 4 at x = 7.5m, y = 1.3m. Of these, only Holes 2 and 3 were mentioned in the first publication.215 Between x = -1.30 and 0.70m, the stones of the poorly preserved Wall 2 were found on top of the dark 214 Terzan 1994, 129, App. 30. 215 Terzan 1994, 129. 92 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS Poleg kompleksov, ki vsebujejo najdbe iz temnor-jave zemljene plasti, na kateri je stal zid 2, povezujem s plastjo a tudi kompleks 10. Kompleks 10 sicer vsebuje najdbe iz štirih jam za stojke, izkopanih na dnu temnor-jave plasti, iz katere nato izhajajo kompleksi 8, 7, 12 in 13 (sl. 26; t. 89:4-7). Kompleks 13 vsebuje najdbe, pobrane na dnu plasti pri x = -1 m. Nad njim je bil med x = -2 m do 0 m opredeljen kompleks 12, medtem ko kompleks 7 vsebuje najdbe, izkopane med x = 0 m do 4 m, med x = 4 m do 8 m. Iz svetlorjave plasti pod humusom, to je plasti b izhajajo kompleksi 5, 6 in 9 (sl. 25; t. 89:8-19). Kompleks 5 vsebuje najdbe, izkopane med x = 8 m do 4 m, med x = 4 m in 0 m so bile nato izkopane najdbe kompleksa 6 ter med x = 0 m in -2 m še najdbe kompleksa 9. Izpuščena sta kompleksa 11 in 24. Kompleks 11 vsebuje del nestratificiranih najdb iz humusa (t. 89: 9), kot kompleks 24 pa je v muzeju shranjen obdelan kamen, za katerega ne poznamo točnejših najdiščnih podatkov. 2.7 SONDA 11 NA SEVEROZAHODNI TERASI Čez rob platoja v severozahodnem delu stiškega gradišča je bila leta 1969 izkopana sonda 11 (sl. 1). V sondi so bili odkriti ostanki latenskega zidu in pripadajoče plasti, pod katerima so bili izkopani tudi skromni ostanki halštatske poselitve (pril. 22).217 Kot pri sondah, izkopanih na prečnem nasipu, tudi pri sondi 11 ni bila ugotovljena neposredna povezava z zunanjim stiškim obzidjem. Pri stratigrafskem orisu in analizi kompleksov bom tako najprej obravnavala halštatske ostaline ter nato še ob zidu odkrite latenske plasti. Te bom imenovala plast a-c, pri čemer je plast a vsaj stratigrafsko najstarejša, plast c pa najmlajša. HALŠTATSKA PLAST V rumeni marmorizirani ilovnati mrtvici je bilo odkritih šest poglobitev, ki so jih poimenovali jama 2-7. Izmed njih sta bili v prvi objavi kot ovalna halštatska jama skupaj obravnavani le t. i. jami 6 in 7. Poleg jame 7, izkopane pri x = -2 m do 1,50 m, ob kateri je pri x = 1 m do 2,20 m ležala jama 6, so bile dokumentirane še t. i. jama 5 pri x = -3,50 m, jama 4 pri x = -2 m, jama 3 pri x = -4 m ter jama 2 pri x = -3,40 m, ki je bila dobro vidna tudi na objavljenem severnem profilu. V vseh jamah je bila izkopana temnorjava zemljena plast. Najverjetneje gre za ostanke iste halštatske plasti, ki je bila z latensko poselitvijo splanirana in se je tako ohranila le v poglobljenih delih sterilne osnove (pril. 22).218 Na halštatsko plast kaže tudi t. im. jama 1, ki predstavlja vrhnji del kasnejših jam 3-5. 217 Dular 1994a, 138 ss. 218 Dular 1994a, 138. brown layer. Stones of Wall 2 were also unearthed in the layer of light brown earth that covered the dark brown layer and reached to the topsoil (App. 21).216 The finds from the layer of dark brown earth onto which Wall 2 was built and is here named Layer a form Complexes 8, 7, 12 and 13, as well as Complex 10 (Fig. 26; Pl. 89: 4-7). The last complex contains the finds from the four post holes at the bottom of the said layer. Complex 13 consists of the finds collected on the bottom of the layer at x = -1m. The finds of Complex 12 were found further up and between x = -2 and 0m. Complex 7 contains the finds excavated between x = 0 and 4m, while Complex 8 contains the finds unearthed between x = 4 and 8m. The finds from the light brown under the topsoil, i.e. Layer b, form Complexes 5, 6 and 9 (Fig. 25; Pl. 89: 8-19). Of those, Complex 5 contains the finds excavated between x = 8 and 4m, Complex 6 those excavated between x = 4 and 0m, while Complex 9 consists of the finds unearthed between x = 0 and -2m. The finds excluded from further discussion are those of Complex 11 (Pl. 89: 9), which includes unstrati-fied finds from the topsoil, and of Complex 24, which consists of a worked stone without precise context data. 2.7 TRENCH 11 ON THE NORTH-WEST TERRACE Trench 11 was excavated in 1969 and positioned across the edge of the plateau in the northwest part of the Stična hillfort (Fig. 1). It revealed the remains of a La Tene wall and associated layers, under which scarce remains of Hallstatt habitation were found (App. 22).217 Trench 11 was not positioned so as to investigate the contact between the wall and the rampart. The overview of the stratigraphy and the analysis of the complexes finds will begin with the Hallstatt remains and proceed with the La Tene wall and cultural layers. These are named Layers a-c, with Layer a at least stratigraphically earliest and Layer c latest. HALLSTATT LAYER The yellow marmorised loam revealed six depressions named Pits 2-7. Of those, the first publication only mentioned Pits 6 and 7 as a single oval, Hallstatt-period pit. Pit 7 was excavated between x = -2 and 1.50m, the adjacent Pit 6 was unearthed between x = 1 and 2.20m, while Pit 5 was documented at x = -3.50m, Pit 4 at x = -2m, Pit 3 at x = -4m and Pit 2 at x = -3.40m, the last one also clearly visible in the north cross section. All pits were filled with dark brown earth, which most probably 216 Teržan 1994, 129, App. 30. 217 Dular 1994a, 139 ff. 93 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS kompleks /Complex zid/Wall 2-9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 21-24 plast/ Layerc Lt plast/Layer b plast /Layer a • • • • • Ha • • • Sl. 27: Korelacijska odkritih plasti in kompleksov iz sonde 11. Fig. 27: Correlation table of the layers and the complexes of finds from Trench 11. S skromnimi ostanki halštatske poselitve povezujem komplekse 19-24 (sl. 27; t. 90:1-4). Pri tem vsebuje najdbe iz t. i. jame 2 kompleks 19, iz jame 3 kompleks 20, iz jame 4 kompleks 21, iz jame 5 kompleks 22, iz jame 6 kompleks 23 in iz jame 7 kompleks 24. Ker kompleks 20 ne vsebuje opredeljivih, to je oštevilčenih kosov keramike, ga v nadaljevanju ne obravnavam več. LATENSKE PLASTI: PLAST A Med x = -1,80 m in 1,60 m je bila nad halštatskimi ostanki oziroma tik nad mrtvico izkopana s kamnitim drobirjem tlakovana površina, ki jo je prekrival tanek temnorjav zemljen sloj. Na njem je bilo pri x = -0,50 m izkopano ognjišče, ki je segalo v severni profil, ob južnem profilu pa so ležali ostanki vsaj štirih bolje ohranjenih posod (pril. 22).219 S plastjo a povezujem komplekse 15, 17 in 18 (sl. 27; t. 90: 5-12; 91:1, 2). Medtem ko vsebuje kompleks 15 najdbe, pobrane nad kamnitim tlakom, so bile koncentracije keramike, ki so vsebovale tudi ostanke štirih bolje ohranjenih posod ob južnem profilu, opredeljene kot kompleksa 17 in 18. LATENSKE PLASTI: PLAST B Temnorjavi zemljeni sloj nad starejšo bivalno površino, tlakovano s kamnitim drobirjem, je prekrivala svetlorjava zemljena plast. V vrhnjem delu predvsem med x = 3 m in -5 m izkopane plasti je bilo ob severnem profilu pri x = -0,50 m odkrito ognjišče (pril. 22).220 Iz svetlorjave zemljene plasti, to je plasti b, izhajajo kompleksi 10-14 in 16 (sl. 27; t. 91: 3-13; 92, 93:1-13). Med x = 0 m in 3 m so bili opredeljeni kompleksi 10-12, pri čemer vsebuje kompleks 12 najdbe iz najspodnej-šega, kompleks 10 pa vrhnjega dela plasti. Kompleks 13 vsebuje najdbe, ki so še ležale v svetlorjavi zemljeni plasti pri x = 3 m do 4 m, pri x = 0 m do -6 m pa je bil 219 Dular 1994a, 138, sl. 133. 220 Dular 1994a, 138 ss, sl. 134. represents the remains of the same Hallstatt-period layer that was levelled for habitation purposes in the La Tene period and only survived in the deepened areas of the sterile marmorised loam (App. 22).218 The Hallstatt layer is also indicated by Pit 1, which was documented as the upper part of the later Pits 3-5. The finds associated with the scarce remains of Hallstatt habitation form Complexes 19-24 (Fig. 27; Pl. 90: 1-4). Complex 19 contains the finds from Pit 2, Complex 20 those from Pit 3, Complex 21 from Pit 4, Complex 22 from Pit 5, Complex 23 from Pit 6 and Complex 24 those from Pit 7. Complex 20 does not include determinable pottery finds and is excluded from further discussion. LA TENE LAYERS: LAYER A Above the Hallstatt remains or just above the marmorised soil between x = -1.80 and 1.60m, Trench 11 revealed a surface paved with small stone rubble, which was covered by a thin layer of dark brown earth or Layer a. A hearth was found on top of this earthen layer at x = -0.50m, which continued into the north cross section. Along the south cross section, excavations revealed fragments of at least four relatively well preserved vessels (App. 22).219 The finds associated with Layer a form Complexes 15, 17 and 18 (Fig. 27; Pls. 90: 5-12; 91:1, 2). Complex 15 contains the finds collected above the paving, while numerous ceramic fragments that included parts of at least four well preserved vessels were excavated around the south cross section and form Complexes 17 and 18. LA TENE LAYERS: LAYER B The layer of dark brown earth or Layer a was overlain by a layer of light brown earth or Layer b. In the upper part of this layer excavated for the most part between x = 3 and -5m, a hearth was, found at the north cross section at x = -0.50m (App. 22).220 The finds associated with Layer b form Complexes 10-14 and 16 (Fig. 27; Pls. 91: 3-13; 92, 93:1-13). Complexes 10-12 contain the finds excavated between x = 0 and 3m, with Complex 12 consisting of those found deepest and Complex 10 of those found highest. Complex 13 consists of the finds excavated between x = 3 and 4m, Complex 16 of those unearthed between x = 0 and -6m, while Complex 14 comprises the finds collected in the hearth. 218 Dular 1994a, 139. 219 Dular 1994a, 139 ff, Fig. 133. 220 Dular 1994a, 141, Fig. 134. 94 2. STRATIGRAFIJA NAJDBNIH KOMPLEKSOV 2. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE COMPLEXES OF FINDS opredeljen kompleks 16. Kompleks 14 vsebuje najdbe, pobrane iz ognjišča, izkopanega pri okoli x = -0,50 m. LATENSKE PLASTI: PLAST C Nad svetlorjavo zemljeno plastjo je bila vse do humusa izkopana temnorjava zemljena plast. V njej je bil pri x = 0 m do -2,20 m odkrit zid, postavljen nad svetlorjavo plastjo. Ruševinski kamni zidu so v temnor-javi zemljeni plasti pod humusom ležali vse do okoli x = -4 m (pril. 22).221 Komplekse 2-6 in 8-9, ki vsebujejo najdbe iz te-mnorjave zemljene plasti pod humusom, povezujem s plastjo c (sl. 27; t. 93:14-26; 94, 95:1-22). V najspodnej-šem delu plasti pri x = 0 m do 4 m je bil opredeljen kompleks 9. Nekoliko višje so bile pri x = -1 m do 4 m pobrane najdbe kompleksa 8, ki mu je proti vrhu plasti sledil med x = 0 m in 4 m opredeljen kompleks 5. Od x = 4 m do 6 m so bile izkopane najdbe kompleksa 6. Nad kompleksoma 5 in 6 so bili nato pri x = 0 m do 6 m opredeljeni kompleksi 2-4, pri katerih so bile najdbe kompleksa 4 izkopane najgloblje, tiste iz kompleksa 2 pa so ležale v povsem vrhnjem delu plasti. S plastjo c povezujem tudi na 7a in b razdeljen kompleks 7. Ta vsebuje najdbe, pobrane med kamni zidu, to je med x = 0 m in -2,20 m (kompleks 7a) ter med ruševinskimi kamni vse do x = -5 m (kompleks 7b). Glede na najdiščne podatke sodi k kompleksu 7b tudi najdba, shranjena pod oznako planum 4 (ID 6911/pl.4- 001).222 Poleg kompleksa 20, ki ne vsebuje opredeljivih kosov keramike, sta iz nadaljnje obravnave izpuščena še kompleksa 1 in 25. Kompleks 25 namreč vsebuje najdbe, pobrane pri čiščenju profilov (t. 95: 23-25), za katere ne poznamo natančnejših najdiščnih podatkov, kompleks 1 pa izhaja iz humusa. Kot je razvidno iz najdiščnih podatkov, shranjenih ob sami keramiki, je bil skupku 1 očitno pridružen vsaj del najdb iz v sondi 9 izkopane humusne plasti. Ker so bile sonde označene z rimskimi številkami je do te napake verjetno prišlo že pri opredeljevanju kompleksov. Sonda 11 namreč po pobočju ni segala do x = -12 ali celo do x = -15, pač pa je bila do x = -16 izkopana sonda 9. LA TENE LAYERS: LAYER C The light brown layer or Layer b was covered by another layer of dark brown earth that reached to the topsoil. Between x = 0 and -2.20m, excavations revealed a wall built on top of Layer b. The debris of this wall were excavated in the dark brown layer, i.e. Layer c to around x = -4m (App. 22).221 The finds from the dark brown layer or Layer c form Complexes 2-6 and 8-9 (Fig. 27; Pls. 93:14-26; 94, 95: 1-22). Complex 9 contains the finds from the lowest part of the layer between x = 0 and 4m. The finds excavated further up and between x = -1 and 4m form Complex 8, followed towards the top of the layer by the finds of Complex 5 collected between x = 0 and 4m. Complex 6 contains the finds excavated between x = 4 and 6m. The finds excavated above those of Complexes 5 and 6 and between x = 0 and 6m form Complexes 2-4, those of Complex 4 excavated deepest and those of Complex 2 excavated at the top. Also associated with Layer c are the finds from Complex 7, divided into those of Complex 7a and 7b. The first contains the finds collected among the stones of the wall between x = 0 and -2.20m and the second the finds collected among the debris stones to x = -5m. Moreover, context data suggest that the find marked planum 4 also belongs to Complex 7b (ID 6911/pl.4-001).222 Apart from Complex 20, which does not include determinable pottery finds, the finds also excluded from further discussion are those of Complexes 1, and 25. Complex 25 comprises the finds without context data collected while cleaning the cross sections (Pl. 95: 23-25), while the finds of Complex 1 originate from topsoil. Context data kept together with the pottery finds indicate that at least part of the finds from the topsoil excavated in Trench 9 were included into Complex 1, which is an error that probably occurred already while determining the complexes and caused by the fact that trenches were marked with Roman numerals. Trench 11 never reached to x = -12 or even x = -15 down the slope, while Trench 9 was excavated to x = -16. 221 Dular 1994a, 138 ss. 222 Grahek 2013, 2/301 = 561. 95 221 Dular 1994a, 141. 222 Grahek 2013, 2/301 = 561. 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT 3.1 SPLOSNI ORIS 3.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION S sistematičnimi naselbinskimi raziskavami v Stični je bilo skupno izkopanih skorajda 55.000 fragmentov keramike (sl. 28). Med njimi sem lahko opredelila več kot 14.300 ali 26,2 % fragmentov, ki predstavljajo ostanke 8.704 posod in/ali keramičnih predmetov. Izmed vse izkopane keramike je v pričujočo obravnavo vključeno 15,9 % keramičnega gradiva. Gre za bolje ohranjene posode in predmete ter tipološko opredeljive in/ali okrašene fragmente keramike, ki so bili obravnavani po kompleksih (9.023 kosov).223 Pri obravnavi keramike po kompleksih se je izkazalo, da je bilo 0,5 % fragmentov posod najdenih v okviru različnih kompleksov. Skupno je bilo izrisano 8,5 % vseh izkopanih fragmentov, kar predstavlja 17,8 % vseh obravnavanih keramičnih posod in predmetov. V katalogu tako objavljam le izbrani del keramičnega gradiva, ki pa predstavlja celoten spekter naselbinske keramike iz Stične in osnovo za vse nadaljnje analize keramike. Sl. 28: Delež opredeljene naselbinske keramike. Fig. 28: Shares of the determined settlement pottery. The systematic excavations of the Stična hillfort yielded almost 55,000 ceramic fragments (Fig. 28). Of these, I was able to determine over 14,300 or 26.2% fragments, which represent the remains of 8,704 vessels and other ceramic objects. Not all, however, are included into this analysis; the 15.9% of the ceramic finds treated here are well-preserved vessels and other objects, as well as typologically determinable and/or decorated ceramic fragments, analysed according to complexes (9,023 pieces).223 This analysis revealed that only 0.5% of the fragments belonging to individual vessels were ascribed to different complexes. Of all the unearthed ceramic fragments, 8.5% were drawn, which is 17.8% of the ceramic finds treated in this book. The catalogue thus only brings a selection of ceramic finds, but nevertheless adequately represents the range of settlement pottery from Stična and a solid basis for pottery analyses. The analysis and evaluation is based on all of the determined ceramic pieces. These 8,704 ceramic finds include 0.4% or 31 pieces of imported Roman pottery, which will be analysed separately.224 The remaining 8,673 ceramic finds will be presented below by first outlining their technological characteristics, followed by a typological classification complete with a chrono-stratigraphic attribution, and finally an analysis of their decoration, all of which is supported with statistical evidence. 3.2 FRAGMENTATION OF CERAMIC FINDS Osnovo za našo analizo in ovrednotenje stiške naselbinske keramike predstavljajo vsi obravnavani kosi keramike. Gre torej za 8.704 kosov keramike, med katerimi je 0,4 % ali 31 kosov uvožene, rimske keramike, ki bo obravnavana ločeno.224 Za preostalih 8.673 kosov The Stična hillfort was investigated with 22 trenches of different sizes, some of which were divided into two parts. The trenches revealed cultural layers in various states of preservation that yielded various numbers of small finds. By far the greatest number of finds was un- 223 Grahek 2013, 2/185 ss = 445 ss. 224 Glej poglavje 3.6.3. 223 Grahek 2013, 2/185 ff = 445 ff. 224 See Chapter 3.6.3. 97 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Sl. 29: Preglednica skupnega števila ter deleža opredeljivih kosov keramike iz posameznih sond. Fig. 29: Chart of the total number and shares of determinable ceramic finds according to trenches. keramike bom v nadaljevanju najprej orisala tehnološke lastnosti in značilnosti, jih tipološko razvrstila ter ob tem stratigrafsko-kronološko opredelila, na koncu pa bo opravljena še analiza okrasa. Vsa moja izvajanja so podprta s statistično obravnavo. 3.2 OHRANJENOST NAJDB Gradišče v Stični je bilo raziskano z izkopom 22 sond, pri čemer so bile nekatere razdeljene na dva dela. Pri izkopu posameznih sond, ki niso bile enakega obsega, so bile odkrite različno ohranjene ter z najdbami različno bogate kulturne plasti. Daleč največ najdb izvira z južnega dela gradišča, iz sond 17, 16A, 14, 7, 3, 4, 13, 12 in 6 (sl. 29). Kljub temu so pri stratigrafsko-kronološkem orisu, ki ga podajam ob tipološki razvrstitvi, vse najdbe obravnavane skupaj; in sicer je tam ne oziraje se na mesto izkopa predstavljen skupni delež najdb po plasteh osnovne kronološke sheme za stiško naselbino. Izjema earthed in the south part of the hillfort, i.e. in Trenches 17, 16A, 14, 7, 3, 4, 13, 12 and 6 (Fig. 29). In spite of the varying numbers, the finds are treated as a whole in the chrono-stratigraphic attribution that forms part of the typology; only the total share of the finds is presented, according to individual layers of the basic chronological scheme established for the Stična hillfort. The exception is the La Tene pottery, which is treated according to the best preserved or most important layers for the chronological attribution of the Late Iron Age habitation at the hillfort. The typo-statistical analysis is based on two assumptions: the first is that we can compare ceramic finds regardless of the position and size of the trench in which they were excavated, and the second that the trenches yielded finds of a comparable state of preservation. The chart of determinable finds clearly shows that we are dealing with highly fragmented objects, because the share of determinable finds only reaches roughly 16% on average (Fig. 28). There are, however, some significant 98 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT je latenska keramika, ki je bila obravnavana po najbolje ohranjenih oziroma za kronološko opredelitev mlaj-šeželeznodobne poselitve najbolj pomembnih plasteh. Pri tipološko-statistični obravnavi torej izhajam iz predpostavke, da lahko ne oziraje se na mesto in velikost izkopa posamezne sonde enakovredno primerjam vso keramiko. Moja izhodiščna domneva je, da imamo pri vseh sondah opraviti z enako stopnjo ohranjenosti najdb. Že iz preglednice deleža opredeljivih najdb je namreč dobro razvidno, da gre za zelo fragmentarno ohranjene najdbe, saj je delež opredeljivih najdb v povprečju le približno 16-odstoten (sl. 28). Če sedaj nekoliko podrobneje pregledamo fragmentarnost najdb, lahko vidimo, da prihaja med posameznimi sondami tudi do opaznejših, a pomenljivih odstopanj. Do 25 % večji delež opredeljivih kosov keramike od povprečja je ugotovljen pri sondah 2, 3, 4 in 7. Vendar pa je bilo pri sondi 2 kar nekaj težav pri ugotavljanju in razlagi stratigrafskega zapisa odkritih ostalin, medtem ko lahko pri ostalih sondah manjšo fragmentarnost najdb nedvomno pripišemo bogatim naselbinskim plastem oziroma odkritim objektom. Enako velja za najdbe, izkopane v bloku med sondama 12 in 13, ki so bile v času terenskih raziskovanj oziroma tik po njih deloma že priključene najdbam iz sonde 13. Med preostalimi najdbami iz bloka med sondo 12 in 13 smo lahko opredelili kar 42,4 % vseh najdb, s čimer je delež opredeljivih najdb kar za 85 % večji od povprečja. Na drugi strani imamo opraviti z bolj fragmentarno ohranjenimi najdbami pri sondah, izkopanih na zunanjem pobočju utrjenega gradišča. Do 25 % manjši delež opredeljivih najdb od povprečja je bil tako izkopan v sondah 16B in 4b. Ker tu niso bile odkrite naselbinske plasti, je večja fragmentarnost, ki je izpričana z manjšim deležem opredeljivih najdb, povsem razumljiva. Pomenljivejši je kar do 35 % od povprečja manjši delež opredeljivih najdb iz sond 10, 15, 20 in 22, ki so bile vse izkopane na severnem, bolj zakraselem delu gradišča, danes poraslem z gozdno vegetacijo. Čeprav so bile sonde izkopane predvsem z namenom, da bi dobili vpogled v datacijo in gradnjo obzidja225 ter tako z izjemo sonde 10 niso posegale daleč v notranjost gradišča, se postavlja vprašanje, ali gre večjo fragmentiranost tamkaj odkritih najdb res pripisovati zgolj zamejitvi izkopnih polj, kasnejšim antropogenim vplivom ter naravnim podepozicijskim procesom, ki so vplivali na ohranitev kulturnih plasti, ali pa se morda tudi na ta način odraža domnevno manj intenzivna poselitev gornjega dela gradišča. Gledano v celoti je bilo namreč v sondah z gornjega dela gradišča izkopanih najmanj kosov keramike (sl. 29). Če na tem mestu pritegnemo v analizo še druge izkopane najdbe226, lahko 225 Gabrovec 1994, 150. 226 Medtem ko smo za primerjavo s številom oziroma deležem najdb hišnega ometa pridobili podatke le v terenski dokumentaciji, smo pri primerjavi deleža najdb žlindre najp- differences in the fragmentation of finds from trench to trench, as visible from the chart below. Trenches 2, 3, 4 and 7 revealed an up to 25% higher than average share of determinable finds. Trench 2 proved somewhat difficult in the sense of determining and interpreting the stratigraphic record of the recovered remains, while the lower-than-average fragmentation in the other enumerated trenches can doubtlessly be ascribed to rich habitation layers and unearthed houses. A high share of determinable finds can also be observed for the part of the finds excavated in the baulk between Trenches 12 and 13 and added to the finds from Trench 13 either in the course of excavations or shortly thereafter. Of the remaining part of the finds from the baulk, I was able to determine as much as 42.4%, which makes the share 85% higher than average. At the other end of the scale, high fragmentation of small finds was observed for the trenches that examined the exterior slope of the hillfort. An up to 25% lower share of determinable finds compared with the average was observed for Trenches 16B and 4b. This share can be explained with the absence of habitation layers outside the settlement. More significant is an up to 35% lower than average share of determinable finds from Trenches 10, 15, 20 and 22, all excavated in the northern, karstified part of the hillfort now completely covered by forest vegetation. In spite of the fact that the trenches were excavated with the primary intention to gain an insight into the dating and construction of the walls225 and, with the exception of Trench 10, did not reach far into the hillfort interior, it remains questionable whether we may really ascribe the high fragmentation of the finds merely to the limited extent of the trenches, later anthropogenic factors and natural post-depositional processes the influenced the preservation of the cultural layers, or whether it, in fact, reflects the presumably less intense habitation in the upper part of the hillfort. In general, the trenches from the upper part yielded least ceramic pieces (Fig. 29). If we add other finds excavated in the upper part226, we may observe that the share of ceramic finds is smaller even than the discarded pieces of slag.227 The pieces of daub 225 Gabrovec 1994, 151. 226 While the comparison with the number or share of pieces of daub is based only on the data from field documentation, the comparison with the number of the pieces of slag was first made on the basis of the field data and later on the basis of the published results of the slag analysis (Meterc 1994). We could not make such a comparison with the number or share of the bone finds; these have already been analysed and published, but the data do not allow us to precisely locate individual finds according to trenches (Bokonyi 1994); neither could these data be found in the field documentation. 227 A revision of the samples of 'iron slag' from the settlement excavations at Stična, initially selected and analysed by Janez Meterc (1994, 186), has been conducted by Ivan Marija Hrovatin. He has observed that the finds initially document- 99 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT ugotovimo, da je pri sondah z gornjega dela gradišča delež keramičnih najdb celo manjši od deleža tamkaj najdenih, zavrženih kosov žlindre;227 zelo redki so bili tudi ostanki hišnega ometa. Izjema je le sonda 15, pri kateri delež najdenih kosov hišnega ometa presega delež izkopanih kosov keramike. Takšno razmerje je bilo ugotovljeno le pri sondah, v katerih so bile odkrite bogate naselbinske plasti. Če se sedaj vrnem h keramiki, je neizpodbitno dejstvo, da je ta močno fragmentarno ohranjena, kar je oteževalo tipološko obravnavo gradiva. Kljub nekaterim razlikam v stopnji fragmentarnosti najdb po posameznih sondah pa to ni bistveno vplivalo na primerljivost podatkov. Nasprotno prav analiza fragmentarnosti najdb odpira nove interpretativne možnosti o notranji ureditvi naselja, kar bi bilo treba preveriti z dodatnimi izkopavanji oziroma raziskovanji v notranjosti utrjenega gradišča. 3.3 NAČIN IZDELAVE IN TEHNOLOŠKE ZNAČILNOSTI KERAMIKE Za vse opredeljive fragmente keramike sem ugotavljala način izdelave, način žganja in trdoto ter obdelavo in barvo površine. Delno sem opazovala tudi sestavo lončarske mase, a le na makroskopskem nivoju. Pri tem sem uporabljala kriterije, kot jih je predlagala Horvatova.228 rej preverjali in uskladili podatke o najdbah iz same terenske dokumentacije ter tiste, ki so navedeni pri objavi rezultatov že opravljene analize (Meterc 1994). Nismo pa mogli opraviti podobne primerjave s številom oziroma deležem najdb kosti. Tudi te so že bile analizirane, vendar pa pri objavi rezultatov navedeni podatki ne omogočajo lociranja najdb po sondah (Bokonyi 1994). Prav tako potrebnih podatkov nismo zasledili med nam dostopno terensko dokumentacijo. 227 Revizijski pregled vzorcev "železove žlindre" iz stiških naselbinskih izkopavanj, ki jih je "po subjektivnem, a strokovnem izboru" analiziral Meterc (1994, 186) opravlja I. M. Hrovatin. Pri tem ugotavlja, da so bili kot "žlindra" dokumentirani tudi kosi železarskega odpada in rude. Kljub temu, da revizijski pregled še ni povsem zaključen, se nedvomno kaže, da je med pobranimi najdbami le malo kosov, ki jih lahko povežemo s proizvodno železa in ti so bili povečini najdeni v vzhodni polovici zgornjega dela naselja. Odpad predelave železa (kovanja) predstavlja približno četrtino vseh analiziranih vzorcev, vendar le izjemoma izhaja iz sond z vrhnjega dela naselja. Največji delež (60%) zbranih vzorcev ni železarski odpad ampak je možna ruda za pridobivanje železa. V sondi 15 in 20 predstavlja ruda skoraj celoto pobranih vzorcev, medtem ko v sondi 21-22 veliko večino. Hrovatin ugotavlja tudi, da je železarstvo prisotno v vseh fazah naseljenosti naselbine. Iskrena hvala I. M. Hrovatinu za vse posredovane podatke. 228 Horvat 1999. were also very rare, the only exception there is Trench 15, the share of daub pieces from which is higher than that of the excavated ceramic finds; such a ratio is only known from the trenches that revealed rich habitation layers. To return to the ceramic finds, their typological analysis was greatly hindered by their high fragmentation. In spite of slight differences in the level of fragmentation in different trenches, this did not greatly influence the comparability of data. To the contrary, the fragmentation analysis offers new interpretative possibilities concerning the interior arrangement of the settlement, which would need to be verified with new excavation or investigation in the hillfort interior. 3.3 SHAPING TECHNIQUE AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS The analysis of the determinable Stična pottery focused on determining the shaping and firing techniques, hardness, as well as surface treatment and colour. The fabric composition was only observed on the macroscopic level, using the criteria established by Milena Horvat.228 SHAPING TECHNIQUE The pottery was basically either hand-built or wheel-thrown. The wheel used in the latter process was mainly the fast, i.e. foot-powered wheel, to make the La Tene pottery. In this pottery, I distinguish between shaping and finishing, with the possibility of vessels being finished on the slow, i.e. hand-powered wheel, the use of which has also been identified. Because the use of the slow wheel allows a combination of shaping techniques229 and because traces of its use can prove to be very difficult to discern, this shaping method was only stated for the fragments that show unmistakable traces; if the traces were not absolutely clear, I described ed as slag include scrap metal and iron ore. The revision is not yet complete, but it is already clear that the collected finds represent only a small number of pieces connected with the production of iron and these were mostly found in the eastern half of the upper part of the settlement. The slag produced by smelting represents roughly a quarter of all analysed samples, but only rare such pieces were found in the upper part of the settlement. The highest share (60%) of the collected samples is not slag, but pieces of iron ore from which iron could yet be extracted. Almost all of the samples collected in Trenches 15 and 20 and most of those collected in Trench 21-22 are iron ore. Hrovatin further observes that ironworking is present in all habitation phases of the settlement. Sincere thanks to Ivan Marija Hrovatin for the observations he selflessly offered. 228 Horvat 1999. 229 Horvat 1999, 20. 100 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT NAČIN IZDELAVE Pri obravnavani keramiki v prvi vrsti razlikujem med prostoročno izdelavo ter izdelavo s pomočjo lončarskega vretena. To se nanaša predvsem na uporabo vretena na nožni pogon ali hitrega lončarskega vretena pri latenski keramiki. Pri slednji razlikujem med izdelavo ter dodelavo že oblikovanih posod, pri čemer ni izključena možnost, da so bile posode dodelane na počasnem lončarskem vretenu. Poleg hitrega vretena je bila namreč ugotovljena tudi uporaba vretena na ročni pogon ali počasnega vretena. Ker se pri vretenu na ročni pogon lahko kombinira več načinov oblikovanja229 in je sledi uporabe počasnega vretena težko prepoznati, je bil tovrstni način izdelave ugotovljen le pri fragmentih, ki so imeli izrazito vidne sledi od vretena. V nasprotnem primeru sem način izdelave opisala kot prostoročni. Pri razmeroma redkih kosih uvožene, rimske keramike, ki so na tem delu izvzeti iz analize, je bil ugotovljen tudi način oblikovanja v kalupu. Med skupno 8.673 obravnavanimi kosi keramike je bil pri 82,3 % ali 7.138 primerih ugotovljen prostoročen način izdelave, pri 4,3 % ali 374 kosih keramike je bilo ugotovljeno oblikovanje na počasnem vretenu, 13,4 % ali 1.161 kosov pa je bilo bodisi izdelanih bodisi zgolj dodelanih na hitrem vretenu. Prostoročen način izdelave je vezan tako na oblikovanje posod kot tudi predmetov. 65,2 % keramike, ki je bila izdelana prostoročno, predstavljajo fragmenti posod, 34,8 % pa glineni predmeti230. Medtem ko je oblikovanje na počasnem vretenu v celoti vezano na posodje, sem k posodam, izdelanim na hitrem lončarskem vretenu, prištela še 7 predmetov. Gre sicer za prostoročno izdelane predmete, ki so bili narejeni iz fragmentov na hitrem vretenu izdelanih ali dodelanih posod in tako predstavljajo le 0,6 % na hitrem vretenu oblikovane keramike (sl. 30). Sl. 30: Delež posod in glinenih predmetov glede na način izdelave. Fig. 3: Shares of vessels and ceramic objects according to the shaping technique. the pottery as hand-built. Excavations also yielded very rare pieces of imported, Roman-period pottery (analysed separately), some of which were made in a mould. The analysis involved a total of 8,673 ceramic finds. Of those, 82.3% or 7,138 pieces were hand-built, 4.3% or 374 pieces were wheel-thrown on the slow wheel and 13.4% or 1,161 pieces were wheel-thrown, either completely made or only finished, on the fast wheel. Hand-building was used to make vessels and other objects. Of the hand-built objects, 65.2% is pottery and 34.8% other ceramic objects230. The objects made on the slow wheel are all vessels. The objects made on the fast wheel are also all vessels. They include seven hand-built ceramic objects assembled from parts of vessels made on the fast wheel and represent only 0.6% of all the pottery made in this manner (Fig. 30). GRAIN SIZE AND FABRIC COMPOSITION ZRNAVOST IN SESTAVA LONČARSKE MASE Z analizo sestave lončarske mase sem za vse opredeljive kose keramike ugotavljala zrnavost. Po kriterijih Horvatove sem razlikovala med zelo finozrnato, finozr-nato, drobnozrnato in grobozrnato lončarsko maso.231 Medtem ko je bilo 6,8 % izključno na hitrem lončarskem vretenu oblikovane keramike, izdelane iz dobro prečiščene zelo finozrnate mase, je bilo 24,8 % keramike iz finozrnate, 5,5 % iz grobozrnate, največji delež pa z 62,9 % predstavlja drobnozrnata keramika (sl. 31, 32). Same strukture posameznih lončarskih mas nisem ugotavljala. Kmalu se je namreč izkazalo, da gre za precej enotno sestavo lončarskih mas, v katerih sem z 229 Horvat 1999, 20. 230 Na tem mestu skupaj obravnavam t. i. ognjiščne in druge predmete. 231 Horvat 1999, 16 s. Applying the criteria established by Milena Horvat, I was able to distinguish between very fine-grained, finegrained, medium-grained and coarse-grained fabrics.231 Refined and very fine-grained fabric was established for 6.8% of the finds, all made on the fast wheel, 24.8% of the finds was made of fine-grained, 5.5% of coarse-grained and 62.9% of medium-grained fabric that represents by far the largest share (Figs. 31, 32). The fabric analysis did not include the identification of its composition, because it soon became clear that it was fairly uniform regardless of the fabric. I did, however, macroscopically examine the fabrics and determined the presence of quartz, often also of calcium carbonate, mica, organic temper and iron oxides. Their frequency and size primarily depend on the refinement and grain size of the clay (Fig. 32), partially also the fir- 230 These consist of hearth utensils and other objects. 231 Horvat 1999, 16 f. 101 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Sl. 31: Delež posameznih lončarskih mas glede na zrnavost. Fig. 31: Shares of individual fabrics according to grain size. Sl. 32: Prelomi keramike iz: grobozrnate lončarske mase s kremenom (a) in kalcijevim karbonatom (b); drobnozrnate lončarske mase (c, d); finozrnate lončarske mase (e) z večjo vsebnostjo kalcijevega karbonata (f). Pribl. dvakratna povečava. Fig. 32: Fractures of ceramic fragments made of coarse-grained fabric with quartz (a) and calcium carbonate (b), of medium-grained fabric (c, d) and of fine-grained fabric (e) with significant amounts of calcium carbonate (f). Magnified roughly twice. Sl. 33: Površina in prelomi keramike iz latenskih plasti: "prava" grafitna keramika (a); keramika z manjšim deležem grafita (b); fragment ID 6806/003-001 (c); porozna keramika (d); drobnozrnate masa z večjo vsebnostjo kalcijevega karbonata (e) in zelo finozrnata, dobro prečiščena lončarska masa (f). Pribl. dvakratna povečava. Fig. 33: Surface and fracture of ceramics from the La Tène layers: graphite ware 'proper' (a); fabric with a small amount of graphite (b); of fragment ID 6806/003-001 (c); of the porous pottery (d); of the medium-grained fabric with a significant amount of calcium carbonate (e) and of the very fine-grained and refined fabric (f). Magnified roughly twice. 102 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT makroskopskim pregledom svežih prelomov zasledila predvsem prisotnost kremena, nemalokrat tudi kalcijevega karbonata, sljude, organskih primesi in železovih oksidov. Njihova pogostost in velikost sta bili odvisni predvsem od same prečiščenosti in zrnavosti (sl. 32), delno tudi samega žganja keramike. V redkih primerih sem od neplastičnih surovin, ki so bile dodane masi, razpoznala še grog; zasledila pa sem tudi posamezna večja glinena jedra..232 Največ sprememb pri sestavi lončarske mase je bilo, povsem pričakovano, ugotovljeno pri keramiki iz latenskih plasti. Tu moram v prvi vrsti izpostaviti pojav t. i. grafitne keramike (sl. 33: a), ki ji pripada 79 kosov ali 0,9 % vseh obravnavanih kosov keramike. Gre za keramiko iz lončarske mase z dodanim grafitom, to je mehkim, ogljikovim mineralom, ki se najpogosteje pojavlja v luskastih in lističastih agregatih. Lončarski masi so ga dodajali, da bi izboljšali odpornost na temperaturne spremembe in neprepustnost posod.233 Grafit je bil v mnogo manjši meri dodan lončarski masi še pri skupno 10 posodah, ki predstavljajo 0,1 % vseh obravnavanih kosov keramike (sl. 33: b).234 Med vsemi kosi keramike, pri katerih je bila ugotovljena vsebnost grafita v lončarski masi, najbolj izstopa fragment prostoročno izdelanega lonca ID 6806/003-001. Tu sem v lončarski masi zaznala le redke grafitne drobce, najverjetneje kar drobce same grafitne keramike, ki so bili delno vidni tudi na površini (sl. 33: c). Domnevno gre v tem primeru za recikliranje neuporabnih, zdrobljenih kosov grafitne keramike.235 Pri keramiki iz latenskih plasti sem prepoznala tudi drobnozrnato lončarsko maso, ki je imela dodanih veliko organskih primesi. O tem pričajo številne praznine (luknjice), ki so vidne tako na prelomih kot tudi na sami površini (sl. 33: d), keramika pa je porozna ali vsaj rahlo porozna.236 Glede na pogostost in delež zastopanosti, lahko večjo poroznost obravnavamo kot eno od značilnih lastnosti t. i. grobe, kuhinjske keramike iz latenskih plasti. Pri tovrstni keramiki je bila v lončarski masi nemalokrat opažena tudi večja količina kalcijevega karbonata (sl. 33: e) in sljude. Kot tretjo značilno kategorijo keramike iz latenskih plasti naj še enkrat omenim t. i. fino, namizno keramiko iz zelo finozrnate, dobro prečiščene lončarske mase (sl. 33: f), ki je bila izdelana na hitrem lončarskem vretenu. 232 Njihovo vsebnost sem, tako kot vsa morebitna odstopanja od običajne sestave mase, beležila v opombahGrahek 2013, 2/185 ss = 445 ss; npr.: ID 6701/077-001; 6912/102-002; 7117/001-020 idr. 233 Kappel 1969, 24 ss; Jerem, Kardos 1985, 65s; Horvat 1999, 17; Trebsche 2011, 449 ss. 234 Pri opisu lončarske mase grafit tu navajam v oklepaju. Grahek 2013, 2/190 ss = 450 ss, npr.: ID 6701/093-001 idr. 235 Prim. Havancsak et al. 2014. 236 Grahek 2013, 2/187 ss = 447 ss, npr. ID 6701/087-001 ali 6701/090-007 idr. ing technique. Of the non-plastic inclusions, I identified grog only in rare cases, sometimes also individual clay pellets.232 As expected, most differences in fabric composition were observed in the pottery from the La Tene layers. These also revealed the so-called graphite ware (Fig. 33: a); the 79 pieces of this ware represents 0.9% of all analysed ceramic finds. It has added graphite, which is a soft carbon mineral most commonly found in scaly and foliated aggregates. It was added to the clay so as to improve temperature resistance and waterproofness.233 Apart from graphite ware 'proper', graphite was found to be added to another 10 vessels, which represent 0.1% of all determinable pottery finds (Fig. 33: b).234 Standing apart among the pottery pieces with added graphite is the fragment of a hand-built jar of ID 6806/003-001. Its fabric revealed only rare bits of graphite, which were most probably crushed pieces of the graphite ware 'proper', recycled and used as grog.235 These bits of graphite were also visible on the surface (Fig. 33: c). The pottery from the La Tene layers also revealed a medium-grained fabric with a large amount of organic inclusions. Of these only small empty spaces or holes remain, visible both in the fractures and on the surface (Fig. 33: d) and making the pottery at least slightly porous.236 Given its frequency, this marked porosity can be seen as a characteristic of the coarseware from the La Tene layers. The fabric of this ware often revealed significant amounts of calcium carbonate (Fig. 33: e) and mica. The third category of pottery from the La Tene layers is the fineware made of very fine-grained and refined fabric (Fig. 33: f) on the fast wheel. FIRING TECHNIQUE The firing technique was established on the fractures of all the determinable pieces of pottery. I identified eight different techniques (Fig. 34) or atmospheres as determined by Horvat.237 The most common techniques were firing in either a reducing or an oxidising atmosphere. A much lower 232 Their presence is recorded in endnotes, as are all other differences with regard to the usual fabric composition. Grahek 2013, 2/185 ff = 445 ff; e.g.: ID 6701/077-001; 6912/102-002; 7117/001-020 etc. 233 Kappel 1969, 24 ff; Jerem, Kardos 1985, 65 f; Horvat 1999, 17; Trebsche 2011, 449 ff. 234 While the graphite content in these is much lower, I put it in brackets when describing the fabric composition. Grahek 2013, 2/190 ff = 450 ff; e.g.: ID 6701/093-001 etc. 235 Cf. Havancsak et al. 2014. 236 Grahek 2013, 2/187 ff = 447 ff; e.g. ID 6701/087-001 or 6701/090-007 etc. 237 Horvat 1999, 53 f. 103 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT izmenjava redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo / Interchanging reducing and oxidising atmosphere with reduction in the final phase Incompfete oxidation firing nepopolno oksidacijsko s končnim dimljenjem / Incomplete oxidation firing with smoking in the final phase redukcijsko s končno oksidacijo / Reduction firing with oxidation in the final phase oksidacijsko s končnim dimljenjem/ Oxidation firing with smoking in the final phase stihijsko / Uncontroled firing redukcijsko/ Reducing atmosphere oksidacijsko / Oxidising atmosphere 0 10 n = 8673 30 40 50 % Sl. 34: Delež obravnavane keramike glede na način žganja. Fig. 34: Shares of pottery according to the firing technique. NAČIN ŽGANJA Način žganja sem ugotavljala na prelomih vseh obravnavanih kosov keramike. Prepoznala sem 8 različnih načinov (sl. 34) ali atmosfer kot jih navaja Horvatova.237 Obravnavani kosi keramike so bili najpogosteje bodisi redukcijsko bodisi oksidacijsko žgani. Mnogo manjši je delež nepopolno oksidacijsko žgane keramike, ki je bila ob koncu procesa žganja še dimljena. Pri še manjšem deležu keramike je bilo nato ugotovljeno tudi oksidacijsko žganje z dimljenjem v končni fazi, redukcijsko žganje z oksidacijo ob koncu, izmenjava redukcijskega in oksidacijskega žganja s končno redukcijo in pa nepopolno oksidacijsko žganje. Stihijski način žganja je bil na eni strani ugotovljen pri slabše, na nižjih temperaturah žgani keramiki, na drugi strani pa pri keramiki, za katero ni bilo več možno ugotoviti načina žganja ob sami izdelavi, ker so bili predmeti in/ ali posode sekundarno prežgani ali pa so bili že ob sami uporabi izpostavljeni ognju. Sekundarno izpostavljenost ognju, bodisi ožganost, bodisi prežganost ali celo deformiranost, sem označila v opombah.238 Pri 1.107 ali 12,8 % obravnavanih kosov keramike je bilo namreč ugotovljeno, da so bili med uporabo ali ob depoziciji izpostavljeni ognju. Poleg keramike, ki sem jo opredelila kot stihijsko žgano (54 %), sem izpostavljenost ognju v večjih deležih ugotavljala še pri redukcijskem žganju (14,9 %), redukcijskem žganju 237 Horvat 1999, 53 s. 238 Grahek 2013, 2/185 ss = 445 ss. share of the pottery was fired in an incomplete oxidising atmosphere, with the firing process finished by smoking. Small shares also revealed oxidation firing with smoking in the final phase, reduction firing with oxidation in the final phase, interchanging reducing and oxidising atmospheres with reduction at the end, as well as incomplete oxidation firing. Uncontrolled firing was established for the pottery fired at low temperatures, but also for the pottery or objects that could not be determined as to the original firing because of either secondary exposure to fire or use in direct contact with fire. Secondary exposure to fire, resulting in ceramic pieces being either burnt, burnt through or even deformed, is documented in endnotes .238 I was able to identify exposure to fire after deposition or during use in 1,107 or 12.8% of all the determinable pieces of pottery. Apart from the pottery fired in uncontrolled conditions (54%), I established notable shares of pieces secondarily exposed to fire in those fired in a reducing atmosphere (14.9%), in a reducing atmosphere with final oxidation (13%) and those fired in an oxidising atmosphere (9.6%). HARDNESS I determined the hardness with the aid of the Mohs scale and described it according to the criteria set by Horvat.239 I determined 84.9% of all pieces as hard, 4.1% as very hard and 10.9% as soft (Fig. 35). 238 Grahek 2013, 2/185 ff = 445 ff. 239 Horvat 1999, 56. 104 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Sl. 35: Delež keramike glede na trdoto v primerjavi z deležem prežgane in grafitne keramike. Fig. 35: Shares ofpottery according to hardness compared with the shares of the pottery with secondary exposure to fire and of the graphite ware. s končno oksidacijo (13 %) in oksidacijskem načinu žganja (9,6 %). TRDOTA Trdoto keramike sem ugotavljala s pomočjo Mohsove trdotne lestvice in jo opisovala po navodilih Horvatove.239 84,9 % vseh obravnavanih kosov keramike sem tako opredelila kot trde, 4,1 % kot zelo trde, 10,9 % keramike pa je bilo mehke. Pri mehki keramiki je treba poudariti, da je bilo kar 66,6 % primerkov mehkih, ker so bili sekundarno prežgani, 7,9 % pa je bilo grafitne keramike (sl. 35). OBDELAVA IN BARVA POVRŠINE KERAMIKE Na zunanji površini keramike sem v prvi vrsti ugotavljala sledi različnih tehnik obdelave površine. Površina je bila pri 82,4 % keramike mokro brisana in je gladka; pri 4,5 % keramike je bila polirana in je povsem zglajena; 8,4 % keramike pa je imelo površino, brisano brez uporabe vode, tako da je ta ostala neravna in groba. Neravno in grobo površino ima tudi 4,7 % keramike, ki sem jo opisala kot hrapavo. Omenjeni kosi so sicer bili vsi glajeni, če že ne vsaj brisani (B*),240 vendar pa imajo danes bodisi zaradi izpostavljenosti ognju bodisi zaradi postdepozicijskih procesov grobo površino. Poleg sledi obdelane površine sem tako na prelomih kot tudi na površini sami opazovala še poroznost keramike. O njej pričajo luknjice, ki sem jih zasledila na površini 30,4 % kosov obravnavane keramike. Od tega je bilo skupno 3,7 % porozne in 26,7 % rahlo porozne 239 Horvat 1999, 56. 240 Grahek 2013, 2/185 ss = 445 ss. Of the soft pieces, as much as 66.6% were soft because of secondary exposure to fire, while 7.9% belonged to graphite ware (Fig. 35). SURFACE TREATEMENT AND COLOUR I was able to establish several techniques of surface treatment. In as much as 82.4% of pottery, the surface was wet-smoothed, 4.5% of the pottery was burnished and the surface of 8.4% of the pottery was smoothed without the use of water, which left it uneven and rough. Uneven and rough surface was also observed on 4.7% of pieces, which were originally all wet-smoothed (B*)240 if not burnished and their surface became rough through secondary exposure to fire or post-depositional processes. Apart from surface treatment, I also observed porosity, on both fractures and surface. Evidence of porosity is holes, which I detected on the surface of 30.4% of the ceramic finds. Of those, 3.7% is porous and 26.7% lightly porous. There is 32.5% of the wet-smoothed pottery that is porous, 28.6% of the burnished pottery, 20% of the pottery with a rough surface, while the pieces with a rough surface that could originally have been smoothed without the use of water are by far the least porous (7%) (Fig. 36). The interior and exterior surfaces were also observed as to their colour, which was determined with the aid of Munsell's colour chart adapted for pottery analysis.241 The colour of the surface mainly depends on the composition of the clay fabric and the firing technique, but is prone to subsequent changes. These are caused first by use and various accumulations through use, and later by being buried in the earth.242 Because of the changes in the surface colour after firing, I did not perform an analysis of the surface colour. I can, however, conclude that shades of grey-black, grey and dark brown predominate for the reduction fired, and shades of red and light or pale brown for the oxidation fired pottery. 3.4 TYPOLOGY OF CERAMIC FINDS Typology forms the basis of any attempt of systematically analysing a large ceramic assemblage. This first requires clearly formulated objectives, on the one hand, and clearly defined criteria, on the other.243 Considering the sheer size of the ceramic assemblage from Stična, typology was established as a means 240 Grahek 2013, 2/185 ff = 445 ff. 241 Horvat 1999, 160 f. 242 Horvat 1999, 55. See Grahek 2013, 2/192 ff = 452 ff, notes. 243 Shepard 1965, 306 ff, Rice 1987 274 ff. 105 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT keramike. Pri keramiki z gladko površino znaša delež porozne keramike 32,5 %, pri zglajeni 28,6 % in pri glajeni 20 %. Daleč najmanjši je delež (7 %) porozne keramike pri primerkih s hrapavo površino (sl. 36). Pri zunanji in notranji površini keramike sem opazovala tudi barvo. Določala sem jo s pomočjo Munsellove barvne lestvice, prilagojene obdelavi kera-mike.241 Barva površine je v prvi vrsti odvisna od sestave lončarske mase in načina žganja, vendar pa se kasneje nemalokrat spremeni. Spremembe barve površine povzročajo sama uporaba in različne obloge, ki nastajajo ob njej, ter tiste, ki nastajajo zaradi zakopanosti v zemljo.242 Barve površine keramike, zaradi velike dovzetnosti za spremembe po samem žganju izdelka nisem posebej analizirala. Kljub temu lahko zaključim, da prevladujejo sivočrni, sivi in temno rjavi odtenki pri redukcijsko žgani ter rdeči in svetlo ali bledo rjavi odtenki pri oksi-dacijsko žgani keramiki. 3.4 TIPOLOSKA RAZVRSTITEV KERAMIKE Sl. 36: Delež keramike glede na obdelavo površine in poroznost. Fig. 36: Shares of pottery according to surface treatment and porosity. Pri obdelavi vseh večjih keramičnih zbirov je tipološka razvrstitev osnovno orodje za sistematsko obdelavo gradiva. Vendar pa morajo biti pri vsaki ti-pološki analizi keramike že vnaprej jasno zastavljeni cilji in smoter analize na eni ter uporabljeni kriteriji na drugi strani.243 Glede na obsežnost obravnavanega keramičnega zbira sem s tipološko razvrstitvijo stiške naselbinske keramike želela najprej oblikovati osnovo za ovrednotenje vsega obravnavanega gradiva tako z oblikovnega, tehnološkega in kronološkega vidika na eni, kot tudi s funkcionalnega vidika na drugi strani. Ker je Stična zagotovo eno od središč dolenjske halštatske skupine,244 je povsem upravičena tudi naša predpostavka, da bodo izsledki analiz stiške keramike lahko vsaj deloma merodajni tudi za preostala železnodobna naselja na Dolenjskem. Eno od vodil pri naši tipološki analizi je tako bila tudi želja po izdelavi razvrstitve, ki bi presegala okvire samega najdišča. Tipološko analizo sem osnovala na posameznih skupinah osnovnih oblik posod in predmetov, ki sem jih prepoznavala že pri pregledu in odbiranju opredeljive keramike. V okviru osnovnih skupin sem nato oblikovala posamezne tipe,245 pri čemer so me vodili 241 Horvat 1999, 160 s. 242 Horvat 1999, 55. Glej Grahek 2013, 2/192 ss = 452 ss, opombe. 243 Shepard 1965, 306 ss, Rice 1987 274 ss. 244 Gabrovec 1994; Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, 155 ss. 245 Dular (1982, 18 s) je postavil zelo jasen in povsem upravičen kriterij, da lahko o tipu posod govorimo šele, ko se neka oblika posode in/ali predmeta ponovi vsaj trikrat. Od tega pravila sem le izjemoma odstopala, kar bo sproti tudi obrazloženo in utemeljeno. of formally, technologically, chronologically and also functionally evaluating the finds. Stična is one of the centres of the Dolenjska Hallstatt group;244 it is thus logical to assume that the analysis results will at least in part be relevant for other Iron Age settlements in Dolenjska as well. With this in mind, the typological analysis was conducted so as to provide a classification that could also be used for the ceramic assemblages from other sites. The whole assemblage was divided into individual typological groups of basic forms of vessels and other objects, which I identified already while selecting the determinable ceramic pieces. The basic groups were then subdivided into individual types,245 on the basis of the shaping technique, form, size, shape of individual parts and decoration. Before proceeding with typology, I should mention two factors that significantly influenced my analysis. The first is the inconsistent terminology in Slovenian pottery analyses. This is most apparent in the names for individual forms of ceramic vessels;246 I opted to use the names applied to analyse the Hallstatt funerary pottery.247 Here I should stress that individual names are used with the aim of defining a particular form and 244 Gabrovec 1994; Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, 155 ff. 245 Dular (1982, 18 f) set a very clear and quite objective criterion, namely that we may use the word type if a form appears in at least three different objects. I applied this criterion here with only rare exceptions. 246 E.g. latvica (here translated as dish with an inturned rim) as defined by Dular (1982, 14, Fig. 1: 16) is a form of a shallow vessel, but is either a dish or a bowl after Horvat (1999, 85, 170). 247 Dular 1982, 170 f. 106 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT kriteriji načina izdelave, obrisa, velikosti, oblikovanosti posameznih odsekov in okrasa. Preden se posvetim sami tipološki razvrstitvi, moram omeniti še dva dejavnika, ki sta močno vplivala na potek mojega dela. Prvi je problem terminologije keramike. Tu se še vedno srečujemo s precejšnjo nedoslednostjo uporabe določenih izrazov, kar lahko povzroča zmedo. To velja predvsem za samo poimenovanje oblik keramičnega posodja,246 pri čemer sem se odločila za uporabo terminov, kot so se uveljavili pri obdelavi halštatske grobne keramike.247 Hkrati želim poudariti, da posamezne termine uporabljam v prvi vrsti kot splošno oznako oblike posode, saj posameznim oblikam nikakor ne želim prejudicirati tudi njihove namembnosti oziroma uporabe. Tovrstna sodba je namreč vedno težavna in zahteva posebno analizo ter obravnavo.248 Pri opisovanju posameznih oblik posodja pa naletimo tudi na problem poimenovanja posameznih odsekov. Tu sem se naslonila na poskus standardizacije opisnih postopkov s strani Horvatove.249 Neustrezno terminološko označene keramične oblike poimenujem na novo. Vsa terminološka vprašanja in zagonetke so tesno povezana s fragmentarnostjo obravnavanega gradiva. Fragmentarnost, ki je v prvi vrsti posledica same rabe in jo gre v največjem deležu pripisati že depozicijskim procesom250, namreč močno otežuje bržkone vsako tipološko razvrstitev naselbinske keramike. Naselbinsko keramiko iz Stične tipološko delim na tri osnovne skupine: posodje, ognjiščne in druge predmete, ki združujejo več oblik oz. vrst keramičnih posod ali predmetov. Prva skupina tako vključuje več oblik globokega251 in plitvega posodja252, pri čemer eksplicitno ne razlikujem med kuhinjskim in namiznim ali servisnim posodjem. Poleg tega sem v prvo skupino uvrstila še pokrove, ki so lahko pokrivali tako kuhinjsko kot tudi namizno posod-je, in redke primerke pomožnega kuhinjskega posodja. Slednje sem združila v skupino posodja posebnih oblik. Zaradi fragmentarnosti je posodje največkrat tipološko razvrščeno le po oblikah ustij. Če je za posamezni tip ali varianto posode karakterističen še drug odsek posode (npr. vrat, noga, ročaj ipd.) ali okras (npr. rdeče-črno barvanje, glavničen okras, kanelure ipd.), so vsi ti kosi keramike uvrščeni k ustreznemu tipu in/ali varianti ne oziraje se na stopnjo ohranjenosti. Kljub temu ostajajo številni kosi dna posod in okrašeni fragmenti nerazvrščeni, 246 Npr. latvice se kot jasno opredeljena oblika plitve posode po Dularju (1982, 14, sl. 1: 16) po Horvatovi razvrščajo med sklede in skodele (1999, 85, 170). 247 Dular 1982, 11 s. 248 Price 1987, 207 ss. 249 Horvat 1999, 57 ss. 250 Baker 1998, 180. 251 Pitosi, lonci, lonci s stožčastim vratom, buče, ciboriji, vrči, glinenke, pokali, lončki in ročke. 252 Latvice, sklede in skodele. not to suggest their function; such suggestions are always problematic and require previous analyses.248 The second factor is the inconsistency in defining individual parts of vessels. Here, I followed the standardization of descriptive procedures as proposed by Horvat,249 with the incorrectly terminologically defined ceramic forms given a new name. Fragmentation of ceramic finds, which is in a large measure attributable to depositional processes,250 makes the task of any typological analysis a challenging one, and so it was with the highly fragmented ceramic finds from Stična. The ceramic finds from the settlement excavations at Stična are typologically divided into three basic groups: vessels, hearth utensils and other/miscellaneous objects, which are further divided into different forms, types and/or variants. The group of ceramic vessels consists of a number of forms of either deep251 or shallow vessels252, without making an explicit distinction between coarseware and fineware. This group also includes lids, which were used to cover both the coarse and the fineware, but also contains rare pieces of colanders and a funnel jointly treated as other vessel forms. Because of the high fragmentation, vessels are most often classified on the basis of the shape of the rim. If a particular type or variant is characterised by another part of the vessel (e.g. neck, foot, handle) or by decoration (e.g. black-on-redpainting, combed decoration, grooving), appropriate finds are attributed to it regardless of the degree of preservation. Numerous fragments of bases and those bearing decoration remain unclassified, as they could not positively be attributed to any of the vessel forms, types or variants. The unclassified fragments of bases and feet are treated at the end of the group of vessels, while the unclassified decorated fragments are discussed as part of the decoration analysis. The second basic group contains objects connected with hearths and/or fireplaces. The third group comprises all other objects made of clay. Individual forms of ceramic vessels are divided and discussed according to the shaping technique; first those that were hand-built and either thrown or finished on the slow wheel, and then those made on the fast wheel. The appearance of the fast potter's wheel in Slovenia is associated with the Late Iron Age, hence this is a generalised division between Hallstatt and La Tene pottery with the Hallstatt types of vessels presented first and the La Tene types second. 248 Price 1987, 207 ff. 249 Horvat 1999, 57 ff. 250 Baker 1998, 180. 251 Pithoi, jars, jars with a conical neck, globular jars, footed bowls, jugs, flasks, goblets, beakers and pitchers. 252 Dishes, bowls and cups. 107 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT saj jih ne moremo z gotovostjo pripisati posamezni vrsti, tipu ali varianti posode. Dna in noge so tako tipološko obravnavani na koncu vseh vrst posodja prve skupine stiške naselbinske keramike, medtem ko bodo tipološko nerazvrščeni fragmenti obravnavani pri analizi okrasa. V drugo osnovno skupino sem uvrstila predmete, ki jih povezujemo z ognjišči in/ali kurišči, vse preostale pa v tretjo. Posodje je najprej razdeljeno in obravnavano glede na način izdelave. Pri tem razlikujem predvsem med prostoročno izdelavo in izdelavo oziroma dodelavo na počasnem lončarskem vretenu na eni ter izdelavo na hitrem lončarskem vretenu na drugi strani. Ker pojav hitrega lončarskega vretena na Slovenskem povezujemo z mlajšo železno dobo, gre pri tem primarno za zelo posplošeno razlikovanje med halštatsko in latensko keramiko. Pri vsaki obliki posodja so tako najprej predstavljeni posamezni halštatski ter nato še latenski tipi posod. Posamezne oblike posod in vrste predmetov so označene s črkami, ki jim nato sledi številka kot oznaka tipa (npr. lonci tipa 1 = L 1; latvice tipa 4 = La 4). Pri opisu posameznega tipa so naprej navedene oblikovne značilnosti, ki ga določajo. Mednje spada oblikovanost posameznih delov, lahko tudi okras. Če je mogoča nadaljnja delitev na variante, sledi predstavitev kriterijev za določitev posamezne variante. Ta je označena z malo črko (npr. L 1a), ki sledi številki tipa posode ali predmeta. Oblikovnim značilnostim sledi opis načina izdelave in tehnoloških lastnosti obravnavanega tipa. Ker vsi opredeljeni kosi keramike niso bili izrisani, naštejem pri vsakem tipu posebej število obravnavanih kosov v posameznih kompleksih vsake sonde posebej, in sicer v enakem vrstnem redu sond kot pri orisu stratigrafije ter v katalogu; to je kot so bili oštevilčeni, našteti posamezni kompleksi in število obravnavanih kosov keramike dotičnega tipa v njem. Za izrisane kose navajam tudi tabelo iz kataloga, saj pri posameznih tipih zaradi velike številčnosti niso vedno vsi vneseni na tipološko preglednico. Sledi relativni, stratigrafsko-kronološki oris, ki je z izjemo latenske keramike, izdelane na hitrem lončarskem vretenu, temeljil na posameznih zidovih oziroma osnovnih utrdbenih fazah stiškega gradišča. S pregledom zastopanosti dotičnih tipov latenske keramike po strati-grafskih stopnjah oziroma tistih latenskih plasteh, ki so ključne za kronološko opredelitev mlajšeželeznodobne poselitve253, je podan stratigrafsko-kronološki oris tudi za latensko keramiko. Pri tej posebej sledim le še zastopanost med keramiko iz plasti k zidu III, medtem ko so morebitne najdbe iz stratigrafsko starejših plasti obravnavane kot zamešane oziroma neopredeljene. Na enak način kot t. i. latenska keramika so dodatno obravnavani tudi tisti tipi prostoročno izdelanega posodja, za katere se je pri stratigrafsko-kronološkem orisu po posameznih zidovih izkazalo, da so (tudi) latenskodobni. 253 Glej pri poglavju 3.6.2. Individual forms of vessels are marked with capital letters of Slovenian designation, followed by Arabic numerals that mark successive types (e.g. jars of Type 1 = L 1; shallow bowls of Type 4 = La 4). The description of a type begins with its formal characteristics, such as the shape of its parts and decoration if present. In the case of a further division into variants, the criteria for the division are stated. Individual variants are marked with small letters that follow the type number (e.g. L 1a). The description continues with the shaping technique and other technological characteristics. The analysed pieces could not all be drawn, therefore the description gives the exact number of pieces attributed to a type from individual complexes of finds of each trench, which are cited in the same order as in the outline of the stratigraphy and in the catalogue. For the pieces presented in drawing, I cite the appropriate table in the catalogue, because the great number of finds prevented me from including all into the typological table. This is followed by a relative attribution of a type in chrono-stratigraphic terms. With the exception of the La Tene pottery thrown on the fast wheel, this attribution is based on individual walls or fortification phases of the Stična hillfort. The La Tene pottery was also analysed in this manner, but based on the stratigraphic phases or the La Tene layers of key importance for the chronological attribution of the Late Iron Age habitation.253 I follow its presence in the layers associated with Wall III, while any La Tene finds from stratigraphically earlier layers are treated either as mixed or as undeterminable. Also treated separately are the types of hand-built vessels that were later, during the stratigraphic and chronological analysis, found to (also) be from the La Tene period. Presented in the endnotes are all deviations from the basic forms and all possible exceptions, which cannot be treated as either a special type or variant due to their infrequency. Also noted is a possible correlation of a vessel type with a well-established type of the funerary pottery as determined by Dular.254 The typology does not include the decorated vessel fragments that could not be determined as to their form, but also the rare pieces of imported Roman pottery.255 3.4.1 PITHOI (Pi) Pithoi (in Greek) are large ceramic vessels that are predominantly used as urns in burial contexts,256 while in settlements they are usually ascribed a storage function. The ceramic finds from the Stična settlement include two types of hand-built pithoi that allow, be- 253 See Chapter 3.6.2. 254 Dular 1982. 255 Type 'imp'; e.g. ID 6701/086-014 etc. See Grahek 2013, 2/187 ff = 447 ff. 256 Dular 1982, 173. 108 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT V sprotnih opombah so predstavljena vsa odstopanja od osnovnih oblik ter vse morebitne izjeme, ki jih zaradi nepogostosti ne moremo obravnavati niti kot tip niti kot varianto, ter to, ali je posamezen tip posodja možno izenačiti z že dodobra uveljavljeno tipološko razporeditvijo grobne keramike.254 Poleg okrašenih fragmentov posodja, ki zaradi fragmentarnosti bodisi ne omogočajo zanesljivejše rekonstrukcije oblike ali tipa posode bodisi da gre za posamične primerke, so iz tipološke obravnave in razvrstitve izpuščeni redki kosi uvožene rimske keramike.255 3.4.1 PITOSI (Pi) Pitosi (gr.) so velike posode, ki so jih na grobiščih večinoma uporabljali za žare.256 Pogosto se pojavljajo tudi v naseljih, kjer jim pripisujemo uporabo predvsem v hrambene namene. Med prostoročno izdelano keramiko se pojavljata le dva tipa pitosov, pri katerih, zaradi velike fragmentarnosti lahko le delno ugotavljamo tudi posamezne variante. Velike shrambene posode ali pitosi so zastopane tudi med na vretenu izdelano latensko keramiko. Gre za pitose tipa 3, njim primerljive posode zasledimo v literaturi poimenovane z latinsko sopomenko doliji (lat. dolium).257 TIP Pi 1 Oblika: Velike, trebušaste ali bikonične posode, z močno izvihanim lijakastim ustjem (sl. 37). Prehod ustja v rame je lahko klekasto preoblikovan. Razlikujemo med dvema variantama. Pitosi variante 1a (Pi 1a) imajo na trebuhu najobičajneje v paru nalepljene velike jezičaste držaje; pitosi 1b (Pi 1b) so pod klekasto preoblikovanim prehodom ustja v rame okrašeni z bradavicami. Izdelava: Prostoročno, praviloma iz drobnozrnate lončarske mase izdelani pitosi, so najpogosteje redukcijsko žgani, pogosto je tudi oksidacijsko žganje s končnim dimljenjem. Površina je običajno gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/65. (t. 44: 2; 53: 1; 54: 6; 55: 15; 56:10; 78:16; 81: 6; 92:1 ) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvin Pitosi tipa 1 so zastopani v plasteh k vsem trem halštatskim zidovom, kot tudi v latenskih plasteh. Najpogosteje izvirajo iz plasti k zidu I do vključno plasti k zidu II (sl. 53). 254 Dular 1982. 255 Tip imp.; npr. ID 6701/086-014 idr. Glej Grahek 2013, 2/187 ss = 447 ss. 256 Dular 1982, 21. 257 Npr. Bonis 1969, 191 ss; Urban 1996, 199 ss. cause of the high fragmentation, only few variants to be identified. Large storage vessels can also be found among the wheel-thrown La Tene pottery. These are Pithoi of Type 3, with comparable finds also known in the literature under the Latin synonym of dolium.257 TYPE Pi 1 Form: large belly-shaped or biconical vessels with a strongly everted or funnel-shaped rim (Fig. 37), in some examples with a carinated rim-shoulder junction. Of these, the jars with large tongue-shaped lugs, usually in a pair, applied to the belly constitute Variant 1a (Pi 1a) and the jars with knobs below the carinated rim-shoulder junction constitute Variant 1b (Pi 1b). Manufacture: hand-built; mostly of medium-grained fabric; mostly fired in a reducing atmosphere, often also in an oxidising atmosphere with final smoking; surface usually smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/65. (Pls. 44:2; 53:1; 54: 6; 55:15; 56:10; 78:16; 81: 6; 92: 1 ) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in the layers associated with all three Hallstatt walls, but also in the La Tene layers. They are most frequent in the layers associated with Walls I and II (Fig. 53). Notes: pithos of ID 6911/011-006 (Pl. 92:1) and marked with an asterisk (*) was damaged during use and repaired with binding as indicated by the holes in several of its wall fragments. The pithoi of Type 1 correspond with the relatively varied Type 1 of funerary pottery after Dular.258 TYPE Pi 2 Form: large belly-shaped vessels decorated with horizontal cordons and interchanging red and black painted bands between the cordons (Fig. 37). They have an everted rim, sometimes with shallow grooves in the interior, in rare cases the interior rim is facetted. The pithoi with a roundly thickened and everted rim, sometimes with shallow grooves in the interior, are marked as Variant 2a (Pi 2a). Manufacture: hand-built; mostly of medium-grained fabric, mostly fired in an oxidising or an incompletely oxidising atmosphere. Most of these pithoi came to be burnt through or at least exposed to fire after use. Surface usually smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/66. (Pls. 8:1, 5, 6; 15: 3, 15,16; 17: 8, 18; 18:12; 21:1; 22:1; 24: 9; 28: 8; 30:13, 17; 31: 257 E.g. Bonis 1969, 191 ff; Urban 1996, 199 ff. 258 Dular 1982, (19), 173. 109 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Sl. 37: Pitosi tipa 1-3. Fig. 37: Pithoi of Types 1-3. Opombe: Z * označen pitos ID 6911/011-006 (t. 92:1) je bil v času uporabe poškodovan in nato popravljan z vezanjem, na kar kažejo na več fragmentih ostenja ohranjene luknje. Pitosi tipa 1 bi se po tipologiji grobne keramike uvrščali med razmeroma raznolike pitose tipa 1 po Dularju.258 258 Dular 1982, 19. 3; 33: 9,16; 43:2; 55:17; 59:11,13; 63:1,11; 64:12; 77:1, 10; 78: 1, 10, 15; 82: 6; 83:1) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: appear in the last layers associated with Wall I and in the layers between Walls I and II, but were most numerously present in the layers associated with Wall II (Fig. 53). Notes: rim fragment of ID 6702/062-001 (= 6702/064001), with the rim folded outwards and thus thickened (Pl. 63: 1), can be attributed to Variant 2a. 110 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT TIP Pi 2 Oblika: Velike, trebušate posode z okrasom vodoravnih reber (sl. 37). Pasovi med rebri so bili izmenoma poslikani z rdečo in črno barvo. Izvihano ustje je na notranji strani lahko rahlo nažlebljeno, redkeje fase-tirano. K pitosom tipa 2 prištevamo tudi fragmente velikih ustij z navzven zavihanim kroglasto odebe-ljenim robom. Ta ustja smo označili kot varianto 2a (Pi 2a). Tudi ustja pitosov 2a so lahko na notranji strani rahlo nažlebljena. Izdelava: Prostoročno , praviloma iz drobnozrnate lončarske mase izdelani pitosi, so bili najpogosteje oksida-cijsko ali nepopolno oksidacijsko žgani. Po uporabi so bili v veliki večini prežgani ali vsaj izpostavljeni ognju. Površina je bila običajno gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/66. (t. 8:1, 5, 6; 15: 3, 15,16; 17: 8, 18; 18:12; 21:1; 22:1; 24: 9; 28: 8; 30:13, 17; 31: 3; 33: 9, 16; 43:2; 55:17; 59:11, 13; 63:1, 11; 64:12; 77:1, 10; 78:1, 10, 15; 82: 6; 83:1) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvin Pitosi tipa 2 se pojavijo v najmlajših plasteh k zidu I ali v plasti med zidom I in II. Večina pitosov tipa 2 izvira iz plasti k zidu II (sl. 53). Opombe: Glede na samo obliko lahko k pitosom 2a prištevamo tudi posamičen primer ustja ID 6702/062-001 (= 6702/064-001), ki je bilo na koncu spo dvihano in s tem odebeljeno (t. 63: 1). Ker ne moremo ugotoviti, ali gre res za ustje pitosa z rdeče-črno poslikavo med vodoravnimi rebri, je označen z *. Pitosi tipa 2 ustrezajo pitosom tipa 4 po Dularju.259 TIP Pi 3 Oblika: Velike, trebušaste posode z nažlebljenimi, stož-častimi rameni (sl. 37), ki se proti navzven gobasto odebeljenemu robu ustja močno zožujejo. Ramena so lahko okrašena tudi z modeliranim vodoravnim rebrom. Izdelava: Na lončarskem vretenu, običajno iz dobro prečiščene in pregnetene, zelo finozrnate lončarske mase izdelani pitosi so bili najpogosteje žgani ob menjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končnim dimlje-njem. Pogosto je tudi oksidacijsko žganje s končnim dimljenjem. Površina je običajno gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/66. (t. 88:1; 94:19; 90: 5) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvin Pitosi tipa 3 izvirajo iz laten-skih plasti. Poleg posameznega primerka iz plasti a v sondi 5 in plasti k prečnemu zidu 2, so številčnejše zastopani v plasti k prečnemu zidu 1 ter v plasteh na zahodni terasi. Najpogosteje izvirajo iz plasti k zidu na zahodni terasi (sl. 55). 259 Dular 1982, 25; t. 3: 10, 11. However, it is not possible to determine whether it was painted with red and black bands between the cordons and the pithos is therefore marked with an asterisk (*). The pithoi of Type 2 correspond with the pithoi of Type 4 after Dular.259 TYPE Pi 3 Form: large belly-shaped vessels with shallow grooves on the conical shoulder that narrows considerably towards the rim that has a mushroom-shaped thickening on the exterior (Fig. 37). The shoulder can also be decorated with a horizontal cordon modelled out of the wall. Manufacture: wheel-thrown; usually of refined, well-kneaded and very fine-grained fabric; mostly fired in an interchanging reducing and oxidising atmosphere with final smoking. Also frequent is firing in an oxidising atmosphere with final smoking. Surface usually smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/66. (Pls. 88:1; 94:19; 90: 5) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in the La Tene layers. Individual examples were found in Layer a in Trench 5 and the layer associated with the second crosswall. They were found in greater numbers in the layers associated with the first crosswall and in the layers on the western terrace, but most frequently appeared in the layers associated with the wall on the western terrace (Fig. 55). 3.4.2 JARS (L) Jars are by far the most numerously represented and commonly used form of the Iron Age settlement pottery. According to Dular, jars are variously shaped deep vessels that, contrary to pithoi, do not exceed 30cm in height and are no more than 1.5 times as high as they are wide.260 Horvat uses the same proportions to define the form, but goes on to specify that they are vessel with the minimum neck diameter equal or larger than 1/3 of the vessel's maximum width.261 Jars are usually interpreted as coarseware and tied to preparing food in the hearth. Such an interpretation is suggested by the numerous traces of exposure to fire and the remains, albeit scarce, of foodstuffs (endnotes, e.g. ID 6703/033-007).262 The pottery from Stična revealed 43 types of jars. Some types could only be distinguished on the basis of the shape of their rims, others also on the basis of other parts, decoration and shaping technique. Jars of Types 259 Dular 1982, (21), 173; Pl. 3: 10, 11. 260 Dular 1982, (12), 170, Fig. 1: 2. 261 Horvat 1999, 86, 171: A2C. 262 Grahek 2013, 2/202 ff = 462 ff. 111 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT 3.4.2 LONCI (L) Lonci so gotovo daleč najštevilčnejša in najobičajnejša oblika naselbinskega železnodobnega keramičnega posodja. Po Dularju gre za različno oblikovane globoke posode, ki za razliko od pitosov v višino ne merijo več kot 30 cm, višina pa ne presega 1,5-kratnika njihove največje širine.260 Proporcionalna razmerja za opredelitev oblike loncev uporabi tudi Horvatova, ki imenuje lonci posode z minimalnim premerom vratu, enakim ali večjim od 1/3 maksimalnega premera posode.261 Lonce običajno uvrščamo med kuhinjsko posodje in jih povezujemo s pripravo hrane na ognjiščih. Tovrstno razlago rabe loncev omogočajo tako številne sledi izpostavljenosti ognju kot tudi redkejši ostanki hrane (opombe, npr. ID 6703/033-007 idr.).262 V Stični smo uspeli razločiti 43 tipov loncev. Čeprav so bili posamezni tipi pogosto prepoznani le na podlagi ustij, se lonci med seboj razlikujejo tako po oblikovnih značilnostih in okrasu kot tudi po načinu izdelave. Lonci tipa 35 do 43 so tako bili vsaj dodelani na hitrem lončarskem vretenu in so latenskodobni. Med prostoročno izdelanimi lonci izstopa dobro ohranjen bikonični lonec s pokončnim vratom ID 6912/102-018 (t. 50: 4). Ker gre za posamično najdbo, je lonec na preglednici obravnavane stiške keramike tipološko zaznamovan kot "L *". TIP L 1 Oblika: Veliki, pogosto nesimetrično oblikovani lonci s trupom valjaste oblike (sl. 38), ki jih imenujemo tudi vrečasti lonci.263 Proti dnu so lahko nekoliko zoženi. Zaobljeno ali ravno odrezano ustje je pokončno, lahko tudi rahlo nagnjeno navznoter. Glede na velikost razlikujemo med dvema variantama. Pri tem so lonci, katerih polmer ustja je večji od 8,5 cm, označeni kot lonci 1a (L 1a), manjši lonci s polmerom ustja enakim ali manjšim od 8,5 cm, pa kot 1b (L 1b). Izdelava: Prostoročno, navadno iz drobnozrnate lončarske mase izdelani lonci so najpogosteje redukcijsko ali oksidacijsko žgani. Površina je običajno gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/68. (t. 1:2-4; 2: 7; 3: 2, 3; 5: 3; 9: 1; 12: 10; 16: 4, 5, 13; 17: 1, 11; 19: 8; 21: 14; 22: 2; 23:2; 24:1, 7,12; 30:1, 2; 32:1; 36:2, 7; 39: 9; 42:14; 48:2; 49: 4; 60: 4; 69:1-3; 72:16; 81:2) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Lonci tipa 1 so najštevilnejše zastopani v plasteh k I zidu (sl. 53). Najdeni so tudi v plasteh k mlajšima zidovoma in v latenskih plasteh, vendar pa se njihov delež vsakokrat zmanjša približno za tretjino. 260 Dular 1982, 12, sl. 1: 2. 261 Horvat 1999, 86, 171: A2C. 262 Grahek 2013, 2/202 ss = 462 ss. 263 Grahek 2004, 128, sl. 20: L 13. 35-43 were at least finished, if not completely made on the fast wheel and date to the La Tene period. The hand-built jars include one well-preserved biconical example of ID 6912/102-018 with a vertical neck (Pl. 50: 4) that stands apart from the others; it is a stray find and is typologically marked as L * at the end of the table of the ceramic finds from Stična. TYPE L 1 Form: large, often unsymmetrical jars with a cylindrical body (Fig. 38), also known as bag-shaped jars,263 that may narrow slightly towards the base. The rim is either vertical or slightly inturned, the lip either rounded or flat. They are of different sizes, with those of rim diameter greater than 8.5cm constituting Variant 1a (L 1a) and those of rim diameter equal or smaller than 8.5cm constituting Variant 1b (L 1b). Manufacture: hand-built; usually of medium-grained fabric; mostly fired in a reducing or an oxidising atmosphere; surface usually smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/68. (Pls. 1:2-4; 2: 7; 3: 2, 3; 5: 3; 9: 1; 12: 10; 16: 4, 5, 13; 17: 1, 11; 19: 8; 21: 14; 22: 2; 23:2; 24:1, 7,12; 30:1, 2; 32:1; 36:2, 7; 39: 9; 42:14; 48: 2; 49: 4; 60: 4; 69:1-3; 72:16; 81: 2) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: most numerously found in the layers associated with Wall I (Fig. 53). They were also found in the layers associated with Walls II and III and the La Tene layers, but their shares are reduced roughly by a third with each phase. Notes: jars of Type 1, but even more of Variant 1a correspond with the pithoi of Type 7 after Dular's typology of the Ljubljana Urnfield group.264 TYPE L 2 Form: jars with a cylindrical body, a vertical or slightly inturned rim and decorated with a plain horizontal cordon below the rim or on the upper half of the body (Fig. 38). Manufacture: same as for the jars of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/68. (Pls. 7: 2; 9:2; 11:11) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: most commonly found in the layers associated with Wall I (Fig. 53). Notes: wall fragment of the jar of ID 7016A/020-015 also bears a tongue-shaped lug modelled out of the cordon and is marked with an asterisk (*).265 Jars of Type 2 are bag-shaped jars that differ from those of Type 1 in decoration only. Because of a low number of examples, the jars of Type 2 are not divided into size variants. 263 Grahek 2004, 128, Fig. 20: L 13. 264 Dular 1982, (109), 206. 265 Grahek 2013, 2/371 = 631. 112 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Opombe: Predvsem lonci tipa 1a ustrezajo pitosom tipa 7 po Dularjevi tipološki razvrstitvi grobne keramike ljubljanske žarnogrobiščne skupine.264 TIP L 2 Oblika: Lonci z valjastim trupom, pokončnim ali nekoliko navznoter nagnjenim ustjem in okrasom nerazčle-njenega vodoravnega rebra pod ustjem oziroma na zgornji polovici trupa (sl. 38). Izdelava: Kot lonci tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/68. (t. 7:2; 9:2; 11:11) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Lonci tipa 2 najpogosteje izvirajo iz plasti k zidu I (sl. 53). Opombe: Pri fragmentu ostenja lonca ID 7016A/020-015, ki je označen z *, je iz rebra izvlečen še jezičast držaj.265 Lonci tipa 2 sodijo med vrečaste lonce, ki se od loncev tipa 1 razlikujejo le po okrasu. Zaradi manjšega števila primerkov, loncev tipa 2 ne delimo na velike in male, kot velja za lonce tipa 1. TIP L 3 Oblika: Lonci z valjastim trupom, s pokončnim ali nekoliko navznoter nagnjenim ustjem in z okrasom razčlenjenega vodoravnega rebra pod ustjem na zgornji polovici trupa (sl. 38). Razlikujemo med lonci 3a (L 3a), ki imajo rebro razčlenjeno z odtisi prsta, in lonci 3b (L 3b), ki imajo rebro razčlenjeno z odtisi šila. Izdelava: Kot lonci tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/70. (t. 3: 9, 10; 7: 1; 13: 1; 26: 1; 32:2; 35:1; 46: 3, 5; 57: 3; 59: 4; 73:1) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Lonci tipa 3 so številčneje zastopani v plasteh k zidu I (sl. 53). Opombe: Lonci tipa 3 sodijo med vrečaste lonce, ki se od loncev tipa 1 razlikujejo zgolj po okrasu. Zaradi manjšega števila primerkov delimo lonce tipa 3 na variante le po načinu izvedbe okrasa razčlenjenega rebra, ne pa tudi po velikosti, kot velja za lonce tipa 1. Obe varianti loncev tipa 3 se pojavljata tako v veliki kot manjši izvedbi. TIP L 4 Oblika: Lonci z valjastim trupom, pokončnim ali nekoliko navznoter nagnjenim ustjem in pritrjenim jezičastim držajem (sl. 38). Ti se običajno pojavljajo v paru in sicer na zgornji polovici trupa, lahko tik pod ustjem. Pri manjših loncih tipa 4 predstavljajo 264 Dular 1982, 109. 265 Grahek 2013, 2/371 = 631. TYPE L3 Form: jars with a cylindrical body, a vertical or slightly inturned rim and decorated with a horizontal cordon with impressions below the rim or on the upper half of the body (Fig. 38). The type is subdivided into Variant 3a (L 3a), with finger impressions on the cordon, and Variant 3b (L 3b), with tool impressions on the cordon. Manufacture: same as for the jars of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/70. (Pls. 3: 9, 10; 7: 1; 13: 1; 26: 1; 32: 2; 35:1; 46: 3, 5; 57: 3; 59: 4; 73:1) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: most frequently found in the layers associated with Wall I (Fig. 53). Notes: jars of Type 3 are bag-shaped jars that differ from those of Type 1 in decoration only. Because of a low number of examples, the division into two variants is not based on their size, but decoration only; the jars of both variants are either small or large vessels. TYPE L 4 Form: jars with a cylindrical body, a vertical or slightly inturned rim and tongue-shaped lugs (Fig. 38). The lugs usually appear in pairs and are applied to the upper half of the body, in some cases just below the rim. On the smaller of the Type 4 jars, lugs are replaced with elongated knobs. Lugs may bear finger impressions. Manufacture: same as for the jars of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/70. (Pls. 1:1; 3: 6, 7; 6:1; 8:15; 14: 5; 20:13; 27: 5; 44: 5; 52:1; 56: 6; 65: 2; 67: 6; 83: 7) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: most numerously found in the layers associated with Wall I (Fig. 53). Notes: Type 4 includes a burnished and well-fired jar of ID 7219/032-030 (Pl. 83:7) with a slightly thickened vertical rim and narrowing considerably towards the base. It differs from other Type 4 jars in its formal features and better surface treatment, and is marked with an asterisk (*). The jars of Type 4 are bag-shaped jars that differ from those of Type 1 in decoration, which is particularly true of the large examples. Smaller examples have parallels among the jars of Type 5 after Dular.266 TYPE L 5 Form: jars with a cylindrical body, a vertical or slightly inturned rim and decorated with knobs (Fig. 38), which most commonly appear singly on the upper half of the body, in some cases just below the rim. Manufacture: same as for the jars of Type 1. 266 Dular 1982, (31), 177, Pl. 7: 54. 113 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Sl. 38: Lonci tipa 1-6. Fig. 38: Jars of Types 1-6. 114 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT držaje podolgovato oblikovane bradavice. Držaji so lahko razčlenjeni z odtisi prstov. Izdelava: Kot lonci tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/70. (t. 1:1; 3: 6, 7; 6:1; 8:15; 14: 5; 20:13; 27: 5; 44: 5; 52:1; 56: 6; 65: 2; 67: 6; 83: 7) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Lonci tipa 4 so najštevilč-neje zastopani v plasteh k zidu I (sl. 53). Opombe: K loncem tipa 4 prištevamo tudi zglajen in bolj kakovostno žgan lonec ID 7219/032-030 (t. 83: 7), ki ima rahlo odebeljeno pokončno ustje, proti dnu pa je močno zožen. Ker se od loncev tipa 4 nekoliko razlikuje tako po oblikovnih značilnostih kot tudi po bolj kvalitetni obdelavi površine, je označen z *. Lonci tipa 4 sodijo med vrečaste lonce, ki se od loncev tipa 1 razlikujejo po okrasu. To še posebej velja za lonce večjih dimenzij, medtem ko lahko manjšim najdemo primerjave tudi med lonci tipa 5 po Dularju.266 TIP L 5 Oblika: Lonci z valjastim trupom, pokončnim ali nekoliko navznoter nagnjenim ustjem z okrasom bradavic (sl. 38), ki se na zgornji polovici trupa, lahko tik pod ustjem, najpogosteje pojavljajo posamično. Izdelava: Kot lonci tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/70. (t. 5: 8; 6: 8; 7: 3, 4; 9: 4; 10: 5; 12: 1; 16: 8, 9; 20: 3; 27: 1, 6; 31: 1; 52: 7; 53: 3; 72:17; 82:1) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Lonci tipa 5 najpogosteje izvirajo iz plasti k zidu I do vključno plasti k zidu II (sl. 53). Opombe: Med lonci tipa 5 nekoliko izstopata manjša lonca ID 6807/082-001 (t. 27: 1) in 7117/026-001 (t. 5: 8), ki imata navznoter upognjen stanjšan rob ustja. Zgornji rob ustja lonca z bradavico ID 7117/013-001 (t. 10: 5) je okrašen z vrezi. Podobno ima vreze na robu ustja tudi lonec ID 6805/113-007 (t. 72: 17), ki ima bradavico modelirano z odtisom prsta. Lonci tipa 5 sodijo med vrečaste lonce, ki se od loncev tipa 4 razlikujejo le po oblikovanosti bradavic. Večje lonce lahko tako uvrščamo tudi med pitose tipa 7 po Dularjevi tipološki razvrstitvi grobne keramike ljubljanske žarnogrobiščne skupine,267 medtem ko se manjši lahko uvrščajo med lonce tipa 5 po Dularju.268 TIP L 6 Oblika: Lonci z valjastim trupom in pokončnim ali nekoliko navznoter nagnjenim ustjem s podkvasto 266 Dular 1982, 31, t. 7: 54. 267 Dular 1982, 109. 268 Dular 1982, 31; t. 7: 55. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/70. (Pls. 5: 8; 6: 8; 7: 3, 4; 9: 4; 10: 5; 12: 1; 16: 8, 9; 20: 3; 27: 1, 6; 31: 1; 52: 7; 53: 3; 72:17; 82: 1) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: most frequently found in the layers associated with Wall I, Wall II and those between Wall I and II (Fig. 53). Notes: two small jars stand apart, of ID 6807/082-001 (Pl. 27:1) and 7117/026-001 (Pl. 5:8), in their inwardly curved and thinned rim. The outer rim of the jar with a knob of ID 7117/013-001 (Pl. 10: 5) is decorated with incisions. These can also be found on the rim of the jar of ID 6805/113-007 (Pl. 72:17) with a knob bearing a finger impression. Jars of Type 5 are bag-shaped jars that only differ from those of Type 4 in the shape of the knobs. The large jars correspond with the pithoi of Type 7 after Dular's typology the of Ljubljana Urnfield group,267 while the smaller ones correspond with the jars of Type 5 after Dular.268 TYPE L 6 Form: jars with a cylindrical body, a vertical or slightly inturned rim and horseshoe-shaped appliques on the upper half of the body, in some cases just below the rim (Fig. 38). Manufacture: same as for the jars of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/70. (Pls. 15:14; 16:6,10; 25:2; 27:4) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: appeared in the layers associated with Wall II, but also found in the layers associated with Wall III and the La Tene layers (Fig. 53). Notes: base and body of the jar of ID 7016A/017-002 (Pl. 15: 14) is marked with an asterisk (*) as it stands apart in the U-shaped applique only surviving in fragments. The jars of Type 6 often have a slightly inturned rim that forms a high and slightly rounded shoulder, but are still treated as bag-shaped jars. They differ from those of Type 1 in the shape of the applied decoration and are comparable with the jars of Type 5 after Dular.269 TYPE L 7 Form: jars with a cylindrical body, a vertical or slightly inturned rim and impressed decoration (Fig. 39). The jars of Variant 7a have a horizontal line of finger impressions below the rim, the jars of Variant 7b have tool impressions and the jars of Variant 7c bear incisions on the rim exterior. 267 Dular 1982, (109), 206. 268 Dular 1982, (31),177; Pl. 7: 55. 269 Dular 1982, (31), 177, Pl. 7: 56. 115 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT oblikovanim plastičnim okrasom (sl. 38). Ta se pojavlja na zgornji polovici, lahko tudi tik pod ustjem. Izdelava: Kot lonci tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/70. (t. 15:14; 16:6,10; 25:2; 27:4) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Lonci tipa 6 se pojavijo v plasteh k zidu II in so nato zastopani tudi v plasteh k zidu III ter v latenskih plasteh (sl. 53). Opombe: Kot posebnost, označeno z *, obravnavamo v okviru loncev tipa 6 dno lonca z ostenjem ID 7016A/017-002 (t. 15:14), ki ima fragmentarno ohranjeno apliko v obliki črke "U". Kljub temu da imajo lonci tipa 6 pogosto nekoliko navznoter nagnjeno ustje, kar oblikuje visoko pomaknjena, rahlo zaobljena ramena, jih še vedno uvrščamo med vrečaste lonce, ki se od loncev tipa 1 razlikujejo po obliki okrasa. Primerjamo jih lahko z lonci tipa 5 po Dularju.269 TIP L 7 Oblika: Lonci z valjastim trupom, pokončnim ali nekoliko navznoter nagnjenim ustjem in vglobljenim okrasom (sl. 39). Razlikujemo med lonci (L 7a), ki imajo pod ustjem okras vodoravnega niza odtisov prsta; lonci z okrasom odtisov šila (L 7b) in lonci z vrezi (L 7c) na zgornjem ali zunanjem robu ustja. Izdelava: Prostoročno, navadno iz drobnozrnate lončarske mase izdelani lonci so najpogosteje redukcijsko žgani. Površina je običajno gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/72. (t. 3: 12; 13: 2; 39: 6; 51: 3) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Lonci tipa 7 najpogosteje izvirajo iz plasti k zidu I (sl. 53). To velja predvsem za lonce tipa 7a in 7b, medtem ko so lonci tipa 7c zastopani tudi v latenskih plasteh. Opombe: Lonci tipa 7 sodijo med vrečaste lonce, ki se od loncev tipa 1 razlikujejo le po okrasu. TIP L 8 Oblika: Lonci z valjastim trupom, pokončnim ali nekoliko navznoter usločenim ustjem s poudarjenim robom (sl. 39). Razlikujemo med ustji z navzven odebeljenim robom (L 8a) in ustji, ki imajo rob z zunanje strani nekoliko stanjšan (L 8b). Lonci tipa 8 so lahko okrašeni z gladkimi ali pa z odtisom prsta razčlenjenimi rebri. Izdelava: Prostoročno, navadno iz drobnozrnate lončarske mase izdelani lonci so bili najpogosteje redukcijsko žgani in so lahko rahlo porozni. Površina je običajno gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/72. (t. 9: 3; 11:4; 20: 7; 24:11; 31: 2; 36: 5, 6; 44:11; 46: 4; 61:1) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Lonci tipa 8 so zastopani tako v plasteh k vsem trem zidovom kot tudi v 269 Dular 1982, 31, t. 7: 56. Manufacture: hand-built; usually of medium-grained fabric; fired in a reducing atmosphere; surface usually smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/72. (Pls. 3: 12; 13:2; 39: 6; 51: 3) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: most numerously found in the layers associated with Wall I (Fig. 53). This is true of the jars of Variants 7a and 7b, while the jars of Variant 7c were also found in the La Tene layers. Notes: jars of Type 7 are bag-shaped jars that differ from those of Type 1 in decoration only. TYPE L 8 Form: jars with a cylindrical body, a vertical or slightly inturned and pronounced rim (Fig. 39). Of these, the jars with an outwardly thickened rim constitute Variant 8a (L 8a) and the jars with the rim thinned from the exterior constitute Variant 8b (L 8b). The jars of Type 8 can be decorated with cordons that are either plain or decorated with finger impressions. Manufacture: hand-built, usually of medium-grained fabric; mostly fired in a reducing atmosphere; sometimes slightly porous, surface usually smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/72. (Pls. 9: 3; 11:4; 20: 7; 24:11; 31: 2; 36: 5, 6; 44:11; 46: 4; 61:1) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in the layers associated with all three Hallstatt walls and in the La Tene layers, most frequently in the layers associated with Wall I, Wall II and those between Walls I and II (Fig. 53). Notes: the jars of Variant 8a include the rim fragment of ID 6913/S05-001 (Pl. 44:11) with an internally thickened rim. Standing apart among the jars of Variant 8b is the rim and body fragment of ID 6704/010-001 (Pl. 36: 5) decorated with at least two cordons, one wavy and the other either vertical or oblique. Both fragments are marked with an asterisk (*). TYPE L 9 Form: jars with a cylindrical body, a slight shoulder, either a vertical (L 9a) or slightly everted (L 9b) rim and only rarely decorated with a cordon with impressions (Fig. 39). Manufacture: hand-built, usually of medium-grained fabric; mostly fired in a reducing atmosphere. A small number are made of a fine-grained fabric usually fired in an oxidising atmosphere. Surface of all is usually smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/72. (Pls. 1: 5; 3: 1, 8; 6:2; 20: 8; 29: 12; 34: 9; 53:2) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in the layers associated with all three Hallstatt walls and in the La Tene layers, most frequently in the layers associated 116 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT latenskih plasteh. Največ jih izvira iz plasti k zidu I do vključno plasti k zidu II (sl. 53). Opombe: K loncem tipa 8a prištevamo tudi fragment ustja ID 6913/S05-001 (t. 44:11) z navznoter odebeljenim robom ustja. Med lonci tipa 8b nekoliko izstopa fragment ustja z ostenjem ID 6704/010-001 (t. 36: 5), ki je bil okrašen vsaj z dvema rebroma; eno je v obliki valovnice, drugo pa navpično oziroma poševno. Zaradi svojih posebnosti sta oba fragmenta označena z *. TIP L 9 Oblika: Lonci z valjastim trupom, ki so proti ustju nekoliko zoženi; ustje nad neizrazitimi rameni je pokončno (L 9a) ali rahlo izvihano navzven (L 9b) (sl. 39). Redko so okrašeni z razčlenjenim rebrom. Izdelava: Prostoročno, navadno iz drobnozrnate lončarske mase izdelani lonci so bili najpogosteje redukcijsko žgani. Redkejši so lonci iz finozrnate lončarske mase, ki pa so bili običajno oksidacijsko žgani. Površina obojih je običajno gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/72. (t. 1: 5; 3: 1, 8; 6: 2; 20: 8; 29: 12; 34: 9; 53:2) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Lonci tipa 9 so zastopani tako v plasteh k vsem halštatskim zidovom kot tudi v latenskih plasteh. Najpogosteje se pojavljajo v plasteh k zidu I in latenskih plasteh, najmanj jih izvira iz plasti k II zidu (sl. 53). TIP L 10 Oblika: Lonci s širokimi rameni, izrazito zožanim vratom in izvihanim ustjem (sl. 39). K loncem tipa 10 prištevamo tudi fragmente masivnih, lahko nekoliko odebeljenih izvihanih ustij, ki so označeni kot lonci tipa 10a (L 10a). Izdelava: Prostoročno, navadno iz drobnozrnate lončarske mase izdelani lonci so najpogosteje redukcijsko žgani in imajo gladko površino. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/74. (t. 65: 3; 71: 11; 72: 4; 76: 9; 90:10; 95:1) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Redki primerki loncev tipa 10a se pojavijo med keramiko iz plasti k zidu II; preostale pa najdemo v mlajših, najpogosteje v latenskih plasteh (sl. 53). Posamezni primerki loncev tipa 10 izvirajo iz latenskih plasti v sondi 5 in plasti na zahodni terasi, medtem ko izvira lonec tipa 10a iz latenske plasti v sondi 6 (sl. 55). TIP L 11 Oblika: Kroglasti lonci s širokimi rameni in kratkim, lijakasto izvihanim ustjem (sl. 39). Lonci, katerih ustje with Wall I and the La Tene layers, and only rarely in the layers associated with Wall II (Fig. 53). TYPE L 10 Form: jars with a wide shoulder, a narrow neck and an everted rim (Fig. 39). Some have a large everted rim that can be thickened, marked as Variant 10a (L 10a). Manufacture: hand-built; usually of medium-grained fabric; mostly fired in a reducing atmosphere; surface is smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/74. (Pls. 65: 3; 71:11; 72: 4; 76: 9; 90:10; 95:1) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: rare jars of Variant 10a were found in the layers associated with Wall II, others were found in later layers, most frequently in the La Tene layers (Fig. 53). Individual jars of Type 10 were found in the La Tene layers in Trench 5 and in the layers on the western terrace, while one jar of Variant 10a was found in the La Tene layer in Trench 6 (Fig. 55). TYPE L 11 Form: globular jars with a wide shoulder and a short funnel-shaped rim (Fig. 39). The jars with a mushroom-shaped thickening on the rim exterior are marked as Variant 11a (L 11a). Manufacture: hand-built; usually of medium-grained fabric; fired in a reducing atmosphere; surface is smooth. The jars of Type 11a were also thrown on the slow wheel. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/74. (Pls. 10: 2, 3; 42:17; 49: 3; 88: 15; 90:11) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in the layers of the Wall III phase, also in the La Tene layers (Fig. 53). The latter layers primarily revealed the jars of Variant Type 11a, which were more precisely found in the layers associated with the first crosswall and in the layer deposited prior to the construction of the wall on the western terrace (Fig. 55). TYPE L 12 Form: jars with a gently curved shoulder, a funnel-shaped rim and a flat lip (Fig. 39). Manufacture: hand-built; usually of medium-grained fabric; fired in a reducing atmosphere; surface usually smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/74. (Pls. 15: 6, 7; 43:15; 44: 7; 64: 2; 94: 4) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in the layers associated with Wall III, but were most numerously 117 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT je z zunanje strani gobasto odebeljeno, so označeni kot lonci tipa 11a (L 11a). Izdelava: Prostoročno, navadno iz drobnozrnate lončarske mase izdelani lonci so bili redukcijsko žgani. Površina je gladka. Lonci tipa 11a so bili oblikovani tudi s pomočjo počasnega lončarskega vretena. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/74. (t. 10: 2, 3; 42: 17; 49: 3; 88: 15; 90:11) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvin Lonci tipa 11 se pojavijo v plasteh stopnje zidu III in so zastopani tudi v laten-skih plasteh (sl. 53). Tu se pojavljajo predvsem lonci tipa 11a, in sicer v plasteh k prečnemu zidu 1 in v plasti pred postavitvijo zidu na zahodni terasi (sl. 55). TIP L 12 Oblika: Lonci z nekoliko napetimi rameni in lijakasto izvihanim ustjem (sl. 39). Rob ustja je ravno odrezan. Izdelava: Prostoročno, navadno iz drobnozrnate lončarske mase izdelani lonci so bili najpogosteje redukcijsko žgani. Površina je običajno gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/74. (t. 15: 6, 7; 43: 15; 44: 7; 64: 2; 94: 4) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Lonci tipa 12 so številčneje zastopani v plasteh k zidu III; najpogosteje pa izvirajo iz latenskih plasti (sl. 53). Poleg posameznih primerkov iz latenske plasti v sondi 6 in plasti k zidu na zahodni terasi so zastopani predvsem v plasteh k prečnima zidovoma (sl. 55). Opombe: Loncem tipa 12 so podobni lonci tipa 11, 14 in 17 (sl. 39: L 11, L 14, L 17). TIP L 13 Oblika: Lonci s stožčastimi, lahko nekoliko napetimi rameni in navzven zapognjenim robom ustja, ki je z zgornje ali notranje strani sploščen ali ravno odrezan (sl. 39). Izdelava: Prostoročno, navadno iz drobnozrnate lončarske mase izdelani lonci so bili najpogosteje redukcijsko žgani. Površina je običajno gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/74. (t. 3: 4; 19:10,14; 34:8; 89:17) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvin Lonci tipa 13 so zastopani v plasteh k vsem trem halštatskim zidovom in laten-skih plasteh. Najpogosteje izvirajo iz plasti k zidu I in pa latenskih plasti (sl. 53). Poleg posameznega primerka iz latenske plasti v sondi 6 so v okviru latenskih plasti zastopani še v plasteh k obema prečnima zidovoma ter v plasti k zidu na zahodni terasi (sl. 55). Opombe: Loncem tipa 13 so podobni lonci tipa 15 in 16 (sl. 39: L 15, L 16). present in the La Tene layers (Fig. 53). Individual examples were found in the La Tene layer in Trench 6, in the layer associated with the wall on the western terrace and more numerously in the layers associated with both crosswalls (Fig. 55). Notes: similar to the jars of Types 11, 14 and 17 (Figs. 39: L 11, L 14, L 17). TYPE L 13 Form: jars with a conical or gently curved shoulder, an everted rim and a lip that is either flattened or cut flat on the interior side (Fig. 39). Manufacture: hand-built; usually of medium-grained fabric; mostly fired in a reducing atmosphere; surface usually smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/74. (Pls. 3: 4; 19:10,14; 34:8; 89:17) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in the layers associated with all three Hallstatt walls and in the La Tene layers. They were most frequent in the layers associated with Wall I and in the La Tene layers (Fig. 53). One example was found in the La Tene layer in Trench 6, others from the La Tene period were found in the layers associated with both crosswalls and the layer associated with the wall on the western terrace (Fig. 55). Notes: similar to the jars of Types 15 and 16 (Fig. 39: L 15, L 16). TYPE L 14 Form: belly-shaped jars with a gently curved shoulder, a pronounced shoulder-rim junction, a short funnel-shaped rim and a rounded lip (Fig. 39). The shoulder may be decorated with a horizontal groove. There are two size variants; those of rim diameter greater than 8.5cm constitute Variant 14a (L 14a) and those of rim diameter equal or smaller than 8.5cm constitute Variant 14b (L 14b). Manufacture: mostly hand-built, rarely thrown on the slow wheel; of medium-grained fabric; mostly fired in a reducing or an oxidising atmosphere; surface is smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/75. (Pls. 8: 2; 12: 13; 17:13; 30: 7; 33: 8; 34:12; 49: 5; 50: 5; 63:2; 64: 9; 65: 5; 73:2; 77: 2; 79: 9; 83: 5, 6; 86: 3, 4; 91: 2; 94: 21; 95:11) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in the layers associated with all three Hallstatt walls and most frequently in the La Tene layers (Fig. 53). Within the latter, they predominantly appeared in the layer associated with the wall on the western terrace and in the layers associated with the first crosswall (Fig. 55). Notes: similar to the jars of Types 11, 12 and 17 (Figs. 39: L 11, L 12, L 17). 118 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Sl. 39: Lonci tipa 7-17. Fig. 39: Jars of Types 74-17. 119 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT TIP L 14 TYPE L 15 Oblika: Trebušasti lonci z nekoliko napetimi rameni in kratkim, lijakasto izvihanim ustjem (sl. 39). Prehod ramen v ustje je poudarjen. Rob ustja je zaobljen. Na ramenih so lahko okrašeni z vodoravnim žlebom. Glede na velikost razlikujemo med dvema variantama. Pri tem so lonci, katerih polmer ustja je večji od 8,5 cm, označeni kot lonci 14a (L 14a), manjši lonci s polmerom ustja enakim ali manjšim od 8,5 cm, pa kot 14b (L 14b). Izdelava: Lonci iz drobnozrnate lončarske mase so bili najpogosteje izdelani prostoročno; redkeje so bili oblikovani na počasnem lončarskem vretenu. Površina običajno redukcijsko ali oksidacijsko žganih loncev je gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/75. (t. 8: 2; 12: 13; 17: 13; 30: 7; 33: 8; 34:12; 49: 5; 50: 5; 63:2; 64: 9; 65: 5; 73:2; 77: 2; 79: 9; 83: 5, 6; 86: 3, 4; 91:2; 94: 21; 95:11) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Lonci tipa 14 so zastopani v plasteh k vsem halštatskim zidovom, najpogosteje pa izvirajo iz latenskih plasti (sl. 53). V okviru latenskih plasti se pojavljajo predvsem v plasti k zidu na zahodni terasi ter v plasteh k prečnemu zidu 1 (sl. 55). Opombe: Loncem tipa 14 so podobni lonci tipa 11, 12 in 17 (sl. 39: L 11, L 12, L 17). TIP L 15 Oblika: Lonci s stožčastimi rameni in kratkim navzven izvihanim ustjem (sl. 39). Rob ustja je bil ravno odrezan. Izdelava: Prostoročno, navadno iz drobnozrnate lončarske mase izdelani lonci so bili najpogosteje redukcijsko žgani. Površina je običajno gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/75. (t. 15: 8; 65:14; 81:1; 94: 6) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Lonci tipa 15 so zastopani v vseh plasteh, vendar pa jih daleč največji delež izhaja iz latenskih plasti (sl. 53). S posameznimi primerki so zastopani v latenski plasti b iz sonde 5, v plasteh k obema prečnima zidovoma in plasti pred postavitvijo zidu na zahodni terasi; najpogosteje pa izvirajo iz plasti k zidu na zahodni terasi (sl. 55). Opombe: Loncem tipa 15 so podobni lonci tipa 13 in 16 (sl. 39: L 13, L 16). TIP L 16 Oblika: Lonci s stožčastimi, lahko nekoliko napetimi, rameni in kratkim pokončnim ustjem (sl. 39). Izdelava: Prostoročno, navadno iz drobnozrnate lončarske mase izdelani lonci so bili redukcijsko ali oksida-cijsko žgani. Rahlo porozni lonci imajo običajno gladko površino. Form: jars with a conical shoulder, a short everted rim and a flat lip (Fig. 39). Manufacture: hand-built; usually of medium-grained fabric; mostly fired in a reducing atmosphere; surface usually smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/75. (Pls. 15: 8; 65:14; 81:1; 94: 6) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers, most frequently in the La Tene layers (Fig. 53). Individual examples were found in the La Tene Layer b in Trench 5, in the layers associated with both cross-walls and the layer deposited prior to the construction of the wall on the western terrace, while they were found in greatest numbers in the layers associated with the wall on the western terrace (Fig. 55). Notes: similar to the jars of Types 13 and 16 (Fig. 39: L13, L 16). TYPE L 16 Form: jars with a conical, sometimes gently curved shoulder and a short vertical rim (Fig. 39). Manufacture: hand-built; usually of medium-grained fabric; fired in a reducing or an oxidising atmosphere; slightly porous, surface usually smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/75. (Pls. 13: 3; 19: 4; 29:13; 35: 8; 49: 2; 90: 3) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in the layers associated with all three Hallstatt walls and in the La Tene layers (Fig. 53). Notes: similar to the jars of Types 13 and 15 (Fig. 39: L 13, L 15). TYPE L 17 Form: belly-shaped jars with a rounded shoulder, a short slightly everted rim, a rounded, in some cases even thinned lip and a rim length not more than twice its thickness (Fig. 39). Of these, the jars of rim diameter greater than 8.5cm constitute Variant 17a (L 17a) and those of rim diameter equal or smaller than 8.5cm constitute Variant 17b (L 17b). Manufacture: mostly hand-built, rarely thrown on the slow wheel; of medium-grained fabric; mostly fired in a reducing atmosphere; surface usually smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/75. (Pls. 8: 14; 14: 3; 15: 9; 17:12; 44: 3; 49: 11; 61: 2; 63:10; 64: 3; 66:12; 68: 5; 70: 4; 77: 7; 87: 6; 93: 4; 94: 5; 95:17) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers, by far the most in the La Tene layers, the least in the layers associated with Wall II. The layers associated with Wall I predominantly revealed the jars of Variant 17a, while the jars of Variant 17b begin to appear in 120 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/75. (t. 13: 3; 19: 4; 29: 13; 35: 8; 49:2; 90: 3) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvin Lonci tipa 16 so zastopani tako v plasteh k vsem trem halštatskim zidovom kot tudi v latenskih plasteh (sl. 53). Opombe: Loncem tipa 16 so podobni lonci tipa 13 in 15 (sl. 39: L 13, L 15). TIP L 17 Oblika: Trebušasti lonci z zaobljenimi rameni in kratkim, rahlo izvihanim ustjem. Dolžina ustja ne presega 2-kratnika njegove debeline (sl. 39). Rob ustja je zaobljen, lahko tudi nekoliko stanjšan. Glede na velikost razlikujemo med dvema variantama. Pri tem so lonci, katerih polmer ustja je večji od 8,5 cm, označeni kot lonci 17a (L 17a), manjši lonci s polmerom ustja enakim ali manjšim od 8,5 cm, pa kot 14b (L 17b). Izdelava: Najpogosteje so bili izdelani prostoročno iz drobnozrnate lončarske mase, redkeje so oblikovani na počasnem lončarskem vretenu. Površina največkrat redukcijsko žganih loncev je običajno gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/75. (t. 8: 14; 14: 3; 15: 9; 17: 12; 44: 3; 49:11; 61: 2; 63:10; 64: 3; 66:12; 68: 5; 70: 4; 77: 7; 87: 6; 93: 4; 94: 5; 95:17) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Lonci tipa 17 so zastopani med keramiko iz vseh plasti, pri čemer jih daleč največ izvira iz latenskih plasti, najmanj pa iz plasti k zidu II. V plasteh k zidu I se pojavljajo predvsem lonci tipa 17a; lonci tipa 17b pa se številčneje pojavijo šele v plasteh k zidu III (sl. 53). V okviru latenskih plasti se lonci tipa 17b pojavljajo predvsem v plasteh k prečnima zidovoma in plasteh na zahodni terasi; pri čemer se njihov delež poveča v plasteh k prečnemu zidu 2 ter v plasti k zidu na zahodni terasi. Iz plasti k zidu na zahodni terasi in iz plasti k prečnemu zidu 2 povečini izvirajo tudi lonci tipa 17a, ki se posamično pojavljajo še v latenskih plasteh iz sonde 5 ter sonde 6 (sl. 55). Opombe: Loncem tipa 17 so podobni lonci tipa 11, 12 in 14 (sl. 39: L 11, L 12, L 14). TIP L 18 Oblika: Lonci z navzven zapognjenim zaobljenim robom ustja (sl. 40). Razlikujemo med lonci s širokimi zaobljenimi rameni, ki so označeni kot lonci 18a (L 18a) ter navadno manjšimi lonci 18b (L 18b), ki imajo neizrazita, lahko stožčasta ramena. Izdelava: Lonci iz drobno- ali finozrnate lončarske mase so bili izdelani prostoročno, lahko so bili dodelani tudi na počasnem lončarskem vretenu. Najpogosteje so bili redukcijsko žgani. Površina je gladka, pri loncih iz finozrnate mase lahko tudi zglajena. greater numbers in the layers associated with Wall III (Fig. 53). Within the La Tene layers, jars of Variant 17b predominantly appear in the layers associated with both crosswalls and the layers on the western terrace, with their numbers increasing in the layers associated with the second crosswall and in the layer associated with the wall on the western terrace. The jars of Variant 17a also predominantly came to light in the layers associated with the wall on the western terrace and those associated with the second crosswall, they also individually appeared in the La Tene layers in Trenches 5 and 6 (Fig. 55). Notes: similar to the jars of Types 11, 12 and 14 (Figs. 39: L 11, L 12, L 14). TYPE L 18 Form: jars with an everted rim and a rounded lip (Fig. 40). Of these, the jars with a wide rounded shoulder constitute Variant 18a (L 18a) and the usually smaller jars with an unpronounced and sometimes conical shoulder constitute Variant 18b (L 18b). Manufacture: hand-built and sometimes finished on the slow wheel; of medium or fine-grained fabric; mostly fired in a reducing atmosphere; surface is smooth, on the jars of fine-grained fabric sometimes burnished. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/76. (Pls. 10:11; 19: 9; 20:12; 22: 3; 23:3; 46:1; 50:1, 6; 55:2; 61:11; 64:10; 65:6; 95:13) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers, more in the layer associated with Wall III and most in the La Tene layers (Fig. 53). Within the La Tene layers, they were mostly numerous in the layers associated with both crosswalls and the layers on the western terrace (Fig. 55). TYPE L 19 Form: jars with a gently curved shoulder, a carinated neck-shoulder junction, a vertical, in some cases slightly everted rim and an often flat lip (Fig. 40). Manufacture: hand-built; of medium-grained fabric; fired in a reducing atmosphere; surface usually smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/76. (Pls. 27: 9; 47:14; 59:15) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: the rare jars of this type were found in the layers between Walls I and II and in the layers associated with Walls II and III (Fig. 53). TYPE L 20 Form: jars with a wide rounded shoulder, a short vertical or slightly everted rim that is slightly thickened on the exterior (Fig. 40). 121 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/76. (t. 10:11; 19: 9; 20:12; 22: 3; 23:3; 46:1; 50:1, 6; 55:2; 61:11; 64:10; 65:6; 95:13) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvin Lonci tipa 18 so zastopani v vseh plasteh. Njihov skupni delež se poveča v plasti k zidu III, daleč največ pa jih izvira iz latenskih plasti (sl. 53). V okviru latenskih plasti se pojavljajo predvsem v plasteh k prečnima zidovoma in plasteh na zahodni terasi (sl. 55). Manufacture: mostly hand-built, often finished on the slow wheel; of medium-grained fabric; mostly fired in a reducing, sometimes an incompletely reducing atmosphere; surface usually smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/76. (Pls. 17:19; 95:12) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: predominantly found in the La Tene layers (Fig. 53) that cannot be determined more precisely in terms of stratigraphy. TIP L 19 Oblika: Lonci z nekoliko napetimi rameni, klekasto odde-ljenim vratom in pokončnim, lahko rahlo navzven usločenim ustjem (sl. 40). Rob ustja je pogosto ravno odrezan. Izdelava: Prostoročno, iz drobnozrnate lončarske mase izdelani lonci so bili redukcijsko žgani. Površina je bila praviloma brisana in je zato gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/76. (t. 27: 9; 47:14; 59:15) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Redki primerki loncev tipa 19 izvirajo iz plasti med zidom I in II ter plasti k zidu II in III (sl. 53). TIP L 20 Oblika: Lonci s širokimi, zaobljenimi rameni, kratkim pokončnim ali rahlo navzven usločenim ustjem (sl. 40). Rob ustja je z zunanje strani nekoliko odebeljen. Izdelava: Lonci so bili navadno izdelani prostoročno iz drobnozrnate lončarske mase. Pogosto so bili dodelani še na počasnem lončarskem vretenu. Najpogosteje so bili redukcijsko, lahko nepopolno, žgani. Površina je običajno gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/76. (t. 17:19; 95:12) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Lonci tipa 20 izvirajo predvsem iz latenskih plasti (sl. 53), ki jih ni možno stratigrafsko podrobneje opredeliti. TIP L 21 Oblika: Tulipanasti lonci z nekoliko zaobljenimi rameni in navzven zapognjenim zaobljenim robom ustja (sl. 40). Izdelava: Lonci iz drobno- ali finozrnate lončarske mase so bili izdelani prostoročno, lahko tudi dodelani na počasnem lončarskem vretenu. Najpogosteje so bili oksidacijsko žgani. Površina je bila praviloma gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/76. (t. 7: 6; 10:1; 49:19; 88:18) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Lonci tipa 21 se številčneje pojavijo v plasteh k zidu II, najpogosteje pa izvirajo iz latenskih plasti (sl. 53). Zastopani so predvsem v plasteh k prečnima zidovoma in latenskih plasteh na zahodni terasi, pri čemer je njihov delež povečan v TYPE L 21 Form: tulip-shaped jars with a slightly rounded shoulder, an everted rim and a rounded lip (Fig. 40). Manufacture: hand-built, sometimes finished on the slow wheel; of medium or fine-grained fabric; mostly fired in an oxidising atmosphere; surface usually smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/76. (Pls. 7: 6; 10:1; 49:19; 88:18) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: appeared in the layers associated with Wall II, but most were found in the La Tene layers (Fig. 53), primarily in the layers associated with both crosswalls and the layers on the western terrace. Of those a particular high number was found in the layer associated with the second crosswall and the layer associated with the wall on the western terrace (Fig. 55). TYPE L 22 Form: jars with a rounded or only gently curved shoulder and a short rim, with the rim height not more than twice its thickness (Fig. 40). Of these, the jars with an everted rim constitute Variant 22a (L 22a) and the jars with a vertical rim constitute Variant 22b (L 22b). Manufacture: most frequently hand-built, sometimes finished on the slow wheel; of medium or fine-grained fabric; mostly fired in a reducing atmosphere; surface usually smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/78. (Pls. 7: 5; 44: 9; 48:4,16; 55:14; 63: 3; 87: 2; 91:1; 95: 2) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: jars of Variant 22b were found in the layers associated with Walls I and II. In the layers associated with Wall II, those of Variant 22a began appearing in greater numbers, but were most numerous in the La Tene layers (Fig. 53). One such jar was found in the La Tene layer in Trench 6 and several were found in the La Tene layers associated with the first crosswall and the layers on the western terrace (Fig. 55). TYPE L 23 Form: jars with a rounded shoulder, a short vertical or slightly everted rim and a flat lip (Fig. 40). 122 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Sl. 40: Lonci tipa 18-28. Fig. 40: Jars of Types 18-28. 123 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT plasti k prečnemu zidu 2 oziroma v plasti k zidu na zahodni terasi (sl. 55). TIP L 22 Oblika: Lonci z zaobljenimi ali le nekoliko napetimi rameni in kratkim ustjem. Višina ustja ne presega 2-kratnika njegove debeline (sl. 40). Razlikujemo med lonci z nekoliko navzven usločenim ustjem, ki so označeni kot lonci tipa 22a (L 22a) in lonci s pokončnim ustjem, ki so označeni kot lonci tipa 22b (L 22b). Izdelava: Lonci iz drobno- ali finozrnate lončarske mase so bili najpogosteje izdelani prostoročno, lahko pa so bili oblikovani tudi na počasnem lončarskem vretenu. Najpogosteje so bili redukcijsko žgani. Površina je običajno gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/78. (t. 7:5; 44: 9; 48:4,16; 55:14; 63: 3; 87: 2; 91:1; 95:2) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Lonci tipa 22b so zastopani v plasteh k zidu I in II. V plasteh k zidu II so številčneje zastopani tudi lonci tipa 22a, ki sicer najpogosteje izvirajo iz latenskih plasti (sl. 53). Poleg posameznega primerka iz latenske plasti v sondi 6 so lonci tipa 22a v okviru latenskih plasti zastopani še v plasti k prečnemu zidu 1 in plasteh na zahodni terasi (sl. 55). TIP L 23 Oblika: Lonci z zaobljenimi rameni in kratkim pokončnim ali rahlo navzven nagnjenim ustjem. Rob ustja je ravno odrezan (sl. 40). Izdelava: Prostoročno, iz drobnozrnate lončarske mase izdelani lonci so bili redukcijsko žgani. Površina je bila praviloma brisana in je zato gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/78. (t. 40: 1; 64: 1; 82: 10; 90: 1; 93:14) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvin Lonci tipa 23 so zastopani v vseh plasteh, najpogostejši pa so v latenskih (sl. 53). V okviru latenskih plasti so s posameznimi primerki zastopani v plasteh k prečnima zidovoma; največji delež pa jih izvira iz plasti k zidu na zahodni terasi (sl. 55). TIP L 24 Oblika: Lonci s trebušastim ali bikoničnim trupom, ki je proti ustju izrazito zožen (sl. 40). Nekoliko napeta ramena se zaključujejo z ravno odrezanim robom ustja. Izdelava: Prostoročno, iz drobno- ali finozrnate lončarske mase izdelani lonci so bili najpogosteje redukcij- Manufacture: hand-built; of medium-grained fabric; fired in a reducing atmosphere; surface usually smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/78. (Pls. 40:1; 64:1; 82:10; 90: 1; 93:14) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers, most numerously in the La Tene layers (Fig. 53). Individual examples were unearthed in the layers associated with both crosswalls, while most were found in the layers associated with the wall on the western terrace (Fig. 55). TYPE L 24 Form: jars with a belly-shaped or biconical body that narrows considerably towards the rim, a slightly curved shoulder and a flat lip (Fig. 40). Manufacture: hand-built; of fine- or medium-grained fabric; mostly fired in a reducing atmosphere; surface is usually smooth, in some examples burnished. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/78. (Pls. 15: 5; 34:1; 67: 2) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: mostly found in the layers associated with Wall I and the layers between Walls I and II (Fig. 53). TYPE L 25 Form: jars with a funnel-shaped rim (Fig. 40). The jars with the rim length more than twice its thickness constitute Variant 25a (L 25a). Manufacture: mostly hand-built, some also thrown on the slow wheel; of fine- or medium-grained fabric; mostly fired in a reducing atmosphere; surface is smooth, in some cases completely burnished. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/78. (Pls. 11: 3; 16:1; 20:11; 27: 8; 39: 7; 43: 1, 12; 51:13, 14; 52: 8; 53: 4; 55:1; 56:16; 58:16; 62: 9; 85: 6) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in roughly equal shares in all layers (Fig. 53). TYPE L 26 Form: jars with a funnel-shaped rim and a carination placed either high on the shoulder or at the shoulder-rim junction (Fig. 40). Manufacture: mostly hand-built; of medium-grained fabric; fired in a reducing atmosphere, surface usually smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/78. (Pls. 15:11; 19: 7, 11; 29: 5) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers. More were found in the layers between Walls I and II, most in the La Tene layers (Fig. 53). 124 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI sko žgani. Površina je običajno gladka, lahko tudi zglajena. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/78. (t. 15: 5; 34:1; 67:2) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvin Lonci tipa 24 so zastopani predvsem v plasti k zidu I in plasti med zidoma I in II (sl. 53). TIP L 25 Oblika: Lonci z lijakasto izvihanim ustjem (sl. 40). Med njimi kot lonce tipa 25a (L 25a) posebej obravnavamo fragmente izvihanih ustij loncev, pri čemer je dolžina ustja večja od 2-kratnika njegove debeline. Izdelava: Lonci iz drobno- ali finozrnate lončarske mase so bili najpogosteje izdelani prostoročno, lahko pa so bili oblikovani tudi na počasnem lončarskem vrete-nu. Najpogosteje so bili redukcijsko žgani. Površina je gladka, lahko povsem zglajena. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/78. (t. 11: 3; 16: 1; 20: 11; 27: 8; 39: 7; 43:1, 12; 51:13, 14; 52: 8; 53: 4; 55: 1; 56:16; 58:16; 62: 9; 85: 6) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Lonci tipa 25 so razmeroma enakomerno zastopani v vseh plasteh (sl. 53). TIP L 26 Oblika: Lonci z lijakasto izvihanim ustjem. Visoko na ramenih ali na samem prehodu v ustje je klek (sl. 40). Izdelava: Lonci so bili najpogosteje prostoročno izdelani iz drobnozrnate lončarske mase in redukcijsko žgani. Površina je običajno gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/78. (t. 15:11; 19: 7, 11; 29: 5) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvin Lonci tipa 26 so zastopani v vseh plasteh. Njihov delež se poveča v plasti med zidom I in II, največ pa jih izvira iz latenskih plasti (sl. 53). TIP L 27 Oblika: Lonci z visokim lijakasto izvihanim ustjem. Prehod ramen v ustje je tekoč (sl. 40). Izdelava: Lonci, najpogosteje oblikovani na počasnem lončarskem vretenu, so bili izdelani iz finozrnate lončarske mase in redukcijsko žgani. Površina je gladka, pogosto povsem zglajena. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/80. (t. 3: 5; 48:20) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvin Lonci tipa 27 so zastopani v vseh plasteh. Najpogosteje izvirajo iz plasti k zidu I in II (sl. 53). Opombe: Ustja opredeljena kot lonci tipa 27 lahko pripadajo tudi bučam (sl. 43: B).270 270 Prim. Dular 1982, 39 ss, t. 10. 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT TYPE L 27 Form: jars with a high funnel-shaped rim and a smooth shoulder-rim junction (Fig. 40). Manufacture: mostly thrown on the slow wheel; of finegrained fabric; fired in a reducing atmosphere; surface is smooth, in numerous examples completely burnished. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/80. (Pls. 3: 5; 48: 20) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers, most numerously in the layers associated with Wall I and with Wall II (Fig. 53). Notes: rims determined as belonging to the jars of Type 27 may also have belonged to globular jars (Fig. 43: B).270 TYPE L 28 Form: jars with a high, slightly everted and externally thickened rim and a smooth shoulder-rim junction (Fig. 40). Manufacture: mostly hand-built; of fine- or medium-grained fabric; fired in a reducing atmosphere; surface is smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/80. (Pls. 21:2; 42: 9) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: jars of this type are rare, mostly found in the layers associated with Wall I and with Wall III (Fig. 53). TYPE L 29 Form: belly-shaped jars with an everted rim and a shoulder decorated with horizontal grooves combined with a series of either tool or finger impressions, rarely with horizontal incisions or a cordon modelled out of the wall (Fig. 41). Manufacture: most frequently hand-built, some also thrown on the slow wheel; of medium-grained fabric; usually fired in a reducing atmosphere, some with oxidation in the final phase; surface is smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/80. (Pls. 10: 7, 8; 15:1, 2, 10; 27: 7; 48:13, 18; 62: 2; 63: 6; 72: 9) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: appeared in the latest layers associated with Wall I and the layers between Walls I and II, but most numerously in the layers associated with Wall III (Fig. 53). Notes: because of the horizontal incisions and a series of tool impressions, the wall fragment of ID 7117/013007 (Pl. 10:7) is also treated as belonging to a jar of Type 29, but is marked with an asterisk (*) as it was fired in an oxidising atmosphere with final smoking and made of a coarse-grained fabric. Similar to the jars of Type 32 (Fig. 41: L 32). 270 Cf. Dular 1982, 181 ff, Pl. 10. 125 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT TIP L 28 Oblika: Lonci z visokim nekoliko izvihanim ustjem, ki ima navzven odebeljen rob (sl. 40). Prehod ramen v ustje je tekoč. Izdelava: Lonci so bili najpogosteje prostoročno izdelani iz drobno- ali finozrnate lončarske mase in redukcijsko žgani. Površina je gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/80. (t. 21:2; 42: 9) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Redki lonci tipa 28 izvirajo predvsem iz plasti k zidu I in III (sl. 53). TIP L 29 Oblika: Trebušasti lonci z izvihanim ustjem, ki imajo na ramenih okras vodoravnih žlebov v kombinaciji z nizom odtisov šila ali prsta (sl. 41). Redkeje se pojavljajo vodoravni vrezi in modelirano rebro. Izdelava: Lonci iz drobnozrnate lončarske mase so bili najpogosteje izdelani prostoročno, lahko pa so bili oblikovani tudi na počasnem lončarskem vretenu. Običajno so bili redukcijsko žgani, lahko z oksidacijo v zaključni fazi. Površina je gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/80. (t. 10: 7, 8; 15:1, 2, 10; 27: 7; 48:13, 18; 62: 2; 63: 6; 72: 9) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvin Lonci tipa 29 se pojavijo v najmlajših plasteh k zidu I oziroma v plasteh med zidoma I in II. Največ jih izvira iz plasti k zidu III (sl. 53). Opombe: Glede na okras vodoravnih vrezov in niza odtisov šila med njimi prištevamo k loncem tipa 29 tudi fragment ostenja ID 7117/013-007 (t. 10: 7). Ker gre za odlomek oksidacijsko žgane ter nato dimljene posode iz grobozrnate lončarske mase, ki se po fakturi razlikuje od preostalih loncev tega tipa, je fragment označen z *. Loncem tipa 29 so podobni lonci tipa 32 (sl. 41: L 32). TIP L 30 Oblika: Lonci z izvihanim ustjem, ki je na zunanjem robu okrašeno z vrezi ali odtisi (sl. 41). Izdelava: Prostoročno, iz drobnozrnate lončarske mase izdelani lonci so bili po večini oksidacijsko žgani. Površina je gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/80. (t. 3: 11; 45:11; 75:2) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Redki lonci tipa 30 izvirajo predvsem iz plasti k zidu I (sl. 53). TIP L 31 Oblika: Lonci z valjastim ali bolj trebušastim trupom, ki je proti ustju zožen. Rob ustja je navadno ravno TYPE L 30 Form: jars with an everted rim and either incisions or impressions on the rim exterior (Fig. 41). Manufacture: hand-built; of medium-grained fabric; mostly fired in an oxidising atmosphere; surface is smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/80. (Pls. 3: 11; 45:11; 75:2) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: jars of this type are rare and were mostly found in the layers associated with Wall I (Fig. 53). TYPEL31 Form: jars with a cylindrical or a roughly belly-shaped body that narrows towards the rim, a predominantly flat lip, decorated with a horizontal groove below the rim, some examples also bear horizontal grooves on the shoulder (Fig. 41). Manufacture: hand-built, some also thrown on the slow wheel; of fine-grained, rarely of medium-grained fabric; fired in a reducing or an oxidising atmosphere; surface is smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/80. (Pls. 33:1; 57: 4; 59: 5) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: individual examples found in the layers associated with Walls I and II, more numerously in the La Tene layers (Fig. 53), more precisely in the La Tene layer in Trench 6 and the layer associated with the second crosswall (Fig. 55). Notes: similar in shape to the La Tene goblets, but hand-built. They include the fragment of ID 6806/010-001 (Pl. 57: 4), which has a cylindrical body and a rounded lip, and is therefore marked with an asterisk (*). TYPE L 32 Form: jars with an everted rim and a rounded shoulder decorated with horizontal grooves (Fig. 41). Manufacture: mostly hand-built, sometimes thrown on the slow wheel; of fine- or medium-grained fabric; fired in a reducing or an oxidising atmosphere; surface is smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/82. (Pls. 10: 4; 49:13; 63: 9; 82: 8) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: most numerously found in the layers associated with Wall II (Fig. 53). Notes: similar to those of Type 29 (Fig. 41: L 29). TYPE L 33 Form: jars with a more or less curved shoulder decorated with shallow grooves, an unpronounced slightly everted rim and a rounded lip (Fig. 41). 126 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Sl. 41: Lonci tipa 29-36. Fig. 41: Jars of Types 29-36. 127 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT odrezan, pod njim pa je vodoraven žleb (sl. 41). Z vodoravnimi žlebovi so lahko okrašena tudi ramena. Izdelava: Prostoročno izdelani lonci iz finozrnate, redkeje iz drobnozrnate, lončarske mase so bili lahko oblikovani tudi na počasnem lončarskem vretenu. Bili so redukcijsko ali oksidacijsko žgani. Površina je gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/80. (t. 33:1; 57: 4; 59: 5) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Poleg posameznih primerkov loncev tipa 31 iz plasti k zidu I in II so ti zastopani predvsem v latenskih plasteh (sl. 53). V okviru latenskih plasti so zastopani le v plasti iz sonde 6 in plasti k prečnemu zidu 2 (sl. 55). Opombe: Lonci tipa 31 so latenskim pokalom podobno, prostoročno izdelano posodje. K loncem tipa 31 prištevamo tudi fragment ID 6806/010-001 (t. 57: 4). Ker gre za fragment lonca z valjastim trupom in zaobljenim robom ustja, je označen z *. TIP L 32 Oblika: Lonci z izvihanim ustjem nad zaobljenimi rameni, ki so okrašeni z vodoravnimi žlebovi (sl. 41). Izdelava: Lonci iz drobno- ali finozrnate lončarske mase so bili najpogosteje izdelani prostoročno, lahko pa so bili oblikovani tudi na počasnem lončarskem vretenu. Bili so redukcijsko ali oksidacijsko žgani. Površina je gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/82. (t. 10: 4; 49:13; 63: 9; 82: 8) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Lonci tipa 32 se številčneje pojavijo v plasteh k zidu II (sl. 53). Opombe: Loncem tipa 32 so podobni lonci tipa 29 (sl. 41: L 29). TIP L 33 Oblika: Lonci z nekoliko napetimi ali zaobljenimi rameni, ki so nažlebljena (sl. 41). Neizrazito ustje ima zaobljen rob in je nekoliko usločeno navzven. Izdelava: Lonci iz drobno- ali finozrnate lončarske mase so bili izdelani prostoročno ali pa so bili oblikovani na počasnem lončarskem vretenu. Najpogosteje so bili redukcijsko žgani. Površina je gladka, lahko povsem zglajena. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/82. (t. 13: 4; 15: 4; 29: 3; 78:2, 3) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvin Lonci tipa 33 so zastopani v vseh plasteh. Največ jih izvira iz plasti k zidu II (sl. 53). Opombe: Fragmenti ustij, ki so opredeljeni kot lonci tipa 33, lahko pripadajo tudi bučam ali kelihom.271 271 Prim. Gabrovec et al. 2006, t. 90: 155/1; 106: 1963/12; 195: 3/2. Manufacture: hand-built or thrown on the slow wheel; of fine- or medium-grained fabric; mostly fired in a reducing atmosphere; surface is smooth, sometimes completely burnished. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/82. (Pls. 13:4; 15:4; 29: 3; 78:2, 3) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers, most numerously in those associated with Wall II (Fig. 53). Notes: rim fragments determined as belonging to the jars of Type 33 may also have been either globular jars or goblets.271 TYPE L 34 Form: jars with combed (L 34a) or brushed (L 34b) decoration, most often belly-shaped with an everted rim (Fig. 41). Manufacture: hand-built; mostly of medium-grained fabric; mostly fired in a reducing atmosphere; often porous, surface usually smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/82. (Pls. 11: 5, 8; 18: 7; 25: 4; 34: 16; 57:16; 70: 3; 73:17; 74: 5; 79: 7; 80:10; 86: 6, 9; 87: 9, 10, 21; 88: 5, 6, 9; 89: 2; 90: 6, 7; 91: 6, 8; 92: 2, 3; 93: 7, 8, 15; 94: 7, 8, 10, 16-18, 20; 95:14, 15) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: appeared in the layers associated with Wall III (sl. 53), but were by far most numerously found in the layers on the western terrace and those associated with both crosswalls (Fig. 55). Notes: the rim fragment of ID 6911/009-004 (Pl. 94:20) does not bear decoration, but is determined as that of a jar with combed decoration based on it being closely comparable with the jar of ID 6911/007-004 (Pl. 95:15). With the decoration not surviving, it is marked with an asterisk (*) (Type L 34a*). Brushing can also appear in vessel interior; such jars are marked with a double asterisk (**) (Type L 34b).272 TYPEL35 Form: jars with combed (L 35a) or brushed (L 35b) decoration (Fig. 41). Most jars of this type are belly-shaped with a short everted rim. Distinguishable from other jars with combed decoration are the beaker-shaped jars with a short and predominantly undecorated shoulder and a high rim that is either triangularly or conically thickened (L 35c), but also the somewhat more belly-shaped jars with combed decoration forming a reticular design, a rounded shoulder and an everted globularly thickened rim (L 35d). 271 Cf. Gabrovec et al. 2006, Pls. 90: 155/1; 106: 1963/12; 195: 3/2. 272 Grahek 2013, 2/225 ff = 485 ff. 128 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT TIP L 34 Oblika: Lonci z glavničenim (L 34a) ali metličenim (L 34b) okrasom (sl. 41). Najpogostejši so trebušasti lonci z izvihanim ustjem. Izdelava: Prostoročno, najobičajneje iz drobnozrnate lončarske mase izdelani lonci so bili najpogosteje redukcijsko žgani. Pogosto so porozni. Površina je bila praviloma brisana in je zato gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/82. (t. 11: 5, 8; 18:7; 25:4; 34:16; 57:16; 70: 3; 73:17; 74:5; 79: 7; 80:10; 86: 6, 9; 87:9, 10, 21; 88: 5, 6, 9; 89:2; 90: 6, 7; 91: 6, 8; 92:2, 3; 93: 7, 8, 15; 94: 7, 8, 10, 16-18, 20; 95:14, 15) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvin Lonci tipa 34 se pojavijo v plasteh stopnje zidu III; daleč največ pa jih izhaja iz latenskih plasti (sl. 53), kjer so zastopani predvsem v plasteh na zahodni terasi in plasteh k prečnima zidovoma (sl. 55). Opombe: Glede na dobre primerjave z loncem ID 6911/007-004 (t. 95:15) je k loncem z glavničenim okrasom uvrščen fragment ustja ID 6911/009-004 (t. 94:20). Ker ta nima (več) ohranjenega okrasa, je označen z * (tip L 34a*). Metličenje se redko pojavlja tudi na notranji strani, kar je posebej označeno z ** (tip L 34b**).272 TIP L 35 Oblika: Lonci z glavničenim (L 35a) ali metličenim (L 35b) okrasom (sl. 41). Najobičajnejši so trebušasti lonci z izvihanim, kratkim, navzven zapognjenim ustjem. V okviru loncev z glavničenim okrasom razlikujemo še dve varianti loncev. Lonci tipa 35c (L 35c) so čašaste oblike, s kratkimi, navadno neokrašenimi rameni in navzven polkrožno ali konično odebeljenim visokim robom ustja. Nekoliko bolj trebušaste oblike so lonci tipa 35d (L 35d), ki jih zaznamuje mrežast motiv glavničenega okrasa in imajo zaobljena ramena ter nad njimi izvihano, kroglasto odebeljeno ustje. Izdelava: Na lončarskem vretenu dodelani lonci iz drobnozrnate, redkeje finozrnate lončarske mase so bili najpogosteje redukcijsko žgani. Predvsem lonci tipa 35c so pogosto porozni. Površina je bila pred izdelavo okrasa praviloma gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/82 - 84. (t. 10: 16; 25: 5, 16; 49: 15; 57:17; 60:21; 66:11; 70:1, 2, 11; 71: 3; 72: 3; 74: 18; 76: 12; 80: 1; 86: 7; 87: 11; 88: 8; 89: 5; 91: 3, 7; 93: 6, 19, 20, 25; 95: 24) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Lonci tipa 35 izhajajo predvsem iz latenskih plasti, a so bili najdeni tudi že v plasteh stopnje zidu III. Najpogosteje so zastopani v latenskih plasteh na zahodni terasi in plasteh k prečnima zidovoma, pri čemer jih daleč največ izvira iz plasti k zidu na zahodni terasi (sl. 55). 272 Grahek 2013, 2/225 ss = 485 ss. Manufacture: hand-built and finished on the (fast) wheel; of medium- and some also of fine-grained fabric; mostly fired in a reducing atmosphere; some examples porous, particularly those of Variant 35c, surface usually smooth prior to decoration. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/82 - 84. (Pls. 10:16; 25: 5, 16; 49: 15; 57:17; 60:21; 66:11; 70:1, 2, 11; 71: 3; 72: 3; 74: 18; 76: 12; 80: 1; 86: 7; 87: 11; 88: 8; 89: 5; 91: 3, 7; 93: 6, 19, 20, 25; 95:24) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: mostly found in the La Tene layers, some already in the layers associated with Wall III. They were especially numerous in the La Tene layers on the western terrace, particularly in the layers associated with the wall on the western terrace, and in the layers associated with both crosswalls (Fig. 55). Notes: two jars of Variant 35c are marked with an asterisk (*) because they have a mushroom-shaped thickening on the rim exterior; in shape, they correspond with the jars of Variant 41b. Other jars of Variant 35c correspond in shape with the jars of Types 37 and 38 (cf. Fig. 42). TYPE L 36 Form: graphite ware belly-shaped jars with combed decoration (Fig. 41). The jars with a globular or mushroom-shaped thickening on the rim exterior are determined as Variant 36a (L 36a). It is presumed that all graphite ware jars bore combed decoration, even those where no decoration survives, hence all fragments with a globular or mushroom-shaped thickening on the rim are marked as Variant 36a* (L 36a*), while the jars with a reticular combed decoration constitute Variant 36b (L 36b). Manufacture: hand-built and finished on the fast wheel; of medium-, rarely fine-grained fabric; fired in a reducing atmosphere; surface in most cases smooth prior to decoration. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/84. (Pls. 11: 7, 10; 17: 5; 18:1; 24: 18; 38:4; 43:17, 18; 49: 8; 58: 9; 60:20; 62: 7; 66:10; 72: 13, 14; 74: 13; 80: 17; 85: 11, 12; 86: 1, 12; 87: 17, 20; 89:1) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: appeared in the layers associated with Wall III and later in all the La Tene layers with the exception of Layer a in Trench 5 and in the layer deposited prior to the construction of the wall on the western terrace. They were found in greatest numbers in the layers associated with the first crosswall (Fig. 55). Notes: most jars of Type 36 and Variant 36a correspond in the shape of the rim with the jars of Type 42 (cf. Fig. 42), some with those of Variant Type 41b (cf. Pls. 86: 12; 18:1 and Fig. 42). Standing apart from other jars of Type 36a* is the rim fragment of ID 7219/016-002 129 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Opombe: Z * označena lonca tipa 35c imata z zunanje strani gobasto odebeljeno ustje in ne oziraje se na okras ustrezata loncem tipa 41b. Preostali lonci tipa 35c po obliki ustja ustrezajo loncem tipa 37 in 38 (prim. sl. 42). (Pl. 86:1), which is marked with a double asterisk (**) and is formally comparable with the jars of Type 40 (cf. Fig. 42). The jars made of a fabric with a small amount of added graphite (hence written in brackets)273 are marked with an inverted triangle ('). TIP L 36 Oblika: Grafitni lonci trebušaste oblike z glavničenim okrasom (sl. 41). Kot lonci tipa 36a (L 36a) so označeni lonci z navzven kroglasto ali gobasto odebeljenim ustjem. Ker so bili z glavničenjem najverjetneje okrašeni vsi grafitni lonci, so, čeprav nimajo ohranjenega okrasa, kot lonci tipa 36a* (L 36a*) označeni vsi fragmenti kroglasto ali gobasto odebeljenih ustij, kot lonec tipa 36b (L 36b) pa primerek z mrežasto glavničenim okrasom. Izdelava: Na lončarskem vretenu dodelani lonci iz drob-nozrnate, redkeje finozrnate, lončarske mase so bili redukcijsko žgani. Površina je bila pred izdelavo okrasa praviloma gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/84. (t. 11: 7, 10; 17: 5; 18:1; 24: 18; 38: 4; 43:17, 18; 49: 8; 58: 9; 60:20; 62: 7; 66:10; 72: 13, 14; 74: 13; 80: 17; 85: 11, 12; 86: 1, 12; 87: 17, 20; 89:1) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Lonce tipa 36 zasledimo že v plasteh stopnje zidu III in so zastopani v vseh latenskih plasteh razen v plasti a sonde 5 ter v plasteh pred zidom na zahodni terasi. Največ jih izhaja iz plasti k prečnemu zidu 1 (sl. 55). Opombe: Lonci tipa 36 in 36a ustrezajo po obliki ustja večinoma loncem tipa 42 (prim. sl. 42), redkej e loncem tipa 41b (prim. t. 86:12; 18:1 in sl. 42). Med lonci tipa 36a* izstopa fragment ustja ID 7219/016-002 (t. 86: 1), ki je označen z ** in ga po obliki lahko primerjamo z lonci tipa 40 (prim. sl. 42). Lonci, pri katerih je bil grafit le v manjši meri primešan lončarski masi in je zato zapisan v oklepaju,273 so označeni s '. TIP L 37 Oblika: Lonci s konično ali polkrožno navzven odebeljenim visokim robom ustja (sl. 42). Razlikujemo med lonci tipa 37a (L 37a), ki so proti ustju zoženi s kratkimi, rahlo napetimi rameni in lonci tipa 37b (L 37b) z rahlo usločenimi rameni. Izdelava: Na lončarskem vretenu dodelani, pogosto porozni lonci iz drobnozrnate lončarske mase so bili običajno redukcijsko žgani. Površina je praviloma gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/84. (t. 29: 6; 58: 18; 72: 8; 75: 3; 76: 3; 79:1, 2; 88:16, 19; 90: 9; 91: 4, 9, 10; 93:1, 18; 94:1-3; 95:16, 23) 273 Grahek 2013, 2/190 ss = 450 ss. TYPE L37 Form: jars with a high rim with a triangular or semicircular external thickening (Fig. 42). Of these, the jars with a short and curved shoulder that narrows the rim constitute Variant 37a (L 37a) and the jars with an only slightly curved shoulder constitute Variant 37b (L 37b). Manufacture: hand-built and finished on the wheel; of medium-grained fabric; mostly fired in a reducing atmosphere; frequently porous, surface usually smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/84. (Pls. 29: 6; 58:18; 72: 8; 75: 3; 76: 3; 79:1, 2; 88:16, 19; 90: 9; 91: 4, 9, 10; 93:1,18; 94:1-3; 95:16, 23) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in the layers associated with Wall III and in all the La Tene layers, with the exception of the La Tene layer in Trench 6. They appeared in greatest numbers in the layer associated with the first crosswall and the layers on the western terrace, particularly numerous in the layers associated with the wall there (Fig. 55). Notes: formally comparable with most of the jars of Variant 35c with combed decoration (Fig. 41: L 35c). TYPE L 38 Form: jars with a semicircular thickening on the exterior of the high rim that is slightly concave on the interior side (Fig. 42). Manufacture: same as for the jars of Type 37. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/86. (Pls. 11:1; 66: 9; 72: 7; 74:15; 80: 2; 88:11; 89: 4, 9) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in the La Tene layers; some were found in Layer b in Trench 5 and the layer associated with the wall on the western terrace and more in the layers associated with both crosswalls (Fig. 55). Notes: formally similar to some of the jars of Variant 35c with combed decoration (Fig. 41: L 35c). TYPE L 39 Form: jars with a semicircular thickening on the exterior of the high rim and a sharp junction with the wall 273 Grahek 2013, 2/190 ff = 450 ff. 130 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Lonce tipa 37 zasledimo že v plasteh stopnje zidu III in so zastopani v vseh latenskih plasteh, razen v latenski plasti iz sonde 6. Pojavljajo se predvsem v plasti k prečnemu zidu 1 in v plasteh na zahodni terasi, kjer jih večji delež izhaja iz plasti k tamkajšnjemu zidu (sl. 55). Opombe: Loncem tipa 37 oblikovno ustreza večina z glav-ničenjem okrašenih loncev tipa 35c (sl. 41: L 35c). 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT (Fig. 42). The jars with a conical and slightly curved shoulder constitute Variant 39a (L 39a). Manufacture: same as for the jars of Type 37. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/86. (Pls. 66: 8; 86: 2; 89: 6, 14; 90: 8; 95: 8) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in the La Tene layers, more precisely in the layers on the western terrace and those associated with both crosswalls (Fig. 55). TIP L 38 Oblika: Lonci z navzven polkrožno odebeljenim visokim robom ustja, ki je z notranje strani nekoliko usločen (sl. 42). Izdelava: Kot lonci tipa 37. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/86. (t. 11: 1; 66: 9; 72: 7; 74: 15; 80:2; 88:11; 89: 4, 9) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvin Lonci tipa 38 se pojavijo v latenskih plasteh. Zastopani so v plasti b iz sonde 5 in plasti k zidu na zahodni terasi; večji delež pa jih izhaja iz plasti k prečnima zidovoma (sl. 55). Opombe: Loncem tipa 38 oblikovno ustrezajo posamezni primerki z glavničenjem okrašenih loncev tipa 35c (sl. 41: L 35c). TYPE L 40 Form: jars with a high inturned rim with a semicircular thickening on the exterior (Fig. 42). The jars with a pronouncedly inturned rim are marked as Variant 40a (L 40a). Manufacture: same as for the jars of Type 37. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/86. (Pls. 25: 7; 58:12; 80: 3; 89: 8) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in the La Tene layers, more precisely in the layer in Trench 6, the layer associated with the wall on the western terrace and in the layers associated with both crosswalls (Fig. 55). TYPE L 41 TIP L 39 Oblika: Lonci z navzven polkrožno odebeljenim visokim robom ustja in izrazitim, odsekanim prehodom v steno (sl. 42). Lonci s stožčastimi, lahko nekoliko napetimi rameni in izrazitim, odsekanim prehodom v navzven polkrožno odebeljen rob ustja so označeni kot lonci tipa 39a (L 39a). Izdelava: Kot lonci tipa 37. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/86. (t. 66: 8; 86: 2; 89: 6, 14; 90: 8; 95: 8) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvin Lonci tipa 39 se pojavijo v latenskih plasteh. Zastopani so v plasteh na zahodni terasi in plasteh k prečnima zidovoma (sl. 55). TIP L 40 Form: jars with a short neck, a carinated neck-body junction and an externally thickened rim (Fig. 42). The jars of Variant 41a (L 41a) have a high inturned rim with a semicircular external thickening, the jars of Variant 41b (L 41b) have a mushroom-shaped external thickening on the inturned rim. Manufacture: same as for the jars of Type 37. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/86. (Pls. 34: 11; 60: 2; 75: 1; 80: 15; 89:15) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in the La Tene layers, more precisely in Layer b in Trench 5, the layer associated with the wall on the western terrace and the layers associated with both crosswalls (Fig. 55). Notes: formally comparable with some of the jars with combed decoration, particularly of Variant 35c* (cf. Fig. 41). Oblika: Lonci z navzven polkrožno odebeljenim visokim robom ustja, ki je nagnjeno navznoter (sl. 42). Kot lonci tipa 40a (L 40a) so označeni lonci z izrazito navznoter zvrnjenim robom ustja. Izdelava: Kot lonci tipa 37. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/86. (t. 25: 7; 58:12; 80: 3; 89: 8) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvin Lonci tipa 40 se pojavijo v latenskih plasteh. Zastopani so v plasti iz sonde 6, plasti k zidu na zahodni terasi in plasteh k prečnima zidovoma (sl. 55). TYPE L 42 Form: jars with a mushroom-shaped or semicircular thickening on the rim exterior and horizontal (shallow) grooves below the rim (Fig. 42). The rare examples with a rounded shoulder and an outwardly folded rim, that may even be folded onto the wall and then smoothed, are marked as Variant 42a (L 42a). Manufacture: same as for the jars of Type 37. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/86. (Pls. 25: 6; 49:14; 50:14; 85:1; 88: 2, 12; 93:22) 131 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT TIP L 41 Oblika: Lonci s kratkim, od trupa klekasto oddeljenim vratom in navzven odebeljenim ustjem (sl. 42). Razlikujemo med lonci tipa 41a (L 41a), s polkrožno odebeljenim, visokim robom ustja, ki je nagnjen navznoter in lonci tipa 41b (L 41b) z gobasto ode-beljenim robom ustja. Izdelava: Kot lonci tipa 37. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/86. (t. 34:11; 60:2; 75:1; 80:15; 89:15) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvin Lonci tipa 41 se pojavijo v latenskih plasteh. Zastopani so v plasti b iz sonde 5, plasti k zidu na zahodni terasi in plasti k prečnima zidovoma (sl. 55). Opombe: Loncem tipa 41 oblikovno ustrezajo posamezni primerki z glavničenjem okrašenih loncev, zlasti tipa 35c* (prim. sl. 41). TIP L 42 Oblika: Lonci z navzven gobasto ali polkrožno odebelje-nim robom ustja. Pod robom ustja so lahko okrašeni z vodoravnimi žlebovi ali kanelurami (sl. 42). Redki primerki loncev, ki imajo zaobljena ramena in nazaj zapognjeno, lahko na steno vratu zalepljeno in za-glajeno ustje, so označeni kot lonci tipa 42a (L 42a). Izdelava: Kot lonci tipa 37. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/86. (t. 25: 6; 49:14; 50:14; 85:1; 88:2, 12; 93:22) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Lonci tipa 42 se pojavijo v latenskih plasteh. Zastopani so v plasti k zidu na zahodni terasi, še večji delež pa jih izhaja iz plasti k prečnemu zidu 1 (sl. 55). TIP L 43 Oblika: Trebušasti lonci z izvihanim ustjem (sl. 42). Izdelava: Kot lonci tipa 37. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/86. (t. 75:10; 95:20) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvin Lonci tipa 43 se pojavijo v latenskih plasteh. Zastopani so v plasteh k prečnima zidovoma, še večji delež pa jih izhaja iz plasti k zidu na zahodni terasi (sl. 55). TIP L 44 Oblika: Lonci z zaobljenim robom ustja, ki je usločeno navznoter. Pod robom ustja je vodoravno vglobljen žleb, ki ločuje ustje od rahlo napetih ramen (sl. 42). Izdelava: Kot lonci tipa 37. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/87. (t. 91: 5; 93:17) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in the La Tene layers, more precisely in the layer associated with the wall on the western terrace and even more in the layers associated with the first crosswall (Fig. 55). TYPE L 43 Form: belly-shaped jars with an everted rim (Fig. 42). Manufacture: same as for the jars of Type 37. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/86. (Pls. 75:10; 95:20) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in the La Tene layers, more precisely in the layers associated with both crosswalls, even more in the layers associated with the wall on the western terrace (Fig. 55). TYPE L 44 Form: jars with a rounded inturned rim and a slightly curved shoulder separated from the rim by a horizontal groove (Fig. 42). Manufacture: same as for the jars of Type 37. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/87. (Pls. 91: 5; 93:17) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: only two fragments ascribed to the Type 44 jars were found in the layer associated with the La Tene wall on the western terrace. Notes: the jars differ from those of Type 31 in the shaping technique only; the latter are hand-built, while the former are either made or finished on the fast wheel. 3.4.3 JARS WITH A CONICAL NECK (Lsv) Jars with a conical neck are deep vessels of various sizes distinguished by their clearly identifiable conical, either high or low, neck.274 They were found in both cemeteries and settlements. The settlement pottery from Stična includes three types of such jars. All are well-fired, of a non-porous fabric and considered as fineware. TYPE Lsv 1 Form: jars with a high conical neck, a wide or only slightly rounded shoulder and a carinated neck-shoulder junction (Fig. 42). The shape of the rim is the criterion for distinguishing between two variants: the jars of Variant 1a (Lsv 1a) have a long funnel-shaped rim and those of Variant 1b (Lsv 1b) have a short everted rim and an often flat lip. Manufacture: hand-built or thrown on the slow wheel; of fine- or medium-grained fabric; mostly fired in 274 Dular 1982, (12), 170, Fig. 1: 3. 132 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Sl. 42: Lonci tipa 37-44 in lonci s stožčastim vratom tipa 1-3. Fig. 42: Jars of Types 37-44 and jars with a conical neck of Types 1-3. 133 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Posamezna obravnavana primerka loncev tipa 44 izvirata iz plasti k latenske-mu zidu na zahodni terasi. Opombe: Lonci tipa 44 se od loncev tipa 31 razlikujejo izključno po načinu izdelave, saj so bili slednji izdelani prostoročno, za lonce tipa 44 pa je značilno, da so bili oblikovani ali vsaj dodelani na vretenu. 3.4.3 LONCI S STOŽČASTIM VRATOM (Lsv) Lonci s stožčastim vratom so različno velike globoke posode, ki jih odlikuje jasno oddeljen stožčast vrat.274 Razlikujemo med lonci z visokim in nizkim stožčastim vratom. Pojavljajo se tako med grobno kot tudi naselbinsko keramiko. Med stiško naselbinsko keramiko smo prepoznali tri tipe loncev s stožčastim vratom. Gre za dobro žgane, neporozne lonce, ki jih uvrščamo med fino posodje. TIP Lsv 1 Oblika: Lonci z visokim stožčastim vratom in širokimi ali le malo zaobljenimi, s klekom oddeljenimi rameni (sl. 42). Glede na ustje razlikujemo med dvema variantama. Lonci s stožčastim vratom 1a (Lsv 1a) imajo dolgo, lijakasto izvihano ustje; lonci 1b (Lsv 1b) pa kratko, pogosto ravno odrezano, navzven zapognjeno ustje. Izdelava: Lonci iz fino- ali drobnozrnate lončarske mase so bili izdelani prostoročno ali pa so bili oblikovani na počasnem lončarskem vretenu. Najpogosteje so bili redukcijsko žgani. Površina je bila brisana, pogosto tudi polirana in je gladka ali povsem zglajena. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/87. (t. 5: 1; 13: 5; 17: 16; 33: 7; 40: 3; 45: 3) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Lonci s stožčastim vratom tipa 1 so zastopani v vseh plasteh. Številčneje so zastopani med keramiko iz plasti k zidu I; še pogosteje pa izvirajo iz plasti k zidu III ter latenskih plasti (sl. 53). Opombe: Lonci s stožčastim vratom tipa 1 so bili le redko okrašeni. Lonec ID 7016A/020-042 (t. 13: 5) je bil zunaj premazan z grafitnim premazom, lonec ID 7117/024-001 (t. 5:1) pa je imel na ramenih bradavice. Lonci s stožčastim vratom tipa 1a se uvrščajo med lonce s stožčastim vratom tipa 1 po Dularju,275 lonci s stožčastim vratom tipa 1b pa so bolje primerljivi z lonci tipa 4.276 274 Dular 1982, 12, sl. 1: 3. 275 Dular 1982, 23, t. 3: 12-15; 4: 16, 17. 276 Dular 1982, 25, t. 5: 26-30. a reducing atmosphere; surface is smooth, often also completely burnished. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/87. (Pls. 5: 1; 13: 5; 17:16; 33: 7; 40: 3; 45: 3) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers, but more numerously in the layers associated with Wall I and even more in the layers associated with Wall III and in the La Tene layers (Fig. 53). Notes: only rare jars with a conical neck of Type 1 are decorated. The jar of ID 7016A/020-042 (Pl. 13: 5) has a graphite coating on the exterior, while the jar of ID 7117/024-001 (Pl. 5: 1) bears knobs on the shoulder. Jars with a conical neck of Variant 1a correspond with the jars with a conical neck of Type 1 after Dular,275 while the jars with a conical neck of Variant 1b are more closely comparable with the jars of Type 4.276 TYPE Lsv 2 Form: jars with a wide shoulder, a short and slightly curved conical neck and a short everted rim (Fig. 42). Manufacture: same as the jars with a conical neck of Type 1. Finds): Grahek 2013, 1/87. (Pls. 14: 12; 40: 5; 55: 3; 67: 1; 95:19) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers, fewest in the layers associated with Wall III (Fig. 53). Notes: some are decorated; the exterior can have a graphite coating and the shoulder may bear incisions, impressions or knobs. The jars with a conical neck of Type 2, determined on the basis of the shape of vessel parts only, are comparable with the jars with a conical neck of Type 4 after Dular,277 the jars of Type 9278 and the footed jars of Type 2.279 TYPE Lsv 3 Form: jars with a wide and sometimes slightly curved shoulder, a short conical or cylindrical neck and a slightly everted rim (Fig. 42). Manufacture: same as the jars with a conical neck of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/87. (Pls. 16:14; 25:1; 26: 9) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: such jars are rare. In spite of the fragment from a layer associated with Wall I, they seem to appear only in the layers associated with Wall III (Fig. 53). 275 Dular 1982, (23), 174 f, Pls. 3: 12-15; 4: 16, 17. 276 Dular 1982, (25), 175, Pl. 5: 26-30. 277 Dular 1982, (25), 175, Pl. 5: 29. 278 Dular 1982, (34), 178, Pl. 8: 72. 279 Dular 1982, (42 f), 182, Pl. 11: 107. 134 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT TIP Lsv2 Oblika: Lonci s širokimi rameni, kratkim, lahko rahlo usločenim, stožčastim vratom in kratkim, navzven zapognjenim ustjem (sl. 42). Izdelava: Kot lonci s stožčastim vratom tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/87. (t. 14: 12; 40: 5; 55: 3; 67: 1; 95:19) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Lonci s stožčastim vratom tipa 2 so zastopani v vseh plasteh, pri čemer so maloštevilni v plasti k zidu III (sl. 53). Opombe: Nekateri lonci s stožčastim vratom so bili tudi okrašeni. Zunanja stran posode pa je bila lahko premazana z grafitnim premazom, na ramenih pa se pojavlja okras z vrezi, odtisi ali bradavicami. Loncem s stožčastim vratom tipa 2, ki smo jih lahko opredelili le na podlagi gornjega dela ostenja z vratom in na podlagi fragmentov ustja, najdemo primerjave tako med lonci s stožčastim vratom tipa 4 po Dularju277 kot tudi med lonci tipa 9278 ter lonci z nogo tipa 2.279 TIP Lsv 3 Oblika: Lonci s širokimi, lahko nekoliko napetimi, rameni, kratkim stožčastim ali cilindričnim vratom in rahlo navzven zapognjenim robom ustja (sl. 42). Izdelava: Kot lonci s stožčastim vratom tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/87. (t. 16:14; 25:1; 26: 9) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Lonci s stožčastim vratom tipa 3 so med obravnavano keramiko redko zastopani. Navzlic posameznemu primerku iz plasti k zidu I je videti, da se pojavijo v plasteh k zidu III (sl. 53). Opombe: Loncem s stožčastim vratom tipa 3, ki smo jih lahko opredelili le na podlagi fragmentov ustij, najdemo primerjave med lonci z nogo tipa 2 po Dularju.280 Lahko gre za ustja skled, zlasti skled z nogo tipa 1 po Dularju.281 3.4.4 BUČE (B) Buča je globoka posoda, navadno manjšega volumna, ki ima kroglast trup in proti ustju zožen, visok vrat.282 Buče ne sodijo med številne, raznolike in razširjene oblike posod, vendar pa se pojavljajo tako med grobno kot tudi naselbinsko keramiko. Uvrščamo jih med fino posodje. Glede na obliko so najverjetneje služile za hranjenje tekočin. Buče med stiško naselbinsko keramiko zaradi velike fragmentiranosti težko prepoznavamo in 277 Dular 1982, 25, t. 5: 29. 278 Dular 1982, 34, t. 8: 72. 279 Dular 1982, 42 s, t. 11: 107. 280 Dular 1982, 42 s, t. 11: 105, 106. 281 Dular 1982, 72 s, t. 24: 233, 234. 282 Dular 1982, 12, sl. 1: 7. Notes: The jars of conical neck of Type 3, determined only on the basis of rim fragments, are comparable with the footed jars of Type 2 after Dular.280 They may also represent rims of bowls, particularly the bowls on a foot of Type 1 after Dular.281 3.4.4 GLOBULAR JARS (B) Globular jars are deep vessels, usually of a small volume, with a globular body and a high neck that narrows towards the rim.282 They are not numerously or widely represented, neither are they typologically varied, but do appear in both cemeteries and settlements. They represent fineware. Considering their shape, they were probably used to store liquids. The high degree of fragmentation of the Stična settlement pottery makes it very difficult to identify globular jars, which are also not subdivided further; most are pieces comparable with the globular jars of Type 1 after Dular.283 Form: jars with a globular body, a wide and rounded shoulder that has a smooth junction with the conical or cylindrical neck and an at least slightly everted rim. The neck, in some cases also the shoulder bears horizontal shallow grooves or cordons modelled out of the wall (Fig. 43: B). Manufacture: hand-built or thrown on the slow wheel; of fine- or medium-grained fabric; mostly fired in a reducing atmosphere; surface is smooth, in rare cases completely burnished. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/88. (Pls. 5: 11; 22: 6; 34: 6; 39:1; 59: 9; 64: 4; 68: 9) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers, very rare in the layers associated with Wall II (Fig. 53). 3.4.5 FOOTED BOWLS (C) These fineware vessels are bowls on a high foot and often covered with a lid.284 They represent the commonest vessel form offered as goods in the graves of the Dolenjska Hallstatt group.285 To the contrary, they are considerably less frequent finds in settlements. The Stična settlement pottery includes mostly pieces of black-on-red painted footed bowls (C 1-3). In his study of funerary pottery, Dular distinguished between several types of footed bowls,286 while the 280 Dular 1982, (42 f), 182, Pl. 11: 105, 106. 281 Dular 1982, (72 f), 195, Pl. 24: 233, 234. 282 Dular 1982, (12), 170, Fig. 1: 7. 283 Dular 1982, (39), 181, Pl. 10: 90, 92. 284 Dular 1982, (14), 171, Fig. 1: 11. 285 Dular 1982, (53 ff), 186 ff; Teržan 1980, (343 ff), 351 f, Table 1. 286 Dular 1982, (44 ff), 183 ff. 135 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT jih podrobneje ne razvrščamo, saj gre praviloma za kose, ki jih lahko primerjamo z bučami tipa 1 po Dularju.283 Oblika: Posode s kroglastim trebuhom, širokimi, zaobljenimi rameni, ki običajno tekoče prehajajo v stožčast ali cilindričen vrat. Ustje je izvihano ali vsaj nekoliko nagnjeno navzven. Vrat, lahko tudi rame, je vodoravno nažlebljen ali pa je profiliran z modeliranimi vodoravnimi rebri (sl. 43: B). Izdelava: Buče iz fino- ali drobnozrnate lončarske mase so bile izdelane prostoročno ali pa so bile oblikovane na počasnem lončarskem vretenu. Najpogosteje so bile redukcijsko žgane. Površina je gladka, redkeje povsem zglajena. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/88. (t. 5: 11; 22: 6; 34: 6; 39: 1; 59: 9; 64: 4; 68: 9) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Buče so zastopane v vseh plasteh, vendar pa se v plasti k zidu II pojavljajo le izjemoma (sl. 53). 3.4.5 CIBORIJI (C) Ciborij je posoda z visoko nogo, pogosto pokrita s pokrovom.284 Je najpogostejša oblika posode, ki je bila pridajana v grobove dolenjske halštatske skupine.285 Med naselbinsko keramiko se ciboriji pojavljajo mnogo redkeje. Uvrščamo jih med fino posodje. V Stični smo med naselbinsko keramiko prepoznavali predvsem dele rdeče-črno barvanih ciborijev (C 1-3). Po Dularjevi tipološki razvrstitvi grobne keramike se rdeče-črno barvani ciboriji po oblikovnih značilnostih razvrščajo med več različnih tipov.286 Primere naselbinskih rdeče-črno barvanih ciborijev zaradi velike fragmentarnosti težko tipološko razčlenimo. Zaradi lažje obravnave celotnega zbira keramike, posebej obravnavam fragmente ustij in nog rdeče-črno barvanih ciborijev, ki sem jih označila kot posamezne tipe. Poleg barvanih so bili v stiškem naselju najdeni še fragmenti ciborijev z nagubanim trupom (C 4). TIP C 1 Oblika: Rdeče-črno barvani ciboriji kroglaste oblike, ki imajo z modeliranimi vodoravnimi rebri profiliran cilindrični vrat in izvihano ustje (sl. 43). Kot ciborije tipa 1a (C 1a) obravnavamo primerke bikonično oblikovanih ciborijev. Ti imajo zgornjo polovico ostenja in usločen vrat profiliran z modeliranimi rebri, kanelura-mi ali kleki, ki oblikujejo široke žlebove. Ciboriji tipa 1b (C 1b) imajo na stožčastih ali širokih, zaobljenih 283 Dular 1982, 39, t. 10: 90, 92. 284 Dular 1982, 14, sl. 1: 11. 285 Dular 1982, 53 ss; Teržan 1980, 343 ss, preglednica 1. 286 Dular 1982, 44 ss. high degree of fragmentation of the Stična settlement pottery prevents us from attempting to classify them as did Dular. In order to facilitate pottery analysis, I treat rim fragments separately from the foot fragments, each marked as an individual type. Apart from the painted footed bowls, the Stična settlement pottery also includes fragments of footed bowls with an indented body (C 4). TYPE C 1 Form: globular, black-on-red painted footed bowls with a cylindrical neck bearing horizontal cordons modelled out of the wall and an everted rim (Fig. 43). Those with a biconical body are treated as Variant 1a (C 1a), with the upper half of the body and the curved neck bearing cordons, shallow grooves or carinations that form wide grooves. The bowls of Variant 1b (C 1b) have a conical or wide and rounded shoulder that bear horizontal cordons either applied or modelled out of the wall. Other wall fragments with horizontal cordons are treated as Variant 1c (C 1c), while Variant 1d (C 1d) consists of the fragments of shoulders with a carinated junction with the conical and slightly curved neck. Manufacture: mostly thrown on the slow wheel; of finegrained fabric; fired in an oxidising or an incompletely oxidising atmosphere; surface is smooth or completely burnished. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/88. (Pls. 8: 7; 13: 7; 18: 11; 22: 4; 23: 4; 27: 2; 30: 9; 32: 4; 33: 14; 68: 2; 78: 14; 82: 7; 83: 2-4) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: black-on-red painted footed bowls of Types 1-3 were found in the latest layers associated with Wall I or in the layers between Walls I and II, but most numerously in the layers associated with Wall II (Fig. 53). Notes: footed bowls of Type 1 include a fragment of a red painted lid of ID 6807/083-030, which is marked with an asterisk (*).287 The footed bowls of Type 1, but also of Types 2 and 3, are most closely comparable with the footed bowls of Types 7288, 9289, 10290 and 11 after Dular.291 The high degree of fragmentation prevents a reliable reconstruction and it is thus possible for some of the fragments determined here as footed bowls to really be footed situlae of Type 1 after Dular,292 particularly the fragments of Variants 1c and 1d. 287 Grahek 2013, 2/266 = 526. 288 Dular 1982, (48), 184, Pl. 14: 135. 289 Dular 1982, (50 f), 185, Pl. 16. 290 Dular 1982, (51), 185, Pl. 17: 148, 150, 151. 291 Dular 1982, (52), 185, Pl. 18: 156. 292 Dular 1982, Pl. 19: 160, 163, 164, 166, 167. 136 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT ramenih modelirana ali prilepljena vodoravna rebra. Kot ciborije tipa 1c (C 1c) obravnavamo preostale fragmente ostenj z vodoravnimi rebri, kot ciborije tipa 1d (C 1d) pa fragmente ramen, ki so s klekom oddeljena od stožčastega, lahko rahlo usločenega vratu. Izdelava: Ciboriji so bili najobičajneje oblikovani iz fi-nozrnate lončarske mase na počasnem lončarskem vretenu. Po večini so bili oksidacijsko ali nepopolno oksidacijsko žgani. Površina je gladka ali povsem zglajena. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/88. (t. 8:7; 13: 7; 18:11; 22:4; 23: 4; 27:2; 30:9; 32:4; 33:14; 68:2; 78:14; 82:7; 83:2-4) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Rdeče-črno barvani ciboriji tipa 1-3 se pojavijo v najmlajših plasteh k zidu I ali v plasti med zidoma I in II. Daleč največ jih izvira iz plasti k zidu II (sl. 53). Opombe: K ciborijem tipa 1 je uvrščen tudi fragment rdeče barvanega pokrova ID 6807/083-030, ki je označen z *.287 Ciborijem tipa 1 in fragmentom rdeče-črno barvanih ciborijev, ki so opredeljeni kot ciboriji tipa 2 in 3, lahko najdemo primerjave med ciboriji tipa 7 po Dularju288, ciboriji tipa 9289, ciboriji tipa 10290 in ciboriji tipa 11 po Dularju.291 Zaradi velike fragmentiranosti, ki ne omogoča zanesljive rekonstrukcije, so kot ciboriji lahko označeni tudi fragmenti rdeče-črno barvanih situl z nogo tipa 1 po Dularju.292 Situlam tako lahko pripadajo predvsem fragmenti, ki so opredeljeni kot ciboriji tipa 1c in 1d. TIP C 2 Oblika: Ustja rdeče-črno barvanih ciborijev (sl. 43). Ciboriji tipa 2a (C 2a) imajo izvihano in nekoliko navzdol zapognjeno ustje. Ciboriji tipa 2b (C 2b) imajo nad zaobljenimi rameni kratek cilindrični vrat in navzven zapognjen rob ustja. Ciboriji tipa 2c (C 2c) imajo pokončen, lahko tudi rahlo usločen vrat in izvihan, zaobljen rob ustja. Ciboriji tipa 2d (C 2d) imajo lijakasto izvihano ustje, katerega rob je z zunanje strani lahko nekoliko odebeljen. Ciboriji tipa 2e (C 2e) imajo s klekom od ramen oddeljen kratek lijakast vrat in navzven zapognjen rob ustja. Izdelava: Kot ciboriji tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/90. (t. 8: 3; 13: 6; 14:10; 17:2, 3; 21:15; 31: 4; 56:1; 58: 4; 59:10; 82: 9; 85: 4) Opombe: Fragmenti ustij, ki so opredeljeni kot ciboriji tipa 2b, lahko pripadajo rdeče-črno barvanim situlam. Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir in drugo glej pri ciborijih tipa 1. 287 Grahek 2013, 2/266 = 526. 288 Dular 1982, 48, t. 14: 135. 289 Dular 1982, 50 s, t. 16. 290 Dular 1982, 51, t. 17: 148, 150, 151. 291 Dular 1982, 52, t. 18: 156. 292 Dular 1982, t. 19: 160, 163, 164, 166, 167. TYPE C 2 Form: rims of black-on-red painted footed bowls (Fig. 43). Those with an everted and slightly down-turned rim are determined as Variant 2a (C 2a), those with an everted rim, a short cylindrical neck and a rounded shoulder as Variant 2b (C 2b), those with an everted rim and a rounded lip, a cylindrical and in some cases slightly curved neck as Variant 2c (C 2c), those with a funnel-shaped and externally thickened rim as Variant 2d (C 2d) and those with a short funnel-shaped neck, an everted rim and a carinated neck-shoulder junction as Variant 2e (C 2e). Manufacture: same as the footed bowls of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/90. (Pls. 8: 3; 13: 6; 14: 10; 17: 2, 3; 21: 15; 31: 4; 56:1; 58: 4; 59: 10; 82: 9; 85: 4) Notes: rim fragments determined as Variant 2b may have belonged to black-on-red painted situlae. Chrono-stratigraphic attribution and other: same as the footed bowls of Type 1. TYPE C 3 Form: feet ofblack-on-red painted footed bowls (Fig. 43). This type (C 3) consists of bell-shaped or conical feet with a splayed and rounded lower edge that is in some cases slightly thickened. The ring feet modelled out of the wall are determined as Variant 3a (C 3a). Manufacture: same as the footed bowls of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/90. (Pls. 17: 4; 22: 5; 30: 14; 63: 13; 77: 6; 78: 7) Notes: ring feet constituting Variant 3a most probably belonged to black-on-red painted situlae. Chrono-stratigraphic attribution and other: same as the footed bowls of Type 1. TYPE C 4 Form: footed bowls with an indented body divided into several bands by grooves or cordons modelled from the walls (Fig. 43). Individual indentations may be replaced by bands of vertical grooves. The shoulder and neck may be moulded with horizontal shallow grooves or with cordons modelled out of the wall. Exterior surface may be red or graphite painted. Large bowls with an indented body are determined as Variant 4a (C 4a). Manufacture: hand-built or thrown on the slow wheel; mostly of fine-grained fabric; fired in an oxidising or a reducing atmosphere; surface is smooth, rarely completely burnished, sometimes slightly porous. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/90. (Pls. 11: 6; 49:10; 62:1; 65:10) 137 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Sl. 43: Ciboriji tipa 1-4, buče, lončki in ročke. Fig. 43: Footed bowls of Types 1-4, globular jars, beakers and pitchers. 138 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT TIP C 3 Oblika: Noge rdeče-črno barvanih ciborijev (sl. 43). Cibo-rije tipa 3 (C 3) predstavljajo zvončaste ali stožčaste noge, ki imajo navzven podaljšan, zaobljen, lahko tudi nekoliko odebeljen spodnji rob. Kot ciboriji tipa 3a (C 3a) so označena navzven izvlečena prstanasta dna v obliki nizke noge. Izdelava: Kot ciboriji tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/90. (t. 17: 4; 22: 5; 30:14; 63:13; 77: 6; 78: 7) Opombe: Prstanasta dna ali nizke noge, ki so označene kot ciboriji tipa 3a najverjetneje pripadajo rdeče-črno barvanim situlam. Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir in drugo glej pri ciborijih tipa 1. TIP C 4 Oblika: Ciboriji imajo z žlebovi ali modeliranimi rebri v več pasov razdeljen trup z nagubanim ostenjem (sl. 43). Posamezne gube lahko nadomeščajo snopi širokih navpičnih žlebov. Ramena in vrat so lahko profilirana z vodoravnimi kanelurami ali mode-liranimi rebri. Zunanja stran je bila lahko rdeče barvana ali premazana z grafitnim premazom. Kot ciborije tipa 4a (C 4a) smo označili velike sklede z nagubanim ostenjem trupa. Izdelava: Ciboriji, običajno iz finozrnate lončarske mase, so bili izdelani prostoročno ali pa so bili oblikovani na počasnem lončarskem vretenu. Bili so oksida-cijsko ali redukcijsko žgani. Lahko rahlo porozna površina je gladka, redkeje povsem zglajena. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/90. (t. 11: 6; 49:10; 62:1; 65:10) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Primerka ciborijev tipa 4 najverjetneje oba izvirata iz plasti k zidu III (dodatek); fragmenti nagubanih posod, ki so obravnavani kot ciboriji tipa 4a pa se pojavijo že v plasti k zidu II (sl. 53). Opombe: Ciboriji tipa 4 sodijo med ciborije tipa 12 po Dularju293; fragmenti, ki jih obravnavamo kot ciborije tipa 4a, pa bolje ustrezajo skledam tipa 5294 ali skledam z nogo tipa 2 po Dularju.295 3.4.6 VRČI (V) Vrči so globoke posode, ki so proti ustju zožene in imajo ob strani ročaj.296 Služili so za serviranje tekočin in jih uvrščamo med fino posodje. Vrče med stiško naselbinsko keramiko zaradi velike fragmentarnosti težko prepoznavamo. Razlikujemo med 293 Dular 1982, 52 s, t. 18: 157-159. 294 Dular 1982, 71, t. 24: 226-232. 295 Dular 1982, 73, t. 25: 236-243. 296 Dular 1982, 12. Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: the two pieces of Type 4 footed bowls were most likely found in the layers associated with Wall III (supplement), while the fragments of indented vessels determined as Variant 4a appear already in the layers associated with Wall II (Fig. 53). Notes: Type 4 footed bowls correspond with the footed bowls of Type 12 after Dular293; while the fragments of Variant 4a correspond more closely with the bowls of Type 5294 or bowls on a foot of Type 2 after Dular.295 3.4.6 JUGS (V) Jugs are deep vessels that narrow towards the rim and have one or two handles.296 They were used to serve liquids and represent fineware. The high degree of fragmentation of the Stična settlement pottery makes it all but impossible to identify jugs. It was nevertheless possible to distinguish between two types: hand-built jugs and La Tene period jugs thrown on the fast wheel. These are mostly identifiable on the basis of the fragmentarily surviving handles. TYPE V 1 Form: jugs with a constricted neck, an everted rim and either a strap handle (elongated oval or rectangular in cross section) or a handle of a round cross section (Fig. 44). Manufacture: hand-built; mostly of fine-grained fabric; mostly fired in an oxidising or a reducing atmosphere; surface is smooth, rarely completely burnished. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/91. (Pls. 2: 5; 81: 3) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers, most numerously in those associated with Wall I (Fig. 53). TYPE V 2 Form: jugs with strap handles of rectangular cross section and in some cases mouldings along the edges (Fig. 44). Manufacture: thrown on the fast wheel with hand-built handles, mostly of refined and well-kneaded, very fine-grained fabric; mostly fired in a reducing atmosphere; surface is smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/91. (Pl. 92:4) 293 Dular 1982, (52 f), 185, Pl. 18: 157-159. 294 Dular 1982, (71), 195, Pl. 24: 226-232. 295 Dular 1982, (73), 196, Pl. 25: 236-243. 296 Dular 1982, (12), 170. 139 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT dvema tipoma; in sicer med ostanki prostoročno oblikovanih vrčev ter latenskodobnimi, na hitrem lončarskem vretenu izdelanimi vrči, pri čemer so oboji večinoma zastopani le s fragmentarno ohranjenimi ročaji. TIP V 1 Oblika: Fragmenti prostoročno oblikovanih posod z ozkim vratom, imenovanim tudi grlo, in izvihanim ustjem, ki imajo pritrjen trakast (podolgovat ali pravokoten presek) ali bolj svitkasto (kroglast presek) oblikovan ročaj (sl. 44). Izdelava: Prostoročno, običajno iz finozrnate lončarske mase izdelani vrči in njihovi ročaji so bili najpogosteje oksidacijsko ali redukcijsko žgani. Površina je gladka, redkeje povsem zglajena. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/91. (t. 2: 5; 81: 3) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Ostanki vrčev tipa 1 so zastopani v vseh plasteh. Še največ jih izvira iz plasti k zidu I (sl. 53). TIP V 2 Oblika: Na hitrem lončarskem vretenu izdelane posode s pritrjenimi trakastimi ročaji, pravokotnega preseka, ki so ob straneh lahko profilirani (sl. 44). Izdelava: Na lončarskem vretenu, običajno iz dobro prečiščene in pregnetene, zelo finozrnate lončarske mase izdelani vrči s prostoročno oblikovanimi ročaji so bili po večini žgani redukcijsko. Površina je gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/91. (t. 92:4) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Redki primerki vrčev tipa 2 izvirajo iz latenskih plasti. Posamično so zastopani v plasteh na zahodni terasi ter v plasti k prečnemu zidu 2 (sl. 55). Opombe: Med ročaji, ki so opredeljeni kot vrči tipa 2, izstopa edini dobro ohranjen primerek na vretenu izdelanega vrča ID 6911/011-001 (t. 92: 4). Ker gre gotovo za dvoročajni vrč, je označen z *. Oblikovno je enak glinenkam tipa 1 (sl. 44: G 1). Dvoročajne vrče imenujemo tudi amfore.297 3.4.7 GLINENKE (G) Glinenka je globoka posoda z ozkim vratom, ki jo Horvatova imenuje steklenica.298 Gre namreč za obliko posodja, ki je v nemški literaturi imenovana "Flasche".299 V okviru latenske keramike imenujemo glinenka vse oblike finega, globokega posodja. 297 Dular 1982, 14. 298 Horvat 1999, 88, 171: A2D. 299 Npr.: Pingel, 1971, 17 ss. Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: these jugs are rare and were found in the La Tene layers; they appeared individually in the layers on the western terrace and in the layers associated with the second crosswall (Fig. 55). Notes: standing apart among the handles determined as the jugs of Type 2 is a single well-preserved example of a wheel-thrown jug of ID 6911/011-001 (Pl. 92: 4); it has two handles and is therefore marked with an asterisk (*). In form, it is the same as the flasks of Type 1 (Fig. 44: G 1). Two-handled jugs are also called amphorae.297 3.4.7 FLASKS (G) A flask is a deep vessel with a constricted neck, termed a bottle by Horvat298 and known as a Flasche in the German literature.299 Of the La Tene pottery, flask is a name given to all forms of deep fineware. There are ten types of flasks among the Stična settlement pottery, with those of Types 1-6 (Fig. 44: G 1-G 6) most probably serving to store liquids and those of Types 7-10 (Fig. 44: G 7-G 10) formally resembling jars; all are considered as fineware. TYPE G 1 Form: biconical flasks with a groove-decorated shoulder (Fig. 44), a constricted neck, a short everted rim and an often slightly concave base. Manufacture: wheel-thrown; mostly of refined and well-kneaded, very fine-grained fabric; mostly fired in an oxidising atmosphere with final smoking or in an interchanging reducing and oxidising atmosphere with final smoking; surface usually smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/91. (Pls. 69:10, 11; 87:23) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in the La Tene layers, more precisely in the La Tene layers in Trench 5, in the layers associated with both crosswalls and in the layers on the western terrace, but most numerously in the layers associated with the first crosswall (Fig. 55). Notes: rim fragments determined as those of the flasks of Types 4-6 may have belonged to the flasks of Type 1. TYPE G 2 Form: biconical flasks with a stepped shoulder (Fig. 44), a constricted neck and a short everted rim. Manufacture: same as for the flasks of Type 1. 297 Dular 1982, (14), 171. 298 Horvat 1999, 88, 171: A2D. 299 E.g. Pingel, 1971, 17 ff. 140 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT V Stični razlikujemo med 10 tipi glinenk, pri čemer so glinenke tipa 1-6 (sl. 44: G 1-G 6) najverjetneje služile za tekočine, glinenke tipa 7-10 (sl. 44: G 7-G 10) pa so glede na obliko podobne loncem. Vse glinenke uvrščamo med fino posodje. TIP G 1 Oblika: Glinenke bikonične oblike z rameni, ki so okrašena z vodoravnimi žlebovi (sl. 44). Imajo ozko grlo, kratko izvihano ustje in pogosto nekoliko vbočeno dno. Izdelava: Na lončarskem vretenu, običajno iz dobro prečiščene in pregnetene, zelo finozrnate lončarske mase izdelane glinenke so bile večinoma žgane oksidacijsko s končnim dimljenjem ali pa so bile žgane ob menjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končnim dimljenjem. Površina je praviloma gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/91. (t. 69:10, 11; 87: 23) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Glinenke tipa 1 se pojavljajo v latenskih plasteh. Zastopane so v plasti iz sonde 5, v plasti k prečnima zidovoma ter v plasteh na zahodni terasi, pri čemer jih največji delež izhaja iz plasti k prečnemu zidu 1 (sl. 55). Opombe: Glinenkam tipa 1 lahko pripadajo ustja, ki smo jih opredelili kot glinenke tipa 4-6. TIP G 2 Oblika: Glinenke bikonične oblike, s stopničasto oblikovanimi rameni (sl. 44). Imajo ozko grlo in kratko izvihano ustje. Izdelava: Kot glinenke tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/91. (t. 69:12) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Posamezni primerki gli-nenk tipa 2, ki so zastopane predvsem v latenskih plasteh, izvirajo že iz plasti stopnje zidu III. V okviru latenskih plasti so zastopane v plasteh iz sonde 5, v plasteh k prečnima zidovoma ter v plasteh na zahodni terasi, pri čemer jih največji delež izhaja iz plasti k zidu na zahodni terasi (sl. 55). Opombe: Glinenkam tipa 2 lahko pripadajo ustja, ki smo jih opredelili kot glinenke tipa 4-6. TIP G 3 Oblika: Glinenke bikonične oblike, na zgornjem delu okrašene z vodoravnim rebrom (sl. 44). Ramena so lahko stopničasto oblikovana. Izdelava: Kot glinenke tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/92. (t. 60:19; 88: 3) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Glinenke tipa 3 se pojavljajo v latenskih plasteh. Zastopane so v plasti iz sonde 5, Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/91. (Pl. 69:12) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: predominantly found in the La Tene layers, with individual pieces appearing already in the layers associated with Wall III. Within the La Tene layers, they were found in the layers in Trench 5, in the layers associated with both cross-walls and in the layers on the western terrace, most numerously in those associated with the wall on the western terrace (Fig. 55). Notes: rim fragments determined as those of the flasks of Types 4-6 may have belonged to the flasks of Type 2. TYPE G 3 Form: biconical flasks with a stepped shoulder and a horizontal cordon on the upper part (Fig. 44). Manufacture: same as for the flasks of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/91. (Pls. 60:19; 88: 3) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in the La Tene layers, more precisely in the layers in Trench 5, the layer associated with both crosswalls and in those on the western terrace (Fig. 55). Notes: rim fragments determined as those of the flasks of Types 4-6 may have belonged to the flasks of Type 3. Standing apart from the other flasks of Type 3 is the fragment of ID 6701/094-006 (Pl. 60:19) that is decorated with horizontal cordons modelled out of the wall, a groove and a line of ring-and-dots below it, and is therefore marked with an asterisk (*). TYPE G 4 Form: flasks with a constricted cylindrical neck, a funnel-shaped rim and a rounded lip (Fig. 44). Manufacture: same as for the flasks of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/92. (Pls. 18: 4; 62: 4; 66:13) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: apart from individual pieces from the layers associated with Wall III, these flasks were found in the La Tene layers, more precisely in Layer b in Trench 5 and the layer associated with the wall on the western terrace (Fig. 55). Notes: rim fragments determined as Type 4 flasks may have belonged to the biconical flasks of Types 1-3. TYPE G 5 Form: flasks with a constricted and slightly curved conical neck, an everted rim that is sometimes perpendicular to the neck and a rounded lip (Fig. 44). Manufacture: same as for the flasks of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/92. (Pls. 11:2; 18:2; 43:5, 8,10,16; 69: 6; 70: 7; 72:12; 74:1; 86:11; 87:16; 93:2) 141 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT plasti k prečnima zidovoma ter v plasteh na zahodni terasi (sl. 55). Opombe: Glinenkam tipa 3 lahko pripadajo ustja, ki smo jih opredelili kot glinenke tipa 4-6. Med glinenkami tipa 3 izstopa fragment ID 6701/094-006 (t. 60:19), ki je označen z *. Gre namreč za fragment glinenke z okrasom dveh vodoravno modeliranih reber, z vglobljenim žlebom pod njima ter nizom žigosanih koncentričnih krožcev. Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in the La Tene layers, more precisely in the layers in Trench 5, in the layers associated with both crosswalls and in the layers on the western terrace (Fig. 55). Notes: rim fragments determined as Type 5 flasks may have belonged to the biconical flasks of Types 1-3. TYPE G 6 TIP G 4 Oblika: Glinenke z ozkim, cilindričnim vratom in lijakasto izvihanim ustjem (sl. 44). Rob ustja je zaobljen. Izdelava: Kot glinenke tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/92. (t. 18: 4; 62: 4; 66:13) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvin Poleg posameznega primerka iz plasti k zidu III se glinenke tipa 4 pojavljajo v latenskih plasteh. Zastopane so v plasti b iz sonde 5 in plasti k zidu na zahodni terasi (sl. 55). Opombe: Ustja glinenk tipa 4 lahko pripadajo bikoničnim glinenkam tipa 1-3. TIP G 5 Oblika: Glinenke z ozkim, rahlo usločenim stožčastim vratom in izvihanim, lahko pravokotno na vrat navzven zapognjenim ustjem (sl. 44). Rob ustja je zaobljen. Izdelava: Kot glinenke tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/92. (t. 11:2; 18:2; 43: 5, 8,10,16; 69: 6; 70: 7; 72:12; 74:1; 86:11; 87:16; 93: 2) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvin Glinenke tipa 5 se pojavljajo v latenskih plasteh. Zastopane so tako v plasteh iz sonde 5 kot tudi v plasteh k prečnima zidovoma in plasteh na zahodni terasi (sl. 55). Opombe: Ustja glinenk tipa 5 lahko pripadajo bikoničnim glinenkam tipa 1-3. TIP G 6 Oblika: Glinenke z ozkim, rahlo usločenim stožčastim vratom in navzven zapognjenim robom ustja (sl. 44). Rob ustja je z zunanje strani lahko krožno ali gobasto, odebeljen. Izdelava: Kot glinenke tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/92. (t. 10: 15; 34: 10; 41: 7; 58: 19, 20; 60: 3, 9; 61: 9, 10; 62: 3; 71:10; 74:16; 76:11; 93:23; 95:10) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Poleg posameznega primerka iz plasti k zidu III se glinenke tipa 6 pojavljajo v latenskih plasteh. Zastopane so tako v plasteh iz sonde 5 kot tudi v plasteh k prečnima zidovoma in plasteh na zahodni terasi (sl. 55). Form: flasks with a constricted and slightly curved conical neck, an everted rim with a globular or mushroom-shaped external thickening (Fig. 44). Manufacture: same as for the flasks of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/92. (Pls. 10: 15; 34: 10; 41: 7; 58: 19, 20; 60: 3, 9; 61: 9,10; 62: 3; 71:10; 74:16; 76:11; 93: 23; 95:10) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: apart from individual pieces from the layers associated with Wall III, these flasks were found in the La Tene layers, more precisely in the layers in Trench 5, those associated with both crosswalls and those on the western terrace (Fig. 55). Notes: rim fragments determined as Type 6 flasks may have belonged to the biconical flasks of Types 1-3. Fragment of ID 6703/060-001 (Pl. 34: 10) has an everted, thickened rim cut on the underside and from the side, and is therefore marked with an asterisk (*). TYPE G 7 Form: flasks with a conical or cylindrical neck, a carinated neck-shoulder junction, a slightly rounded shoulder and a short everted rim (Fig. 44). The flasks with a wide shoulder, a short and slightly curved neck and a short everted and thickened rim measuring more than 9cm in radius constitute Variant Type 7a (G 7a). Manufacture: same as for the flasks of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/92. (Pls. 17: 20; 79: 8; 80: 4; 88: 4; 89:18) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: apart from individual pieces from the layers associated with Wall III, these flasks were found in the La Tene layers, predominantly in the layers associated with both crosswalls, where most originated from the layers associated with the first crosswall. These layers also yielded two pieces of the flasks of Variant 7a (Fig. 55). Notes: flasks of Type 7 rank among jars according to the typology proposed by Horvat.300 300 Horvat 1999, 171: A2C. 142 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Sl. 44: Glinenke tipa 1-10, pokali in vrči. Fig. 44: Flasks of Types 1-10, goblets and jugs. 143 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Opombe: Ustja glinenk tipa 6 lahko pripadajo bikoničnim glinenkam tipa 1-3. Fragment ID 6703/060-001 (t. 34: 10) ima odebeljen, spodaj ter s strani odrezan, navzven zapognjen rob ustja in je zatorej označen z *. TIP G 7 Oblika: Glinenke s stožčastim ali cilindričnim vratom, ki je od rahlo zaobljenih ramen ločen s klekom (sl. 44). Nad vratom je navzven zapognjen rob ustja ali kratko izvihano ustje. Kot glinenke tipa 7a (G 7a) so označene posode s širokimi rameni, kratkim, rahlo usločenim vratom in kratkim, odebeljenim, izvihanim ustjem, katerega polmer presega 9 cm. Izdelava: Kot glinenke tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/92. (t. 17: 20; 79: 8; 80: 4; 88: 4; 89:18) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvin Poleg posameznega primerka iz plasti k zidu III se glinenke tipa 7 pojavljajo v latenskih plasteh. Zastopane so predvsem v plasteh k prečnima zidovoma, kjer jih večji delež izhaja iz plasti k zidu 1. Iz plasti k prečnemu zidu 1 izvirata tudi dva primerka glinenk tipa 7a (sl. 55). Opombe: Glinenke tipa 7 se po tipološki predlogi Horva-tove uvrščajo med lonce.300 TIP G 8 Oblika: Glinenke s širokim vratom in lijakasto izvihanim ustjem (sl. 44). Izdelava: Kot glinenke tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/94. (t. 29: 3; 60: 1; 80: 16; 87: 1; 93:21) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvin Glinenke tipa 8 se pojavljajo v latenskih plasteh. Z izjemo posameznega primerka iz plasti k zidu na zahodni terasi izvirajo predvsem iz plasti k prečnemu zidu 1 (sl. 55). Opombe: Glinenke tipa 8 se po tipološki predlogi Horva-tove uvrščajo med lonce (gl. op. 300). TIP G 9 Oblika: Glinenke s pokončnim, širokim, lahko nekoliko usločenim vratom in kratkim, izvihanim ustjem (sl. 44). Kot glinenke tipa 9a (G 9a) so označene posode z navzven odebeljenim robom ustja. Izdelava: Kot glinenke tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/94. (t. 18: 3; 43: 9; 50:2; 58: 5; 79: 5; 80: 5; 88:13) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Poleg posameznih primerkov iz plasti stopnje zidu III se glinenke tipa 9 pojavljajo v latenskih plasteh. Zastopane so v plasti 300 Horvat 1999, 171: A2C. TYPE G 8 Form: flasks with a wide neck and a funnel-shaped rim (Fig. 44). Manufacture: same as for the flasks of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/94. (Pls. 29: 3; 60:1; 80:16; 87: 1; 93: 21) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in the La Tene layers. Apart from individual pieces from the layers associated with the wall on the western terrace, most originate from the layers associated with the first crosswall (Fig. 55). Notes: flasks of Type 8 rank among jars according to the typology proposed by Horvat (see Fn. 300). TYPE G 9 Form: flasks with a wide, cylindrical or slightly curved neck and a short everted rim (Fig. 44). The flasks with an externally thickened rim constitute Variant 9a (G 9a). Manufacture: same as for the flasks of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/94. (Pls. 18: 3; 43: 9; 50: 2; 58: 5; 79: 5; 80: 5; 88:13) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: apart from individual pieces from the layers associated with Wall III, these flasks were found in the La Tene layers, more precisely in the layer in Trench 6 and the layers in Trench 5, while they were mostly found in the layers associated with the first crosswall (Fig. 55). Notes: flasks of Type 9 rank among jars according to the typology proposed by Horvat (see Fn. 300). TYPE G 10 Form: flasks with a slightly curved conical neck, a rim with a globular or mushroom-shaped external thickening (Fig. 44), a carinated neck-shoulder junction and horizontal incisions or grooves on the shoulder. Manufacture: same as for the flasks of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/94. (Pls. 25: 9; 50:11; 72:2; 80:12; 91:12; 93: 3) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: apart from individual pieces from the layers associated with Wall III, they were found in the La Tene layers, more precisely in the layers in Trench 5, the layers associated with both crosswalls and the layer associated with the wall on the western terrace (Fig. 55). Notes: flasks of Type 10 include the rim fragment of ID 7218/007-005 (Pl. 80: 12), which is a beaker with a cylindrical neck, separated from the shoulder with a groove, and a rounded lip, and is therefore marked with an asterisk (*). Flasks of Type 10 rank 144 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT iz sonde 6, plasteh iz sonde 5 predvsem pa v plasteh k prečnemu zidu 1 (sl. 55). Opombe: Glinenke tipa 9 se po tipološki predlogi Horva-tove uvrščajo med lonce (gl. op. 300). TIP G 10 Oblika: Glinenke z rahlo usločenim stožčastim vratom in navzven kroglasto ali gobasto odebeljenim robom ustja (sl. 44). Ramena, ki so od vratu redko oddeljena s klekom, so lahko okrašena z vodoravnimi vrezi ali žlebovi. Izdelava: Kot glinenke tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/94. (t. 25: 9; 50:11; 72:2; 80:12; 91:12; 93: 3) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Z izjemo posameznega primerka iz plasti k zidu III se glinenke tipa 10 pojavljajo v latenskih plasteh. Zastopane so v plasteh iz sonde 5, plasteh k prečnima zidovoma in v plasti k zidu na zahodni terasi (sl. 55). Opombe: Med glinenke tipa 10 smo uvrstili tudi ustje ID 7218/007-005 (t. 80:12). Ker gre za fragment lončka z zaobljenim robom ustja na pokončnem vratu, ki je od ramen ločen z žlebom, je označen z *. Glinenke tipa 10 se po tipološki predlogi Horvatove uvrščajo med lonce (gl. op. 300). 3.4.8 POKALI (P) Pokal je globoka posoda s širokim zgornjim delom trupa, ki je proti dnu izrazito zožen. Stojna ploskev ima manjši polmer od ustja.301 Med stiško keramiko iz latenskih plasti prepoznavamo 4 tipe pokalov (P 1-4), pri čemer smo kot pokale tipa 4 opredelili dna s spodnjim, neokrašenim delom trupa. Pokale uvrščamo med fino, pivsko posodje. TIP P 1 Oblika: Pokali s širokim zgornjim delom trupa, ki je proti dnu lijakasto zožen. Nad največjim obodom posode so kratka, zaobljena ali le nekoliko napeta ramena, ki so zaključena z navznoter nagnjenim ustjem. Rob ustja je zaobljen ali ravno odrezan (sl. 44). Izdelava: Na lončarskem vretenu, iz dobro prečiščene in pregnetene, zelo finozrnate lončarske mase izdelani pokali so bili najpogosteje žgani ob menjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končnim dimljenjem ali pa so bili žgani oksidacijsko s končnim dimljenjem. Površina je gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/94. (t. 25:10; 43: 7; 50: 3; 70: 8) 301 Knez 1992, 86. among jars according to the typology proposed by Horvat (see Fn. 300). 3.4.8 GOBLETS (P) Goblets are deep vessels with a wide upper part of the body that narrows considerably towards the base and the base diameter smaller than the rim diameter.301 The settlement pottery from the La Tene layers at Stična includes four types of goblets (P 1-4), with Type 4 consisting of base fragments with an undecorated lower part of the body. Goblets were used for drinking and are considered as fineware. TYPE P 1 Form: goblets with a wide upper part of the body that narrows towards the base, a short rounded or slightly curved shoulder, an inturned rim and a lip that is either rounded or flat (Fig. 44). Manufacture: wheel-thrown; of refined and well-kneaded, very fine-grained fabric; mostly fired in an interchanging reducing and oxidising atmosphere with final smoking or in an oxidising atmosphere with final smoking; surface is smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/94. (Pls. 25:10; 43: 7; 50: 3; 70: 8) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: apart from individual pieces from the layers associated with Wall III, they were found in the La Tene layers. There they appeared individually in the layers in Trench 6, Layer a in Trench 5 and in the layer associated with the wall on the western terrace; they were found in greater numbers in the layers associated with both crosswalls (Fig. 55). Notes: goblets of Type 1 include the rim fragment of ID 6806/003-001, which corresponds in shape, but is hand-built from a fine-grained fabric with a small amount of added graphite and is therefore marked with an asterisk (*).302 TYPE P 2 Form: goblets with a wide upper part of the body that narrows in a funnel-shaped manner towards the base, a short rounded or slightly curved shoulder and an everted, sometimes globularly thickened rim (Fig. 44). Manufacture: same as for the goblets of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/95. (Pls. 10:14; 25: 8; 34:2; 43:11; 69:9; 70:6; 71:7; 72:1;87:7; 89:10,16; 91:11; 95:21) 301 Knez 1992, 88. 302 Grahek 2013, 2/240 = 500. 145 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Poleg posameznega primerka iz plasti stopnje zidu III se pokali tipa 1 pojavljajo v latenskih plasteh. Posamično so zastopani v plasti iz sonde 6, plasti a iz sonde 5 in v plasti k zidu na zahodni terasi; pogostejši pa so v plasti k prečnima zidovoma (sl. 55). Opombe: Med pokale tipa 1 smo uvrstili tudi fragment ustja ID 6806/003-001. Gre za posamičen primer prostoročno izdelane posode iz drobnozrnate lončarske mase, ki ji je bil v manjših količinah dodan grafit.302 Ker oblikovno ustreza pokalom tipa 1, je označen z *. 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: apart from individual pieces from the layers associated with Wall III, these goblets were found in the La Tene layers. Most were found in Layer a in Trench 5, some also in the layers associated with both crosswalls and the layers on the western terrace (Fig. 55). Notes: goblets of Type 2 include the rim fragment of ID 7219/014-005 (Pl. 87: 7), which corresponds in shape, but shows scarce remains of a black paint on the exterior and is hand-built, and therefore marked with an asterisk (*). TIP P 2 TYPE P 3 Oblika: Pokali s širokim zgornjim delom trupa, ki je proti dnu lijakasto zožen. Nad največjim obodom posode so kratka, zaobljena ali le nekoliko napeta ramena, ki preidejo v navzven zapognjen, lahko kroglasto odebeljen rob ustja (sl. 44). Izdelava: Kot pokali tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/95. (t. 10:14; 25: 8; 34:2; 43:11; 69:9; 70:6; 71:7; 72:1;87:7; 89:10,16; 91:11; 95:21) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Poleg posameznih primerkov iz plasti stopnje zidu III se pokali tipa 2 pojavljajo v latenskih plasteh. Največ jih izhaja iz plasti a v sondi 5; zastopani pa so tudi v plasteh k prečnima zidovoma in v plasteh na zahodni terasi (sl. 55). Opombe: Med pokale tipa 2 je uvrščen tudi fragment ustja ID 7219/014-005 (t. 87: 7) s skromnimi ostanki črnega premaza na zunanji strani. Ker gre za fragment pokalom podobne posode, ki pa je bila izdelana prostoročno, je označen z *. Form: goblets with a wide upper part of the body that is moulded with horizontal indentations, rarely grooves or cordons, and narrows in a funnel-shaped manner towards the base, a conical or slightly rounded shoulder and a sometimes globularly thickened everted rim (Fig. 44). Manufacture: same as for the goblets of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/95. (Pls. 58: 14; 70: 5; 71: 6, 8, 9; 95: 25) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: apart from individual pieces from the layers associated with Wall III, these goblets were found in the La Tene layers, most numerously in Layer a v Trench 5, but also in the layer in Trench 6, the layer associated with the second crosswall and the layer associated with the wall on the western terrace (Fig. 55). TYPE P 4 TIP P 3 Oblika: Pokali s profiliranim, širokim zgornjim delom trupa, ki se proti dnu lijakasto zožuje. Trup je profiliran z vodoravnimi gubami, redko z žlebovi ali vodoravnimi rebri. Stožčasta ali rahlo zaobljena ramena se zaključujejo z navzven zapognjenim, lahko kroglasto odebeljenim robom ustja (sl. 44). Izdelava: Kot pokali tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/95. (t. 58: 14; 70: 5; 71: 6, 8, 9; 95:25) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Poleg posameznega primerka iz plasti stopnje zidu III se pokali tipa 3 pojavljajo v latenskih plasteh. Najpogosteje izvirajo iz plasti a v sondi 5; zastopani pa so tudi v plasti iz sonde 6, plasti k prečnemu zidu 2 in v plasti k zidu na zahodni terasi (sl. 55). Form: goblet bases that are slightly concave, widest at the base and showing a funnel-shaped widening into the body (Fig. 44). Manufacture: same as for the goblets of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/95. (Pls. 71: 5; 87: 5; 94:12) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in the La Tene layers, more precisely in Layer a in Trench 5, the layers associated with both crosswalls and the layer associated with the wall on the western terrace (Fig. 55). Notes: flat-based fragment of ID 6805/107-006 (Pl. 71: 5) probably also belonged to a goblet; it is marked with an asterisk (*). 302 Grahek 2013, 2/240 = 500. 146 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT TIP P 4 Oblika: Dna pokalov (sl. 44). Gre za rahlo vbočena dna, z navzven podaljšanim robom, ki lijakasto prehaja v steno pokala. Izdelava: Kot pokali tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/95. (t. 71: 5; 87: 5; 94:12) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvin Dna pokalov tipa 4 izvirajo le iz latenskih plasti. Zastopana so v plasti a iz sonde 5, plasteh k prečnima zidovoma in v plasti k zidu na zahodni terasi (sl. 55). Opombe: Pokalasti posodi je najverjetneje pripadalo tudi ravno dno ID 6805/107-006 (t. 71: 5), ki je označeno z *. 3.4.9 LONČKI (Lo) Lončki so majhne posode, ki jih Dular imenuje kupe303, po tipološki predlogi Horvatove pa ustrezajo čašam.304 Kljub temu, da so v Stični maloštevilni, razlikujemo med 2 tipoma lončkov. Oblika: Posode majhnih dimenzij s trupom, zožanim proti ravnemu dnu. Zaobljen rob ustja je usločen navzven ali navznoter. Glede na okras razlikujemo med neokrašenimi lončki tipa 1 (sl. 43: Lo 1) in lončki tipa 2 (sl. 43: Lo 2), ki imajo na trupu prostoročno, podolgovato oblikovane bradavice, redkeje podkvaste nalepke. Izdelava: Prostoročno, iz drobnozrnate lončarske mase izdelani lončki so bili najpogosteje redukcijsko žgani. Površina je gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/95. (t. 1: 9; 6: 9; 7:11; 12: 2, 18; 55: 8; 68:1) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Lončki so zastopani v plasteh k zidu I do vključno plasti k zidu II, pri čemer izvirajo lončki tipa 2 le iz plasti k zidu I (sl. 53). 3.4.10 ROČKE (Ro) Ročka je manjša globoka posoda, ki ima ob strani v • 305 ročaj. Na stiškem gradišču se pojavljata dva tipa ročk, pri čemer je za ročke tipa 2 (sl. 43: Ro 2) značilno, da imajo na ustju modeliran, navzven izvihan izliv. Oblika: Posode majhnih dimenzij z valjasto oblikovanim trupom, ki je proti dnu zožen. Na zaobljeni rob ustja je pritrjen paličast ali trakast ročaj (sl. 43: Ro). Ročaj je manjših dimenzij in le redko sega do spodnje polovice trupa. 303 Dular 1982, 12, sl. 1: 8. 304 Horvat 1999, 88. 305 Dular 1982, 12, 37, sl. 1: 6; t. 9: 80-84. 3.4.9 BEAKERS (Lo) A beaker is a small and deep vessel that Dular termed kupa,303 while Horvat termed it čaša.304 They were not recovered in great numbers at Stična and are here divided into two types. Form: beaker with a body that narrows towards a flat base, an either everted or inturned rim and a rounded lip. The beakers of Type 1 are undecorated (Fig. 43: Lo 1), while those of Type 2 (Fig. 43: Lo 2) bear elongated knobs, rarely horseshoe-shaped appliques on the body. Manufacture: hand-built; of fine-grained fabric; mostly fired in a reducing atmosphere; surface is smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/95. (Pls. 1: 9; 6: 9; 7:11; 12: 2, 18; 55: 8; 68:1) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in the layers associated with Wall I, Wall II and those between Walls I and II; those of Type 2 were only found in the layers associated with Wall I (Fig. 53). 3.4.10 PITCHERS (Ro) Pitchers are small deep vessels with a handle.305 The settlement at Stična yielded two types of pitchers; those of Type 2 (Fig. 43: Ro 2) differ from those of Type 1 (Fig. 43: Ro 1) in that they have a spout modelled out of the wall of the vessel. Form: small vessels with a cylindrical body narrowing towards the base, a rounded lip and a small handle, either strap handle or of a round cross section, that only rarely reaches down to the lower half of the body (Fig. 43: Ro). Manufacture: hand-built; of medium- or fine-grained fabric; fired in a reducing or an oxidising atmosphere; surface is smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/97. (Pls. 16: 3; 37: 12; 48: 21; 58: 1; 65:1; 66: 18; 71:12; 77: 9) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: pitchers of Type 1 were found in the layers even earlier than those associated with Wall II, as well as in the La Tene layers, while those of Type 2 were only found in the layers associated with Walls II and III (Fig. 53: D). Notes: pitchers of Type 1 include the fragments of ID 7218/022-005 and 7218/023-001 (Pl. 77: 9), of small vessels with a vertical rim, a flat lip and a cylindrical neck decorated with incision and bearing a small handle; they are marked with an asterisk (*). 303 Dular 1982, (12), 170, Fig. 1: 8. 304 Horvat 1999, 88. 305 Dular 1982, (12, 37), 170, 180, Fig. 1: 6; Pl. 9: 80-84. 147 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Izdelava: Prostoročno, iz drobno- ali finozrnate lončarske mase izdelane ročke so bile redukcijsko ali oksidacijsko žgane. Površina je gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/97. (t. 16: 3; 37: 12; 48: 21; 58: 1; 65:1; 66:18; 71: 12; 77: 9) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Medtem ko so ročke tipa 1 zastopane tako v plasteh starejših od zidu II kot tudi v latenskih plasteh, izvirajo ročke tipa 2 le iz plasti k zidu II in III (sl. 53). Opombe: K ročkam tipa 1 smo uvrstili tudi fragmenta ID 7218/022-005 in 7218/023-001 (t. 77: 9), ki sta označena z *. Gre za ostanke manjše posode z ravno odrezanim, pokončnim robom ustja in z vrezi okrašenim cilindričnim vratom, na katerem je pritrjen majhen ročaj. 3.4.11 LATVICE (La) Latvice so plitve posode, katerih glavna značilnost je navznoter zavihano ustje.306 So najpogostejša oblika plitve posode med stiško naselbinsko keramiko. Uvrščamo jih v skupino servisne keramike. M. Horvatova, ki se pri svojem tipološkem pristopu opira na proporcionalna razmerja oblik, uvršča latvice med skodele in sklede.307 Ta razdelitev je primerljiva z našim razlikovanjem med globokimi (La 1-10) in plitvimi latvicami (La 11-21). TIP La 1 Oblika: Globoke latvice z zaobljenimi rameni in daljšim, navznoter zapognjenim ustjem. Dolžina ustja je enaka najmanj 3-kratniku njegove debeline (sl. 45). Rob ustja je zaobljen. Izdelava: Prostoročno izdelane latvice so bile najpogosteje narejene iz finozrnate lončarske mase in redukcijsko žgane. Površina je gladka, lahko tudi povsem zglajena. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/97. (t. 23: 1; 27: 12; 40: 2; 41: 1; 42:11; 47: 8, 12; 58: 28; 67: 9; 73: 8; 83: 9) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Latvice tipa 1 so zastopane v vseh plasteh. Najpogosteje izvirajo iz plasti k zidu I in II (sl. 53). Opombe: Med latvicami tipa 1 izstopa latvica ID 6805/103-008 (t. 67: 9), ki je označena z *. Videti je, da ima ta latvica nekoliko krajše ustje, saj je bil njegov rob zapognjen rahlo navzdol. TIP La 2 Oblika: Globoke latvice z zaobljenimi rameni in krajšim, navznoter zapognjenim ustjem. Dolžina ustja je 306 Dular 1982, 14. 307 Horvat 1999, 85, 170: A1C, A1E. 3.4.11 DISHES WITH AN INTURNED RIM (La) The vessels termed dishes with an inturned rim or latvice in Slovenian are distinguished from others, as the name suggests, by their inturned rim.306 They are the commonest shallow vessels among the Stična settlement pottery and are considered as tableware. Horvat bases her typology on proportions and thus treats dishes with an inturned rim either as dishes or as bowls.307 This distinction is reflected here in the difference between the deep dishes of Types 1-10 and the shallow ones of Types 11-21. TYPE La 1 Form: deep dishes with a long inturned rim, the length of which is at least three times its thickness, a rounded lip and a rounded shoulder (Fig. 45). Manufacture: hand-built; mostly made of fine-grained fabric; mostly fired in a reducing atmosphere; surface is smooth, sometimes completely burnished. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/97. (Pls. 23:1; 27:12; 40: 2; 41: 1; 42:11; 47: 8, 12; 58:28; 67: 9; 73: 8; 83: 9) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers, most numerously in those associated with Walls I and II (Fig. 53). Notes: dish with an inturned rim of ID 6805/103-008 (Pl. 67: 9) stands apart from the others in its somewhat shorter, pronouncedly inturned rim; it is therefore marked with an asterisk (*). TYPE La 2 Form: deep dishes with a short inturned rim, the length of which is less than three times its thickness, a rounded, sometimes thinned lip and a rounded shoulder (Fig. 45). Manufacture: same as for the dishes with an inturned rim of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/97. (Pls. 4:3; 5:4; 6:14; 13:11; 26:6, 12; 30: 8; 45: 8; 46: 6; 49:1; 53: 5; 56:2; 62:11; 66:2) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers, by far most numerously in those associated with Wall I (Fig. 53). TYPE La 3 Form: deep dishes with an inturned rim, a rounded lip and a rounded shoulder (Fig. 45). 306 Dular 1982, (14), 171. 307 Horvat 1999, 85, 170: A1C, A1E. 148 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT manjša od 3-kratnika njegove debeline (sl. 45). Zaobljeni rob ustja je lahko tudi nekoliko stanjšan. Izdelava: Kot latvice tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/97. (t. 4:3; 5:4; 6:14; 13:11; 26:6, 12; 30: 8; 45: 8; 46: 6; 49:1; 53: 5; 56:2; 62:11; 66:2) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Latvice tipa 2 so zastopane v vseh plasteh, vendar daleč najpogosteje izvirajo iz plasti k zidu I (sl. 53). TIP La 3 Oblika: Globoke latvice z zaobljenimi rameni in navznoter polkrožno zapognjenim ustjem (sl. 45). Rob ustja je zaobljen. Izdelava: Kot latvice tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/97. (t. 1:8; 2:2; 16:15; 27:11; 32: 5; 36: 3, 8; 37: 2; 39: 8; 67: 8; 75: 4) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Latvice tipa 3 so bile najdene v vseh plasteh, a so najštevilčneje zastopane v plasteh k zidu I (sl. 53). TIP La 4 Oblika: Globoke latvice z zaobljenimi rameni in krajšim, navznoter zapognjenim ustjem, ki ima ravno odrezan rob (sl. 45). Izdelava: Kot latvice tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/98. (t. 26:13; 39: 4; 45:1) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvin Latvice tipa 4 so zastopane v plasteh k vsem trem zidovom. Najpogosteje izvirajo iz plasti k zidu I (sl. 53). TIP La 5 Oblika: Globoke latvice, ki imajo ostreje oblikovan prehod ramen v navznoter uvihano, lahko tudi nekoliko usločeno ustje (sl. 45). Rob ustja je navadno zaobljen. Latvice s kratkimi, nekoliko usločenim ustjem so označene kot latvice tipa 5a (La 5a). Izdelava: Kot latvice tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/98. (t. 8: 9; 29: 14; 52: 3; 67: 3; 79: 4) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Latvice tipa 5 so bile najdene v vseh plasteh. Številčneje so zastopane v plasti k zidu I; redki primerki latvic tipa 5a pa najverjetneje vsi izvirajo iz plasti k zidu II (sl. 53). Opombe: Ker so tako latvice tipa 5 kot tudi 5a praviloma neokrašene, je z * označena latvica ID 7117/019001 (t. 8: 9), ki ima na največjem obodu pritrjeno bradavico. Manufacture: same as for the dishes with an inturned rim of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/97. (Pls. 1: 8; 2:2; 16:15; 27:11; 32: 5; 36: 3, 8; 37: 2; 39: 8; 67: 8; 75: 4) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers, most numerously in those associated with Wall I (Fig. 53). TYPE La 4 Form: deep dishes with a short inturned rim, a flat lip and a rounded shoulder (Fig. 45). Manufacture: same as for the dishes with an inturned rim of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/98. (Pls. 26:13; 39: 4; 45:1) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in the layers associated with all three Hallstatt walls, most numerously in those associated with Wall I (Fig. 53). TYPE La 5 Form: deep dishes with an inturned rim, a lip that is usually rounded and a sharp shoulder-rim junction (Fig. 45). The bowls with a short inturned rim constitute Variant 5a (La 5a). Manufacture: same as for the dishes with an inturned rim of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/98. (Pls. 8: 9; 29: 14; 52: 3; 67: 3; 79: 4) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers, most numerously in those associated with Wall I. The rare pieces of Variant 5a were most probably all found in the layers associated with Wall II (Fig. 53). Notes: dishes with an inturned rim of Type 5 and Variant 5a are usually undecorated and the piece of ID 7117/019-001 (Pl. 8: 9), with a knob at maximum diameter, is therefore marked with an asterisk (*). TYPE La 6 Form: deep dishes with an inturned rim, a rounded lip, the orifice diameter only slightly smaller than maximum diameter and an only slightly rounded shoulder (Fig. 45). Manufacture: same as for the dishes with an inturned rim of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/98. (Pls. 4: 5; 13: 12; 20: 4; 21: 4; 52:14; 83: 8) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers, most numerously in those associated with Walls I and II (Fig. 53). Notes: dishes with an inturned rim of Type 6 are un-decorated, with the exception of the piece of ID 6806/060-001 (Pl. 52:14) with a slightly thickened 149 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT TIP La 6 Oblika: Globoke latvice z rahlo zaobljenimi rameni in zaobljenim robom ustja. Polmer odprtine je le nekoliko manjši od največjega oboda (sl. 45). Izdelava: Kot latvice tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/98. (t. 4: 5; 13: 12; 20: 4; 21: 4; 52:14; 83: 8) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Čeprav so bile latvice tipa 6 zastopane v vseh plasteh, večinoma izvirajo iz plasti k zidu I in II (sl. 53). Opombe: Razen latvice ID 6806/060-001 (t. 52:14), ki je označena z *, saj ima rahlo odebeljen rob ustja, na največjem obodu pa pritrjeno bradavico, so latvice tipa 6 neokrašene. TIP La 7 Oblika: Globoke latvice s podolgovato oblikovanimi bradavicami ali jezičastimi držaji (sl. 45), ki so najpogosteje pritrjeni na zaobljenih ramenih. Lahko so nameščeni v paru. Izdelava: Kot latvice tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/98. (t. 2:1; 4: 2; 5: 2; 35: 9; 44: 6; 52:2; 57: 5) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Latvice tipa 7 so zastopane v plasteh k vsem trem zidovom in v latenskih plasteh, vendar najpogosteje izvirajo iz plasti k zidu I in II (sl. 53). Opombe: Jezičast držaj je, kot pri latvici ID 6704/006-017 (t. 35: 9), na sredini lahko modeliran z odtisom prsta. TIP La 8 Oblika: Globoke latvice s plastičnim okrasom (sl. 45). Pojavljajo se kratka, vodoravno nalepljena, kratka, lahko tudi razčlenjena rebra, pokončno nalepljena rebra, podkvaste nalepke in kroglaste bradavice. Izdelava: Kot latvice tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/98. (t. 27: 10; 41: 2, 10; 42: 22; 53: 7; 67: 7) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Maloštevilne latvice tipa 8 izvirajo iz plasti k vsem trem zidovom, a so številč-neje zastopane le v plasteh k zidu II (sl. 53). TIP La 9 Oblika: Globoke latvice s pritrjenimi, različno oblikovanimi ušesci, ki so vodoravno predrta (sl. 45). Izdelava: Kot latvice tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/100. (t. 4: 1; 30:15; 41: 9; 47: 1; 69: 8; 84:10) rim and a knob applied at maximum diameter that is marked with an asterisk (*). TYPE La 7 Form: deep dishes with an inturned rim and elongated knobs or tongue-shaped lugs most frequently applied to the rounded shoulder (Fig. 45), sometimes in pairs. Manufacture: same as for the dishes with an inturned rim of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/98. (Pls. 2: 1; 4: 2; 5: 2; 35: 9; 44: 6; 52:2; 57: 5) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in the layers associated with all three Hallstatt walls and in the La Tene layers, most numerously in those associated with Walls I and II (Fig. 53). Notes: tongue-shaped lugs can bear a finger impression in the centre, as in the case of the dish with an inturned rim of ID 6704/006-017 (Pl. 35: 9). TYPE La 8 Form: deep dishes with an inturned rim with applied decoration comprising short horizontal cordons sometimes bearing impressions, vertical cordons, horseshoe-shaped appliques and round knobs (Fig. 45). Manufacture: same as for the dishes with an inturned rim of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/98. (Pls. 27: 10; 41: 2, 10; 42: 22; 53: 7; 67: 7) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: rare dishes of this type were found in the layers associated with all three Hallstatt walls, most numerously in those associated with Wall II (Fig. 53). TYPE La 9 Form: deep dishes with an inturned rim and applied horizontally perforated lugs of various shapes (Fig. 45). Manufacture: same as for the dishes with an inturned rim of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/100. (Pls. 4:1; 30:15; 41: 9; 47: 1; 69: 8; 84:10) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in the layers associated with Wall I, Wall II and those between Walls I and II (Fig. 53). Notes: this type includes the dish with an inturned rim of ID 6912/075-002 (Pl. 47:1) with a vertical tongue-shaped lug with traces of attempted perforation, marked with an asterisk (*). 150 Sl. 45: Latvice tipa 1-13. Fig. 45: Dishes with an inturned rim of Types 1-13. 151 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Latvice tipa 9 izvirajo iz plasti k zidu I do vključno plasti k zidu II (sl. 53). Opombe: Latvicam tipa 9 smo pridružili latvico ID 6912/075-002 (t. 47: 1), ki ima navpično pritrjen jezičast držaj, na katerem je videti sledi luknjanja oziroma poskus izdelave ušesca. Označena je z *. TIP La 10 Oblika: Globoke latvice s pritrjenimi ušesci, ki so navpično predrta (sl. 45). Izdelava: Kot latvice tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/100. (t. 76: 7) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Redke latvice tipa 10 izvirajo iz plasti k zidu I in II (sl. 53). TIP La 11 Oblika: Plitve latvice z zaobljenimi rameni in daljšim, navznoter zapognjenim ustjem (sl. 45). Ustje se proti zaobljenemu robu lahko postopoma tanjša. Ravno dno zaobljeno prehaja v trup. Latvice z vbočenim dnom so označene kot latvice tipa 11a (L 11a), zelo plitve latvice s polkrožno navznoter usločenim ustjem pa kot latvice tipa 11b (La 11b). Izdelava: Kot latvice tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/100. (t. 1:7,14; 2:8; 4:4; 6:5; 8:16; 11:14, 15; 14: 6, 14,15; 15:12,13; 16:2,12; 18: 5; 21: 3, 5; 24: 2, 14; 32: 6; 33:15; 35: 2, 4; 35:10; 37: 5; 39: 3; 40: 4; 42:18, 21; 45:2; 46:10; 47: 2; 48:1, 3; 55: 6; 59:1; 61:12; 65:7; 75:6; 76:8,14; 78:11; 81:4; 94:22) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Latvice tipa 11 so zastopane v vseh plasteh, vendar najpogosteje izvirajo iz plasti k zidu I do vključno plasti k zidu II (sl. 53). Opombe: Med latvicami tipa 11 izstopa latvica ID 6912/085-011 (t. 45: 2), ki je označena z *. Najverjetneje gre za fragmentarno ohranjeno latvico na nogi. Pripada ji namreč dno ID 6912/066-012 in 6912/070-020, ki ima na spodnji strani fragmentarno ohranjen prstanast rob. Slednji lahko predstavlja zgornji del noge ID 6912/086-001 (t. 45: 6). TIP La 12 Oblika: Plitve latvice z ostrim prehodom iz ramen v navznoter uvihano, lahko tudi nekoliko zaobljeno ustje (sl. 45). Ustje je proti zaobljenemu robu lahko stanjšano. Izdelava: Kot latvice tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/100. (t. 6: 13; 32: 7; 39: 11; 45: 9; 46:2; 55: 7; 69: 4, 7; 74:12; 76: 6; 83:10; 91:13) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Latvice tipa 12 so zastopane v vseh plasteh. Najpogosteje izvirajo iz plasti k zidu I (sl. 53). TYPE La 10 Form: deep dishes with an inturned rim and applied vertically perforated lugs (Fig. 45). Manufacture: same as for the dishes with an inturned rim of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/100. (Pl. 76: 7) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: rare dishes with an inturned rim of this type were found in the layers associated with Walls I and II (Fig. 53). TYPE La 11 Form: shallow dishes with a long inturned rim that can gradually become thinner towards the rounded lip, a rounded shoulder and a flat base with a rounded base-body junction (Fig. 45). The dishes with a concave base constitute Variant 11a (L 11a), while the very shallow dishes with a semicircularly inturned rim constitute Variant 11b (La 11b). Manufacture: same as for the dishes with an inturned rim of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/100. (Pls. 1: 7, 14; 2: 8; 4:4; 6: 5; 8: 16; 11:14, 15; 14: 6, 14, 15; 15:12, 13; 16: 2, 12; 18: 5; 21: 3, 5; 24:2, 14; 32: 6; 33:15; 35:2, 4; 35:10; 37: 5; 39: 3; 40: 4; 42: 18, 21; 45: 2; 46: 10; 47: 2; 48: 1, 3; 55: 6; 59: 1; 61: 12; 65: 7; 75: 6; 76: 8, 14; 78: 11; 81: 4; 94: 22) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers, most numerously in those associated with Wall I, Wall II and those between Walls I and II (Fig. 53). Notes: standing apart from others is the fragmented dish of ID 6912/085-011 (Pl. 45: 2), belonging to which are the base fragments of ID 6912/066-012 and 6912/070-020 that clearly indicate either a foot ring or a proper foot; it may have continued into the foot of ID 6912/086-001 (Pl. 45: 6). The dish is marked with an asterisk (*). TYPE La 12 Form: shallow dishes with an inturned and sometimes thickened rim that can be thinned towards the rounded lip and a sharp shoulder-rim junction (Fig. 45). Manufacture: same as for the dishes with an inturned rim of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/100. (Pls. 6: 13; 32: 7; 39: 11; 45: 9; 46:2; 55: 7; 69: 4, 7; 74:12; 76: 6; 83:10; 91:13) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers, most numerously in those associated with Wall I (Fig. 53). 152 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT TIP La 13 Oblika: Odprte, plitve latvice z zaobljenimi rameni in izjemno kratkim, le rahlo navznoter nagnjenim ustjem (sl. 45). Rob ustja je zaobljen, redkeje ravno odrezan. Izdelava: Kot latvice tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/102. (t. 12: 3; 21: 6; 72: 5) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Redke latvice tipa 13 so zastopane predvsem v plasteh k zidu I (sl. 53). TIP La 14 Oblika: Odprte, plitve latvice z zaobljenimi rameni in daljšim, le rahlo navznoter usločenim ustjem (sl. 46). Dolžina ustja je enaka ali večja od 2,5-kratnika njegove debeline. Rob ustja je zaobljen, redkeje ravno odrezan. Izdelava: Kot latvice tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/102. (t. 9: 5, 7; 81: 5; 86:13) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Latvice tipa 14 so zastopane v vseh plasteh, najpogosteje izvirajo iz plasti k zidu I in III (sl. 53). TIP La 15 Oblika: Plitve latvice z zaobljenimi rameni in navznoter zapognjenim ustjem, ki je ob robu z zunanje strani nekoliko stanjšano, tako da tvori poudarjen rob (sl. 46). Glede na rob ustja razlikujemo med dvema variantama. Latvice tipa 15a (La 15a) imajo stanjšan rob ustja, zapognjen nekoliko navzven, latvice tipa 15b (La 15b) pa imajo pokončnejši ali navznoter nagnjen rob. Redko so okrašene z bradavicami, lahko pa so premazane s črnim grafitnim premazom ali rdeče obarvane. Izdelava: Latvice, običajno izdelane iz finozrnate lončarske mase, so bile oblikovane na počasnem lončarskem vretenu ali izdelane prostoročno. Najpogosteje so bile redukcijsko žgane. Njihova lahko tudi rahlo porozna površina je gladka ali povsem zglajena. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/102. (t. 6: 4; 8: 12; 10: 6; 12: 11; 14:11; 26:11; 29: 7; 32: 8; 34:13; 37: 6; 56:17; 60: 6, 10; 62:10; 76: 5; 77: 5; 78: 4; 78: 5) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Latvice tipa 15 so zastopane v vseh plasteh, vendar pa izvirajo latvice tipa 15a najpogosteje iz plasti k zidu III, latvice tipa 15b pa iz plasti k zidu I (sl. 53). Opombe: Med latvicami tipa 15b izstopa latvica ID 7420/002-001 (t. 76: 5), ki je označena z *. Latvica ima rob ustja z zunanje strani le rahlo stanjšan, a jasno oddeljen z vodoravnim vrezom. Latvice tipa 15 sodijo med latvice tipa 4 po Dularju308. 308 Dular 1982, 76 s, t. 26: 258-262. TYPE La 13 Form: shallow dishes with a very short and only slightly inturned rim, a rounded, rarely flat lip and a rounded shoulder (Fig. 45). Manufacture: same as for the dishes with an inturned rim of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/102. (Pls. 12: 3; 21: 6; 72: 5) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: such dishes are rare and were predominantly found in the layers associated with Wall I (Fig. 53). TYPE La 14 Form: shallow dishes with a long and only slightly in-turned rim, the length of which is at least 2.5 times its thickness, a rounded, rarely flat lip and a rounded shoulder (Fig. 46). Manufacture: same as for the dishes with an inturned rim of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/102. (Pls. 9: 5, 7; 81: 5; 86:13) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers, most numerously in those associated with Walls I and III (Fig. 53). TYPE La 15 Form: shallow dishes with an inturned rim slightly thinned along the exterior and a rounded shoulder (Fig. 46). The shape of the rim suggests two variants: the rim of Variant 15a (La 15a) is thinned and slightly everted, while the rim of Variant 15b (La 15b) is either vertical or slightly inturned. They are rarely decorated with knobs and may be graphite coated or painted red. Manufacture: hand-built or thrown on the slow wheel; mostly of fine-grained fabric; mostly fired in a reducing atmosphere; slightly porous surface is smooth or completely burnished. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/102. (Pls. 6: 4; 8: 12; 10: 6; 12:11; 14:11; 26:11; 29: 7; 32: 8; 34:13; 37: 6; 56:17; 60: 6, 10; 62:10; 76: 5; 77: 5; 78: 4; 78: 5) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers, those of Variant 15a most numerously in the layers associated with Wall III, those of Variant 15b in the layers associated with Wall I (Fig. 53). Notes: standing apart from other Variant 15b dishes is that of ID 7420/002-001 (Pl. 76: 5) with the rim only slightly thinned from the exterior, but clearly separated from the shoulder by a horizontal incised line; marked with an asterisk (*). The dishes with an inturned rim of Type 15 correspond with those of Type 4 after Dular.308 308 Dular 1982, (76 f), 197, Pl. 26: 258-262. 153 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT TIP La 16 Oblika: Plitve latvice z vodoravno predrtimi ušesci (sl. 46). Najpogostejša so navpično pritrjena, ovalno oblikovana ušesca. Kot latvice tipa 16a (La 16a) so označene latvice z ušesci okrogle oblike, latvice tipa 16b (La 16b) pa imajo podolgovato oblikovana, vodoravna, lahko tudi razčlenjeno modelirana ušesca. Izdelava: Kot latvice tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/102. (t. 1:12, 13; 7: 7; 12:17; 13: 9,10; 22:7; 24:13; 34: 3; 35: 5; 58:29; 68:3, 6; 80:11) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Latvice tipa 16 so zastopane v vseh plasteh. Najpogosteje izvirajo iz plasti k zidu I do vključno plasti k zidu II (sl. 53). Opombe: Med latvicami tipa 16 izstopa latvica ID 7117/012-003 (t. 1: 13), ki nima navznoter zapo-gnjenega ustja, temveč je podobna odprtim latvi-cam tipa 14 ter je tako označena z *. Ker latvica ID 7016A/020-061 (t. 13: 10) ni imela izdelanega ušesca, temveč so na okrogli bradavici vidne le sledi poskusa preluknjanja, je tudi ta latvica tipa 16a označena z *. TIP La 17 Oblika: Plitve latvice z navpično predrtimi ušesci (sl. 46). Izdelava: Kot latvice tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/102. (t. 24: 8) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Redke latvice tipa 17 izvirajo predvsem iz plasti k zidu I in plasti med zidovoma I in II (sl. 53). TIP La 18 Oblika: Plitve latvice s kroglasto do podolgovato oblikovanimi bradavicami ali jezičastimi držaji (sl. 46), najpogosteje pritrjenimi na ramenih. Izdelava: Kot latvice tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/104. (t. 1: 6; 7: 8, 9; 9: 6; 13: 8; 30: 3; 32: 9; 33:13; 53: 6; 57: 6) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Latvice tipa 18 so zastopane v vseh plasteh. Najpogosteje izvirajo iz plasti k zidu I in II (sl. 53). Opombe: Med latvicami tipa 18 izstopa fragment ostenja latvice ID 7016B/011-008, ki ima podolgovato oblikovano bradavico ali manjši, navpično pritrjen jezičast držaj, in je tako označen z *.309 TIP La 19 Oblika: Latvice s fasetiranimi rameni in navznoter zapo-gnjenim ustjem (sl. 46). Razlikujemo med latvicami 309 Grahek 2013, 2/381 = 641. TYPE La 16 Form: shallow dishes with an inturned rim and mostly oval, vertical lugs with a horizontal perforation (Fig. 46). The dishes with round lugs constitute Variant 16a (La 16a), while those with elongated horizontal lugs that sometimes bear impressions constitute Variant 16b (La 16b). Manufacture: same as for the dishes with an inturned rim of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/102. (Pls. 1:12,13; 7: 7; 12:17; 13: 9,10; 22:7; 24:13; 34:3; 35:5; 58:29; 68: 3, 6; 80:11) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers, most numerously in those associated with Wall I, Wall II and those between Walls I and II (Fig. 53). Notes: standing apart is the dish with an only very slightly inturned rim of ID 7117/012-003 (Pl. 1:13) resembles the dishes with an inturned rim of Type 14, it is marked with an asterisk (*). The Variant 16a dish with an inturned rim of ID 7016A/020-061 (Pl. 13: 10) does not bear a lug, only a round knob, but this shows traces of perforation, it is therefore marked with an asterisk (*). TYPE La 17 Form: shallow dishes with an inturned rim and vertically perforated lugs (Fig. 46). Manufacture: same as for the dishes with an inturned rim of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/102. (Pl. 24: 8) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: these dishes are rare and were predominantly found in the layers associated with Wall I and those between Walls I and II (Fig. 53). TYPE La 18 Form: shallow dishes with an inturned rim and either round to elongated knobs or tongue-shaped lugs, usually applied at the shoulder (Fig. 6). Manufacture: same as for the dishes with an inturned rim of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/104. (Pls. 1: 6; 7: 8, 9; 9: 6; 13:8; 30: 3; 32: 9; 33:13; 53: 6; 57: 6) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers, most numerously in those associated with Walls I and II (Fig. 53). Notes: standing apart is the wall fragment of ID 7016B/011-008 with either an elongated knob or a small vertical tongue-shaped lug, it is marked with an asterisk (*).309 309 Grahek 2013, 2/381 = 641. 154 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT La 14 La 15 La 16 3 i 1 i? ~ J T 3 ) vJ i J € o ) a La 17 b (t k /f 1 \ 9 <( ) (1 \ ) i ' ) 3 X La 18 La 19 La 21 (( j~ un IRHBJif b c ) V La 20 a c J y) (( ! (( r"7 b b (( 1 'I v i m Po 1 ^ 1 Po 2 Po 4 a Q .rr* o h i i b PR XI / / — Po 3 X Po 5 J' - V a // A \ \ // Px \ // Sl. 46: Latvice tipa 14-21 in pokrovi. Fig. 46: Dishes with an inturned rim of Types 14-21 and lids. 155 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT tipa 19a (La 19a) s poševnimi fasetami in latvicami tipa 19b (La 19b), ki imajo ramena vodoravno fasetirana. Izdelava: Kot latvice tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/104. (t. 51:1; 73: 9; 77: 8) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Latvice tipa 19 so zastopane v vseh plasteh. Najpogosteje izvirajo iz plasti k zidu I (sl. 53). Opombe: Predvsem latvice tipa 19b so enake latvicam tipa 2 po Dularju310. TIP La 20 Oblika: Latvice z vodoravno kaneliranimi ali nažlebljeni-mi rameni in navznoter zapognjenim ustjem (sl. 46). Rob ustja je lahko nekoliko odebeljen ali z zunanje strani rahlo stanjšan. Razlikujemo med globokimi latvicami tipa 20a (La 20a) in plitvimi latvicami tipa 20b (La 20b). Izdelava: Kot latvice tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/104. (t. 32: 3; 59: 16; 60: 5; 64: 11; 75: 7) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Latvice tipa 20 so zastopane le v plasti k zidu II in III (sl. 53). TIP La 21 Oblika: Okrašene plitve latvice (sl. 46). Poleg posamičnih primerov z vtiskovanjem okrašenih latvic (odtis prsta in koleščka) razlikujemo med latvicami tipa 21a (La 21a) z vrezanim "cik-cakastim" okrasom in latvicami tipa 21b (La 21b), ki imajo ramena okrašena z navpičnimi žlebovi. Izdelava: Kot latvice tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/104. (t. 23: 9; 44: 8; 52: 11; 68: 11, 14; 74: 8) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Latvice tipa 21 se pojavijo v plasti med zidom I in II. Gre za latvice tipa 21b, ki jih v plasti k zidu II dopolnjujejo še druge latvice tipa 21. Skupno jih največ izhaja iz plasti k zidu III (sl. 53), vendar pa je treba vsak kos latvice tipa 21 in 21a obravnavati posamično. 3.4.12 SKODELE IN SKLEDE (Sk) Sklede so raznolike plitve posode, ki se po obliki ustja razlikujejo od latvic.311 Oblikovno so lahko enake skodelam, katerih glavna značilnost je ob strani pritrjen ročaj.312 Oboje uvrščamo v skupino fine, servisne keramike. 310 Dular 1982, 75 s, t. 26, 250-253. 311 Dular 1982, 14, sl. 1: 18. 312 Dular 1982, 15, sl. 1: 21. TYPE La 19 Form: dishes with an inturned rim and a facetted shoulder (Fig. 46). Those with oblique faceting constitute Variant 19a (La 19a) and those with horizontal faceting constitute Variant 19b (La 19b). Manufacture: same as for the dishes with an inturned rim of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/104. (Pls. 51:1; 73: 9; 77: 8) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers, most numerously in those associated with Wall I (Fig. 53). Notes: dishes with an inturned rim of Type 19 and even more so of Variant 19b correspond with those of Type 2 after Dular310. TYPE La 20 Form: dishes with an inturned rim that can be either slightly thickened or slightly thinned from the exterior and bear horizontal grooves on the shoulder (Fig. 46). The deep dishes with horizontal grooves constitute Variant 20a (La 20a) and their shallow counterparts constitute Variant 20b (La 20b). Manufacture: same as for the dishes with an inturned rim of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/104. (Pls. 32: 3; 59: 16; 60: 5; 64: 11; 75: 7) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: only found in the layers associated with Walls II and III (Fig. 53). TYPE La 21 Form: decorated shallow dishes with an inturned rim (Fig. 46). Individual examples bear impressions (of a finger and a roulette), but most are decorated either with zigzag incisions (Variant 21a) or with vertical grooves on the shoulder (Variant 21b). Manufacture: same as for the dishes with an inturned rim of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/104. (Pls. 23: 9; 44: 8; 52: 11; 68: 11, 14; 74: 8) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: dishes of Variant 21b first appear in the layers between Walls I and II. In the layers associated with Wall II, they are joined by other dishes of Type 21. They were most numerously found in the layers associated with Wall III (Fig. 53). That said, every piece of either Type 21 or Variant 21a has to be treated individually. 310 Dular 1982, (75 f), 196, Pl. 26, 250-253. 156 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Sklede iz stiškega gradišča obravnavamo skupaj s skodelami. Razmeroma redko zastopane skodele so vse obravnavane kot tip 1 (Sk 1), vendar pa na njihovo večjo številnost kažejo fragmenti ročajev, ki so uvrščeni v tip 2 (Sk 2). Pri skledah iz latenskih plasti, izdelanih iz dobro prečiščene in pregnetene, zelo finozrnate lončarske mase in oblikovanimi na hitrem lončarskem vretenu smo uspeli razlikovati med tremi tipi (Sk 12-Sk 14). Nerazvrščeni sta ostali skledi ID 6913/005-002 (t. 43: 4) in ID 6912/102-011 (t. 50: 7). Gre za posamični najdbi iz latenske plasti na jugozahodu naselja, ki sta označeni kot "Sk*".313 TIP Sk 1 Oblika: Skodele s presegajočim, trakastim ročajem (sl. 47). Kot skodele tipa 1a (Sk 1a) obravnavamo primerke s konično oblikovanim trupom, ostrim prehodom v stožčasta ramena in pokončnim vratom, ki se zaključi s pokončnim ali rahlo navzven nagnjenim robom ustja. Močno presegajoči ročaj povezuje rame in ustje. Skodele tipa 1b (Sk 1b) pa imajo zaobljen spodnji del, kratek usločen vrat, s kratkim izviha-nim ustjem in manjšim presegajočim ročajem, ki povezuje rame in ustje. Izdelava: Prostoročno izdelane skodele, najpogosteje iz finozrnate lončarske mase so bile redukcijsko žgane. Površina je gladka ali povsem zglajena. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/105. (t. 8: 4; 18:17; 35: 3; 45:12; 51: 4, 8, 9; 94: 9) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Skodele tipa 1 so skupno zastopane v vseh plasteh. Pri tem so skodele tipa 1a, ki izvirajo le iz plasti k zidu I do vključno k zidu II, najpogosteje zastopane med keramiko iz najstarejših plasti k zidu I. V mlajših plasteh k zidu I se pojavijo skodele tipa 1b, ki pogosto izvirajo iz plasti k zidu II in so zastopane tudi še v mlajših plasteh. Preostali primerki skodel, ki jih je treba obravnavati vsakega posebej, izvirajo bodisi iz plasti k zidu I, bodisi iz latenskih plasti (sl. 53). Opombe: Med skodelami izstopa mala polkrožna skodelica ID 6911/008-043 (t. 94: 9), ki je bila izkopana v latenski plasti in je označena z *. Enako je označena tudi globoka skleda ID 7016A/004-009 (t. 18: 17), ki je podobna skodelam, vendar ima namesto pre-segajočega ročaja na prehodu v ramena vodoravno rebro ter na njem bradavico, ki je lahko služila tudi kot držaj. Tako skodele tipa 1a kot tudi skodele tipa 1b so lahko okrašene, in sicer se pojavlja vrezan okras jelkove vejice. Skodele tipa 1a ustrezajo skodelam tipa 1 po Dularju314; skodelam tipa 1b pa lahko najdemo primerjave med skodelami tipa 2 po Dularju.315 313 Grahek 2013, 2/318 ss = 578 ss. 314 Dular 1982, 61, t. 21: 175-179. 315 Dular 1982, 61 s, t. 21: 180. 3.4.12 BOWLS AND DISHES (Sk) Dishes are various shallow vessels that differ from the dishes with an inturned rim in the shape of their rims.311 They are formally comparable with bowls, the main feature of which is the handle.312 Both dishes and bowls are considered as fineware. The dishes from the Stična settlement are treated jointly with bowls. The latter are relatively rare and joined to form Type 1 (Sk 1), while their more substantial presence is indicated by the fragments of handles that constitute Type 2 (Sk 2). The dishes from the La Tene layers are made of a refined, well-kneaded and very finegrained fabric and thrown on the fast wheel. I was able to distinguish between three types (Sk 12-Sk 14). Two dishes remained undetermined, of ID 6913/005-002 (Pl. 43: 4) and ID 6912/102-011 (Pl. 50: 7), which are individual finds from the La Tene layer in the south-western part of the settlement and marked with an asterisk (*).313 TYPE Sk 1 Form: bowls with a high strap handle (Fig. 47). Those with a conical body, a sharp body-shoulder junction, a conical shoulder, a cylindrical neck, a vertical or slightly everted rim and a very high handle applied at the shoulder and the rim constitute Variant 1a (Sk 1a). Those with a rounded lower body, a short curved neck, a short everted rim and a small high handle applied at the shoulder and the rim constitute Variant 1b (Sk 1b). Manufacture: hand-built; mostly of fine-grained fabric; fired in a reducing atmosphere; surface is smooth or completely burnished. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/105. (Pls. 8:4; 18:17; 35: 3; 45:12; 51: 4, 8, 9; 94: 9) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers. The bowls of Variant 1a were found in the layers associated with Wall I, Wall II and those between Walls I and II, most numerously in the earliest layers associated with Wall I. The bowls of Variant 1b appear in the later layers associated with Wall I, become more common in the layers associated with Wall II and continue to be present later. Other bowls, which require individual treatment, were found either in the layers associated with Wall I or in the La Tene layers (Fig. 53). Notes: standing apart is a small hemispherical cup of ID 6911/008-043 (Pl. 94: 9) found in a La Tene layer, it is marked with an asterisk (*). Also marked is the deep dish of ID 7016A/004-009 (Pl. 18:17) that is formally similar to bowls, but bears a horizontal cordon with a knob that may have served as a lug at 311 Dular 1982, (14), 171, Fig. 1: 18. 312 Dular 1982, (15), 171, Fig. 1: 21. 313 Grahek 2013, 2/318 ff = 578 ff. 157 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT TIP Sk 2 Oblika: Ročaji skodel (sl. 47). Razlikujemo med traka-stimi, lahko nekoliko usločenimi ali profiliranimi ročaji tipa 2a (Sk. 2a) in zoomorfno oblikovanimi ročaji tipa 2b (Sk 2b), ki imajo pritrjene rogove ali živalske glavice. Izdelava: Kot skodele tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/105. (t. 8: 8; 9:11; 19:15; 24:16; 34:15; 40:17; 47:13; 59: 7; 76:2; 80: 8) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Ročaji skodel tipa 2 so zastopani v vseh plasteh, pri tem se ročaji skodel tipa 2b s pritrjenimi živalskimi glavicami prvič pojavijo v najmlajših plasteh k zidu I, njihov delež pa naraste v plasteh k zidu II in III (sl. 53). Opombe: Med ročaje tipa 2b je uvrščen tudi fragment roga ID 7016B/011-010. Ker ne moremo z gotovostjo ugotoviti, ali gre za del ročaja skodele ali pa morda pripada drugi obliki posodja z zoomorfnim okrasom, je označen z *. Zlasti ročaje z živalskimi glavicami tipa 2b lahko pripišemo skodelam tipa 5 po Dularju.316 TIP Sk 3 Oblika: Sklede s poševno kaneliranimi rameni (sl. 47). Prehod trupa v rame je zaobljen, redkeje koničen. Ramena se nadaljujejo v stožčast vrat, ki se zaključi z zaobljenim robom ustja ali s kratkim izvihanim ustjem. Izdelava: Prostoročno, iz finozrnate lončarske mase izdelane sklede so bile najpogosteje redukcijsko žgane. Površina je gladka ali povsem zglajena. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/105. (t. 6: 3, 12; 9: 8; 14: 1; 20: 9; 47:15) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Sklede tipa 3 so zastopane v plasteh k vsem trem zidovom. Najpogosteje izvirajo iz plasti k zidu I in plasti med zidovoma I in II (sl. 53). Opombe: Skledam in skodeli ID 7117/020-001 (t. 6:3) tipa 3 smo pridružili skledo ID 7016A/018-009 (t. 14: 1), ki ima ramena okrašena s poševnimi fasetami in je zato označena z *. Skledam tipa 3 lahko najdemo primerjave med skledami tipa 4 po Dularju.317 TIP Sk 4 Oblika: Sklede z zaobljenimi rameni, ki so okrašena s poševno vglobljenimi širokimi žlebovi (sl. 47). Sklede z navpičnimi žlebovi na ramenih obravnavamo kot sklede tipa 4a (Sk 4a). Ramena se nadaljujejo v stožčast vrat, ki se zaključi z zaobljenim robom ustja ali s kratkim izvihanim ustjem. 316 Dular 1982, 64 s, t. 22: 197-202. 317 Dular 1982, 70 s., t. 24: 219-225. the rim-shoulder junction instead of a high handle. The bowls of both variants can be decorated, with an incised pine-sprig motif. The bowls of Variant 1a correspond with those of Type 1 after Dular,314 while comparable vessels for the bowls of Variant 1b may be found among those of Type 2 after Dular.315 TYPE Sk 2 Form: bowl handles (Fig. 47). I distinguish between strap, sometimes slightly curved or moulded handles of Variant 2a (Sk 2a) and zoomorphic handles with horns or animal heads of Variant 2b (Sk 2b). Manufacture: same as for the bowls of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/105. (Pls. 8: 8; 9:11; 19:15; 24:16; 34:15; 40:17; 47:13; 59: 7; 76:2; 80: 8) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers. The handles of Variant 2b with animal heads appear in the last layers associated with Wall I and become more numerous in the layers associated with Walls II and III (Fig. 53). Notes: the handles of Variant 2b include a fragment of a horn of ID 7016B/011-010, though it might also have originally formed part of another vessel form with zoomorphic decoration; it is therefore marked with an asterisk (*). The handles, particularly those of Variant 2b with animal heads correspond with the bowls of Type 5 after Dular.316 TYPE Sk 3 Form: dishes with oblique shallow grooves on the shoulder, a rounded and rarely conical body-shoulder junction, a conical neck, a short everted rim and a rounded lip (Fig. 47). Manufacture: hand-built; of fine-grained fabric; mostly fired in a reducing atmosphere; surface is smooth or completely burnished. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/105. (Pls. 6: 3, 12; 9: 8; 14: 1; 20: 9; 47:15) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in the layers associated with all three Hallstatt walls, most numerously in those associated with Wall I and those between Walls I and II (Fig. 53). Notes: dishes and bowl of ID 7117/020-001 (Pl. 6: 3) of Type 3 were treated together with a dish of ID 7016A/018-009 (Pl. 14:1) which has oblique faceting on the shoulder and is therefore marked with an asterisk (*). Comparisons for the dishes of Type 3 can be found among those of Type 4 after Dular.317 314 Dular 1982, (61), 191, Pl. 21: 175-179. 315 Dular 1982, (61 f),192, Pl. 21: 180. 316 Dular 1982, (64 f), 192, Pl. 22: 197-202. 317 Dular 1982, (70 f), 195, Pl. 24: 219-225. 158 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Izdelava: Sklede so bile običajno iz finozrnate lončarske mase izdelane prostoročno ali oblikovane na počasnem lončarskem vretenu. Najpogosteje so bile redukcijsko žgane. Površina je bila gladka ali povsem zglajena. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/106. (t. 19: 16; 21: 7; 44: 12; 63: 4; 76: 4) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Sklede tipa 4 in 4a izvirajo iz vseh plasti, a je treba obravnavati vsak primerek posebej. Kljub temu je videti, da so sklede tipa 4 pogosteje zastopane v plasti k zidu II in III, sklede tipa 4a pa izvirajo predvsem iz plasti k zidu I do vključno plasti k zidu II (sl. 53). Opombe: Skledam tipa 4a smo pridružili fragmenta ID 6913/S05-004 (t. 44:12), ki sta označena z *. Gre za ostenje na počasnem lončarskem vretenu izdelane male sklede, ki je imela dno ID 6913/S05-005 na sredini vbočeno z odtisom prsta. Skledam tipa 4 in 4a najdemo primerjave med skledami tipa 4 po Dularju.318 TIP Sk 5 Oblika: Sklede s širokimi, zaobljenimi rameni in trupom, ki je proti dnu močno zožan. Rame so lahko s klekom oddeljene od stožčastega vratu (sl. 47). Zaobljen rob ustja je zapognjen navzven. Sklede so redko okrašene z vrezi, odtisi in bradavicami ali pa premazane z grafitnim premazom. Izdelava: Kot sklede tipa 4. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/106. (t. 12:12; 13:13; 14:2; 17: 6, 14; 22: 8; 25:11; 34:14; 59: 6, 14; 65: 8) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Sklede tipa 5 so zastopane v vseh plasteh. Glede na skupno število vseh najdb so v plasteh k halštatskim zidovom zastopane relativno enakomerno, se pa njihov delež zmanjša v latenskih plasteh (sl. 53). TIP Sk 6 Oblika: Sklede bikonične oblike, z usločenim vratom in kratkim, izvihanim ustjem (sl. 47). Izdelava: Kot sklede tipa 3. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/106. (t. 12: 4; 32: 10; 33: 2; 78: 12; 84: 9) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvin Sklede tipa 6 so zastopane v vseh plasteh. Najpogosteje izvirajo iz plasti k zidu III (sl. 53). Opombe: Med skledami tipa 6 izstopa skleda ID 7218/027002 (t 78:12) z nekoliko usločenim vratom, ki prehaja v pokončno ustje. Označena je z *. Sklede tipa 6 lahko primerjamo s skledami tipa 3 po Dularju.319 318 Dular 1982, 70 s, t. 24: 219, 223. 319 Dular 1982, 69 s, t. 23: 216-218. TYPE Sk 4 Form: dishes with a rounded shoulder decorated with wide oblique grooves (Fig. 47), a conical neck, a short everted rim or a vertical rim with a rounded lip. The dishes with vertical grooves on the shoulder constitute Variant 4a (Sk 4a). Manufacture: hand-built or thrown on the slow wheel; mostly of fine-grained fabric; mostly fired in a reducing atmosphere; surface is smooth or completely burnished. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/106. (Pls. 19: 16; 21: 7; 44:12; 63: 4; 76: 4) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers but requiring individual treatment. A cursory look suggests that the dishes of Type 4 were most numerously found in the layers associated with Walls II and III and those of Variant 4a most numerously in the layers associated with Wall I, Wall II and those between Walls I and II (Fig. 53). Notes: two fragments of ID 6913/S05-004 and 6913/ S05-005 (Pl. 44: 12), of a dish thrown on the slow wheel, are treated together with the dishes of Variant 4a, but show a concave base (ID 6913/S05-005) with a central finger impression and are therefore marked with an asterisk (*). The dishes of Type 4 and Variant 4a correspond most closely with those of Type 4 after Dular.318 TYPE Sk 5 Form: dishes with a wide and rounded shoulder, a body that narrows considerably towards the base, a carinated shoulder-neck junction (Fig. 47), a conical neck, an inturned rim, a rounded lip and only rarely decorated with incisions, impressions or knobs, sometimes graphite coated. Manufacture: same as for the dishes of Type 4. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/106. (Pls. 12: 12; 13:13; 14: 2; 17: 6, 14; 22: 8; 25:11; 34:14; 59: 6, 14; 65: 8) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers, in equal shares in the layers associated with the three Hallstatt walls and less numerously in the La Tene layers (Fig. 53). TYPE Sk 6 Form: biconical dishes with a curved neck and a short everted rim (Fig. 47). Manufacture: same as for the dishes of Type 3. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/106. (Pls. 12: 4; 32: 10; 33: 2; 78: 12; 84: 9) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers, most numerously in those associated with Wall III (Fig. 53). 318 Dular 1982, (70 f), 195, Pl. 24: 219, 223. 159 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT TIP Sk 7 Oblika: Sklede s kroglasto oblikovanim trupom. Nad zaobljenimi rameni je kratko izvihano, redko pokončno ustje (sl. 47). Izdelava: Kot sklede tipa 4. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/106. (t. 48: 9; 57: 7; 73: 3; 74:17) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Sklede tipa 7 izvirajo iz vseh plasti. Posamično se pojavijo le v plasti k zidu II (sl. 53). Opombe: Sklede tipa 7 so primerljive s skledami tipa 2 po Dularju.320 TIP Sk 8 Oblika: Sklede z zaobljenimi rameni in trupom, ki je proti dnu močno zožan. Na ramenih je pokončen vrat z zaobljenim robom ustja (sl. 47). Izdelava: Kot sklede tipa 3. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/106. (t. 7:10; 44: 4; 55: 5; 68:10) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvin Sklede tipa 8 so zastopane v vseh plasteh. Najpogosteje izvirajo iz plasti k zidu II (sl. 53). TIP Sk 9 Oblika: Sklede z rahlo napetimi, zaobljenimi rameni in trupom, ki je proti dnu nekoliko zožan. Na ramenih je lijakast vrat z nekoliko navzven zapognjenim robom ustja (sl. 47). Zunanja površina je lahko rdeče barvana ali premazana z grafitnim premazom. Izdelava: Kot sklede tipa 4. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/108. (t. 5: 5; 19: 5; 45:13; 54:14) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Sklede tipa 9 so zastopane v vseh plasteh (sl. 53). Pri tem se prostoročno izdelane sklede pojavljajo predvsem v plasteh k zidu I in II, na počasnem vretenu izdelane sklede pa izvirajo iz latenskih plasti.321 Opombe: Skleda ID 6912/093-002 ima na prehodu ramen v vrat pritrjeno manjšo bradavico in je označena z *.322 TIP Sk 10 Oblika: Sklede z nagubanimi rameni in trupom (sl. 47), ki je proti dnu močno zožen. Usločen vrat zaključuje kratko izvihano, redkeje pokončno usmerjeno ustje. Izdelava: Kot sklede tipa 3. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/108. (t. 8:17; 66: 3; 77: 4) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Posamezne sklede tipa 10 izvirajo iz žganinske plasti v hiši na prečnem obzidju, 320 Dular 1982, 68 s, t. 23: 213-215. 321 Grahek 2013, 2/185 ss = 445 ss. 322 Grahek 2013, 2/316 = 576. Notes: standing apart is the dish of ID 7218/027-002 (t 78: 12) with a slightly curved neck and a vertical rim, and is therefore marked with an asterisk (*). The dishes of Type 6 correspond with the dishes of Type 3 after Dular.319 TYPE Sk 7 Form: dishes with a globular body, a rounded shoulder and a short everted, rarely vertical rim (Fig. 47). Manufacture: same as for the dishes of Type 4. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/106. (Pls. 48: 9; 57: 7; 73: 3; 74:17) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers, individually only in those associated with Wall II (Fig. 53). Notes: dishes of Type 7 correspond with those of Type 2 after Dular.320 TYPE Sk 8 Form: dishes with a rounded shoulder, a body that narrows considerably towards the base, a cylindrical neck and a rounded lip (Fig. 47). Manufacture: same as for the dishes of Type 3. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/106. (Pls. 7:10; 44: 4; 55: 5; 68:10) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers, most numerously in those associated with Wall II (Fig. 53). TYPE Sk 9 Form: dishes with a slightly curved or rounded shoulder, a body that narrows slightly towards the base, a funnel-shaped neck, an everted rim and the exterior surface that can be painted red or graphite coated (Fig. 47). Manufacture: same as for the dishes of Type 4. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/108. (Pls. 5: 5; 19: 5; 45:13; 54:14) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers (Fig. 53); the hand-built dishes were mostly found in the layers associated with Walls I and II, those thrown on the slow wheel in the La Tene layers.321 Notes: dish of ID 6912/093-002 has a small knob applied at the shoulder-neck junction and is therefore marked with an asterisk (*).322 TYPE Sk 10 Form: dishes with an indented shoulder (Fig. 47), a body that narrows considerably towards the base, a curved neck and a short everted, rarely vertical rim. 319 Dular 1982, (69 f), 195, Pl. 23: 216-218. 320 Dular 1982, (68 f), 195, Pl. 23: 213-215. 321 Grahek 2013, 2/185 ff = 445 ff. 322 Grahek 2013, 2/316 = 576. 160 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Sl. 47: (Skodele in) sklede tipa 1-14. Fig. 47: (Bowls and) dishes of Types 1-14. 161 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT plasti k zidu III in iz latenske plasti (sl. 53). Ker gre za raznolike primerke nagubanih skled, je treba obravnavati vsako posebej. Opombe: Sklede tipa 10 se od fragmentov posod z nagubanim ostenjem, ki smo jih obravnavali pri ciborijih tipa 4a razlikujejo po velikosti in oblikovanosti spodnjega dela trupa. Primerjave jim najdemo med skledami tipa 5 po Dularju.323 TIP Sk 11 Oblika: Sklede lijakaste oblike (sl. 47). Vsaj nekoliko navzven usmerjeno ustje je najobičajneje ravno odrezano. Sklede so lahko okrašene z odtisi ali plastičnimi nalepkami. Izdelava: Prostoročno izdelane sklede so bile najpogosteje iz drobnozrnate lončarske mase in redukcijsko ali oksidacijsko žgane. Površina je gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/108. (t. 4: 6; 32:11; 34: 4; 58: 6) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Redke sklede tipa 11 izvirajo predvsem iz plasti k zidu III (sl. 53). Opombe: Med skledami tipa 11 izstopa skleda ID 6703/047-013 (t. 32: 11), ki ima pod robom ustja pritrjen par jezičastih držajev in je označena z *. Enako je označen posamičen primerek prostoročno izdelane sklede ID 7117/027-108 (t. 4: 6), polkrožne oblike, z izvihanim, na notranji strani polkrožno odebeljenim ustjem. TIP Sk 12 Oblika: Sklede z zaobljenimi rameni, cilindričnim ali nekoliko lijakasto oblikovanim vratom ter navzven zapognjenim robom ustja. Polmer ustja je večji od 6,5 cm. Trup je proti dnu izrazito zožen. Prehod ramen v vrat je močno poudarjen ali vsaj klekasto oblikovan (sl. 47). Izdelava: Na lončarskem vretenu, iz dobro prečiščene in pregnetene, zelo finozrnate lončarske mase izdelane sklede so bile najpogosteje žgane ob menjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končnim dimljenjem ali pa so bile žgane oksidacijsko s končnim dimljenjem. Površina je gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/108. (t. 38: 3; 62: 8; 70:10; 86: 5; 87: 3; 90: 2) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Sklede tipa 12 se pojavljajo v latenskih plasteh. Zastopane so v plasti iz sonde 6, plasti a iz sonde 5 in v plasti pred zidom na zahodni terasi; najpogosteje izvirajo iz plasti na prečnem obzidju (sl. 55). Opombe: Med skledami tipa 12 izstopa skleda ID 7219/005-001 (t. 87: 3), ki ima lijakasto izvihano ustje in je označena z *. 323 Dular 1982, 71 s, t. 24: 226-232. Manufacture: same as for the dishes of Type 3. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/108. (Pls. 8:17; 66: 3; 77: 4) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: individual pieces were found in the layer of burnt material in the house at the crosswall, the layers associated with Wall III and in the La Tene layer (Fig. 53). The type is varied and the dishes require individual treatment. Notes: dishes of Type 10 differ from the fragments of indented vessels treated as part of the footed bowls of Variant 4a in size and shape of the lower body. Parallels can be found among the dishes of Type 5 after Dular.323 TYPE Sk 11 Form: funnel-shaped dishes (Fig. 47) with an at least slightly everted rim, a predominantly flat lip and possibly decorated with either impressions or appliques. Manufacture: hand-built; mostly of fine-grained fabric; mostly fired in a reducing or an oxidising atmosphere; surface is smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/108. (Pls. 4: 6; 32:11; 34: 4; 58: 6) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: these dishes are rare and mostly found in the layers associated with Wall III (Fig. 53). Notes: standing apart is the dish of ID 6703/047-013 (Pl. 32: 11) with a pair of tongue-shaped lugs applied below the rim and therefore marked with an asterisk (*). Also marked is a hand-built hemispherical dish of ID 7117/027-108 (Pl. 4: 6) with an everted and internally semicircularly thickened rim. TYPE Sk 12 Form: dishes with a rounded shoulder, a cylindrical or slightly funnel-shaped neck, an everted rim with a radius exceeding 6.5cm, a body that narrows considerably towards the base and a pronounced or carinated shoulder-neck junction (Fig. 47). Manufacture: wheel-thrown; of refined, well-kneaded and very fine-grained fabric, mostly fired either in an interchanging reducing and oxidising atmosphere with final smoking or in an oxidising atmosphere with final smoking; surface is smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/108. (Pls. 38: 3; 62: 8; 70: 10; 86: 5; 87: 3; 90: 2) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in the La Tene layers, more precisely in the layer in Trench 6, Layer a in Trench 5 and the layer before the wall on the western terrace, but most numerously in the layers associated with both crosswalls (Fig. 55). Notes: standing apart is the dish of ID 7219/005-001 (Pl. 87: 3) with a funnel-shaped rim and therefore marked with an asterisk (*). 323 Dular 1982, (71 f), 195, Pl. 24: 226-232. 162 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT TIP Sk 13 Oblika: Sklede z zaobljenimi rameni, cilindričnim ali stožčastim vratom ter navzven zapognjenim robom ustja. Polmer ustja je manjši od 6,5 cm (sl. 47). Izdelava: Kot sklede tipa 12. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/108. (t. 70: 9; 89:19) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Sklede tipa 13 se pojavljajo izključno v latenskih plasteh. S posameznimi primerki so zastopane v plasteh iz sonde 5; številčnejše pa so zastopane v plasteh na zahodni terasi in plasteh na prečnem obzidju. Tu se njihov delež poveča v plasti k prečnemu zidu 2 oziroma na zahodni terasi v plasti k zidu (sl. 55). Opombe: Med skledami tipa 13 izstopa bikonična skleda s konkavno usločenim, stožčastim vratom ID 6805/111-027 = 6805/107-012 = 6805/108-004 (t. 70: 9), ki je označena z *. TIP Sk 14 Oblika: Sklede lijakaste oblike z navzven zapognjenim, lahko sploščenim robom ustja (sl. 47). Izdelava: Na lončarskem vretenu, iz dobro prečiščene in pregnetene, zelo finozrnate lončarske mase izdelane sklede so bile večinoma redukcijsko žgane. Površina je gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/109. (t. 62: 5; 85:10; 93: 5) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Sklede tipa 14 se pojavljajo v latenskih plasteh. Na zahodni terasi so posamično zastopane tako v plasti pred postavitvijo zidu kot tudi v plasti k samemu zidu (sl. 55). Opombe: Med skledami tipa 14 izstopa fragment ustja ID 7219/019-001 (t. 85:10), ki izvira iz ruševinske plasti najmlajše halštatske hiše iz sonde 19. Ker se od preostalih razlikuje tako po gobasto odebeljenem robu ustja kot tudi po rahlo vglobljenem okrasu poševnih črtic na notranji strani, je označen z *.324 3.4.13 POSEBNE OBLIKE POSODJA (pos. obl.) Med stiško naselbinsko keramiko smo prepoznali posamične dele cedil (sl. 48: pos. obl. 1; t. 17: 7; 29: 2; 74: 4) in fragment lijaka (sl. 48: pos. obl. 2; t. 61:18). Posebne oblike posodja, ki so bile izdelane prostoročno iz drobnozrnate lončarske mase in z izjemo oksidacijsko žganega lijaka redukcijsko žgane, izvirajo iz plasti k zidu III in latenskih plasti (sl. 53). TYPE Sk 13 Form: dishes with a rounded shoulder, a cylindrical or conical neck and an everted rim with a radius smaller than 6.5cm (Fig. 47). Manufacture: same as for the dishes of Type 12. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/108. (Pls. 70: 9; 89:19) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: only found in the La Tene layers; individual pieces were found in the layers in Trench 5, more were found in the layers on the western terrace and those associated with both crosswalk. Here, most came to light in the layer associated with the second crosswall and in the layer associated with the wall on the western terrace (Fig. 55). Notes: standing apart is the biconical dish of ID 6805/111— 027 = 6805/107-012 = 6805/108-004 (Pl. 70:9) that has a curved conical neck and is therefore marked with an asterisk (*). TYPE Sk 14 Form: funnel-shaped dishes with an everted and slightly flattened rim (Fig. 47). Manufacture: wheel-thrown; of refined, well-kneaded and very fine-grained fabric; mostly fired in a reducing atmosphere; surface is smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/109. (Pls. 62: 5; 85:10; 93: 5) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in the La Tene layers, mostly on the western terrace, where they were found individually both in the layer predating the construction of the wall and in the layer associated with the wall itself (Fig. 55). Notes: standing apart is the rim fragment of ID 7219/019001 (Pl. 85: 10), found in the debris layer of the latest Hallstatt house in Trench 19. It differs in the mushroom-shaped thickening on the rim and the slight oblique grooves on the interior and is therefore marked with an asterisk (*).324 3.4.13 OTHER VESSEL FORMS (pos. obl.) The Stična settlement pottery includes several parts of colanders (Fig. 48: pos. obl. 1; Pls. 17:7; 29:2; 74:4) and a fragment of a funnel (Fig. 48: pos. obl. 2; Pls. 61:18). These colanders and the funnel were all hand-built of a fine-grained fabric. The funnel was fired in an oxidising atmosphere and the colanders in a reducing atmosphere. They were found in the layers associated with Wall III and in the La Tene layers (Fig. 53). 324 Grahek 2013, 2/428 = 688. 324 Grahek 2013, 2/428 = 688. 163 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT 3.4.14 POKROVI (Po) S posodjem povezana keramična oblika so pokrovi, ki pa so v Stični razmeroma maloštevilni in težko prepoznavni. Poleg posameznih fragmentov pokrovov, ki so pokrivali rdeče-črno barvane ciborije in so bili obravnavani skupaj s to vrsto posod, smo preostale prostoročno izdelane pokrove razvrstili v 3 tipe. Kot pokrove tipa 4 obravnavamo držaje oziroma čepe pokrovov; tipa 5 in 6 pa predstavljajo na hitrem lončarskem vretenu izdelani pokrovi iz latenskih plasti. TIP Po 1 Oblika: Pokrovi stožčaste oblike s pogosto ravno odrezanim robom ustja (sl. 46). Kot pokrove tipa 1a (Po 1a) obravnavamo pokrove stožčaste oblike, a z rahlo napetim ostenjem. Izdelava: Iz drobnozrnate lončarske mase prostoročno izdelani pokrovi so bili oksidacijsko ali redukcijsko žgani. Lahko rahlo porozna površina je gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/109. (t. 2: 9; 6: 6; 23: 7; 25:12; 29: 8; 30:10; 66:15) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Pokrovi tipa 1 so zastopani v vseh plasteh, vendar najpogosteje izvirajo iz plasti k zidu I (sl. 54). Opombe: Pokrove tipa 1 lahko primerjamo s pokrovi tipa 2 po Dularju.325 TIP Po 2 Oblika: Pokrovi nizke, stožčaste oblike z zaobljenimi rameni in navpično usmerjenim, ravno odrezanim ustjem (sl. 46). Izdelava: Iz fino- ali drobnozrnate lončarske mase prostoročno izdelani pokrovi so bili oksidacijsko ali redukcijsko žgani. Lahko rahlo porozna površina je gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/109. (t. 78: 6; 79:10) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Pokrovi tipa 2 so zastopani v plasteh k zidu I in tik nad njim ter v plasteh k zidu III in latenskih plasteh, od koder tudi najpogosteje izvirajo (sl. 54). Opombe: Pokrove tipa 2 lahko primerjamo s pokrovi tipa 3 po Dularju.326 TIP Po 3 Oblika: Pokrovi kupolaste oblike z navzven odebeljenim robom ustja (sl. 46). 325 Dular 1982, 78, t. 27: 268. 326 Dular 1982, 79, t. 27: 271, 273. 3.4.14 LIDS (Po) A ceramic form closely connected with vessels is that of lids. Not many were found at Stična and they are not easily identifiable. Some of them have already been treated above as they covered the black-on-red painted footed bowls. Others, all hand-built, are divided into three types. Discussed as Type 4 are the lid knobs, while Types 5 and 6 comprise the lids thrown on the fast wheel from the La Tene layers. TYPE Po 1 Form: conical lids frequently with a flat lip (Fig. 46). The conical lids with a slightly curved wall constitute Variant 1a (Po 1a). Manufacture: hand-built; of fine-grained fabric; fired in an oxidising or a reducing atmosphere; slightly porous surface is smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/109. (Pls. 2: 9; 6: 6; 23: 7; 25: 12; 29: 8; 30:10; 66:15) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers, most numerously in those associated with Wall I (Fig. 54). Notes: lids of Type 1 are comparable with those of Type 2 after Dular.325 TYPE Po 2 Form: low conical lids with a rounded shoulder, a vertical rim and a flat lip (Fig. 46). Manufacture: hand-built; of fine- and medium-grained fabric; fired in an oxidising or a reducing atmosphere; sometimes slightly porous surface is smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/109. (Pls. 78: 6; 79:10) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in the layers associated with Wall I and just above the wall, as well as in the layers associated with Wall III; but most numerously in the La Tene layers (Fig. 54). Notes: lids of Type 2 are comparable with those of Type 3 after Dular.326 TYPE Po 3 Form: domed lids with an externally thickened rim (Fig. 46). Manufacture: hand-built; of medium- or fine-grained fabric; fired in an oxidising atmosphere; surface is smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/110. (Pls. 2: 3; 22:12) 325 Dular 1982, (78), 198, Pl. 27: 268. 326 Dular 1982, (79), 198, Pl. 27: 271, 273. 164 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Izdelava: Iz drobno- ali finozrnate lončarske mase prostoročno izdelani pokrovi so bili oksidacijsko žgani. Površina je gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/110. (t. 2: 3; 22:12) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Redki primerki pokrovov tipa 3 izvirajo iz plasti k zidu I ali tik nad njim ter iz plasti k zidu III (sl. 54). TIP Po 4 Oblika: Držaji pokrovov (sl. 46). Razlikujemo med na zgornji strani ravno oblikovanimi gumbastimi držaji tipa 4a (Po 4a) in čašasto oblikovanimi, na vrhu vbočenimi gumbastimi držaji (Po 4b). Držaji so lahko na sredini navpično preluknjani. Izdelava: Iz fino- ali drobnozrnate lončarske mase prostoročno izdelani pokrovi so bili redukcijsko ali oksidacijsko žgani. Površina je gladka in lahko rahlo porozna. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/110. (t. 15: 19; 24: 19; 51: 5; 54: 7; 56: 8; 66:19; 94:13) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvin Držaji pokrovov tipa 4 so zastopani v vseh plasteh, pri čemer najpogosteje izvirajo iz latenskih plasti (sl. 54). Opombe: K držajem tipa 4a smo pridružili posamičen primerek gumbastega zaključka, na lončarskem vretenu izdelanega pokrova ID 6802/097-009 (t. 66:19), ki je označen z *. TIP Po 5 Oblika: Pokrovi stožčaste oblike z navzven nekoliko ojačanim in na spodnji strani profiliranim robom ustja (sl. 46). Izdelava: Na lončarskem vretenu, običajno iz drobnozrna-te lončarske mase izdelani, pogosto porozni pokrovi so bili običajno redukcijsko žgani. Površina je gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/110. (t. 42: 20; 70:12; 71:15) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Z izjemo posamičnega primerka iz plasti k zidu III se pokrovi tipa 5 pojavljajo v latenskih plasteh. Zastopani so v plasti b iz sonde 5 in plasteh na zahodni terasi, pri čemer jih največ izvira iz plasti k tamkajšnjemu zidu (sl. 55). 3.4.15 DNA (d) Dna posod razvrščamo glede na način izdelave in obliko. Pri opisovanju oblike se ravnamo po navodilih Horvatove.327 Najpogosteje gre za dna globokih posod iz skupine bolj grobe kuhinjske keramike, najverjetneje loncev. Če je ugotovljeno, da posamezni tip dna pripada kateri izmed oblik servisnega posodja, je to navedeno v 327 Horvat 1999, 90 ss, 191 ss. Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: lids of this type are rare and were found in the layers associated with Wall I or just above the wall, but also in the layers associated with Wall III (Fig. 54). TYPE Po 4 Form: lid knobs (Fig. 46). The flat knobs constitute Variant 4a (Po 4a) and the concave ones constitute Variant 4b (Po 4b). Knobs may be vertically perforated in the centre. Manufacture: hand-built; of fine- or medium-grained fabric; fired in a reducing or an oxidising atmosphere; sometimes slightly porous surface is smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/110. (Pls. 15: 19; 24:19; 51: 5; 54: 7; 56: 8; 66:19; 94:13) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers, most numerously in those from the La Tene period (Fig. 54). Notes: knobs of Variant Type 4a include the knob of ID 6802/097-009 (Pl. 66: 19) that was made on the wheel and is therefore marked with an asterisk (*). TYPE Po 5 Form: conical lids with a thickened rim that is moulded in the interior (Fig. 46). Manufacture: wheel-thrown; usually of medium-grained fabric; usually fired in a reducing atmosphere; frequently porous surface is smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/110. (Pls. 42: 20; 70:12; 71:15) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: individual pieces were found in the layers associated with Wall III, but most in the La Tene layers, more precisely in Layer b in Trench 5 and in the layers on the western terrace, with a concentration in the layers associated with the wall on that terrace (Fig. 55). 3.4.15 BASES (d) Vessel bases are divided according to the shaping technique and the shape. They are described following the instructions proposed by Horvat.327 They predominantly belong to deep coarseware vessels, most probably jars. If another form, of fineware could be identified, it is stated in the notes. There are 23 different types of bases, with Types 16-22 thrown on the fast wheel and found in the La Tene layers. 327 Horvat 1999, 90 ff, 191 ff. 165 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT sprotnih opombah. Dna posod so razvrščena v 23 tipov, pri čemer dna tipa 16-22 pripadajo na hitrem lončarskem vretenu oblikovanim posodam iz latenskih plasti. TIP d 1 Oblika: Ravno dno z zaobljenim prehodom v steno posode (sl. 48). Izdelava: Dna prostoročno izdelanih posod, običajno iz drobnozrnate lončarske mase, ki so bile najpogosteje redukcijsko žgane. Površina je gladka in lahko rahlo porozna. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/110. (t. 7:13; 35:15; 48: 6; 56: 3; 59:12; 61:14; 82: 2) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Dna tipa 1 so zastopana v vseh plasteh. Najpogosteje izvirajo iz plasti k zidu I in II (sl. 54). TIP d 2 Oblika: Ravno dno s poudarjenim robom na zaobljenem prehodu dna v steno posode (sl. 48). Izdelava: Kot dna tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/110. (t. 45:14; 54: 8; 57:10) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Dna tipa 2 v večini izvirajo iz plasti k zidu I (sl. 54). TIP d 3 Oblika: Ravno dno z ostrim ali le rahlo zaobljenim prehodom v steno posode (sl. 48). Izdelava: Dna posod, izdelanih prostoročno, redkeje oblikovanih tudi na počasnem lončarskem vretenu iz drobnozrnate lončarske mase, ki so bile najpogosteje redukcijsko ali oksidacijsko žgane. Površina je večinoma gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/112. (t. 2:13, 14; 7:14; 12: 6; 14: 4; 20: 16; 24: 4; 26: 2; 29: 11; 30: 16; 32: 12, 13; 33: 6; 35:14; 36:13; 37: 8; 40:11; 44:1; 45: 7, 10; 48: 8, 10, 15, 19; 51: 6, 11; 54: 9, 10; 56:19; 57: 9; 61: 6, 7; 65:11; 66:22; 71:13; 73:11, 16; 78: 8; 84:1, 2; 85: 9) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Dna tipa 3 so zastopana v vseh plasteh, vendar daleč najpogosteje izvirajo iz plasti k zidu I (sl. 54). TIP d 4 Oblika: Ravno dno z zaobljenim ali ostrim sedlastim prehodom v steno posode (sl. 48). Izdelava: Kot dna tipa 3. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/112. (t. 10: 13; 18: 6; 20: 14, 15; 21:16; 24: 5; 28: 7; 29: 1; 30: 4; 33: 5; 39:12; 40:10; TYPE d 1 Form: flat bases with a rounded base-body junction (Fig. 48). Manufacture: hand-built; usually of medium-grained fabric; mostly fired in a reducing atmosphere; surface is smooth and sometimes slightly porous. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/110. (Pls. 7:13; 35:15; 48: 6; 56: 3; 59:12; 61:14; 82:2) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers, most numerously in those associated with Walls I and II (Fig. 54). TYPE d 2 Form: flat bases with a jutting, but rounded base-body junction (Fig. 48). Manufacture: same as for the bases of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/110. (Pls. 45:14; 54: 8; 57:10) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: mostly found in the layers associated with Wall I (Fig. 54). TYPE d 3 Form: flat bases with a jutting and sharp or only slightly rounded base-body junction (Fig. 48). Manufacture: hand-built, rarely thrown on the slow wheel; of medium-grained fabric; mostly fired in a reducing or an oxidising atmosphere; surface usually smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/112. (Pls. 2:13,14; 7:14; 12: 6; 14: 4; 20: 16; 24: 4; 26: 2; 29: 11; 30: 16; 32: 12, 13; 33: 6; 35:14; 36:13; 37: 8; 40:11; 44:1; 45: 7, 10; 48: 8, 10, 15, 19; 51: 6, 11; 54: 9, 10; 56:19; 57: 9; 61: 6, 7; 65:11; 66:22; 71:13; 73:11,16; 78: 8; 84:1, 2; 85: 9) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers, by far the most numerously in those associated with Wall I (Fig. 54). TYPE d 4 Form: flat bases with a rounded or sharp saddle-shaped base-body junction (Fig. 48). Manufacture: same as for the bases of Type 3. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/112. (Pls. 10: 13; 18: 6; 20:14, 15; 21:16; 24: 5; 28: 7; 29: 1; 30: 4; 33: 5; 39:12; 40:10; 46: 8; 47: 9; 52: 5; 56: 5, 18; 57:11; 60: 7, 11; 63:14; 64:13; 68: 8; 81: 7; 84: 3; 95:18) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers, most numerously in those associated with Wall I and in the La Tene layers (Fig. 54). 166 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Sl. 48: Posebne oblike posodja in dna tipa 1-12. Fig. 48: Other vessel forms and bases of Types 1-12. 167 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT 46: 8; 47: 9; 52: 5; 56: 5, 18; 57:11; 60: 7, 11; 63:14; 64:13; 68: 8; 81: 7; 84: 3; 95:18) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Dna tipa 4 so zastopana v vseh plasteh. Najpogosteje izvirajo iz plasti k zidu I in iz latenskih plasti (sl. 54). TIP d 5 Oblika: Ravno dno s proti sredini odebeljeno notranjo površino in zaobljenim ali ostrim sedlastim prehodom v steno posode (sl. 48). Izdelava: Kot dna tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/112. (t. 7:15; 61:15) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Dna tipa 5 se razen dveh primerkov iz plasti k zidu I pojavljajo posamično v plasteh, mlajših od zidu II (sl. 54). TIP d 6 Oblika: Ravno dno s strani ravno odrezanim robom na sedlasto oblikovanem prehodu v steno posode (sl. 48). Izdelava: Dna posod izdelanih prostoročno, iz drobno-zrnate lončarske mase, ki so bile najpogosteje oksi-dacijsko žgane. Lahko porozna površina je gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/114. (t. 3: 13; 20:5; 26:14; 74:11) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Dna tipa 6 najpogosteje izvirajo iz plasti k zidu I (sl. 54). TIP d 7 Oblika: Ravno dno s poudarjenim, nekoliko navzven iz-vlečenim robom in sedlasto oblikovanim prehodom v steno posode. (sl. 48) Izdelava: Kot dna tipa 6. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/114. (t. 2:12; 9:13; 12:14; 22:10; 36:12; 42:15; 46:12; 48:12; 74:10) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Dna tipa 7 najpogosteje izvirajo iz plasti k zidu I in III (sl. 54). TIP d 8 Oblika: Ravno dno z zaobljenim sedlastim prehodom v steno, ki se lijakasto razširi. Z notranje strani je prehod neizrazit in tekoče zaobljen (sl. 48). Izdelava: Kot dna tipa 3. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/114. (t. 22: 9; 37: 9; 40:12; 51: 7; 55: 9; 57: 2, 8; 58:26; 62:12; 65: 9) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Dna tipa 8 so enakomerno zastopana v vseh plasteh (sl. 54). Opombe: Med fragmenti dna tipa 8 izstopa dno ID 6914/019-024 (t. 22: 9), ki je imelo zunanji rob okrašen z odtisi prsta. Dna tipa 8 večinoma pripadajo TYPEd 5 Form: flat bases with a raised centre in the interior and an either rounded or sharp saddle-shaped base-body junction (Fig. 48). Manufacture: same as for the bases of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/112. (Pls. 7:15; 61:15) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: with the exception of two pieces from the layers associated with Wall I, these rare base fragments were individually found in the layers later than Wall II (Fig. 54). TYPE d 6 Form: flat bases with a bevelled saddle-shape base-body junction (Fig. 48). Manufacture: hand-built; of medium-grained fabric; mostly fired in an oxidising atmosphere; in some cases porous surface is smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/114. (Pls. 3: 13; 20:5; 26:14; 74:11) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: most numerously found in the layers associated with Wall I (Fig. 54). TYPE d 7 Form: flat bases with protruding saddle-shaped base-body junction (Fig. 48). Manufacture: same as for the bases of Type 6. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/114. (Pls. 2: 12; 9: 13; 12: 14; 22: 10; 36:12; 42:15; 46:12; 48:12; 74:10) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: most numerously found in the layers associated with Walls I and III (Fig. 54). TYPE d 8 Form: flat bases with a base-body junction that is rounded and saddle-shaped in the exterior and smooth and rounded in the interior, as well as a funnel-shaped lower body (Fig. 48). Manufacture: same as for the bases of Type 3. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/114. (Pls. 22: 9; 37: 9; 40:12; 51: 7; 55: 9; 57: 2, 8; 58:26; 62:12; 65: 9) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: more or less evenly represented in all layers (Fig. 54). Notes: standing apart is the base fragment ofID 6914/019024 (Pl. 22: 9) with finger impressions along the exterior base-body junction. Bases of Type 8 mostly belonged to deep vessels, most probably jars. Individual examples of a fine-grained fabric may also have belonged to either large dishes or deep dishes with an inturned rim. 168 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT globokim posodam, najverjetneje loncem. Posamezni primerki dna posod, izdelanih iz finozrnate lončarske mase lahko pripadajo tudi večjim skledam ali globokim latvicam. TIP d 9 Oblika: Rahlo vbočeno dno z zaobljenim prehodom v steno posode (sl. 48). Izdelava: Kot dna tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/114. (t. 30:11; 37:13; 52:16) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Dna tipa 9 so zastopana v vseh plasteh. Najpogosteje izvirajo iz plasti k zidu II (sl. 54). TIP d 10 Oblika: Rahlo vbočeno dno z zaobljenim sedlastim prehodom v steno posode (sl. 48). Izdelava: Kot dna tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/114. (t. 40: 9; 48:11; 58:15) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Dna tipa 10 so zastopana v vseh plasteh. Najpogosteje izvirajo iz plasti k zidu I (sl. 54). TIP d 11 Oblika: Vbočeno dno z zaobljenim sedlastim prehodom v steno posode (sl. 48). Kot dna tipa 11a (d 11a) obravnavamo vbočena dna z navzven poudarjenim robom na sedlasto oblikovanem prehodu v steno posode. Izdelava: Dna običajno iz finozrnate lončarske mase prostoročno izdelanih posod, ki so bile najpogosteje redukcijsko žgane. Površina je bila brisana in je gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/114. (t. 20: 2; 55:10, 18; 57:12) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Dna tipa 11 izvirajo le iz plasti k zidu I do vključno plasti k zidu II in iz latenskih plasti (sl. 54). TIP d 12 Oblika: Prstanasto dno (sl. 48). Razlikujemo med enostavnim, pokončnim prstanastim dnom tipa 12a (d 12a) in stožčastim ali vsaj nekoliko navzven izvihanim prstanastim dnom tipa 12b (d 12b). Izdelava: Dna običajno iz fino- ali drobnozrnate lončarske mase na počasnem lončarskem vretenu oblikovanih ali prostoročno izdelanih posod, ki so bile najpogosteje redukcijsko ali oksidacijsko žgane. Površina je bila najobičajneje brisana in je gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/116. (t. 16: 7; 40:13, 14) TYPE d 9 Form: slightly concave bases with a rounded base-body junction (Fig. 48). Manufacture: same as for the bases of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/114. (Pls. 30:11; 37:13; 52:16) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers, most numerously in those associated with Wall II (Fig. 54). TYPE d 10 Form: slightly concave bases with a rounded saddle-shaped base-body junction (Fig. 48). Manufacture: same as for the bases of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/114. (Pls. 40: 9; 48:11; 58:15) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers, most numerously in those associated with Wall I (Fig. 54). TYPE d 11 Form: concave bases with a rounded saddle-shaped base-body junction (Fig. 48). The concave bases with a protruding saddle-shaped base-body junction constitute Variant 11a (d 11a). Manufacture: hand-built; mostly of fine-grained fabric; mostly fired in a reducing atmosphere; surface is smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/114. (Pls. 20: 2; 55:10, 18; 57:12) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in the layers associated with Wall I, Wall II and those between Walls I and II, as well as in the La Tene layers (Fig. 54). TYPE d 12 Form: ring bases (Fig. 48). The simple upright ring bases constitute Variant 12a (d 12a) and the conical or somewhat oblique ones constitute Variant 12b (d 12b). Manufacture: hand-built or thrown on the slow wheel; of fine- or medium-grained fabric; mostly fired in a reducing or an oxidising atmosphere; surface usually smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/116. (Pls. 16: 7; 40:13, 14) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in greater numbers in the layers between Walls I and II, but most numerously in those associated with Wall III (Fig. 54). TYPE d 13 Form: flat bases with a rounded base-body junction (Fig. 49). 169 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir. Dna tipa 12 se številčneje pojavijo v plasti med zidovoma I in II; najpogosteje pa izvirajo iz plasti k zidu III (sl. 54). TIP d 13 Oblika. Ravno dno z zaobljenim prehodom v steno posode (sl. 49). Izdelava. Dna posod izdelanih prostoročno, redkeje oblikovanih na počasnem lončarskem vretenu, običajno iz finozrnate lončarske mase, ki so bile najpogosteje redukcijsko žgane. Površina je gladka ali povsem zglajena. Najdbe. Grahek 2013, 1/116. (t. 19: 2; 37:10; 63: 5) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir. Dna tipa 13 so zastopana v vseh plasteh. Najpogosteje izvirajo iz plasti k zidu I (sl. 54). Opombe. Dna tipa 13 najverjetneje pripadajo latvicam in skledam. TIP d 14 Oblika: Ravno dno s sedlastim prehodom v steno posode (sl. 49). Z notranje strani proti sredini odebeljena dna obravnavamo kot tip 14a (d 14a). Izdelava: Kot dna tipa 13. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/116. (t. 12:7; 13:17; 14:13; 21:8) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Dna tipa 14 so zastopana v vseh plasteh. Najpogosteje izvirajo iz plasti k zidu I ter plasti med zidom I in II (sl. 54). Opombe: Z izjemo fragmenta dna ID 7016A/007-027, ki morda pripada loncu s stožčastim vratom tipa 2 ID 7016A/007-026 (t. 14:12), najverjetneje vsa dna tipa 14 pripadajo latvicam in skledam. TIP d 15 Oblika: Vbočeno dno z zaobljenim prehodom v steno posode (sl. 49). Izdelava: Kot dna tipa 13. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/116. (t. 24:15; 42: 23; 78:18) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Dna tipa 15 so zastopana v vseh plasteh. Najpogosteje izvirajo iz plasti k zidu I in II (sl. 54). Opombe: K vbočenim dnom smo pridružili dna ID 7218/027-024 (t. 78:18) in 6914/021-028, ki imata z zunanje strani omfalos in sta označena z *. Dna tipa 15 najverjetneje pripadajo latvicam in skledam. Manufacture: hand-built, rarely thrown on the slow wheel; usually of fine-grained fabric; mostly fired in a reducing atmosphere; surface is smooth or completely burnished. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/116. (Pls. 19: 2; 37:10; 63: 5) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers, most numerously in those associated with Wall I (Fig. 54). Notes: most probably belonged to either dishes with an inturned rim or to other dishes. TYPE d 14 Form: flat bases with a saddle-shaped base-body junction (Fig. 49). The bases with a raised centre in the interior constitute Variant 14a (d 14a). Manufacture: same as for the bases of Type 13. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/116. (Pls. 12:7; 13:17; 14:13; 21:8) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers, most numerously in those associated with Wall I and those between Walls I and II (Fig. 54). Notes: with the exception of the base fragment of ID 7016A/007-027 that may have belonged to the Type 2 jar with a conical neck of ID 7016A/007-026 (Pl. 14: 12), the bases of Type 14 most probably belonged either to dishes with an inturned rim or to other dishes. TYPEd 15 Form: concave bases with a rounded base-body junction (Fig. 49). Manufacture: same as for the bases of Type 13. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/116. (Pls. 24:15; 42:23; 78:18) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers, most numerously in those associated with Walls I and II (Fig. 54). Notes: fragments of ID 7218/027-024 (Pl. 78: 18) and 6914/021-028 with an exterior omphalos are treated together with other Type 15 bases, but are marked with an asterisk (*). Bases of Type 15 most probably belonged either to dishes with an inturned rim or to other dishes. TYPE d 16 Form: flat bases with either a sharp or a rounded base-body junction (Fig. 49). Manufacture: hand-built and finished on the wheel; usually of medium-grained fabric; mostly fired in a reducing atmosphere; frequently at least slightly porous surface is smooth. Bases of graphite ware jars constitute Variant 16a (d 16a). Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/116. (Pls. 61:16; 86:10; 89: 5) 170 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Sl. 49: Dna tipa 13-22 in noge. Fig. 49: Bases of Types 13-22 and feet. 171 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT TIP d 16 Oblika: Ravno dno z ostrim ali zaobljenim prehodom v steno posode (sl. 49). Izdelava: Dna posod dodelanih na lončarskem vretenu, običajno iz drobnozrnate lončarske mase, ki so bile najpogosteje redukcijsko žgane. Pogosto vsaj nekoliko porozna površina je gladka. Kot dna tipa 16a (d 16a) so označena dna grafitnih loncev. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/116. (t. 61:16; 86:10; 89: 5) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Dna tipa 16 izvirajo že iz plasti stopnje zidu III in jih zasledimo v vseh latenskih plasteh, razen latenski plasti iz sonde 6. Najpogosteje so zastopana na zahodni terasi, kjer jih največ izhaja iz plasti k zidu. Dna grafitnih loncev tipa 16a izvirajo iz plasti stopnje zidu III in plasti k prečnemu zidu 1 (sl. 55). Opombe: Dno grafitne posode ID 7219/002-012, 7219/023-002 (t. 86: 10) ima ob robu dvoje vodoravnih vrezov in je zato označeno z *. Kot sled oblikovanja na hitrem lončarskem vretenu imajo dna tipa 16 notranjo stran pogosto plitvo nažlebljeno. TIP d 17 Oblika: Ravno dno z zaobljenim sedlastim prehodom v steno posode (sl. 49). Izdelava: Kot dna tipa 16. Dna loncev iz lončarske mase z dodanim grafitom so označena kot dna tipa 17a (d 17a). Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/117. (t. 25:17; 71: 4; 87: 8) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvin Dna tipa 17 izvirajo že iz plasti stopnje zidu III in jih zasledimo v vseh la-tenskih plasteh razen v plasteh k prečnemu zidu 1. Najpogosteje so zastopana v plasteh k prečnemu zidu 2 in na zahodni terasi, kjer jih največ izhaja iz plasti pred izgradnjo tamkajšnjega zidu. Dna grafitnih loncev tipa 17a izvirajo iz latenske plasti v sondi 6 in plasti k prečnemu zidu 2 (sl. 55). TIP d 18 Oblika: Ravno dno z zaobljenim prehodom v steno posode (sl. 49). Kot dna tipa 18a (d 18a) so označeni primerki z bolj sedlasto oblikovanim, zaobljenim prehodom v steno posode. Izdelava: Dna tipa 18 pripadajo posodam izdelanim na hitrem lončarskem vretenu, iz dobro prečiščene in pregnetene, zelo finozrnate lončarske mase, ki so bile najpogosteje žgane oksidacijsko s končnim dimljenjem ali ob menjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končnim dimljenjem. Površina je gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/117. (t. 49: 16; 66: 14; 72: 11; 93:24) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: appeared in the layers associated with Wall III and found in all La Tene layers with the exception of the La Tene layer in Trench 6. Most numerously found in the layers on the western terrace, with a concentration in the layers associated with the wall there. The bases of graphite ware jars of Variant 16a were found in the layers associated with Wall III and with the first crosswall (Fig. 55). Notes: standing apart is the base of the graphite ware vessel of ID 7219/002-012, 7219/023-002 (Pl. 86:10) with a pair of horizontal incisions at the base-body junction and is therefore marked with an asterisk (*). Shallow grooves on the base interior indicate the use of the fast wheel. TYPE d 17 Form: flat bases with a rounded saddle-shaped base-body junction (Fig. 49). Manufacture: same as for the bases of Type 16. The jar bases with added graphite constitute Variant 17a (d 17a). Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/117. (Pls. 25:17; 71: 4; 87: 8) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: appeared in the layers associated with Wall III and were found in all La Tene layers with the exception of those associated with the first crosswall. Most numerously found in the layers associated with the second crosswall and the layers on the western terrace, with a concentration in the layer before the construction of the wall there. The base fragments ofthe graphite ware jars ofVariant Type 17a were found in the La Tene layer in Trench 6 and the layer associated with the second crosswall (Fig. 55). TYPE d 18 Form: flat bases with a rounded base-body junction (Fig. 49). The fragments with a slightly saddle-shaped rounded base-body junction constitute Variant 18a (d 18a). Manufacture: thrown on the fast wheel; of refined, well-kneaded and very fine-grained fabric; mostly fired in an oxidising atmosphere with final smoking or in an interchanging reducing and oxidising atmosphere with final smoking; surface is smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/117. (Pls. 49: 16; 66: 14; 72: 11; 93: 24) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found most numerously in the La Tene layers, more precisely in the layers in Trench 5, the layers associated with both crosswalls and the layers on the western terrace. The largest share of the base fragments from Trench 5 was found in the stratigraphically earliest Layer a. In the trenches on the crosswall and the western terrace, 172 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Dna tipa 18 so zastopana predvsem v latenskih plasteh. Zasledimo jih v plasteh iz sonde 5, plasteh k obema prečnima zidovoma ter v plasteh na zahodni terasi. Medtem ko v sondi 5 večji delež dna tipa 18 izvira iz stratigrafsko starejše plasti a, se pri sondah na prečnem obzidju in zahodni terasi njihov delež poveča v plasteh k prečnemu zidu 2 oziroma še bolj izrazito v plasti k zidu na zahodni terasi (sl. 55). Opombe: Dna tipa 18 pripadajo glinenkam, lahko tudi večjim skledam. Slednje še posebej velja za dna tipa 18a. TIP d 19 Oblika: Ravno dno s poudarjenim, navzven odebeljenim robom (sl. 49). Izdelava: Kot dna tipa 18. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/117. (t. 19:12; 25:3; 49:9; 60:22; 61:17; 71:14; 74:2,19; 75:11; 79:12,13; 80:13; 95:3) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvin Dna tipa 19 izvirajo že iz plasti stopnje zidu III, vendar se pojavljajo predvsem v latenskih plasteh. Zastopana so v latenski plasti a iz sonde 5, plasteh na zahodni terasi, najpogosteje pa izvirajo iz plasti k prečnima zidovoma (sl. 55). Opombe: Dna tipa 19 pripadajo glinenkam, lahko tudi skledam. TIP d 20 Oblika: Vbočeno dno z ostrim ali zaobljenim prehodom v steno posode (sl. 49). Izdelava: Kot dna tipa 18. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/117. (t. 44:10; 71:1, 2; 87: 4; 94: 11; 94: 23) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Razen posamičnega primerka iz plasti stopnje zidu III izvirajo vsa dna tipa 20 iz latenskih plasti. Zastopana so v plasti a iz sonde 5, v plasteh k prečnima zidovoma in plasteh na zahodni terasi, pri čemer jih večji delež izhaja iz plasti k prečnemu zidu 1 oziroma iz plasti pred postavitvijo zidu na zahodni terasi (sl. 55). Opombe: Dna tipa 20 pripadajo glinenkam, lahko tudi skledam. TIP d 21 Oblika: Vbočeno dno z zaobljenim sedlastim prehodom v steno posode (sl. 49). Izdelava: Kot dna tipa 18. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/118. (t. 74: 3; 90:12) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvin Dna tipa 21 izvirajo že iz plasti stopnje zidu III, a se pojavljajo predvsem v their share increased in the layers associated with the second crosswall, even more in the layer associated with the wall on the western terrace (Fig. 55). Notes: these bases belonged to flasks, possibly also large dishes. The latter is particularly true of the bases of Variant 18a. TYPE d 19 Form: flat bases with a protruding base-body junction (Fig. 49). Manufacture: same as for the bases of Type 18. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/117. (Pls. 19:12; 25:3; 49:9; 60:22; 61:17; 71:14; 74:2,19; 75:11; 79:12,13; 80:13; 95:3) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: appeared in the layers associated with Wall III, but were mostly found in the La Tene layers, more precisely in the La Tene Layer a in Trench 5, the layers on the western terrace and most numerously in the layers associated with both crosswalls (Fig. 55). Notes: belonged to flasks, possibly also dishes. TYPE d 20 Form: concave bases with either a sharp or a rounded base-body junction (Fig. 49). Manufacture: same as for the bases of Type 18. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/117. (Pls. 44:10; 71:1, 2; 87: 4; 94: 11; 94: 23) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: with the exception of individual pieces from the layers associated with Wall III, these bases were found in the La Tene layers, more precisely in Layer a in Trench 5, in the layers associated with both crosswalls and the layers on the western terrace, with a concentration in the layers associated with the first crosswall and the layers before the construction of the wall on the western terrace (Fig. 55). Notes: belonged to flasks, possibly also dishes. TYPE d 21 Form: concave bases with a rounded saddle-shaped base-body junction (Fig. 49). Manufacture: same as for the bases of Type 18. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/118. (Pls. 74: 3; 90:12) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: appeared in the layers associated with Wall III, but mostly found in the La Tene layers. Individual pieces were found in the layers associated with the first crosswall and the layer before the construction of the wall on the western terrace (Fig. 55). Notes: belonged to flasks, possibly also dishes. 173 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT latenskih plasteh. Posamični primerki tako izhajajo iz plasti k prečnemu zidu 1 in iz plasti pred izgradnjo zidu na zahodni terasi (sl. 55). Opombe: Dna tipa 21 pripadajo glinenkam, lahko tudi skledam. TIP d 22 Oblika: Prstanasto dno (sl. 49). Izdelava: Kot dna tipa 18. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/118. (t. 17: 21; 19: 17; 43: 13; 88:17) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvin Redki primerki dna tipa 22 najverjetneje vsi izvirajo iz latenskih plasti (sl. 55). Opombe: Fragment ID 6909/017-008 (t. 88:17) ima visoko prstanasto dno, ki že prehaja v nizko nogo in je zato označen z *. Tako je označen tudi posamičen fragment ID 7016A/002-004 (t. 17:21), ki ima nizko, navzven izvihano nogo. Dna tipa 22 pripadajo glinenkam, lahko tudi skledam. 3.4.16 NOGE (n) Noga je po Horvatovi sekundarni odsek posode, ki je bil le redko izdelan istočasno s posodo.328 Noge so na posodo večinoma pritrjene naknadno in se pojavljajo tako pri globokih kot pri nizkih oblikah posod.329 Poleg nog rdeče-črno barvanih ciborijev (ciboriji tipa 3) in noge ID 6912/086-001 (t. 45: 6), ki najverjetneje pripada latvici tipa 11, je med stiško naselbinsko keramiko še nekaj fragmentov, ki jih pripisujemo posodam na nogi. Gre tako za same fragmente nog, pri katerih razlikujemo med dvema tipoma v 2 tipa (n 1 in n 2), kot tudi za dna posod, ki noge nimajo več ohranjene. Pri slednjih gre za ostanke prostoročno izdelanih, lahko tudi na počasnem lončarskem vretenu oblikovanih, posod iz fino- ali drob-nozrnate lončarske mase, ki so bile najpogosteje redukcijsko žgane. Površina je gladka, redkeje povsem zglajena. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/118. (t. 73:12) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Dna posod na nogi izvirajo predvsem iz plasti k zidu I in III. Pri tem iz plasti k zidu I izhajajo le dna prostoročno izdelanih posod, v plasteh k zidu III pa so bila pogosteje zastopana dna na počasnem lončarskem vretenu oblikovanih posod na nogi (sl. 54). TIP n 1 Oblika: Votle noge (sl. 49). Razlikujemo med visokimi, stožčastimi nogami tipa 1a (n 1a), nizkimi, stožča-stimi ali bolj cilindričnimi nogami tipa 1b (n 1b) in 328 Horvat 1999, 80, 97 ss, 199 ss. 329 Dular 1982, 12 ss, sl. 1. TYPE d 22 Form: ring bases (Fig. 49). Manufacture: same as for the bases of Type 18. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/118. (Pls. 17: 21; 19: 17; 43: 13; 88:17) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: these bases are rare and were probably all found in the La Tene layers (Fig. 55). Notes: fragment of ID 6909/017-008 (Pl. 88:17) has a high ring base that is almost a low foot and is therefore marked with an asterisk (*). Also marked is the fragment of ID 7016A/002-004 (Pl. 17: 21) with a low splayed foot. Bases of Type 22 belonged to flasks, possibly also dishes. 3.4.16 FEET (n) Horvat sees the foot as a secondary part of a vessel that is only rarely made together with the rest of the vessel.328 Feet are usually subsequently applied to either deep or shallow forms of vessels.329 Apart from the black-on-red painted footed bowls (of Type 3) and the foot of ID 6912/086-001 (Pl. 45: 6), which most likely belonged to a dish with an inturned rim of Type 11, the Stična settlement pottery includes several other fragments ascribed to footed vessels. These are fragments of feet, divided into those of Types 1 and 2 (n 1 and n 2), but also to vessel bases with feet no longer surviving. The latter belonged to vessels that are hand-built, sometimes thrown on the slow wheel, of a fine- or medium-grained fabric, most frequently fired in a reducing atmosphere with a smooth surface, rarely completely burnished. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/118. (Pl. 73:12) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: bases of footed vessels were mostly found in the layers associated with Walls I and III, of which the layers associated with Wall I only yielded the bases of hand-built vessels and the layers associated with Wall III more frequently revealed the bases of the footed vessels thrown on the slow wheel (Fig. 54). TYPE n 1 Form: hollow feet (Fig. 49). I distinguish between high conical feet of Variant Type 1a (n 1a), low conical or slightly cylindrical feet of Variant 1b (n 1b) and low splayed feet of Variant 1c (n 1c). Manufacture: hand-built, rarely thrown on the slow wheel; of fine- or medium-grained fabric; mostly fired in a 328 Horvat 1999, 80, 97 ff, 199 ff. 329 Dular 1982, (12 ff), 170 f, Fig. 1. 174 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT nizkimi nogami z navzven izvihano stojno ploskvijo tipa 1c (n 1c). Izdelava: Prostoročno izdelane, redko tudi na počasnem lončarskem vretenu oblikovane noge iz fino- ali drobnozrnate lončarske mase so bile najpogosteje redukcijsko žgane. Lahko rahlo porozna površina je gladka ali povsem zglajena. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/118. (t. 12: 15; 16: 17; 19: 3; 23: 10; 30: 5; 38: 7; 40:15, 16) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Noge tipa 1 skupno izhajajo predvsem iz plasti k zidu I do vključno plasti k zidu II. To še posebej velja za redke primerke nog tipa 1a, medtem ko noge tipa 1b v plasteh k zidu II niso zastopane, temveč razmeroma pogosto izvirajo iz latenskih plasti. Noge tipa 1c so najpogosteje zastopane v plasteh k zidu I (sl. 54). Opombe: Noge tipa 1 lahko pripadajo različnim oblikam posod; ciborijem, loncem, skledam, latvicam ipd. TIP n 2 Oblika: Votle, z vodoravnim kaneliranjem narebrene noge (sl. 49). Kot noge tip 2a (n 2a) sta obravnavana fragmenta noge z okrasom vodoravnih žlebov. Izdelava: Prostoročno izdelane, lahko tudi na počasnem lončarskem vretenu oblikovane noge iz drobno- ali finozrnate lončarske mase so bile redukcijsko ali oksidacijsko žgane. Lahko rahlo porozna površina je gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/120. (t. 56:15; 58: 23; 78:13) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Redke noge tipa 2 se pojavijo v plasti k zidu III, medtem ko je bil primerek noge tipa 2a najden že v okviru zidu II (sl. 54). Opombe: Noge tipa 2 najverjetneje pripadajo ciborijem tipa 10 po Dularju.330 3.4.17 PEKVE (Pe) Pekve uvrščam v skupino ognjiščnih predmetov, ki so domnevno služili kot pripomočki ob pripravi hrane na ognjiščih. Ker opisovanje tovrstnih najdb in posameznih delov predmeta (sl. 50: A) ni povsem poenoteno, podajam na tem mestu svoj predlog izrazoslovja. Pekve so pokrovke, navadno z enim masivnim ročajem na vrhu, ki so služile za peko na odprtem ognjišču.331 Razlikujemo med 9 tipi pekev, ki jih v prvi vrsti delimo na neokrašene in okrašene pekve. Razvrščamo jih glede na obliko ostenja, pri čemer jih zaradi velike fragmentarnosti obravnavamo po posameznih delih. To še posebej velja za neokrašene pekve, kjer zaradi boljše preglednosti posebej obravnavamo ročaje in posebej 330 Dular 1982, 51 s, t. 17. 331 Dular 1982, 15, sl. 1: 23. reducing atmosphere; in some pieces slightly porous surface is smooth or completely burnished. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/118. (Pls. 12: 15; 16:17; 19: 3; 23: 10; 30: 5; 38: 7; 40:15, 16) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: feet of Type 1 were mostly found in the layers associated with Wall I, Wall II and those between Walls I and II. This is particularly true of the rare feet of Variant 1a, while those of Variant 1b are absent in the layers associated with Wall II, but are relatively numerous in the La Tene layers. The feet of Variant 1c were most numerously found in the layers associated with Wall I (Fig. 54). Notes: Feet of Type 1 belonged to different vessel forms, either footed bowls, jars, dishes, dishes with an inturned rim and others. TYPE n 2 Form: hollow feet with horizontal shallow grooves (Fig. 49). The fragments of feet with horizontal, wide incisions constitute Variant 2a (n 2a). Manufacture: hand-built, in some cases thrown on the slow wheel; of medium- or fine-grained fabric; fired in a reducing or an oxidising atmosphere; in some cases slightly porous surface is smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/120. (Pls. 56:15; 58:23; 78:13) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: these feet are rare and appeared in the layers associated with Wall III, while a fragment of Variant 2a was found already in a layer associated with Wall II (Fig. 54). Notes: most probably belonged to the footed bowls of Type 10 after Dular.330 3.4.17 BAKING LIDS (Pe) Baking lids belong to the group of hearth utensils, which consists of objects presumed to have been used in the preparation of food on the hearth. Since describing of these finds and their individual parts is not entirely uniform, I give in this place a proposal of terminology as an attempt at standardising such terminology in the Slovenian language. (Fig. 50: A) Baking lids usually have a single large handle applied to the apex of the lid and were used to bake food on an open hearth.331 The ceramic finds from Stična revealed nine types, which are distinguishable on the basis of the presence or absence of decoration and the shape of the body. The high fragmentation of the finds led me to analyse them according to individual parts. This is particularly true of the undecorated baking lids that, for the sake of clarity, are treated handles separately 330 Dular 1982, (51 f), 185, Pl. 17. 331 Dular 1982, (15), 171, Fig. 1: 23. 175 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT fragmente gornjega dela ostenja, ki jih razvrščamo glede na oblikovanost prehoda stene v teme. TIP Pe 1 Oblika: Neokrašene pekve s stožčasto oblikovanim oste-njem (sl. 51). Razlikujemo med pekvami tipa 1a (Pe 1a), ki imajo zaobljeno, s spodnje strani lahko nekoliko sploščeno stojno ploskev, pekvami tipa 1b (Pe 1b) z navzven odebeljenim zaobljenim, s spodnje strani navadno sploščeno stojno ploskvijo in pe-kvami tipa 1c (Pe 1c), ki imajo stanjšano, zaobljeno stojno ploskev rahlo usločeno navzven. Izdelava: Prostoročno, navadno iz drobnozrnate lončarske mase izdelane pekve so najobičajneje oksidacijsko žgane. Površina je bila običajno gladka, lahko tudi nekoliko hrapava. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/120-121. (t. 4: 8, 9; 5: 12; 6: 10; 9:10; 12: 5; 13:16; 34: 5; 36: 9; 42:16; 47: 7; 52:15; 54: 3; 75: 9; 81: 8, 9) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvin Pekve tipa 1 so zastopane v vseh plasteh; najpogosteje pa izvirajo iz plasti k zidu I (sl. 54). Opombe: Pekvam tipa 1 verjetno pripadajo neokrašeni zgornji deli ostenj tipa 3 in neokrašeni ročaji tipa 4. TIP Pe 2 Oblika: Neokrašene pekve z bolj ali manj kupolasto oblikovanim ostenjem (sl. 51). Razlikujemo med pekvami tipa 2a (Pe 2a), ki imajo zaobljeno ali s spodnje strani nekoliko sploščeno stojno ploskev, pekvami tipa 2b (Pe 2b) z navzven odebeljeno zaobljeno in s spodnje strani navadno sploščeno stojno ploskvijo ter pekvami tipa 2c (Pe 2c), ki imajo zvonasto oblikovan spodnji del ostenja in nekoliko navzven usločeno, zaobljeno stojno ploskev. Izdelava: Kot pekve tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/121. (t. 4:10; 6:15; 15:17; 17:15; 20:1; 24: 3; 27:14; 30:12; 35: 6, 35:11; 36:10; 37: 4; 46: 7; 47: 3; 54:2; 81:10; 84: 5) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Pekve tipa 2 so zastopane v vseh plasteh, najpogosteje v plasteh k zidu I (sl. 54). Opombe: Pekvam tipa 2 verjetno pripadajo neokrašeni zgornji deli ostenja tipa 3 in pa neornamentirani ročaji tipa 4. TIP Pe 3 Oblika: Pekve z neokrašenim zgornji delom ostenja. Razlikujemo med pekvami tipa 3a (Pe 3a), ki imajo enostaven zaobljen prehod ostenja v teme, pekvami tipa 3b (Pe 3b) s polkrožno zaobljenim prehodom from the upper parts of the body; the latter divided according to the shape of the body-apex junction. TYPE Pe 1 Form: undecorated baking lids with a conical body (Fig. 51). The lids with a rounded or sometimes flat lip constitute Variant 1a (Pe 1a), those with an externally thickened, rounded or sometimes flat lip constitute Variant 1b (Pe 1b) and those with an everted rim and a thinned and rounded lip constitute Variant 1c (Pe 1c). Manufacture: hand-built; usually of medium-grained fabric; mostly fired in an oxidising atmosphere; surface usually smooth, in some cases slightly rough. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/120-121. (Pls. 4: 8, 9; 5:12; 6:10; 9:10; 12: 5; 13:16; 34: 5; 36: 9; 42:16; 47: 7; 52:15; 54: 3; 75: 9; 81: 8, 9) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers, most numerously in those associated with Wall I (Fig. 54). Notes: baking lids of Type 1 probably formed wholes with the undecorated upper body parts of Type 3 and the undecorated handles of Type 4. TYPE Pe 2 Form: undecorated baking lids with a more or less domed body (Fig. 51). The lids with a rounded or slightly flat interior lip constitute Variant 2a (Pe 2a), those with an externally thickened rim and a rounded and usually flat lip constitute Variant 2b (Pe 2b) and those with a bell-shaped lower body, a slightly everted rim and a rounded lip constitute Variant 2c (Pe 2c). Manufacture: same as for the baking lids of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/121. (Pls. 4:10; 6:15; 15:17; 17:15; 20:1; 24: 3; 27:14; 30:12; 35: 6, 35:11; 36:10; 37: 4; 46: 7; 47: 3; 54:2; 81:10; 84: 5) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers, most numerously in those associated with Wall I (Fig. 54). Notes: baking lids of Type 2 probably formed wholes with the undecorated upper body parts of Type 3 and the undecorated handles of Type 4. TYPE Pe 3 Form: baking lids with an undecorated upper body (Fig. 51). The lids with a simple rounded body-apex junction constitute Variant 3a (Pe 3a), those with a semicircular body-apex junction constitute Variant 3b (Pe 3b) and those with a saddle-shaped body-apex junction constitute Variant 3c (Pe 3c). Manufacture: same as for the baking lids of Type 1. 176 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Sl. 50: Poimenovanje odsekov (a) pekev in (b) prenosnih pečk. Fig. 50: Individual parts (a) of baking lids and (b) portable ovens. ostenja v teme in pekvami tipa 3c (Pe 3c), ki imajo prehod ostenja v teme sedlasto oblikovan (sl. 51). Izdelava: Kot pekve tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/121. (t. 5: 6; 11:16; 21: 9; 23: 5; 26:15; 27:13; 38:1; 39:10; 46:11; 47: 5; 48: 7; 54: 4, 13; 59:17; 84: 6) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Pekve tipa 3 so zastopane v vseh plasteh, najpogosteje v plasteh k zidu I (sl. 54). TIP Pe 4 Oblika: Neokrašeni ročaji pekev (sl. 51). Razlikujemo med ročaji tipa 4a (Pe 4a), ki so v preseku pravokotnejše oblike, ročaji tipa 4b (Pe 4b) z žlebom na zgornji strani in bolj ovalnega preseka, ročaji tipa 4c (Pe 4c) s krožnim presekom, ročaji tipa 4d (Pe 4d) z ovalnim Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/121. (Pls. 5: 6; 11:16; 21: 9; 23: 5; 26:15; 27:13; 38:1; 39:10; 46:11; 47: 5; 48: 7; 54: 4, 13; 59:17; 84: 6) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers, most numerously in those associated with Wall I (Fig. 54). TYPE Pe 4 Form: undecorated baking lid handles (Fig. 51). The handles of a sub-rectangular cross section constitute Variant 4a (Pe 4a), those of a sub-oval cross section and with a groove on the upper side constitute Variant 4b (Pe 4b), those of a round cross section constitute Variant 4c (Pe 4c), those of an oval cross section constitute Variant 4d (Pe 4d), those of an irregular cross section caused by mouldings on the 177 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT presekom, ročaji tipa 4e (Pe 4e), ki imajo zaradi profiliranja na spodnji strani nepravilni presek in ročaji tipa 4f (Pe 4f), ki imajo s parom žlebov profilirano zgornjo stran, lahko tudi modelirano rebro. Izdelava: Kot pekve tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/122. (t. 1:15; 4:14, 15; 5:10; 14. 7, 8; 15: 18; 16: 16; 22: 15; 28: 9, 10; 29: 17; 34: 18 35: 7, 12, 13; 36: 4; 36:11; 39: 5; 43:14; 47: 4, 6, 11 48:14; 51:2; 52: 4; 56: 4, 11, 12; 66:21; 69: 5; 77:12, 78:17; 81:12; 87:14; 95: 6) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Ročaji pekev tipa 4 so zastopani v vseh plasteh, najpogosteje v plasteh k zidu I (sl. 54). underside constitute Variant 4e (Pe 4e) and those with a pair of grooves and in some cases a cordon modelled out of the handle on the upper side constitute Variant 4f (Pe 4f). Manufacture: same as for the baking lids of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/122. (Pls. 1:15; 4:14, 15; 5:10; 14. 7, 8; 15: 18; 16: 16; 22: 15; 28: 9, 10; 29: 17; 34: 18 35: 7, 12, 13; 36: 4; 36:11; 39: 5; 43:14; 47: 4, 6, 11 48:14; 51:2; 52: 4; 56: 4, 11, 12; 66:21; 69: 5; 77:12, 78:17; 81:12; 87:14; 95: 6) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers, most numerously in those associated with Wall I (Fig. 54). TIP Pe 5 TYPE Pe 5 Oblika: Pekve z okrasom razčlenjenega rebra (sl. 51). Vodoravno rebro je običajno pritrjeno nad ustjem na spodnjem delu ostenja. Razlikujemo med pekvami tipa 5a (Pe 5a), ki imajo rebro razčlenjeno z odtisi šila, in pekvami tipa 5b (Pe 5b), ki imajo rebro razčlenjeno z odtisi prsta. Izdelava: Kot pekve tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/122. (t. 4: 7; 13:15; 42:12; 46: 9; 50: 8; 51:10; 52: 9; 54:1; 68: 7; 74: 21; 81:13) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Pekve tipa 5 večinoma izvirajo iz plasti k zidu I do vključno k zidu II. To še posebej velja za razmeroma redke pekve tipa 5a, ki v mlajših plasteh sploh niso bile več odkrite (sl. 54). Opombe: K pekvam tipa 5b smo prišteli tudi fragmente ID 7016A/020-014, 6805/104-011 (t. 68: 7) in 6806/043-009.332 Gre za fragmente pekev, ki imajo prilepljeno polkrožno rebro ali par reber. Vsi fragmenti so označeni z *. Form: baking lids decorated with a horizontal cordon with impressions usually applied above the rim on the lower part of the body (Fig. 51). The lids with tool impressions on the cordon constitute Variant 5a (Pe 5a) and those with finger impressions on the cordon constitute Variant 5b (Pe 5b). Manufacture: same as for the baking lids of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/122. (Pls. 4: 7; 13:15; 42:12; 46: 9; 50: 8; 51:10; 52: 9; 54:1; 68: 7; 74: 21; 81:13) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: mostly found in the layers associated with Wall I, Wall II and those between Walls I and II, particularly the rare lids of Variant 5a that were absent in the later layers (Fig. 54). Notes: baking lids of Variant 5b include the fragments of ID 7016A/020-014, 6805/104-011 (Pl. 68: 7) and 6806/043-009 with an applied semicircular cordon or a pair ofcordons; all are marked with an asterisk (*).332 TIP Pe 6 TYPE Pe 6 Oblika: Pekve z okrašenim ostenjem (sl. 51). Na spodnjem delu ostenja se pojavljajo okras vodoravnega, gladkega rebra, vodoravnih žlebov ali vrezov in odtisi. Izdelava: Kot pekve tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/122. (t. 2:10; 8:11; 11:12; 23: 6; 49: 7; 76:13; 79:11; 82:11) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Pekve tipa 6 so zastopane v vseh plasteh, najpogosteje v plasteh k zidu I in III (sl. 54). Pri tem se v plasteh k zidu I pojavljajo predvsem pekve z okrasom reber (kot 17/24, 17/33 in 5/101), tiste iz plasti k zidu III pa so okrašene z žlebovi ali vrezi (kot 17/5, 12/10 in 12/23). Form: baking lids with the lower body decorated with a plain horizontal cordon, horizontal grooves, incisions or impressions (Fig. 51). Manufacture: same as for the baking lids of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/122. (Pls. 2:10; 8:11; 11:12; 23: 6; 49: 7; 76:13; 79:11; 82:11) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers, most numerously in those associated with Walls I and III (Fig. 54). The layers associated with Wall I primarily yielded the lids with cordons (such as 17/24, 17/33 and 5/101), while the layers associated with Wall III revealed the lids with either grooves or incisions (such as 17/5, 12/10 and 12/23). 332 Grahek 2013, 2/233 ss = 493 ss. 332 Grahek 2013, 2/233 ff = 493 ff. 178 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Sl. 51: Pekve tipa 1-9. Fig. 51: Baking lids of Types 1-9. 179 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT TIP Pe 7 TYPE Pe 7 Oblika: Z razčlenjenim rebrom okrašeni ročaji pekev (sl. 51). Najpogosteje gre za na koren ročaja prilepljeno rebro, lahko pa je z odtisi prsta ali šila razčlenjeno rebro na ročaju. K pekvam tipa 7 prištevamo tudi pekve z okrasom razčlenjenega rebra na zgornjem delu ostenja; to je na prehodu ostenja v teme ali na samem temenu. Izdelava: Kot pekve tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/124. (t. 4:11, 12; 26: 3; 38:2; 41: 4; 56: 7; 60:14) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Pekve tipa 7 so bile izkopane predvsem v plasteh k zidu I in II (sl. 54). Opombe: Med pekvami tipa 7 izstopa bolje ohranjena pekva ID 6913/041-002, 6913/041-025 in 6913/052-001, ki ima na prehodu ostenja v teme prilepljeno razčlenjeno rebro in ji najverjetneje pripada z razčlenjenim rebrom okrašen fragment ustja ID 6912/066-004. Ročaj pekve je modeliran s tremi razčlenjenimi rebri (t. 41: 4). Okras modeliranega s šilom razčlenjenega rebra na prehodu ostenja v teme ima še pekva ID 68 06/0 56- 003.333 Pekvi pripada tudi ročaj, ki je oblikovan podobno kot ID 7219/017-013;334 to je ročaj z odtisi šila razčlenjenima rebroma ob robu. Poleg tega ima pekva ID 6806/056-003 na korenu ročaja pritrjeno še dvoje bradavic; podobno kot z odtisi prsta razčlenjenim rebrom okrašen ročaj ID 7016B/0 1 0- 0 1 2.335 Vsi omenjeni fragmenti pekev tipa 7 so zaradi svojih posebnosti označeni z *. TIP Pe 8 Oblika: Z bradavicami okrašeni ročaji pekev (sl. 51). Razlikujemo med ročaji tipa 8a (Pe 8a), ki imajo navadno na korenu pritrjeno eno bradavico, ročaji tipa 8b (Pe 8b), ki imajo na korenu pritrjen par lahko v rogove oblikovanih bradavic, in ročaji tipa 8c (Pe 8c), ki pa imajo na korenu pritrjene po tri bradavice. Izdelava: Kot pekve tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/124. (t. 1: 11; 4:13; 6: 16; 36: 1; 41: 3; 60:13; 67: 4; 73: 5; 81:11; 82: 3, 4) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvin Pekve tipa 8 so pretežno zastopane v plasteh k zidu I (sl. 54). Form: handles ofbaking lids decorated with a cordon with impressions that is most frequently applied either at the apex-handle junction or across the handle (Fig. 51), in the latter case decorated with the impressions of a finger or a tool. These baking lids include those decorated with a cordon with impressions applied to the upper part of the body, more precisely at the body-apex junction or on the apex. Manufacture: same as for the baking lids of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/124. (Pls. 4:11, 12; 26: 3; 38:2; 41: 4; 56: 7; 60:14) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found predominantly in the layers associated with Walls I and II (Fig. 54). Notes: standing apart is the well preserved baking lid of ID 6913/041-002, 6913/041-025 and 6913/052-001 with a cordon with impressions applied at the body-apex junction and most likely formed a whole with the rim fragment also decorated with a cordon with impressions of ID 6912/066-004; the handle bears three cordons with impressions modelled out of the handle (Pl. 41: 4). A cordon with tool impressions applied at the body-apex junction can also be found on the baking lid of ID 6806/056-003,333 which probably formed a whole with the handle of a shape similar to that of the fragment of ID 7219/017-013;334 which is a handle with a pair of cordons decorated with tool impressions along its edges. In addition, the baking lid of ID 6806/056-003 has a pair of knobs applied at the apex-handle junction, similarly as the handle of ID 7016B/010-012 decorated with a cordon with finger impressions.335 All these Type 7 fragments are marked with an asterisk (*). TYPE Pe 8 Form: baking lid handles decorated with knobs (Fig. 51). The handles with a single knob applied at the apex-handle junction constitute Variant 8a (Pe 8a), those with a pair of knobs in some cases shaped into horns constitute Variant 8b (Pe 8b) and those with three knobs constitute Variant 8c (Pe 8c). Manufacture: same as for the baking lids of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/124. (Pls. 1:11; 4:13; 6:16; 36: 1; 41: 3; 60:13; 67: 4; 73: 5; 81:11; 82: 3, 4) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: predominantly found in the layers associated with Wall I (Fig. 54). 333 Grahek 2013, 2/258 = 518. 334 Grahek 2013, 2/428 = 688. 335 Grahek 2013, 2/381 = 641. 333 Grahek 2013, 2/258 = 518. 334 Grahek 2013, 2/428 = 688. 335 Grahek 2013, 2/381 = 641. 180 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT TIP Pe 9 Oblika: Ročaji pekev z rebrom na korenu (sl. 51), ki je prilepljeno ali modelirano. Izdelava: Kot pekve tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/124. (t. 2: 4; 37:1) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvin Pekve tipa 9 so zastopane predvsem v plasteh k zidu I in se v plasteh, mlajših od zidu II, pojavljajo le posamično (sl. 54). 3.4.18 PLADNJI (Pl) Pladnje imenujemo nizke, odprte posode z ravnim dnom, ki imajo lahko tudi nizko nogo.336 Ker predvidevamo, da gre za pekače, o čemer pričajo tako sledi ognja kot tudi zapečeni organski ostanki na njihovi površini, jih uvrščamo med ognjiščne predmete. TIP Pl 1 Oblika: Pladnji z ravnim dnom in kratkim, rahlo izvi-hanim robom ali nizkim pokončnim ostenjem z zaobljenim ustjem (sl. 52). Izdelava: Iz drobnozrnate lončarske mase prostoročno izdelani pladnji so bili oksidacijsko ali redukcijsko žgani. Površina je gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/124. (t. 5: 9; 54: 5; 61: 3; 86: 8) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Pladnji tipa 1 so pogosti v plasteh k zidu I in med zidovoma I in II. Razmeroma številni kosi izvirajo tudi iz latenskih plasteh (sl. 54). Opombe: Pladnji tipa 1 so lahko tudi okrašeni. Zasledili smo okras vodoravnega razčlenjenega rebra, pladenj ID 6701/097-029 (t. 61: 3) pa je imel ob strani pritrjen svitkast ročaj. TIP Pl 2 Oblika: Pladnji z nizko nogo, ravnim dnom in kratkim, rahlo izvihanim robom (sl. 52). Izdelava: Kot pladnji tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/126. (t. 10:12; 75: 8) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Pladnja tipa 2 izvirata iz plasti k zidu II in plasti k zidu III. Opombe: Pladnji tipa 2 so lahko tudi okrašeni. Na primerku ID 7421/017-004 = 7421/020-002 (t. 75:8) smo zasledili okras modeliranega, s šilom razčlenjenega rebra. TYPE Pe 9 Form: baking lid handles with a cordon either applied or modelled out of the handle at the apex-handle junction (Fig. 51). Manufacture: same as for the baking lids of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/124. (Pls. 2: 4; 37:1) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: predominantly found in the layers associated with Wall I, individually also in the layers later than Wall II (Fig. 54). 3.4.18 PLATTERS (Pl) Platters are shallow open vessels with a flat base and sometimes a low foot.336 Traces of fire and burnt organic remains on their surface suggest that they were used as baking pans and are therefore treated as hearth utensils. TYPE Pl 1 Form: platters with a flat base and either a short, slightly everted rim or a low upright body with a rounded lip (Fig. 52). Manufacture: hand-built; of medium-grained fabric; fired in an oxidising or a reducing atmosphere; surface is smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/124. (Pls. 5: 9; 54: 5; 61: 3; 86: 8) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: frequently found in the layers associated with Wall I and those between Walls I and II, relatively numerous also in the La Tene layers (Fig. 54). Notes: may also bear decoration of a horizontal cordon with impressions, while the platter of ID 6701/097-029 (Pl. 61:3) has a round vertical handle applied to the body. TYPE Pl 2 Form: platters with a low foot, a flat base and a short, slightly everted rim (Fig. 52). Manufacture: same as for the platters of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/126. (Pls. 10:12; 75: 8) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: the two platters of Type 2 were found in the layers associated with Wall II and Wall III, respectively. Notes: may also bear decoration; the platter of ID 7421/017-004 = 7421/020-002 (Pl. 75: 8) bears a cordon modelled out of the wall and decorated with tool impressions. 336 Dular 1982, 15, sl. 1: 24; Horvat 19 9 9 , 85 . 336 Dular 1982, (15), 171, Fig. 1: 24; Horvat 1999, 85. 181 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT 3.4.19 PRENOSNE PEČKE (Pp) IN OGNJIŠČNE REŠETKE (Or) Prenosne pečke v literaturi najpogosteje zasledimo pod imeni prenosna ognjišča337 ali ognjiščna kozica.338 Ker poimenovanje ni usklajeno niti ni povsem poenoteno niti izrazoslovje za opis posameznih delov predmeta, na tem mestu podajam svoj predlog (sl. 50: B), Prenosne pečke je skupno ime za skupino predmetov, ki so omogočali peko ali kuho hrane.339 Za razliko od ognjiščnih rešetk (Or),340 imajo prenosne pečke (Pp) pekač na podstavku, kar kaže, da so služile za drugačen način peke oziroma kuhanja. Ognjiščne rešetke (sl. 52: Or) so bile prostoročno oblikovane, običajno iz drobnozrnate lončarske mase. Zaradi svoje namembnosti, torej izpostavljenosti ognju so nemalokrat prežgane, njihova običajno gladka površina pa je mehka. Redki najdeni kosi izvirajo predvsem iz plasti k zidu I in plasti k zidu II (sl. 54). Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/126. (t. 67: 5) TIP Pp 1 Oblika: Neokrašene prenosne pečke (sl. 52). Glede na oblikovanost pekača razlikujemo med prenosnimi pečkami tipa 1a (Pp 1a), ki imajo povsem ravno zgornjo ploskev, in tistimi tipa 1b (Pp 1b) z nekoliko usločeno zgornjo ploskvijo ter prenosnimi pečkami tipa 1c (Pp 1c), ki imajo pekač v obliki pladnja s kratkim izvihanim robom. Izdelava: Prostoročno, najpogosteje iz drobnozrnate lončarske mase izdelane prenosne pečke so običajno oksidacijsko žgane. Površina je pogosto gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/126. (t. 22: 13; 25: 13; 26: 7; 28: 1, 3, 4; 64: 7; 68:12, 13; 70:13; 84: 4) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Prenosne pečke tipa 1 so zastopane v vseh plasteh, a so bile najpogosteje najdene v plasteh k zidu I in II (sl. 54). Opombe: Med prenosne pečke tipa 1 smo uvrstili tudi pečko ID 6702/064-009 (t. 64: 7), ki je imela notranjo stran ostenja in zgornjo površino pekača premazano s črnim smolnatim premazom, ter pečko ID 6805/106-004 (t. 68: 13), ki ima na ostenju le malo pod pekačem odlomljen svitkast držaj. Obe sta označeni z *. 3.4.19 PORTABLE OVENS (Pp) AND GRIDIRONS (Or) Portable ovens are due to inconsistent terminology usually known in the Slovenian literature either as prenosna ognjišča (portable ovens)337 or ognjiščne kozice (firedogs).338 Neither is there a standard nomenclature for their individual parts. The terminology used here may therefore be considered as an attempt at standardising such terminology in the Slovenian language (Fig. 50: B). Portable ovens (Pp), also known in literature as pyraunoi, are objects used in either baking or cooking food.339 Contrary to gridirons (Or),340 they have a pan on top of a base that suggests a different manner of preparing food. Gridirons (Fig. 52: Or) are hand-built usually of a medium-grained fabric. Through use, i.e. exposure to fire, they are often burnt and, consequently, their otherwise smooth surface is soft. Fragments of these objects are rare and were mostly found in the layers associated with Walls I and II (Fig. 54). Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/126. (Pl. 67: 5) TYPE Pp 1 Form: undecorated portable ovens (Fig. 52). Based on the shape of the pan, the ovens with a completely flat upper surface constitute Variant 1a (Pp 1a), those with a slightly concave upper surface constitute Variant 1b (Pp 1b) and those with the upper surface in the shape of a platter or baking pan with a short everted rim constitute Variant 1c (Pp 1c). Manufacture: hand-built, mostly of medium-grained fabric; mostly fired in an oxidising atmosphere; surface often smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/126. (Pls. 22: 13; 25:13; 26: 7; 28: 1, 3, 4; 64: 7; 68:12, 13; 70:13; 84: 4) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers, most numerously in those associated with Walls I and II (Fig. 54). Notes: Type 1 portable ovens include that of ID 6702/064009 (Pl. 64: 7) with the interior of the stand and the upper surface covered in a black resinous paint, and that of ID 6805/106-004 (Pl. 68:13) with a lug of a round cross section on the stand just below the pan, both marked with an asterisk (*). 337 Npr. Dular et al. 1995, 130, t. 21: 3. 338 Npr. Dular, Ciglenecki, Dular 1995, 222 s, t. 35; 36: 3-4, 6-7, 9-11. 339 Romsauer 2003, 15 ss. 340 Prim. Mangel et al. 2015. 337 E.g. Dular et al. 1995, 130, Pl. 21: 3. 338 E.g. Dular, Ciglenecki, Dular 1995, 222 f, Pls. 35; 36: 3-4, 6-7, 9-11. 339 Romsauer 2003, 15 ff. 340 Cf. Mangel et al. 2015. 182 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT TIP Pp 2 Oblika: Okrašene prenosne pečke (sl. 52). Glede na izdelavo in motiv okrasa razlikujemo med štirimi variantami. Pečke tipa 2a (Pp 2a) imajo ostenje okrašeno z bradavicami, pri pečkah tipa 2b (Pp 2b) se pojavlja okras rebra, ki je najpogosteje razčlenjeno z odtisi prstov, prenosne pečke tipa 2c (Pp 2c) pa so okrašene z vodoravnimi kanelurami. Sestavljeni okras iz vrezov, odtisov in/ali z nalepkami se pojavlja pri pečkah tipa 2d (Pp 2d). Izdelava: Kot prenosne pečke tipa 1. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/126. (t. 2: 11; 5: 7; 19: 6; 22: 14; 28:2; 29:10, 15; 34:17; 42:10; 63:12; 66:20; 73:15; 75: 5; 87: 22) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Prenosne pečke tipa 2 so zastopane v vseh plasteh. Pri tem pečke tipa 2d izvirajo predvsem iz plasti k zidu II, pečke tipa 2b pa iz plasti k zidu III (sl. 54). Opombe: Pri obravnavi prenosnih pečk tipa 2 nismo upoštevali oblikovanosti nepreluknjanega pekača, temveč smo jih razvrščali le glede na okras. Med njimi izstopata fragment ID 6914/019-005 (t. 22: 14) s trikotno oblikovanimi odprtinami za zrak in fragment ID 6703/060-008 (t. 34: 17), ki ima na zunanji strani oblikovano pravokotno stojno ploskev. Glede na okras smo oba fragmenta uvrstili med prenosne pečke tipa 2d, a sta zaradi svojih posebnosti označena z *. 3.4.20 OGNJIŠČNE KOZE (Ok) Ognjiščne koze (sl. 52: Ok) so podolgovati masivni podstavki, običajno trapezastega preseka s prečnimi predrtinami, ki so v literaturi imenovani tudi ražnji.341 V Stični razlikujemo med neokrašenimi kozami tipa 1 (Ok 1) in z vtisnjenimi jamicami okrašenimi kozami tipa 2 (Ok 2). K okrašenim kozam prištevamo tudi koze tipa 3 (Ok 3), ki so sedlaste oblike in imajo zaključke v obliki živalskih glav. Bile so prostoročno izdelane, navadno iz drobnozrnate lončarske mase in običajno oksidacijsko žgane. Površina je pogosto gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/128. (t. 8: 18; 15: 20; 28: 5, 6; 37:11; 82:12) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Ognjiščne koze so skupno zastopane v plasteh k vsem trem halštatskim zidovom, vendar so koze tipa 1 pogoste predvsem v plasti med zidovoma I in II (sl. 54), manj številne koze tipa 3 in 2 pa se pojavijo šele v plasteh k zidu II. To še posebej velja za koze tipa 3, ki so vse iz plasti k zidu II, medtem ko koze tipa 2 pretežno izvirajo iz plasti k zidu III.342 341 Dular 1982, 15, sl. 1: 26; Horvat 1999, 174. 342 Grahek 2013, 2/211 ss = 471 ss. TYPE Pp 2 Form: decorated portable ovens (Fig. 52). Based on the decorative technique and motif, the ovens with knobs on the stand constitute Variant 2a (Pp 2a), those with a cordon usually decorated with finger impressions constitute Variant 2b (Pp 2b), those with horizontal shallow grooves constitute Variant 2c (Pp 2c) and those with decoration composed of incisions, impressions and/or appliques constitute Variant 2d (Pp 2d). Manufacture: same as for the portable ovens of Type 1. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/126. (Pls. 2:11; 5: 7; 19: 6; 22:14; 28:2; 29:10, 15; 34:17; 42:10; 63:12; 66:20; 73:15; 75: 5; 87: 22) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers; those of Variant 2d predominantly originated from the layers associated with Wall II, while those of Variant 2b were mostly found in the layers associated with Wall III (Fig. 54). Notes: classification of the Type 2 portable ovens is not based on the shape of the non-punctured pan, only the decoration. Standing apart is the fragment of ID 6914/019-005 (Pl. 22:14) with triangular air holes in the stand and the fragment of ID 6703/060-008 (Pl. 34: 17) with an externally rectangular stand. Based on their decoration, both are portable ovens of Variant 2d, but are marked with an asterisk (*). 3.4.20 FIREDOGS (Ok) Firedogs (Fig. 52: Ok) are large horizontal stands, usually trapezoid in section and bear a number of holes pierced along their length. In the literature they are also known as andirons.341Within the Stična settlement pottery there are undecorated firedogs, constituting Type 1 (Ok 1), firedogs decorated with impressed dots constituting Type 2 (Ok 2) and saddle-shaped firedogs decorated with animal-head finials constituting Type 3 (Ok 3). They are hand-built, usually of medium-grained fabric, usually fired in an oxidising atmosphere and frequently with a smooth surface. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/128. (Pls. 8: 18; 15: 20; 28: 5, 6; 37:11; 82:12) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in the layers associated with all three Hallstatt walls. More precisely, the firedogs of Type 1 were most numerously found in the layers between Walls I and II (Fig. 54), while the otherwise rarer pieces of the Types 3 and 2 firedogs only appeared in the layers associated with Wall II. This is particularly true of Type 3 that were only found in the layers associated with Wall II, while the firedogs of Type 2 predominantly originate from the layers associated with Wall III.342 341 Dular 1982, (15), 171, Fig. 1: 26; Horvat 1999, 174. 342 Grahek 2013, 2/211 ff = 471 ff. 183 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT 3.4.21 SVITKI (S) Svitki so debeli glinasti obroči (sl. 52: S).343 Zaradi svoje rabe so velikokrat ožgani, lahko tudi povsem prežgani, saj so najverjetneje služili kot podstavki ob oziroma na ognjišču. So prostoročno izdelani iz drobnozrnate lončarske mase, običajno oksidacijsko žgani. Površina je bila pretežno gladka. Ker so bili svitki zaradi svoje uporabe večkrat prežgani, so pogosto mehki, površina pa je hrapava. Razlikujemo med neokrašenimi svitki tipa 1 (S 1) in z odtisi ali vrezi okrašenimi svitki tipa 2 (S 2). Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/128. (t. 5:14; 6:11, 17; 9:14; 18: 14,15; 23: 8, 12; 26:16; 41:11,12; 42:13; 50:10; 57: 15; 58:25, 27; 63: 8; 65: 4; 66: 7, 23; 67:10; 68: 4, 68: 15; 71:18; 77:14; 81:15; 82: 5,13; 84: 7, 8; 85: 8; 87: 19; 93: 26) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Svitki so bili izkopani v vseh plasteh, pri čemer so bili redki primerki svitkov tipa 2 najdeni predvsem v plasteh k zidu I in II (sl. 54). Opombe: Verjetno moramo imeti za svitek tudi v latenski plasti najden fragment ID 6805/111-067 (t. 71:18). Gre za fragment obroča polkrožnega preseka, ki je okrašen z vodoravnimi kanelurami. Fragment, ki ne omogoča zanesljive rekonstrukcije celotnega predmeta, je označen kot S*. 3.4.22 UTEŽI (U) Uteži so masivni predmeti, ki imajo na zgornjem delu prečno luknjo.344 Povezujemo jih s tkanjem, zato so predvsem piramidalne uteži večkrat poimenovane kar uteži za statve. Med obravnavano keramiko so zastopane predvsem piramidalne uteži (sl. 52: U). Razlikujemo med neokrašenimi piramidalnimi utežmi tipa 1 (U 1) in okrašenimi piramidalnimi utežmi tipa 2. Okras je običajno vtisnjen, lahko tudi vrezan. Uteži tipa 2a (U 2a) imajo okrašeno spodnjo, uteži tipa 2b (U 2b) pa zgornjo površino. Okras se lahko pojavlja tudi na stranskih ploskvah. Kljub temu da so preostale oblike uteži v Stični le redko zastopane, razlikujemo razen tega še med dvema tipoma. Kot uteži tipa 3 (U 3) obravnavamo primerka stožčaste oblike, pri čemer je ena utež neokrašena, druga pa ima na zgornji in spodnji ploskvi odtis prsta; posamezno najdbo ovalno oblikovane uteži pa obravnavamo kot utež tipa 4 (U 4). Vse uteži so bile prostoročno izdelane, in sicer najpogosteje iz drobnozrnate lončarske mase ter običajno redukcijsko žgane. Površina je bila najpogosteje gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/129. (t. 12: 8; 13: 18, 19; 14: 9; 20: 6; 23: 11; 24: 6; 26: 4; 28:13; 29: 18; 34: 19; 39: 13; 50: 9; 54:11; 55:19; 56:22; 57:14; 58:24; 61: 8; 62:13; 63: 7; 64: 8) 343 Dular 1982, 15, sl. 1: 29; Horvat 1999, 179. 344 Dular 1982, 15, sl. 1: 27; Horvat 1999, 179. 3.4.21 CERAMIC RINGS (S) Ceramic rings343 (Fig. 52: S) frequently show traces of being burnt, sometimes burnt through and most probably served as pot stands at or on the hearth. They are hand-built of medium-grained fabric, usually fired in an oxidising atmosphere and mostly of a smooth surface. Because they show traces of fire exposure, they are often smooth and their surface is rough. They can be either plain, constituting Type 1 (S 1), or decorated with impressions or incisions, constituting Type 2 (S 2). Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/128. (Pls. 5: 14; 6: 11, 17; 9: 14; 18: 14, 15; 23: 8, 12; 26: 16; 41: 11, 12; 42: 13; 50: 10; 57: 15; 58: 25, 27; 63: 8; 65: 4; 66: 7, 23; 67:10; 68: 4, 68:15; 71: 18; 77: 14; 81:15; 82: 5, 13; 84: 7, 8; 85: 8; 87: 19; 93: 26) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: found in all layers, with the rare pieces of Type 2 found primarily in the layers associated with Walls I and II (Fig. 54). Notes: fragment of ID 6805/111-067 (Pl. 71:18) found in a La Tene layer can probably also be considered a ceramic ring; it is semicircular in cross section and decorated with horizontal grooves. The fragment that cannot be reconstructed as to its original form is marked as S*. 3.4.22 WEIGHTS (U) Weights are solid ceramic objects with a horizontal hole through their upper parts.344 They are connected with weaving, hence they are often, particularly if pyramidal in shape, called loom weights. The most common weights are the pyramidal ones (Fig. 52: U), which can be either plain, constituting Type 1 (U 1), or decorated, constituting Type 2. The decoration is usually impressed, sometimes also incised. The weights of Variant 2a (U 2a) bear decoration on the underside and those of Variant 2b (U 2b) on the upper side. Decoration can also be found on the sides. Other shapes of weights at Stična are rare and are of two types. The two weights of Type 3 (U 3) are conical with one plain and the other bearing a finger impression on both the upper and the underside. The oval weight constitutes Type 4 (U 4). All weights are hand-built, mostly of medium-grained fabric, usually fired in a reducing atmosphere and with a surface that is most often smooth. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/129. (Pls. 12: 8; 13: 18, 19; 14: 9; 20: 6; 23:11; 24: 6; 26: 4; 28: 13; 29:18; 34: 19; 39: 13; 50: 9; 54:11; 55:19; 56: 22; 57:14; 58:24; 61: 8; 62:13; 63: 7; 64: 8) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: the weights of Type 1 were found in all layers, the fewest in those associated with Wall III. The weights of Type 2 were pre- 343 Dular 1982, (15), 171, Fig. 1: 29; Horvat 1999, 179. 344 Dular 1982, (15), 171, Fig. 1: 27; Horvat 1999, 179. 184 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Sl. 52:Prenosne pečke, ognjiščne koze, ognjiščna rešetka, pladnji, svitki, uteži, vretenca, črepinjske ploščice, motki in šoba. Fig. 52: Portable ovens, firedogs, a gridiron, platters, ceramic rings, weights, spindle whorls, sherd whorls, bobbins and a nozzle. 185 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Uteži tipa 1 so zastopane v vseh plasteh, pri čemer jih najmanj izvira iz plasti k zidu III. Iz plasti k zidu I do vključno plasti k zidu II izvira večina uteži tipa 2 (sl. 54). Medtem ko je bila utež tipa 4 najdena v plasti k zidu I, izvirata primerka uteži tipa 3 najverjetneje iz plasti k zidu III ter latenske plasti.345 Opombe: Med utežmi tipa 1 po velikosti močno izstopata uteži ID 6702/064-038 (t. 64: 8) in 6911/ pl.4- 001,346 ki sta označeni z *. Ker sta bili obe veliki uteži izpostavljeni ognju in tako prežgani, je možno, da sta služili kot ognjiščna podstavka. 3.4.23 VRETENCA (Vr) IN ČREPINJSKE PLOŠČICE (Čp) Vretenca so manjše navpično predrte glinene ute-ži.347 Njihovo uporabo največkrat povezujemo s prede-njem. Čeprav so vretenca lahko različno okrašena, jih razvrščamo le glede na obliko (sl. 52: Vr). Razlikujemo med kroglastimi vretenci tipa 1 (Vr 1), bikoničnimi vretenci tipa 2a (Vr 2a), ki imajo največji obod približno na sredini, bikoničnimi vretenci z največjim obodom v spodnji tretjini tipa 2b (Vr 2b), stožčastimi vretenci tipa 3 (Vr 3); sodčasto oblikovanimi vretenci tipa 4 (Vr 4), profiliranimi vretenci tipa 5 (Vr 5) in diskastimi vretenci tipa 6 (Vr 6). Vretenca so vsa izdelana prostoročno, najpogosteje iz finozrnate lončarske mase in večinoma redukcijsko žgana. Površina je običajno gladka. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/129. (t. 1:16; 4:16; 6: 7; 7:12; 8: 10, 19; 9:15-17; 10:10, 17; 12: 9, 16; 14:16; 15: 21; 16:18; 17: 9, 10,17; 18:13; 20:10; 21:13; 24:10, 21; 25:19; 26:5, 8,10; 27: 3; 29:20-22; 29:23; 30:18; 33: 11,17; 34: 7; 37:14; 38:6; 40:18; 41:5, 8; 42:2-6; 43: 3, 6, 19; 45: 4, 5; 47:16; 48: 5, 17; 49:12; 50:13; 51: 12; 52: 10; 54: 16; 55: 11; 58: 11; 59: 18; 60: 17, 18; 66: 6, 17, 24; 72: 6; 73: 7, 13, 14, 18; 74: 6, 7, 14; 76: 1; 80: 9; 81:16; 87:12; 88: 7, 10; 89: 3, 7; 93:11-13; 94:15, 24; 95: 7, 22) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Vretenca so skupno zastopana v vseh plasteh. Pri tem vretenca tipa 3 in 4 izvirajo pretežno iz plasti k zidu I, vretenca tipa 2 pa predvsem iz plasti k zidu II in III. Iz plasti k zidu III izvirajo večinoma vretenca tipa 5, medtem ko je bil največji delež vretenc tipa 1 najden v latenskih plasteh (sl. 54). Predvsem iz latenskih plasti izvirajo tudi vretenca tipa 6. Zastopana so v latenski plasti iz sonde 6, v plasteh k obema prečnima zidovoma ter plasteh na zahodni terasi, posamezna primerka pa izvirata še iz plasti k zidu I ter plasti k zidu III (sl. 55). Opombe: Med vretenci tipa 1 izstopata vretenci ID 6703/059-008 (t. 33:17) in 7016A/017-039 (t. 15: 345 Grahek 2013, 2/275 ss = 535 ss. 346 Grahek 2013, 2/301 = 461. 347 Dular 1982, 15, sl. 1: 28; Horvat 1999, 179. dominantly found in the layers associated with Wall I, Wall II and the layers between Walls I and II (Fig. 54). The two weights of Type 3 were most probably found in the layer associated with Wall III and in a La Tene layer. The weight of Type 4 was found in a layer associated with Wall I.345 Notes: standing apart from the Type 1 weights in their size are those of ID 6702/064-038 (Pl. 64: 8) and 6911/ pl.4-001,346 both marked with an asterisk (*). They show traces of fire exposure and may have served as pot stands. 3.4.23 SPINDLE WHORLS (Vr) AND SHERD WHORLS (Cp) Spindle whorls are small vertically perforated ceramic weights.347 They are often connected with spinning. Although spindle whorls can bear varied decoration, they are distinguished on the basis of their form only (Fig. 52: Vr). The globular whorls constitute Type 1 (Vr 1), the biconical ones constitute Type 2 with those of the maximum diameter roughly in the middle forming Variant 2a (Vr 2a) and those with the maximum diameter in the lower third forming Variant 2b (Vr 2b), the conical ones constitute Type 3 (Vr 3), the barrel-shaped ones constitute Type 4 (Vr 4), the moulded ones constitute Type 5 (Vr 5) and the disc-shaped ones constitute Type 6 (Vr 6). Spindle whorls are hand-built, mostly frequently of fine-grained fabric and mostly fired in a reducing atmosphere with a predominantly smooth surface. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/129. (Pls. 1: 16; 4: 16; 6: 7; 7: 12; 8: 10, 19; 9: 15-17; 10: 10, 17; 12: 9, 16; 14: 16; 15: 21; 16:18; 17: 9,10, 17; 18:13; 20:10; 21:13; 24:10, 21; 25: 19; 26: 5, 8, 10; 27: 3; 29: 20-22; 29: 23; 30: 18; 33:11, 17; 34: 7; 37:14; 38: 6; 40:18; 41: 5, 8; 42: 2-6; 43: 3, 6, 19; 45: 4, 5; 47:16; 48: 5,17; 49:12; 50: 13; 51: 12; 52: 10; 54: 16; 55: 11; 58: 11; 59: 18; 60: 17, 18; 66: 6, 17, 24; 72: 6; 73: 7, 13, 14, 18; 74: 6, 7, 14; 76:1; 80: 9; 81:16; 87:12; 88: 7, 10; 89: 3, 7; 93: 11-13; 94:15, 24; 95: 7, 22) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: spindle whorls were found in all layers. Those of Types 3 and 4 were predominantly found in the layers associated with Wall I, those of Type 2 mostly in the layers associated with Walls II and III. The layers associated with Wall III mostly yielded the whorls of Type 5. Most of the whorls of Type 1 were found in the La Tene layers (Fig. 54). The whorls of Type 6 were also mostly found in the La Tene layers. More precisely, they were found in the La Tene layer in Trench 6, in the layers associated with both crosswalls and the layers on the western terrace, individual examples 345 Grahek 2013, 2/275 ff = 535 ff. 346 Grahek 2013, 2/301 = 461. 347 Dular 1982, (15), 171, Fig. 1: 28; Horvat 1999, 179. 186 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT 21). Morda gre za razdelilni vretenci, saj sta predrti tako navpično kot tudi vodoravno. Označeni sta z *. K vretencem tipa 1 smo prišteli tudi primerek glinene frnikole ID 6808/094-024(t. 74: 7), ki je označena z *. Posebno skupino tvorijo vretenca tipa 7 (Vr 7), ki so oblikovno podobna vretencem tipa 6. Razlikujejo se po načinu izdelave. Medtem ko so bila vretenca tipa 1-6 oblikovana iz lončarske mase in nato žgana, so vretenca tipa 7 izdelana iz fragmentov posod. Fragmenti bolj ali manj okrogle oblike so bili ob robovih povsem zglajeni in na sredini preluknjani. Vretenca tipa 7 so pogosto izdelana iz črepinjskih ploščic (sl. 52: Čp), ki jih nekateri imenujejo tudi keramični žetoni.348 Glede na način izdelave posod, iz katerih so vretenca tipa 7, razlikujemo med prostoročno izdelanimi in tistimi izdelanimi na hitrem lončarskem vretenu, ki so označena kot vretenca tipa 7a (Vr 7a). Enako je označen tudi edini primerek črepinjske ploščice iz na vretenu oblikovane posode (Čp a). Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/130. (t. 19: 1; 49: 17; 59: 2, 3; 66:1; 74:20; 78: 9; 81:14; 87:15, 18; 93:10; 94:14) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Vretenca tipa 7 so na eni strani zastopana v plasteh k zidu I, na drugi strani pa izvirajo predvsem iz latenskih plasti (sl. 55). Črepinjske ploščice iz prostoročno izdelanih posod so zastopane bodisi v plasteh k zidu I do vključno plasteh k zidu II bodisi v latenskih plasteh (sl. 54), kjer je bila najdena ploščica iz na hitrem lončarskem vretenu izdelane posode. 3.4.24 MOTKI (M) IN ŠOBE (Š) Motek je valjast predmet, ki ga na obeh straneh zaključuje vsaj nekoliko razširjeno ustje. Domnevno so služili kot tuljava za prejo, vendar pa jih zasledimo tudi pod oznako šoba349, lahko celo kot noge.350 Motki (sl. 52: M) so torej prostoročno, povečini iz drobnozrnate lončarske mase izdelani in oksidacijsko žgani valjasti predmeti. Površina je navadno gladka. Razlikujemo med masivnimi motki tipa 1 (M 1) in votlimi motki, pri katerih imajo motki tipa 2a (M 2a) ravno, lijakasto oblikovano ustje, motki tipa 2b (M 2b) pa kratko, lahko tudi nekoliko odebeljeno izvihano ustje. Motki so lahko tudi okrašeni. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/130. (t. 24:20; 28:11, 12; 29:19; 32: 14; 33: 10, 12; 50: 17; 56: 13; 59: 8; 60: 15, 16; 72:10; 73: 6) Stratigrafsko-kronološki okvir: Maloštevilni primerki motkov tipa 1 so zastopani le v plasteh k zidu I do vključno plasti k zidu II. V plasteh k zidu II se po- 348 Npr. Sakara Sučevic 2004, 91. 349 Npr. Dular, Ciglenečki, Dular 1995, 225, t. 44: 8-10. 350 Npr. Dular et al. 2000, 144, t. 13: 3. were also found in the layers associated with Wall I and Wall III, respectively (Fig. 55). Notes: standing apart among the whorls of Type 1 are those of ID 6703/059-008 (Pl. 33:17) and 7016A/017-039 (Pl. 15:21), which are perforated both vertically and horizontally and may have served as distributors; they are marked with an asterisk (*). The spindle whorls of Type 1 also include the small ceramic ball of ID 6808/094-024 (Pl. 74: 7), marked with an asterisk (*). A special group of spindle whorls is that of Type 7 (Vr 7), which are formally comparable with those of Type 6, but differ in the production manner. The whorls of Types 1-6 were first shaped and then fired, while those of Type 7 were made from the sherds of already fired ceramic vessels. These whorls, in German literature called Scherbenwirtel, are round, smoothed along the edges and perforated in the centre. They are often made from round sherds (Fig. 52: Čp) that some Slovenian authors call (gaming) tokens or žetoni.348 The shaping technique of the vessels suggests a division of the Type 7 spindle whorls into hand-built and those thrown on the fast wheel, the latter marked as Variant 7a (Vr 7a). The only piece of a whorl made from a sherd of a vessel thrown on the fast wheel is marked similarly (Čp a). Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/130. (Pls. 19: 1; 49: 17; 59: 2, 3; 66:1; 74: 20; 78: 9; 81:14; 87:15, 18; 93:10; 94:14) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: spindle whorls of Type 7 were found in the layers associated with Wall I, but most numerously in the La Tene layers (Fig. 55). The sherd whorls made of hand-built vessels were found in the layers associated with Wall I, Wall II and those between Walls I and II, as well as in the La Tene layers (Fig. 54), the last also yielded the whorl made from a vessel thrown on the fast wheel. 3.4.24 BOBBINS (M) AND NOZZLES (Š) Bobbins are cylindrical objects with slightly everted rims on both sides, presumably used in spinning. They are sometimes misinterpreted and actually represent either nozzles349 or vessel feet350. Ceramic bobbins (Fig. 52: M) are hand-built, mostly of medium-grained fabric, fired in an oxidising atmosphere and usually have a smooth surface. There are solid bobbins, constituting Type 1 (M 1), and hollow bobbins, constituting Type 2. Of the latter, those with a straight funnel-shaped rim form Variant 2a (M 2a) and those with a short and sometimes slightly thickened everted rim form Variant 2b (M 2b). Bobbins may also bear decoration. 348 E.g. Sakara Sučevic 2004, 91. 349 E.g. Dular, Ciglenečki, Dular 1995, 225, Pl. 44: 8-10. 350 E.g. Dular et al. 2000, 144, Pl. 13: 3. 187 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT faza / Phase Pi1 Pi 2 L la Lib L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10 Lil L12 L13 L14 L15 L16 L17 L17a L17b 1 11 15 174 126 7 18 20 18 6 29 14 3 12 19 3 3 13 11 2 l/ll 8 19 39 28 2 3 5 7 1 2 17 6 2 6 9 1 6 4 2 II 7 64 98 55 1 6 9 13 4 1 22 3 3 3 7 16 2 4 3 1 2 III 2 33 73 35 2 2 6 4 2 16 8 3 5 5 5 20 2 2 12 8 4 Lt 5 37 47 17 1 2 3 2 12 10 12 4 14 16 33 12 3 29 20 9 neopred. / UNDETM. 10 14 4 2 1 3 1 2 2 4 5 7 5 2 skupno/Total 33 178 445 265 12 30 42 44 11 11 99 41 18 10 29 48 101 25 12 70 49 21 faza / Phase L18 L19 L 20 L21 L 22a L 22b L 23 L 24 L 25 L 26 L 27 L 28 L 29 L 30 L31 L 32 L 33 L 34 Lsv Lsv 2 Lsv 3 B 1 5 2 1 1 3 21 3 6 2 3 2 1 1 6 4 8 1 4 l/ll 2 1 2 1 2 4 19 4 2 4 4 1 5 2 II 3 1 3 2 4 2 18 3 4 5 1 2 7 3 7 1 III 6 1 1 5 3 2 1 20 2 2 1 7 1 5 15 5 2 2 4 Lt 11 3 9 8 5 30 5 4 4 3 2 3 98 4 9 1 5 neopred./UNDETM. 2 1 1 10 2 1 1 1 1 4 15 2 1 1 skupno/Total 29 3 5 21 14 6 12 8 118 19 19 4 23 3 5 7 29 128 19 32 4 17 faza / Phase C1-3 C 4(a) VI Lo Ro 1 Ro2 Ski Skia Sk 1b Sk 2 Sk 2b Sk 3 Sk4 Sk 4a Sk5 Sk6 Sk 7 Sk8 Sk 9 Sk 10 Sk 11 pos. obl. 1 10 5 4 2 9 3 3 14 2 2 1 1 11 5 2 6 7 1 l/ll 10 2 2 2 2 5 1 3 1 3 3 2 3 2 1 II 31 3 4 1 4 3 5 2 3 15 2 1 3 1 13 6 1 8 5 1 III 15 2 4 21 3 2 1 1 10 3 2 4 11 10 2 5 3 1 2 2 Lt 4 2 2 4 3 1 13 2 1 6 1 2 2 3 1 1 2 neopred./UNDETM. 4 2 2 2 6 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 skupno/Total 74 7 17 7 15 5 22 9 8 63 11 8 9 4 45 26 11 26 21 3 5 4 faza / Phase Lal La 2 La 3 La 4 La 5 La 6 La 7 La 8 La 9 La 10 Lall La 12 La 13 La 14 La 15a La 15b La 16 La 17 La 18 La 19 La 20 La 21 1 9 38 16 9 5 10 11 1 3 2 83 27 4 8 4 6 13 2 19 6 l/ll 4 12 4 1 1 10 1 1 38 13 2 3 6 2 6 1 3 II 11 14 8 4 3 31 6 3 3 1 52 16 1 1 4 3 7 12 3 5 2 III 1 17 4 3 1 15 3 1 40 8 1 4 8 1 5 1 8 2 3 4 Lt 6 11 3 1 4 2 24 10 1 2 3 2 2 5 1 neopred./UNDETM. 2 4 1 4 5 3 1 1 1 1 skupno/Total 33 96 35 17 12 74 22 6 7 3 242 77 7 17 23 13 34 5 51 13 8 9 Sl. 53: Delež najdb tipov posodja v plasteh k posameznemu zidu ter latenskih plasteh. Fig. 53: Shares of vessel types in the layers associated with individual Hallstatt walls and in the La Tene layers. javijo motki tipa 2, ki so pogostejši v plasteh k zidu III in latenskih plasteh (sl. 54), pri čemer jih največ izvira iz latenskih plasti na zahodni terasi (sl. 55). Opombe: Med motki tipa 2b izstopa fragment ID 6703/039-001 (t. 33:10), ki je označen z *. Gre za fragment motka, ki je imel na ostenju prečno predrtino. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/130. (Pls. 24: 20; 28: 11, 12; 29: 19; 32: 14; 33: 10, 12; 50: 17; 56: 13; 59: 8; 60: 15, 16; 72:10; 73: 6) Chrono-stratigraphic attribution: bobbins of Type 1 are rare and were only found in the layers associated with Wall I, Wall II and those between Walls I and II. The bobbins of Type 2 appeared in the layers as- 188 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT faza / Phase Pol Po2 Po3 Po4 d 1 d2 d 3 d4 d5 d 6 d 7 d8 d9 dIO d 11 d 12 d 13 d 14 d 15 n nI nI 1 3 4 1 1 16 6 232 57 2 4 13 9 4 6 2 1 58 8 13 3 9 l/ll 1 2 1 2 3 1 57 23 2 5 8 3 3 1 3 14 4 4 3 II 1 1 13 111 30 1 1 5 5 7 2 2 1 26 2 10 3 1 III 2 2 1 2 8 111 32 1 2 11 5 4 4 4 24 2 7 3 2 Lt 2 7 3 6 2 118 46 1 1 1 8 1 5 2 1 5 2 4 1 4 1 neopred./UNDETM. 1 1 3 24 14 4 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 skupno/Total 10 15 3 10 49 9 653 202 5 10 35 39 20 21 7 12 131 18 39 8 19 5 faza / Phase Pel Pe2 Pe3 Pe4 Pe5a Pe5b Pe6 Pe 7 Pc 8 Pe9 Pil Or Ppl Pp2 Pp2b Pp 2d Ok Okl SI S2 U1 U 2 1 185 163 58 224 4 29 5 11 21 11 5 2 15 4 1 1 2 2 54 1 9 2 l/ll 70 63 22 64 3 5 1 4 5 2 3 3 1 2 3 3 26 4 1 II 105 73 26 109 1 4 2 6 8 5 2 18 5 1 3 6 2 66 2 5 2 III 110 62 30 103 3 5 4 7 2 2 1 10 5 3 1 5 2 87 2 1 Lt 62 26 14 48 1 1 2 1 1 3 8 3 1 2 70 1 6 neopred./UNDETM. 12 8 27 1 3 1 1 6 1 1 28 1 3 skupno/Total 544 395 150 575 8 43 14 23 44 25 12 6 60 21 7 10 16 9 331 4 27 9 faza / Phase Vr Vrl Vr 2a Vr 2b Vr3 Vr4 Vr 5 Čp M1 M2 I 21 2 2 2 4 3 3 5 1 2 l/ll 8 1 1 4 1 2 2 1 2 II 16 2 6 5 3 1 2 8 III 30 3 5 9 2 2 7 13 Lt 31 4 3 3 1 1 2 2 18 neopred./UNDETM. 8 1 2 1 1 1 5 skupno/Total 114 12 18 25 8 8 18 10 4 48 Sl. 54: Delež najdb tipov keramike v plasteh k posameznemu zidu ter latenskih plasteh. Fig. 54: Shares of ceramic types in the layers associated with individual Hallstatt walls and in the La Tene layers. Kot smo že uvodoma opozorili, so motki večkrat označeni kot šobe (Š). To so valjasto ali stožčasto oblikovani predmeti (sl. 52: Š), ki jih povezujemo z metalurško dejavnostjo in so oblikovno res lahko podobni tudi motkom. Med obravnavano keramiko smo prepoznali dva fragmenta šob. Iz grobozrnate lončarske mase prostoročno izdelani in oksidacijsko žgani šobi imata gladko površino. Obe sta bili najdeni v latenskih plasteh.351 Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/130. (t. 19:13) sociated with Wall II and became more numerous in the layers associated with Wall III and in the La Tene layers (Fig. 54), with a concentration in the La Tene layers on the western terrace (Fig. 55). Notes: standing apart among the bobbins of Variant 2b is the fragment of ID 6703/039-001 (Pl. 33: 10) with a perforation in the wall and therefore marked with an asterisk (*). As mentioned above, objects interpreted as bobbins may sometimes actually represent nozzles (Š), which are either cylindrical or conical objects (Fig. 52: Š) used in metallurgy and can very closely resemble bobbins in shape. I identified two nozzle fragments among the ceramic finds from the Stična settlement. Both are hand-built of a coarse-grained fabric, fired in an oxidising atmosphere and have a smooth surface. Both were also found in the La Tene layers351. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/130. (t. 19:13) 351 Grahek 2013, 2/382 = 642. 351 Grahek 2013, 2/382 = 642. 189 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT faza / Phase Pi 3 L10 LH L12 L13 L14 L15 L 17a L 17b L18 L21 L22a L 23 L31 L 34 L 35 L 36 zidova/Walls l-ll 3 9 26 43 6 16 6 10 7 3 5 2 zid/Wall III 3 5 4 5 21 3 4 5 5 3 2 15 3 3 sonda /Trench 6 - Lt 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 3 sonda /Trench 5 - Lt a 1 1 1 1 8 sonda /Trench 5 - Lt b 1 1 1 3 6 sonde /Trenches 9,18,19- Lt zid / Crosswall 1 3 3 3 3 11 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 16 25 12 sonde /Trenches 9,18,19 - Lt zid / Crosswall 2 1 2 1 1 4 2 1 2 1 1 9 14 6 sonda /Trench 11 - pred zidom / Predating the wall 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 11 30 sonda/Trench 11-zid/Wall 4 1 1 2 13 3 5 3 2 2 2 2 24 62 3 Lt plast /Lt layer 3 1 7 8 8 4 7 1 4 3 1 1 33 43 24 rieopred. / UNDETM. 1 1 2 2 4 5 5 2 2 16 24 23 skupno/Total 15 12 10 29 48 101 25 49 21 29 21 14 12 5 128 215 80 faza / Phase L37 L38 L 39 L 40 L 41 L 42 L 43 V 2 Gl G2 G3 G4 G 5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10 zidova/Walls l-ll zid/Wall III 2 3 1 1 1 2 1 sonda /Trench 6 - Lt 1 1 sonda /Trench 5 - Lt a 1 7 2 1 3 3 1 1 sonda /Trench 5 - Lt b 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 sonde /Trenches 9,18,19 - Lt zid / Crosswall 1 6 2 1 1 2 7 1 21 2 1 4 3 4 3 5 1 sonde /Trenches 9,18,19 - Lt zid / Crosswall 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 12 3 1 2 3 2 1 sonda /Trench 11 - pred zidom / Predating the wall 9 1 1 10 1 1 2 1 sonda/Trench 11-zid/Wall 11 1 1 1 1 5 3 1 15 6 2 1 3 4 1 2 Lt plast/Lt layer 6 6 1 3 5 8 7 2 31 6 10 3 22 21 4 2 12 6 neopred./UNDETM. 5 2 2 1 2 4 2 10 7 2 1 9 9 2 2 3 2 skupno/Total 43 14 8 9 12 24 15 5 108 31 19 7 46 46 13 8 26 15 faza / Phase PI P 2 P 3 P4 Sk 12 Sk 13 Sk 14 Po 5 d 16 d 17 d 18 d 19 d 20 d 21 d 22 M2 Vr6 Vr7 zidova/Walls l-ll 12 1 3 zid/Wall III 1 2 1 1 4 2 1 5 1 2 13 1 sonda /Trench 6 - Lt 1 1 1 1 1 1 sonda /Trench 5 - Lt a 1 7 6 1 2 1 2 2 6 2 2 sonda /Trench 5 - Lt b 2 1 2 1 1 4 1 sonde /Trenches 9,18,19 - Lt zid / Crosswall 1 3 1 1 4 3 4 8 8 4 1 1 1 2 1 sonde /Trenches 9,18,19 - Lt zid / Crosswall 2 2 4 1 1 3 4 4 3 10 7 1 2 1 sonda/Trench 11 - pred zidom/Predating the wall 1 1 2 1 6 4 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 sonda/Trench 11-zid/Wall 1 2 2 1 3 1 1 11 3 11 3 2 5 2 1 Lt plast/Lt layer 12 13 3 1 3 3 3 3 11 3 22 25 4 5 2 7 2 3 neopred./UNDETM. 4 6 2 1 2 2 9 13 1 3 5 2 skupno /Total 25 38 14 5 16 17 6 9 45 19 74 64 17 10 6 48 12 12 Sl. 55: Delež najdb tipov posodja in posameznih tipov predmetov v latenskih plasteh ter plasteh stopnje zidu III. Fig. 55: Shares of vessel types and individual types of ceramic objects in the La Tene layers and the layers associated with Wall III. 190 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT 3.5 ANALIZA OKRASA Četrtina, natančneje 25,01 % ali 2.169 obravnavanih kosov keramike je okrašenih (sl. 59). Ker pa je bil okras eden izmed kriterijev pri izboru kosov izkopane keramike za obravnavo in 573 primerkov nam ni uspelo razvrstiti glede na vrsto oziroma tip posod, se moramo zavedati, da omenjeni odstotek okrašene keramike ne predstavlja v celoti, temveč gre le za približno oceno deleža okrašene keramike, ki je osnova za našo analizo. Primerjava deleža po plasteh vseh obravnavanih in okrašenih kosov kljub temu kaže, da je od skupnega deleža okrašene keramike ta nekoliko manjši le pri najdbah iz plasti stopnje zidu I; od skupnega povprečja večji delež okrašene keramike pa izvira iz latenskih plasti.352 Okras, ki je bil upoštevan že pri tipološki razvrstitvi keramike, je na tem mestu obravnavan predvsem z vidika načina izdelave in motiva. Okrašeno keramiko v prvi vrsti delim glede na način izvedbe okrasa. Zato najprej razlikujem med nebarvnim in barvnim okrasom, pri čemer se oba načina krašenja keramike pojavljata skupaj oziroma sta se oba ohranila pri 141 kosih ali 6,6 % okrašenih obravnavanih kosov keramike. Nebarvni okras zasledimo na 2.087 kosih ali pri 96,22 % okrašene keramike, to je 24,06 % vseh obravnavanih kosov keramike (sl. 59). Gre tako za oblike plastičnega okrasa na površini kot tudi za okras, ki posega v površino keramičnih posod oziroma predmetov. Ta je izveden z vrezovanjem in vtiskovanjem, plastični okras pa je na površino bodisi nalepljen bodisi je iz nje izvlečen oziroma modeliran. Posebni obliki modeliranega okrasa sta gubanje ostenja posod in fasetiranje. 3.5.1 PLASTIČNI OKRAS Plastični okras je eden izmed najbolj uporabnih in razširjenih načinov krašenja keramike. Gre namreč za različno oblikovane keramične nalepke, pri katerih ima krašenje oziroma estetski vidik drugoten pomen. Nalepke namreč preprečujejo zdrs posode iz rok.353 S tega vidika so kot plastični okras obravnavani tudi jezičasti držaji in ušesca. Različno oblikovane plastične nalepke, ki so bile na površino keramičnih posod bodisi nalepljene bodisi modelirane, so torej najpogostejša oblika nebarvnega okrasa na keramiki. Skupno ga zasledimo pri 1.112 obravnavanih kosih ali 53,28 % keramike z nebarvnim okrasom, pri čemer kosi keramike s plastičnim okrasom najpogosteje izvirajo iz plasti stopnje zidu I in stopnje zidu II (sl. 59). Glede na osnovno obliko plastičnega okrasa razlikujem med rebri, bradavicami, držaji, ušesci, zoo-morfnimi in drugimi oblikami, med katerimi prevla- 352 Grahek 2013, sl. 94: A, B. 353 Horvat 1999, 37; Dular 1982, 85 s. 3.5 DECORATION The ceramic assemblage from Stična includes 2,169 sherds that bear decoration, which represents a quarter (25.01%) of all analysed ceramic finds (Fig. 59). These sherds, however, do not completely accurately represent the decorated pottery from Stična, firstly because the presence of decoration was among the criteria for selecting the sherds to be analysed and hence more decorated sherds were chosen in comparison with the undecorated ones and, secondly, because I could not determine the vessel form or type for 573 sherds. In spite of this, they are representative enough to form a solid basis for the analysis of decoration. A comparison of the shares of decorated sherds in individual layers reveals that decoration is slightly less present on the finds from the layers associated with Wall I and slightly more present on those from the La Tene layers.352 Decoration has already been briefly discussed in the chapter on typology, for individual types and variants. In this chapter, it is treated primarily in terms of the technique and the motifs. Of the technique, the primary point of distinction is whether the decoration was painted or not, with the latter further subdivided. Painted and non-painted techniques were in use contemporaneously and were combined into composite designs on 141 sherds or 6.6% of the decorated ceramic finds. Non-painted decoration is present on 2,087 sherds, i.e. 96.22% of all the decorated ceramics and 24.06% of all the analysed ceramic finds. This decoration is either protruding from the surface of an object or reaching into it. The techniques that reach into the surface are incising and impressing, while the protruding decoration can either be applied to the surface or modelled out of it, the latter including indenting and facetting. 3.5.1 PLASTIC DECORATION Plastic decoration is one of the most versatile and common groups of ceramic decoration. It takes different shapes and its primary function is practical rather than decorative or aesthetic, as it provided a good grip.353 With this in mind, tongue-shaped and pierced lugs are also treated as part of this group. Plastic decoration is the most common non-painted technique of pottery decoration. It has been identified on 1,112 sherds, i.e. 53.28% of the ceramics with non-painted decoration. It is most common on the pieces from the layers associated with Walls I and II (Fig. 59). The basic forms of plastic decoration are cordons, ribs, knobs, pierced and other lugs, zoomorphic and other plastic motifs, of which horseshoe-shaped ones 352 Grahek 2013, Fig. 94: A, B. 353 Horvat 1999, 37; Dular 1982, (85 f), 227 f. 191 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT % 30 20 10 n = 2087 1 I ■ ■ n ■ I _ _ ■ n ^ I CO ^ u-1 —• c CO ¡r- CT\ ■^J- -j ~ m a; orN ^ m Il ^ g II Q.ÎS II 2 H ^ S •— oi £ i •= R ■ > & (T3 "O ~ II in-S II - S = .H S = C CO ..2 || - c CD O o D1 vO C= C~N| CTii-n e '— o aJ ■o <3-1 § aj II c 'E II ai c= "O II €) € f: ggra^ 0 15 -............. m s ^^ ^ \£%J%1 SNitsis a a a 0 21 a 7//«m (\ ccrx ilimit \ \\ h f/'e c r o c .ff.f ? V?/ fc» ' c c c \ .......-— c c c —.......:......4 rrrr i t UUtt(\ 0 16 S 0 22 o 1 ' ----- _ fit C o Sl. 58: Oblike in motivi vrezanih (O 14-O 18), fasetiranih (O 19) ter vtisnjenih okrasov (O 20-0 22). Fig. 58: Types and motifs of the incised (O 14-O 18), facetted (O 19) and impressed decoration (O 20-O 22). 201 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT iz gomile 48.396 Gre za moški grob, ki je poleg skodele in drugih keramičnih posod vseboval še bronasto večglavo iglo ter železno iglo s štirimi bronastimi glavicami397 ter tako sodi na sam začetek železne dobe na Dolenjskem, to je v starejšo stopnjo Podzemelj 1.398 Podobno so zanimivi tudi cikcak vrezi (sl. 58: O 14a). Čeprav gre za motiv, ki ga lahko zasledimo že pri žarnogrobiščni keramiki iz Ljubljane, kjer se pojavlja predvsem na usločenih vratovih bikoničnih loncev oziroma žar,399 ga v Stični, z izjemo lonca ID 6913/079-003 (t. 39: 2), zasledimo šele pri latvicah tipa 21a (t. 44:8, 74: 8) iz plasti stopnje zidu II. Okras cikcak vrezov (t. 56: 21; 89: 10, 12) oziroma žlebov (t. 56: 14; 58: 8) se nato pojavi še pri latenskodobni keramiki, izdelani na hitrem lončarskem vretenu . Drugače je z vrezi v obliki črke X (sl. 58: O 14b), ki jih zasledimo predvsem na keramiki iz plasti stopnje zidu I. Gre za lonca tipa 7c in 30 (t. 39: 6; 45: 11), ki imata rob ustja okrašen z nizom vrezov v obliki črke X. Iz plasti k zidu I pa izvira tudi skleda tipa 6, ki ima na ramenih soroden, po zaključenem žganju mrežasto vrezan okras (t. 12: 4). Nekoliko mlajša je lahko najdba, okrašena z vrezi v obliki črke X (t. 77: 9), ki izvira iz ostalin hiše 1 v sondi 18.400 Motiv v obliki črke X se pojavi še pri pekvi iz plasti k zidu III (t. 8: 11), vendar v tem primeru ne gre za okras pravih vrezov, temveč za okras širših, globljih žlebov. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/170. ŽLEBLJENJE Od pravega vreza se žlebovi razlikujejo po tem, da gre za širše, razmeroma globoko vglobljene črte, domnevno vrezane z orodjem s topo konico izključno pred žganjem keramike, ter da imajo presek v obliki črke U.401 nimi žganimi pokopi glej pri Teržan 2008, 273ss, Dular, Tec-co Hvala 2007, 167, Gabrovec 1994, 40. Pri arheološkem nadzoru ob urejanju kanalizacijskega omrežja na Viru pri Stični je bilo leta 2013 tudi na območju gomilnega grobišča odkritih več novih (planih) žganih grobov (Stergar et al. 2014, 54, sl. 2). Po preliminarnih ugotovitvah so ti grobovi lahko celo starejši od najstarejših grobov v veliki stiški gomili 48 in se po načinu pokopa bolj navezujejo na plano grobišče, ki leži vzhodno od utrjenega naselja in severovzhodno od glavnine gomil halštatske nekropole (Gabrovec 1994, sl. 26; Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, sl. 93). Vpogled v gradivo iz leta 2014 zaključenih arheoloških del ob gradnji mi je velikodušno omogočil vodja raziskav P. Stergar, za kar se mu najlepše zahvaljujem. 396 Gabrovec et al. 2006, t. 59: 4. 397 Gabrovec et al. 2006, t. 59: 1, 2. 398 Gabrovec 1973, 343 ss; Teržan 1990, 61 s; Dular 2003, 109. 399 Puš 1971, t. 3: 8; 8: 9; 20: 9; 40: 1; isti 1982, t. 12: 1; 24: 6. 400 Teržan 1994, 130. 401 Horvat 1999, 30 s. Grave 101 from Tumulus 48.396 It is the grave of a man buried with several ceramic vessels, as well as a bronze multi-knobbed pin and an iron pin with four bronze knobs397 that date the burial to the beginning of the Iron Age in Dolenjska, i.e. Podzemelj 1 phase.398 Incisions proper can also appear as zigzag lines (Fig. 58: O 14a). These are known to decorate the Urnfield pottery from Ljubljana, primarily the curved necks of biconical jars - urns,399 while at Stična they have only been identified on the dishes with an inturned rim of Variant 21a (Pls. 44: 8, 74: 8) from the layers associated with Wall II, with the exception of the jar of ID 6913/079-003 (Pl. 39: 2). Zigzag incisions (Pls. 56: 21; 89:10, 12) and grooves (Pls. 56:14; 58: 8) later also appear on the La Tene pottery thrown on the fast wheel. X-shaped incisions show a slightly different picture (Fig. 58: O 14b). They have mainly been identified on the pottery from the layers associated with Wall I, more precisely on the rims of two jars, of Variant 7c and Type 30, respectively (Pls. 39:6; 45: 11). A layer associated with Wall I also yielded a dish of Type 6 with a similar, though reticular motif incised after firing (Pl. 12: 4). Somewhat later is the pitcher found among the remains of House 1 in Trench 18 and bearing an X-shaped motif (Pl. 77: 9).400 Such a motif can also be found on a baking lid from a layer associated with Wall III (Pl. 8: 11), but it is made up of wide and deep grooves rather than incisions proper. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/170. GROOVES Grooves differ from incisions proper in that they are wider, relatively deep and presumably made exclusively before firing with a blunt tool that produced a U-shaped cross section.401 In her pottery analysis guidelines, Horvat distinguishes between grooves and flutes, with the two techniques closely resembling one another. It is therefore not surprising that grooves are sometimes called either okras kanelur (fluted decoration)402 or okras topih vrezov (decoration of blunt incisions) in the Slovenian literature.403 The analyses of the Hallstatt ceramic grave goods from Dolenjska use the term groove 396 Gabrovec et al. 2006, Pl. 59: 4. 397 Gabrovec et al. 2006, Pl. 59: 1, 2. 398 Gabrovec 1973, 369 ff; Teržan 1990, 61 f; Dular 2003, 109. 399 Puš 1971, Pls. 3: 8; 8: 9; 20: 9; 40: 1; idem 1982, Pls. 12: 1; 24: 6. 400 Teržan 1994, 129. 401 Horvat 1999, 30 f. 402 Dular 2003, Pls. 11: 6 (p. 176), 14: 8 (181), 18: 7 (185), 19: 4 (186) and elsewhere; Pavlin, Dular 2007, Pls. 3: 8, 4: 7-8 (84); Pavlin 2011, Pls. 2: 1, 3: 5 (144), 9: 1, 7, 9 (147) and others. 403 Dular et al. 1991, Pl. 24: 1-2 (p. 120), Dular, Jevremov 2013, Pl. 1: 1, 3, 6-7, 12-15, 17 (112) and others. 202 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Okras v tehniki žlebljenja, kot ga je definirala Horvatova, je zelo podoben okrasu v tehniki kaneliranja. Zatorej ne preseneča, da je okras žlebov v literaturi pogosto poimenovan kot okras kanelur402 ali okras topih vrezov.403 Način okraševanja, ki je bil pri obravnavi dolenjske halštatske grobne keramike imenovan "žlebljenje", tu obravnavamo kot kaneliranje.404 Skupno jih zasledimo pri 319 kosih ali 36,4 % keramike z vrezanimi oblikami okrasa, kar je 15,3 % vse keramike z nebarvnim okrasom (sl. 59). Žlebljenje se najpogosteje uporablja za izdelavo enostavnih okrasov. Gre za vodoravno, navpično ali poševno vglobljene žlebove; zasledimo pa tudi take v obliki valovnice, meandra, girlande, cikcak črte idr. (sl. 58: O 15).405 Najpogostejši je okras vodoravnih žlebov, značilen za lonce tipa 31 in 32 (sl. 41: L 31, L 32), glinenke tipa 1 (sl. 44: G 1), latvice tipa 20a (sl. 46: La 20a) ter prenosne pečke tipa 2c (sl. 52: Pp 2c); poševni in navpični žlebovi so značilni predvsem za sklede tipa 4 in 4a (sl. 47: Sk 4). Žlebovi se pojavljajo tudi pri sestavljenih okrasih, med katerimi gre izpostaviti predvsem okras vodoravnih žlebov in različnih odtisov, ki je značilen za lonce tipa 29 (sl. 58: O 20c, O 21c), ter sestavljeni okras navpičnih žlebov in reber (sl. 57: O 2a). Omeniti kaže še sestavljene oblike žlebljenih okrasov (sl. 58: O 15a; t. 9: 9; 40: 7, 8; 42:19; 55:12), ki jih zasledimo predvsem pri keramiki iz plasti med zidom I in II. Gre za manjše fragmente, ki verjetno pripadajo loncem s stožčastim vratom z žleblje-nim okrasom. Na njih se pojavljajo motivi, sestavljeni iz vodoravnih in poševnih žlebov (t. 40:7; 42:19), zasledimo pa tudi motiv valovnice (t. 55:12) in girlande (t. 40: 8). Žlebljenim okrasom, ki lahko vključujejo nalepljene ali modelirane bradavice (t. 9: 9), najdemo najboljše primerjave med keramiko 2. in 3. horizonta Poštele.406 Iz pregleda deleža keramike z okrasi žlebov po plasteh je razvidno, da se žlebljenje pojavlja vse pogosteje od plasti stopnje zidu II, vendar izhaja zaradi številnih primerkov glinenk z vodoravno vrezanimi žlebovi daleč največji delež keramike z žlebljenimi okrasi iz latenskih plasti (sl. 59). Med keramiko, okrašeno z žlebovi iz latenskih plasti, je treba posebej izpostaviti posamične primerke z 402 Dular 2003, t. 11: 6 (str. 176), 14: 8 (181), 18: 7 (185), 19: 4 (186) itd.; Pavlin, Dular 2007, t. 3: 8, 4: 7-8 (84); Pavlin 2011, t. 2: 1, 3: 5 (144), 9: 1, 7, 9 (147) idr. 403 Dular et al. 1991, t. 24: 1-2 (str. 120), Dular, Jevremov 2013, t. 1: 1, 3, 6-7, 12-15, 17 (112) idr. 404 Glej op. 409. 405 T. 2: 8; 8: 11; 9: 12; 10: 4, 8; 14: 12; 15: 1, 2; 19: 6, 16; 21: 7; 22: 14; 23: 6; 27: 7; 29: 16; 30: 6, 7; 32: 2; 33: 1; 34: 14; 37: 3, 7; 38: 8; 40: 5; 41: 6; 42: 7; 43: 4, 20; 44: 12; 47: 10; 48: 13, 15, 18; 49: 10, 13; 51: 9; 52: 6, 11, 13; 56: 14; 57: 4, 13; 58: 8, 22, 24; 59: 5, 14; 60: 1, 19; 62: 2; 63: 4, 9, 12; 64: 5, 6, 11; 65: 10; 66: 20; 68: 11; 69: 10, 11; 71: 9, 17, 18; 72: 2; 73: 15; 75: 5; 76: 4; 78: 13; 80: 12; 82: 8; 85: 10, 12; 86: 7, 10, 12; 87: 13, 23; 91: 5; 92: 4; 93: 5, 17, 22. 406 Teržan 1990, 32 s, t. 1: 5; 11: 5; 14: 19; 23: 17; 39: 1, 14; 40: 1-3, 5, 11; 42: 3, 10. for the decoration here described as shallow grooves.404 Grooves have been identified on 319 sherds or 36.4% of all the pottery with incised decoration, which represents 15.3% of all the pottery with non-painted decoration (Fig. 59). Grooves most commonly form simple designs. They usually run in a straight line, either horizontal, vertical or oblique, but can also be wavy, in the shape of a meander, a garland, a zigzag line and other shapes (Fig. 58: O 15).405 The most frequent grooves are horizontal lines, which are typical of the jars of Types 31 and 32 (Fig. 41: L 31, L 32), flasks of Type 1 (Fig. 44: G 1), dishes with an inturned rim of Variant 20a (Fig. 46: La 20a) and portable ovens of Variant 2c (Fig. 52: Pp 2c). Oblique and vertical grooves are mainly characteristic of the dishes of Type 4 and Variant 4a (Fig. 47: Sk 4). Grooves can also appear as part of composite designs, particularly horizontal grooves in combination with different impressions that characterise the jars of Type 29 (Fig. 58: O 20c, O 21c) and the vertical grooves in combination with ribs (Fig. 57: O 2a). There are also combinations of differently shaped grooves (Fig. 58: O 15a; Pls. 9: 9; 40: 7, 8; 42:19; 55:12) mainly to be found on the pottery from the layers between Walls I and II; these are small fragments that probably belong to the jars with a conical neck. The designs on these jars are composed of horizontal and vertical lines (Pls. 40:7; 42: 19), but also wavy lines (Pl. 55:12) and garlands (Pl. 40: 8). The closest comparison for the grooved decoration sometimes combined with applied or raised knobs (Pl. 9: 9) can be found among the pottery of Postela II and III horizons.406 The presence of grooves on pottery increased from the layers associated with Wall II onwards and became most conspicuous on the grooved pottery from the La Tene layers, particularly the flasks with horizontal grooves (Fig. 59). Standing apart from other groove-decorated pottery from the La Tene layers are individual sherds with zigzag grooves (Pls. 56: 14; 58: 8) that are similar to the very shallow grooves on the pottery from the late part of the Middle La Tene phase or LT C2.407 Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/171. 404 See Fn. 409. 405 Pls. 2: 8; 8: 11; 9: 12; 10: 4, 8; 14: 12; 15: 1, 2; 19: 6, 16; 21: 7; 22: 14; 23: 6; 27: 7; 29: 16; 30: 6, 7; 32: 2; 33: 1; 34: 14; 37: 3, 7; 38: 8; 40: 5; 41: 6; 42: 7; 43: 4, 20; 44: 12; 47: 10; 48: 13, 15, 18; 49: 10, 13; 51: 9; 52: 6, 11, 13; 56: 14; 57: 4, 13; 58: 8, 22, 24; 59: 5, 14; 60: 1, 19; 62: 2; 63: 4, 9, 12; 64: 5, 6, 11; 65: 10; 66: 20; 68: 11; 69: 10, 11; 71: 9, 17, 18; 72: 2; 73: 15; 75: 5; 76: 4; 78: 13; 80: 12; 82: 8; 85: 10, 12; 86: 7, 10, 12; 87: 13, 23; 91: 5; 92: 4; 93: 5, 17, 22. 406 Teržan 1990, 32 f, Pls. 1: 5; 11: 5; 14: 19; 23: 17; 39: 1, 14; 40: 1-3, 5, 11; 42: 3, 10. 407 Dizdar 2001, 121 f; Pingel 1971, 70 ff. 203 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT okrasom cikcak žlebov (t. 56:14; 58: 8). Pravzaprav gre za zelo plitvo vglobljene okrase, kot se pojavijo pri keramiki iz mlajše srednjelatenske stopnje oziroma v času LT C2.407 Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/171. KANELIRANJE Vrezovanju in žlebljenju soroden način krašenja je kaneliranje. Gre za vglabljanje širokih in zelo plitkih žlebov408 v večjem številu, ki krasijo posamezne dele posod. Pogosto se pojavljajo vodoravno, redkeje poševno. Dular, ki pri obravnavi grobne keramike ne razlikuje med pravimi vrezi, kanelurami in posameznimi žlebovi, ta način krašenja keramike imenuje žlebljenje.409 Kanelure, kot jih je definirala Horvatova, torej široke in plitve žlebove, lahko zasledimo tudi na notranji strani ustij (sl. 58: O 18).410 Skupno se kanelure pojavijo pri 89 kosih ali 10,1 % keramike z vrezanimi oblikami okrasa, kar je 4,3 % vse keramike z nebarvnim okrasom. Ne glede na obliko in mesto kaneliranih okrasov se ti pojavljajo pri keramiki iz vseh plasti (sl. 59). Okras poševnih kanelur (sl. 58: O 18b; t. 6: 3, 12; 9: 8; 20: 9; 47: 15) zasledimo pri skledah tipa 3 (sl. 47: Sk 3), ki se pojavijo v stratigrafsko najmlajših plasteh k zidu I in izvirajo predvsem iz plasti med zidovoma I in II (sl. 53). Čeprav poševno kaneliranje pri obravnavani keramiki zasledimo le pri skledah oziroma skodelah, ne pa pri drugih oblikah posod, ugotavljamo, da se tovrstni okras pri keramiki iz naselbinskih kontekstov ujema s podobnimi oziroma enakimi okrasi na grobni keramiki. Pri tej je namreč bilo ugotovljeno, da gre poševno kane-liranje obravnavati kot povsem samostojen okras, ki se pojavi proti koncu starohalštatskega obdobja in ga od podobne motivike okrasa na žarnogrobiščni keramiki loči precejšnja časovna vrzel.411 Okras poševnih kanelur je namreč značilen že za enega od vodilnih tipov keramike iz poznobronastodobnih gradišč Dolenjske.412 Gre za latvice s poševno kaneliranimi rameni in ustjem, ki se pojavljajo predvsem v času 9. in 8. stoletja pr. n. št.413 ter so zelo podobne, če že ne povsem enake latvicam tipa 3 po Dularju.414 Te se v okviru grobne keramike dolenjske halštatske skupine pojavijo v času stopnje Stična-Novo 407 Dizdar 2001, 101 s; Pingel 1971, 70 ss. 408 Horvat 1999, 31, sl. 16. 409 Dular 1982, 83 s, sl. 4: B. Prim. žlebljenje: Dular et al. 1995, t. 3: 1-2 (str. 123); Dular 2003, t. 51: 11 (220), 64: 3 (243) idr.; okras kanelur/kaneliranje: Črešnar 2006, t. 4: A1 (107); Vojakovic et al. 2014, t. 1: 1 (113) idr. 410 T. 13: 4; 15: 3, 4; 17: 18; 21: 1; 22: 6; 29: 3; 31: 3; 34: 6; 39:1; 43: 4; 56:15; 58:23; 59: 9, 16; 60: 5; 62:1; 63:1; 64: 4; 68: 9; 75: 7; 78: 1-3, 10; 88: 12; 90: 5; 93: 21; 94: 19. 411 Dular 1982, 83 s. 412 Dular 1993, 104 s, t. 4: 2. 413 Dular 1993, 105. 414 Dular 1982, t. 26: 253-257. SHALLOW GROOVES This decoration is produced in a similar way to that of incising or grooving, with the grooves wider, very shallow408 and never appearing singly, but rather in greater numbers, i.e. in bands. These shallow grooves are usually horizontal, rarely oblique. Although Dular does not distinguish between incisions proper, grooves and shallow grooves, he names this type of decoration žlebljenje, i.e. grooving.409 Bands of shallow grooves mostly appear on the vessel exterior, but can also decorate the interior of rims (Fig. 58: O 18).410 They have been identified on 89 sherds or 10.1% of the pottery with incised decoration, which represents 4.3% of all the pottery with non-painted decoration. They appear on the pottery from all layers (Fig. 59). The bands of oblique shallow grooves (Fig. 58: O 18b; Pls. 6: 3, 12; 9: 8; 20: 9; 47:15) can be found on the dishes of Type 3 (Fig. 47: Sk 3), which were recovered from the stratigraphically latest layers associated with Wall I and even more numerously from the layers between Walls I and II (Fig. 53). Of the settlement pottery, oblique shallow grooves only appeared on dishes and bowls, which is comparable with the finds from burial contexts. For the pottery from graves, it has been observed that oblique grooves should be treated as independent decoration that appears towards the end of the Early Hallstatt period and was separated from similar decoration on the Urnfield culture pottery by a centuries-long gap.411 Such decoration is typical of one of the leading pottery types of the Late Bronze Age hillforts in Dolenjska,412 i.e. dishes with an inturned rim and oblique shallow grooves on the shoulder and the rim that mainly date to the 9th and 8th centuries BC413 and are very similar, if not the same in shape to the dishes with an inturned rim of Type 3 after Dular.414 Within the pottery from burial contexts of the Dolenjska Hallstatt group, the latter appear in the Stična-Novo mesto phase,415 i.e. not before the mid-7th century BC. It should be noted, however, that the dishes with an inturned rim and oblique shallow grooves were found neither in the cemeteries at Stična nor within the settlement. It is 408 Horvat 1999, 31, Fig. 16. 409 Dular 1982, 83 f, Fig. 4: B. Cf. Žlebljenje (i.e. shallow grooving): Dular et al. 1995, Pl. 3: 1-2 (p. 123); Dular 2003, Pl. 51: 11 (220), 64: 3 (243) and elsewhere; okras kanelur/kaneliranje (i.e. grooving): Črešnar 2006, Pl. 4: A1 (107); Vojakovic et al. 2014, Pl. 1: 1 (113) and elsewhere. 410 Pls. 13: 4; 15: 3, 4; 17: 18; 21: 1; 22: 6; 29: 3; 31: 3; 34: 6; 39: 1; 43: 4; 56: 15; 58: 23; 59: 9, 16; 60: 5; 62: 1; 63:1; 64: 4; 68: 9; 75: 7; 78: 1-3, 10; 88: 12; 90: 5; 93: 21; 94: 19. 411 Dular 1982, 83 f. 412 Dular 1994b, 189, Fig. 5: 13. 413 Dular 1994b, 189. 414 Dular 1982, Pl. 26: 253-257. 415 Dular 1982, 197. 204 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Sl. 59: Delež najdb okrašene keramike po plasteh k posameznemu zidu ter latenskih plasteh. Fig. 59: Shares of the decorated pottery in the layers associated with individual Hallstatt walls and in the La Tene layers. E CO __ Ol O o £= O__ O C o 1—; ca v S O m s faza / Phase O ö ^ H. 'c= -C3 3 £ II ro OJ _Q CD O o okras skupno / Decoration total nebarvni okras / Non-painted dec plastični okras/ Plastic decoratioi vtisi / Impressed decor, vrezi / Incised decoratic S s 4-j O fsl ^ 11 a» 'C t; barvni okras/ Painted décoratif £ £ -Q o Vr a» o ^ = 2 > ç _Q Si R-Č skupno/ R-on-B total rdeča / Red črna/ Black črna smolnata / Black resinous črna grafitna / Black graphite 1 2294 446 427 343 24 55 55 41 22 19 4 17 8 9 l/ll 921 207 193 143 14 42 42 31 14 17 4 10 3 7 II 1483 343 319 236 16 65 65 80 18 62 4 14 7 7 III 1338 327 317 186 36 113 72 33 13 20 4 9 3 6 Lt 2164 713 698 156 47 509 95 31 18 13 4 13 10 3 neopred. / UNDETM. 473 133 133 48 10 86 18 7 2 5 2 1 1 skupno/Total 8673 2169 2087 1112 147 870 347 223 87 136 20 65 32 33 faza / Phase 01 brez/ ® without Pi 2, CI 02 03 04 05 06 08 09 010 011 011c 012 014 015 U? LZ 015 018 020 021 022 023 I 57 39 10 1 116 3 106 20 20 13 2 13 30 12 6 14 3 2 l/ll 42 20 6 16 2 46 20 8 4 3 5 30 8 6 7 1 II 81 12 11 1 38 7 65 16 11 3 4 3 8 39 19 8 3 1 1 III 66 27 6 5 24 6 55 17 6 5 1 3 15 44 7 17 5 15 5 7 Lt 73 40 7 1 16 5 38 9 2 4 1 4 24 57 96 25 4 11 6 7 neopred./UNDETM. 20 11 5 3 1 12 4 1 2 1 2 16 8 2 2 3 2 skupno/Total 339 149 45 8 213 24 322 86 48 31 6 16 67 216 103 89 31 52 18 20 faza / Phase 016 017 024 024 b,d zidova/Walls 1—Il 3 1 zid/Wall III 8 23 9 sonda /Trench 6 - Lt 9 6 3 sonda /Trench 5 - Lt a 9 1 1 sonda /Trench 5 - Lt b 1 6 1 sonde /Trenches 9,18,19 - Lt zid / Crosswall 1 7 40 3 3 sonde /Trenches 9,18,19 - Lt zid /Crosswall 2 9 18 3 2 sonda /Trench 11 - pred zidom / Predating the wall 7 34 sonda/Trench 11-zid/Wall 10 78 Lt plast / Lt layer 21 64 12 7 neopred./UNDETM. 9 49 3 1 skupno/Total 72 330 41 18 mesto415 oziroma ne pred sredino 7. stoletja pr. n. št. Pri tem je pomenljivo, da se poševno kanelirane latvice ne pojavljajo niti v stiških grobovih niti niso bile prepoznane med naselbinsko keramiko. To lahko nakazuje, da gre poševno kaneliranje vsaj v primeru keramike iz Stične dejansko obravnavati kot samostojen halštatski okras, ki ga pri najstarejši keramiki ne zasledimo. 415 Dular 1982, 76. therefore clear that, at least for Stična, oblique shallow grooves must be treated as independent Hallstatt decoration not observed on the earliest pottery recovered. As observed already for the pottery from burial contexts, horizontal shallow grooves are chronologically less sensitive, i.e. in use through longer periods of time. They can be found on the necks of globular jars, which were relatively frequent already in the layers associated 205 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Kot je bilo ugotovljeno že pri grobni keramiki, je vodoravno kaneliranje kronološko manj izpovedno oziroma je v uporabi dalj časa. Zasledimo ga na vratovih buč, ki so bile razmeroma pogosto najdene že v plasteh k zidu I (sl. 53), mnogo bolj pa je tovrstni okras razširjen pri keramiki iz plasti k mlajšima zidovoma oziroma, kot je pokazala analiza grobne keramike, v mladohalštatskem obdobju.416 Tako se med keramiko iz plasti stopnje zidu II pojavijo latvice tipa 20 (sl. 46: La 20). Pogosto so bili v plasteh k zidu II najdeni tudi lonci tipa 33 (sl. 41: L 33; 53), medtem ko se vodoravno nažlebljene noge ciborijev tipa 2 pojavijo med keramiko iz plasti stopnje zidu III (sl. 49: n 2; 54); pri latenski keramiki pa lahko vodoravno ka-neliranje zasledimo predvsem na ramenih pitosov tipa 3. Vodoravne kanelure se pojavljajo tudi na notranji strani ustij pitosov tipa 2 (sl. 37: Pi 2), najpogosteje najdenih med keramiko iz plasti k zidu II (sl. 53). Vendar pa je v njihovem primeru kaneliranje izvedeno predvsem za praktične namene, saj so kanelure ali žlebovi (t. 43:4) na notranji strani ustja služili kot utor za pokrov. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/173. GLAVNIČENJE IN METLIČENJE Glavničenje je način vrezovanja z glavniku podobnim orodjem.417 Na površini predmeta pusti sledi, podobne pravemu vrezu ali žlebom, kar je odvisno od oblike orodja, moči pritiska ter mehkobe oziroma stanja gline ob krašenju. Gre torej za tehniko, zelo podobno metličenju. Metličenje namreč imenujemo način okraševanja keramike z metlici podobnim orodjem, ki na površini predmeta pušča plitkejše sledi.418 Glavničenje in metličenje sta najpogosteje uporabljeni za oblikovanje enostavnih, nesestavljenih okrasov, ki jih zasledimo pri skupno 402 kosih ali 45,8 % keramike z vrezanimi oblikami okrasa, kar je 19,3 % vse keramike z nebarvnim okrasom (sl. 56). Glavničasti in metličasti okrasi običajno prekrivajo celotno ostenje posod. Razlikujejo se glede na usmerjenost in gostoto z glavnikom oziroma metlico vrezanih črt. Medtem ko se pri metličastem okrasu, ki ga zasledimo tudi na notranji strani posod, pojavljajo predvsem polkrožni motivi (sl. 58: O 16),419 so bili pri glavničenih okrasih po večini izdelani navpično ali poševno potegnjeni motivi (sl. 58: O 17).420 Razmeroma redko se pojavlja mrežast motiv (sl. 58: O 17a; t. 66:11; 88: 8). 416 Dular 1982, 85. 417 Horvat 1999, 33, sl. 21a. 418 Horvat 1999, sl. 21b. 419 T. 11: 8; 18: 7; 49: 15; 79: 7; 80: 10; 86: 6; 87: 9-11, 21; 90: 7; 91: 8; 92: 2, 3; 94: 18. 420 T. 10: 16; 11: 5, 7, 10; 17: 5; 24: 18; 25: 4, 5, 16; 34: 16; 38: 4; 43: 18; 49: 8; 57: 16, 17; 58: 9; 60: 22, 23; 66: 1, 10; 70: 1-3, 11; 71: 3; 72: 3, 13; 73: 17; 74: 5, 13, 18; 76: 12; 80: 1; 85: 11, 12; 86: 7, 9, 12; 87: 17; 88: 5, 6, 9; 89: 2, 5; 90: 6; 91: 3, 6, 7; 93: 6-8, 15, 19, 20, 25; 94: 7, 8, 10, 16, 17; 95: 14, 15, 24. with Wall I (Fig. 53),but their numbers decreased in the layers associated with the two later walls; this observation was corroborated by the analysis of the ceramic grave goods from the Late Hallstatt period.416 Horizontal shallow grooves can also be found on the dishes with an inturned rim of Type 20 (Figs. 46: La 20) from the layers associated with Wall II. Also numerously found in these layers were the jars of Type 33 (Figs. 41: L 33; 53), while the horizontally grooved feet of the footed bowls of Type 2 only appeared in the layers associated with Wall III (Figs. 49: n 2; 54). On the La Tene pottery, horizontal shallow grooves mainly decorate the shoulders of the Type 3 pithoi. Horizontal shallow grooves also appear on the interiors of the rims of the Type 2 pithoi (Fig. 37: Pi 2), which were most numerously found in the layers associated with Wall II (Fig. 53). These grooves, however, were primarily functional (Pl. 43: 4), as they served as lid seats. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/173. COMBED AND BRUSHED DECORATION Combing is a decorative technique in which incisions are made with a comb-like tool.417 The traces left on the surface resemble either incisions proper or grooves, depending on the shape of the tool, the pressure of the potter's hand and the hardness of the clay. It is very similar to brushing, which leaves shallower traces.418 Combing and brushing usually appear as the sole decoration and have been identified on 402 sherds or 45.8% of the pottery with incised decoration, which represents 19.3% of all the pottery with non-painted decoration (Fig. 56). Combed or brushed decoration usually covers the whole wall surface of vessels. Combing differs from brushing in the orientation and density of the incised lines. Brushing, which can also appear on interior surfaces, commonly involves semicircular lines (Fig. 58: O 16),419 while combing produces straight, either vertical or oblique lines (Fig. 58: O 17),420 rarely a reticular pattern (Fig. 58: O 17a; Pls. 66:11; 88: 8). Combed and brushed decoration is characteristic of the jars of Types 34, 35 and 36 (Fig. 41). Brushed decoration is not to be found on the graphite ware jars of Type 36, while it is most frequent on the hand-built 416 Dular 1982, 85. 417 Horvat 1999, 33, Fig. 21a. 418 Horvat 1999, Fig. 21b. 419 Pls. 11: 8; 18: 7; 49:15; 79: 7; 80:10; 86: 6; 87: 9-11, 21; 90: 7; 91: 8; 92: 2, 3; 94: 18. 420 Pls. 10: 16; 11: 5, 7, 10; 17: 5; 24: 18; 25: 4, 5, 16; 34: 16; 38: 4; 43: 18; 49: 8; 57: 16, 17; 58: 9; 60: 22, 23; 66: 1, 10; 70: 1-3, 11; 71: 3; 72: 3, 13; 73: 17; 74: 5, 13, 18; 76: 12; 80: 1; 85: 11, 12; 86: 7, 9, 12; 87: 17; 88: 5, 6, 9; 89: 2, 5; 90: 6; 91: 3, 6, 7; 93: 6-8, 15, 19, 20, 25; 94: 7, 8, 10, 16, 17; 95: 14, 15, 24. 206 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Tovrstni okrasi so značilnost loncev tipa 34, 35 in 36 (sl. 41). Pri tem metličenih okrasov ne zasledimo pri grafitnih loncih tipa 36, temveč se najpogosteje pojavljajo pri prostoročno izdelanih loncih tipa 34 (sl. 41: L 34b). Skupno je bil največji delež loncev z metličenim okrasom odkrit v latenskih plasteh ob prečnih zidovih in na zahodni terasi, vendar pa tako okrašeni lonci razmeroma pogosto izvirajo že iz plasti k zidu III (sl. 59). Med keramiko iz plasti stopnje zidu III so sicer zastopani tudi lonci z glavničenim okrasom, ki podobno kot z metličenjem okrašeni lonci praviloma izvirajo iz latenske plasti k zidu na zahodni terasi. Številni primerki izvirajo še iz latenskih plasti k prečnima zidovoma, pri čemer se tu pogosteje pojavljajo v plasteh k zidu 1. Prav iz plasti k prečnemu zidu 1 izvirajo tudi lonci z mrežastim motivom glavničenega okrasa (sl. 59). Lonce z glavničenim ali metličenim okrasom med naselbinsko keramiko z dolenjskih železnodobnih najdišč zasledimo razmeroma pogosto. To velja tako za latenske grafitne lonce, oblikovane na hitrem lončarskem vretenu, kot tudi za prostoročno izdelane lonce.421 Drugače je z grobnimi najdbami. V grobovih namreč zasledimo le prostoročno izdelane lonce z glavničenim ali metličenim okrasom, vendar se tudi ti pojavljajo redko - in še to le v poznolatenskih grobovih.422 Latenska keramika, okrašena z glavničenjem, predvsem v obliki navpično vrezanih motivov, se v vzhodnoalpskem in panonskem prostoru pojavi že v času LT B2 oziroma se razširi v času prehoda LT B/C.423 Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/175. 3.5.3 VTISNJENI OKRASI Vtiskovanje je tehnika krašenja, pri kateri na površini predmeta ostane negativ motiva, ki ga imenujemo odtis.424 Globoke odtise imenujemo tudi vbodi. Vtiskovanje kot osnovni način krašenja keramike zasledimo le pri 147 kosih ali 7,04 % keramike z nebarvanim okrasom. Glede na način izvedbe razlikujem med enostavnimi odtisi ali vbodi ter žigosanim in koleščkanim okrasom, ki se razmeroma pogosto pojavljajo tudi pri sestavljenih okrasih. To še posebej velja za odtise prsta in šila, ki se največkrat pojavijo kot sestavni del razčlenjenega plastičnega okrasa, predvsem v obliki razčlenjenih reber. Odtise v okviru razčlenjenega plastičnega okrasa na tem mestu ne obravnavam. Z različnimi oblikami in motivi odtisov okrašena keramika izvira predvsem iz plasti stopnje zidu III in iz latenskih plasti (sl. 59). jars of Type 34 (Fig. 41: L 34b). The jars with brushed decoration first appeared in the layers associated with Wall III, but were most numerous in the La Tene layers associated with both crosswalls and on the western terrace (Fig. 59). The pottery from the layers associated with Wall III also includes jars with combed decoration; similarly as the jars with brushed decoration, however, such jars were most frequently found in the La Tene layers associated with the wall on the western terrace. A number of them was also found in the La Tene layers associated with both crosswalls, particularly the first crosswall. The latter layers also yielded jars with reticular combed decoration (Fig. 59). The jars with combed or brushed decoration are relatively frequent finds in the Iron Age settlements in Dolenjska. This is true both of the La Tene graphite ware jars thrown on the fast wheel and the hand-built ones.421 Burial contexts show a different picture and only yielded rare hand-built jars with either combed or brushed decoration in the Late La Tene graves.422 La Tene pottery with combed decoration, mainly consisting of vertical incisions, appeared in the eastern Alpine area and in Pannonia already in LT B2 and became widespread in the LT B/C transition.423 Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/175. 3.5.3 IMPRESSED DECORATION Impressing is a basic decorative technique that leaves a negative impression of the tool on the clay sur-face.424 Deep impressions are sometimes called stabs. Impressions have only been identified on 147 sherds or 7.04% of the pottery with non-painted decoration. Based on the differences in the production manner, I distinguish between single impressions or stabs, stamped and roulette decoration, all of which relatively frequently form part of composite designs. This is particularly true of finger and tool impressions, which often appear in combination with plastic decoration, particularly on cordons; these impressions are treated above. Pottery with impressed decoration was mainly found in the layers associated with Wall III and in the La Tene layers (Fig. 59). 421 Glej še pri poglavjih 3.6.2 in 4. 422 Knez 1992, t. 44: 7; 48: 4; 52: 3; 53: 5; 54: 3; 57: 9; 62: 3, 6; 63: 3, 8; 64: 4, 10; 66: 11; 70: 2. 423 Zeiler 2010, 106 ss, Abb. 78-79. 424 Horvat 1999, 34. 421 See also Chapters 3.6.2. and 4. 422 Knez 1992, Pls. 44: 7; 48: 4; 52: 3; 53: 5; 54: 3; 57: 9; 62: 3, 6; 63: 3, 8; 64: 4, 10; 66: 11; 70: 2. 423 Zeiler 2010, 106 ff, Abb. 78-79. 424 Horvat 1999, 34. 207 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT ODTISI IN VBODI Okras večjih okroglih jamic, kot jih skupno zasledimo pri 31 kosih ali 21,1 % keramike z vtisnjenim okrasom, kar je 1,5 % vse keramike z nebarvnim okrasom (sl. 56), obravnavam kot okras odtisov prsta. Tovrstni odtisi navadno oblikujejo motiv vodoravnega niza (sl. 58: O 20a), lahko pa se pojavljajo tudi posamično (sl. 58: O 20b).425 Vodoravni niz odtisov prsta je tako značilen okras loncev tipa 7a (sl. 39: L 7a), zasledimo ga tudi pri loncih tipa 12 (t. 44: 7), pojavlja pa se še pri loncih tipa 29 (sl. 41: L 29), kjer je sestavljen skupaj z vrezi ali žlebovi (sl. 58: O 20c; t. 15: 1; 48: 13; 62: 2). Večkrat je z odtisi prsta okrašen, lahko že kar razčlenjeno modeliran tudi rob vrat pri prenosnih pečkah tipa 2d (podobno kot pri: t. 66:20). Podobno je bilo vtiskovanje prsta uporabljeno tudi na ročaju ročke tipa 2 (t. 65:1). Okras posameznih odtisov prsta je značilen predvsem za uteži tipa 2 (sl. 52: U 2), kjer se odtisi pojavljajo na spodnji in tudi na zgornji površini, medtem ko se posamični odtisi prsta pri posodju pojavljajo le redko (t. 23: 9). S šilom so izvedeni odtisi različnih oblik, kar je odvisno od oblike konice orodja in tudi od kota, pod katerim je bila konica vtisnjena. Odtise šila zasledimo skupno pri 52 kosih ali 35,4 % keramike z vtisnjenim okrasom, kar je 2,5 % vse keramike z nebarvnim okrasom (sl. 56). Odtisi šila običajno tvorijo motiv vodoravnega niza (sl. 58: O 21a),426 značilen predvsem za lonce tipa 7b, pogosto pa se pojavlja pri sestavljenih okrasih, značilnih za lonce tipa 29 (sl. 58: O 21c; t. 10: 7, 8; 27: 7; 48: 18; 63: 6; 72: 9). Z enostavnim, okroglim pečatom ali šilom s povsem topo konico so bili vtisnjeni okrasi manjših krožcev (sl. 58: O 21b).427 Vbode imenujem globlje odtise šilu podobnih orodij (sl. 58: O 22).428 Globoko vtisnjene okrase zasledimo skupno pri 18 kosih ali 12,2 % keramike z vtisnjenim okrasom, kar je 0,9 % vse keramike z nebarvnim okrasom (sl. 56), pri čemer so vbodi značilen okras predvsem za ognjiščne koze tipa 2. Z odtisi prsta okrašena keramika izvira iz vseh plasti, vendar pa je ta okras redek pri keramiki iz latenskih plasti. Nekoliko drugače je pri keramiki, okrašeni z odtisi šila ali enostavnih pečatov, ki je podobno kot z vbodi okrašena keramika pogostejša v plasti stopnje zidu III ter v latenskih plasteh (sl. 59). Pri tem je treba opozoriti na okras, sestavljen iz odtisov ter žlebov ali vrezov, ki je značilen za lonce tipa 29 (sl. 58: O 20c, 21c) in daje vtis vodoravnih razčlenjenih reber. Pri tem je še posebej 425 T. 3: 12; 22: 9; 23: 9, 11; 28: 13; 39: 13; 44: 7, 12; 51: 3; 55: 19; 62: 13; 65: 1, 4; 66: 11; 82: 5; 88: 8. 426 T. 2: 3, 10; 3: 11; 13: 2; 17: 6; 58: 6; 59: 18; 66: 20; 75: 2; 93: 9. 427 T. 18: 9; 29:16; 34:17; 40: 5, 6; 48:15; 49: 18; 52: 6; 55: 3, 4; 56: 22; 58: 13; 61: 5; 63: 7; 68: 14; 76: 13; 77: 3, 13. 428 T. 8: 18; 50:15; 62: 6, 13; 65: 13; 66: 17; 77: 11; 94: 24. FINGER IMPRESSIONS AND STABBED DECORATION The decoration of round depressions left by fingers has been identified on 31 sherds or 21.1% of the ceramics with impressed decoration, which represents 1.5% of all the ceramics with non-painted decoration (Fig. 56). Such impressions are usually arranged in horizontal lines (Fig. 58: O 20a), but may also appear individually (Fig. 58: O 20b).425 The horizontally arranged finger impressions are characteristic of the jars of Variant 7a (Fig. 39: L 7a), but can also be found on the jars of Types 12 (Pl. 44:7) and 29 (Fig. 41: L 29). In the last type, they appear in combination with incisions proper or grooves (Fig. 58: O 20c; Pls. 15:1; 48:13; 62: 2). They also border the air holes on the stands of the Variant 2d portable ovens (similarly as on Pl. 66: 20). A similar decoration can be found on the handle of a Type 2 pitcher (Pl. 65:1). Individual finger impressions are mainly found on the weights of Type 2 (Fig. 52: U 2), appearing both on the underside and the upper side. On pottery, individual finger impressions are rare (Pl. 23: 9). The impressions of tools vary in shape, depending on the shape of the tool's tip and the angle of impression. Tool impressions have been identified on 52 sherds or 35.4% of the pottery with impressed decoration, which represents 2.5% of all the pottery with non-painted decoration (Fig. 56). These impressions usually form horizontal lines (Fig. 58: O 21a)426 and are characteristic of the jars of Variant 7b, but are frequent as part of composite designs on the jars of Type 29 (Fig. 58: O 21c; Pls. 10: 7, 8; 27: 7; 48:18; 63: 6; 72: 9). Tool impressions also include small impressed dots, which were made with simple round tools or blunt awls (Fig. 58: O 21b).427 The deep impressions using awls or similar pointed tools are called stabs (Fig. 58: O 22).428 Stabbed decoration has been identified on 18 sherds or 12.2% of the ceramics with impressed decoration, which represents 0.9% of all the ceramics with non-painted decoration (Fig. 56). This decoration is mainly found on the firedogs of Type 2. Finger impressed ceramics have been found in all layers, although in small numbers in the La Tene layers. To the contrary, the pottery with tool impressions, simple stamped as well as stabbed decoration was more numerous in the layers associated with Wall III and in the La Tene layers (Fig. 59). Noteworthy in this context is the decoration composed of impressions and either grooves 425 Pls. 3: 12; 22: 9; 23: 9, 11; 28: 13; 39: 13; 44: 7, 12; 51: 3; 55: 19; 62: 13; 65: 1, 4; 66: 11; 82: 5; 88: 8. 426 Pls. 2: 3, 10; 3: 11; 13: 2; 17: 6; 58: 6; 59: 18; 66: 20; 75: 2; 93: 9. 427 Pls. 18: 9; 29: 16; 34: 17; 40: 5, 6; 48: 15; 49: 18; 52: 6; 55: 3, 4; 56: 22; 58: 13; 61: 5; 63: 7; 68: 14; 76: 13; 77: 3, 13. 428 Pls. 8: 18; 50:15; 62: 6, 13; 65: 13; 66: 17; 77: 11; 94:24. 208 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT pomenljivo, da se lonci tipa 29 pojavijo v najmlajših plasteh k zidu I oziroma v plasteh med zidovoma I in II, to je v plasteh, v katerih izrazito upade delež keramike, okrašene z razčlenjenimi rebri (sl. 59). V plasteh med zidovoma I in II se pojavi tudi keramika z okrasom vodoravnega niza vtisnjenih krožcev. Takšen okras zasledimo pri loncih s stožčastim vratom tipa 2 (t. 40: 5; 55: 2), pojavlja pa se tudi pri nekaterih nerazvrščenih kosih (t. 40: 6), ki jih lahko primerjamo s starejšimi oblikami ciborijev tipa 8 po Dularju,429 med katere sodi tudi primerek iz stiškega groba 41, gomila 48.430 Med stratigrafsko najstarejšimi kosi keramike z vtisnjenim okrasom je v plasti k zidu I najdeni pokrov tipa 3 (t. 2: 3), okrašen z vodoravnimi nizi vtisnjenih rombov, za katere domnevam, da so bili izvedeni s pomočjo sukane vrvice.431 Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/176. ŽIGOSANJE IN KOLEŠČKANJE Žigosanje in t. i. koleščkanje sta posebni obliki vtiskovanja, pri katerih so za izdelavo uporabljali nazobčano orodje, izdelano posebej za to. Pri tem kot koleščkanje obravnavam vtisnjene okrase v obliki niza enakomerno ponavljajočih se odtisov, ki so bili domnevno izdelani s pomočjo koleščka oziroma z glinenimi ali koščenimi orodji s polkrožno razširjenim spodnjim delom oziroma narezanim robom.432 Na spodnjem robu enako oblikovanih orodij so bili lahko tudi posamični pečati oziroma žigi.433 S t. i. koleščkom izvedeni odtisi se največkrat pojavljajo v okviru različno sestavljenih okrasov. Koleščkanje tako zasledimo pri skupno 20 kosih ali 13,6 % keramike z vtisnjenim okrasom, kar je 1,0 % vse keramike z ne-barvnim okrasom (sl. 59). Poleg nizov plitvo vtisnjenih pik, ki se pojavljajo pri sestavljenih okrasih, značilnih za prostoročno izdelano posodje z žigosanim okrasom koncentričnih krožcev (sl. 60: O 24a; t.25:14; 56:20; 65: 15; 72: 15; 77: 15-17; 85: 5-7), so bili domnevno s koleščku podobnimi orodji vtisnjeni nizi malih kvadratkov oziroma pravokotnikov (sl. 60: O 23a; 1.18:19; 56:21; 71: 17; 74: 9), nizi malih trikotnikov (sl. 60: O 23b; t. 18:16), nizi ovalnih odtisov (sl. 60: O 23c; 1.14:2) ter nizi večjih oziroma daljših navpičnih pravokotnikov (sl. 60: O 23d; t. 37: 7) in polkrožnih odtisov (sl. 60: O 23e; t. 39:2; 42: 7). Z vtiskovanjem pečata ali žigosanjem so izvedeni okrasi pri skupno 41 kosih ali 27, 9 % keramike z vtisnjenim okrasom, kar je 2,0 % vse keramike z nebarvnim okrasom (sl. 59). Gre predvsem za keramiko z žigosanim okrasom različno oblikovanih koncentričnih krožcev 429 Dular 1982, 49 s. 430 Gabrovec 2006, t. 28: 41/5. 431 Prim. Leghissa 2015, 280 ss, sl. 3, 9. 432 Prim. Leghissa 2015. 433 Prim. Teržan 1996, 516, sl. 7: 7. or incisions proper typically found on the jars of Type 29 (Fig. 58: O 20c, 21c), which resembles that of cordons with impressions; such jars appear in the latest layers associated with Wall I and in the layers between Walls I and II, where the share of the ceramics bearing cordons with impressions is considerably reduced (Fig. 59). The layers between Walls I and II also yielded sherds with horizontal lines of impressed dots. Such decoration is present on the jars with a conical neck of Type 2 (Pls. 40: 5; 55: 2), as well as on some of the undetermined sherds (Pl. 40: 6) comparable with the early forms of the footed bowls of Type 8 after Dular,429 which include the examples from Grave 41, Tumulus 48 at Stična.430 One of the stratigraphically earliest sherds with impressed decoration is the Type 3 lid (Pl. 2:3) found in a layer associated with Wall I; it is decorated with horizontal lines of lozenge-shaped impressions presumably made with a (whipped) cord.431 Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/176. STAMPED AND ROULETTE DECORATION These are specific techniques of impressing using a specially made toothed tool. Roulette decoration is a series of regularly spaced impressions made either with a roulette or a clay or bone tool with a semicircular toothed edge.432 Similar tools may also have had a stamp positioned on the working edge.433 Roulette decoration most often appears in combination with other decorative techniques. It has been identified on 20 sherds or 13.6% of the pottery with impressed decoration, which represents 1.0% of all the pottery with non-painted decoration (Fig. 59). It consists of impressed shallow dots as part of composite designs on hand-built vessels together with stamped ring-and-dots (Fig. 60: O 24a; Pls.25:14; 56:20; 65:15; 72:15; 77: 15-17; 85: 5-7), of lines of small squares or rectangles (Fig. 60: O 23a; Pls. 18:19; 56:21; 71:17; 74: 9), of small triangles (Fig. 60: O 23b; Pl. 18: 16), oval impressions (Fig. 60: O 23c; Pl. 14: 2), elongated vertical rectangles (Fig. 60: O 23d; Pl. 37: 7) and crescent-shaped impressions (Fig. 60: O 23e; Pls. 39: 2; 42: 7). Stamped decoration has been identified on 41 sherds or 27.9% of the pottery with impressed decoration, which represents 2.0% of all the pottery with non-painted decoration (Fig. 59). It mainly consists of various ring-and-dots (Fig. 60: O 24),434 which sometimes form 429 Dular 1982, (49 f), 185. 430 Gabrovec 2006, Pl. 28: 41/5. 431 Cf. Leghissa 2015, 289 ff, Figs. 3, 9. 432 Cf. Leghissa 2015. 433 Cf. Teržan 1996, 516, Fig. 7: 7. 434 Pls. 11: 9; 18:19; 25:14; 42: 8; 50:12; 56: 20; 57:20; 58: 3, 10; 65: 4; 65: 15; 72: 15; 77: 15-17; 85: 2; 85: 5-7. 209 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT 0 23 a b c d e Sl. 60: Oblike in motivi vtisnjenih okrasov; O 23 - koleščkanje ter O 24 - žigosanje. Fig. 60: Types and motifs of impressed decoration; O 23 - roulette and O 24 - stamped decoration. (sl. 60: O 24),434 ki so lahko bili odtisnjeni tudi v nizu; posamično se pojavita še žigosan okras krožcev s sredinskim križem (sl. 60: O 24c; t. 14: 2) ter žig krožca s trikotnimi žarki (sl. 60: O 24d; t. 18:16). Bodisi s koleščkanjem bodisi z žigosanjem okrašena keramika izvira predvsem iz plasti stopnje zidu III ter iz latenskih plasti (sl. 59), pri čemer se takšen okras pojavlja na halštatski prostoročno izdelani keramiki ter tudi na fini latenski keramiki, izdelani na hitrem lončarskem vretenu. Najpogostejši vtisnjeni okras pri latenski keramiki so žigosani koncentrični krožci, ki se običajno pojavljajo v obliki vodoravnega niza (sl. 60: O 24b).435 Takšen okras se pojavlja pri keramiki iz latenske plasti v sondi 6, iz stratigrafsko starejše latenske plasti a v sondi 5 in tudi iz latenskih plasti ob prečnih zidovih, pri čemer ga nekoliko večji delež izvira iz plasti k zidu 1 (sl. 59). Latenska keramika z žigosanim oziroma kolešč-kanim okrasom je bila že deležna posebne obravnave. Tako je Schwappach še pred zaključkom sistematičnih izkopavanj na stiškem gradišču opravil podrobno analizo 434 T. 11: 9; 18: 19; 25: 14; 42: 8; 50: 12; 56: 20; 57: 20; 58: 3, 10; 65: 4; 65: 15; 72: 15; 77: 15-17; 85: 2; 85: 5-7. 435 T. 18: 8, 18: 18; 25: 15; 50: 16; 56: 14; 57: 19; 58: 2; 60: 19; 61: 13; 71: 16; 76: 10; 87: 13; 88: 14; 89: 13. linear motifs. Apart from these, there are also individual examples of stamped encircled crosses (Fig. 60: O 24c; Pl. 14:2) and circles surrounded by triangular rays (Fig. 60: O 24d; Pl. 18:16). The pottery with either roulette or stamped decoration was predominantly found in the layers associated with Wall III and in the La Tene layers (Fig. 59). In general, such decoration is also present on the Hallstatt hand-built pottery, as well as the La Tene fineware thrown on the fast wheel. On the pottery from the La Tene period, the most common decoration is ring-and-dots usually forming horizontal lines (Fig. 60: O 24b).435 Such decoration can also be found on the pottery from the La Tene layer in Trench 6, the stratigraphically earlier La Tene Layer a in Trench 5 and the La Tene layers associated with both crosswalls, of those slightly more from the layers associated with Wall 1 (Fig. 59). La Tene pottery with stamped or roulette decoration has been the subject of several detailed studies. Schwappach's analysis of the La Tene stamped ware, with an emphasis on the ring-and-dots,436 included the 435 Pls. 18: 8, 18:18; 25:15; 50:16; 56: 14; 57:19; 58:2; 60: 19; 61: 13; 71: 16; 76: 10; 87: 13; 88: 14; 89: 13. 436 Schwappach 1970-1971. 210 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT latenske keramike z žigosanim okrasom, pri kateri se je osredotočil prav na motiv koncentričnih krožcev.436 Pri tem je v obravnavo pritegnil enako okrašene grobne najdbe, kot je latenska keramika iz Valične vasi437 in Roj pri Moravčah.438 Pokazal je, da gre pri latenski keramiki z dolenjskih najdišč, okrašeni z žigi, najverjetneje za nekakšno nadaljevanje halštatske tradicije,439 hkrati pa je opozoril na povezave z zgodnjelatensko keramiko jugozahodnih slovaških in madžarskih najdišč.440 Kronološko je žigosano latensko keramiko iz Stične postavil v čas stopnj e LT B2 po srednjeevropski kronologiji.441 Na podlagi Sch-wappachove analize veljajo žigosani koncentrični krožci za okras, ki naj bi se na Dolenjskem pojavljal pri keramiki iz zgodnje-, še pogosteje pa iz srednjelatenskega obdobja.442 Vendar pa ne gre spregledati dejstva, da se tako v Stični (prim. t. 70: 1, 2, 5 in t. 71: 16, 17; t. 88: 11 in 14; t. 89: 8, 9 in 13) kot tudi na drugih mlajšeželeznodobnih najdiščih t. i. mokronoške skupine (sl. 61 )443 z žigosanjem okrašena latenska keramika nemalokrat pojavlja skupaj z značilno poznolatensko keramiko.444 Medtem ko latenska keramika z žigosanim okrasom koncentričnih krogov v plasteh k zidu III ni bila odkrita, je tu razmeroma pogosto zastopana prostoročno izdelana keramika (sl. 59: O 24 b, d), okrašena s podobnimi oblikami žigov (sl. 60: O 24a). V čas tretjega zidu namreč sodi tudi hiša 4 iz sonde 19, kjer je bilo izkopanih največ fragmentov prostoročnih posod z žigosanim okrasom (t. 85:2,2a, 5-7). Tu so bili skupaj najdeni kosi keramike, na katerih zasledimo skoraj vse variante žigosanih koncentričnih krožcev oziroma motive, ki se pojavljajo v Stični. Gre namreč za enostavne (t. 85:2,2a) ali vodoravne nize 436 Schwappach 1970-1971. 437 Gabrovec 1966, t. 26: 5; Schwappach 1970-1971, sl. 2; t. 4: 4, 5: 1; Teržan 1973, t. 26: 3; 27: 15. 438 Schwappach 1970-1971, 242, op. 13; Knez 1977, t. 6: 55. 439 Schwappach 1970-1971, 242 s. 440 Schwappach 1970-1971, 244 s. 441 Schwappach 1970-1971, 246. Prim. Schwappach 1971; isti 1973; isti 1975; isti 1977. Za kritični pregled Schwappachove študije žigosane keramike glej pri Zeiler 2010, 21 ss. 442 Guštin 1984, 327 ss; Božič 1983, 88; isti 1987, 870 ss. Prim. Dizdar 2013, 352 ss, sl. 32. 443 Šmatevž - Tica, Djuric 2007, 35: G 84; Sitarjevec nad Litijo - Pavlin, Dular 2007, t. 22: 12; Roje pri Moravčah - Schwappach 1970-1971, 242, op. 13; Knez 1977, t. 6: 5; Gradišča pri Jelšah - Pavlin, Dular 2007, t. 22: 19; Pančičev vrh pod Javorjem - Pavlin, Dular 2007, t. 23: 10, 11; Gradec pri Blečjem Vrhu na Dolenjskem - Pavlin 2011, t. 8: 12; Vrhnika - Horvat 1990, t. 13: 7; Zagorica pri Biču - Vičič 2003; Šinkovec 2011, t. 2: 5; 3: 7; 8: 7; 11: 2; Valična vas - Gabrovec 1966, t. 26: 5; Schwappach 1970 - 1971, sl. 2; t. 4; 5: 1; Teržan 1973, t. 26: 3; 27: 15; Dular, Breščak 1996, t. 3: 14; Cvinger nad Koriti - Dular et al. 1995, t. 16: 11; Gradec pri Vinkovem Vrhu - Dular et al. 1996, t. 22: 12; Novo mesto - Križ 2001, 110: 222; isti 2005, 18; Brežice - Božič 1999b, 153: sl. 2. 444 Prim. Pavlin, Dular 2007, 81, op. 60. finds excavated at Stična even before the end of the systematic excavations, as well as the La Tene grave goods with such decoration from Valična vas437 and Roje near Moravče.438 He observed that the stamped ware from Dolenjska is most probably a continuation of the Hallstatt tradition,439 but also noted the connections with the Early La Tene pottery from the sites in south-western Slovakia and Hungary.440 He dated the stamped ware from Stična to LT B2 of the central European chronology.441 Of the stamped ring-and-dots on the pottery from Dolenjska, he observed that it appeared on the Early and even more so the Middle La Tene pottery.442 That said, it should be noted that at Stična (cf. Pl. 70:1, 2, 5 and Pl. 71: 16, 17; Pl. 88:11 and 14; Pl. 89: 8, 9 and 13) and other Late Iron Age sites of the so-called Mokronog group (Fig. 61),443 stamped ware is known to have been found together with typical Late La Tene pottery.444 While no sherds of the La Tene pottery with stamped ring-and dots were found in the layers associated with Wall III, these layers did yield relatively numerous pieces of hand-built vessels (Fig. 59: O 24 b, d) with similar stamped decoration (Fig. 60: O 24a). Also associated with Wall III is House 4 excavated in Trench 19, which revealed most of such vessel fragments (Pl. 85: 2, 2a, 5-7). Found together were also three sherds that bear almost all of the different variants of ring-and-dots known from Stična; ring-and-dots appearing individually (Pl. 85:2, 2a), arranged in horizontal lines (Pls. 42: 8; 50:12; 58:10) and in combination with incisions and roulette decoration (Pls. 18:19; 25:14; 56:20; 65:15; 72: 15; 77:17; 85:5-7). Similar composite designs are known on the pottery from House IV excavated at Vintarjevec 437 Gabrovec 1966, Pl. 26: 5; Schwappach 1970-1971, Fig. 2; Pls. 4: 4, 5: 1; Teržan 1973, Pls. 26: 3; 27: 15. 438 Schwappach 1970-1971, 242, Fn. 13; Knez 1977, Pl. 6: 55. 439 Schwappach 1970-1971, 242 f. 440 Schwappach 1970-1971, 244 f. 441 Schwappach 1970-1971, 246. Cf. Schwappach 1971; idem 1973; idem 1975; idem 1977. For a critical overview of Schwappach's study see Zeiler 2010, 21 ff. 442 Guštin 1984, 327 ff; Božič 1983, 88; idem 1987, 870 ff. Cf. Dizdar 2013, 352 ff, Fig. 32. 443 Šmatevž - Tica, Djuric 2007, 35: G 84; Sitarjevec nad Litijo - Pavlin, Dular 2007, t. 22: 12; Roje pri Moravčah - Schwappach 1970-1971, 242, op. 13; Knez 1977, t. 6: 5; Gradišča pri Jelšah - Pavlin, Dular 2007, t. 22: 19; Pančičev vrh pod Javorjem - Pavlin, Dular 2007, t. 23: 10, 11; Gradec pri Blečjem Vrhu na Dolenjskem - Pavlin 2011, t. 8: 12; Vrhnika - Horvat 1990, t. 13: 7; Zagorica pri Biču - Vičič 2003; Šinkovec 2011, t. 2: 5; 3: 7; 8: 7; 11: 2; Valična vas - Gabrovec 1966, t. 26: 5; Schwappach 1970 - 1971, sl. 2; t. 4; 5: 1; Teržan 1973, t. 26: 3; 27: 15; Dular, Breščak 1996, t. 3: 14; Cvinger nad Koriti - Dular et al. 1995, t. 16: 11; Gradec pri Vinkovem Vrhu - Dular et al. 1996, t. 22: 12; Novo mesto - Križ 2001, 110: 222; isti 2005, 18; Brežice - Božič 1999b, 153: sl. 2. 444 Cf. Pavlin, Dular 2007, 96, Fn. 57. 211 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT 1. Šmatevž 2. Sitarjevec nad Litijo 3. Roje pri Moravčah 4. Gradišča pri Jelšah 5. Pančičev vrh pod Javorjem 6. Gradec pri Blečjem Vrhu na Dolenjskem 7. Vrhnika 8. Stična 9. Zagorica pri Biču 10. Valična vas 11. Cvinger nad Koriti 12. Gradec pri Vinkovem Vrhu 13. Novo mesto 14. Brežice Sl. 61: Karta razprostranjenosti latenske keramike z žigosanim okrasom koncentričnih krožcev (v izseku dopolnjeno po Schwappach 1970-1971). Fig. 61: Distribution map of the La Tene pottery with stamped ring-and-dots (after Schwappach 1970-1971 with sites added only on the detailed map). žigov (t. 42: 8; 50: 12; 58: 10) in okras žigov, vrezov ter koleščkanih odtisov (t. 18: 19; 25: 14; 56: 20; 65: 15; 72: 15; 77:17; 85: 5-7). Podoben sestavljeni okras žigosanih koncentričnih krožcev, odtisov in vrezov zasledimo pri keramiki iz hiše IV z Vintarjevca pri Litiji, ki sodi v čas negovskega horizonta.445 Prostoročno izdelana keramika, okrašena z žigosanimi koncentričnimi krožci v obliki sestavljenih okrasov, sicer kaže podobnosti s keramiko tipa Fritzens-Sanzeno;446 podobne okrase pa zasledimo 445 Stare V. 1999, 23 ss, sl. 12: 2. Med gradivom z Vintarjevca, ki v večini sploh še ni objavljeno, je razmeroma številno zastopana prav stiškim najdbam podobna keramika z žigosanim okrasom. Ogled vseh tamkajšnjih naselbinskih najdb, ki jih hrani Narodni muzej Slovenije, mi je ljubeznivo omogočil dr. B. Laharnar. 446 Teržan 1994, 130, op. 118; prim. Gleirscher 1985, sl. near Litija dating to the Negova phase.445 Hand-built pottery decorated with stamped ring-and-dots as part of a composite design is similar to the pottery of Type Fritzens-Sanzeno,446 but also to the hand-built pottery from the hillforts in western Bohemia dating to Ha D2-3/LT A.447 445 Stare V. 1999, 23 ff, Fig. 12: 2. The small finds from Vintarjevec, for the most part unpublished, include relatively numerous sherds with stamped decoration that is most closely similar to that on the pottery from Stična. I was able to examine the settlement finds from this site with the kind permission by dr. Boštjan Laharnar. 446 Teržan 1994, 127, Fn. 18; cf. Gleirscher 1985, Fig. 3: 5; Lang 1992, Fig. 3: 2; Rageth 1992, Fig. 2; Gamper 2006, 41 ff, Abb. 8. 447 Chytraček, Metlička 2004, 72; Figs. 32: 1; 35: 18, 23, 24; 56: 5, 6, 12; 113: 9; 126: 7, 11, 15. 212 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT tudi na prostoročno izdelani keramiki z gradišč na zahodu Češke, datirani v čas stopnje Ha D2-3/LT A.447 Od prostoročno oblikovane keramike z žigosanim okrasom iz sonde 19 je stratigrafsko-kronološko mnogo starejša najdba sklede tipa 5, okrašene z žigosanimi krož-ci s sredinskim križem ter najverjetneje s koleščkanjem izvedenimi ovalnimi odtisi, ki skupaj oblikujejo motiv girlande (t. 14: 2). Skledi, najdeni v najmlajši plasti k zidu I iz sonde 16A, lahko glede na obliko žigov naj demo dobre primerjave pri keramiki iz III. horizonta Poštele. Tam se pojavljajo enaki žigi, a predvsem na ognjiščnih kozah,448 medtem ko s koleščkanjem vtisnjen okras povezujemo z žarnogrobiščno tradicijo.449 Podobno gre z žarnogrobiščnimi vplivi povezovati tudi okrase koleščkanja pri posamičnih primerkih iz plasti med zidovoma I in II (t. 37: 7) in iz nasipa na zunanji strani zidu II (t. 74: 9). Tovrstne povezave namreč dopušča že v plasti k zidu I najden fragmentiran lonec (t. 39: 2), okrašen s koleščkanim nizom luničastih odtisov in cikcak vrezom, ki je pogosta oblika vrezanega okrasa pri žarnogrobiščni keramiki. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/179. 3.5.4 GUBANJE IN FASETIRANJE Okras gubanja ali gubam podobne izbokline, oblikovane s pritiskanjem v še mehko ostenje posode,450 skupno zasledimo pri 26 kosih ali 1,2 % keramike z nebarvnim okrasom (sl. 56). Pri halštatski keramiki je gubanje, ki se pojavlja v obliki samostojnih enostavnih ter tudi v obliki sestavljenih okrasov skupaj z žleblje-njem ter modeliranimi vodoravnimi rebri (sl. 57: O 12; t. 8:17; 11: 6; 49:10; 62:1; 65:10; 66: 3; 77: 4), značilen okras predvsem za ciborije tipa 4 (sl. 43: C 4) in sklede tipa 10 (sl. 47: Sk 10). Nerazvrščeni so namreč ostali le manjši fragmenti posod z okrasom posamičnih okroglih izboklin (sl. 57: O 12a; t. 52: 17; 55: 16). Medtem ko s posamičnimi izboklinami okrašeni fragmenti izvirajo predvsem iz plasti med zidovoma I in II, se z gubanjem okrašena keramika pojavi že v stratigrafsko najmlajših plasteh k zidu I (sl. 59). Pri obravnavi grobne keramike je Dular okras gu-banja predstavil kot izrazito mladohalštatsko oblikovno prvino, ki je značilna predvsem za Dolenjsko, kjer naj bi 3: 5; Lang 1992, sl. 3: 2; Rageth 1992, sl. 2; Gamper 2006, 41 ss, Abb. 8. 447 Chytraček, Metlička 2004, 72; sl. 32: 1; 35: 18, 23, 24; 56: 5, 6, 12; 113: 9; 126: 7, 11, 15. 448 Teržan 1990, 32 ss, sl. 3, 16; t. 1: 16; 14: 22; 18: 2; 24: 6, 7. Podobno je okrašena tudi latvica iz naselja v Hotinji vasi, ki je datirano v čas Ha C1-D1 ali stopnjo Poštela II-III (Ger-bec 2015, 144-145: G423, 177; Gerbec 2014, 283). 449 Teržan 1990, 32 ss, t. 26: 4; 39: 6, 7. 450 Horvat 1999, 39, sl. 29. Stratigraphically and chronology much earlier from the hand-built pottery with stamped decoration from Trench 19 is the dish of Type 5 bearing stamped encircled crosses combined with oval impressions, probably made with a roulette to form garlands (Pl. 14: 2). This dish was found in the latest layer associated with Wall I in Trench 16A and has close comparison among the pottery of the Postela III horizon. The latter pottery has the same stamped motifs, but they mainly appear on firedogs,448 while the roulette decoration is connected with the Urnfield culture tradition.449 Also connected with Urnfield culture influences is the roulette decoration on individual sherds from the layers between Walls I and II (Pl. 37: 7) and from the earthwork along the exterior of Wall II (Pl. 74: 9). Such connections are further suggested by a fragmented jar from a layer associated with Wall I (Pl. 39:2) that bears roulette decoration consisting of lines of crescent-shaped impressions and zigzag incisions, which is common on the Urnfield culture pottery. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/179. 3.5.4 INDENTING AND FACETTING The decorative technique of indenting involved pressing the still soft walls of a vessel either in or out.450 It has been identified on 26 sherds or 1.2% of the pottery with non-painted decoration (Fig. 56). Indentations on the Hallstatt pottery appear as the sole decoration, but also in combination with grooves and cordons (Fig. 57: O 12; Pls. 8: 17; 11: 6; 49: 10; 62: 1; 65: 10; 66: 3; 77: 4). They are typical of the footed bowls of Type 4 (Fig. 43: C 4) and the dishes of Type 10 (Fig. 47: Sk 10). Only small vessel fragments with round indentations have remained undetermined as to their vessel form (Fig. 57: O 12a; Pls. 52: 17; 55: 16). Sherds with individual indentations were predominantly found in the layers between Walls I and II, while indentations proper already appear on the pottery from the strati-graphically latest layers associated with Wall I (Fig. 59). In his analysis of ceramic grave goods, Dular presented the indented decoration as a Late Hallstatt element mainly characteristic of Dolenjska, where it presumably first appeared in the Serpentine fibulae phase.451 His definition was expanded by Terzan, who 448 Terzan 1990, 33 ff, Fig. 3, 16; Pls. 1: 16; 14: 22; 18: 2; 24: 6, 7. Similar decoration can be found on the dish with an in-turned rim from the settlement excavated at Hotinja vas and dated to the Postela II-III horizon, i.e. Ha C1-D1 (Gerbec 2015, 144-145: G423, 177; idem 2014, 283). 449 Terzan 1990, 32, ff, Pls. 26: 4; 39: 6, 7. 450 Horvat 1999, 39, Fig. 29. 451 Dular 1982, 85. For an overview of the indented pottery from a wider south-eastern Alpine area see Stollner 2002, 210 ff, Abb. 98. 213 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT se pojavila šele v času kačastih fibul.451 Njegovo opredelitev je dopolnila Teržanova, ki je dobro pokazala, da se na Dolenjskem tovrstno krašenje lahko pojavlja že pri posodju iz časa horizonta Stična 2.452 Povsem nasprotno meni Božič, ki zlasti Teržanovi oporeka, da njena zgodnja datacija nagubane keramike, ki se po njegovem pojavi šele v grobovih certoškega horizonta,453 temelji na nehomogenih, nezanesljivih oziroma celo napačno sestavljenih grobnih celotah.454 Vendar pa Božičevi dataciji z gubanjem okrašene keramike ne morem slediti, saj poznamo več primerov t. i. gubank iz moderno izkopanih grobov, datiranih tudi še v starohalštatsko obdobje (predvsem v stopnjo Stična 2)455 ali na začetek mladohalštatskega obdobja, ki ga označuje čas stopnje kačastih fibul.456 451 Dular 1982, 85. Za pregled nagubane keramike na širšem jugovzhodnoalpskem območju glej pri Stollner 2002, 210 ss, Abb. 98. 452 Teržan 1990, 68, op. 215; ista 1994, 122, ista 2008, 283 ss. Glej tudi Teržan 2003, 69, Abb. 4 - prim. Teržan 2008, 204 s, op. 44. 453 Božič 2009; isti 2010. Prim. Parzinger 1988, 47. Za oceno Parzingerjeve kronologije glej Teržan 1992. 454 Božič 2014a, 2; isti 2014b, 5 s; isti 2014c, 1, 4 s; isti 2014d. 455 Križ 1997, 29ss, t. 49: 3; pri čemer je datacija groba, podana na podlagi primerjav za železno ščitno ploščo in zajemalko, z vidika nagubane keramike bržkone nekoliko prezgodnja. Morebiti je nekoliko prezgodnja tudi datacija groba 26 z nagubanim ciborijem iz gomile na Hribu v Metliki (Grahek 2004, 159 s, t. 5: 15). Gre za v drugo nasutje gomile vkopan grob, ki skupaj z drugimi skeletnimi pokopi predstavlja najmlajšo fazo tamkajšnje gomile (ib., 116 ss, sl. 15, pril. 2-4). V njej se je pokopavanje najverjetneje zaključilo v času (starejše) stopnje kačastih fibul, saj iz nje ne poznamo mlajših najdb (prim. Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, 143). Še v čas kačastih fibul datira tudi grob 18 (ib., 159 s, t. 3: 4-20) s košarastim obeskom. Zanje P. Pavlin ugotavlja, da se v okviru dolenjskega kulturnega kroga pojavijo prav v času kačastih fibul, razširjeni pa so tudi še v certoški stopnji (Pavlin 2014, 347 ss). Pavlin je tako grob 18 s pomočjo neprepričljivih primerjav za narebrene zapestnice s presegajočimi konci datiral šele v čas certoških fibul (ib., 342 s, op. 21), vendar pa je tovrstno oblikovan obročast nakit zagotovo tudi starejši (prim. Tecco Hvala 2012, (299 ss), 307, op. 1304, sl. 111: 3, 6). Ob tem naj opozorim še na neutemeljeno opazko, da je bil pri objavi gomile s Hriba pri Metliki "napačno sestavljen" grob 31 (Dular, Lubšina Tušek 2014, op. 5). Tudi v tem primeru gre za preuranjeno kritiko, saj je bilo pri objavi navedeno, da ženski nakit ne pripada moškemu pokopu, ki po lastnih pridatkih narekuje starejšo datacijo, ampak je bil pokojniku bržkone pridan na prsi (Grahek 2004, 160 in 161, op. 83, t. 6: 6-17; 7: 1-12). Ali gre v primeru skupaj zbranega ženskega nakita vseeno morebiti za ostanke poznejšega, nedokumentiranega vkopa v grob 31, tudi iz ponovnega pregleda terenske dokumentacije ni mogoče ugotoviti. 456 Udovč, Leben Seljak 2009, 29: G7, 36-37: G39; Knez 1993, t. 11: 11, 13: 2, 22:5 (v kataloškem opisu so posode z nagubanim ostenjem označene kot narebrene!); Križ 1997, t. 1: II/1-1, 3: II/4-1, 9: II/12-1, 27: III/1 in 5, 28: III/6-1, 44: III/17-3, 56: III/29-1, 57: III/31-1, 61: III/38-2; isti 2000, t. convincingly argued that such decoration can already be found on the pottery from the Stična 2 phase.452 A contrary opinion was voiced by Dragan Božič, who dated the appearance of indented pottery to the Certosa fibulae phase453 and believed Teržans early dating to be erroneous because it was based on unreliable and sometimes incorrectly reconstructed grave groups.454 However, there is a number of recently excavated and appropriately documented graves with indented or Gebuckelte bowls that are dated to the Early Hallstatt period (mainly the Stična 2 phase)455 or the Serpentine fibulae phase.456 452 Teržan 1990, 68, Fn. 215; idem 1994, 123, idem 2008, 283 ff. See also Teržan 2003, 69, Abb. 4 - cf. Teržan 2008, 204 f, Fn. 44. 453 Božič 2009; idem 2010. Cfr. Parzinger 1988, 47. For evaluation of Parzinger's chronology see Teržan 1992. 454 Božič 2014a, 2; idem 2014b, 5 f; idem 2014c, 1, 4 f; idem 2014d. 455 Križ 1997, 29 ff, Pl. 49: 3; the dating of the grave is based on the parallels for the iron shield plate and the ladle, but may be slightly too early from the point of view of the indented pottery. The dating of Grave 26 with an indented footed bowl from the tumulus at Hrib in Metlika (Grahek 2004, 178, Pl. 5: 15) may also be slightly too early. The grave was dug into the second layer of the tumulus, which represents, together with other inhumation burials, the latest phase ofthe tumulus (Ib., (116 ff), 178 ff, Fig. 15, Apps. 2-4), where burial most probably ended in the (Early) Serpentine fibulae phase because it revealed no later finds (cf. Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, 143 f). Grave 18 (Grahek 2004, (159 f), 177 ff, Pl. 3: 4-20) with a basket-shaped pendant also dates to the Serpentine fibulae phase. Primož Pavlin observed that such pendants appeared in the Dolenjska cultural circle in the Serpentine, but remained widespread in the next, Certosa fibulae phase (Pavlin 2014, 353 f), which led him to date the grave, on the basis of unconvincing parallels for the ribbed bracelet with overlapping ends, to the latter phase (Ib., 352, Fn. 21). Such bracelets, however, can certainly be earlier (cf. Tecco Hvala 2012, (301 ff), 307, Fn. 1304, Fig. 111: 3, 6). I should also cite an unfounded remark of Grave 31 being incorrectly 'reconstructed' in the publication of the tumulus from Hrib in Metlika (Dular, Lubšina Tušek 2014, Fn. 5). The said publication clearly states that the female jewellery (of a later date) was not worn by the man buried, but was rather placed on his chest (Grahek 2004, 160 and 161!, Fn. 83, Pls. 6: 6-17; 7: 1-12). Even after a repeated examination of the field documentation, it is not possible to determine whether the jewellery was the consequence of a later, undocumented cut into the grave pit. 456 Udovč, Leben Seljak 2009, 29: G7, 36-37: G39; Knez 1993, Pls. 11: 11, 13: 2, 22:5 (in the catalogue, the vessels with indented decoration are described as ribbed, i.e. gerippte in German!); Križ 1997, Pls. 1: II/1-1, 3: II/4-1, 9: II/12-1, 27: III/1 and 5, 28: III/6-1, 44: III/17-3, 56: III/29-1, 57: III/311, 61: III/38-2; idem 2000, Pls. 16: V/23-2, 28: V/46-1, 42: V/69-2 (see description in the catalogue!); idem 2013, Pl. 18: I/76-1 (catalogue descriptions are jumbled!). Cf. Kruh 2008, 80 ff (Stična II/1, Pl. 108: 13), 110 (Stična II/1, Pl. 126: 6). The indented vessels that (possibly) predate the Certosa fibulae phase include an indented bowl from Silovec above 214 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Okras vodoravno oblikovanih gub oziroma izrazito profiliranje se pojavi pri latenski keramiki (sl. 57: O 13; t. 58:14; 70: 5; 71: 8; 95:25), in sicer gre za značilen okras pokalov tipa 3 (sl. 44: P 3), t. i. narebrene pokale, ki jih je Knez opredelil kot značilno domačo, lokalno obliko posodja.457 Raznoliko profiliranim pokalom podoben okras nosijo tudi narebrene čaše,458 ki so morda zastopane tudi med stiško keramiko (t. 58: 14).459 Ne glede na posamezno vrsto posodja, torej pokale ali čaše, najdbe iz grobov jasno kažejo, da se takšno profiliranje posod uporablja predvsem ob koncu latenskega obdobja, to je v času stopnje Mokronog III.460 Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/180. *** Fasetiranje kot obliko okrasa zasledimo pri skupno 15 kosih ali 0,7 % keramike z nebarvnim okrasom (sl. 56), pri čemer razlikujem med vodoravnim (sl. 58: O 19a; t. 51: 1; 59: 14; 77: 8) in poševnim fasetiranjem (sl. 58: O 19b; t. 14: 1; 73: 9). Obe obliki fasetiranega okrasa sta predvsem značilnost latvic tipa 19 (sl. 46: La 19), ki večinoma izvirajo iz plasti k zidu I in iz plasti k zidu II (sl. 53). Latvice z vodoravno fasetiranimi rameni predstavljajo enega izmed vodilnih tipov keramike iz poznobronastodobnih gradišč na območju kasnejše dolenjske halštatske skupine.461 Kot obliko grobne keramike jih na tem območju zasledimo še v najmlajših grobovih ljubljanske žarnogrobiščne skupine462 ter tudi v starohalštatskih grobovih dolenjske skupine oziroma v grobovih iz časa stopnje Podzemelj, lahko tudi še v grobovih stopnje Stična-Novo mesto 1.463 Vodoravne fasete zasledimo tudi na notranji strani ustij pitosov tipa 2 (sl. 58: O 19c; t. 82: 6), vendar tu prvenstveno niso za okras, temveč zaradi uporabne vloge. Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/180. 16: V/23-2, 28: V/46-1, 42: V/69-2 (glej opis v katalogu!); isti 2013, t. 18: I/76-1 (v katalogu zamešani opisi!). Prim. Kruh 2008, 80 ss (Stična II/1, t. 108: 13), 110 (Stična II/1, t. 126: 6). Pri najdbah nagubane keramike, ki so (lahko) starejše od stopnje certoških fibul, naj omenim tudi naselbinsko najdbo gubanke iz radiokarbonsko datirane plasti (2510±25 BP! -prim. Teržan, Črešnar 2014, 716 ss, sl. 41, 42, 44) z najdišča Silovec nad Orešjem na Bizeljskem (Kovač 2014, 508 ss, sl. 29.4: 7). 457 Knez 1992, 86; sl. 10; t. 88-90. 458 Npr. Knez 1977, t. 3: 12; 5: 7; 14: 10. 459 Ker gre zgolj za posamičen fragment, za katerega ne moremo zanesljivo ugotoviti, ali sploh gre za kos čaše, ga pri tipološki razvrstitvi (v okviru pokalov tipa 2) nismo posebej izpostavljali. 460 Knez 1992, 86; Božič 1987, 878, sl. 46: 21; Guštin 1977, 72 s; t. 20: 6, 8-10; isti 1984, 338, sl. 26: 3. 461 Dular 1993, 105, t. 1: 7, 9; 2: 6; 3: 6; 4: 11. 462 Dular 1982, 115. 463 Dular 1982, 75 s; Gabrovec 1968, 157 ss, t. 8: 6, 7; Teržan 1994, 122. La Tene pottery could also be decorated with horizontal indentations or mouldings (Fig. 57: O 13; Pls. 58: 14; 70: 5; 71: 8; 95: 25). These are characteristic of the Type 3 goblets (Fig. 44: P 3) that, according to Knez, represent a local vessel form.457 Similar mouldings are also present on beakers,458 some of which may also have been found at Stična (Pl. 58: 14).459 Regardless of the form of the vessels, grave goods clearly show that mouldings are mainly to be found at the end of the La Tene period, i.e. in the Mokronog III phase.460 Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/180. *** Facetted decoration has been identified on 15 sherds or 0.7% of the pottery with non-painted decoration (Fig. 56). Facetting can be either horizontal (Fig. 58: O 19a; Pls. 51:1; 59:14; 77: 8) or oblique (Fig. 58: O 19b; Pls. 14:1; 73: 9), with both primarily found on the dishes with an inturned rim of Type 19 (Fig. 55: La 19) recovered for the most part from the layers associated with either Wall I or Wall II (Fig. 53. The dishes with an inturned rim and horizontal facetting on the shoulder are one of the leading pottery types from the Late Bronze Age hillforts in the area later covered by the Dolenjska Hallstatt group.461 As grave goods, they continue to appear in the latest graves of the Ljubljana Urnfield culture group,462 but also in the Early Hallstatt graves of the Dolenjska group, i.e. in the graves from the Podzemelj, possibly even the Stična-Novo mesto 1 phase.463 Horizontal facetting also appears on the rim interiors of the Type 2 pithoi (Fig. 58: O 19c; Pl. 82: 6), but serves a functional, rather than a decorative purpose. Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/180. Orešje na Bizeljskem (Kovač 2014, 508 ff, Fig. 29.4: 7) excavated in a layer dated with the radiocarbon method (2510±25 BP! - cf. Teržan, Črešnar 2014, 716 ff, Figs. 41, 42, 44). 457 Knez 1992, 86; Fig. 10; Pls. 88-90. 458 E.g. Knez 1977, Pls. 3: 12; 5: 7; 14: 10. 459 It is a fragment that could not be positively determined as a beaker and is therefore not specially treated in the typology (as part of the Type 2 goblets). 460 Knez 1992, 86; Božič 1987, 878, Fig. 46: 21; Guštin 1977, 72 f; Pl. 20: 6, 8-10; idem 1984, 338, Fig. 26: 3. 461 Dular 1994b, 189, Figs. 3: 10, 12; 4: 10, 13; 5: 21. 462 Dular 1982, (115), 215. 463 Dular 1982, (75 f), 196; Gabrovec 1968, 157 ff, Pl. 8: 6, 7; Teržan 1994, 123. 215 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT 3.5.5 BARVNI OKRAS V okviru keramike z barvnim okrasom obravnavam 223 kosov keramike ali 10,27 % okrašene keramike, kar je 2,57 % skupno obravnavanih kosov keramike (sl. 59). Gre za kose, ki imajo ohranjene različne barvne premaze in nikakor ne predstavljajo vse keramike z barvnim okrasom. Kot bom pokazala v nadaljevanju, je uporaba barv pri krašenju ena od značilnosti posameznih tipov posod, pri katerih se barva ni ohranila vedno. Pri obravnavanem okrasu so zastopane tri osnovne barve: bela, črna in rdeča. Omenila sem že, da se barvni nanosi niso vedno in/ali v celoti ohranili, zato je povsem razumljivo, da je količinski delež posameznih barv odvisen zgolj od njihove ohranjenosti. Med keramiko z barvnim okrasom namreč prevladujejo fragmenti posod, za katere je značilen rdeče-črno barvan okras (sl. 62).464 Tovrstni okras je vsaj z ostanki ene izmed barv ohranjen pri 136 kosih ali 61,0 % keramike z barvanim okrasom, kar pomeni 1,6 % vseh obravnavanih kosov keramike. Pri 65 kosih ali 29,1 % keramike z barvnim okrasom so se ohranile sledi slikanega okrasa črne barve, pri 20 kosih ali 9,0 % keramike z barvnim okrasom pa sledi slikanega okrasa rdeče barve. Z najmanjšim deležem je zastopan okras v beli barvi (t. 14:2; 18: 9), ki se je kot bela inkrustacija ohranil le pri dveh kosih ali 0,9 % keramike z barvnim okrasom (sl. 62). Čeprav barvni pigmenti niso bili natančneje kemično analizirani,465 lahko vsaj pri črni barvi razlikujemo med dvema nanosoma. Pri bolje ohranjenih, neožganih ali povsem prežganih kosih razlikujemo med barvnimi nanosi, ki vsebujejo grafit in imajo zato metalni sijaj, ter med kompaktnejšimi, črnimi smolnatimi barvili,466 domnevno izdelanimi na osnovi saj. Sledi grafitne barve smo prepoznali pri skupno 72 kosih ali 32,3 % keramike z barvnim okrasom, pri čemer je bil grafitni premaz kot edini barvni okras ugotovljen pri 33 kosih ali 14,8 % keramike.467 Na drugi strani se je črna, bolj smolnata barva ohranila pri skupno 57 kosih ali 25,6 % keramike z barvnim okrasom, in sicer kot edini barvni okras pri 32 kosih ali 14,3 % keramike (sl. 62).468 Obe vrsti črnih premazov sta bili namreč uporabljeni tudi za slikanje rdeče-črnih barvnih okrasov. Pri tem okrasu gre za slikanje črnih motivov na rdeče obarvano podlago.469 Tako 464 T. 8: 3, 8: 5-7; 11: 13; 13: 6, 7; 14: 10; 15:15, 16; 16:11; 17: 2, 4; 18: 11, 12; 21: 15; 22: 4, 5; 23: 4; 24: 9; 27: 2; 28: 8; 30: 9, 13, 14, 17; 31: 3; 32: 4; 33: 14, 16; 43: 2; 56: 1; 58: 4; 59: 10, 11, 13; 63: 11, 13; 65: 12; 68: 2; 77: 6, 10; 78: 10, 14, 15; 82: 6, 7, 9; 83: 1-3. 465 Prim. taciak, Stoksik 2010. 466 Miazga 2010. 467 T. 10: 6; 13: 5; 14: 12; 17: 6; 34: 14; 37: 3; 54: 15; 55: 4; 59: 9; 64: 5; 65: 10; 77: 7; 78: 12. 468 T. 15: 2; 32: 3; 47: 1; 63: 10; 64: 7; 77: 13; 78: 9; 80: 15; 87: 7, 12; 95: 13. 469 Dular 1982, 90. 3.5.5 PAINTED DECORATION The group of painted pottery consists of 223 sherds or 10.27% of the decorated pottery, which represents 2.57% of all the analysed ceramic finds (Fig. 59). This group only includes the sherds with surviving remains of different coats or paints. The use of painting is typical of certain vessel types, as will be demonstrated below. Painted decoration involves three colours: white, black and red. As mentioned above, painted decoration has not always survived and the shares of individual colours therefore depend on their preservation. Of the surviving painted decoration, black-on-red predominates (Fig. 62).464 Such decoration has been identified, in at least one of the colours, on 136 sherds or 61.0% of the painted pottery, which represents 1.6% of all the ceramic finds. There are 65 sherds or 29.1% of the painted pottery with the remains of a black paint, and 20 sherds or 9.0% with the remains of a red paint. Least represented is the white decoration (Pls. 14:2; 18: 9), which survives as encrustation on two sherds or 0.9% of the painted pottery (Fig. 62). The paints have not been subjected to a detailed analysis as to the pigments used, 465 but it is macroscopi-cally possible to distinguish between two different black paints. The well preserved sherds that are not secondarily burnt or completely burnt through show either a graphite paint, and therefore have a metal shine, and a more compact black resinous paint,466 presumably made from soot. Traces of the graphite paint have been identified on 72 sherds or 32.3% of the painted pottery, with the paint as the sole decoration established on 33 sherds or 14.8% of the painted pottery.467 The resinous black paint has survived on 57 sherds or 25.6% of the painted pottery, as the sole decoration on 32 sherds or 14.3% of the painted pottery (Fig. 62).468 Both paints were used in combination with a red base.469 On many sherds, only the remains of the red base have survived; in much rarer cases, on the fragments that were completely burnt through, it is only the black, mainly graphite paint that survived. White encrustation as the sole decoration has survived on a dish of Type 5 (Pl. 14: 2) and on a fragment (Pl. 18: 9) of a vessel with a graphite coat. The latter revealed traces of white encrustation associated with the form of impressed decoration that is relatively frequent 464 Pls. 8: 3, 8: 5-7; 11: 13; 13: 6, 7; 14: 10; 15: 15, 16; 16: 11; 17: 2, 4; 18: 11, 12; 21:15; 22: 4, 5; 23: 4; 24: 9; 27:2; 28: 8; 30: 9, 13, 14, 17; 31: 3; 32: 4; 33: 14, 16; 43: 2; 56: 1; 58: 4; 59: 10, 11, 13; 63: 11, 13; 65: 12; 68: 2; 77: 6, 10; 78: 10, 14, 15; 82: 6, 7, 9; 83: 1-3. 465 Cf. taciak, Stoksik 2010. 466 Miazga 2010. 467 Pls. 10: 6; 13: 5; 14: 12; 17: 6; 34: 14; 37: 3; 54: 15; 55: 4; 59: 9; 64: 5; 65: 10; 77: 7; 78: 12. 468 Pls. 15: 2; 32: 3; 47: 1; 63: 10; 64: 7; 77: 13; 78: 9; 80: 15; 87: 7, 12; 95: 13. 469 Dular 1982, (90), 228. 216 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT so se pri mnogo kosih ohranili le ostanki osnovne rdeče barve; mnogo redkeje, in sicer pri slabo ohranjenih, prežganih kosih, pa so bile ugotovljene le sledi črne, v večini primerov grafitne barve. Bela inkrustacija je bila kot edini barvani okras skromno ohranjena le pri skledi tipa 5 (t. 14: 2). V sledeh se je ohranila še pri fragmentu (t. 18: 9), ki pa je pripadal s sivkastim grafitnim premazom obarvani posodi. Ker gre pri slednjem le za enega od primerkov z značilnim vtisnjenim okrasom (sl. 58: O 21b), lahko upravičeno domnevamo, da je bila raba bele inkrustacije za krašenje posod pravzaprav pogostejša, kot kažeta ohranjena kosa. Če gre pri beli inkrustaciji gotovo za okras, je razlaga uporabe črnih, smolnatih premazov bolj negotova. Ohranjene sledi kažejo, da so bili tovrstni premazi na eni strani uporabljeni za krašenje, to je slikanje, na drugi strani pa za premazovanje celotnih posod. Kot motivi se pri slikanju pojavljajo horizontalni pasovi na ustju ali ramenih loncev, kot pri loncu tipa 3a (t. 32: 2), tipa 18b (t. 95: 13) ali loncih tipa 29 (t. 15: 2). Nemalokrat pa sem sledi črne, smolnate barve zasledila na zunanji in tudi na notranji strani posod, kar kaže, da so bile posode s takšnimi premazi lahko tudi v celoti premazane. Menim, da pri tem ne gre za dekoracijo, temveč za povsem funkcionalno uporabo bolj smolnatih premazov, in sicer v smislu impregnacije keramike, z namenom izboljšati njeno neprepustnost. Črni, smolnati premaz se namreč pojavlja predvsem pri bolj grobi keramiki, t. i. kuhinjskih oblikah posodja in ognjiščnih predmetih. Nemalokrat sem pri keramiki s tovrstnimi premazi na notranji strani zasledila tudi organske ostanke,470 bržkone ostanke prismojene hrane (sl. 63), ki pa tako kot sami premazi še niso bili natančneje kemijsko analizirani.471 Barvni okras črnih do sivih odtenkov je izdelan tudi z uporabo grafitnih premazov. Sledi teh premazov kažejo, da je bila z njimi okrašena bolj fina keramika. V večini primerov, kjer so grafitni premazi edini barvni okras, gre za posode, premazane v celoti (t. 10: 6, 59: 9, 64:5, 78:12). Le pri redkih kosih kažejo ohranjene sledi na motive, npr. horizontalni pas na ustju lonca tipa 17a (t. 77: 7). Za barvanje finejših posod je bila uporabljena tudi rdeča barva. Ohranjene sledi rdeče barve namreč kažejo, da so bile v celoti rdeče obarvane predvsem raznovrstne sklede (t. 45:13) in skodele. Daleč največji delež keramike z barvnim okrasom pomeni t. i. rdeče-črno barvana keramika. Gre pravzaprav za rdeče barvane posode, na katere so bili v črni barvi naslikani horizontalni pasovi. Rdeče-črno barvanje se pojavlja pri dveh povsem različnih vrstah posodja, in sicer pri ciborijih in pitosih. Pri tem lahko ugotovimo, da je za ciborije, lahko tudi situle tipa 1 do 3 (sl. 43: C 1-3) karakteristično barvanje z rdečo barvo in slikanje motivov s črnkastim grafitnim premazom. 470 Glej pod opombe pri Grahek 2013, 2/185 ss = 445ss. 471 Prim. Ogrinc 2014. Sl. 62: Delež barvane keramike glede na barvo. Fig. 62: Shares of the painted pottery according to colour. on the pottery from Stična (Fig. 58: O 21b), which suggests that the use of white encrustation was originally much more common. White encrustation is merely decorative, which cannot so easily be said of the black resinous paint. The surviving traces show such paints used for depicting particular motifs, but also to cover whole vessels. Of the former, it was used to paint horizontal bands on the rim or shoulder, such as can be seen on the jars of Variant 3a (Pl. 32: 2), Variant 18b (Pl. 95:13) and Type 29 (Pl. 15: 2). A number of sherds revealed traces of a black resinous coat on the exterior and the interior of vessels; in these instances, the paint was probably more than mere decoration and served a practical purpose, of impregnation. This has mainly been observed on coarseware and kitchen utensils, which in some cases also revealed organic remains,470 possibly the remains of burnt food (Fig. 63). Similarly as the paints, there organic remains have not yet been subject to a detailed analysis.471 The graphite paints come in different shades of black and grey. Their traces can primarily be found on 470 See Grahek 2013, 2/185 ff = 445ff: Endnotes (Opombe). 471 Cf. Ogrinc 2014. 217 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT abed Sl. 63: Organski ostanki na fragmentih posod: ID 6703/033-007, L 1b (a), 6912/042-001, L 1a (b), 6704/012-053, La 16 (c), 7117/014-013, Pl 2 (d); sledi črnega smolnatega premaza na notranji strani ustja 6702/074-001, L 10a (e), rdeče-črno barvan fragment 7016B/tlak-005, Pi 2 (f, g) in sledi grafitnega premaza na rdeče barvanem fragmentu 6914/017-011, C 1c (h). M = 1: 1 (a-d), 1: 1,5 (e-h). Fig. 63: Organic remains on the fragments of vessles: ID 6912/042-001, L 1a (b), 6704/012-053, La 16 (c), 7117/014-013, Pl 2 (d); black resinous paint on inner side of a rim 6702/74-001, L 10a(e), a black-on-red painted fregment 7016B/tlak, Pi 2 (f, g) and remains of graphite slip on a red painted fragment 6914/017-011, C 1c (h). M = 1: 1 (a-d), 1: 1,5 (e-h). Podoben okras je značilen tudi za narebrene pitose tipa 2 (sl. 37: Pi 2), vendar pa v njihovem primeru pri črnem premazu, ki je bil uporabljen za poslikavo, nisem zasledila primesi grafita. Krašenje z barvnimi premazi je bilo z izjemo in-krustiranja izvedeno samostojno, brez uporabe drugih načinov krašenja. Prav to je razlog, da keramiko z barvnim okrasom obravnavam posebej, ločeno od okrašene keramike brez barvnih nanosov. V nasprotju s keramiko z nebarvnim okrasom izvira keramika z barvnim okrasom večinoma iz plasti stopnje zidu II (sl. 59). Vendar pa je treba takoj opozoriti, da gre za nekoliko popačen vtis, saj gre za skupni delež keramike z barvnim okrasom, ne oziraje se na posamezni okras in njegovo osnovno barvo. V okviru barvnega krašenja keramike je namreč daleč najpogostejše rdeče-črno barvanje. Če to keramiko ločeno obravnavamo z drugimi, enobarvnimi okrasi, ugotovimo, da se rdeče-črno barvanje pojavlja predvsem pri keramiki stopnje zidu II, medtem ko je rdeče barvanje, ki se sicer pojavi šele v plasteh mlajše stopnje zidu I, enakomerno zastopano pri keramiki vseh stopenj. Podobno velja za črno barvano keramiko, vendar pa pri tem ne smemo pozabiti, da sem uspela pri krašenju v črni barvi razlikovati med dvema vrstama črnih premazov. Da so med njima pomenljive razlike, fineware. For most of the sherds with graphite painting representing the sole decoration, the paint covers the vessels completely (Pls. 10: 6, 59: 9, 64: 5, 78:12). Only rarely is this kind of paint used to make individual motifs, such as the horizontal band on the rim of the jar of Variant 17a (Pl. 77: 7). Fineware vessels, mainly different dishes (Pl. 45:13) and bowls, could also be coated red. By far the largest share of the painted pottery is the black-on-red painted ware. As mentioned above, these vessels were first painted in red, after which horizontal bands were added in black. This painting appears on two very different forms of vessels, on footed bowls and pithoi. The footed bowls, also the situlae, of Types 1-3 (Fig. 43: C 1-3), have a red base and different motifs added with a blackish graphite paint. The cordoned pithoi of Type 2 (Fig. 37: Pi 2) revealed similar decoration, but the black paint in this case did not reveal traces of graphite. With the exception of encrustation, painted decoration was not combined with other decorative techniques. This is why the painted pottery has been treated separately. Contrary to the pottery with non-painted decoration, most of the painted pottery came to light in the layers associated with Wall II (Fig. 59), of course with differences between individual motifs and paints. 218 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT je razvidno že iz pregleda kosov keramike s črnim ter rdeče-črnim okrasom. Črne, bolj smolnate premaze namreč zasledimo pri bolj grobi, lahko tudi na vretenu oblikovani latenski keramiki, zato ne preseneča, da je bila s črnim premazom brez grafita obarvana keramika razmeroma pogosta tudi v latenskih plasteh. Na drugi strani uporaba grafitnih premazov pri latenski keramiki ni bila ugotovljena, temveč je njihova uporaba vezana predvsem na bolj fino keramiko iz plasti k zidu I do vključno plasti k zidu II (sl. 59). V stratigrafsko najmlajših plasteh k zidu I se pojavi keramika z rdeče-črno obarvanim okrasom, ki ima dobre primerj ave v grobni keramiki. To še zlasti velj a za cib orij e oziroma situle, ki sem jih na podlagi posameznih oblikovnih razlik ter z namenom vzpostavitve boljšega pregleda nad zelo fragmentarno ohranjenimi primerki pri tipološki razvrstitvi opredelila kot ciborije tipa 1 do 3 (sl. 43: C 1-3). Različno oblikovani rdeče-črno barvani ciboriji in situle sodijo namreč med obliki posodja, ki sta najpogosteje pridani že v grobove iz stiških gomil.472 Nekoliko drugače je z rdeče-črno obarvanimi pitosi. Te sicer poznamo iz grobov, vendar pa se kot grobna keramika v okviru dolenjske halštatske skupine pojavljajo le redko.473 Povsem enako obliko pitosa, kot so številno zastopani med obravnavano naselbinsko keramiko, zasledimo le v grobu 30/gomila 48 iz Stične474 ter v grobovih 1892/13 in 163/gomila 13 z Magdalenske gore,475 ki vsi sodijo v čas stopnje Stična 2.476 V tem času se torej na Dolenjskem pojavi rdeče-črno obarvana keramika, ki je nato zelo priljubljena predvsem v času kačastega in certoškega horizonta. Jasne so tudi povezave rdeče-črno obarvane keramike s keramiko svetolucijskega in estenskega prostora.477 Povezave okrasov v obliki horizontalnih rdeče-črno obarvanih pasov z zahodnimi skupinami so še posebej izrazite pri pitosih. Pri tem je pomenljivo, da t. i. svetolu-cijske pitose ali v našem primeru pitose tipa 2 na drugih gradiščih Dolenjske zasledimo izjemno redko, med stiško keramiko pa so razmeroma pogosti. Rdeče-črno obarvani narebreni pitosi so bili namreč najdeni le na 472 Gabrovec et al. 2006, t. 7: 1-12, 8: 15/1-4, 9: 11, 10: 20/1 in 21/1, 15: 7, 28: 38/3-4 in 40/4, 29: 23-24 itd. Prim. Tecco Hvala 2014a, 331, sl. 4:1. 473 Dular 1982, 21 s. 474 Gabrovec et al. 2006, t. 25: 1-4; Teržan 2008, 244 s. 475 Tecco Hvala et al. 2004, t. 5: 1-5; 123, 124. 476 Dular (1982, 21) je med svoje pitose tipa 4, ki ustrezajo našim pitosom tipa 2, uvrstil še neobjavljen, nam nepoznan primerek z Vač ter pitos z Libne (Guštin 1976, t. 46: 2), ki pa se od naših primerkov povsem razlikuje in bi glede na obliko prej sodil med situle z nogo tipa 1 po Dularju (1982, 55 s; t. 19). Prav zaradi noge na tem mestu ne upoštevamo tudi pitosom tipa 2 podobne fragmentirane posode iz groba 105/gomila 13 z Magdalenske gore (Tecco Hvala et al. 2004, t. 102: 1-4). 477 Dular 1982, 91, 135 ss. Prim. Tecco Hvala 2014a, 335 s. The black-on-red painting can mainly be found on the pottery of the Wall II phase, while red painting, which appears in the late Wall I phase, is evenly represented on the pottery of all phases. A similar observation can be made for the black painted pottery, though we should keep in mind the two different black paints. The black resinous paint is found on coarseware, also the wheel-thrown La Tene coarseware, and was relatively frequently found in the La Tene layers. The graphite paint has not been observed on the La Tene pottery and its use is mainly tied to the fineware from the layers associated with Wall I, Wall II and those between Walls I and II (Fig. 59). As mentioned above, the black-on-red painted ware first appeared in the stratigraphically latest layers associated with Wall I. This pottery has close parallels in the ceramic grave goods from Dolenjska, particularly the footed bowls and situlae here treated as Types 1-3 (Fig. 43: C 1-3). Black-on-red painted footed bowls and situlae of different shapes also represent frequent grave goods in the tumuli at Stična.472 The black-on-red painted pithoi show a slightly different picture. They were only rarely found in the graves of the Dolenjska Hallstatt community;473 the type of pithoi numerously represented among the settlement pottery from Stična was only found in Grave 30/Tumulus 48 from Stična474 and in Graves 1892/13 and 163/Tumulus 13 from Mag-dalenska gora,475 all dating to the Stična 2 phase.476 It is in this phase that, in Dolenjska, appears the black-on-red painted ware that went on to be very popular in the Serpentine and Certosa fibulae phases. This pottery has clear connections with that of the Sveta Lucija and Este groups.477 The connections with cultural groups to the west are particularly apparent in the pithoi with horizontal black bands painted on a red base. It is noteworthy that these so-called Sveta Lucija pithoi or, in our case, pithoi of Type 2 are relatively numerous at Stična, but represent extremely rare finds on other hillforts in Dolenjska, where 472 Gabrovec et al. 2006, Pls. 7: 1-12, 8: 15/1-4, 9: 11, 10: 20/1 and 21/1, 15: 7, 28: 38/3-4 and 40/4, 29: 23-24 and others. Cf. Tecco Hvala 2014a, 338, Fig. 4:1. 473 Dular 1982, 173 f. 474 Gabrovec et al. 2006, Pl. 25: 1-4; Teržan 2008, 245 f. 475 Tecco Hvala et al. 2004, Pls. 5: 1-5; 123, 124. 476 Dular (1982, 21) included into his Type 4, which corresponds with Type 2 here, an unpublished pithos from Vače, which I am not familiar with, as well as a pithos from Libna (Guštin 1976, Pl. 46: 2), which differs considerably from all other pithoi of this type and rather belongs to the footed situlae of Type 1 after Dular (1982, (55 f), 188; Pl. 19). It is because of the foot that the fragmented vessel from Grave 105/ Tumulus 13 from Magdalenska gora (Tecco Hvala et al. 2004, Pl. 102: 1-4) is not included into this discussion. 477 Dular 1982, (91, 135 ff), 228, 217 f. Cf. Tecco Hvala 2014a, 339. 219 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Libni478 ter Kunklju pri Vrhtrebnjem.479 Gre odsotnost "svetolucijskih" pitosov na drugih gradiščih pripisati zgolj slabši raziskanosti ali pa morda v njihovi številčnosti odseva posebno mesto Stične v okviru dolenjske skupine? Prepričljivega odgovora na to vprašanje za zdaj ni mogoče dati, gotovo pa gre v prihodnosti temeljitejše zasledovati in preučevati tudi pojav tovrstnega posodja, zlasti ker se tudi v grobovih dolenjske skupine pitosi tipa 2 le redko pojavljajo, pa še to vedno v žganih in s tega vidika netipičnih grobovih.480 Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/183-184. 3.6 KRONOLOŠKA PODOBA STIČNE Z VIDIKA NASELBINSKE KERAMIKE Na podlagi natančnega pregleda stratigrafije sem skušala komplekse kar natančneje umestiti v petstopenjsko shemo Stične: to so stopnja zidu I, prehodna stopnja I/II, stopnji zidu II in III ter stopnja latenske poselitve. Po tej shemi je bil opravljen stratigrafsko-kronološki oris posameznih keramičnih tipov. Pri tem je treba poudariti, da je bilo izmed vseh, to je skupno 8.673 obravnavanih kosov keramike, natančneje opredeljenih le 6.954 ali 80,2 %. Preostali kosi praviloma izvirajo iz najdbenih kompleksov, ki jih ni mogoče povezovati z zgolj eno stopnjo stiškega naselja, ampak združujejo najdbe iz (lahko tudi premešanih) plasti različnih stopenj. Pri kronološko-stratigrafskem orisu posameznih tipov so bile vse najdbe, ki izvirajo iz natančno stratigrafsko neopredeljenih kompleksov ali pa je bilo zanje ugotovljeno, da so to zagotovo zamešani kosi, obravnavane kot neopredeljene. Na drugi strani pa sem se odločila, da skupaj z najdbami stopnje zidu I obravnavam gradivo iz najstarejših stavbnih ostalin na prečnem obzidju v notranjosti naselja. To sta hiši 1 in 2 v sondi 19. Pri objavi rezultatov izkopavanj je Teržanova sicer sledila Gabrovčevi kronološki opredelitvi utrdbenih faz Stične in je gradnjo najstarejših objektov, odkritih na prečnem obzidju, postavila na začetek zidu II,481 vendar pa sem pri pregledu vse keramike lahko ugotovila, da so najdbe iz hiše 1 in 2 v sondi 19 povsem primerljive z najdbami stopnje zidu I. Podobno velja za dobršen del keramičnega gradiva hiše 1 v sondi 18, čeprav že sama stratigrafija izpričuje, da je bil ta objekt dalj časa v uporabi. V hiši 1 iz sonde 18 je bila namreč odkrita tudi močna žganinska plast, ki lahko ustreza žganinskim plastem prehodne stopnje I/II.482 Zaradi dejstva, da tudi pri sondah, izkopanih na zunanjem obzidju, marsikdaj ni bilo možno povsem 478 Štibernik 1999, t. 11; 12. 479 Dular et al. 1991, t. 1: 1, 6; 2: 5, 9. 480 Prim. Teržan 1980; Tecco Hvala 2012, 63 s. 481 Teržan 1994, 130. 482 Teržan 1994, 120 ss; ista 1998, op. 116. black-on-red painted pithoi with cordons were only found at Libna478 and Kunkelj near Vrhtrebnje.479 The absence of the Sveta Lucija pithoi might simply be the consequence of less research conducted at these hillforts, but it might reflect a special place of the Stična hillfort within the Dolenjska Hallstatt group. We can as yet not answer this question and special attention should be paid to these vessels in future studies, particularly because they only appear in small numbers and only in cremation, hence atypical burials in the cemeteries in Dolenjska.480 Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/183 - 184. 3.6 CHRONOLOGY OF STIČNA AS REVEALED BY SETTLEMENT CERAMICS A detailed examination of the stratigraphy at the Stična settlement enabled me to attempt to attribute individual complexes of finds as precisely as possible to the five phases of the settlement's existence, i.e. Wall I, the transition between Walls I and II, Wall II, Wall III and the phase of the La Tene habitation. This represented the basis for a stratigraphic and chronological analysis of individual types of ceramic finds. The analysis involved 8,673 sherds, of which only 6,954 or 80.2% could be attributed more precisely. Most of the remaining pieces form part of the complexes of finds that could not be attributed to any particular phase, but rather consist of finds from the layers (sometimes mixed) associated with more than one phase. Such finds were treated as undeterminable within the chrono-stratigraphic attribution in the chapter on the typology of the ceramic finds. The finds from the remains of the earliest houses at the crosswall, i.e. Houses 1 and 2 in Trench 19 in the hillfort interior were treated together with the finds attributed to the phase of Wall I, which is based on the finds from Houses 1 and 2 being closely comparable with those attributed to Wall I. A different interpretation was proposed by Teržan who, in the excavation report, followed the chronological framework of the fortification phases at Stična established by Gabrovec and dated the construction of these earliest houses to the beginning of Wall II.481 A similar attribution, i.e. to the (late) phase of Wall I, concerns most of the ceramic finds from House 1 in Trench 18 on the crosswall, although the stratigraphy there shows the house to have been in use over a longer period of time. This decision was based on two observations. One is that the house revealed a thick layer ofburnt material corresponding with the layers of burnt material of the I/II transition phase.482 The second observation is 478 Štibernik 1999, Pls. 11; 12. 479 Dular et al. 1991, Pls. 1: 1, 6; 2: 5, 9. 480 Cf. Teržan 1980; Tecco Hvala 2012, 64 f. 481 Teržan 1994, 129. 482 Teržan 1994, 121 ff; idem 1998, Fn. 116. 220 Sl. 64: Delež osnovnih zvrsti keramike po posameznih stopnjah zidov in latenskih plasteh. Fig. 64: Shares of the basic groups of ceramic finds in individual phases of the Stična hillfort. jasno opredeliti kompleksov, ki bi izhajali izključno iz plasti med starejšima halštatskima zidovoma (ker te sploh niso bile odkrite v vseh izkopanih sondah), sem tudi najdbe iz hiše 1 iz sonde 18 obravnavala kot najdbe (mlajše) stopnje zidu I. Zanesljivejša, tudi stratigrafsko izpričana je povezava najdb iz hiše 3 v sondi 19 in hiše 2 v sondi 18 z najdbami stopnje zidu II. Najdbe iz stratigrafsko najmlajšega objekta, odkritega v sondah na prečnem obzidju, to je hiše 4 iz sonde 19, sem obravnavala skupaj z najdbami stopnje zidu III. Tako sem obravnavala tudi najdbe iz skromno ohranjenih halštatskih plasti v sondi 11. Tam je bilo sicer ugotovljeno, da so bile v latenskem obdobju starejše plasti dobro očiščene oziroma povsem splanirane, vendar domnevam, da se je v sledeh ohranila kvečjemu plast najmlajše halštatske poselitve.481 Na to kaže tudi najdba votle, drobno narebrene zapestnice.482 Če si v nadaljevanju ogledamo osnovne zvrsti keramike, lahko ugotovimo, da se delež posodja iz latenskih plasti v primerjavi s halštatskimi stopnjami močno poveča (sl. 64). To je povezano s precejšnjim upadom deleža ognjiščnih predmetov, kar kaže tudi na večjo spremembo v načinu priprave hrane v latenskem obdobju. Nekatere spremembe, vezane na način priprave hrane oziroma na aktivnosti ob ognjišču, lahko ugotovimo že s pregledom oblik t. i. ognjiščnih predmetov po posameznih stopnjah (sl. 65: A). Med ognjiščnimi predmeti stopnje zidu I močno prevladujejo pekve, ki so tudi sicer najpogostejša oblika keramike, vezane na ognjišče. Med preostalim gradivom kaže izpostaviti ognjiščne rešetke. Gre za razmeroma maloštevilne predmete, za katere se zdi, da so značilni predvsem za 481 Prim. Dular 1994a, 138 ss; Gabrovec 1994, 148. 482 Gabrovec 1994, t. 14: 14. that even some of the complexes of finds from the trenches on the rampart could not only be attributed to the layers between the two earliest Hallstatt walls (because these layers were not even found in all of the trenches). A more reliable and stratigraphically documented is the attribution of the finds from House 3 in Trench 19 and House 2 in Trench 18 to the Wall II phase. The finds from House 4 in Trench 19, which is stratigraphi-cally the latest building unearthed in the trenches on the crosswall, were attributed to the Wall III phase, as were the finds from the poorly surviving Hallstatt layers in Trench 11. In that trench, excavators established that, in the La Tene period, the earlier layers were either completely removed or levelled, but it is nevertheless safe to assume that traces of the last Hallstatt habitation layer did survive.481 This assumption is corroborated by the find of a hollow and thinly ribbed bracelet.482 The general analysis of the basic groups of ceramic finds has shown that the share of pottery increases considerably in the La Tene layers in comparison with the Hallstatt phases (Fig. 64). This is due to a marked decrease of hearth utensils and consequently a substantial change in the way food was prepared in the La Tene period. The overview of the shapes of the so-called hearth utensils in different phases (Fig. 65: A) shows the changes related to the manner of preparing food or activities at the hearth. In the Wall I phase, the predominant hearth utensils are baking lids, which represent the commonest ceramic form associated with the hearth throughout the phases. Other utensils include gridirons; these are rare finds that seem to date predominantly to the earliest phase. Individual pieces of gridirons were also identified 481 Cf. Dular 1994a, 139 ff; Gabrovec 1994, 149. 482 Gabrovec 1994, Pl. 14: 14. 221 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Sl. 65: Delež oblik ognjiščnih (a) in drugih keramičnih predmetov (b) po posameznih stopnjah zidov in latenskih plasteh. Fig. 65: Shares of hearth utensils (a) and other ceramic finds (b) in individual phases of the Stična hillfort. najstarejšo stopnjo. Posamični kosi ognjiščnih rešetk so bili sicer prepoznani tudi med gradivom stopnje zidu II, vendar pa stratigrafski podatki kažejo, da gre lahko tudi za starejše najdbe.483 Pri prehodni stopnji I/II je opazen upad deleža pekev, hkrati pa se poveča delež svitkov in ognjiščnih koz, in sicer neokrašenih koz tipa 1. V stopnji zidu II se delež svitkov povečuje naprej; še bolj opazna in pomenljiva pa je rast deleža prenosnih pečk. Gledano v celoti, je delež posameznih oblik ognjiščnih predmetov iz stopnje zidu II najprimerljivejši z deležem najdb stopnje zidu III, čeprav so pri tem opazne posamezne tipološke 483 Da gre vsaj pri fragmentu ID 6912/051-003 najverjetneje za prežitek, lahko dokazuje tudi najdba iz profila ID 6912/102-015, ki je bila očitno pobrana skupaj s fragmentom 6912/102-014 (Grahek 2013, 2/310 in 318 = 570 in 578). among the finds from the Wall II phase, but stratigraphic data allows for the possibility of an earlier date.483 A marked decrease in the number of baking lids is noticeable in the Wall I/II transition phase, coupled with an increase in the number of ceramic rings and firedogs, the latter being plain firedogs of Type 1. The number of ceramic rings continues to rise in the Wall II phase. Even more noticeable is the increase in the number of portable ovens, which is comparable with the number of these finds in the Wall III phase, though there are some 483 One of the examples is the fragment of ID 6912/051003, which most probably represents an infiltrated earlier find, as suggested by the find from the profile of ID 6912/102-015 that was certainly collected together with the fragment of ID 6912/102-014 ( Grahek 2013, 2/310 and 318 = 570 and 578). 222 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT razlike (prim. sl. 54). Večje spremembe se nato pojavijo pri latenskodobni stopnji. Tu zopet upade delež pekev, povečata pa se deleža pladnjev in svitkov (sl. 65: A). Iz spreminjanja skupnega deleža ognjiščnih predmetov in tudi deleža posameznih oblik v tej skupini keramike je mogoče razbrati, da je bila v halštatskem obdobju pomembna predvsem peka pod pekvo. V času zidu I se na ognjiščih pojavljajo še preproste rešetke, medtem ko se kasneje bolj uveljavijo druge oblike ognjiščne keramike. V plasteh med zidom I in II se tako pojavijo sprva le neokrašene ognjiščne koze, močno se poveča delež svitkov, kar lahko kaže na pogostejšo pripravo hrane v (globokem) posodju. Predvsem v stopnji zidu II se poveča uporaba ognjiščnih pečk. V latenskem obdobju je najprej opazen upad deleža ognjiščnih predmetov. Med njimi so sicer še vedno najštevilčnejše pekve, vendar pa lahko prav zaradi večjega deleža posodja ter izrazite rasti deleža svitkov domnevamo, da je sedaj pomembnejši način priprave hrane kuhanje v loncih, kar potrjujejo tudi najdbe grafitne keramike. Glede na skupni delež drugih predmetov po posameznih stopnjah stiškega naselja ni opaziti razlik. Te zasledimo šele ob podrobnejšem pregledu oblike predmetov (sl. 65: B). Tako je v stopnji zidu II na eni strani mogoče opaziti upad deleža črepinjskih ploščic, na drugi strani pa se nadaljuje rast deleža motkov, ki ga je zaznati že v prehodni stopnji I/II. Motki in vretenca so v tem času tudi nekoliko drugačnih oblik. V stopnji zidu III so zastopani predvsem motki in vretenca, medtem ko se črepinjske ploščice ponovno pojavijo v latenskih plasteh. Z njimi so povezana tudi vretenca tipa 7, ki so skupaj z diskastimi vretenci tipa 6 najznačilnejša oblika vretenc iz latenskih plasti (prim. sl. 54, 55). V latenskodobnih plasteh v sondi 16B, torej na zunanjem pobočju naselbine, sta bila najdena tudi fragmenta šob, pri čemer je lahko mesto njunega odkritja še posebej pomenljivo. Medtem ko najdbe žlindre kažejo, da se je nadaljnja metalurška predelava dogajala v naselju (glede na delež najdb žlindre najverjetneje v gornjem delu naselja), pa najdbi šob nakazujeta, da so morda tudi v Stični rudo talili zunaj obzidja.484 Posamezne zanimive spremembe zaznamo tudi pri pregledu deleža oblik posodja po osnovnih kronoloških stopnjah Stične (sl. 66). Pri keramiki iz plasti med zidom I in II je tako najprej opazno povečanje deleža pitosov in ciborijev, pri čemer je prav nanje vezana postopna uveljavitev rdeče-črno barvanega okrasa, ki je najbolj razširjen pri keramiki stopnje zidu II. Na drugi strani lahko ugotovimo, da se pri oblikovanju posod v prehodni stopnji I/II začne uporabljati tudi počasno lončarsko kolo. V času zidu II se delež pitosov in ciborijev še bolj poveča, pojavijo se ročke; na drugi strani pa sedaj ne zasledimo buč oziroma te zaradi spremenjene oblike niso bile prepoznane. Buče so nato zopet zastopane med keramiko stopnje zidu III, pri čemer je v okviru te 484 Grahek 2013, 1/58, sl. 31: A. Prim. Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, 217. typological differences (cf. Fig. 54). Significant changes again occur in the La Tene phase, when the number of baking lids decreases and the number of platters and rings increases (Fig. 65: A). These observations lead to the conclusion that, in the Hallstatt period, food was mainly prepared under a baking lid. In the Wall I phase, these are accompanied by simple gridirons. Later, in the layers between Walls I and II, firedogs come to the forefront, initially undecorated, while ceramic rings also become more common, which suggests that food was increasingly prepared in (deep) vessels. The Wall II phase is marked by an increase in the use of portable ovens. In the La Tene period, there is a marked decrease in the use of hearth utensils; baking lids are still the most common, but the large share of vessels coupled with a marked increase in the ceramic rings suggests that food was predominantly cooked in jars, which is corroborated by the finds of graphite ware. The shares of other or miscellaneous forms of ceramic finds do not reveal any differences between individual phases of the Stična settlement; these only become noticeable when observing individual types and variants (Fig. 65: B). In the Wall II phase, we thus notice a decrease in the share of sherd whorls and an increase in the number of bobbins that continues from the I/ II transition phase. From the Wall II phase onwards, bobbins and spindle whorls are of somewhat different shapes. The Wall III phase primarily revealed bobbins and spindle whorls, while sherd whorls again appear in the La Tene layers. Connected with sherd whorls are the spindle whorls of Type 7, which represent the typical form of spindle whorls in the La Tene layers alongside the disc-shaped ones of Type 6 (cf. Figs. 54, 55). The La Tene layers in Trench 16B, i.e. on the exterior slope, also revealed two fragments of nozzles, the location outside the settlement of which may be significant. The finds of slag show that further metallurgic processing was carried out within the settlement (probably in the upper part, as revealed by the number of slag finds), while the recovered nozzles indicate that smelting may have been done outside the rampart at Stična, similarly as at some other sites.484 Significant changes may also be observed in the forms of pottery through the phases (Figs. 66). One such change is an increase in the share of pithoi and footed bowls in the layers between Walls I and II. These are also the two forms that show a gradual introduction of black-on-red painting, which becomes most frequent on the pottery of the Wall II phase. The Wall I/II transition phase witnesses another introduction, of the slow potter's wheel. The share of pithoi and footed bowls further increases in the Wall II phase, and pitchers also appear; globular jars are either no longer present or could not be identified because of a changed shape. Globular 484 Grahek 2013, 1/58, Fig. 31: A. Cf. Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, 216 f. 223 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT ■ ■ u-■■■ -1—u— n = 1486 n = 619 n = 975 II n = 915 Lt n = 1819 skupno/Total n = 6182 20 30 40 50 60 90 100 faza / Phase Pi L B C V G P Lo Ro La Sk pos. obi. Po d n • posodje skupno / Vessels total 1 26 519 11 6 13 6 4 2 279 59 413 12 CO rvj 1485 l/ll 29 213 7 1 8 1 2 106 24 145 3 73 619 II 70 303 12 33 4 1 6 159 58 228 4 CO VO 970 III 35 284 7 5 14 4 30 11 6 109 48 2 230 5 118 915 Lt 55 725 15 4 9 7 242 62 4 76 78 2 388 6 127 1819 neopred. / UNDETM. 11 138 3 1 4 47 10 2 19 15 80 2 38 374 skupno/Total 226 2182 55 17 81 22 319 83 7 20 748 282 4 47 1484 32 573 6182 Sl. 66: Delež oblik posodja po posameznih stopnjah zidov in latenskih plasteh. Fig. 66: Shares of pottery forms in individual phases of the Stična hillfort. stopnje opazen upad deleža ciborijev in pitosov oziroma rdeče-črno barvanih oblik posodja (sl. 59). Medtem ko je v okviru stopnje zidu III na eni strani ugotovljena rast ročk, na drugi strani povsem izginejo lončki. To je najverjetneje povezano z bolj ali manj opaznim splošnim trendom zmanjševanja volumna loncev, ki je statistično še najbolje izpričan pri loncih tipa 17 (prim. sl. 53). Med keramiko stopnje zidu III smo prvič zasledili tudi posebne oblike posodja, kot so cedila, vendar pa gre to pripisati slabi ohranjenosti najdb, ne pa tudi kronološko pomenljivim spremembam. Pri najmlajših halštatskih plasteh bolj preseneča razmeroma velik delež latenskih oblik posodja, kot so glinenke in pokali. Ker gre za več kot 10-odstotni delež vseh tovrstnih najdb (sl. 66), se postavlja vprašanje, ali imamo pri keramiki stopnje zidu III opraviti z razmeroma velikim deležem zamešanih najdb ali pa gre morda že za mlajšeželeznodobno stopnjo. Ta problem bom skušala pojasniti pri kronološki obravnavi. Kronološko opredelitev keramičnih tipov sem opravila v treh korakih. Najprej sem za vsako stopnjo podala oris stratigrafije, v okviru katerega so predstavljeni za kronološko opredelitev najrelevantnejši kompleksi. Na podlagi teh najdb so izpostavljeni najznačilnejši tipi posodja ter oblike in motivi okrasa. Pri kronološki opredelitvi sem nato opravila primerjavo z dobro dati- jars again appear in the Wall III phase, when there is a decrease in the shares of footed bowls and pithoi, i.e. black-on-red painted ware (Fig. 59). Pitchers are most frequent in the Wall III phase, while beakers disappear completely. The latter is most probably connected with the more or less noticeable general trend in decreasing the volume of jars, which is statistically most clearly visible in the jars of Type 17 (cf. Fig. 53). The pottery of the Wall III phase also reveals other vessel forms such as colanders, but this should be ascribed to a poor condition of the finds rather than to chronologically significant changes. The last Hallstatt layers also revealed a relatively high share of La Tene pottery forms like flasks and goblets. Because this share exceeds 10% (Fig. 66), it is not clear whether the pottery of the Wall III phase includes numerous mixed finds or it actually represents a Late Iron Age phase; this problem will be tackled below. The types of pottery from the Stična hillfort were chronologically determined in three steps. The first was to summarize the stratigraphy in relation to the complexes of finds that were deemed most relevant for the chronological attribution. These complexes of finds allowed me to determine the most characteristic pottery types as well as the types and motifs of decoration. The second step was to compare these types with the reli- 224 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT ranimi grobnimi najdbami. Končno sem se znova vrnila h kronološki opredelitvi posameznih stopenj. Datacija seveda temelji na keramiki, vendar pa so ob tem upoštevane tudi drobne, predvsem kovinske najdbe, ki jih je bilo mogoče pri analizi celotne terenske dokumentacije večkrat še natančneje stratigrafsko locirati.485 3.6.1 KERAMIKA HALŠTATSKIH STOPENJ STIČNE STOPNJA ZIDU I Plasti za zidom I, ki je bil postavljen na neposeljeno površino, so bile najbolje ohranjene v jugozahodnem delu naselja. V sondah 17, 16A in 14 smo tako uspeli razlikovati med tremi kulturnimi plastmi. Nad najstarejšo sivo kulturno plastjo, odkrito v vseh treh sondah, ki sem jo označila kot plast Ia, so bile v sondi 17 odkrite kulturne plasti objekta oziroma hiše, v sondah 16A in 14 pa mlajša kulturna oziroma ruševinska plast. Gre za plasti, ki sem jih v okviru posameznih sond obravnavala kot plast Ib. Te je v vseh treh sondah prekrivala ruševinska plast Ic, ki jo je možno povezovati s tamkaj ugotovljenim popravilom zidu I, na kar kažejo pasovi drobirja (sl. 67). S posameznimi plastmi za zidom I iz sond na jugozahodnem delu obzidja lahko primerjamo tudi plasti, odkrite v vzhodneje izkopanih sondah 4, 12 in 6. Tu predstavlja najstarejšo plast za zidom zelenkasta kulturna plast, ki sem jo v okviru posameznih sond označila kot plast Ia; mlajšo sivkasto kulturno plast oziroma plast Ib pa lahko primerjamo s plastjo Ic iz jugozahodnih sond. Predvsem v sondah 4 in 6 je ta plast namreč vsebovala pas drobirja, kot se je pojavljal v sondah, kjer je bilo ugotovljeno popravilo zidu. V sondi 12 pa je v vrhnjem delu vsebovala več žganine, ki jo lahko primerjamo z intenzivno žganinsko plastjo, kot je bila odkrita nad plastjo Ic v sondah na jugozahodnem robu ter sodi v čas prehodne stopnje I/II (sl. 67). Ali sodi zunanji nasip, odkrit v sondah 17, 16A in 16B, 4 ter 6, v starejšo ali mlajšo fazo zidu I, zaradi skromnih stratigrafskih podatkov in majhnega števila slabo ohranjenih najdb (t. 11: 11-16; 19: 1-4; 38: 7, 8) ni mogoče z gotovostjo ugotoviti. Po stratigrafskih podatkih in tudi na podlagi primerjave keramike uvrščamo v čas zidu I tudi posamezne hiše, odkrite v notranjosti naselja (sl. 67). Gre za hiši 1 in 2 iz sonde 19 ter hišo 1 iz sonde 18. Pri tem sodi hiša 1 iz sonde 19 v starejšo fazo zidu I, od nje nekoliko mlajša je hiša 2, ki jo postavljam v čas mlajše faze zidu I. Z mlajšo fazo zidu I moramo najverjetneje povezovati tudi hišo 1 iz sonde 18, saj je bila tu v vrhnjem delu odkrita močna žganina, ki jo lahko primerjamo z žganinskimi plastmi 485 Gabrovec 1994, 166 ss; t. 12-16. ably dated grave goods. Finally, the third step involved determining individual phases at the Stična settlement based on ceramics, but in correlation with other small finds, particularly the metal ones, which could in several instances be precisely stratigraphically located on the basis of field documentation.485 3.6.1 POTTERY OF STIČNAS HALLSTATT PHASES PHASE OF WALL I The layers associated with Wall I, constructed on previously unoccupied terrain, were best preserved in the south-western part of the hillfort. In Trenches 17, 16A and 14, we could distinguish between three cultural layers. The lowest was a grey cultural layer (Layer Ia) unearthed in all three trenches. Above it, Trench 17 revealed the cultural layers of a building, while Trenches 16A and 14 yielded a later cultural or debris layer; these layers were marked as Ib. In all three trenches, they were covered by debris Layer Ic, which was connected with the repair of Wall I visible in the trenches as thin layers of rubble (Fig. 67). The layers associated with Wall I in the southwestern part of the rampart can be correlated with the layers in Trenches 4, 12 and 6 excavated farther to the east. Here, the earliest layer is the greenish cultural layer marked as Ia, while the later greyish cultural layer (Ib) can be correlated with Layer Ic from the south-western trenches on the basis of the thin layer of rubble, clearly discernible in Trenches 4 and 6, connected with the repairs of the wall. In Trench 12, Layer Ib revealed burnt remains at the top, comparable with the thick layer of burnt material found above Layer Ic in the trenches on the south-western part of the rampart and attributed to the Wall I/II transition phase (Fig. 67). Trenches 17, 16A, 16B, 4 and 6 revealed an exterior earthwork that is associated with Wall I, but the limited stratigraphic data and the small number of poorly surviving finds (Pls. 11:11-16; 19:1-4; 38:7, 8) do not allow us to positively attribute it either to the early or the late phase. The stratigraphic data and the comparative analysis of the pottery does, however, allow us to date some building remains in the hillfort interior to the Wall I phase (Fig. 67). These are Houses 1 and 2 in Trench 19 and House 1 in Trench 18; of which House 1 in Trench 19 can be attributed to the early and House 2 to the late phase. House 1 in Trench 18 can most probably also be attributed to the late phase, as it revealed a thick layer of burnt material at the top that is comparable with the layers of burnt material between Walls I and II most clearly discernible in the southern part of the hillfort. 485 Gabrovec 1994, 167 ff; Pls. 12-16. 225 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT jugozahodni del / SW section jugovzhodni del / SE section prečno obzidje/Crosswall sonda/Irench 17 sonda /Irench 16A sonda /Irench 14 sonda /Irench 4 sonda/Trench 12 sonda/Trench 6 sonda/Trench 19 sonda/Trench 18 starejša / stopnja zidu 1/ Phase ofVVall 1 plast la / Layer la plast la / Layer la plast la / Layer la plast la / Layer la plast la / Layer la plast la / Layer la hiša 1 / House 1 plast lb/Layer Ib plast lb/Layer Ib plast lb/Layer Ib mlajša / Late plast le/Layer k plast le/Layer le plast le / Layer le plast lb/Layer Ib plast lb/Layer Ib plast lb/Layer Ib hiša 2/House 2 hiša 1 / House 1 prehodna stopnja I/II/ Phase ofVVall l/lltransition plast med lin II/ Between 1 and II plast med I in II/ Between I and II plast med 1 in II/ Between 1 and II plast med 1 In II / Between 1 and II plast med lin II/ Between 1 and II plast / Layer 1/11 v Sl. 67: Primerjalna tabela plasti stopnje zidu I in prehodne stopnje I/II iz posameznih sond. Fig. 67: Comparative table showing the layers of the Wall I and the Wall I/II transition phases in individual trenches. med zidom I in II oziroma prehodno stopnjo, izpričano predvsem na južnem delu naselja. Čeprav imamo opravka z razmeroma jasno stra-tigrafsko sliko o plasteh, ki sodijo k zidu I, pa je že iz pregleda tipov posodja po posameznih plasteh v sondah na jugozahodnem ter jugovzhodnem delu obzidja mogoče razbrati, da zgolj s tipološko-statistično obravnavo keramike težko razlikujemo med starejšo in mlajšo fazo zidu I.486 Kajti po posameznih plasteh so keramični tipi zastopani v majhnem številu oziroma se pojavljajo posamično, pri čemer je treba opozoriti, da so bili nekateri izmed kompleksov slabše opredeljeni487 in lahko vsebujejo zamešane najdbe. Kljub vsemu so za kronološko opredelitev starejše faze zidu I najpomembnejši kompleksi 12, 16a, 27, 28 in 29 iz sonde 17 (t. 1-4), kompleksi 22-25 iz sonde 16A (t. 12), kompleksi 18, 23, 24, 26 in 27 iz sonde 14 (t. 20:1-12), kompleksi 1, 2, 3, 4 in 6 iz sonde 4 (t. 35; 36:1-4), kompleksi 85, 86, 91, 92, 94 in 95 iz sonde 12 (t. 45: 1-12), kompleksa 25 in 63 iz sonde 6 (t. 51:1-7) ter najdbe iz hiše 1 v sondi 19 (t. 82:1-5). Za opredelitev mlajše faze zidu I pa kompleksi 24, 25 in 26 iz sonde 17 (t. 5:1-10), kompleksi 20 in 15, 18, 19 iz sonde 16A (t. 13; 14:1-9), kompleksa 20 in 21 iz sonde 14 (t. 20:13-16; 21:1-13), kompleksi 7, 8, 10, 11, 22, 23 iz sonde 4 (t. 36: 5-13; 37:1, 2), kompleksi 57, 66 in 67 iz sonde 12 (t. 46: 1-4), kompleksi 24, 54, 55, 59 iz sonde 6 (t. 51: 8-15; 52:1-4) ter najdbe iz hiše 1 v sondi 18 (t. 77) in hiše 2 v sondi 19 (t. 81). Za stopnjo zidu I so značilne predvsem naslednje oblike keramike: - pitosi tipa 1; zlasti pitosi tipa 1a (sl. 68: 1);488 486 Grahek 2013, sl. 110, 111. 487 Kot primer naj navedem kompleks 27, ki združuje vse najdbe iz večplastnega objekta, odkritega v sondi 17. 488 Na sliki 68 je predstavljen najbolje ohranjen primerek, ki sicer izvira iz žganinske plasti prehodne stopnje I/II. Kovinske najdbe iz plasti k zidu I so predstavljene po Gabrovec 1994: 28 = t. 16: 12; 29 = t. 12: 17; 30 = t. 16: 47; 31 = t. 12: 28. In spite of the relatively clear stratigraphie picture of the layers associated with Wall I, the overview of the pottery types from individual layers in the south-western and south-eastern trenches on the rampart shows that the typo-statistical analysis ofthe ceramic finds alone does not allow us to distinguish between the early and late Wall I phases.486 The types of ceramic finds are only represented with a small number or even with single finds from individual layers and, moreover, some of the complexes of finds were not clearly determined487 and may include mixed finds. The most important for the chronological determination of the early phase are Complexes 12, 16a, 27, 28 and 29 from Trench 17 (Pls. 1-4), Complexes 22-25 from Trench 16A (Pl. 12), Complexes 18, 23, 24, 26 and 27 from Trench 14 (Pl. 20:1-12), Complexes 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 from Trench 4 (Pls. 35; 36:1-4), Complexes 85, 86, 91, 92, 94 and 95 from Trench 12 (Pl. 45:1-12), Complexes 25 and 63 from Trench 6 (Pl. 51:1-7), as well as the finds from House 1 in Trench 19 (Pl. 82:1-5). The most important for the chronological determination of the late Wall 1 phase are Complexes 24, 25 and 26 from Trench 17 (Pl. 5:1-10), Complexes 20 and 15, 18, 19 from Trench 16A (Pls. 13; 14:1-9), Complexes 20 and 21 from Trench 14 (Pls. 20:13-16; 21:1-13), Complexes 7, 8, 10, 11, 22, 23 from Trench 4 (Pls. 36: 5-13; 37:1, 2), Complexes 57, 66 and 67 from Trench 12 (Pl. 46:1-4), Complexes 24, 54, 55, 59 from Trench 6 (Pls. 51: 8-15; 52:1-4), as well as the finds from House 1 in Trench 18 (Pl. 77) and House 2 in Trench 19 (Pl. 81). The characteristic pottery of the Wall I is: - pithoi of Type 1; particularly of Variant 1a (Fig. 68: 1),488 486 Grahek 2013, Figs. 110, 111. 487 An example of this is Complex 27 that comprises the finds from a multi-layered building excavated in Trench 17. 488 Figure 68 shows the best surviving example, though it was found in the layer of burnt material of the Wall I/II transition phase. The metal finds from the layers associated with 226 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT - t. i. vrečasti lonci; in sicer tako neokrašeni lonci tipa 1 (sl. 68: 2) kot tudi okrašeni lonci tipa 2 (sl. 68: 3), tipa 3 (sl. 68: 5), tipa 7a (sl. 68: 6) ter lonci tipa 4 (sl. 68: 4); - lonci tipa 9a (sl. 68: 8); - lonci tipa 30 (sl. 68: 7); - lonci s stožčastim vratom tipa 1 (sl. 68: 9); - lončki, predvsem okrašeni lončki tipa 2 (sl. 68: 10); - skodel(ic)e s presegajočim ročajem tipa 1 (sl. 68: 11); - latvice (sl. 68: 12-20), pri čemer so še posebej značilne: - latvice s fasetiranimi rameni tipa 19 (sl. 68: 12), - latvice tipa 11a (sl. 68: 17) ter - latvice tipa 13 in 14 (sl. 68: 19, 20). V plasteh mlajše stopnje zidu I se pojavijo še: - narebreni, rdeče-črno barvani pitosi tipa 2 (sl. 68: 21); - lonci tipa 27 (sl. 68: 22); - buče z vodoravno kaneliranimi rameni oziroma vratovi (sl. 68: 23); - rdeče-črno barvane situle oziroma ciboriji tipa 1-3 (sl. 68: 24, 25); - sklede tipa 9 (sl. 68: 26); - sklede s poševno kaneliranim ostenjem tipa 3 in 4 (t. 20: 9; 21: 6) ter - posode, okrašene z gubanjem (sl. 68: 27). Pri okrašeni keramiki stopnje zidu I močno prevladujejo različne oblike nalepljenega ali iz ostenja posod modeliranega okrasa. Gre za vodoravna, navadno razčlenjena rebra (sl. 68: 3, 5) in bradavice oziroma jezičaste držaje (sl. 68: 1, 4, 10, 14), pri latvicah pa za ušesca (sl. 68: 15, 16), vendar bi kot najznačilnejšo obliko okrasa pri keramiki stopnje zidu I omenila fasetiranje (sl. 68: 12). Značilni so še vrezan motiv jelkove vejice (sl. 68: 11) in vrezi v obliki črke X, med vtisnjenimi okrasi pa predvsem vodoravni niz odtisov prsta (sl. 68: 6) oziroma tudi niz odtisov šila na robu ustij loncev (sl. 68: 7). Z novimi oblikami in tipi keramike, ki se pojavijo v plasteh mlajše stopnje zidu I, se pojavijo tudi barvni okrasi (sl. 68: 24-26). Poleg rdeče-črnega barvanja se sedaj pojavita še vodoravno kaneliranje (sl. 68: 23) in gubanje (sl. 68: 27). Za datacijo postavitve zidu I je ključnega pomena najdba skodelice s presegajočim ročajem in vrezanim okrasom jelkove vejice (t. 35: 3). Ta je povsem enaka tisti iz stiškega žganega groba 48/101,489 primerjave pa ji najdemo tudi v radiokarbonsko datiranem grobu 144 z grobišča SAZU v Ljubljani,490 s čimer je datacija zidu 489 Gabrovec et al. 1969, sl. 2: 6 = isti 1970; Gabrovec et al. 2006, 77 s; t. 59: 4; Gabrovec 2008, 46. Prim. Teržan 2008, 278 s, sl. 42. 490 Puš 1971, t. 21: 15. Radiokarbonska datacija vzorca žgane kosti iz groba 144 znaša 798-745 cal BC (2a - 46,7 %) (Škvor Jernejčič 2014b, 225, pril. 2: sl. 12.8) oziroma je pred modeliranjem povsem enaka rezultatu datiranja kosti iz groba 101 (Škvor Jernejčič 2014a, 372 ss, sl. 22.1.12). - bag-shaped jars, both the plain ones of Type 1 (Fig. 68: 2) and the decorated ones of Types 2 (Fig. 68: 3) and 3 (Fig. 68: 5), of Variant 7a (Fig. 68: 6) and of Type 4 (Fig. 68: 4); - jars of Variant 9a (Fig. 68: 8); - jars of Type 30 (Fig. 68: 7); - jars with a conical neck of Type 1 (Fig. 68: 9); - beakers, particularly the decorated beakers of Type 2 (Fig. 68: 10); - bowls with a high handle of Type 1 (Fig. 68: 11); - dishes with an inturned rim (Fig. 68: 12-20), particularly: - dishes with an inturned rim and a facetted shoulder of Type 19 (Fig. 68: 12), - dishes with an inturned rim of Variant 11a (Fig. 68: 17) and - dishes with an inturned rim of Types 13 and 14 (Fig. 68: 19, 20). New types appeared in the late Wall I phase: - cordoned, black-on-red painted pithoi of Type 2 (Fig. 68: 21); - jars of Type 27 (Fig. 68: 22); - globular jars with horizontal shallow grooves on the shoulder or the neck (Fig. 68: 23); - black-on-red painted situlae or footed bowls of Types 1-3 (Fig. 68: 24, 25); - dishes of Type 9 (Fig. 68: 26); - dishes with oblique shallow grooves on the shoulder of Types 3 and 4 (Pls. 20: 9; 21: 6) and - indented vessels (Fig. 68: 27). The predominant decoration on the pottery of the Wall I phase is various applied or modelled types of cordons, usually with impressions (Fig. 68: 3, 5) and knobs or tongue-shaped lugs (Fig. 68: 1, 4, 10, 14), as well as perforated lugs on the dishes with an inturned rim (Fig. 68: 15, 16). The decoration that is most characteristic of the Wall I phase, however, is faceting (Fig. 68: 12). Other characteristic motifs are the pine sprig (Fig. 68: 11) and X-shaped incisions, as well as horizontal lines of finger impressions (Fig. 68: 6) and of tool impressions on the rims of jars (Fig. 68: 7). The layers of the late Wall I phase revealed new forms and types of pottery, but also black-on-red painting (Fig. 68: 24-26), horizontal shallow grooves (Fig. 68: 23) and indenting (Fig. 68: 27). The key find for the dating of the construction of Wall I is a dish with a high handle and an incised pine-sprig motif (Pl. 35: 3). It is identical to the vessel found in cremation Grave 48/101 from Stična,489 and closely comparable with the radiocarbon dated Grave 144 from Wall I after Gabrovec 1994: 2S = Pl. 16: 12; 29 = Pl. 12: 17; 3G = Pl. 16: 47; 31 = Pl. 12: 28. 489 Gabrovec et al. 1970, Fig. 2: 6; Gabrovec et al. 2006, 77 f; Pl. 59: 4; Gabrovec 2008, 46. Cf. Teržan 2008, 278 f, Fig. 42. 227 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT I v čas začetka železne dobe na Dolenjskem, torej v čas stopnje Podzemelj 1 po Gabrovcu,491 povsem jasna. Enako kronološko opredelitev narekujejo tudi latvice s fasetira-nimi rameni, ki jih v stiških grobovih ne zasledimo, saj se pogosteje kot v dolenjskih halštatskih grobovih pojavljajo v grobovih ljubljanske žarnogrobiščne skupine.492 Zgodnjo datacijo omogočajo še druge oblike posodja, ki izpričujejo izrazito žarnogrobiščno tradicijo. Med keramiko iz ljubljanskih grobov namreč najdemo dobre primerjave tako pri čiščenju profila najdenemu, vendar iz plasti k zidu I izhajajočemu, dobro ohranjenemu bikoničnemu loncu (t. 50: 4)493 kot tudi različnim oblikam vrečastih loncev (sl. 68: 2-6; t. 13:2 idr.),494 loncem z visokim stožčastim vratom (t. 5:1; 13: 5; 45: 3)495 ter pitosom tipa 1a. Slednji so bili zaradi velike fragmentarnosti opredeljeni predvsem kot velike posode z masivnimi jezičastimi držaji, ki so povsem primerljive edinemu bolje ohranjenemu primerku iz žganinske plasti med zidom I in II v sondi 6 (t. 53:1 = sl. 68: 1). Pri slednjem je Teržanova na podlagi objave v predhodnih poročilih496 prepoznala skitoidne elemente.497 Vendar pa ne gre spregledati dejstva, da gre v prvi objavi za nekoliko popačeno risbo ter da lahko obe varianti pitosov tipa 1 primerjamo s posameznimi žarami iz ljubljanskih grobov.498 Kronološko opredelitev mlajše faze zidu I na eni strani omogočajo nove oblike skled ter buče, na drugi strani pa je ključnega pomena pojav rdeče-črno barvane keramike. Tako se v najmlajših plasteh k zidu I pojavijo prvi primerki pitosov tipa 2 (t. 21: 1; 22:1; 63: 11; 77: 10) in ciborijev tipa 1-3 (t. 13: 6, 7; 22: 4, 5; 30: 9, 14; 77: 6), pri čemer ni izključeno, da so kot ciboriji označeni tudi fragmenti situl.499 Po Dularjevi tipološki shemi grobne keramike gre torej za pitose tipa 4500 in 491 Gabrovec 1973, 343 ss, tab. 2. Prim. Teržan, Črešnar 2014, 706 ss, sl. 37, 46. 492 Puš 1971, t. 43: 5; 47: 5; 52: 11; Dular 1979, t. 11: 12; Knez 1966, t. 6: 2. Glej tudi pri poglavju 3.5.1.4. 493 Gabrovec 1994, t. 9: 8; prim. Puš 1971, t. 8: 2. 494 Prim. Puš. 1971, t. 9: 7; 30: 7, 11; 31: 5; 33: 4; 35: 3, 7; 37: 1; 39: 9; 43: 1; isti 1982, t. 1: 1, 2, 4, 5; t. 2: 8; 4: 1; 9: 5; z odtisi prsta okrašenim vrečastim loncem tipa 7a pa najdemo boljše primerjave med naselbinsko keramiko iz Kranja: Rozman 2004, 67; t. 7: (8), 10, pri čemer Rozmanova okras opredeljuje kot vtiskovanje krožnih pečatov. Vendar gre pri tem le za eno od številnih terminoloških nedoslednosti, s katerimi se pogosto srečujemo pri obdelavi keramike. Sama sem tako dosledno razločevala med večjimi, najverjetneje s konico prsta izvedenimi odtisi in manjšimi okroglimi odtisi - vtisnjenimi krožci. 495 Prim. Puš 1971, t. 4: 3; 28: 1, 3; isti 1982, 7. 6: 2; 20: 1; 24: 1; 25: 1 ipd. 496 Gabrovec et al. 1969, sl. 4: 5 = isti 1970. 497 Teržan 1998, 527: op. 114. 498 Prim. Puš 1971, t. 2: 2; 24: 9; 26: 8. 499 Kot ciboriji so označeni tudi fragmenti, ki lahko pripadajo situlam. 500 Dular 1982, 21 s, t. 3: 10, 11. Glej tudi Tecco Hvala 2012, 63, sl. 22: e. the Dvorišče SAZU cemetery in Ljubljana,490 which place the construction of Wall I to the very beginning of the Iron Age in Dolenjska, i.e. Phase Podzemelj 1 after Gabrovec.491 This dating is corroborated by the dishes with an inturned rim and a facetted shoulder, which have not appeared in the graves at Stična, but are quite common in the graves of the Ljubljana Urnfield culture group.492 The early date is further confirmed by other pottery types of a marked Urnfield culture tradition. Several graves from Ljubljana yielded close comparisons for the biconical jar found during the cleaning of a cross section but certainly belonging to the layer associated with Wall I in Trench 12 (Pl. 50: 4),493 but also for the various types of bag-shaped jars (Fig. 68: 2-6; Pl. 13: 2 and others),494 the jars with a high conical neck (Pls. 5:1; 13: 5; 45: 3)495 and the pithoi of Variant 1a. Such pithoi from the graves of the Ljubljana group were unearthed in fragments only and therefore broadly described as large vessels with large tongue-shaped lugs, but are closely comparable with the only example that is well-preserved, found in the layer of burnt material between Walls I and II in Trench 6 (Pl. 53:1 = Fig. 68: 1). Based on the preliminary publication of this pithos,496 Teržan described it as showing Scythoid elements.497 We should, however, bear in mind that the drawing in the said report is not very precise and that both variants of the Type 1 pithoi are comparable with some of the ordinary urns from the graves in Ljubljana.498 The late Wall I phase is dated on the basis of globular jars and new types of dishes, but very importantly also on the basis of black-on-red painting. The first examples of the black-on-red painted pithoi of Type 2 (Pls. 21:1; 22: 490 Puš 1971, Pl. 21: 15. The sample of the cremated bone from Grave 144 is radiocarbon dated to 798-745 cal BC (2a - 46.7%) (Škvor Jernejčič 2014b, 225, App. 2: Fig. 12.8), i.e. the same as for the bone sample from Grave 101 prior to modelling (Škvor Jernejčič 2014a, 372 ff, fig. 22.1.12). 491 Gabrovec 1973, 343 ff, Table 2. Cf. Teržan, Črešnar 2014, 706 ff, Figs. 37, 46. 492 Puš 1971, Pls. 43: 5; 47: 5; 52: 11; Dular 1979, Pl. 11: 12; Knez 1966, Pl. 6: 2. Also see Chapter 3.5.1.4. 493 Gabrovec 1994, Pl. 9: 8; cf. Puš 1971, Pl. 8: 2. 494 Cf. Puš. 1971, Pls. 9: 7; 30: 7, 11; 31: 5; 33: 4; 35: 3, 7; 37: 1; 39: 9; 43: 1; idem 1982, Pl. 1: 1, 2, 4, 5; Pls. 2: 8; 4: 1; 9: 5; the closest parallels for the bag-shaped jars of Variant 7a with finger impressions can be found among the settlement pottery from Kranj: Rozman 2004, 67; Pl. 7: (8), 10. Rozman describes the decoration as circular stamps, but this, in my opinion, is an example of the terminological difficulties that we face during pottery analyses and sometimes leads to differing descriptions of the same thing. In this publication, I strictly distinguish between large impressions probably made with finger tips and small round impressions. 495 Cf. Puš 1971, Pls. 4: 3; 28: 1, 3; idem 1982, 7. 6: 2; 20: 1; 24: 1; 25: 1 etc. 496 Gabrovec et al. 1970, Fig. 4: 5. 497 Teržan 1998, 527: Fn. 114. 498 Cf. Puš 1971, Pls. 2: 2; 24: 9; 26: 8. 228 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT zid I - mlajše plasti / Wall I - late phase med zidom I in II / between Wall I and II Sl. 68: Značilne oblike posodja stopnje zidu I (1-27) in prehodne stopnje I/II (32-48). Kovinske najdbe po Gabrovec 1994. Fig. 68: Characteristic pottery of the Wall I (1-27) and the Wall I/II transition phases (32-48). The metal finds after Gabrovec 1994. 229 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT ciborije tipa 7 ali 9501 oziroma situle z nogo tipa 1,502 ki se pojavijo v grobovih stopnje Stična 2. Podobno se narebreni pitosi in rdeče-črno barvane situle z nogo v svetolucijski skupini uvrščajo med najznačilnejše oblike grobne keramike stopnje IIa1.503 Datacijo najmlajših plasti k zidu I potrjujejo razmeroma pogoste najdbe buč z vodoravno kaneliranimi rameni (t. 22: 6) in/ali vratom (sl. 68: 23). Kot je bilo predvsem na podlagi stiškega groba 48/156,504 ki vsebuje tudi trortasto fibulo III. vrste po Ogrinovi,505 ugotovljeno že pri obravnavi grobne keramike Dolenjske, se tudi te pojavijo v času stopnje Stična 2.506 Enako velja za gubanje,507 s katerim je okrašena skleda iz hiše 1 v sondi 18 (t. 77:4 = sl. 68: 27), medtem ko so sklede s poševno kaneliranim ostenjem (t. 20: 9; 21: 6) lahko tudi starejše.508 Iz najmlajše plasti k zidu I v sondi 16A in ne iz plasti med zidom I in II, kot jo je predstavil Gabrovec,509 izhaja tudi skleda tipa 5 z vtisnjenim okrasom: žigosanimi krožci s sredinskim križem ter najverjetneje s pomočjo koleščka narejenim motivom dvojne girlande (t. 14: 2). Tudi ta skleda, ki ima glede na okras dobre primerjave med keramiko III. horizonta Poštele in je morda import iz štajerske skupine, podpira datacijo mlajše faze zidu I v čas stopnje Stična 2. Žarnogrobiščna tradicija je glavna značilnost keramike stopnje zidu I, kar še posebej velja za keramiko iz plasti starejše faze zidu. Ta je bil zgrajen na začetku halštatske dobe na Dolenjskem oziroma v času stopnje Podzemelj 1 po Gabrovcu in je trajal nekje do konca stopnje Stična. Predvsem v sondah na južnem delu naselja lahko sledimo mlajši fazi zidu I, ki je vezana na popravilo najstarejšega obzidja, zanjo pa je značilen pojav novih keramičnih tipov, kot so rdeče-črno barvano posodje, buče ter sklede z nagubanim ali poševno kaneliranim ostenjem. Časovno umeščamo mlajšo stopnjo zidu I v čas stopnje Stična 2. Datacijo, podano s pomočjo keramike, potrjujejo tudi kovinske najdbe. Med najdbami iz plasti starejše faze je treba posebej omeniti iglo z uvito glavico, ki izhaja iz kompleksa 16A/20 (sl. 68: 28), in križno sekiro iz kompleksa 2/64 (sl. 68: 29). Datacijo mlajše faze pa podpirata fragmentirana noga velike čolničaste fibule iz kompleksa 19/41 oziroma hiše 2 v sondi 19 (sl. 501 Dular 1982, 48 ss, t. 14: 135 in t. 16: 142-144. 502 Dular 1982, 55 s, t. 19: 160, 163, 164, 166, 167. 503 Teržan, Trampuž 1973, 428 ss, t. 10: 4, 12; t. 13: 1; Teržan et al. 1984, 18: A, 3; 49: G, 5; 57: C, 12; 62: A, 12; 64: G, 6; 69: A, 11; 70: B, 5 in D, 4; 77: D, 3; 86: A, 9; 91: A, 11; 92: A, 12 itd.; glej tudi Dular 1982, 92 ss, sl. 6: 2; 7: 14; Tecco Hvala 2014a, 329 ss, sl. 4: 1, 5, 6. 504 Gabrovec 1974b, 176, Abb. 7: 1-15; Gabrovec et al. 2006, t. 89: 15. 505 Ogrin 1998, 119 ss. 506 Dular 1982, 40; t. 10: 90, 91. 507 Glej pri poglavju 3.5.4. 508 Dular 1982, 63 ss, 83 s, t. 22: 194, 198; Teržan 1974, 38. 509 Gabrovec 1994, 152; t. 9: 14. 1; 63:11; 77:10) and footed bowls of Types 1-3 (Pls. 13: 6, 7; 22:4, 5; 30: 9,14; 77: 6) were found in the last layers associated with Wall I. We should emphasize here that some of the fragments determined as footed bowls may actually be the remains of situlae.499 According to Dular's typological framework of the pottery from graves, these are the pithoi of Type 4500 and the footed bowls of Types 7 or 9501/footed situlae of Type 1,502 which are known from the graves of the Stična 2 phase. In the Sveta Lucija group, the cordoned pithoi and the black-on-red painted footed situlae represent the most characteristic forms of pottery grave goods in the IIa1 phase.503 This dating of the last layers associated with Wall I is confirmed by the relatively numerous globular jars with horizontal shallow grooves on the shoulder (Pl. 22: 6) and/or the neck (Fig. 68: 23). These also appear in the Stična 2 phase,504 as established already in the study of the pottery from the graves in Dolenjska, primarily on the basis of Grave 48/156 from Stična505 that contained a fibula with three knobs on the bow of Type III after Ogrin.506 The same is true of indenting,507 which decorates the dish from House 1 in Trench 18 (Pl. 77: 4 = Fig. 68: 27), while the dishes with oblique shallow grooves on the shoulder (Pls. 20: 9; 21: 6) may also be earlier.508 The last layer associated with Wall I in Trench 16A, and not the layer between Walls I and II as written by Gabrovec,509 also yielded a dish of Type 5 decorated with stamped encircled crosses combined with oval impressions, probably made with a roulette to form double garlands (Pl. 14: 2). In shape and decoration, this dish has close parallels among the pottery from the Poštela III horizon and may be an import from the Štajerska group; it also supports the date of the late Wall I phase to the Stična 2 phase. The main characteristic of the pottery from the Wall I phase and particularly its early part is the Urnfield culture tradition. This pottery revealed that Wall I was constructed at the beginning of the Hallstatt period in 499 Some of the fragments determined here as footed bowls could really be fragments of footed situlae. See Chapter 3.4.1.5, footed bowls of Type 1: notes. 500 Dular 1982, 173 f, Pl. 3: 10, 11. Also see Tecco Hvala 2012, 63, Fig. 22: e. 501 Dular 1982, 184 ff, Pl. 14: 135 and Pl. 16: 142-144. 502 Dular 1982, 188 f, Pl. 19: 160, 163, 164, 166, 167. 503 Teržan, Trampuž 1973, 428 ff, Pl. 10: 4, 12; t. 13: 1; Teržan et al. 1984, 18: A, 3; 49: G, 5; 57: C, 12; 62: A, 12; 64: G, 6; 69: A, 11; 70: B, 5 and D, 4; 77: D, 3; 86: A, 9; 91: A, 11; 92: A, 12 etc.; also see Dular 1982, 92 ff, Figs. 6: 2; 7: 14; Tecco Hvala 2014a, 329 ff, Fig. 4: 1, 5, 6. 504 Dular 1982, (40), 181; Pl. 10: 90, 91. 505 Gabrovec 1974b, 176, Abb. 7: 1-15; Gabrovec et al. 2006, Pl. 89: 15. 506 Ogrin 1998, 119 ff (131 f). 507 See Chapter 3.5.4. 508 Dular 1982, (63 ff, 83 f), 192, Pl. 22: 194, 198; Teržan 1974, 46 f. 509 Gabrovec 1994, 153 ff; Pl. 9: 14. 230 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT 68: 30) ter fragmentiran pločevinast obesek iz sonde 5 (sl. 68: 31), najden v ruševinah zidu I.510 PREHODNA STOPNJA I/II Prehodno stopnjo označujejo intenzivne žganinske plasti med zidom I in II iz sond 17, 16A, 14, 4, 13, 12, 6 in 1. Gre za ostaline lesenih objektov, odkritih predvsem v sondah, izkopanih na južnem delu obzidja, ki pričajo o tem, da je bil vsaj ta del naselja nekaj časa brez obzidja. Najpomembnejši kompleksi, ki izvirajo iz plasti prehodne stopnje, so: 17/23 (t. 5:11-14), 16A/17 (t. 15), 14/16 (t. 21:15,16), 4/12 (t. 37:4-11), 13/50 (t. 40), 6/33 (t. 53; 54:1-11), 6/51 (t. 54:12-16) in 6/39 (t. 55:1-10). Kot najznačilnejše oblike keramike lahko izpostavim: - pitose tipa 2 in pitose tipa 1, pri čemer se sedaj pogosteje pojavljajo pitosi tipa 1b (sl. 68: 32); - t. i. vrečaste lonce; še posebej z bradavicami okrašene lonce tipa 5 (sl. 68: 33) ter lonce tipa 8a (sl. 68: 34); - lonce tipa 13 (sl. 68: 35); - lonce tipa 24 (sl. 68: 36); - lonce tipa 25 (sl. 68: 37); - lonce tipa 26 (sl. 68: 38); - lonce tipa 33 (sl. 68: 41); - rdeče-črno barvane ciborije tipa 1-3 (sl. 68: 42); - lonce s stožčastim vratom tipa 2 (sl. 68: 43); - poševno kanelirane sklede tipa 3 (sl. 68: 45) in - latvice z žlebljenim okrasom tipa 21b (sl. 68: 46). Čeprav gre pri keramiki prehodne stopnje I/II za nadaljevanje keramičnih tipov iz mlajše faze stopnje zidu I, pa je predvsem pri okrašeni keramiki mogoče zaznati posamezne spremembe. Za prehodno stopnjo so namreč značilni predvsem različni žlebljeni okrasi (sl. 68: 39, 40, 43, 44, 46-48), in sicer gre na eni strani za sestavljene okrase (sl. 58: O 15a), kot jih zasledimo pri keramiki 2. in 3. horizonta Poštele,511 na drugi strani pa se pojavi sestavljeni okras navpičnih žlebov in reber (sl. 57: O 2a). Iz odtisov in žlebov sestavljen okras je značilen tudi za lonce tipa 29, to je za obliko trebušastih loncev, ki se pojavijo prav v žganinskih plasteh prehodne stopnje, kar kažeta predvsem bolje ohranjena primerka iz kompleksa 16A/17 (sl. 68: 39, 40 = t. 15: 1, 2). Za kronološko opredelitev prehodne stopnje je ključnega pomena prav pojav loncev tipa 29, za katere pa se zdi, da so izdelek lokalnega lončarstva, saj z drugih najdišč (vsaj za zdaj) ne poznamo podobnih najdb. Glede na obliko značilnega okrasa lahko lonce tipa 29 primerjamo s skledo na nogi iz groba 7 v gomili Voselca 2 pri Magdalenski gori,512 ki vsebuje tudi kačasto fibulo 510 Gabrovec 1994, 168. 511 Teržan 1990, 32 s, t. 1: 5; 11: 5; 14: 19; 23: 17; 39: 1, 14; 40: 1-3, 5, 11; 42: 3, 10. 512 Tecco Hvala et al. 2004, t. 132: C, 5. Dolenjska, i.e. in the Podzemelj 1 phase after Gabrovec, and remained in use roughly to the end of the Stična phase. The late phase can most clearly be observed in the trenches examining the southern part of the hillfort, which revealed that it is connected with the repairs of the earliest wall and is marked by the appearance of new pottery types such as black-on-red painted ware, globular jars and indented dishes or dishes with oblique shallow grooves on the shoulder. Chronologically, the late phase is correlated with the Stična 2 phase. This dating of Wall I is corroborated by the metal finds. Those from the layers of the early phase include a roll-headed pin from Complex 16A/20 (Fig. 68: 28) and a lugged axe from Complex 2/64 (Fig. 68: 29). The dating of the late phase is corroborated by the fragmented foot of a large boat fibula from Complex 19/41 or House 2 in Trench 19 (Fig. 68: 30) and a fragmented sheet metal pendant from Trench 5 (Fig. 68: 31), found among the debris of Wall I.510 PHASE OF WALL I/II TRANSITION The transition phase is represented by thick layers of burnt material between Walls I and II in Trenches 17, 16A, 14, 4, 13, 12, 6 and 1. These layers are the remains of wooden buildings that were, for the most part, excavated in the southern part of the rampart and show that this part of the hillfort at least was, for a certain period of time, not fortified. The most significant complexes from these layers are: 17/23 (Pl. 5:11-14), 16A/17 (Pl. 15), 14/16 (Pl. 21:15, 16), 4/12 (Pl. 37: 4-11), 13/50 (Pl. 40), 6/33 (Pls. 53; 54:1-11), 6/51 (Pl. 54:12-16) and 6/39 (Pl. 55:1-10). The characteristic pottery of the transition phase is: - pithoi of Types 2 and 1, with the most common being those of Variant 1b (Fig. 68: 32); - bag-shaped jars, particularly those with knobs, of Type 5 (Fig. 68: 33) and of Variant 8a (Fig. 68: 34); - jars of Type 13 (Fig. 68: 35); - jars of Type 24 (Fig. 68: 36); - jars of Type 25 (Fig. 68: 37); - jars of Type 26 (Fig. 68: 38); - jars of Type 33 (Fig. 68: 41); - black-on-red painted footed bowls of Types 1-3 (Fig. 68: 42); - jars with a conical neck of Type 2 (Fig. 68: 43); - dishes with oblique shallow grooves of Type 3 (Fig. 68: 45) and - dishes with an inturned rim and grooved decoration of Variant 21b (Fig. 68: 46). The pottery types of the Wall I/II transition phase continue from the Wall I phase, with certain changes. The pottery is mainly decorated with variously executed grooves (Fig. 68: 39, 40, 43, 44, 46-48) as part of compos- 510 Gabrovec 1994, 169. 231 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT vrste VIIc po Tecco Hvalovi513 in je datiran v fazo IVa Magdalenske gore ali čas stopnje certoške fibule 1.514 Predvsem po obliki spominjajo lonci tipa 29 tudi na tulipanaste lonce običajno s kratkim, nekoliko izviha-nim ustjem in vodoravno nažlebljenimi ali s kanelira-njem in/ali modeliranjem reber profiliranimi rameni iz estenskega kulturnega kroga. Gre za obliko loncev, ki je razmeroma pogosto zastopana med naselbinsko keramiko vse od konca 7. stoletja pred Kr.515 Podobne primerke zasledimo tudi v grobovih, ki so datirani vse od stopnje Este III B po Peroniju (= stopnja Stična), pri čemer so še najbolj razširjeni v času stopnje Este III C in III D,516 to je v času stopenj kačastih in certoških fibul na Dolenjskem. Kljub temu ostajajo lonci tipa 29 brez pravih primerjav, zato se moramo pri kronološki opredelitvi prehodne stopnje opreti na druge tipe keramike, ki pa se opazneje ne razlikujejo od keramike mlajše faze zidu I. Tako lahko lonce s stožčastim vratom tipa 2 (t. 40: 5; 55: 3), ki jim najverjetneje pripadajo tudi posamezni okrašeni fragmenti (npr.: t. 40: 6), primerjamo z lonci s stožčastim vratom tipa 4 po Dularju517 ter lonci z nogo tipa 2 po Dularju.518 Primerjave jim najdemo tudi v grobovih iz časa stopnje Stična-Novo mesto519 in v grobovih stopnje kačastih fibul.520 Podobno velja za sklede oziroma skodelo s poševno kaneliranim ostenjem (t. 6: 3; 47: 15),521 medtem ko številčnejši primerki rdeče-čr-no barvanega posodja, to je pitosov tipa 2 (t. 15: 3, 15, 16) in ciborijev tipa 1-3 (t. 14:10; 21:15; 22: 4, 5), bolj težijo k dataciji v čas kačastih fibul.522 V prid dataciji v čas kačastih fibul pričajo tudi fragmenti, okrašeni s posamičnimi modeliranimi bradavicami (t. 52: 17), ki jih lahko po načinu izdelave okrasa povezujemo z gu-banjem kot načinom krašenja keramike. Zasledimo ga predvsem na posodju kačastega in certoškega horizonta. Keramika iz žganinskih plasti med zidom I in II torej kaže, da so te nastale na samem začetku mlado-halštatskega obdobja oziroma v času prehoda stopnje Stična v stopnjo kačastih fibul. 513 Tecco Hvala et al. 2004, t. 132: C, 1; Tecco Hvala 2014b, 138 ss. 514 Tecco Hvala 2012, 352 ss, sl. 129. 515 Donati, Parrini 1999, 594 ss, sl. 14: 1. 516 Chieco Bianchi, Calzavara Capuis 1985, t. 117: B/5, 126: 1, 236: 1; 246: 2b, 278: A/1; Capuis, Chiecho Bianchi 2006, t. 12: B/1, 56: B/1-3, 135: 21-23; Peroni et al. 1975, 127 ss, sl. 116. 517 Dular 1982, 25, t. 5: 26-30. 518 Dular 1982, 42, t. 11: 105-107. 519 Prim. Gabrovec et al. 2006, t. 28: 41/5; Teržan 1974, t. 7: 8. 520 Prim. Teržan 1974, t. 16: 1. 521 Prim. Hencken 1978, sl. 57: e; Dular 2003: t. 51: 11; 54: 7; 64: 3. 522 Dular 1982, 90 s. Prim. op. 501. ite designs (Fig. 58: O 15a), such as are known from the pottery of the Poštela II and III horizons,511 but also in the combination of vertical grooves and ribs (Fig. 57: O 2a). Decoration consisting of impressions and grooves is characteristic of the jars of Type 29, a form of belly-shaped jars that appears in the layers of burnt material of the transition phase, as clearly illustrated by the best surviving jars from Complex 16A/17 (Fig. 68: 39, 40 = Pl. 15:1, 2). Of importance for the dating of the transition phase is the decoration on the jars of Type 29. It is comparable with that on the footed dish from Grave 7 in the Voselca 2 tumulus at Magdalenska gora,512 which also contained a serpentine fibula of Type VIIc after Tecco Hvala513 and is dated to Phase IVa of Magdalenska gora, i.e. the Certosa Fibulae 1 phase.514 As for their form, they have no known parallels from other sites and are therefore considered as local product. They are, however, slightly reminiscent of the tulip-shaped jars that usually have a short and slightly everted rim, as well as horizontal grooves or shallow grooves, and/or cordons on the shoulder, known from the Este cultural circle, where it is a relatively frequent form of jars in settlements that is present at least to the late 7th century BC.515 Similar examples were also found in the graves dated from Este III B after Peroni (= stopnja Stična) onwards, being most widespread in Este III C and III D,516 i.e. in the Serpentine and Certosa fibulae phase in Dolenjska. For a reliable chronological attribution of the transition phase, however, we need to turn to other pottery types. These are not markedly different from the pottery of the late Wall I phase. The jars with a conical neck of Type 2 (Pls. 40:5; 55:3), to which some of the undeterminable decorated fragments most probably also belong (e.g.: Pl. 40: 6), are comparable with the jars with a conical neck of Type 4 after Dular517 and the footed jars of Type 2 after Dular.518 Parallels are also known from the graves of the Stična-Novo mesto519 and the Serpentine Fibulae phas-es.520 A similar observation can be made for the dishes and a bowl with oblique shallow grooves on the shoulder (Pls. 6: 3; 47: 15),521 while the frequent black-on-red painted 511 Teržan 1990, 33 f, Pls. 1: 5; 11: 5; 14: 19; 23: 17; 39: 1, 14; 40: 1-3, 5, 11; 42: 3, 10. 512 Tecco Hvala et al. 2004, Pl. 132: C, 5. 513 Tecco Hvala et al. 2004, Pl. 132: C, 1; Tecco Hvala 2014b, (138 ff), 171 f. 514 Tecco Hvala 2012, 352 ff, Fig. 129. 515 Donati, Parrini 1999, 594 ff, Fig. 14: 1. 516 Chieco Bianchi, Calzavara Capuis 1985, Pls. 117: B/5, 126: 1, 236: 1; 246: 2b, 278: A/1; Capuis, Chiecho Bianchi 2006, Pls. 12: B/1, 56: B/1-3, 135: 21-23; Peroni et al. 1975, 127 ff, Fig. 116. 517 Dular 1982, (25), 175, Pl. 5: 26-30. 518 Dular 1982, (42), 182, Pl. 11: 105-107. 519 Cf. Gabrovec et al. 2006, Pl. 28: 41/5; Teržan 1974, Pl. 7: 8. 520 Cf. Teržan 1974, Pl. 16: 1. 521 Cf. Hencken 1978, Fig. 57: e; Dular 2003: Pls. 51: 11; 232 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT STOPNJA ZIDU II Medtem ko je bil zid II v sondah 17 in 16A zgrajen neposredno nad žganinskimi plastmi prehodne stopnje, je bilo v drugih sondah z južnega dela naselja ugotovljeno, da so ga postavili na plast izravnalne ilovice, ki je prekrivala plasti k zidu I oziroma plasti prehodne stopnje. Nad plastjo izravnalne ilovice so bili v sondi 3 odkriti ostanki hiše, ki je segala še v sondo 7 (v nadaljevanju: hiša 3-7). Iz nje izvirajo kompleksi 7/82 in 7/83 (t. 27; 28) ter 3/47 in 3/49 (t. 31: 3, 4; 32; 33:1-6). V sondi 3 je bilo namreč mogoče ločiti tri plasti. Izravnalno ilovico (plast IIa), ki je starejša od izgradnje zidu II, in ostaline hiše nad njo (plast IIb) sem že omenila. Ugotovljena je bila še tretja plast (plast IIc), ki je najmlajši sloj za zidom II. Kljub jasnemu stratigrafskemu zapisu in tudi v sondi 3 keramičnih najdb ni mogoče kronološko podrobneje členiti, saj izvirajo večinoma iz ostalin hiše. Jasna stratigrafija za zidom II v sondi 3 je pomembna predvsem zato, ker najdbe iz hiše 3-7 omogočajo povezavo hiše 3 iz sonde 19, odkrite v notranjosti naselja (t. 82: 6-13; 83, 84), z zunanjim zidom II. Teržanova je v prvi objavi rezultatov izkopavanj v sondah na prečnem obzidju hišo 3 iz sonde 19 umestila v čas zidu II,523 pri čemer je sledila Gabrovčevi kronološki shemi poselitve Stične,524 kasneje pa jo je povezovala z žganinskimi plastmi prehodne stopnje I/ II.525 Na dnu vkopane hišne jame je bil namreč odkrit debel sloj žganine. Pravzaprav gre za več plasti žganine, med seboj ločene z zaplatami ilovice.526 Podobno je bilo pri hiši 3-7,527 pri čemer je že iz jugovzhodnega profila v sondi 7 (pril. 6) dobro razvidno, da gre za hišo, mlajšo od žganinskih plasti prehodne stopnje (sl. 69). V sondi 7 je z žganinskimi plastmi prehodne stopnje namreč povezana zaplata žganine, iz katere izvira kompleks 81 (t. 29:12-22). Pri sondi 3 pa lahko s prehodno stopnjo povežemo žganino v plasti Ib, pri čemer iz nje izvira le malo najdb, ki niso bile izrisane. Stratigrafska pozicija hiše 3-7 je torej povsem jasna, vendar pa to še ne pomeni, da žganina iz hiše 3 v sondi 19 ne ustreza žganinskim plastem prehodne stopnje I/II. Razjasnitev mesta hiše 3 iz sonde 19 glede na utrdbene stopnje Stične omogoča šele keramika. Če si sedaj ogledamo na eni strani najdbe iz hiše 3 v sondi 19 (t. 82: 6-13; 83, 84) in na drugi keramiko iz objektov prehodne stopnje (t. 15) ter hiše 3-7 (t. 27; 28; 31: 3, 4; 32; 33: 1-6), vidimo, da je inventar hiše 3 v sondi 19 primerljiv z najdbami iz hiše 3-7, medtem ko so večje razlike v primerjavi s keramiko iz objektov prehodne stopnje. Na podlagi primerjav keramike lahko v čas zidu II postavimo tudi hišo 2 iz sonde 18 (t. 78), pri 523 Teržan 1994, 126 ss; t. 4; 5: 1-11. 524 Gabrovec 1994, 148 ss. 525 Teržan 1998, 527 s, op. 116. 526 Teržan 1994, 126, pril. 29. 527 Svoljšak 1994, 98, pril. 15. ware, i.e. the pithoi of Type 2 (Pls. 15: 3, 15, 16) and the footed bowls of Types 1-3 (Pls. 14: 10; 21: 15; 22: 4, 5), more likely date to the Serpentine Fibulae phase.522 Speaking in favour of this is also fragments bearing individual modelled knobs (Pl. 52:17) that are, in their production manner, related to indenting as a decorative technique. They are predominantly to be found on the pottery of the Serpentine and Certosa Fibulae phases. To sum up, the ceramic finds from the layers of burnt material between Walls I and II show that these layers were formed at the beginning of the Late Hallstatt period, i.e. in the transition from the Stična to the Serpentine Fibulae phase. PHASE OF WALL II Wall II in Trenches 17 and 16A was constructed directly onto the layers of burnt material of the previous phase, while other trenches in the southern part of the rampart revealed it to have been built onto a layer of levelling loam that covered the layers associated with Wall I or of the Wall I/II transition phase. In Trench 3, remains of a house were unearthed above the levelling loam and reached into Trench 7 (House 3-7). These remains yielded Complexes 7/82 and 7/83 (Pls. 27; 28), as well as 3/47 and 3/49 (Pls. 31: 3, 4; 32; 33:1-6). Trench 3 revealed three cultural layers: the levelling loam (Layer IIa), which predated the construction of Wall II, the remains of the house on top of the loam (Layer IIb) and the last layer (Layer IIc) associated with Wall II. In spite of the clear stratigraphy, however, the ceramic finds from Trench 3 could not be chronologically subdivided as most originate from the ruins of the house. The clear stratigraphy associated with Wall II in Trench 3 is thus all the more important, with the small finds from House 3-7 allowing us to connect House 3 in Trench 19 (Pls. 82: 6-13; 83, 84) from the hillfort interior to Wall II. In the excavation report of the trenches at the cross-wall, Teržan dated House 3 in Trench 19 to the Wall II phase,523 following Gabrovec's chronology of the Stična hillfort phases.524 Later, she connected it with the layers of burnt material of the Wall I/II transition phase.525 The house in question revealed a thick layer of burnt material at the bottom of the house's sunken floor; more precisely, it was several layers of burnt material separated from one another by patches of loam.526 A similar situation was in House 3-7,527 though the south-east cross section in 54: 7; 64: 3. 522 Dular 1982, (90 f), 227 f. Cf. Fn. 501. 523 Teržan 1994, 125 ff; Pls. 4; 5: 1-11. 524 Gabrovec 1994, 149 ff. 525 Teržan 1998, 527 f, Fn. 116. 526 Teržan 1994, 125 ff, App. 29. 527 Svoljšak 1994, 99, App. 15. 233 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT jugozahodni d sonda/Trench 7 el/SW section sonda/Trench 3 prečno obzic sonda/Trench 19 e/Crosswall sonda/Trench 18 stopnja zidu 1 / Phase of Walll prehodna stopnja l/ll/ Phase of Wall l/ll transition plast 1 / Layer 1 kompleks/Complex 7/81 plast la / Layer la hiša 1 / House 1 hisa 1 / House 1 hiša 2/House 2 v plast Ib/Layer Ib stopnja zidu II / Phase of Wall II plast II/_ hiša / Hause Layer II plast IIa/Layer IIa = plast IIb/Layer IIb plast lic/Layer lic hiša 3/House 3 hisa 2/House 2 Sl. 69: Primerjalna tabela plasti stopnje zidu I in II iz sond 3, 7, 18 in 19. Fig. 69: Comparative table of the layers attributed to the phases of Wall I, Wall II and the Wall I/II transition phase in Trenches 3, 7, 18 and 19. čemer stratigrafski podatki podpirajo takšno umestitev (sl. 69).528 Za kronološko opredelitev stopnje zidu II z vidika keramike so torej najpomembnejše najdbe iz hiše 3-7 (t. 27; 28; 31: 3, 4; 32; 33: 1-6), iz hiše 2 v sondi 18 (t. 78) in iz hiše 3 v sondi 19 (t. 82: 6-13; 83, 84). Najznačilnejše oblike keramike stopnje zidu II so: - narebreni, rdeče-črno barvani pitosi tipa 2 (sl. 70: 1); - rdeče-črno barvani ciboriji tipa 1-3 (sl. 70: 2-10); - s podkvastimi nalepkami okrašeni vrečasti lonci tipa 6 (sl. 70: 11); - lonci tipa 16 (sl. 70: 12); - lonci tipa 22b (sl. 70: 13); - na počasnem lončarskem vretenu oblikovani lonci tipa 25 (sl. 70: 14, 15); - lonci tipa 10a (sl. 70: 16); - lonci tipa 33 (sl. 70: 17); - manjši ciboriji/sklede tipa 4a (sl. 70: 18);529 - sklede tipa 4 (sl. 70: 19); - sklede tipa 8 (sl. 70: 20); - sklede tipa 6 (sl. 70: 21); - sklede tipa 5 (sl. 70: 22); - zelo plitve latvice s polkrožno zaobljenimi rameni tipa 11b (sl. 70: 23); - latvice z navzven zapognjenim ali stanjšanim robom ustja tipa 15 (sl. 70: 24, 25); - latvice z vodoravno nažlebljenimi ali kaneliranimi rameni tipa 20 (sl. 70: 26, 27); - ročke tipa 1 in tipa 2 (sl. 70: 30); - ročaji skodel tipa 2b (sl. 70: 28, 29) in - ognjiščne koze z zoomorfno oblikovanimi zaključki tipa 3 (sl. 70: 31). 528 Prim. Teržan 1994, 130. 529 Ker noben izmed primerkov, ki zagotovo izvirajo iz plasti k zidu II, ni bil izrisan, je na sliki 70 predstavljen njim najbolj podoben primerek, vendar ta izvira iz latenske plasti oziroma kompleksa 2/17 (t. 11: 6). Trench 7 (App. 6) clearly shows that the house was later than the layers of burnt material of the previous phase (Fig. 69); the layers of burnt material from the previous phase in Trench 7 are connected with a patch of burnt material that yielded Complex 81 (Pl. 29: 12-22). For Trench 3, we may tie the burnt remains in Layer Ib with the previous phase, from which originates only a handful of finds that were not drawn. The stratigraphic position of House 3-7 is therefore completely clear, though this does not signify that the burnt material from House 3 in Trench 19 could not correspond with the layers of burnt material of the previous transition phase. The proper attribution of the house to one of the fortification phases at Stična is only provided by ceramic finds. The small finds from House 3 in Trench 19 (Pls. 82: 6-13; 83, 84) are comparable with those from House 3-7 (Pls. 27; 28; 31: 3, 4; 32; 33:1-6), but considerably different from those from the houses of the previous phase (Pl. 15). The comparison of pottery finds also allows us to attribute those from House 2 in Trench 18 (Pl. 78) to the Wall II phase, which is corroborated by stratigraphic data (Fig. 69).528 The ceramic finds that are of greatest importance for the chronological attribution of the Wall II phase are those from House 3-7 (Pls. 27; 28; 31: 3, 4; 32; 33:1-6), House 2 in Trench 18 (Pl. 78) and House 3 in Trench 19 (Pls. 82: 6-13; 83, 84). The characteristic pottery of the Wall II phase is: - cordoned and black-on-red painted pithoi of Type 2 (Fig. 70: 1); - black-on-red painted footed bowls of Types 1-3 (Fig. 70: 2-10); - bag-shaped jars of Type 6 with horseshoe-shaped decoration (Fig. 70: 11); - jars of Type 16 (Fig. 70: 12); - jars of Variant 22b (Fig. 70: 13); 528 Cf. Teržan 1994, 129. 234 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Sl. 70: Značilne oblike keramike za stopnjo zidu II (1-31) in stopnjo zidu III (40-62). Kovinske najdbe po Gabrovec 1994. Fig. 70: Pottery characteristic of the Wall II (1-31) and the Wall III phases (40-62). The metal finds after Gabrovec 1994. 235 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Daleč najznačilnejši okras za keramiko stopnje zidu II je rdeče-črno barvanje (sl. 70: 1-10; 59). Pravzaprav se pri keramiki te stopnje pojavljajo le redko druge oblike okrasa, kot so podkvaste nalepke (sl. 70: 11) in modeliranje zoomorfnih oblik (sl. 70: 28-31)530. Pomembno je še gubanje (sl. 70: 18) ter vodoravno ali poševno žlebljenje oziroma kaneliranje v pasovih (sl. 70: 17, 19, 26, 27). Za kronološko opredelitev stopnje zidu II je najpomembnejša rdeče-črno barvana keramika. Zaradi dejstva, da se t. i. svetolucijski pitosi v grobovih dolenjske skupine le redko pojavljajo, moramo omeniti predvsem rdeče-črno obarvane ciborije tipa 1-3. Te lahko primerjamo s ciboriji tipa 7,531 ciboriji tipa 9,532 ciboriji tipa 10533 in ciboriji tipa 11 po Dularju534 oziroma z rdeče-črno barvanimi situlami z nogo tipa 1 po Dularju535. Pri ciborijih tipa 1-3 gre za oblike posodja, ki se najpogosteje pojavlja v grobovih stopenj kačastih in certoških fibul.536 Takšno posodje je pogosto tudi v stiških grobovih.537 Podobno lahko v stiških grobovih kačastega ali certoškega horizonta najdemo primerjave še drugim oblikam keramike, značilnim za stopnjo zidu II ; na primer loncem tipa 16 in 22b,538 loncem tipa 33,539 latvicam tipa 15,540 globokim latvicam tipa 20,541 skledam tipa 6542 in ne nazadnje tudi fragmentom nagubanih posod.543 Čeprav so v grobovih redkeje zastopani,544 omogočajo datacijo zidu II v mladohalštatski čas tudi vrečasti lonci z okrasom podkvastih nalepk. Keramika iz plasti k zidu II tega jasno postavlja v čas kačastih in certoških fibul. Takšno datacijo podpirajo tudi kovinske najdbe. Iz plasti k zidu II izvirajo noga kačaste fibule iz kompleksa 2/6 5545 (sl. 70: 32), fragmen- 530 Z zoomorfnimi oblikami povezujemo tudi okras para bradavic na vrhu ročajev. 531 Dular 1982, 48, t. 14: 135. 532 Dular 1982, 50 s, t. 16. 533 Dular 1982, 51, t. 17: 148, 150, 151. 534 Dular 1982, 52, t. 18: 156. 535 Dular 1982, t. 19: 160, 163, 164, 166, 167. 536 Dular 1982, 50 ss. 537 Gabrovec et al. 2006, t. 7; 8-11; 8: 15/1-4; 10: 20/1, 21/1; 15: 26/1; 28: 38/3-4, 40/4; 31: 48/1; 32: 51/1, 52/4; itd. 538 Gabrovec et al. 2006, t. 10: 17/3; 190: 36. 539 Gabrovec et al. 2006, t. 90: 155/1; 106: 1963/12. 540 Gabrovec et al. 2006, t. 30: 45/1; 36: 69/6; 44: 76/16. 541 Gabrovec et al. 2006, t. 41: 73/5. 542 Gabrovec et al. 2006, t. 74: 128/6; 128: 31/2. 543 Gabrovec et al. 2006, t. 33: 60/6; 35: 66/1; ipd. 544 Tecco Hvala et al. 2004, t. 121: A/4; Teržan 1976, t. 89: 8. 545 V objavi je navedeno, da fragment fibule izhaja iz najdbenega kompleksa 2/98 (Gabrovec 1994, 166), vendar pa v sondi 2 kompleks št. 98 sploh ni bil definiran, temveč so bile kot kompleks 98 očitno šele leta 1968 opredeljene najdbe iz sonde 1. Iz terenske ter postizkopavalne dokumentacije je tako razvidno, da izvira fragment kačaste fibule iz plasti, v kateri je bil opredeljen kompleks 2/65. Vse kovinske najdbe na sliki 70, ki izvirajo iz plasti k zidu II in III, so predstavljene po Gabrovec 1994: 32 = t. 12: 11; 33 - jars of Type 25 thrown on the slow wheel (Fig. 70: 14, 15); - jars of Variant 10a (Fig. 70: 16); - jars of Type 33 (Fig. 70: 17); - small footed bowls/dishes of Variant 4a (Fig. 70: 18);529 - dishes of Type 4 (Fig. 70: 19); - dishes of Type 8 (Fig. 70: 2o); - dishes of Type 6 (Fig. 70: 21); - dishes of Type 5 (Fig. 70: 22); - very shallow dishes with an inturned rim and a rounded shoulder of Variant 11b (Fig. 70: 23); - dishes with an inturned rim and either a slightly everted or a thinned lip of Type 15 (Fig. 70: 24, 25); - dishes with an inturned rim and horizontal grooves on the shoulder of Type 20 (Fig. 70: 26, 27); - pitchers of Types 1 and 2 (Fig. 70: 30); - bowl handles of Variant 2b (Fig. 70: 28, 29) and - firedogs with zoomorphic finials of Type 3 (Fig. 70: 31). By far the most characteristic decoration of the Wall II pottery is black-on-red painting (Fig. 70: 1-10), so much so that this pottery only rarely bears other decorations such as horseshoe-shaped (Fig. 70: 11) and modelled zoomorphic motifs (Fig. 70: 28-31),530 as well as indenting (Fig. 70: 18) and either horizontal or oblique bands of grooves (Fig. 70: 17, 19, 26, 27). The black-on-red painted ware is also the most important factor in the chronological attribution of the Wall II phase. Considering the fact that the so-called Sveta Lucija pithoi only rarely appear in the graves of the Dolenjska group, we should concentrate on the black-on-red painted footed bowls of Types 1-3. These are comparable with the footed bowls of Types 7,531 9,532 10533 and 11 after Dular,534 possibly also with the black-on-red painted footed situlae of Type 1 after Dular.535 The footed bowls of Types 1-3 most frequently appear in the graves of the Serpentine and Certosa Fibulae phases.536 They were also often found in the graves at Stična.537 The graves at Stična from the Serpentine or Certosa Fibulae phases also revealed goods comparable with other types of pottery characteristic of the Wall II phase, for instance 529 None of the finds that reliably originate from the layers associated with Wall II have been drawn, hence Figure 70 presents the most similar find, which was found in a La Tene layer and belongs to Complex 2/17 (Pl. 11: 6). 530 The pairs of knobs on top of handles are also considered as zoomorphic decoration. 531 Dular 1982, (48), 184, Pl. 14: 135. 532 Dular 1982, (50 f), 185, Pl. 16. 533 Dular 1982, (51), 185, Pl. 17: 148, 150, 151. 534 Dular 1982, (52), 185, Pl. 18: 156. 535 Dular 1982, Pl. 19: 160, 163, 164, 166, 167. 536 Dular 1982, (50 ff) 185 ff. 537 Gabrovec et al. 2006, Pls. 7; 8-11; 8: 15/1-4; 10: 20/1, 21/1; 15: 26/1; 28: 38/3-4, 40/4; 31: 48/1; 32: 51/1, 52/4; etc. 236 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT tirana trakasta fibula iz kompleksa 1/83 (sl. 70: 33) ter drobna ločna fibula iz žganinske plasti hiše 3 v sondi 19 (sl. 70: 34). Poleg tega moramo omeniti fragment masivne, narebrene bronaste zapestnice iz kompleksa 1/86 (sl. 70: 35), valjaste uhane iz kompleksov 17/9 (sl. 70: 38), 13/8 (sl. 70: 37) ter 2/65 (sl. 70: 36), pri čemer izvira iz kompleksa 2/65 še pločevinast trikoten obesek (sl. 70: 39).546 STOPNJA ZIDU III Bodisi neposredno nad zidom II547 bodisi na plasti izravnalne ilovice548 postavljen zid III je bil najbolje ohranjen v sondi 5, kjer so bili poleg skromno ohranjenega zidu in njemu pripadajočega zunanjega nasipa odkriti ruševinski ostanki hiše. Pri tem je bilo v sondi 5 ugotovljeno, da so bile pred postavitvijo zidu III odstranjene kulturne plasti zidu II. Podobno opažamo še v sondi 8, kjer je bila ugotovljena le notranja fronta zidu III. Skromni ostanki ali vsaj plasti grušča, ki jih povezujemo z njegovo gradnjo, so bili odkriti še v nekaterih drugih sondah na zunanjem obzidju, vendar pa je bilo povsod plasti stopnje zidu III težko ločevati od latenskih slojev. To velja tudi za sondo 17, od koder izvira velik del najdb stopnje zidu III (prim. sl. 29). 549 Glede na stratigrafsko pozicijo povezujem s stopnjo zidu III tudi hišo 4 iz sonde 19. Njeni ostanki so namreč segali vse do izravnane plasti ruševin hiše 3, ki sodi v čas zidu II. Najpomembnejši kompleksi, ki izvirajo iz plasti stopnje zidu III, so: 17/6, 17/9, 17/13 in 17/14 (t. 8: 15-19; 9; 10:1-13); 8/91 in 8/92 (t. 73: 9-16) ter najdbe iz hiše v sondi 5 (t. 68: 5-15; 69:1-5) in hiše 4 iz sonde 19 (t. 85:1-10). Za stopnjo zidu III najznačilnejši oziroma najpogosteje zastopani keramični tipi so: - lonci tipa 10 (sl. 70: 40); - lonci tipa 11 (sl. 70: 41); - trebušasti lonci tipa 14 (sl. 70: 42, 43) in tipa 18 (sl. 70: 44); - trebušasti lonci tipa 17 (sl. 70: 48, 49); - trebušasti lonci tipa 22a (sl. 70: 47); - lonci tipa 21 (sl. 70: 46); - lonci tipa 32 (sl. 70: 45); = t. 12: 1; 34 = t. 16: 48; 35 = t. 12: 2; 36 = t. 12: 12; 37 = t. 15: 14; 38 = t. 16: 21; 39 = t. 12: 15; 63 = t. 15: 10; 64 = t. 16: 24; 65 = t. 13: 6. 546 Tecco Hvala 2014b, 140 ss; Teržan, Trampuž 1973, 428 ss; Tecco Hvala 2012, 242 s; Teržan 1976, 318, 344 s; Teržan 1974, 41, op. 37; Grahek 2004, 146 s; Tecco Hvala 2012, 299 ss; Tecco Hvala 2007, 481 ss. 547 Najbolje razvidno pri sondi 4. 548 Najbolje razvidno pri sondi 14. 549 Glej še Grahek 2013, 2/382 ss = 642 ss. the jars of Type 16 and Variant 22b,538 jars of Type 33,539 dishes with an inturned rim of Type 15,540 deep dishes with an inturned rim of Type 20,541 dishes of Type 6542 and fragments of indented vessels.543 Although rarely found in graves,544 the bag-shaped jars with horseshoe-shaped decoration also indicate a Late Hallstatt date of Wall II phase. The ceramic finds from the layers associated with Wall II clearly date it to the Serpentine and Certosa Fibulae phases. This is further corroborated by metal finds: the foot of a serpentine fibula forming part of Complex 2/6 5545 (Fig. 70: 32), a fragmented band bow fibula from Complex 1/83 (Fig. 70: 33), a small bow fibula from the layer of the burnt remains of House 3 v Trench 19 (Fig. 70: 34), but also a fragment of a solid ribbed bracelet of bronze from Complex 1/86 (Fig. 70: 35), cylindrical earrings from Complexes 17/9 (Fig. 70: 38), 13/8 (Fig. 70: 37) and 2/65 (Fig. 70: 36), with the last mentioned complexes including a triangular sheet metal pendant (Fig. 70: 39).546 PHASE OF WALL III Wall III was constructed either directly above Wall II547 or on a layer of levelling loam.548 Not much of it survived, though most in Trench 5, where it was unearthed together with the accompanying exterior earthwork, as well as the debris of a house. Trench 5 also showed that the cultural layers associated with Wall II had been removed prior to the construction of 538 Gabrovec et al. 2006, Pls. 10: 17/3; 190: 36. 539 Gabrovec et al. 2006, Pls. 90: 155/1; 106: 1963/12. 540 Gabrovec et al. 2006, Pls. 30: 45/1; 36: 69/6; 44: 76/16. 541 Gabrovec et al. 2006, Pl. 41: 73/5. 542 Gabrovec et al. 2006, Pls. 74: 128/6; 128: 31/2. 543 Gabrovec et al. 2006, Pls. 33: 60/6; 35: 66/1; and so forth. 544 Tecco Hvala et al. 2004, Pl. 121: A/4; Terzan 1976, Pl. 89: 8. 545 The first publication states that the fibula fragment belongs to Complex 2/98 (Gabrovec 1994, 169), but Complex 98 from Trench 2 was initially not defined; it was only formed later and composed of the finds determined in 1968 and found in Trench 1. The field and post-excavation data reveals that the said fragment really came from the layer that yielded finds determined as Complex 2/65. The metal finds from the layers associated with Walls II and III on Figure 70 after Gabrovec 1994: 32 = Pl. 12: 11; 33 = Pl. 12: 1; 34 = Pl. 16: 48; 35 = Pl. 12: 2; 36 = Pl. 12: 12; 37 = Pl. 15: 14; 38 = Pl. 16: 21; 39 = Pl. 12: 15; 63 = Pl. 15: 10; 64 = Pl. 16: 24; 65 = Pl. 13: 6. 546 Tecco Hvala 2014b, (140 ff), 165 ff; Terzan, Trampuz 1973, (428 ff), 439 f; Tecco Hvala 2012, 243 f; Terzan 1976, (318, 344 f), 425 ff, ; Terzan 1974, 41, Fn. 37; Grahek 2004, 146 f; Tecco Hvala 2012, 301 ff; Tecco Hvala 2007, 481 ff. 547 Most clearly discernible in Trench 4. 548 Most clearly discernible in Trench 14. 237 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT - buče z ozkim, visokim in vodoravno kaneliranim vratom (sl. 70: 50); - t. i. lonci s stožčastim vratom tipa 3 (sl. 70: 51); - ciboriji tipa 4 in veliki ciboriji tipa 4a (sl. 70: 52, 53) z nagubanim ostenjem; - sklede tipa 10 (sl. 70: 54) z nagubanim ostenjem; - latvice tipa 15 (sl. 70: 55) in - z vodoravnim kaneliranjem narebrene noge (ciborijev) tipa 2 (sl. 70: 56). Pri okrašeni keramiki stopnje zidu III je eden najznačilnejših okrasov gubanje površine (sl. 70: 52-54). V primerjavi z nagubano keramiko iz starejših plasti so sedaj izbokline večje in nemalokrat nastopajo v sestavljenih oblikah okrasa. Medtem ko se razmeroma pogosto pojavljajo predvsem vodoravno žlebljeni (sl. 70: 45) ali kanelirani okrasi (sl. 70: 50, 53, 56), opazno upade delež rdeče-črno obarvane keramike (prim. sl. 59: R-Č, O 15, O 18). V okviru plastičnih okrasov so značilne podkvaste nalepke (sl. 70: 57), polkrožna ali v obliki valovnice oblikovana nerazčlenjena rebra (sl. 57: O3) ter vdrte oziroma sploščene bradavice (sl. 70: 59). Nov je tudi motiv svastike (sl. 70: 58). Pri keramiki stopnje zidu III se pojavi še žigosan okras koncentričnih krožcev (sl. 70: 60-62; prim. sl. 59: O 24), ki večkrat nastopa skupaj s t. i. koleščkanim okrasom malih, vtisnjenih kvadratkov (sl. 60: O 23a; prim. sl. 59). Keramika stopnje zidu III jasno kaže na mladohal-štatsko obdobje, vendar pa posamezne keramične tipe le stežka natančneje datiramo. To velja že za nagubane ciborije tipa 4, ki imajo trup razdeljen v več etaž in so okrašeni z gubanjem ter vglobljenimi žlebovi (sl. 70: 52). Najboljše primerjave jim zasledimo med naselbinsko keramiko z Libne,550 medtem ko najdemo dobre primerjave ciborijem tipa 4a (sl. 70: 53) že v grobovih iz Stične.551 Glede na grobno keramiko ciboriji tipa 4a pravzaprav bolj ustrezajo skledam z nogo tipa 2 po Dularju.552 Te se podobno kot nagubani ciboriji, ki jih je Dular razvrstil med ciborije tipa 4 in 12,553 pojavljajo predvsem v grobovih kačastega in certoškega horizonta, redkeje pa so zastopane v grobovih stopnje negovskih čelad. Isto velja za vodoravno kanelirane noge tipa 2 (sl. 70: 56), ki najverjetneje pripadajo ciborijem tipa 10 po Dularju.554 Datacijo v mladohalštatsko obdobje narekujejo še latvice tipa 15, ki ustrezajo latvicam tipa 4 po Dularju,555 ter posode z okrasom podkvastih nalepk, reber v obliki valovnice, t. i. vdrtih bradavic in svastike, ki jih lahko primerjamo z lonci z mladohalštatskega grobišča v Do- 550 Štibernik 1999, t. 9: 2, 3. 551 Gabrovec et al. 2006, t. 54: 94/2; 98: 168/5; 104: 1946/5; 114: 9/7; 119: 17/3; 126: 26/6; 200: 19/1; 202B: 1. 552 Dular 1982, 73 s, t. 25: 236-243. 553 Dular 1982, 46 ss, t. 13: 124-126; 18: 157-159. 554 Dular 1982, 51 s, t. 17. 555 Dular 1982, 76 s, t. 26: 258-263. Wall III. A similar situation was observed in Trench 8, where only the interior face of Wall III was established. The modest remains of the wall or at least the layers of gravel associated with its construction were also found in several other trenches on the exterior rampart, but in all of them it was very difficult to distinguish between the layers of the Wall III phase and the La Tene layers. This was also the case in Trench 17, the finds from which are largely attributable to the Wall III phase (cf. Fig. 29).549 On the basis of its stratigraphic position and because its remains reached to the levelled layer of the debris of House 3 from the Wall II phase, House 4 in Trench 19 is also attributed to the Wall III phase. The complexes most significant for the attribution of the Wall III phase are 17/6, 17/9, 17/13 and 17/14 (Pls. 8:15-19; 9; 10:1-13); 8/91 and 8/92 (Pl. 73:9-16), as well as the finds from the house in Trench 5 (Pls. 68: 5-15; 69:1-5) and from House 4 in Trench 19 (Pl. 85:1-10). The characteristic or most common pottery of the Wall III phase is: - jars of Type 10 (Fig. 70: 40); - jars of Type 11 (Fig. 70: 41); - belly-shaped jars of Types 14 (Fig. 70: 42, 43) and 18 (Fig. 70: 44); - belly-shaped jars of Type 17 (Fig. 70: 48, 49); - belly-shaped jars of Variant 22a (Fig. 70: 47); - jars of Type 21 (Fig. 70: 46); - jars of Type 32 (Fig. 70: 45); - globular jars with a narrow and high neck with shallow horizontal grooves (Fig. 70: 50); - jars with a conical neck of Type 3 (Fig. 70: 51); - footed bowls of Type 4 and large footed bowls of Variant 4a (Fig. 70: 52, 53) with an indented body; - indented dishes of Type 10 (Fig. 70: 54); - dishes with an inturned rim of Type 15 (Fig. 70: 55) and - feet with shallow horizontal grooves (footed bowls) of Type 2 (Fig. 70: 56). One of the most typical techniques observed on the decorated pottery of the Wall III phase is indenting (Fig. 70: 52-54). In comparison with the indented pottery from earlier layers, indentations are now larger and quite often appear in composite designs. Also relatively frequent are horizontal grooves (Fig. 70: 45) or shallow grooves (Fig. 70: 50, 53, 56), while there is a marked decrease in the share of the black-on-red painted ware (cf. Fig. 59: R-B, O 15, O 18). The characteristic plastic decoration is horseshoe-shapes motifs (Fig. 70: 57), plain semicircular and wavy cordons (Fig. 57: O3) and knobs with impressions or flattened knobs (Fig. 70: 59). Also new is the swastika motif (Fig. 70: 58), as well as stamped ring-and-dots (Fig. 70: 60-62; cf. Fig. 59: O 24) that frequently appear together with the roulette decoration of small squares (Fig. 60: O 23a; cf. Fig. 59). 549 Cf. Grahek 2013, 2/382 ff = 642 ff. 238 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT lenjskih Toplicah.556 Vendar pa je pri tem pomenljivo, da podobne oblike plastičnega okrasa zasledimo tudi na prostoročno izdelanem posodju iz latenskih grobov na Kapiteljski njivi v Novem mestu.557 Kot ključni za kronološko opredelitev stopnje zidu III se kažejo prostoročno izdelani lonci z žigosanim okrasom koncentričnih krogov (sl. 70: 60-62), ki se pojavljajo skupaj z vrezi in odtisi v obliki sestavljenih okrasov (prim. sl. 60: O 24a). Čeprav oblike žigov omogočajo povezave z latensko žigosano keramiko,558 lahko žigosano keramiko stopnje zidu III primerjamo le s skromnimi naselbinskimi najdbami iz Vintarjevca, ki datirajo v stopnjo negovskih čelad.559 Keramika iz plasti k zidu III pravzaprav ne omogoča natančne in povsem zanesljive datacije te stopnje. Kljub nekaterim razlikam v uporabi, ki je izpričana z različnim deležem najdb posameznih keramičnih tipov (sl. 66), je namreč povsem razvidno, da so med keramiko stopnje zidu III zastopane zelo podobne, če že ne povsem enake oblike, kot jih zasledimo že v stopnji zidu II. Nedvomno gre za mladohalštatsko keramiko, ki jo po stratigrafskem zaporedju lahko shematično postavimo v čas negovskega horizonta, vendar pa ne gre spregledati dejstva, da izvira iz plasti, ki sodijo k zidu III, tudi več kosov izrazito latenske keramike, kot so glinenke in pokali. Latenska keramika se pojavi tudi med gradivom iz hiše 4 v sondi 19 (t. 85: 1, 10).560 Čeprav je pojav prvih latenskih najdb ena od značilnosti negovskega horizonta,561 je videti, da gre za zamešane najdbe, kar bom pokazala pri obravnavi keramike iz latenskih plasti. Podobno kot keramika nedvomne datacije zidu III ne omogočajo niti drobne najdbe, ki jih je kot relevantne za opredelitev omenil že Gabrovec.562 Gre za certoški fibuli s samostrelno peresovino iz sond 13 in 17 (sl. 70: 63, 64) ter fibulo zgodnjelatenske sheme iz sonde 8 (sl. 70: 65). Certoški fibuli sodita med fibule vrste XIII po Teržanovi, ki datirajo predvsem v mlajši del certoškega horizonta, pojavljajo pa se tudi v grobovih iz časa ne-govskega horizonta.563 Medtem ko sta bili ti dve fibuli najdeni v okviru kompleksov 13/8 in 17/4 in tako izvirata iz spodnjega dela latenske plasti nad ruševinskimi ostanki zidu III oziroma z njim povezanimi plastmi grušča in hišnega ometa, izvira zgodnjelatenska fibula iz ostalin zidu III. Čeprav Gabrovec v objavah navaja, 556 Prim. Teržan 1976, t. 27: 9; 32: 1, 11; 42: 2, 4; 43: 4; 45: 8; 53: 1, 2; 56: 5; 58: 10 itd. 557 Križ 2005, t. 1: 101/1; 2: 102/1-2; 12: 121/1; 16: 127/1; 18: 131/2; 27: 144/1; 29: 148/1; 30: 151/1-2; 47: 174/2; 75: 442/2 ipd. 558 Prim. Teržan 1994, 130, op. 18; Gabrovec 1994, 154, op. 14; Schwappach 1970-1971. 559 Stare V. 1999, 23 ss, sl. 12: 2. 560 Grahek 2013, 2/425 ss = 685 ss. 561 Gabrovec 1964-1965, 35 s, sl. 2; isti 1987, 69 ss, sl. 6; Dular 2003, 150. 562 Gabrovec 1994, 154. 563 Teržan 1976, 338 ss, sl. 5; 361 ss. The pottery of the Wall III phase is clearly Late Hallstatt in character, though it is difficult to precisely date individual types. This is true of the indented footed bowls of Type 4, with a tiered body and decorated with indentations and grooves (Fig. 70: 52). Their closest parallels can be found among the settlement pottery from Libna.550 For the footed bowls of Variant 4a (Fig. 70: 53), close parallels are known from the graves at Stična.551 These bowls correspond with the footed dishes of Type 2 after Dular,552 which mainly appear, similarly as the indented footed bowls of Type 4 and 12 after Dular,553 in the graves of the Serpentine and Certosa Fibulae phases, rarely in the graves of the Negova phase. The same is true of the feet of Type 2 with horizontal shallow grooves (Fig. 70: 56), which most likely belong to the footed bowls of Type 10 after Dular.554 A Late Hallstatt date is further suggested by the dishes with an inturned rim of Type 15, which correspond with the dishes with an inturned rim of Type 4 after Dular,555 but also the vessels with horseshoe-shaped motifs, wavy cordons, knobs with impressions and swastika motifs, which are closely comparable with the jars from the Late Hallstatt cemetery at Dolenjske Toplice.556 Similar plastic decoration is known on the hand-built pottery from the La Tene graves at Kapiteljska njiva in Novo mesto.557 Of crucial importance for the chronological attribution of the Wall III phase are the hand-built jars with stamped ring-and-dots (Fig. 70: 60-62), which appear as part of composite designs together with incisions and impressions (cf. Fig. 60: O 24a). Although the shapes of the stamped decoration can be related to the La Tene stamped ware,558 the stamped pottery of the Wall III phase is really only comparable with the few settlement remains from Vintarjevec that date to the Negova phase.559 To conclude, the pottery from the layers associated with Wall III does not provide a precise and reliable dating for the phase. In spite of some differences in use, as discernible in the different shares of individual pottery types (Fig. 66), it is clear that the pottery of the Wall III phase comprises very similar, if not the same forms as in the previous, Wall II phase. The Wall III phase forms are 550 Štibernik 1999, Pl. 9: 2, 3. 551 Gabrovec et al. 2006, Pls. 54: 94/2; 98: 168/5; 104: 1946/5; 114: 9/7; 119: 17/3; 126: 26/6; 200: 19/1; 202B: 1. 552 Dular 1982, (73 f), 196, Pl. 25: 236-243. 553 Dular 1982, (46 ff), 184 f, Pls. 13: 124-126; 18: 157-159. 554 Dular 1982, (51 f) 185, Pl. 17. 555 Dular 1982, (76 f), 197, Pl. 26: 258-263. 556 Cf. Teržan 1976, Pls. 27: 9; 32: 1, 11; 42: 2, 4; 43: 4; 45: 8; 53: 1, 2; 56: 5; 58: 10 etc. 557 Križ 2005, Pls. 1: 101/1; 2: 102/1-2; 12: 121/1; 16: 127/1; 18: 131/2; 27: 144/1; 29: 148/1; 30: 151/1-2; 47: 174/2; 75: 442/2 etc. 558 Cf. Teržan 1994, 127 ff, Fn. 18; Gabrovec 1994, 157, Fn. 14; Schwappach 1970-1971. 559 Stare V. 1999, (23 ff), 32 ff, Fig. 12: 2. 239 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT da je bila fibula najdena v "čistem latenskem sloju"564 oziroma "na ruševinah zidu III",565 je iz terenske dokumentacije (op. terenskega dnevnika) razvidno, da sodi v okvir kompleksa 8/92, pri čemer sploh ni nujno, da gre za pomešano najdbo, temveč fibula zgolj podpira datacijo v negovski horizont.566 3.6.2 KERAMIKA LATENSKIH STOPENJ STIČNE Po osnovni kronološki shemi označuje zadnjo stopnjo Stične latenska poselitev.567 Da pri tem še zdaleč ne gre za homogeno stopnjo, je najbolj očitno pri sondah, izkopanih na prečnem obzidju, saj sta bila tu v vseh sondah odkrita dva latenska zidova. Kljub temu da je bil v sondi 19 med obema zidovoma odkrit še vogal objekta, ki je zunaj sonde ostal neraziskan, ter da je bilo v posameznih sondah mogoče razločiti več plasti k posameznemu zidu, obravnavam sonde 9, 18 in 19 skupaj. Pri tem razlikujem le med starejšo stopnjo, ki jo označujejo plasti k prečnemu zidu 1, in mlajšo stopnjo zidu 2, saj podrobnejša členitev zaradi ne povsem primerljivih stratigrafskih podatkov in manjšega števila opredeljivih kosov keramike po posameznih plasteh niti ni smiselna. Podobno velja za sondo 11, kjer so bile odkrite tri latenske plasti. Ker pa iz najstarejše plasti izvira le malo keramičnih najdb,568 razlikujem zgolj med dvema stopnjama; tako obravnavamo skupaj najdbe pred postavitvijo zidu (plast Lt a in plast Lt b), na drugi strani pa povezujemo najdbe iz plasti Lt c s tamkaj odkritim zidom. Slabše so stratificirane latenske plasti, odkrite v sondah na zunanjem obzidju. Medtem ko je bilo v notranjem delu sond 17, 14, 13, 12 in 2 dve stopnji latenske poselitve mogoče le slutiti, sta bili v sondi 6 v latenski plasti odkriti dve skupini kamnov. Poleg skromnih ostankov latenskega zidu tik pod humusom so bili v temnorjavi plasti odkriti še ostanki latenskega objekta, s katerim gre povezovati večino najdb iz latenske plasti v sondi 6. Dve latenski plasti sta bili odkriti še v sondi 5, pri čemer je bila v mlajši odkrita tudi vkopana jama. Več latenskih slojev je bilo odkritih še na zunanjem pobočju gradišča: v sondah 2 in 8 sta bila odkrita dva tlaka, v sondah 16B, 4 in 6 pa trije kamniti tlaki. Ker iz latenskih plasti zunaj obzidja izvira le malo najdb, zanje pri tipološko-statistični obravnavi nisem navedla stratigrafsko-kronološkega orisa. Za ovrednotenje in kronološko opredelitev latenske poselitve so torej relevantne predvsem plasti, odkrite v notranjosti naselja, ter plasti iz sond 5 in 6, od koder 564 Frey, Gabrovec 1969, 14, sl. 2: 1 = Frey 1969a. 565 Gabrovec 1994, 168, t. 13: 6. 566 Prim. Gabrovec 1987, 74. 567 Gabrovec 1994, 150. 568 Kompleksi 15, 17 in 18. Glej Grahek 2013, 2/296 ss = 556 ss. certainly Late Hallstatt in date and may more precisely be attributed to the Negova horizon on the basis of the stratigraphic sequence. We should note that the layers associated with Wall III also yielded a number of sherds of typical La Tene pottery, such as flasks and goblets. La Tene pottery was also unearthed among the finds from House 4 in Trench 19 (Pl. 85:1, 10).560 Although the appearance of the first La Tene finds ranks among the characteristics of the Negova phase,561 it seems that we are dealing here with mixed finds, as will be discussed below in connection with the pottery from the La Tene layers. Neither can a reliable date of Wall III be proposed on the basis of metal finds, which Gabrovec deemed relevant.562 These include two Certosa fibulae with a long spring from Trenches 13 and 17 (Fig. 70: 63, 64) and a fibula of the Early La Tene scheme from Trench 8 (Fig. 70: 65). The Certosa fibulae are of Type XIII after Teržan; they date mainly to the late part of the Certosa Fibulae phase, but also appear in the graves of the Negova phase.563 The two fibulae form part of Complexes 13/8 and 17/4, which means that they were found in the lower part of the La Tene layer above the debris of Wall III and the associated layers of gravel and house daub. The Early La Tene fibula was found among the debris of Wall III. Although Gabrovec stated that this fibula was found in a 'purely La Tene layer',564 and 'on the debris of Wall III',565 the field diary reveals that it was included into Complex 8/92. It is therefore not necessarily a mixed find and may, in fact, corroborate the dating into the Negova phase.566 3.6.2 POTTERY OF STICNA'S LA TENE PHASE The last phase of the Stična hillfort is that of La Tene habitation.567 This phase is not homogeneous, as is clearly visible from Trenches 9, 18 and 19 on the crosswall that revealed two La Tene walls. The trenches are treated together because of their location, in spite of the fact that Trench 19 revealed the corner of a building (which remained uninvestigated as it lay outside the trench) between the two crosswalls and that some of the trenches revealed several layers associated with individual crosswalls. I could therefore only distinguish between the early phase, of the layers associated with the first crosswall, and the late phase, of the second crosswall. A more detailed division is 560 Grahek 2013, 2/425 ff = 685 ff. 561 Gabrovec 1966c, 29 ff, Tab. 2; idem 1987, 69 ff, Fig. 6; Dular 2003, 143 ff. 562 Gabrovec 1994, 157. 563 Teržan 1976, (338 ff), 431, Fig. 5; (361 ff), 434 ff. 564 Frey 1969a, 13 f, Fig. 2: 1. 565 Gabrovec 1994, 169, Pl. 13: 6. 566 Cf. Gabrovec 1987, 74. 567 Gabrovec 1994, 153. 240 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Sl. 71: Delež obravnavanih kosov keramike po posameznih latenskih plasteh oziroma stopnjah. Fig. 71: Shares of determinable ceramic finds in individual La Tene layers. skupno izvira največ najdb latenske keramike (sl. 71). Pri tem lahko nekatere pomenljive razlike zaznamo že s splošnim pregledom keramike po posameznih plasteh oziroma stopnjah. Za keramiko iz latenske plasti v sondi 6 je značilno, da je večinoma izdelana prostoročno ter da je bil le manjši delež keramike oblikovan na (hitrem) lončarskem vretenu. Na drugi strani je najmanjši delež prostoročno izdelane keramike ugotovljen v okviru najdb iz strati-grafsko starejše plasti a v sondi 5. Ze v plasti b se delež prostoročno izdelane keramike občutno poveča, zato lahko keramiko iz stratigrafsko mlajše plasti v sondi 5 po načinu izdelave še najbolje primerjamo s keramiko iz latenskih plasti v sondi 11 z zahodne terase (sl. 72). Podobne razlike se kažejo tudi pri pregledu deleža osnovnih zvrsti keramike po posameznih plasteh (sl. 73). Ponovno namreč najbolj izstopa plast iz sonde 6, kjer lahko na eni strani ugotavljamo najmanjši delež posodja, na drugi strani pa je predvsem zaradi večjega števila najdenih fragmentov pekev ugotovljen največji delež ognjiščnih predmetov. Razmeroma velik delež ognjiščnih predmetov je ugotovljen še v sondi 5, pri čemer med keramiko iz tamkaj odkrite starejše latenske plasti ni bila zastopana keramika iz osnovne skupine drugih predmetov. Glede na delež osnovnih skupin keramike lahko tako najbolje primerjamo najdbe iz notranjosti naselja. Primerljive so predvsem najdbe iz plasti k prečnemu zidu 1 in plasti pred izgradnjo zidu na zahodni terasi, na drugi strani pa najdbe iz plasti k prečnemu zidu 2 ter plasti k zidu iz sonde 11. Povezave posameznih latenskih plasti oziroma stopenj iz sond na prečnem obzidju s sondo 11, izkopano na zahodni terasi, so razvidne tudi iz pregleda deleža oblik posodja (sl. 74). Medtem ko so nizke oblike posodja, kot not feasible due to poorly comparable stratigraphic data and a small number of determinable pottery finds from individual layers. Trench 11 on the western terrace revealed three La Tene layers. The earliest layer,568 however, yielded few ceramic finds and I therefore only write of two phases, with the first one comprising the finds from the two layers predating the construction of the wall on the western terrace (Layers a and b) and the second consisting of the finds associated with the wall (Layer c). The La Tene layers in the trenches on the rampart are less clearly stratified. The situation in the interior parts of Trenches 17, 14, 13, 12 and 2 indicates two phases of La Tene habitation, while Trench 6 revealed one La Tene layer containing two groups of stones in its upper part that represent modest remains of the La Tene rampart just below the topsoil, as well as the remains of a La Tene building. Most of the finds from Trench 6 can be attributed to this layer. Trench 5 revealed two La Tene layers, with a pit dug into the later one. The trenches on the exterior slopes of the hillfort revealed several La Tene layers: Trenches 2 and 8 revealed two, Trenches 16B, 4 and 6 three stone pavings. These layers yielded very few finds and have therefore not yet been attributed in chrono-stratigraphic terms. The layers most significant for the evaluation and chronological attribution of the La Tene habitation at Stična are those in the hillfort interior and in Trenches 5 and 6 on the rampart, the latter two yielding the greatest amount of La Tene pottery (Fig. 71). The finds allow us to observe telling differences between individual layers and phases. The pottery from the La Tene layer in Trench 6 is typically hand-built, with only a small portion thrown on the (fast) wheel. In Trench 5, the stratigraphically earliest Layer a revealed the lowest share of hand-built pottery, while the share increased substantially in Layer b and this pottery is, in the shaping technique, comparable with the pottery from the La Tene layers in Trench 11 on the western terrace (Fig. 72). Similar differences can be observed in the shares of the basic forms of pottery in individual layers (Fig. 73). The La Tene layer in Trench 6 stands apart in this respect, revealing the lowest share of vessels and the highest share of hearth utensils, particularly baking lids. A relatively high share of hearth utensils was also established in Trench 5, with the pottery from the early La Tene layer not including the finds from the group of other ceramic objects. In the basic groups of ceramic finds, the finds most suitable for comparisons are those from the hillfort interior. Closest comparisons can be drawn between the finds from the layers associated with the first crosswall and the layers predating the construction of the wall on the western terrace, as 568 Complexes 15, 17 and 18. For all finds see Grahek 2013, 2/296 ff = 556 ff. 241 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Sl. 72: Deleži keramike glede na način izdelave po posameznih latenskih plasteh. Fig. 72: Shares of pottery in individual La Tene layers according to the shaping technique. Sl. 73: Deleži osnovnih zvrsti keramike po posameznih latenskih plasteh. Fig. 73: Shares of the basic groups of ceramic finds in individual La Tene layers. 242 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT sonda/Trench f Lt plast/LT layei n = Í4í sonda/Trench 5 plast a/Layer a n = 106 plast b/ Layer b n = 79 sonde/Trenches 9,18,19 zid 1 /Crosswall 1 n = 259 zid 2 / Crosswall 2 n = 191 sonda/Trench 11 pred zidom / Predating the wall n = 158 zid/Wall n = 337 Ol 5 Lt skupno/LT total ts n = 2164 1 1 1 II III ______ ^m i i ir r i i II^^H M II II 1 1 1 100 faza / Phase Pi L Lsv B C I G P Ro La Sk pos. obi. Po d n I skupno/ total sonda /Trench 6 - Lt 2 30 1 2 1 2 H 10 6 28 1 26 110 sonda/Trench 5-Lt a 4 21 1 18 15 i 2 5 2 20 3 92 sonda /Trench 5 - Lt b 2 20 3 2 10 2 5 6 1 8 1 5 65 sonde/Trenches 9,18,19 - Lt zid / Crosswall 1 6 111 1 1 44 5 7 8 3 49 8 243 sonde /Trenches 9,18,19 - Lt zid / Crosswall 2 2 62 2 1 24 8 4 7 2 47 1 8 168 sonda /Trench 11 - pred zidom / Predating the wall 3 74 1 1 1 17 1 2 4 2 30 1 8 145 sonda/Trench 11 - zid / Wall 5 159 3 1 32 6 9 5 7 59 6 292 Lt plast /LT layer 31 248 4 1 7 2 96 23 2 37 37 2 2 147 2 63 704 skupno/Total 55 725 15 4 9 7 242 62 4 76 78 2 19 388 6 127 1819 Sl. 74: Deleži oblik posodja po posameznih latenskih plasteh. Fig. 74: Shares of the pottery forms in individual La Tene layers. so latvice in sklede, redko zastopane, pripada največji delež loncem oziroma grobi kuhinjski keramiki. Manj od loncev je tudi finega posodja, kot so glinenke in pokali. Drugače je pri keramiki iz latenskih plasti v sondi 5. Tu so najpogosteje zastopane prav oblike fine keramike, medtem ko se delež loncev občutno zmanjša. To je še posebej očitno pri keramiki iz starejše plasti Lt a, medtem ko je pri keramiki iz mlajše plasti Lt b opazen porast deleža najdb nizkega posodja, in sicer so pogosteje kot latvice zastopane sklede. Ponovno najbolj izstopa keramika iz latenske plasti v sondi 6. Glede na delež posameznih oblik posodja lahko tamkaj izkopano keramiko bolj kot s keramiko iz drugih latenskih plasti primerjamo z najdbami stopnje zidu III (prim. sl. 74 in 66). V sondi 6 so namreč še vedno zastopani ciboriji, v primerjavi z drugimi latenskimi plastmi pa je očiten predvsem majhen delež oblik finega latenskega posodja. Tako se le v primeru well as the finds from the layers associated with the second crosswall and the layers associated with the wall in Trench 11. The connections between individual La Tene layers or phases in the trenches on the crosswall and those in Trench 11 on the western terrace are visible in the shares of individual pottery types (Fig. 74). Low vessel forms, such as dishes with an inturned rim and other dishes, are rare, while the most common form is jars, i.e. coarseware. Fineware, i.e. flasks and goblets, is less numerous. A different picture can be gained from the ceramic finds from the La Tene layers in Trench 5. Here, it is fineware that is best represented, while jars are considerably less numerous. The latter observation is particularly apparent in the pottery from the early Layer Lt a, while the pottery from the late Layer Lt b shows an increase in low vessels, with dishes with an inturned rim less frequent than other dishes. 243 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT sonde 6 glinenke in pokali pojavljajo redkeje kot oblike nizkega posodja, pri čemer pripada tu večji delež nizkega posodja latvicam in ne skledam. Iz pregleda deležev keramike glede na način izdelave (sl. 72) in prav tako iz pregleda deležev oblik posodja po posameznih latenskih plasteh (sl. 74) je torej razvidno, da iz sonde 6 izvira manj značilne latenske keramike kot iz drugih latenskih plasti. Z latenskim obdobjem se namreč v keramični proizvodnji na Dolenjskem pojavita dve izjemno pomembni tehnološki novosti. Na eni strani začnejo uporabljati t. i. hitro lončarsko vreteno, na drugi strani pa se pojavi posebna receptura priprave lončarske mase, t. i. grafitna keramika. Kot značilne oblike latenske keramike, ki omogočajo kronološko opredelitev latenske poselitve Stične, lahko v prvi vrsti obravnavamo posodje, oblikovano na lončarskem vretenu, zato tem oblikam v nadaljevanju posvečam največ pozornosti. Glede na razlike oziroma podobnosti, razvidne že iz splošnega pregleda keramike po posameznih plasteh, so pri kronološki opredelitvi latenske poselitve z vidika keramike ločeno obravnavane najdbe iz sonde 6 in 5, medtem ko so latenske plasti iz sond, izkopanih v notranjem delu naselja, obravnavane skupaj, in sicer tako najdbe iz plasti k prečnima zidovoma kot tudi najdbe iz sonde na zahodni terasi. V uvodu bodo predstavljeni kompleksi, ki vsebujejo za posamezno plast oziroma stopnjo najznačilnejše tipe keramike ter oblike in motive okrasa. Kronološka opredelitev temelji na primerjavi z bolje datiranimi grobnimi najdbami in z naselbinsko keramiko drugih najdišč. V obravnavo sem pritegnila tudi vse kovinske najdbe, relevantne za datacijo. Zaradi kovinskih najdb se pred obravnavo latenskih plasti v notranjosti naselja nekoliko pomudim tudi pri kamnitih tlakih na zunanjem pobočju. KERAMIKA IZ LATENSKE PLASTI V SONDI 6 Kot je razvidno iz jugovzhodnega profila v sondi 6, sta bili nad kulturno plastjo zidu II odkriti dve plasti (pril. 11). Medtem ko spodnjo, svetlorjavo povezujemo z zidom III, so bili v vrhnjem delu temnorjave plasti pod humusom odkriti kamni, ki so najverjetneje ostanki latenskega obzidja. Temnorjava latenska plast iz sonde 6 je torej starejša od latenskega zidu. Pri tem iz sonde 6 ne poznamo najdb, ki bi pripadale skromnim ostalinam latenskega obzidja, temveč iz temnorjave latenske plasti zagotovo izvirajo kompleksi 6, 7, 9, 10, 15 in 16 (t. 57; t. 58:1-14). Že s splošnim pregledom keramike po posameznih latenskih plasteh ugotovimo, da prevladujejo v sondi 6 prostoročno oblikovani lonci (sl. 72-74). Na hitrem lončarskem vretenu oblikovana keramika, med katero so tudi grafitni lonci in oblike fine keramike, je večinoma zastopana le s posamičnimi fragmenti, ki pa so lahko tudi zamešani. Zato lahko kot značilne oblike keramike iz latenske plasti v sondi 6 izpostavim predvsem: The ceramic finds from the La Tene layer in Trench 6 again stand apart. In the share of individual pottery shapes, these ceramic finds are closer to those of the Wall III phase rather than to those of other La Tene layers (cf. Figs. 74 and 66). Trench 6 yielded footed bowls and very rare pieces of La Tene fineware; with flasks and goblets less frequent than low vessels. Of the latter, dishes with an inturned rim are more numerous than other dishes. The overview of the shares of the ceramic finds according to the shaping technique (Fig. 72) and of the shares of the pottery forms in individual La Tene layers (Fig. 74) shows that Trench 6 yielded less typical La Tene pottery than the La Tene layers elsewhere. In general, the La Tene period in Dolenjska brings two very important novelties in pottery production, namely the use of the fast wheel and a special fabric recipe, to make graphite ware. The wheel-thrown vessels represent typical La Tene forms that importantly contribute to the dating of this habitation phase at Stična and will therefore be discussed in greater detail below. The differences between the ceramic finds from individual La Tene layers led me to treat the finds from Trenches 6 and 5 on the rampart separately from those recovered from the trenches in the hillfort interior. I will present the types of pottery and decoration characteristic of individual layers or phases. These will be compared with the reliably dated grave goods and settlement pottery from other sites, as well as relevant metal finds. Because of the metal finds, I will make a brief overview of the pavings on the rampart's exterior before proceeding with the evaluation of La Tene layers in the hillfort interior. POTTERY FROM THE LA TENE LAYER IN TRENCH 6 The south-east cross section in Trench 6 revealed two layers above the cultural layer associated with Wall II (App. 11). The lower, light brown layer is associated with Wall III. The top part of the upper, dark brown layer revealed stones just beneath the topsoil that most probably represent the remains of the La Tene rampart. This also means that the dark brown layer is earlier than the said rampart. The finds from the dark brown layer form Complexes 6, 7, 9, 10, 15 and 16 (Pl. 57; Pl. 58: 1-14), while there are no finds that could be connected with the La Tene rampart. The predominant pottery from the La Tene layer in Trench 6 is hand-built jars (Figs. 72-74). The pottery thrown on the fast wheel, which includes graphite ware jars and fineware vessels, mostly appears as individual fragments. These may even be mixed finds. That said, the characteristic pottery of the La Tene layer in Trench 6 is: - jar of Type 10a;569 569 Grahek 2013, 2/241 = 501; ID 6806/007-002. Cf. Fig. 244 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT - lonec tipa 10a;569 - lonec tipa 12;570 - lonec tipa 22a571 in - lonca tipa 31 (npr. ID 6806/010-001 = t. 57: 4).572 Pri keramiki, oblikovani na vretenu, iz latenske plasti v sondi 6 zaradi velike fragmentarnosti pravzaprav ni mogoče ugotavljati značilnih tipov posodja. Poleg fragmenta lonca z navzven odebeljenim robom ustja tipa 40a (t. 58: 12) so med keramiko, dodelano na vretenu, zastopani predvsem z glavničenjem okrašeni lonci (t. 57:17; 58: 9).573 Zasledimo še fragmente pokalov (t. 58: 14)574 in glinenk (t. 58: 5), ki jim bržkone pripadajo tudi fragmenti z žigosanim okrasom koncentričnih krožcev (t. 57: 19; 58: 2). Pri tem ne gre prezreti, da se tako žigosan (t. 57: 20; 58: 3, 10) in glavničast okras (t. 57: 16)575 pojavljata tudi pri prostoročno izdelani keramiki. Tipe prostoročno izdelanih loncev, ki sodijo med najznačilnejše oblike keramike iz latenske plasti v sondi 6, lahko primerjamo s številnimi najdbami prostoročno izdelanih loncev iz srednjelatenskih grobov na Kapiteljski njivi v Novem mestu.576 Toda za kronološko opredelitev plasti z vidika keramike je pomembna latenska, to je na vretenu oblikovana keramika. Podobno, kot velja za prostoročno izdelane lonce, lahko z glavničenjem okrašenim fragmentom grafitne keramike (t. 58: 9) najdemo primerjave že na srednje-latenskih najdiščih, na primer v nižinskem naselju v Trnavi blizu Žalca v Savinjski dolini577 ali na grobišču v Forminu,578 pri čemer naj poudarim, da se grafitna keramika v grobovih le redko pojavlja.579 Čeprav poznamo grafitno keramiko s številnih drugih slovenskih najdišč,580 večinoma datiranih v poznolatenski čas, se grafitno keramiko še vedno obravnava predvsem kot srednjelatenski element,581 pri čemer so zelo pomen- 569 Grahek 2013, 2/241 = 501; ID 6806/007-002. Prim. sl. 39: L 10; 53. 570 Grahek 2013, 2/241 = 501; ID 6806/007-005. Prim. sl. 39: L 12; 53. 571 Grahek 2013, 2/242 = 502; ID 6806/009-009. Prim. sl. 40: L 22a; 53. 572 Grahek 2013, 2/243 = 503; ID 6806/010-017. Prim. sl. 41: L 31; 53. 573 Grahek 2013, 2/242 ss = 502 ss; ID 6806/009-006, 6806/015-010, 6806/015-011, 6806/016-011. 574 Grahek 2013, 2/242 = 502; ID 6806/009-003. 575 Grahek 2013, 2/242 ss = 502 ss; ID 6806/008-004, 6806/015-012. 576 Prim. sl. 39: L 10, L 12; 40: L 22a; 41: L 31 in Križ 2005, t. 6: 110/1, 111/1-2; 17: 128/2; 21: 135/2-5; 34: 152/1; 47: 177/1 itd. 577 Novšak et al. 2006, 22 s, G: 22-25, 28-31, 50-55, 68, 72-74, 83-86; Božič 1999a, 212. 578 Pahič 1966, t. 12: 8; Božič 1999a, 212. 579 Prim. Trebsche et al. 2007, 93; Trebsche 2011, 467 s, Abb. 11; Zeiler 2012, 622 ss. 580 Guštin 1984, sl. 27: 3; Novšak et al. 2006, sl. 36. 581 Zgodnjo datacijo zagovarja predvsem M. Zeiler - jar of Type 12;570 - jar of Variant 22a571 and - jar of Type 31 (e.g. ID 6806/010-001 = Pl. 57: 4).572 The wheel-thrown pottery from the La Tene layer in Trench 6 is highly fragmented and does not allow us to propose typical pottery types. Of the pottery finished on the wheel, there is one fragment of a jar with an in-turned rim with a thickening on the exterior of Variant 40a (Pl. 58: 12), while most sherds belong to jars with combed decoration (Pls. 57:17; 58: 9);573 there are also fragments of goblets (Pl. 58: 14)574 and flasks (Pl. 58: 5), to which we may add the fragments with stamped ring-and-dots (Pls. 57:19; 58: 2). Both the stamped (Pls. 57: 20; 58: 3,10) and the combed decorations (Pl. 57: 16)575 also appear on hand-built pottery. The hand-built jars, which rank among the most typical ceramic finds from the La Tene layer in Trench 6, are comparable with numerous hand-built jars from the Middle La Tene graves at Kapiteljska njiva in Novo mesto.576 The most important for the chronological attribution, however, is the wheel-thrown pottery. Similarly as for the hand-built jars, the parallels for the wheel-thrown combed graphite ware (Pl. 58: 9) can already be found on Middle La Tene sites, for example the lowland settlement at Trnava near Zalec in the Savinja valley577 and the cemetery at Formin,578 although graphite ware only rarely appears in graves.579 In general, graphite ware is still considered first and foremost a Middle La Tene element,580 even though it has been found on a number of other sites in Slovenia,581 predominantly in Late La Tene contexts. Important in that respect is the recently excavated Middle and Late 39: L 10. 570 Grahek 2013, 2/241 = 501; ID 6806/007-005. Cf. Fig. 39: L 12. 571 Grahek 2013, 2/242 = 502; ID 6806/009-009. Cf. Fig. 40: L 22a. 572 Grahek 2013, 2/243 = 503; ID 6806/010-017. Cf. Fig. 41: L 31. 573 Grahek 2013, 2/242 ff = 502 ff; ID 6806/009-006, 6806/015-010, 6806/015-011, 6806/016-011. 574 Grahek 2013, 2/242 = 502; ID 6806/009-003. 575 Grahek 2013, 2/242 ff = 502 ff; ID 6806/008-004, 6806/015-012. 576 Cf. Fig. 39: L 10, L 12; 40: L 22a; 41: L 31 and Križ 2005, Pls. 6: 110/1, 111/1-2; 17: 128/2; 21: 135/2-5; 34: 152/1; 47: 177/1 etc. 577 Novšak et al. 2006, 22 f, G: 22-25, 28-31, 50-55, 68, 72-74, 83-86; Božič 1999a, 200. 578 Pahič 1966, Pl. 12: 8; Božič 1999a, 200. 579 Cf. Trebsche et al. 2007, 93; Trebsche 2011, 467 f, Fig. 11; Zeiler 2012, 622 ff. 580 The early date is strongly advocated by M. Zeiler (2010, 106 ff, Fn. 588 !; idem 2012, 622 ff), who dated the spread of the combed graphite ware to the eastern Celtic areas already to LT B1. 581 Guštin 1984, Fig. 27: 3; Novšak et al. 2006, Fig. 36. 245 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT ljive moderne raziskave srednje- in poznolatenskega naselja na Tribuni v Ljubljani, kjer v najstarejši fazi nigrafitne keramike.582 Najdbe grafitne keramike so torej na Dolenjskem največkrat znane iz poznolatenskih kontekstov. Poznolatensko je tudi grobišče na Rojah pri Moravčah,583 kjer najdemo dobre primerjave fragmentu pokala tipa 3584 iz kompleksa 16 (t. 58: 14).585 Gre za fragment močno profiliranega pivskega posodja, ki je glede na stratigrafske podatke starejši (pril. 11) od latenske keramike z žigosanim okrasom koncentričnih krožcev, ki izvira iz kompleksov 9 (t. 57:19) in 6 (t. 58:2). Prav z žigosanjem okrašeno, fino, na vretenu izdelano keramiko je kot najrelevantnejšo za kronološko opredelitev latenske plasti iz sonde 6 izpostavil Gabrovec.586 Pri tem je datacijo povzemal po Schwappachu, saj je ta v obravnavo latenske žigosane keramike na Dolenjskem vključil tudi fragmente iz sonde 6.587 Poleg že omenjenih fragmentov fine latenske keramike je Schwappach obravnaval še fragment prostoročne posode iz kompleksa 9 (t. 57:20) in pa fragment glinenke iz premešanega kompleksa 14 (t. 56: 14). Pojav latenske žigosane keramike na Dolenjskem je postavil v čas LT B2/C, kar je skušal podpreti z grobno najdbo iz Valične vasi,588 omenja pa tudi grob z Roj pri Moravčah.589 Vendar se zdi njegova datacija z vidika teh dveh grobnih najdb bržkone neutemeljena. Pri najdbah iz Valične vasi namreč grobnih celot sploh ne poznamo,590 medtem ko celotno grobišče z Roj po Božiču sodi v čas poznolatenske stopnje Mokronog IIIa.591 Podobno datacijo pojava žigosanega okrasa pri latenski keramiki na Dolenjskem kažejo novejše najdbe (sl. 62), (2010, 106 ss, Op. 588!; isti 2012, 622ss; ), ki datira širitev z glavničenjem okrašene grafitne keramike na vzhodnokeltskem območju že v čas LT B1. 582 Vojakovic 2014, 71 ss; Gaspari 2014, 104 ss, sl. 106, 107, 109. Več informacij o gradivu z neobjavljenega najdišča so mi posredovali člani raziskovalne skupine iz Arhej, d. o. o. Vsem iskrena hvala. 583 Božič 1999a, 210. 584 Lahko gre za fragment narebrene čaše in ne močno profiliran pokal, kot jih poznamo iz Novega mesta (Knez 1992, t. 35: 8; 42: 16; 48: 6; 50: 5; 53: 7; 58: 6; 64: 6; 65: 2, 9; 69; 5, 8; 70: 6; 77: 10; 79: 7; Božič 2008, t. 27: 1, 2). 585 Prim. Knez 1977, t. 3: 12; 5: 7; 14: 10. 586 Gabrovec 1994, 154, t. 10: (8, 9) in 11; Frey, Gabrovec 1969, 12 ss, sl. 1: (4), 5, 7, 8, (10); 2: (12) = Frey 1969a; Gabrovec et al. 1969, 192, t. 10: (1, 2), 8. = isti 1970. Op.: V oklepaju so navedeni tisti predhodno objavljeni fragmenti, ki pripadajo prostoročno izdelanim posodam ali pa niso okrašeni z žigosanimi koncentričnimi krožci, temveč imajo s koleščkanjem vtisnjen okras. 587 Schwappach 1970-1971, 249 s, Abb. 1: 6, 9, 13, 15 = t. 1: 6, 9; 3: 13, 15. 588 Schwappach 1970-1971, 246 s, sl. 2, t. 4, 5: 1. 589 Schwappach 1970-1971, 242, op. 13 - glej: Knez 1977, t. 6: 5. 590 Teržan 1973, 660. 591 Božič 1999a, 210. La Tene settlement at Tribuna in Ljubljana that did not reveal any finds of graphite ware from earliest phase.582 In fact, graphite ware in Dolenjska is mainly known from Late La Tene contexts. This includes the cemetery at Roje near Moravče,583 where a close comparison for the fragment of a Type 3 goblet584 from Complex 16 (Pl. 58:14)585 was found. Stratigraphic data suggests that this fragment of a moulded drinking vessel is earlier (App. 11) than the La Tene pottery with stamped ring-and-dots from Complexes 9 (Pl. 57:19) and 6 (Pl. 58:2). Gabrovec considered the wheel-thrown stamped fineware as the most relevant for the chronological attribution of the La Tene layer in Trench 6.586 He based the date on the findings of Schwappach, who included the fineware fragments from Trench 6 into his analysis of the La Tene stamped ware in Dolenjska.587 Apart from the already mentioned fragments, Schwappach also discussed the fragment of a hand-built vessel from Complex 9 (Pl. 57: 20) and the fragment of a flask from the mixed Complex 14 (Pl. 56:14). He dated the appearance of La Tene stamped pottery in Dolenjska to LT B2/C, supported by a grave good from Valična vas,588 but also mentioning Grave 45 from Roje near Moravče.589 These two finds, however, are less reliable, as we do not have known grave groups from the Valična vas cemetery,590 while the entire cemetery at Roje dates, according to Božič, to the Late La Tene phase of Mokronog IIIa.591 The late date of the stamped decoration on the La Tene pottery in Dolenjska is confirmed by recent finds (Fig. 62): the fragments from the Late La Tene habitation layers at a number of sites592 and the unpublished 582 Vojakovic 2014, 72 ff; Gaspari 2014, 102 ff, Figs. 106, 107, 109. Additional information on the finds from this largely unpublished site has kindly been provided by the members of the research team of Arhej d.o.o. 583 Božič 1999a, 198. 584 It might also be a fragment of a cordoned beaker rather than a moulded goblet such as are known from Novo mesto (Knez 1992, Pls. 35: 8; 42: 16; 48: 6; 50: 5; 53: 7; 58: 6; 64: 6; 65: 2, 9; 69; 5, 8; 70: 6; 77: 10; 79: 7; Božič 2008, Pl. 27: 1, 2). 585 Cf. Knez 1977, Pls. 3: 12; 5: 7; 14: 10. 586 Gabrovec 1994, 157, Pls. 10: (8, 9) and 11; Frey 1969a, 11 ff, Figs. 1: (4), 5, 7, 8, (10); 2: (12); Gabrovec et al. 1970, 25 ff, Pl. 8: (1, 2), 8. Note: stated in brackets are the already published fragments of hand-built vessels or the fragments not bearing stamped ring-and-dots, but rather roulette decoration. 587 Schwappach 1970-1971, 249 f, Fig. 1: 6, 9, 13, 15 = Pls. 1: 6, 9; 3: 13, 15. 588 Schwappach 1970-1971, 246 f, Fig. 2, Pls. 4, 5: 1. 589 Schwappach 1970-1971, 242, Fn. 13- see: Knez 1977, Pl. 6: 5. 590 Teržan 1973, 694. 591 Božič 1999a, 198. 592 Sitarjevec above Litija, Gradiščica near Jelše, Pančičev vrh below Javor - Pavlin, Dular 2007, Pls. 22: 12, 19; 23: 10, 11; Valična vas - Dular, Breščak 1996, Pl. 3: 14; Cvinger above Korita - Dular et al. 1995, Pl. 16: 11; Gradec near Vinkov vrh 246 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT in sicer tako fragmenti iz poznolatenskih naselbinskih plasti,592 kot tudi neobjavljene grobne najdbe s Kapiteljske njive v Novem mestu,593 iz Brežic594 in še posebej Zago-rice pri Biču.595 Čeprav v grobu 300 iz Novega mesta596 in grobu 28 iz Brežic597 ni bilo kovinskih pridatkov, ki bi omogočali natančnejšo datacijo, je videti, da sodita oba med mlajše grobove na tamkajšnjih grobiščih. Drugače je z grobiščem iz Zagorice, za katerega Božič na podlagi kovinskih najdb ocenjuje, da sodi v čas LT C2/D.598 Pri tem je pomenljivo, da so bile v Zagorici najdene tako glinenke z žigosanim okrasom, ki povsem ustrezajo fragmentu iz kompleksa 6 v sondi 6, kot tudi narebrena čaša, ki jo lahko primerjamo s fragmentom iz kompleksa 16 (t. 58:14). Ne glede na dejstvo, da v latenski plasti iz sonde 6 prevladuje prostoročno izdelana keramika, izstopajo med značilno latensko keramiko predvsem z žigosanjem okrašeni fragmenti. Na podlagi grobnih najdb iz Novega mesta in Brežic je videti, da se tako okrašena keramika na Dolenjskem pojavi proti koncu srednjelatenske stopnje Mokronog Ilb, še pogosteje pa se očitno pojavlja v poznolatenskem obdobju, vendar ostaja datacija plasti na podlagi žigosane latenske keramike zgolj okvirna, saj novejše najdbe še niso ustrezno objavljene in ovrednotene. Poleg tega je že iz stratigrafskih podatkov razvidno, da so za kronološko opredelitev plasti pomembnejše najdbe iz kompleksa 16 (pril. 11). Od žigosane latenske keramike so namreč stratigrafsko starejši: fragment na vretenu dodelanega lonca z glavničenim okrasom (ID 6806/016-011),599 lonec z odebeljenim ustjem (t. 58:12) in profiliran pokal (t. 58:14), ki, če ne gre za povsem premešano plast, narekujejo datacijo v poznolatensko obdobje. grave goods from Kapiteljska njiva in Novo mesto,593 Brežice594 and particularly Zagorica near Bič.595 Grave 300 from Novo mesto596 and Grave 28 from Brežice597 did not include metal goods that would provide a more precise date, but it nevertheless seems that both rank among the late graves at respective cemeteries. As for the cemetery at Zagorica, Božič dates it to LT C2/D on the basis of metal finds.598 This cemetery revealed flasks with stamped decoration, which directly correspond with the fragment from Complex 6 in Trench 6, as well as a moulded goblet comparable with the fragment of such a goblet from Complex 16 (Pl. 58:14). The hand-built pottery represents the bulk of the ceramic finds from the La Tene layer in Trench 6, but the characteristic La Tene pottery also includes stamped fragments. The graves goods from Novo mesto and Brežice suggest that stamped ware appears in Dolenjska towards the end of the Middle La Tene phase of Mokronog IIb, though it is much more common in the Late La Tene period. Considering the fact, however, that these recent investigations have not yet been adequately analysed and published, the above-stated chronological observation should remain preliminary. The information of greater significance for the dating of the La Tene layer in Trench 6 is provided by stratigraphy in the trench, which shows that the finds from Complex 16 (App. 11) predate the La Tene stamped ware. The said complex includes a combed jar finished on the wheel (ID 6806/016-011),599 a jar with a thickened rim (Pl. 58: 12) and a moulded goblet (Pl. 58:14) that, if we accept that the layer is not mixed, suggest a Late La Tene date. KERAMIKA IZ LATENSKIH PLASTI V SONDI 5 V sondi 5 je latenske plasti od objekta, ki je sodil k zidu III, ločeval kamniti tlak. Nad njim je bilo mogoče 592 Sitarjevec nad Litijo, Gradiščica pri Jelšah, Pančičev vrh pod Javorjem - Pavlin, Dular 2007, t. 22: 12, 19; 23: 10, 11; Valična vas - Dular, Breščak 1996, t. 3: 14; Cvinger nad Koriti - Dular et al. 1995, t. 16: 11; Gradec pri Vinkovem vrhu - Dular et al. 1996, t. 22: 12 in celo iz Nauporta (Vrhnike)! -Horvat 1990, t. 13: 7. 593 Križ 2001, 110: 222; isti 2005, 18. 594 Božič 1999b, 153: sl. 2. 595 Šinkovec 2011, t. 2: 5; 3: 7; 8: 7; 11:2; prim. Vičič 2003a. 596 Poleg dveh keramičnih posod, od katerih je ena okrašena z žigosanjem, je bila v grobu 300 najdena še rumena steklena zapestnica. Za podatke o najdbah in relativni dataciji groba gre iskrena zahvala B. Križu in P. Stipančic iz Dolenjskega muzeja v Novem mestu. 597 Jovanovic 2000, 299; ista 2007, 43 in 60: 1. 598 Na najdbe žigosane keramike v Zagorici me je opozoril prav dr. D. Božič, IzA ZRC SAZU, za kar se mu najlepše zahvaljujem. 599 Grahek 2013, 2/245 = 505. POTTERY FROM THE LA TÈNE LAYERS IN TRENCH 5 The La Tène layers in this trench were separated from the building associated with Wall III by a stone paving. The latter was covered by a grey layer (Lt a) and a dark brown layer (Lt b). The date of earlier Layer Lt a is most clearly indicated by the finds from Complexes 105, 107 and 111 (Pls. 69: 9-12; 70; 71), while Complexes 1, - Dular et al. 1996, Pl. 22: 12 and even from Nauportus (Vrhnika) ! - Horvat 1990, Pl. 13: 7. 593 Križ 2001, 110: 222; idem 2005, 18. 594 Božič 1999b, 153: Fig. 2. 595 Šinkovec 2011, Pls. 2: 5; 3: 7; 8: 7; 11:2; cf. Vičič 2003b. 596 The grave revealed two ceramic vessels, one with stamped decoration, as well as a yellow glass bracelet. The information on the finds and the relative date of the grave was provided by B. Križ and P. Stipančic from the Dolenjski muzej in Novo mesto. 597 Jovanovic 2000, 299; idem 2007, 43 and 60: 1. 598 The finds of stamped ware at Zagorica have kindly been brought to my attention by dr. D. Božič, IzA ZRC SAZU. 599 Grahek 2013, 2/245 = 505. 247 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT razlikovati starejšo, sivo obarvano plast in mlajšo, te-mnorjavo plast. Za kronološko opredelitev spodnje, t. i. Lt a plasti so ključne najdbe iz kompleksov 105, 107 in 111 (t. 69: 9-12; 70; 71), medtem ko kompleksi 1, 4-7 in 108 (t. 72:1-15) izhajajo iz vrhnje, t. i. Lt b plasti ter v njej odkritega manjšega vkopa. Predvsem za starejšo latensko plast so značilne naslednje oblike posodja: - glinenke tipa 1 (t. 69:10, 11); - glinenke tipa 5 (t. 70: 7); - glinenke tipa 6 (t. 71:10); - glinenke tipa 9a;600 - glinenke tipa 10;601 - pokal tipa 1 (t. 70: 8); - pokali tipa 2 (t. 69: 9; 70: 6; 71: 7); - sklede tipa 12 (t. 70:10) in - skleda tipa 13 (t. 70: 9). Med okrašeno fino keramiko je treba omeniti še fragment z žigom koncentričnega krožca (t. 71:16) in fragment, ki je imel okras vtisnjen s koleščkanjem (t. 71:17). Za keramiko iz latenskih plasti v sondi 5 je značilno predvsem to, da prevladujejo oblike finega posodja, izdelanega na hitrem lončarskem vretenu (sl. 72, 74). Tako že v starejši plasti zasledimo skoraj vse tipe glinenk, ki so bile pri tipološki obravnavi zaradi velike fragmentarnosti razvrščene le glede na oblikovanost ramen ali glede na obliko vratu in ustja. Ker v večini primerov rekonstrukcija (celih) posod ni mogoča, je močno oteženo tudi sledenje kronološko občutljivim oblikovnim prvinam. Grobne najdbe namreč izpričujejo kronološki razvoj te oblike posodja.602 Težave pri sledenju kronološko občutljivih prvin, ki jih povzroča slaba ohranjenost najdb, lahko najbolje ponazorimo z glinenko tipa 2 (t. 69:12) iz starejše plasti v sondi 5. Povsem primerljiva glinenka je bila namreč najdena v grobu 1 iz Dobove,603 ki je datiran v čas stopnje Mokronog IIa,604 vendar pa imajo enako oblikovana ramena tudi glinenke iz poznolatenskih grobov na Beletovem vrtu v Novem mestu.605 Pri tem je pomenljivo, da se v Stični glinenke tipa 2 najpogosteje pojavljajo v najmlajših plasteh v notranjosti gradišča.606 Podobno velja za glinenke tipa 1, ki jih zaznamuje okras vodoravnih žlebov na ramenih (t. 69:10). Na eni strani jih lahko primerjamo s posodjem iz srednjela- 600 Grahek 2013, 2/236 = 496; ID 6805/111-008. Prim. sl. 44: G 9. 601 Grahek 2013, 2/232 = 492; ID 6805/105-001. Prim. sl. 44: G 10. 602 Prim. Pirkmajer 1991, sl. 46; Guštin et al. 1993, 28 s; Dular, Tomanič Jevremov 2009, 171 in 173; Dizdar 2013, 280 ss, sl. 104, 106-107. Glej tudi Zeiler 2010, 73 ss, Abb. 54-57, 74, 75. 603 Guštin 1977, t. 4: 19. 604 Božič 1987, 872, sl. 44: 19; isti 1999a, 209. 605 Božič 2008, t. 24: 4, 6: 25: 1-11. 606 Grahek 2013, sl. 120. 4-7 and 108 (Pl. 72:1-15) comprise the finds from later Layer Lt b and the pit dug into the earlier layer. The characteristic pottery of the early La Téne layer is: - flasks of Type 1 (Pl. 69:10, 11); - flasks of Type 5 (Pl. 70: 7; cf. Fig. 51: G 5); - flasks of Type 6 (Pl. 71:10; cf. Fig. 51: G 6); - flasks of Type 9a;600 - flasks of Type 10;601 - goblet of Type 1 (Pl. 70: 8); - goblets of Type 2 (Pls. 69: 9; 70: 6; 71: 7); - dishes of Type 12 (Pl. 70:10) and - dish of Type 13 (Pl. 70: 9). The decorated fineware includes two significant finds: a fragment with a stamped ring-and-dot (Pl. 71: 16) and a fragment with roulette decoration (Pl. 71:17). The pottery from the La Téne layers v Trench 5 is marked by a predominance of fineware thrown on the fast wheel (Fig. 72). The early layer yielded nearly all types of flasks, which are highly fragmented and could therefore only be distinguished on the basis of the shape of their shoulders, necks and rims. The reconstruction of whole vessels was for the most part not possible, which also made it more difficult to trace the chronologically sensitive features, as was performed for the flasks found as grave goods.602 These difficulties can best be illustrated with the flasks of Type 2 (Pl. 69: 12) from the early layer in Trench 5: a directly comparable flask has been found in Grave 1 from Dobova,603 dated to Mokronog IIa,604 while the same shoulder form can also be found on the flasks from the graves at Beletov vrt in Novo mesto dated to the Late La Téne period.605 We should mention that the flasks of Type 2 at Stična most frequently appear in the last layers in the hillfort interior.606 A similar observation can be made for the flasks of Type 1 bearing horizontal grooves on the shoulder (Pl. 69:10). They are comparable with the vessels from the Middle La Téne graves at Kapiteljska njiva in Novo mesto,607 Mokronog,608 Formin609 and a flask from 600 Grahek 2013, 2/236 = 496; ID 6805/111-008. Cf. Fig. 44: G 9. 601 Grahek 2013, 2/232 = 492; ID 6805/105-001. Cf. Fig. 44: G 10. 602 Cf. Pirkmajer 1991, Fig. 46; Guštin et al. 1993, 28 f; Dular, Tomanič Jevremov 2009, (171 and 173), 180; Dizdar 2013, 280 ff, Figs. 104, 106-107. Also see Zeiler 2010, 73 ff, Abb. 54-57, 74, 75. 603 Guštin 1977, Pl. 4: 19. 604 Božič 1987, 872, Fig. 44: 19; idem 1999a, 209. 605 Božič 2008, Pls. 24: 4, 6: 25: 1-11. 606 Grahek 2013, Fig. 120. 607 Križ 2005, Pls. 18: 131/1; 23: 138/1; 25: 140/1, 38: 161/2, 34: 163/1, 65: 260/1, 81: 521/2. 608 Guštin 1977, Pl. 13: 9. 609 Pahič 1966, Pl. 12: 2, 4, 7. 248 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT tenskih grobov na Kapiteljski njivi v Novem mestu,607 najdbami iz Mokronoga608 ali iz Formina609 in s primerkom iz groba 1 iz Skorbe,610 na drugi strani pa ima glinenka istega tipa (t. 69: 11) najboljšo primerjavo v grobu 1656/42 iz Mihovega,611 ki z ozirom na okroglo ščitno grbo sodi že v stopnjo Mokronog IIIa.612 Glinenke in tudi druge oblike finega posodja lahko dobro primerjamo predvsem s keramiko iz poznolaten-skih grobov na Rojah pri Moravčah.613 Sicer najdemo v grobu 40 dobre primerjave glinenkam tipa 1614 in gli-nenkam tipa 3615 ter tudi prostoročno izdelanim loncem tipa 21,616 ki še najpogosteje izvirajo iz mlajših plasti v notranjosti stiškega naselja (sl. 55: L 21; 78: 27). V grobu 35 zasledimo primerek pokala tipa 1.617 Poleg tega sta bili v grobu 40 in tudi v grobu 35 najdeni narebreni čaši,618 s katerima lahko primerjamo fragment pokala tipa 3.619 Pokali so značilna oblika poznolatenskega pivskega posodja, pri čemer se kot tipološko starejši tip kažejo neokrašeni oziroma z vodoravnimi gubami ali rebri ne-profilirani pokali.620 Takšen je pokal tipa 1 iz kompleksa 117 (t. 70: 8), ki ga lahko primerjamo s tistim iz groba 1565/23 v Mihovem,621 in pa pokali tipa 2 (t. 69: 9; 70:6; 71: 7). Tudi tem najdemo primerjave v Mihovem: grob 1656/13 in 1661/13.622 Kot mlajša oblika pokalov se kažejo močno profilirani pokali tipa 3 (sl. 44: P 3).623 Mednje sodi tudi bolje ohranjen primerek iz kompleksa 5/107 (t. 70: 5), ki ga lahko dobro primerjamo s pokali iz grobov na Beletovem vrtu v Novem mestu624 ali iz grobov s Strmca nad Belo Cerkvijo.625 Med pokali tipa 3 je lahko nekoliko starejši primerek iz kompleksa 5/111 (t. 71: 6), ki ima dobre primerjave v grobovih iz Mihovega.626 Sklede tipa 12 (t. 70: 11) se uvrščajo med značil-nejše oblike fine keramike iz starejše plasti v sondi 5. 607 Križ 2005, t. 18: 131/1; 23: 138/1; 25: 140/1, 38: 161/2, 34: 163/1, 65: 260/1, 81: 521/2. 608 Guštin 1977, t. 13: 9. 609 Pahič 1966, t. 12: 2, 4, 7. 610 Pahič 1966, t. 14: 4. 611 Windl 1975, t. 18: 10. 612 Božič 1999a, 210 s; isti 1987, 876 ss, sl. 46: 5; Guštin 1977, 72, sl. 2. Prim. Dizdar 2013, 280 ss. 613 Knez 1977; glej tudi Božič 1999a, 210. 614 Knez 1977, t. 5: 8. 615 Knez 1977, t. 5: 5. 616 Knez 1977, t. 5: 6. 617 Knez 1977, t. 3: 15. 618 Knez 1977., t. 3: 12; 5: 7. 619 Grahek 2013, 2/234 = 494; ID 6805/107-037. Prim. t. 58: 14. 620 Guštin 1977, 72 s; t. 20. Glej tudi Guštin 2012, 220 s, Abb.4. 621 Windl 1975, t. 14: 7. 622 Windl 1975, t. 11: 12; 68: 13. 623 Prim Guštin 1977, t. 20: 5-10. 624 Knez 1992, t. 42: 16; 48: 6; 50: 5; 53: 7; 64: 6: 65: 1; 69: 5; 70: 6; 77: 10. 625 Dular A., 1991, t. 56: 16; 59: 9, 29; 60: 16. 626 Windl 1975, t. 14: 11; 24: 28. Grave 1 at Skorba,610 while the closest parallel for one of these flasks (Pl. 69:11) can be found in Grave 1656/42 from Mihovo611 that carries a later date, of Mokronog IIIa, on the basis of the round shield boss.612 The flasks and other forms of fineware are closely comparable with the ceramic grave goods found in the Late La Tene graves at Roje near Moravče.613 Grave 40, for example, yielded parallels for the flasks of Types 1614 and 3,615 but also for the hand-built jars of Type 21,616 most of which at Stična came to light in the late layers in the hillfort interior (Figs. 55: L 21; 78: 27). Grave 35 revealed a goblet of Type 1.617 Graves 40 and 35 yielded a moulded goblet,618 respectively, comparable with the fragment of a Type 3 goblet from Trench 5.619 Goblets represent typical Late La Tene drinking vessels, with the typologically earlier goblets being the plain ones, i.e. not decorated with horizontal indentations or cordons.620 Such is the goblet of Type 1 from Complex 117 (Pl. 70: 8), which is comparable with the goblet found in Grave 1565/23 at Mihovo.621 Such are also the goblets of Type 2 (Pls. 69: 9; 70: 6; 71: 7), which are comparable with the finds from Graves 1656/13 and 1661/13 at Mihovo.622 Decorated, i.e. moulded goblets of Type 3 (Fig. 44: P 3) appear to be later.623 These include the well preserved example from Complex 5/107 (Pl. 70: 5), with close comparisons in the goblets from the graves at Beletov vrt in Novo mesto624 and at Strmec above Bela Cerkev.625 A somewhat earlier goblet of Type 3 is that from Complex 5/111 (Pl. 71: 6), with close parallels from the graves at Mihovo.626 The dishes of Type 12 (Pl. 70: 11) are among the most typical fineware forms from the early layer in Trench 5. They are comparable with the dish from Grave 1 at Skorba,627 but also with the dishes from Graves 39, 36 and VII at Roje near Moravče628 and, at least in 610 Pahič 1966, Pl. 14: 4. 611 Windl 1975, Pl. 18: 10. 612 Božič 1999a, 198 f; idem 1987, 876 ff, Fig. 46: 5; Guštin 1977, 79, Fig. 2. Cf. Dizdar 2013, 280 ff. 613 Knez 1977; also see Božič 1999a, 198. 614 Knez 1977, Pl. 5: 8. 615 Knez 1977, Pl. 5: 5. 616 Knez 1977, Pl. 5: 6. 617 Knez 1977, Pl. 3: 15. 618 Knez 1977, Pls. 3: 12; 5: 7. 619 Grahek 2013, 2/234 = 494; ID 6805/107-037. Cf. Pl. 58: 14 620 Guštin 1977, 79 f; Pl. 20. Also see Guštin 2012, 220 f, Fig. 4. 621 Windl 1975, Pl. 14: 7. 622 Windl 1975, Pls. 11: 12; 68: 13. 623 Cf. Guštin 1977, Pl. 20: 5-10. 624 Knez 1992, Pls. 42: 16; 48: 6; 50: 5; 53: 7; 64: 6: 65: 1; 69: 5; 70: 6; 77: 10. 625 Dular A., 1991, Pls. 56: 16; 59: 9, 29; 60: 16. 626 Windl 1975, Pls. 14: 11; 24: 28. 627 Pahič 1966, Pl. 14: 6. 628 Knez 1977, Pls. 1: 13, 14; 2: 11. 249 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Primerjamo jih lahko s skledo iz groba 1 iz Skorbe,627 na drugi strani pa jim najdemo primerjave v grobovih 39, 36 in VII z Roj pri Moravčah628 ter vsaj po obliki tudi s skledo iz groba 169 z Beletovega vrta v Novem mestu.629 Predvsem v poznolatenskih grobovih, kot so grob 1656/22 in 1657/36 iz Mihovega630 ali grob I z Roj,631 najdemo primerjave tudi skledi tipa 13 (t. 70: 9). Čeprav lahko posamezne tipe fine keramike primerjamo s posodjem iz srednjelatenskih grobov na Kapiteljski njivi v Novem mestu ali iz Dobove in štajerskih grobišč (Formin, Skorba), se že v starejši plasti v sondi 5 pojavljajo tudi značilne oblike poznolatenskega posodja. Mednje nedvomno sodijo pokali in fragmenti loncev z odebeljenimi ustji.632 Gre za grobe, nemalokrat porozne, na vretenu vsaj dodelane lonce, ki so pogosto okrašeni z glavničenjem (t. 70:1, 2,11; 71: 3; 72: 3, 7, 8). Sicer se groba keramika v sondi 5 pogosteje pojavlja v mlajši plasti, kjer so bili najdeni tudi fragmenti grafitne keramike (t. 72:13,14). Čeprav značilna poznolatenska keramika v starejši plasti ni zastopana le s posamičnimi primerki, se postavlja vprašanje, ali ne gre v primeru poznolatenskih oblik, kot so z glavničenjem okrašeni lonci tipa 35c (sl. 41: L 35c), za zamešane najdbe. Starejša plast je bila namreč nesporno prekinjena z vkopom iz mlajše plasti in najdbe so bile tudi premešane. To dokazuje keramika iz samega vkopa, od koder izvira kompleks 5/108 (t. 72: 1-3), pri čemer lahko kot očiten primer omenim že pokal tipa 3 (t. 70: 5).633 Za keramiko iz mlajše plasti v sondi 5 pa ni značilen le občutno povečan delež grobe keramike, temveč se v mlajši plasti pogosteje pojavljajo tudi oblike halštatske keramike, na kar kažejo razmeroma veliki deleži loncev s stožčastim vratom, buč in pa latvic (sl. 74). Ob dejstvu, da so bili v vrhnjem delu plasti odkriti večji kamni, ki bi lahko bili skromni, ruševinski ostanki poznolatenskega zidu,634 gre mlajšo latensko plast iz sonde 5 v celoti obravnavati kot ruševinsko plast iz časa poznolatenskega obzidja. S skromnimi ostanki poznolatenskega zidu, ki so bili odkriti v sondah 17, 16A in 3 ter sondah 13, 12 in 6,635 gre povezovati tudi podrobneje neobravnavane latenske plasti tik pod humusom. Tako, kot je jasna stratigrafija latenskih plasti v sondi 5 (starejša plast a in mlajša plast b), je že iz pregleda keramike po kompleksih razvidno, da se skupaj pojavljajo starejše, srednjelatenske ter tudi mlajše, zanesljivo poznolatenske najdbe.636 Ker to velja tako za starejšo 627 Pahič 1966, t. 14: 6. 628 Knez 1977, t. 1: 13, 14; 2: 11. 629 Knez 1992, t. 59: 5. 630 Windl 1975, t. 14: 3; 35: 11. 631 Knez 1977, t. 2:5. 632 Prim. Dular, Tomanič Jevremov 2009, 171 s, t. 4-7. 633 = ID 6805/111-002, 5/107-015, 5/108-006; glej tudi Grahek 2013, 2/234 ss = 494 ss. 634 Gabrovec 1994, 110. 635 Gabrovec 1994, 148. 636 Na primer kompleks 107: t. 69: 10-12; 70: 1-13. form, with the dish from Grave 169 at Beletov vrt in Novo mesto.629 Graves such as 1656/22 and 1657/36 from Mihovo630 and Grave I from Roje,631 all Late La Tene in date, also provided parallels for the dish of Type 13 (Pl. 70: 9). Individual types of fineware are comparable with the pottery from the Middle La Tene graves at Kapiteljska njiva in Novo mesto and Dobova, as well as the cemeteries in the Štajerska region (Formin, Skorba), though even the early layer in Trench 5 revealed typically Late La Tene pottery. These certainly include goblets and fragments of jars with thickened rims.632 The jars are coarse and often porous, they are at least finished on the wheel and often bearing combed decoration (Pls. 70: 1, 2, 11; 71: 3; 72: 3, 7, 8). Coarseware in Trench 5 was otherwise more commonly found in the late layer, which also yielded fragments of graphite ware (Pl. 72:13,14). Although the typical Late La Tene pottery was present in the early layer with more than just individual examples, we should nevertheless not exclude the possibility of these fragments, also the combed jars of Variant 35c (Fig. 41: L 35c), actually being mixed finds. The reason for this is in the fact that the early layer was pierced by a cut made into the late layer, which caused some mixing, as evidenced by the pottery from the fill of the cut that was joined to form Complex 5/108 (Pl. 72:1-3) and particularly by a goblet of Type 3 (Pl. 70: 5).633 The pottery from the late layer in Trench 5 is characterised not only by a substantial increase in the share of the coarseware, but also by relatively high shares of Hallstatt pottery types like jars with a conical neck, globular jars and dishes with an inturned rim (Fig. 74). Considering the large stones found in the upper part of this layer that may represent the little that remained of the dilapidated Late La Tene rampart,634 we may interpret the late layer as a whole as a debris layer from the time of the Late La Tene rampart. The La Tene layers just under the topsoil in Trenches 17, 16A, 3, as well as Trenches 13, 12 and 6635 may also represent the scarce remains of this rampart. The early and the late La Tene layers in Trench 5 yielded finds that date both to the Middle and the Late La Tene period.636 This means that we must either date both layers to the Late La Tene period or treat them as mixed layers. The typo-chronological differences between the finds are not based on stratigraphy, but only 629 Knez 1992, Pl. 59: 5. 630 Windl 1975, Pls. 14: 3; 35: 11. 631 Knez 1977, Pl. 2:5. 632 Cf. Dular, Tomanič Jevremov 2009, (171 f), 180, Pl. 4-7. 633 = ID 6805/111-002, 5/107-015, 5/108-006; also see Grahek 2013, 2/234 ff = 494 ff.. 634 Gabrovec 1994, 111. 635 Gabrovec 1994, 149. 636 E.g.: Complex 107: Pls. 69: 10-12; 70: 1-13. 250 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT kot tudi mlajšo plast v sondi 5, moramo obe datirati v poznolatenski čas ali pa obe obravnavati kot premešani plasti. Tipološko-kronološke razlike med najdbami namreč niso izpričane stratigrafsko, temveč jih omogočajo le primerjave z grobnimi najdbami z drugih najdišč. Zato lahko zaključim le, da nekatere najdbe nakazujejo obljudenost v srednjem latenu, vendar jih gre obravnavati predvsem kot prežitke iz poznolatenskih plasti. Datacijo v poznolatensko stopnjo Mokronog IIIa narekujejo že dobre primerjave fine keramike s posodjem iz grobov na Rojah pri Moravčah,637 vendar so pomenljive tudi primerjave s keramiko iz grobov na Kapiteljski njivi v Novem mestu,638 kjer se oblike finega latenskega posodja pojavljajo predvsem v grobovih iz časa stopnje LT C2 oziroma Mokronog IIb. Kronološko opredelitev obravnavanih latenskih plasti v čas LT C2/D podpira tudi v vkopu najdena639 železna kolenčasta fibula (sl. 78: 41), ki jo lahko najbolje primerjamo s fibulo v poznolatenskem grobu 1656/40 iz Mihovega.640 NAJDBE IZ LATENSKIH TLAKOV NA ZUNANJEM POBOČJU Poleg latenske plasti iz notranjega dela sonde 6 je bil na zunanjem pobočju odkrit še kamnit tlak, ki pa je bil delno uničen z recentno teraso (pril. 11). Kljub temu je bilo razvidno, da gre za več nivojev tlaka, iz katerega pa izvira le malo keramičnih najdb.641 Enako velja za latenske tlake, odkrite v drugih sondah, in sicer gre za dva nivoja kamnitega tlaka, odkritega v sondah 2 in 8, ter tri tlake, odkrite v sondah 16B, 4b. Najverjetneje gre na tri nivoje latenskega tlaka računati tudi v primeru sonde 6. Kamniti tlaki so bili v sondah 2, 8 in 10 namreč odkriti vrh zemljenega nasipa k zidu III, medtem ko v sondah iz južnega dela stiškega gradišča nasip k zidu III ni bil odkrit. To velja tudi za sonde 16B, 4b in 6 (sl. 75). Čeprav iz kamnitih tlakov izvira le malo naj db, pa še pri teh gre večinoma za posamične, tipološko opredeljive najdbe, je iz pregleda deleža tipov posodja po posameznih tlakih v sondah 16B in 4b razvidno, da se v plasti najstarejšega tlaka 1 pojavlja predvsem halštatska keramika (t. 58: 28, 29).642 Od značilne latenske keramike zasledimo fragment pitosa tipa 3 (ID 6904b/082-001)643 in fragment prostoročno izdelanega lonca z glavničenim okrasom 637 Knez 1977. 638 Križ 2005. Med najstarejše grobove s fino keramiko, oblikovano na hitrem lončarskem vretenu, sodijo grobovi 117, 133 in 143 (Križ 2005, T. 11: 117/1; 20: 133/1; 25: 143/1), ki jih Cestnikova uvršča v 2. stopnjo (= LT C1a) latenskega grobišča na Kapiteljski njivi (Cestnik 2014, 381). 639 Gabrovec 1994, 168. 640 Windl 1975, t. 18: 4. 641 Grahek 2013, 2/260 = 520; ID 6806/071-001. 642 Grahek 2013, sl. 122. 643 Grahek 2013, 2/276 = 536. on the comparisons with the Late La Tene grave goods from other sites. I therefore conclude that the La Tene finds from Trench 5 might indicate at least some habitation in the Middle La Tene period, but mostly date to the Late La Tene period. A more precise date to the Late La Tene Mokronog IIIa phase is evidenced by close comparisons of the fineware with that from the graves at Roje near Moravče,637 with the parallels from the graves at Kapiteljska njiva in Novo mesto also of importance,638 as they mainly appear in the graves of LT C2 or Mokronog IIb. The attribution of the discussed La Tene layers to LT C2/D is further corroborated by the iron knee fibula (Fig. 78: 41) found in the fill of the cut,639 which is most closely comparable with the fibula from the Late La Tene Grave 1656/40 in Mihovo.640 FINDS FROM THE LA TÉNE PAVINGS ON THE EXTERIOR SLOPE Apart from the La Tene layer in the interior part, Trench 6 also revealed a stone paved area on the slope outside the hillfort; the paving was partially destroyed by a recent terrace (App. 11). The surviving part clearly showed several levels that yielded very few ceramic finds.641 The same is true of the La Tene pavings in other trenches, more precisely two levels of a stone paving in Trenches 2 and 8 and three pavings in Trenches 16B and 4b. Trench 6 probably also revealed three levels. The pavings in Trenches 2, 8 and 10 were unearthed above an earthwork associated with Wall III, while such earthwork was found neither in the trenches in the southern part of the rampart nor in Trenches 16B, 4b and 6 (Fig. 75). The few finds from the stone pavings are typo-logically determinable and came to light individually. Those from Trenches 16B and 4b show that the layer of the earliest Paving 1 are mostly Hallstatt in date (Pl. 58: 28, 29),642 while the typically La Tene pottery is represented by the fragment of a Type 3 pithos (ID 6904b/082-001)643 and the fragment of a hand-built combed jar of Type 34 (ID 6904b/080-006).644 Characteristically Hallstatt pottery, such as pithoi of Type 2 637 Knez 1977. 638 Križ 2005. The earliest graves with fineware made on the fast wheel are Graves 117, 133 and 143 (Križ 2005, Pls. 11: 117/1; 20: 133/1; 25: 143/1) that Cestnik attributes to the second phase (= LT C1a) of the La Tene cemetery at Kapiteljska njiva (Cestnik 2014, 395). 639 Gabrovec 1994, 169. 640 Windl 1975, Pl. 18: 4. 641 Grahek 2013, 2/260 = 520; ID 6806/071-001. 642 Grahek 2013, Fig. 122. 643 Grahek 2013, 2/276 = 536. 644 Grahek 2013, 2/276 = 536. 251 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT sonda/Trench 16 B južni del / S section sonda/Trench 4 b sonda/Trench 6 sonda/Trench 2 sonda/Trench 8 zid/Walll • • • Ha earthworks zid/WallN • ? • • zid/Wall III • • latenski tlaki / La Tene pavings tlak/Paving 1 tlak/Paving 1 več slojev/ Several layers 2 sloja / 2 Layers 2 sloja/2 Layers tlak/Paving 2 tlak/Paving 2 tlak /Paving 3 tlak/Paving 3 Sl. 75: Primerjalna tabela nasipov k halštatskim zidovom in latenskih tlakov. Fig. 75: Comparative table of the earthworks associated with individual Hallstatt walls and of the La Tene pavings. Sl. 76: Fibule srednjelatenske sheme (po Gabrovcu 1994, t. 12: 13; 13: 7, 15: 12). Fig. 76: The fibulae of the Middle La Tene scheme from the Stična hillfort (after Gabrovec 1994, t. 12: 13; 13: 7, 15: 12). tipa 34 (ID 6904b/080-006).644 Izrazito halštatska keramika, kot so pitosi tipa 2 (ID 7016B/014-002, 7016B/ tlak-00 5)645 in ciboriji tipa 1 (ID 7016B/006-007),646 se pojavlja še v plasti drugega kamnitega tlaka, vendar je bil tu najden tudi fragment grafitne keramike (ID 7016B/015-001) in pokala tipa 3 (ID 7016B/014-001).647 Čeprav iz tlakov izvira le malo keramičnih najdb, je za datacijo pomembna najdba fragmenta pokala. Ker ta izvira že iz najstarejšega tlaka v sondi 4b, se nakazuje, da sodijo najverjetneje vsi latenski tlaki v poznolatensko obdobje. Takšno datacijo narekujeta tudi najdbi bronastih fibul srednjelatenske sheme s ploščatim lokom in samostrelno peresovino iz kompleksa 2/95 (sl. 76: 1) in kompleksa 8/88 (sl. 76: 2). Slednji enaka fibula je bila najdena še v sondi 13 (sl. 76: 3).648 Medtem ko fibuli iz sonde 2 in 8 izvirata iz plasti spodnjega kamnitega tlaka, sodi tretja fibula v kompleks 13/8, ki vsebuje najdbe iz spodnjega dela v sondi 13 odkrite latenske plasti, v kateri so ležali tudi skromni ostanki latenskega obzidja. 644 Grahek 2013, 2/276 = 536. 645 Grahek 2013, 2/381 s = 641 s. 646 Grahek 2013, 2/380 = 640. 647 Grahek 2013, 2/381 s = 641 s. 648 Guštin 1977, 72; Božič 1999a, 210, Dizdar 2013, 251. (ID 7016B/014-002, 7016B/ tlak-00 5)645 and footed bowls of Type 1 (ID 7016B/006-007),646 was also found in the layer of Paving 2, together with a graphite ware fragment (ID 7016B/015-001) and a goblet of Type 3 (ID 7016B/014-001).647 The sherd that is of importance for the dating of the stone pavings belongs to a goblet. It was found in the earliest paving in Trench 4b, which suggests that most probably all the La Tene pavings date to the Late La Tene period. Such attribution is corroborated by two bronze fibulae of the Middle La Tene scheme with a flat bow and a long spring that form part of Complexes 2/95 (Fig. 76: 1) and 8/88 (Fig. 76: 2), respectively. Another fibula, the same as the one from Complex 8/88, was found in Trench 13 (Fig. 76: 3).648 The first two fibulae, from Trenches 2 and 8, were recovered in the layer of the lowest stone paving, while the third one forms part of Complex 13/8 that consists of the finds from the lower part of the La Tene layer excavated in Trench 13, which also revealed scarce remains of the La Tene rampart. 645 Grahek 2013, 2/381 f = 641 f. 646 Grahek 2013, 2/380 = 640. 647 Grahek 2013, 2/381 f = 641 f. 648 Guštin 1977, 79 f; Božič 1999a, 198; Dizdar 2013, 251. 252 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT KERAMIKA IZ LATENSKIH PLASTI V NOTRANJOSTI NASELJA V nasprotju z večino sond, izkopanih na zunanjem robu stiškega gradišča, so bile latenske plasti v sondah, izkopanih v naselju, bolje ohranjene. Predvsem je jasnejša njihova stratigrafija, ki omogoča ločevanje dveh stopenj tako v sondah iz prečnega obzidja kot tudi v sondi na zahodni terasi (sl. 77). Za opredelitev stopnje k prečnemu zidu 1 so ključnega pomena najdbe iz kompleksov 2, 3 in 14-19 iz sonde 9 (t. 88; 89:1-3), kompleksov 5, 8, 16 in 17 iz sonde 18 (t. 79: 1-7) ter kompleksov 5-7, 16, 23, 25, 26, 36 in 37 iz sonde 19 (t. 85: 11, 12; 86; 87: 1-5), za ovrednotenje stopnje prečnega zidu 2 pa kompleksi 5, 6 in 9 iz sonde 9 (t. 89: 4-19), kompleksi 3, 6, 7 in 14 iz sonde 18 (t. 80: 8-14) ter kompleksi 2, 3, 13, 34 in 35 iz sonde 19 (t. 87: 6-22). Opredelitev stopnje pred postavitvijo zidu v sondi 11 na zahodni terasi omogočajo najdbe iz kompleksov 10-12 in 15-18 (t. 90: 5-12; 92; 93: 1-13); za datacijo stopnje tamkajšnjega zidu pa so pomembni kompleksi 2-5 in 7-9 (t. 93: 14-26; 94; 95: 1-22), vendar bom latenski stopnji z zahodne terase obravnavala v okviru stopenj prečnih zidov (sl. 77). V okviru stopnje prečnega zidu 1 bom tako obravnavala tudi keramiko iz plasti pred postavitvijo zidu na zahodni terasi, keramika iz plasti k zidu iz sonde 11 pa bo obravnavana skupaj z najdbami iz plasti k prečnemu zidu 2. Da gre pri tem za upravičeno povezavo, je mogoče zaznati že pri splošnem pregledu keramike po posameznih plasteh oziroma stopnjah, ki daje zelo enoten vtis (sl. 72-74). Kot bom pokazala v nadaljevanju, predvsem kovinske najdbe nakazujejo, da gre tudi za kronološko pogojeno in ne zgolj na podlagi stratigrafskega zaporedja smiselno povezavo. Čeprav keramika iz latenskih plasti v notranjosti naselja daje razmeroma enoten vtis, pa je tipološko-sta-tistična obravnava najdb omogočila zaznavanje posameznih razlik (prim sl. 55). Na podlagi primerjav deleža najdb posameznih keramičnih tipov se namreč kažejo težnje, da so za stopnjo starejšega zidu 1 značilnejši: - grafitni lonci tipa 36 (sl. 78: 1-6);649 - z glavničenjem okrašeni, prostoročno izdelani lonci tipa 34a (sl. 78: 7-9); - lonci tipa 35d (sl. 78: 10); - lonci z odebeljenim, visokim robom ustja tipa 37 in 38 (sl. 78: 11-13); - lonci tipa 41 (sl. 78: 16); - lonci tipa 42 (sl. 78: 14, 15); 649 Na sliki 78 so, ne oziraje se na stratigrafsko lego oziroma mesto izkopa najdbe izrisanega kosa, predstavljeni najznačilnejši primerki posameznega tipa posodja. Kovinske najdbe iz latenskih plasti so predstavljene po Gabrovcu 1994: 41 = t. 12: 30; 42 = t. 16: 29; 43 = t. 16: 36; 44 = t. 14: 15; 45 = t. 13: 24; 46 = t. 13: 29; 47 = t. 16: 46; 48 = t. 13: 17; 49 = t. 13: 18. POTTERY FROM THE LA TENE LAYERS IN THE HILLFORT INTERIOR Contrary to most of the trenches on the rampart, the La Tene layers in the hillfort interior were better preserved. Particularly clearer is their stratigraphy, which enables us to distinguish between two phases at the crosswall and on the western terrace (Fig. 77). The finds significant for the dating of the first crosswall phase are those in Complexes 2, 3 and 14-19 from Trench 9 (Pls. 88; 89:1-3), Complexes 5, 8, 16 and 17 from Trench 18 (Pl. 79:1-7) and Complexes 5-7, 16, 23, 25, 26, 36 and 37 from Trench 19 (Pls. 85:11,12; 86; 87:1-5). The finds that provide the date for the second crosswall phase form Complexes 5, 6 and 9 from Trench 9 (Pl. 89: 4-19), Complexes 3, 6, 7 and 14 from Trench 18 (Pl. 80:8-14) and Complexes 2, 3, 13, 34 and 35 from Trench 19 (Pl. 87: 6-22). The finds that determine the phase prior to the construction of the wall on the western terrace in Trench 11 form Complexes 10-12 and 15-18 (Pls. 90: 5-12; 92; 93:1-13), while those that date the wall itself form Complexes 2-5 and 7-9 (Pls. 93:14-26; 94; 95: 1-22). For a clearer picture, I will treat the two La Tene phases on the western terrace in relationship with the crosswall phases (Fig. 77). The pottery from the layer predating the construction of the wall on the western terrace is correlated with the phase of the first crosswall, while the pottery from the layer associated with the wall in Trench 11 is treated together with the finds from the layers associated with the second crosswall. Such a correlation is substantiated by the homogenous character of the ceramic finds from individual layers (Figs. 72-74). Moreover, the metal finds reveal this to be a chronological and not merely stratigraphic division. In spite of the homogenous character, the typo-statistical analysis revealed certain differences (cf. Figs. 55). The comparison of the shares of individual pottery types revealed that the characteristic pottery of the first crosswall phase is: - graphite ware jars of Type 36 (Fig. 78: 1-6);649 - hand-built combed jars of Variant 34a (Fig. 78: 7-9); - jars of Variant 35d (Fig. 78: 10); - jars with a high thickened rim of Types 37 and 38 (Fig. 78: 11-13); - jars of Type 41 (Fig. 78: 16); - jars of Type 42 (Fig. 78: 14, 15); - hand-built globular jars of Variant 11a (Fig. 78: 17); - flasks of Type 7 (Fig. 78: 19, 20); - flasks of Type 8 (Fig. 78: 18) and 649 Figure 78 presents the most typical examples of individual pottery types regardless of their stratigraphie position. The metal finds from the La Tène layers after Gabrovec 1994: 41 = Pl. 12: 30; 42 = Pl. 16: 29; 43 = Pl. 16: 36; 44 = Pl. 14: 15; 45 = Pl. 13: 24; 46 = Pl. 13: 29; 47 = Pl. 16: 46; 48 = Pl. 13: 17; 49 = Pl. 13: 18. 253 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT sonda/Trench 9 prečno obzidje /Crosswall sonda/Trench 18 sonda/Trench 19 zahodna terasa / West terrace sonda /Trench 11 stopnjalatenskega zidu 1/ Phase of crosswall 1 plast a/Layer a zid 1 / plast a / Layer a fm«wall 1 "la5tb/L^b plastc / Layerc plast k zidu 1 / Layer to crosswall 1 pred zidom na plast a / Layer a zahodni terasi/ Crosswall 1 plast b / Layer b Phase prior construction of wall on W terrace plast b / Layer b stopnjalatenskega zidu 2/ Phase of crosswall 2 plast a/Layer a zid 2/ plast k zidu 2 / Layer to crosswall 2 plast a/Layer a zid 2/ Wall plast c/Layer c Crosswall 2 plast b / Layer b Crosswall 2 plast b / Layer b Sl. 77: Primerjalna tabela latenskih plasti iz posameznih sond v notranjosti naselja. Fig. 77: Comparative table of the La Tène layers in the trenches excavated in the hillfort interior. - kroglasti, prostoročno izdelani lonci tipa 11a (sl. 78: 17); - glinenke tipa 7 (sl. 78: 19, 20); - glinenke tipa 8 (sl. 78: 18) in - sklede tipa 12 (sl. 78: 21, 22). Bolj značilni za stopnjo mlajšega zidu 2 se kažejo: - lonci tipa 35 (sl. 78: 29-31); - z metličenjem okrašeni lonci tipa 34b (sl. 78: 28); - prostoročno izdelani lonci tipa 15 (sl. 78: 25); - trebušasti lonci tipa 17 (sl. 78: 26); - tulipanasti lonci tipa 21 (sl. 78: 27); - lonci tipa 23 (sl. 78: 24); - lonci tipa 39 (sl. 78: 32, 33); - lonci tipa 40 (sl. 78: 34); - lonci tipa 44 (sl. 78: 35); - pitosi tipa 3 (sl. 78: 23); - glinenke tipa 2 (sl. 78: 40); - glinenke tipa 4 (sl. 78: 38); - vrči tipa 2 (sl. 78: 39); - vodoravno profilirani pokali tipa 3 (sl. 78: 36) in - sklede tipa 14 (sl. 78: 37). Nedvomno so najznačilnejši keramični tip iz latenskih plasti v notranjosti naselja z glavničenjem ali metličenjem okrašeni lonci (sl. 786: 4-10, 28-31). Predvsem prostoročno izdelani lonci tipa 34 (sl. 41: L 34) imajo dobre primerjave v poznolatenskih grobovih 1656/27, 1657/7, 1657/27, 1657/36 iz Mihovega.650 Razmeroma pogosto so zastopani tudi na poznolatenskem oziroma zgodnjerimskem grobišču Beletov vrh v Novem mestu.651 Na drugi strani pa na vretenu oblikovanih, največkrat le dodelanih loncev z glavničenim okrasom v grobovih ne zasledimo. To velja predvsem za oblike grobih, poroznih loncev z odebeljenim robom ustja (sl. 41: L 35c), ki so tako kot neokrašeni lonci tipa 37 in 38 (sl. 42: L 37, L 38) 650 Windl 1975, t. 15: 12, 13; 26: 7; 32: 5; 35: 10. 651 Knez 1992, t. 1: 1; 10: 6; 22: 4; 40: 17, 18; 41: 1, 9; 42: 15; 43: 2; 44: 7; 46: 5; 48: 2, 4; 49: 10; 50: 2; 52: 3; 53: 5; 54: 3; 62: 3, 6; 63: 3, 8; 64: 2, 4, 10; 66: 11; 70: 2, 9; 73: 12; 74: 12; 75: 11; 76: 13. - dishes of Type 12 (Fig. 78: 21, 22). The characteristic pottery of the second crosswall phase is: - jars of Type 35 (Fig. 78: 29-31); - brushed jars of Variant 34b (Fig. 78: 28); - hand-built jars of Type 15 (Fig. 78: 25); - belly-shaped jars of Type 17 (Fig. 78: 26); - tulip-shaped jars of Type 21 (Fig. 78: 27); - jars of Type 23 (Fig. 78: 24); - jars of Type 39 (Fig. 78: 32, 33); - jars of Type 40 (Fig. 78: 34); - jars of Type 44 (Fig. 78: 35); - pithoi of Type 3 (Fig. 78: 23); - flasks of Type 2 (Fig. 78: 40); - flasks of Type 4 (Fig. 78: 38); - jugs of Type 2 (Fig. 78: 39); - horizontally moulded goblets of Type 3 (Fig. 78: 36) and - dishes of Type 14 (Fig. 78: 37). The most characteristic pottery types of the La Tene layers in the hillfort interior are the jars decorated with either combing or brushing (Fig. 78: 4-10, 28-31). They, particularly the hand-built jars of Type 34 (Fig. 41: L 34), have close comparisons in the Late La Tene Graves 1656/27, 1657/7, 1657/27 and 1657/36 from Mihovo.650 They are also relatively frequent in the Late La Tene-Early Roman cemetery at Beletov vrh in Novo mesto.651 However, graves have not yielded the wheel-thrown (or most often only wheel-finished) combed jars. This is particularly true of the coarse and porous jars with a thickened rim (Fig. 41: L 35c) that are, similarly as the plain jars of Types 37 and 38 (Fig. 42: L 37, L 38) often called 'Aureberg jars' because of their similarity with the (Early) Roman coarseware.652 650 Windl 1975, Pls. 15: 12, 13; 26: 7; 32: 5; 35: 10. 651 Knez 1992, Pls. 1: 1; 10: 6; 22: 4; 40: 17, 18; 41: 1, 9; 42: 15; 43: 2; 44: 7; 46: 5; 48: 2, 4; 49: 10; 50: 2; 52: 3; 53: 5; 54: 3; 62: 3, 6; 63: 3, 8; 64: 2, 4, 10; 66: 11; 70: 2, 9; 73: 12; 74: 12; 75: 11; 76: 13. 652 Pavlin, Dular 2007, 96, Pl. 23: 5; cf. Ulbert 1965, 87 ff, 254 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT stopnja prečnega zidu 1 / Phase of crosswall 1 stopnja prečnega zidu 2 / Phase of crosswall 2 f r™\ 25 Sl. 78: Značilne oblike keramike stopnje prečnega zidu 1 (1-22) in stopnje prečnega zidu 2 (23-40). Kovinske najdbe po Gabrovcu 1994. Fig. 78: Characteristic pottery of the first (1-22) and second crosswall phases (23-40). The metal finds after Gabrovec 1994. 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT zaradi podobnosti z grobo (zgodnje-)rimsko keramiko nemalokrat imenovani kar "auerberški lonci".652 Iz grobnih kontekstov ne poznamo grafitne keramike, ki je tudi običajno okrašena z glavničenjem. Izjemi sta lonec iz srednjelatenskega grobišča v Forminu653 in fragmentarno ohranjen lonec iz prav tako srednjelaten-skega groba K 44 v Kandiji v Novem mestu.654 Sicer se grafitna keramika na najdiščih s širšega srednjeevropskega prostora pojavi že v času LT B2, vendar pa se z glavničenjem okrašeni grafitni lonci uveljavijo šele v času stopnje LT C, predvsem LT C2. Z glavničenjem okrašeni grafitni lonci so razmeroma pogosti v poznolatenskem obdobju, le redko jih zasledimo tudi še med rimsko naselbinsko keramiko.655 Na drugi strani omogoča primerjave z dobro datiranimi grobnimi celotami fina keramika, ki pa se bistveno ne razlikuje od fine keramike iz latenskih plasti v sondi 5.656 Zato sem kot značilno keramiko stopnje zidu 1 najprej omenila glinenke tipa 7 in 8 (sl. 78: 18-20). Pravzaprav gre le za ustja posod s širokimi rameni, ki jih lahko primerjamo s kroglasto oblikovanimi posodami iz poznolatenskih grobov 1b, I in A z Roj pri Moravčah.657 Kot značilnejši za stopnjo prečnega zidu 2 se kažejo močno profilirani pokali tipa 3 (sl. 78: 36) in sloko oblikovane glinenke tipa 2 (sl. 78: 40),658 ki imajo ožji vrat, s čimer se približujejo glinenkam tipa 4 (sl. 78: 38). Tako pokalom kot tudi glinenkam najdemo dobre primerjave med keramiko s poznolatenskih oziroma zgodnjerimskih grobišč v Novem mestu.659 V najmlajših latenskih grobovih iz Novega mesta najdemo primerjave tudi za pitose tipa 3 (sl. 78: 23).660 Pitosi veljajo za značilno obliko poznolatenske naselbinske keramike, zasledimo pa jih tudi še med zgodnjerimsko keramiko 1. stol. po Kr.661 Zaradi slabe ohranjenosti ni mogoče ugotoviti, ali se na zgodnjerimsko keramiko navezujejo tudi trakasti 652 Pavlin, Dular 2007, 83, t. 23: 5; prim. Ulbert 1965, 87 ss, Flugel 1999, 77 ss; Flugel, Schneider 2001, 84 ss; Donat, Maggi 2007, 151 ss; Dular, Tomanič Jevremov 2009, 171 ss. 653 Pahič 1966, t. 12: 8. 654 Megaw, Megaw 2009, sl. 2: 2. 655 Kappel 1969, 53 ss; Waldhauser 1992, 385 ss; Dizdar 2001, 83 ss; Donat et al. 2007, 96 ss; Hlava 2008, 197 ss; Trebsche 2011, 462, Abb. 9; Zeiler 2012, 622 ss, Abb. 3. 656 Grahek 2013, sl. 120. 657 Knez 1977, t. 1: 3; 2: 6; 4: 6. 658 Ker slabše ohranjeni primerki glinenk iz plasti stopnje prečnega zidu 2 niso bili izrisani, je na sliki 78 predstavljena bolje ohranjena glinenka (sl. 78: 40 = t. 69: 12), ki izvira iz starejše latenske plasti v sondi 5. Iz sonde 5 izvira tudi na sliki 78 predstavljen primerek močno profiliranega pokala tipa 3 (sl. 78: 51 = t. 70: 5). 659 Knez 1992, t. 50: 5; 51: 8; 53: 7; 57: 1; 59: 6; 62: 10, 12; 64: 6; 65: 2 idr.; Božič 2008, t. 11: 1; 24: 1-8; 25: 1-6; 27: 1, 2. 660 Knez 1992, t. 13: 12; 26: 12; 53: 10; 62: 11; Božič 2008, t. 26: 9, 10. 661 Dular, Tomanič Jevremov 2009, 171 in 173; Dizdar 2001, 70; Urban 1996, 199 s; Abb. 2; Bonis 1969, 191 s. Funerary contexts also failed to yield graphite ware, which is usually combed as well. The two exceptions are a jar from the Middle La Tene cemetery at Formin653 and a fragmented jar from Grave K 44 at Kandija in Novo mesto, also from the Middle La Tene period.654 Graphite ware appears across central Europe in LT B2, but the graphite ware jars with combed decoration only really come into use in LT C and are most common in LT C2. Combed graphite ware jars are relatively frequent in the Late La Tene period and are only rarely to be found among the Roman settlement pottery.655 Apart from the graphite ware, finds of fineware are also chronologically significant and have parallels among the grave goods. The fineware does not show marked differences in relation to that from the La Tene layers in Trench 5.656 For that reason, the flasks of Types 7 and 8 (Fig. 78: 18-20) are mentioned first as characteristic of the first crosswall phase. These are actually merely the rims of vessels with a wide shoulder that are comparable with the globular vessels from the Late La Tene Graves 1b, I and A from Roje near Moravče.657 The fineware vessels characteristic of the second crosswall phase are the moulded goblets of Type 3 (Fig. 78: 36) and the slender flasks of Type 2 (Fig. 78: 40)658 with a constricted neck that makes them comparable with the flasks of Type 4 (Fig. 78: 38). Close parallels for both the goblets and the flasks are to be found among the goods from the Late La Tene-Early Roman cemeteries in Novo mesto.659 The earliest La Tene graves in Novo mesto also yielded parallels for the pithoi of Type 3 (Fig. 78: 23).660 These are typical forms of the Late La Tene settlement pottery that can be traced into the Roman period of the 1st century AD.661 The poor condition of the finds prevented us from determining whether the strap handles of the Type 2 Flügel 1999, 77 ff; Flügel, Schneider 2001, 84 ff; Donat, Maggi 2007, 151 ff; Dular, Tomanič Jevremov 2009, (171 ff), 180. 653 Pahič 1966, Pl. 12: 8. 654 Megaw, Megaw 2009, Fig. 2: 2. 655 Kappel 1969, 53 ff; Waldhauser 1992, 385 ff; Dizdar 2001, (83 ff), 117 ff; Donat et al. 2007, 96 ff; Hlava 2008, 197 ff; Trebsche 2011, 462, Abb. 9; Zeiler 2012, 622 ff, Abb. 3. 656 Grahek 2013, Fig. 120. 657 Knez 1977, Pls. 1: 3; 2: 6; 4: 6. 658 The poorly preserved flasks from the layer associated with the second crosswall have not been drawn, hence Figure 78 presents a well-preserved flask (Fig. 78: 40 = Pl. 69: 12) from the early La Tene layer in Trench 5. This trench also yielded a moulded goblet of Type 3 that is presented on Figure 78 (Fig. 78: 51 = Pl. 70: 5). 659 Knez 1992, Pls. 50: 5; 51: 8; 53: 7; 57: 1; 59: 6; 62: 10, 12; 64: 6; 65: 2 and so forth.; Božič 2008, Pls. 11: 1; 24: 1-8; 25: 1-6; 27: 1, 2. 660 Knez 1992, Pls. 13: 12; 26: 12; 53: 10; 62: 11; Božič 2008, Pls. 26: 9, 10. 661 Dular, Tomanič Jevremov 2009, (171 and 173), 180; Dizdar 2001, (70), 117 ff; Urban 1996, 199 f; Fig. 2; Bónis 1969, 191 f. 256 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT ročaji vrčev tipa 2. Čeprav se vrči, oblikovani na hitrem vretenu, kažejo kot značilnejši za stopnjo prečnega zidu 2 (sl. 55), izvira iz plasti pred postavitvijo zidu v sondi 11 dobro ohranjen dvoročajni vrč (sl. 78: 39 = t. 91: 4). Gre za posamičen primerek, ki ga lahko primerjamo z vrčem s Starega gradu,662 medtem ko so rdeče ali svetlo rjavo žgani dvoročajni vrči iz grobov v Mihovem663 in na Beletovem vrtu v Novem mestu664 že rimskodobni. Keramika iz plasti v notranjem delu naselja te nedvomno datira v poznolatensko obdobje oziroma v čas stopnje Mokronog III, vendar pri tem ne omogoča nadaljnje podrobnejše kronološke členitve. Kljub temu da med posodjem iz starejših in mlajših plasti ni bistvenih razlik, pa bi začetek stopnje prečnega zidu 1 lahko postavili v čas LT C2-LT D1. Takšno datacijo na eni strani podpira za stopnjo zidu 1 značilnejša grafitna keramika, na drugi strani pa ne gre spregledati dejstva, da se predvsem v starejših plasteh iz notranjosti naselja pojavlja tudi fina latenska keramika, okrašena z žigosanimi koncentričnimi krožci (t. 87:13, 88:14; 89:13; sl. 59: O 24 b,d). Na d rugi strani imajo posamezni keramični tipi iz plasti prečnega zidu 2 dobre primerjave med keramiko s poznolatenskega oziroma-zgodnjerimskega grobišča Beletov vrt v Novem mestu. Datacija prečnega zidu 1 v stopnjo Mokronog IIIa in prečnega zidu 2 v stopnjo Mokronog IIIb se zdi na osnovi trenutno poznanega keramičnega gradiva še najsprejemljivejša. Takšen kronološki okvir namreč podpirajo kovinske najdbe, in sicer kaže na čas stopnje Mokronog IIIa tako bronast gumb z mrežasto okrašeno bradavičko iz kompleksa 18/4 (sl. 78: 42)665 kot tudi fibula vrste Nauheim s preluknjano nogo po Božiču (sl. 78: 44).666 Medtem ko gumb nedvomno izhaja iz plasti k prečnemu zidu 1, je bila fibula najdena v sondi 11, izkopani na zahodni terasi. Čeprav fibula izhaja iz kompleksa 11/24,667 ki vsebuje najdbe iz t. i. halštatske jame 7, je iz terenske dokumentacije povsem razvidno, da je bila fibula pravzaprav najdena nad samo jamo, torej že v latenski plasti a. Poleg bronastega gumba je bila v okviru kompleksa 18/4, ki izvira iz mlajše plasti k zidu 1, deloma pa vsebuje tudi že najdbe, ki jih lahko povezujemo s prečnim zidom 2, najdena še bronasta fibula vrste Beletov vrt (sl. 78: 43). Sodi v mlajši del stopnje Mokronog IIIa, morda celo že v starejši del stopnje Mokronog IIIb,668 in tako označuje konec stopnje prečnega zidu 1 oziroma jasno nakazuje, da gre izgradnjo prečnega zidu 2 postavljati v čas stopnje Mokronog IIIb. 662 Guštin et al. 1993, 29, sl. 8: 18, 23. 663 Windl 1975, t. 29: 15; 42: 21. 664 Božič 2008, t. 14: 1. 665 Božič 1993, 139 ss; sl. 2: 6; isti 1999, 210 s. 666 Božič 2008, 58 ss; isti 1999, 210; isti 1993, 141 ss; sl. 4: 5. 667 Gabrovec 1994, 170, t. 14: 15. 668 Božič 2008, 114; isti 1999, 210. jugs also appear among the Roman period pottery. The jugs thrown on the fast wheel appear to be typical of the second crosswall phase (Fig. 55), though a well-preserved two-handled jug was found in the layer predating the construction of the wall in Trench 11 (Fig. 78: 39 = Pl. 91: 4). This jug is comparable with that from Stari grad,662 while the red or light brown fired two-handled jugs from the graves at Mihovo663 and Beletov vrt in Novo mesto664 already date to the Roman period. The pottery from the layers in the hillfort interior certainly dates to Late La Tene period or the Mokronog III phase, but does not allow us to make more precise chronological distinctions as there are no marked differences between the finds from the early and those from the late layers. We can, however, place the beginning of the first crosswall phase to LT C2-LT D1. Such a date is corroborated by the graphite ware that is more typical of the first crosswall phase, as well as the fact that the La Tene fineware with stamped ring-and-dots (Pls. 87:13, 88:14; 89: 13; Fig. 59: O 24 b, d) also predominantly appears in the early layers in the hillfort interior. Moreover, certain pottery types from the layers associated with the second crosswall have close parallels among the pottery from the Late La Tene-Early Roman cemetery at Beletov vrt in Novo mesto. To sum up, the pottery suggests that the first crosswall phase should most likely be dated to Mokronog IIIa and the second crosswall phase to Mokronog IIIb. Such a chronological framework is corroborated by metal finds. A Mokronog IIIa date is suggested by the bronze button with a reticular-decorated knob from Complex 18/4 (Fig. 78: 42)665 and the Nauheim fibula with a perforated foot after Božič (Fig. 78: 44).666 The button was recovered in a layer associated with the first crosswall, while the fibula came to light in Trench 11 on the western terrace. It forms part of Complex 11/24667 that comprises the finds from the so-called Hallstatt Pit 7, though field documentation clearly shows that the fibula was actually found above the pit, i.e. in the La Tene Layer a. Apart from the bronze button, Complex 18/4, composed of the finds from the late layer associated with the first crosswall and in part the finds connected with the second crosswall, also includes a bronze fibula of the Beletov vrt type (Fig. 78: 43). It is attributable to the late part of Mokronog IIIa, possibly even the early part of Mokronog IIIb,668 and thus marks the end of the first crosswall phase, but also strongly suggests that we should place the construction of the second crosswall to Mokronog IIIb. 662 Guštin et al. 1993, 29, Fig. 8: 18, 23. 663 Windl 1975, Pls. 29: 15; 42: 21. 664 Božič 2008, Pl. 14: 1. 665 Božič 1993, 149; Fig. 2: 6; idem 1999, 198 f. 666 Božič 2008, 59 ff; idem 1999, 198; idem 1993, 150 f; Fig. 4: 5. 667 Gabrovec 1994, 171, Pl. 14: 15. 668 Božič 2008, 114 f; idem 1999, 199. 257 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Da sodi prečni zid 2 v stopnjo Mokronog Illb, dokazuje tudi fibula tipa Jezerine iz kompleksa 19/22, ki izhaja iz samega zidu 2 (sl. 78: 47).669 Na drugi strani pa takšno datacijo potrjujeta fibuli iz kompleksa 11/8, najdeni v plasti, ki sodi k zidu na zahodni terasi. Gre za fibulo vrste Almgren 18a (sl. 78: 45)670 in fragment noge, ki najverjetneje pripada fibuli vrste Idrija Ia1 (sl. 78: 46).671 Dodatek: Iz sonde 11 poznamo še vzhodnoalpsko živalsko fibulo (sl. 78: 48)672 in pa fibulo s konjičkom (sl. 78: 49).673 Fibuli, ki sodita h kompleksoma 11/2 in 11/7, izvirata že iz humozne plasti vrh ruševin latenskega zidu. Če ne gre za povsem zamešani najdbi, gre fibuli, ki kažeta na poznohalštatski oziroma zgodnjelatenski čas, povezovati s skromnimi ostanki halštatske poselitve na zahodni terasi. Dobro ohranjene latenske plasti iz notranjosti naselja omogočajo členitev poznolatenske poselitve Stične. Tako z vidika keramike kot tudi s pomočjo kovinskih najdb je razvidno, da sodijo v čas prečnega zidu 1 tudi plasti pred postavitvijo zidu na zahodni terasi. Stopnja zidu 1 datira v čas stopnje LT D1 oziroma v stopnjo Mokronog IIIa, pri čemer keramika nakazuje, da je bil zid morda postavljen že v času LT C2. Tako prečni zid 2 kot tudi zid na zahodni terasi pa sta bila zgrajena na prehodu LT D1/D2. Predvsem kovinske najdbe namreč jasno kažejo, da datira stopnja zidu 2 v čas stopnje Mokronog IIIb. Čeprav kronološka opredelitev latenskih plasti iz notranjega dela naselja neposredno ne omogoča tudi datacije tik pod humusom odkritih latenskih plasti v sondah z zunanjega stiškega obzidja, se na tem mestu pomudimo še pri vprašanju datacije skromnih ostankov latenskega obzidja, odkritih v sondah 17, 3, 13, 12 in 6. Z ostanki latenskega obzidja gre povezovati tudi ruševino iz mlajše latenske plasti v sondi 5. Tako izrazito poznolatensko keramično gradivo,674 ki omogoča dobre primerjave z najdbami iz plasti v notranjosti naselja (sl. 78: 1-40; prim. sl. 74), kot tudi najdba železne kolenčaste fibule (sl. 78: 41) iz t. i. latenske "plasti b" v sondi 5 pri tem kažeta, da je povsem upravičena datacija ponovne utrditve gradišča z obzidjem v čas stopnje prečnega zidu 1. 669 Božič 2008, 123; 144 ss, tab. 5; Guštin 1984, 338; Beil. 1: 89; isti 1991, 41 s. 670 Völling 1994, 179 ss, Beil. 4; Božič 1999a, 212. 671 Božič 2008, 97 ss; sl. 50, karta 2. 672 Gabrovec 1994, 168, t. 13: 7; isti 1966b, 30 ss, karta 2; Teržan 1990, 117, karta 21. 673 Metzner-Nebelsick 2007, 711 ss, prim. sl. 6: 13-16; Teržan 1990, 100, karta 17. 674 Na primer t. 70: 1-3, 5-8, 11; 71: 3, 6-9; 72: 1-3, 7, 8, 13, 14. The attribution of the second crosswall to Mokronog IIIb is corroborated by the Jezerine fibula from Complex 19/22, which is composed of the finds from the second crosswall itself (Fig. 78: 47).669 Further evidence can be found in two fibulae from Complex 11/8, which were found in the layer associated with the wall on the western terrace; one is an Almgren 18a fibula (Fig. 78: 45)670 and the other a foot fragment of a fibula that most probably belongs to the Idrija Ia1 type (Fig. 78: 46)671. Supplement: Trench 11 also revealed an Eastern Alpine animal fibula (Fig. 78: 48)672 and a fibula with a horse-shaped bow (Fig. 78: 49)673 from Complexes 11/2 and 11/7, respectively. They were found in the topsoil covering the ruins of the La Tene rampart. They date to the Late Hallstatt/Early La Tene period and represent, if we exclude the possibility of them being completely mixed, scarce remains of Hallstatt habitation on the western terrace. The well-preserved La Tene layers in the hillfort interior allow us to subdivide the Late La Tene habitation at Stična. The pottery and the metal finds show that the layers predating the construction of the wall on the western terrace are contemporaneous with the first crosswall phase. This phase dates to LT D1/Mokronog IIIa, with pottery suggesting that the wall may have been constructed already in LT C2. The second crosswall and the wall on the western terrace were built contemporaneously in the LT D1/D2 transition, with the metal finds in particular clearly showing that the second crosswall phase dates to Mokronog IIIb. The chronological attribution of the La Tene layers in the hillfort interior does not directly enable us to date the La Tene layers just beneath the topsoil in the trenches on the rampart. There can, however, certain observations be made as to the question of dating the scarce remains of the La Tene rampart unearthed in Trenches 17, 3, 13, 12 and 6. The debris in the late La Tene layer in Trench 5 probably represents the remains of this rampart. The typically Late La Tene ceramic finds,674 with close parallels from the layers in the hillfort interior (Fig. 78: 1-40; cf. Fig. 74), as well as the iron knee fibula (Fig. 78:41) from La Tene Layer b in Trench 5 show that we may justifiably date the refortification of the hillfort, i.e. the construction of a new rampart, to the first crosswall phase. 669 Božič 2008, 123; 144 ff, tab. 5; Guštin 1984, 338; App. 1: 89; idem 1991, 41 f. 670 Völling 1994, 179 ff, App. 4; Božič 1999a, 200. 671 Božič 2008, 97 ff; Fig. 50, Map 2. 672 Gabrovec 1994, 169, Pl. 13: 7; idem 1966b, 38 f, Map 2; Teržan 1990, 118, Map 21. 673 Metzner-Nebelsick 2007, 711 ff, cf. Fig. 6: 13-16; Teržan 1990, 101, Map 17. 674 E.g.: Pls. 70:1-3, 5-8, 11; 71:3, 6-9; 72:1-3, 7, 8, 13, 14. 258 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Podobno velja za najstarejše kamnite tlake na zunanjem pobočju v sondah 16B, 4b in 6 ter v sondah 2 in 8. Čeprav maloštevilne keramične najdbe ne omogočajo podrobnejše kronološke opredelitve posameznih tlakov, kažeta fibuli iz starejšega tlaka v sondah 2 in 8 (sl. 76: 1, 2) na to, da je bilo v času stopnje prečnega zidu 1 povsem na novo utrjeno tudi zunanje pobočje. Da v Stični nimamo (intenzivne) kontinuirane poselitve, pač pa da pride do ponovne utrditve in razcveta naselja šele v poznolatenskem obdobju, posredno dokazuje tudi novoodkrito latensko grobišče. Vse do nedavnih raziskav ob gradbenih delih v vasi Vir iz Stične namreč sploh nismo poznali latenskih grobov, temveč zgolj posamezne najdbe, lahko tudi še iz najmlajših halštatskih grobov.675 Z odkritjem prvih treh latenskih grobov, ki preliminarno vsi datirajo v čas LT D, je povsem jasno, da leži latensko grobišče na prvi terasi pod jugozahodnim delom naselbine.676 Similarly can be said of the earliest stone pavings on the exterior slopes examined in Trenches 16B, 4b, 6, 2 and 8. Although the small number of ceramic finds hinders a precise chronological attribution of each of the pavings, the two fibulae from the early paving in Trenches 2 and 8 (Fig. 76: 1, 2) do suggest that the exterior slope was paved anew in the first crosswall phase. The hiatus in (intense) habitation at the Stična hillfort and a new fortification and period of prosperity only in the Late La Tene period is indirectly confirmed by the recently discovered La Tene cemetery below the hillfort. Until recently, there were no known La Tene graves at Stična, only individual La Tene finds possibly originating from the latest of the Hallstatt graves.675 The investigation conducted in advance of the construction works in the village of Vir pri Stični led to the discovery of the first three La Tene graves at Stična, all with a preliminary date of LT D and revealing that the La Tene cemetery is located on the first terrace below the south-western part of the hillfort.676 3.6.3 RIMSKA KERAMIKA Med skupno 8.704 obravnavanimi kosi keramike iz Stične je 31 ali 0,4 % kosov uvoženih.677 Pojav uvožene rimske keramike je vezan na latensko poselitev. Iz latenskih plasti namreč izhaja velika večina najdb, pri čemer številne izvirajo iz kompleksov, ki zaradi nejasne stratigrafije lahko vsebujejo tudi še najdbe iz starejših halštatskih oziroma premešanih plasti. Izjemi sta le fragmenta ID 6912/035-003 in 6701/086-014678 iz najd-benih kompleksov, ki izhajata celo še iz plasti k zidu II. Ker sta kosa povsem primerljiva z ostalimi v latenskih plasteh izkopanimi kosi in ker prvi izhaja iz najvišjega dela plasti, nad katero je bila odkrita že premešana laten-ska plast, drugi pa je bil izkopan tik ob samem zidu, je več kot očitno, da gre za zamešana oziroma iz latenskih plasti infiltrirana kosa. Kose uvožene rimske keramike lahko tako povsem povežemo s poznolatensko poselitvijo Stične. Kljub temu 675 Frey, Gabrovec 1969, 18, sl. 4, 5 = Frey 1969a. Prim. Teržan 2008, 292; Guštin 2001, 21 ss; Tecco Hvala 2012, 133 ss, 269. 676 Stergar et al. 2014, 54 s, sl. 2. Ogled najdišča in vseh grobnih najdb, med katerimi je tudi uvoženo rimsko posodje in ki so še v postopku konserviranja ter restavriranja, mi je omogočil P. Stergar. Preliminarno datacijo odkritih grobov (v čas LT D1 in LT D2 oz. v čas stopnje Mokronog IIIa (grob 2?) in IIIb (grob 1 in 3)) je potrdil tudi dr. D. Božič, Inštitut za arheologijo ZRC SAZU. Obema iskrena hvala. 677 Kose uvožene rimske keramike je pregledala dr. J. Horvat, Inštitut za arheologijo ZRC SAZU, Ljubljana, ki se ji na tem mestu najlepše zahvaljujem za vso pomoč in koristne nasvete. 678 Grahek 2013, 2/308 = 568 in 2/187 = 447. 3.6.3 ROMAN POTTERY The 8.704 determinable ceramic sherds from the Stična hillfort include 31 or 0.4% pieces of imported Roman pottery.677 These represent the remains of the hillfort's occupation in the La Tene period. Most were found in the La Tene layers. A fair number, however, forms part of complexes that, due to stratigraphic ambiguities, also contain finds either from earlier, Hallstatt or from mixed layers. The fragments of ID 6912/035-003 and 6701/086-014678 are exceptional in this sense, because they belong to two respective complexes of finds otherwise associated with a Wall II layer, but the finds themselves are comparable with others excavated in the La Tene layers. Moreover, the first one was excavated in the top part of the layer covered by a mixed La Tene layer, while the other was found at the contact with the wall, all of which clearly shows the two pieces to be infiltrated from the La Tene layers. 675 Frey 1969b, 16 ff, Figs. 4, 5. Cf. Teržan 2008, 292; Guštin 2002, 21 ff; Tecco Hvala 2012, 133 ff, 269 f. 676 Stergar et al. 2014, 54 f, Fig. 2. Primož Stergar kindly allowed me to inspect the site and examine the grave goods that included imported Roman pottery still in the conservation and restoration process. I would also like to thank dr. D. Božič, Inštitut za arheologijo ZRC SAZU, for a confirmation of the preliminary date of the graves (to LT D1 and LT D2, i.e. Mokronog IIIa (Graves 2?) and IIIb (Graves 1 and 3)). 677 The sherds of imported Roman pottery have been examined by dr. J. Horvat, Inštitut za arheologijo ZRC SAZU, Ljubljana, whom I would like to thank for all her support and professional advice. 678 Grahek 2013, 2/308 = 568 and 2/187 = 447. 259 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT da imajo dobre primerjave v zgodnjerimski keramiki s Štalenškega vrha, kar je izpostavil že Gabrovec,679 se bom na tem mestu osredotočila na primerjave s keramiko s slovenskih zgodnjerimskih najdišč, in sicer predvsem s sistematično obdelanimi keramičnimi najdbami s Sermina,680 po katerih tudi povzemam opise posameznih oblik uvožene keramike iz Stične. AMFORE Fragmenti amfor (sl. 79: 1, 2). Barva je svetla: bela, bledo rjava, rdečkasta (Munsell 10 YR 8/2, 8/3, 8/4; 7,5 YR 7/3, 7/4); površina mehka. Primesi ni oziroma so zelo redke. Pojavljajo se koščki zdrobljene keramike in drobni, svetli ali temni delci. Primerljivo z amforami skupine S 1 s Sermina.681 Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/214. KERAMIKA S ČRNIM ALI TEMNIM PREMAZOM Fragmenti posod (vrčev?) (sl. 79: 5). Barva je bledo rjava (10 YR 8/3, 8/4); površina je mehka in mazasta, redko trda. Primesi ni oziroma so zelo redke. Premaz sivočrne barve (10 YR 3/2; 7,5 YR N3/), nebleščeč, slabo ohranjen, na zunanji in notranji strani. Podobno keramiki skupine P 15 v Serminu.682 Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/214. Fragmenti posod (vrčev?) (sl. 79: 4 = t. 80: 6; 79: 6, 7). Barva je rdečkasta do svetlo rdeča (7,5 YR 7/4; 7/6; 5 YR 6/6); površina je mehka, redko trda. Primesi ni. Premaz sivočrne (10 YR 3/2) ali rdeče barve (10 R 5/8), nebleščeč, slabo ohranjen, na zunanji in notranji strani. Podobno keramiki skupine P 10 v Serminu.683 Najdbe: Grahek 2013, 1/214. Fragmenta vrča (sl. 79: 3 = t. 60:23). Barva je bledo rumena (2,5 Y 8/2); površina je mehka, mazasta. Primesi ni. Premaz sivočrne barve (10 YR 3/2), nebleščeč, slabo ohranjen, na zunanji in notranji strani. Podobno keramiki skupine P 12 v Serminu.684 Najdbi: Grahek 2013, 1/214. Fragment pladnja (sl. 79: 8 = t. 66: 16). Barva je svetlo rjava (10 YR 6/2); površina trda, gladka. Primesi ni. Premaz sivočrne barve (10 YR 2/1), nebleščeč, dobro ohranjen, na zunanji strani. Okras: krožni vrez in 679 Gabrovec 1994, 156. 680 Horvat 1997. 681 Horvat 1997, 69. 682 Horvat 1997, 167. 683 Horvat 1997, 166. 684 Horvat 1997, 166. The imported Roman pottery has close parallels in the Early Roman pottery from Magdalensberg/ Stalenska gora, as Gabrovec already noted.679 The comparisons below, however, are focused on the finds recovered at the Early Roman sites in Slovenia, primarily the systematically analysed pottery finds from Sermin.680 The publication of the latter also served as the model for pottery descriptions. AMPHORAE Fragments of amphorae (Fig. 79: 1, 2). Pale fabric colour: white, pale brown, reddish (Munsell 10 YR 8/2, 8/3, 8/4; 7,5 YR 7/3, 7/4); soft surface, no or rare inclusions; grog and tiny pale or dark pieces. Comparable with the amphorae of Group S 1 from Sermin.681 Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/214. BLACK- OR DARK-SLIPPED WARE Vessel fragments (jugs ?) (Fig. 79: 5). Pale brown fabric (10 YR 8/3, 8/4); soft and greasy, rarely hard surface; no or rare inclusions; grey-black slip (10 YR 3/2; 7,5 YR N3/), matte, poorly preserved on the exterior and interior. Comparable with the pottery of Group P 15 from Sermin.682 Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/214. Vessel fragments (jugs ?) (Fig. 79: 4 = Pls. 80: 6; 79: 6, 7). Reddish to light red fabric (7,5 YR 7/4; 7/6; 5 YR 6/6); soft, rarely hard surface; no inclusions; grey-black (10 YR 3/2) or red slip (10 R 5/8), matte, poorly preserved on the exterior and interior. Comparable with the pottery of Group P 10 from Sermin.683 Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/214. Fragments of a jug (Fig. 79: 3 = Pl. 60: 23). Pale yellow fabric (2,5 Y 8/2); soft and greasy surface; no inclusions, grey-black slip (10 YR 3/2), matte, poorly preserved on the exterior and interior. Comparable with the pottery of Group P 12 from Sermin.684 Finds: Grahek 2013, 1/214. Fragment of a platter (Fig. 79: 8 = Pl. 66:16). Light brown fabric (10 YR 6/2); hard, smooth surface; no inclusions; grey-black slip (10 YR 2/1), matte, well preserved on 679 Gabrovec 1994, 159. 680 Horvat 1997. 681 Horvat 1997, 69. 682 Horvat 1997, 167. 683 Horvat 1997, 166. 684 Horvat 1997, 166. 260 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Sl. 79: Uvožena rimska keramika. M. = 1: 2. Fig. 79: Imported Roman pottery. Scale = 1: 2. s koleščkom plitvo vtisnjen motiv. Podobno keramiki skupine P 6 v Serminu.685 KERAMIKA TANKIH STEN Fragment skodelice (sl. 79: 11 = t. 79: 3). Barva je rdečkasta (7,5 YR 7/4); površina je mehka, gladka. Primesi ni. Premaza ni. Okras: reliefni motiv v obliki lističev, izdelan v kalupu. Podobno keramiki skupine B 1 v Serminu.686 Fragmenti visokih vretenastih kozarcev (t. 79: 6; sl. 79: 9 = t. 80: 14; sl. 79: 10 = t. 95: 5). Barva je svetlo rdeča (7,5 YR 6/6); površina je mehka, gladka. Primesi: zelo majhni temni delci in sljuda. Premaza ni. Podobno keramiki skupine B 2 v Serminu.687 NAVADNA KERAMIKA Fragment manjše posode (sklede?) (sl. 79: 13 = t. 80: 7). Barva je rdečkasta do rdeča (7,5 YR 7/4; 5 YR 6/6; 2,5 YR 5/6); površina je trda in groba, redkeje povsem the exterior; shallow incised and rouletted circles. Comparable with the pottery of Group P 6 from Sermin.685 THIN-WALLED WARE Fragment of a cup (Fig. 79: 11 = Pl. 79: 3). Reddish fabric (7,5 YR 7/4); soft and smooth surface; no inclusions; no slip; mould-made relief decoration in the shape of a leaf. Comparable with the pottery of Group B 1 from Sermin.686 Fragments of high spindle-shaped beakers (Pl. 79: 6; Fig. 79: 9 = Pl. 80:14; Fig. 79:10 = Pl. 95: 5). Light red fabric (7,5 YR 6/6); soft and smooth surface; inclusions of tiny dark pieces and mica; no slip. Comparable with the pottery of Group B 2 from Sermin.687 COARSEWARE Fragment of a small vessel (dish ?) (Fig. 79:13 = Pl. 80: 7). Reddish to red fabric (7,5 YR 7/4; 5 YR 6/6; 2,5 YR 5/6); hard and coarse surface, rarely smooth; white 685 Horvat 1997, 166. 686 Horvat 1997, 168. 687 Horvat 1997, 168. 685 Horvat 1997, 166. 686 Horvat 1997, 168. 687 Horvat 1997, 168. 261 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT gladka. Primesi bele in sive, lahko tudi zelo goste. Podobno keramiki skupine C 12 v Serminu.688 Fragment pekača z žlebom na ustju (sl. 79: 12 = t. 95: 4). Barva je svetlo rjava do rdeča (približno 7,5 YR 6/4); površina je trda, groba. Primesi bele in sive, zelo goste, velike do 1 mm. Podobno keramiki skupine C 11 v Serminu.689 *** Med uvoženo keramiko iz Stične so najštevilnejši fragmenti keramike s črnim premazom (sl. 79: 3-6, 8). Največkrat gre za manjše fragmente ostenj, ki ne omogočajo prepoznavanja in/ali rekonstrukcije oblik posodja. Prstanasto dno vrča (t. 60: 23; sl. 79: 3) lahko primerjamo s keramiko P 12 s Sermina, kjer je okvirno datirana v 3.-2. st. pr. Kr.690 Ostale kose keramike s črnim premazom, tudi fragment skodelice z odebeljenim ustjem (t. 80: 6; sl. 79: 4) in fragment kampanjskega pladnja z okrasom krožnega vreza ter s koleščkom plitvo vtisnjenega motiva (t. 66:16; sl. 79: 8),691 lahko okvirno datiramo do najpozneje zgodnjega avgustejskega časa.692 Keramiki s črnim premazom lahko najdemo primerjave tudi med najdbami iz plasti po opustitvi (srednje-)laten-skodobnega naselja na Tribuni v Ljubljani693 in pa tudi še med gradivom iz starejših rimskodobnih poselitvenih faz pod ljubljanskim Grajskim gričem (najdišča Stari in Gornji trg, Prule in Tribuna) ter med gradivom iz plasti pred začetkom gradnje Emone.694 Vendar pa gre tu za najdbe iz mlajših depozitov, saj je bila predavgustejska poselitvena faza (= faza 1 po Vičiču) dokumentirana le na najdišču Gornji trg 30.695 Od avgustejskega obdobja starejšo datacijo omogoča z vrezi okrašen fragment ostenja keramike tankih sten iz sonde 11 (t. 95: 5; sl. 79: 10), ki ga lahko primerjamo tako s keramiko s Sermina696 kot tudi z najdbami keramike tankih sten na zgodnjerimskem naselju pod Grajskim gričem v Ljubljani.697 V skupino keramike tankih sten sodita še vretenasta kozarca iz sonde 18 (t. 79: 6; 80:14; sl. 79: 9), ki imata dobre primerjave na Serminu.698 Vretenasti kozarci so datirani od 2. st. do 688 Horvat 1997, 170. 689 Horvat 1997, 170. 690 Horvat 1997, 100 s. 691 Prim Horvat 1990, t. 18: 9. 692 Horvat 1997, 100 ss; sl. 49; ista 1995, 29 ss; sl. 3. Za datacijo Štalenške gore (tudi) z vidika keramike s črnim premazom glej Božič 2008, 123 ss; prim. Horvat, Bavdek 2009, 57 ss. 693 Gaspari et al. 2014, 137 s; Vojakovic 2014, 71 ss. 694 Prim. Gaspari 2010, 107, T. 2-5; Gaspari 2014, 124 ss, sl. 124: d. 695 Vičič 1994, 27, t. 1-5. 696 Horvat 1997, t. 49: 6-8. 697 Vičič 1993, t. 1: 9. 698 Horvat 1997, 103 ss; t. 6: 4-14; 35: 7; 54: 3. and grey inclusions, sometimes very dense. Comparable with the pottery of Group C 12 from Sermin.688 Fragment of a baking dish with a groove on the lip (Fig. 79: 12 = Pl. 95: 4). Light brown to red fabric (roughly 7,5 YR 6/4); hard and coarse surface; white and grey inclusions, very dense and measuring up to 1mm across. Comparable with the pottery of Group C 11 from Sermin.689 *** The most numerously represented Roman pottery is the black-slipped ware (Fig. 79: 3-6, 8). Its sherds are mostly small fragments of vessel walls that do not reveal the vessel form. The few determinable finds include the ring base of a jug (Pl. 60: 23; Fig. 79: 3) with parallels among the P 12 pottery from Sermin broadly dated to the 3rd-2nd century BC.690 Several other sherds of black-slipped ware, which include the fragments of a cup with a thickened rim (Pl. 80: 6; Fig. 79: 4) and a fragment of a Campanian platter decorated with an incised and a roulette circle (Pl. 66:16; Fig. 79: 8),691 can be dated up to the Early Augustan period at the latest.692 Parallels for the black-slipped ware can also be found in Ljubljana, more precisely among the finds from the layer of the (Middle-) La Tene period at Tribuna693 deposited after the settlement had been abandoned, among the finds from the early Roman-period habitation phases below the hill of Grajski grič (the sites of Stari trg, Gornji trg, Prule and Tribuna) and from the layers predating the construction of the Roman town of Emona.694 These, however, are later deposits, with a pre-Augustan habitation phase (= Phase 1 after Vičič) only documented at the site ofGornji trg 30.695 The thin-walled ware fragment decorated with incisions from Trench 11 at Stična (Pl. 95:5; Fig. 79: 10) is pre-Augustan in date and has parallels among the pottery from Sermin696 and from the Early Roman settlement below Grajski grič in Ljubljana.697 The thin-walled ware from Stična further includes two spindle-shaped beakers from Trench 18 (Pls. 79: 6; 80: 14; Fig. 79: 9), also with close comparisons at Sermin.698 Such vessels in general date from the 2nd to the early Augustan period 688 Horvat 1997, 170. 689 Horvat 1997, 170. 690 Horvat 1997, 100 f. 691 Cf. Horvat 1990, Pl. 18: 9. 692 Horvat 1997, 100 ff; Fig. 49; idem 1995, 29 ff; Fig. 3. For the dating of Magdalensberg (also) on the basis of the black-slipped ware see Božič 2008, 123 ff; cf. Horvat, Bavdek 2009, 57 ff. 693 Gaspari et al. 2014, 137 f; Vojakovic 2014, 72 ff. 694 Cf. Gaspari 2010, 107, Pls. 2-5; Gaspari 2014, 124 ff, Fig. 124: d. 695 Vičič 1994, 48, Pls. 1-5. 696 Horvat 1997, Pl. 49: 6-8. 697 Vičič 1993, Pl. 1: 9. 698 Horvat 1997, 103 ff; Pls. 6: 4-14; 35: 7; 54: 3. 262 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT Sl. 80: Delež osnovnih skupin rimske keramike (a) in delež najdb rimske keramike v plasteh starejše ter mlajše poznolatenske stopnje (b). Fig. 80: Shares of the Roman ceramic wares (a) and the shares of the Roman pottery finds in the Late La Tene layers of the early and the late phases (b). najpozneje zgodnjeavgustejskega obdobja.699 Odlomek z reliefnim okrasom v obliki lističev, ki izvira iz kompleksa 18/5 oziroma iz druge plasti k prečnemu zidu 1, pa lahko opredelimo kot ostanek megarske skodelice efeško-jonske vrste (t. 79: 3; sl. 79: 11). Ta oblika je bila od sredine 2. st. do začetka 1. st. pred Kr. razširjena po vsem Sredozemlju.700 Poleg fine keramike s črnim premazom in keramike tankih sten so bili najdeni tudi posamezni kosi t. i. navadne rimske keramike. Gre za fragment pekača z žlebom na ustju (t. 95: 4; sl. 79: 12) ter fragment dna manjše posode (t. 80: 7; sl. 79: 13), kot ju lahko najdemo tudi med keramiko s Sermina701 in iz Nauporta.702 Pomemben, razmeroma velik delež uvožene rimske keramike predstavljajo fragmenti amfor (sl. 79: 1, 2). Gre za tipološko nedoločljive fragmente ostenj, ki pa jih lahko z najdbami s Sermina primerjamo po opisu tehnoloških značilnosti, in sicer z amforami keramične skupine S 1, kar kaže, da gre najverjetneje za obliko jadranskih amfor za vino skupine Lamboglia 2. Te so izdelovali od tretje četrtine 2. st. do tretje četrtine 1. st. pred Kr.703 Njihov uvoz v notranjost jugovzhodnoalp-skega prostora dokazujejo najdbe z Razdrtega.704 Razmeroma številne najdbe amfor pa so na stiškem gradišču bolj kot za kronološko opredelitev poznolaten-ske poselitve pomembne za ovrednotenje širšega, kul-turno-družbenega pomena naselja. Dejstvo je namreč, da se konec 2. stol. pa vsaj do sredine 1. stol. pr. n. št. amfore v notranjosti jugovzhodnega alpskega prostora at the latest.699 The fragment with relief decoration in the form of leaves, forming part of Complex 18/5 and unearthed in the second layer associated with the first crosswall, is what remains of a Megarian bowl of the Ephesian-Ionian type (Pl. 79:3; Fig. 79: 11). This type of vessels was widespread across the Mediterranean from the mid-2nd to the early 1st century BC.700 Two sherds also belong to Roman coarseware. One is a fragment of a baking dish with a groove on the lip (Pl. 95: 4; Fig. 79: 12) and the other a base fragment of a small vessel (Pl. 80: 7; Fig. 79: 13). Both have parallels at Sermin701 and Nauportus.702 A relatively large share of the imported Roman pottery belongs to amphorae (Fig. 79: 1, 2). They are fragments of walls that cannot be typologically determined, but are comparable with the amphorae of ceramic group S 1 from Sermin in their fabrics. This suggests that the amphora sherds from Stična most probably represent the Adriatic wine amphorae of Lamboglia 2, which were in use from the third quarter of the 2nd to the third quarter of the 1st century BC.703 Their use in the south-eastern Alpine area is proven by the finds of these amphorae at Razdrto.704 More than chronological indicators of the Late La Tene habitation, the relatively numerous amphorae at the Stična hillfort are of importance in evaluating the wider, cultural and social significance of the hillfort. Based on our knowledge thus far, Roman amphorae are rare finds in the south-eastern Alpine area in the time from the 699 Horvat 1997, 103. 700 Horvat 1997, 102 ss; sl. 53; t. 5: 8, 9; 54: 1. 701 Horvat 1997, t. 48: 7, 11, 19; 49: 6-8; 56: 8. 702 Horvat 1990, t. 19: 4-6. 703 Horvat 1997, 58, 70 s; Zupančič, Bole 1997, 87 ss. 704 Bavdek 1996, sl. 8: 4; 9: 1, 2; Horvat, Bavdek 2009, 84 ss, sl. 130, t. 8: 6-8; 9-16; 18: 13-20 itd. 699 Horvat 1997, 103. 700 Horvat 1997, 102 ff; Fig. 53; Pls. 5: 8, 9; 54: 1. 701 Horvat 1997, Pls. 48: 7, 11, 19; 49: 6-8; 56: 8. 702 Horvat 1990, Pl. 19: 4-6. 703 Horvat 1997, 58, 70 f; Zupančič, Bole 1997, 87 ff. 704 Bavdek 1996, Figs. 8: 4; 9: 1, 2; Horvat, Bavdek 2009, 84 ff, Fig. 130, Pls. 8: 6-8; 9-16; 18: 13-20 etc. 263 3. KERAMIČNE NAJDBE IZ NASELJA V STIČNI 3. CERAMIC FINDS FROM THE STIČNA HILLFORT pojavljajo le redko,705 pri čemer poznamo z gradišč dolenjske skupine le še fragment amfore in njen pokrovček z Gradca nad Blečjim vrhom pri Višnji Gori.706 Kot je razvidno iz deleža osnovnih skupin rimske keramike, je ta najpogosteje zastopana s fragmenti keramike s črnim premazom (sl. 80: A). Čeprav številni kosi izvirajo iz podrobneje neopredeljenih latenskih plasti ali pa jih sploh ni mogoče natančno stratigrafsko locirati, je videti, da se rimska keramika v plasteh posameznih poznolatenskih stopenj pojavlja v približno enaki meri (sl. 80: B). Pri tem je za absolutno datacijo plasti najpomembnejša najdba megarske skodelice, ki sicer izvira iz stratigrafsko slabše opredeljenega kompleksa 18/4, vendar pa je bila glede na podatke v terenski dokumentaciji zagotovo najdena že v mlajši plasti k zidu 1. Gre za pomemben podatek, saj skodelice glede na zgodnje-rimske najdbe z Razdrtega ni pričakovati pred koncem 2. stol. pr. n. št.,707 s čimer tudi ta še dokazuje datacijo poznolatenske poselitve na začetek stopnje Mokronog IIIa. Na drugi strani pa med rimsko keramiko ni prav nobenega kosa, ki bi segal do avgustejskega časa, kar kaže, da je stiško gradišče v času rimskega vicusa v Nauportu708 ali zgodnjerimske naselbine pod Grajskim gričem v Ljubljani709 že zamrlo. late 2nd to at least the mid-1st century,705 and even rarer on the hillforts of the Dolenjska group, where a single amphora fragment and its lid has been found at Gradec above Blečji vrh near Višnja Gora.706 The overview of the Roman ceramic wares shows that black-slipped one is best represented (Fig. 80: A). It also shows that, although the sherds of Roman pottery in general either originate from precisely unattributable La Tene layers or could not be attributed to any particular layer, they seem to appear in the layers of individual Late La Tene phases roughly in equal numbers (Fig. 80: B). The most important sherd in terms of absolute chronology is of the Megarian bowl, which forms part of the stratigraphically less reliable Complex 18/4, but could positively be attributed to the late layer associated with the first crosswall on the basis of field documentation. This is important information, because the Early Roman finds from Razdrto indicate that the bowl should not be dated prior to the late 2nd century BC.707 This narrows the time span to between the late 2nd and the early 1st century BC, which is further evidence of the Late La Tene habitation dating to the very beginning of Mokronog IIIa. As for the end of the Stična hillfort, there are no sherds that would reach into the Augustan period, which suggests that the hillfort was no longer inhabited in the time of the Roman vicus at Nauportus708 or the Early Roman settlement below Grajski grič in Ljubljana.709 705 Horvat 1995, 37 ss, sl. 2; ista 1997, 120; sl. 47, 48. 706 Pavlin 2011, t. 8: 1, 2. 707 Oceno je podala dr. Jana Horvat, IzA ZRC SAZU. Prim. Horvat, Bavdek 2009, 132 ss. 708 Horvat 1990. 709 Vičič 1993, isti 1994, isti 2002, Gaspari 2014, 101 ss in 120 ss; Gaspari et al. 2014. 705 Horvat 1995, 37 ff, Fig. 2; idem 1997, 120; Figs. 47, 48. 706 Pavlin 2011, Pl. 8: 1, 2. 707 As estimated by dr. J. Horvat, Inštitut za arheologijo ZRC SAZU. Cf. Horvat, Bavdek 2009, 132 ff. 708 Horvat 1990. 709 Vičič 1993, idem 1994, idem 2002, Gaspari 2014, 101 ff and 120 ff; Gaspari et al. 2014. 264 4. PRIMERJAVA KERAMIKE IZ STIČNE Z DRUGIMI NASELJI DOLENJSKE SKUPINE 4. COMPARISON WITH THE CERAMIC ASSEMBLAGE FROM OTHER SETTLEMENTS OF THE DOLENJSKA GROUP V okviru halštatske keramike Dolenjske je bilo grobno posodje že večkrat obravnavano in temeljito analizirano.712 Ker sem primerjavo z grobnim posod-jem delno izvedla že pri tipološki razvrstitvi posod in analizi okrasa, kar je omogočalo kronološko opredelitev posameznih poselitvenih stopenj Stične, se na tem mestu posvetimo še keramiki iz drugih dolenjskih naselij. Pri tem naj poudarim, da je obseg primerjave narekovalo predvsem stanje raziskav.713 V celotnem jugovzhodnem alpskem prostoru je namreč železnodobna poselitev gotovo najbolje raziskana prav v okviru dolenjskega kulturnega kroga, medtem ko za preostale kulturne skupine velja, da niso dovolj raziskane ali pa gradivo (v večji meri) še ni objavljeno. Izjema je dobro predstavljena naselbinska keramika štajerske skupine,714 ki je bila skupaj z grobno keramiko že vključena v obravnavo v prejšnjih poglavjih. Vse od prvih predhodnih poročil o naselbinskih izkopavanjih v Stični malodane ni objave naselbinske keramike z železnodobnih najdišč jugovzhodnega alpskega prostora, ki ne bi vključevala primerjav s skromnim izborom stiških najdb. Zato se zdi povsem upravičena predpostavka, da bodo izsledki moje raziskave bistveno pripomogli k poznavanju železnodobne naselbinske keramike v širšem jugovzhodnem alpskem prostoru. Da bi vsaj nekoliko upravičila takšna izhodišča, naj ob koncu orišem še skupne značilnosti keramike iz dolenjskih naselij. Pri tem naj poudarim, da moj namen ni ugotavljanje razširjenosti posameznih keramičnih oblik in tipov posod ter naštevanje njihovih primerjav, temveč zgolj pojasnjujem rezultate pregleda naselbinske keramike, ki so predstavljeni na sl. 81. 712 Dular 1982; Dular A. 1978; Teržan 1980 idr. 713 Še posebej problematična je latenskodobna poselitvena slika, saj naselij predvsem iz (zgodnje- in) srednjelatenske-ga obdobja sploh ne poznamo. Izjema je pred leti raziskano naselje na Tribuni v Ljubljani, kjer pa latenskodobne ostaline še niso bile podrobneje analizirane (Vojakovic 2014, 71 ss). 714 Teržan 1990. The Hallstatt pottery from the graves of Dolenjska has been analysed in a number of publications and in detail.712 It is mentioned for comparative purposes also in this publication, with regards to the typology and the decoration, but also the chronological attribution of individual habitation phases at Stična. Rather than burial contexts, however, the discussion below will take a closer look at the pottery from other settlements in Dolenjska. In connection with that I should emphasise that the scope of comparisons was mainly determined by the state of research.713 In the south-eastern Alpine area, the best researched Iron Age habitation traces and settlement patterns are certainly those of the Dolenjska group. The settlements of most other cultural groups in the surrounding areas have either not been investigated well enough or the material has (for the most part) not yet been published. The exception is the settlement pottery of the Štajerska group,714 which is mentioned in the previous chapters for comparative purposes. From the first preliminary reports on the excavations at Stična onwards, there is hardly a publication dealing with the pottery from the Iron Age settlement sites in the south-eastern Alpine area that would not include parallels with the little that has so far been published of the pottery from the Stična hillfort. Publishing the ceramic assemblage in its entirety is therefore a significant step towards improving our knowledge of the pottery from the Iron Age settlements across the south-eastern Alpine area. In the text below, I will outline the common traits of the pottery from the settlements across Dolenjska. The aim is neither to establish 712 Dular 1982; Dular A. 1978; Terzan 1980 and others. 713 Particularly problematic is the settlement picture for the La Tene period, as the only known settlement from the (Early and) Middle La Tene period has recently been excavated at Tribuna in Ljubljana, but its La Tene remains have not yet been analysed and published in detail (Vojakovic 2014, 71 ff). 714 Terzan 1990. 265 4. PRIMERJAVA KERAMIKE IZ STIČNE .. 4. COMPARISON WITH THE CERAMIC ASSEMBLAGE .. pithosi / Pithoi lonci/Jars "vrečasti"/Bag-shaped sstožčastimi rameni / With conical shoulder z zaobljenimi rameni / With rounded shoulder z navznoter usločenlm ustjem / With an inturned rim z lijakasto izvihanim ustjem /With funnel-shaped rim z nažlebljenimi rameni / With shallow grooved shoulder lonci s stožčastim vratom / Jars with conical neck buče/ Globural jars rdeče-črno barvanje / Black-on-red painting (ciboriji) / (Footed bowls) gubanje/ Indenting vrči / Jugs lončki Beakers ročke / Pitchers latvice/ globoke / Deep Dishes with an inturned rim plitve/Shallow s fasetiranimi rameni / With a faceted shoulder t— CNI ol CH CNI cy\ oo L10-12,14,17 L13,15,16 L18,21,22 L19,20,23,26 L 32 L 24,31 L 25,27,28 o m rO <—■ m > > on C 4, Sk 10 o o Cd La 1-6 La 7-10 La 11-14 La 15 La 16-18,21 Kučar pri Podzemelju • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Veliki Vinji vrh/Bela Cerkev • • • • • • • • • • • • • Cvinger nad Koriti • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Gradec pri Vinkovem vrhu • • • • • • • • • • • Kostanjevec nad Tihabojem • • • • • • • Kunkelj pod Vrhtrebnjem • • • • • • • Libna « « « • • • • • Križni vrh nad Belim Gričem • • • • • • • • Stari Grad v Podbočju • • • • • Vače • Vesela gora v Brinju • • • Kincelj nad Trbincem • • • • • • • • Gradišče pri Valičnl vasi • • • Spičasti hrib nad Dolami pri Litiji • • • • Sitarjevec nad Litijo • • • • Pančičevvrh pod Javorjem • • • • • Gradiščica pri Jelšah • • Korinjski hrib nad Vel. Korinjem • Ajdovščina / Zaboršt pri Dolu • • • • • • • Cvinger/Dolenjske Toplice • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Sv. Ana nadVrhpečjo • • • • • • • • Podturn • • • Gradišče pri Suhadolah • • Gradišče nad Dešnom • • • • • Zagradec / Vodice pri Gabrovki • • • Gradišče pri Trebnjem • • • • • • • • Makovec / Zagorica pri Dobrniču • • • • • • • • • Žempoh nad Ostrožnikom • • Sl. 81: Primerjalna tabela zastopanosti keramičnih tipov iz Stične v drugih naseljih dolenjske skupine. 266 • • • • • • • • • • Skl skodelice s presegajočim ročajem / Bowls with a high handle • • • • • • • • • • • • Sk3,4 Sk 5 - 7 Sk 8,11 sklede/Dishes • • • • • Pol -3 pokrovi/Lids • • • • • pos.obl. cedila/Colanders • • • 06 podkvaste nalepke / Horseshoe-shaped motifs okras / Decoration svastika / Swastika-shaped motif • • 07c • • • 021 vtisi /Impressions • • • • • • • • Pel-3 Rnl/.nr c ve/ lids • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Pe 4 Pe 5,6 Bdkinc ročaji /Handles okrašene/Decorated • • • • • • • • • • Pe 7 - 9 okrašeni ročaji / Decorated handles • • • • • • Pl Ok pladnji / Platters ognjiščne koze / Firedogs • • • • • Or ognjiščne rešetke / Gridirons • • • • • • • • Pp prenosne pečke / Portable ovens • • • • S svitki/Ceramic rings • • • • • • • • • • u uteži/Weights • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Vrl -5 vretenca /Spindle whorls • • • • Vr6,7 • • • • • • • • M 1,2 motki/ Bobbins • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • L 34 L 35 lonci/Jars glavničen okras / Combed decoration • • • • L 36 grafitni/Graphite ware • • • • • • • L 37,38 "Auerberg" • • • • • • • • L 40 - 42 z odebeljenim robom ustja /With a thickened rim O) • G1 -3 bikonifne/Biconical glinenke / Flasks s kratkim izvihanim ustjem / With a short everted rim CD 3 • • • • • • • • • G 4,5 f— QJ S • • • • • G6 s preoblikovanim robom ustja / With a pronounced lip 3 ft • • • • G 8,9 s širokim vratom / With a wide neck • • • • • • • • • • • • Pl -3 Sk* pokali/Goblets sklede/Dishes • • • • • • 024b žigosanje konc. krožcev / Stamped ring-and-dots Decoration te fS M I 33 > te N o< Z te O O S £ S Vi O Z -J ffi H ffi M O M I» > § O > 63 te > O te 4. PRIMERJAVA KERAMIKE IZ STIČNE .. 4. COMPARISON WITH THE CERAMIC ASSEMBLAGE .. V primerjavo sem vključila vsa naselja dolenjskega kulturnega kroga z že objavljenim gradivom, raziskana z izkopavanji, pri čemer gre v večini primerov le za manjša sondiranja na utrjenem robu naselij. Ker je bila železnodobna poselitev Dolenjske že predmet sintetične obravnave,715 sem posamezna najdišča opremila z zaporednimi številkami tamkajšnjega kataloga najdišč. Po posameznih naseljih sem nato ugotavljala zastopanost keramičnih tipov, kot jih poznamo v Stični. Ker pa sem s podrobno tipološko razvrstitvijo stiške keramike v prvi vrsti skušala podrobno opredeliti tudi številne neizrisane kose keramike (sl. 28),716 ki so bili vsi upoštevani pri tipološko-statistični obravnavi, je v primerjalni tabeli prikazana zastopanost po posameznih oblikovnih skupinah keramike in le v redkih primerih tudi po posameznih tipih. Iz primerjalne tabele (sl. 81) je razvidno, da je keramika z drugih dolenjskih najdišč dobro primerljiva s keramiko iz Stične. Pri tem ne gre zanemariti dejstva, da je delež možnih primerjav odsev raziskanosti drugih najdišč. Kot dokaz naj omenim dobro objavljen Kučar pri Podzemlju717 in precej slabše raziskano Zgornjo Krono nad Vačami.718 Čeprav gre pri obeh za pomembnejši središči dolenjske halštatske skupine,719 je izrazita razlika v zastopanosti oblik. Če torej odmislimo razlike, pogojene s stanjem raziskav, so ostale nedvomno odsev različne obljudenosti posameznih najdišč po kronoloških stopnjah. Prav zaradi dejstva, da posamezna naselja niso živela v enakem časovnem razponu kot Stična, sem v tabeli prikazala tudi klasifikacijo naselij glede na njihovo časovno opredelitev: skupine I do VII.720 Tako lahko ugotovimo, da je stiško keramiko mogoče najbolje primerjati z najdbami iz naselij četrte in tretje skupine. V četrto skupino Dular in Tecco Hvalova uvrščata gradišča, ki so nastala na začetku železne dobe ter so bila poseljena tako v starejšem kot tudi v mlajšem halštatskem obdobju in pa v poznem latenu.721 To so: Kučar,722 Veliki Vinji vrh,723 Cvinger nad Koriti,724 Gradec pri Vinkovem vrhu,725 Kostjavec nad Tihabojem pri Litiji,726 Kunkelj pod Vrhtrebnjem,727 Vače728 in gradišče 715 Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007. 716 Grahek 2013, 2/185 ss = 445 ss. 717 Dular, Ciglenečki, Dular 1995, 11-70, t. 1-77. 718 Schmid 1939. 719 Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, 191 ss, sl. 113. 720 Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, 70 ss; sl. 24. 721 Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, 73, sl. 24. 722 Dular, Ciglenečki, Dular 1995, 11-70, t. 1-77; Dular 1978, 7-9; t. 41-43. 723 Dular et al. 2000, 134-139; t. 12-20. 724 Dular et al. 1995, 103-110, t. 9-17. 725 Dular et al. 1995, 110-115, t. 18-22. 726 Dular et al. 2003, 180-189, t. 12-22. 727 Dular et al. 1991, 69-76, t. 1-6. 728 Schmid 1939. the distribution of each form and type nor to trace their development and parallels, but merely to attempt to put the ceramic assemblage from the Stična hillfort in the appropriate context. The results are summarily presented on Fig. 81. The pottery discussed below only comprises the already published finds recovered in excavations, albeit small trenches along the rampart. The Iron Age settlements in Dolenjska have already been synthetically published and are therefore cited here with the number from the catalogue of sites of the said publication.715 I identified the presence of the ceramic types known from Stična at other hillforts. However, the comparative table shows the representation of individual formal groups of pottery and only rarely individual types, because the detailed typological classification of the ceramics from the Stična settlement also includes numerous undrawn sherds (Fig. 28)716 considered in the typological and statistical analysis. The comparative table (Fig. 81) reveals the close relation of pottery from Stična to the pottery from other sites in Dolenjska. The differences can, to a certain extent, be ascribed to the differing levels of research at individual sites. There is the investigated and well published Kučar near Podzemelj,717 at one end of the scale, and Zgornja Krona above Vače,718 at the other end, which only saw a limited scope of research. Both are important centres of the Dolenjska Hallstatt group,719 but the current state of research shows a marked difference in the range of ceramic forms. Other differences reflect the dissimilarities in the occupation of individual sites through time. Not all sites shared the habitation span at Stična; their spans are therefore presented in the table below according to the seven groups determined by Dular and Tecco Hvala.720 The pottery from Stična is primarily comparable with that found in the settlements of the third and fourth groups. The fourth group comprises the hillforts that appeared at the beginning of the Iron Age and were inhabited in the Early and Late Hallstatt period, and again in the Late La Tene period:721 Kučar,722 Veliki Vinji vrh,723 Cvinger above Korita,724 Gradec near Vinkov vrh,725 Kostjavec above Tihaboj near Litija,726 Kunkelj 715 Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007. 716 Grahek 2013, 2/185 ff = 445 ff. 717 Dular, Ciglenečki, Dular 1995, 11-70, Pls. 1-77. 718 Schmid 1939. 719 Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, 191 ff, Fig. 113. 720 Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, 70 ff; Fig. 24. 721 Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, 73, Fig. 24. 722 Dular, Ciglenečki, Dular 1995, 11-70, Pls. 1-77; Dular 1978, 17 f; Pls. 41-43. 723 Dular et al. 2000, (134-139), 150; Pls. 12-20. 724 Dular et al. 1995, (103-110), 137 ff, Pls. 9-17. 725 Dular et al. 1995, (110-115), 139 ff, Pls. 18-22. 726 Dular et al. 2003, (180-189), 201 f, Pls. 12-22. 268 4. PRIMERJAVA KERAMIKE IZ STIČNE .. 4. COMPARISON WITH THE CERAMIC ASSEMBLAGE .. na Veseli gori v Brinju pri Šentrupertu,729 ki pa je bilo s kasnejšo poselitvijo močno uničeno. Za naselja četrte skupine je tudi značilno, da jih s stiškim gradiščem lahko dobro primerjamo glede na to, kako so bila utrjena. Pri večini gradišč sta bila s sondiranji odkrita dva halštatska zidova, ki ju lahko vzporejamo z zidom I in II iz Stične.730 Pri tem je pomenljivo, da je bil starejši zid na Gradcu pri Vinkovem vrhu,731 Kostjavcu732 in Kunklju733 zravnan in opuščen po požaru, kar lahko primerjamo z žga-ninskimi plastmi prehodne stopnje I/ II. Kot v Stični je bilo na Vinjem vrhu, Vinkovem vrhu in Kostjavcu odkrito tudi poznolatensko obzidje. Podobno situacijo poznamo z Libne,734 ki jo skupaj s Križnim vrhom nad Belim Gričem pri Mokronogu735 in Starim Gradom nad Podbočjem736 Dular uvršča v tretjo skupino naselij, ki se od četrte skupine razlikujejo le po tem, da je bila na njih ugotovljena tudi že žarnogrobiščna poselitev.737 Naseljem četrte in tretje skupine po Dularju glede na število zvrsti keramike, ki omogočajo primerjave s stiškimi najdbami, sledijo naselja pete in druge skupine (sl. 81). V peto skupino so združena naselja Kincelj nad Trbincem pri Mirni nad Trebnjem,738 Gradec pri Blečjem Vrhu,739 Gradišče pri Valični vasi,740 Špičasti hrib nad Dolami pri Litiji,741 Sitarjevec nad Litijo,742 Pančičev vrh pod Javorjem nad Litijo743 in Gradiščica pri Jelšah nad Litijo,744 ki so nastala v mlajšem halštatskem obdobju in so bila poseljena tudi v poznolatenskem obdobju.745 Naselja, kot so Cvinger pri Dolenjskih Toplicah,746 Korinjski hrib nad Velikim Korinjem,747 Sv. Ana nad Vrhpečjo pri Trebnjem,748 Ajdovščina nad Zborštom pri Dolu pri Ljubljani749 in Podturn,750 pa so bila obljudena v pozni bronasti dobi, a nato za dalj časa below Vrhtrebnje,727 Vače728 and Vesela gora in Brinje near Šentrupert,729 with the last one heavily damaged by subsequent occupation. Apart from their span, the hillforts of the fourth group are also comparable with that at Stična in their fortifications. Most revealed two Hallstatt ramparts, which can be paralleled with Walls I and II at Stična.730 Furthermore, the early ramparts at Gradec near Vinkov vrh,731 Kostjavec732 and Kunkelj733 were razed to the ground by a fire and subsequently abandoned, which is comparable with the layers of burnt material determined as the Wall I/II transition phase at Stična. A further similarity is the Late La Tene rampart found at Vinji vrh, Vinkov vrh and Kostjavec, but also Libna,734 which forms part of the third group of settlements together with Križni vrh above Beli Grič near Mokronog735 and Stari Grad above Podbočje.736 These differ from the sites of the fourth group in their longer habitation history, reaching back to the Urnfield culture period.737 In the number of comparable forms of ceramic finds, the settlements of the third and fourth groups are followed by those of the fifth and second groups (Fig. 81). The fifth group consists of the settlements at Kincelj above Trbinc near Mirna above Trebnje,738 Gradec near Blečji Vrh,739 Gradišče near Valična vas,740 Špičasti hrib above Dole pri Litiji,741 Sitarjevec above Litija,742 Pančičev vrh below Javorje above Litija743 and Gradiščica near Jelše above Litija,744 appeared in the Late Hallstatt and were (re)inhabited in the Late La Tene period.745 The settlements of the second groups, for example those at Cvinger near Dolenjske Toplice,746 Korinjski hrib above Veliki Korinj,747 Sv. Ana above Vrhpeč near Trebnje,748 729 Dular et al. 1991, 94-96, t. 41. 730 Veliki Vinji vrh, Cvinger nad Koriti, Gradec pri Vinkovem vrhu, Kostjavec nad Tihabojem, Kunkelj pod Vrhtrebnjem - Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, 91 ss. 731 Dular et al. 1995, pril. 3. 732 Dular et al. 2003, 181 ss, pril. 3: B; sl. 33, 37. 733 Dular et al. 1991, 70 ss, sl. 5, 6; pril. 1. 734 Guštin 1976; Štibernik 1999; Dular 2006, 165 ss; Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, 94 ss. 735 Dular et al. 1991, 98-104, t. 45-50. 736 Guštin et al. 1993. 737 Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, 72 s, sl. 24. 738 Dular et al. 1991, 90-93, t. 37-40. 739 Pavlin 2011. 740 Dular, Breščak 1996. 741 Dular et al. 2003, 171-176, t. 4-9. 742 Pavlin, Dular 2007, 78-80, t. 20, 21, 22: 1-12. 743 Pavlin, Dular 2007, 81-83, t. 23. 744 Pavlin, Dular 2007, 80-81, t. 22: 13-21. 745 Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, 73. 746 Dular, Križ 2004; Teržan 1976, t. 91: 13-19; 92, 93. 747 Dular et al. 1995, 91-96, t. 1-3. 748 Dular et al. 1991, 76-81, t. 7-10. 749 Pavlin, Dular 2007, 66-73, t. 1-6. 750 Breščak, Dular 2002. 727 Dular et al. 1991, 110 ff, Pls. 1-6. 728 Schmid 1939. 729 Dular et al. 1991, 129 ff, Pls. 41. 730 Veliki Vinji vrh, Cvinger above Korita, Gradec near Vinkov vrh, Kostjavec above Tihaboj, Kunkelj below Vrhtrebnje - Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, 91 ff. 731 Dular et al. 1995, App. 3. 732 Dular et al. 2003, (181 ff), 201 f, App. 3: B; Figs. 33, 37. 733 Dular et al. 1991, 136 ff, Figs. 5, 6; App. 1. 734 Guštin 1976; Štibernik 1999; Dular 2006, (165 ff), 181; Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, 96 f. 735 Dular et al. 1991, 131 ff, Pls. 45-50. 736 Guštin et al. 1993. 737 Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, 72 f, Fig. 24. 738 Dular et al. 1991, 127 ff, Pls. 37-40. 739 Pavlin 2011. 740 Dular, Breščak 1996. 741 Dular et al. 2003, (171-176), 200 f, Pls. 4-9. 742 Pavlin, Dular 2007, (78-80), 96, Pls. 20, 21, 22: 1-12. 743 Pavlin, Dular 2007, ( 81-83), 96 f, Pl. 23. 744 Pavlin, Dular 2007, (80-81), 96, Pl. 22: 13-21. 745 Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, 73. 746 Dular, Križ 2004; Teržan 1976, Pls. 91: 13-19; 92, 93. 747 Dular et al. 1995, (91-96), 133 ff, Pls. 1-3. 748 Dular et al. 1991, 112 ff, Pls. 7-10. 269 4. PRIMERJAVA KERAMIKE IZ STIČNE .. 4. COMPARISON WITH THE CERAMIC ASSEMBLAGE .. opuščena ter ponovno utrjena v mlajšem halštatskem ali šele v poznolatenskem obdobju.751 Glede na zgodnjo poselitev lahko gradišča druge skupine povezujemo z Gradiščem pri Trebnjem,752 Ma-kovcem nad Zagorico pri Dobrniču753 in Zempohom nad Ostrožnikom pri Mokronogu.754 Gre za naselja prve skupine, poseljena v žarnogrobiščnem obdobju, zato ne preseneča, da ima v njih izkopano keramično gradivo bolj malo primerjav s Stično, čeprav so ključnega pomena podobnosti s keramiko starejše stopnje zidu I. Tako na naseljih druge kot tudi prve skupine namreč zasledimo dobre primerjave latvicam s fasetiranimi rameni tipa 19 (sl. 68: 12; 46: La 19),755 pitosom tipa 1 (sl. 68: 1; 37: Pi 1),756 vrečastim loncem z okrasom odtisov prsta tipa 7a (sl. 68: 6; 39: L 7a)757 in loncem s stožčastim vratom tipa 1 (sl. 68: 9; 42: Lsv 1).758 Naselja druge skupine niso pomembna zgolj zaradi najdb keramičnih tipov, značilnih za najstarejšo stopnjo Stične. Pomenljivejše so primerjave, ki jih omogoča keramika iz mladohalštatskih in latenskih plasti. To velja tudi za naselja iz pete skupine (Kincelj nad Trbincem, Gradišče pri Valični vasi, Špičasti hrib nad Dolami pri Litiji, Sitarjevec nad Litijo, Pančičev vrh pod Javorjem in Gradiščica pri Jelšah), šeste (Zagradec nad Vodicami pri Gabrovki,759 Gradišče nad Dešnom760) in sedme skupine (Gradišče pri Suhadolah761). Gradivo iz naselij zadnjih dveh skupin omogoča nekoliko manj primerjav, saj so bila obljudena bodisi v mladohalštatskem bodisi le v (pozno)latenskem obdobju.762 Za naselja pete in šeste skupine je torej značilno, da so bila poseljena v mladohalštatskem obdobju. Vendar pa se zdi, da je bila poselitev nekoliko mlajša od izgradnje drugega zidu pri naseljih četrte in tretje skupine (sl. 81). To na eni strani nakazujejo razlike v zastopanosti rdeče-črno barvane keramike (sl. 70: 1-10; 37: Pi 2763 in sl. 43: C 1-3764), ki jo zasledimo le na gradiščih četrte in tretje skupine. Na drugi strani pa na mlajši čas certoške- 751 Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, 71 s, sl. 24. 752 Dular et al. 1991, 81-84, t. 11-21. 753 Dular et al. 1995, 99-103, t. 5-8. 754 Dular et al. 1991, 96-98, t. 42-44. 755 Prim. Dular et al. 1991, t. 9: 4, (5); isti 1995, t. 1: 5; 5: 10; podobne latvice s široko nažlebljenimi rameni: Dular, Križ 2004, t. 12: 16; Pavlin, Dular 2007, t. 4: 9. 756 Prim. Dular et al. 1991, t. 21: 10; Dular et al. 1995, t. 7: 5; 8: 4, 5. 757 Prim. Dular et al. 1991, t. 19: 7-9; Breščak, Dular 2002, sl. 11: 14, 15. 758 Prim. Dular et al. 1991, t. 9: 13; 11: 1. 759 Dular et al. 2003, 176-180, t. 10, 11. 760 Pavlin, Dular 2007, 73-78, t. 7-19. 761 Dular et al. 2003, 159-167, t. 1, 2: 1-4. 762 Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, 73, sl. 24. 763 Prim. Dular et al. 1991, t. 1: 6; 2: 5; Štibernik 1999, t. 11, 12. 764 Prim. Dular et al. 2000, t. 15: 7; Dular et al. 1995, t. 12: 11; Štibernik 1999, t. 13: 2, 3. Ajdovščina above Zboršt near Dol pri Ljubljani749 and Podturn,750 were already inhabited in the Late Bronze Age, abandoned for a long period and refortified in the Late Hallstatt or even the Late La Tene period.751 In their early occupation, the hillforts so the second group can be connected with those at Gradišče near Trebnje,752 Makovec above Zagorica pri Dobrniču753 and Zempoh above Ostrožnik near Mokronog,754 i.e. settlements of the first group inhabited already in the Urnfield culture period. Their ceramic assemblages include few parallels from Stična, but did reveal finds comparable with those of the early Wall I phase. The settlements of both the first and the second groups revealed parallels for the dishes with an inturned rim and a facetted shoulder of Type 19 (Figs. 68: 12; 46: La 19),755 the pithoi of Type 1 (Figs. 68: 1; 37: Pi 1),756 the bag-shaped jars with finger impressions of Variant 7a (Figs. 68: 6; 39: L 7a)757 and the jars with a conical neck of Type 1 (Figs. 68: 9; 42: Lsv 1).758 Apart from these early pottery types, the settlements of the second group are of further importance because of the parallels for the pottery from the Late Hallstatt and La Tene layers. This is also true of the settlements from the fifth (Kincelj above Trbinc, Gradišče near Valična vas, Špičasti hrib above Dole pri Litiji, Sitarjevec above Litija, Pančičev vrh below Javorje and Gradiščica near Jelše), sixth (Zagradec above Vodice pri Gabrovki,759 Gradišče above Dešen760) and seventh groups (Gradišče near Suhadole761). The finds from the last two groups, of settlements inhabited either in the Late Hallstatt or only in the (Late) La Tene period, revealed less comparable finds.762 The settlements of the fifth and sixth groups were occupied in the Late Hallstatt period. It seems, however, that the occupation is slightly later than the construction of the second rampart in the hillforts of the third and fourth groups (Fig. 81). This is indicated firstly by the differences in the representation of the black-on-red 749 Pavlin, Dular 2007, (66-73), 92 ff, Pls. 1-6. 750 Breščak, Dular 2002. 751 Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, 71 f, Fig. 24. 752 Dular et al. 1991, 114 ff, Pls. 11-21. 753 Dular et al. 1995, (99-103), 136 f, Pls. 5-8. 754 Dular et al. 1991, 129 ff, Pls. 42-44. 755 Cf. Dular et al. 1991, Pl. 9: 4, (5); idem 1995, Pls. 1: 5; 5: 10; similar dishes with an inturned rim and wide grooves on the shoulder: Dular, Križ 2004, Pl. 12: 16; Pavlin, Dular 2007, Pl. 4: 9. 756 Cf. Dular et al. 1991, Pl. 21: 10; Dular et al. 1995, Pls. 7: 5; 8: 4, 5. 757 Cf. Dular et al. 1991, Pl. 19: 7-9; Breščak, Dular 2002, Fig. 11: 14, 15. 758 Cf. Dular et al. 1991, Pls. 9: 13; 11: 1. 759 Dular et al. 2003, (176-180), 200 f, Pls. 10, 11. 760 Pavlin, Dular 2007, 73-78, Pls. 7-19. 761 Dular et al. 2003, (159-167), 198, Pls. 1, 2: 1-4. 762 Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, 73, Fig. 24. 270 4. PRIMERJAVA KERAMIKE IZ STIČNE .. 4. COMPARISON WITH THE CERAMIC ASSEMBLAGE .. ga in na negovski horizont kažejo tudi redke kovinske najdbe, kot so fragmentirana samostrelna certoška fibula vrste XIII po Teržanovi s Kinclja nad Trbincem,765 certoška fibula V. vrste po Teržanovi z Gradca pri Blečjem vrhu,766 noga certoške fibule vrste X po Teržanovi iz Podturna767 in zvezdasti obesek ter steklena jagoda v obliki ovnove glavice s Špičastega hriba pri Litiji.768 Dobre primerjave omogoča tudi keramika iz večjih in bolje raziskanih naselij druge (Dolenjske Toplice)769 in pete skupine (Valična vas).770 Vzporednice ji najdemo predvsem med najdbami stopnje stiškega zidu III (sl. 70: 40-62). Pri tem je pomenljivo, da je obzidje, datirano predvsem v mlajši čas stopnje certoških fibul in negovski horizont, ugotovljeno le na Gradišču pri Dolenjskih Toplicah771 in Špičastem hribu.772 V isti čas lahko sodita še starejši zid iz Ajdovščine nad Zborštom pri Dolu773 in z obzidjem utrjeno Gradišče nad Dešnom pri Litiji.774 V naselju iz Dolenjskih Toplic sta bila v sondi 5 in 6 odkrita celo dva zidova.775 Kljub temu da je mlajši ostal kronološko neopredeljen,776 se tu nakazuje situacija, primerljiva stopnjama zidu II in III iz Stične. Poleg Gradišča pri Suhadolah,777 ki je bilo utrjeno šele v mlajši železni dobi, sta bili na Špičastem hribu nad Dolami pri Litiji778 in Ajdovščini nad Zborštom pri Ljubljani779 odkriti poznolatenski obzidji. Podobno je z večjo mero zadržanosti datiran tudi zid iz Sv. Ane nad Vrhpečjo pri Trebnjem,780 vendar pa so z vidika keramike s Stično še primerljivejša naselja četrte in tretje skupine (sl. 81). Čeprav je bilo pri slednjih laten-sko obzidje ugotovljeno le na Velikem Vinjem vrhu,781 Cvingerju nad Koriti782 in Kostjavcu nad Tihabojem,783 lahko za vsa omenjena gradišča ugotavljamo, da so bila poseljena v istem času, kot je bilo ponovno utrjeno stiško naselje. Na stopnjo prečnega zidu 1 v Stični kažejo tako keramične kot tudi kovinske najdbe, kot so fibule tipa 765 Dular et al. 1991, 39, t. 37: 17. 766 Pavlin 2011, t. 4: 1. 767 Breščak, Dular 2002, 109 s, sl. 18: 1. 768 Dular et al. 2003, 175 s, op. 9 in 10, t. 7: 15, 16. 769 Teržan 1976; Dular, Križ 2004. 770 Teržan 1973; Dular, Breščak 1996. 771 Dular, Križ 2004, 216 ss, sl. 12, 21; pril. 1: A, 2: A. 772 Dular et al. 2003, 174, pril. 1. 773 Pavlin, Dular 2007, 66 ss, 73; sl. 3. 774 Pavlin, Dular 2007, 74 s, sl. 9-11. 775 Dular, Križ 2004, 225 ss, sl. 32, 33, 35; pril. 5. 776 Dular, Križ 2004, 228. 777 Dular et al. 2003, 159 ss, pril. 1. 778 Dular et al. 2003, 174 s, sl. 21, pril. 5. 779 Pavlin, Dular 2007, 69 ss; sl. 4, 5; pril. 5. 780 Dular et al. 1991, t. 78, sl. 19. 781 Dular et al. 2000, 138 s, sl. 18; pril. 2: A, C. 782 Dular et al. 1995, 107 ss, sl. 29; pril. 2 - prim. Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, sl. 47: B. 783 Dular et al. 2003, 185 ss, sl. 33, 35; pril. 3: A, D. painted ware (Figs. 70: 1-10; 37: Pi 2763 and Fig. 43: C 1-3764), only encountered in the settlements of the third and fourth groups. Secondly, the later date, of the Cer-tosa Fibulae and Negova phases, is indicated by the rare metal finds such as the fragmented Certosa fibula with a long spring of Type XIII after Teržan from Kincelj above Trbinc,765 the Certosa fibula of Type V after Teržan from Gradec near Blečji vrh,766 the foot of a Certosa fibula of Type X after Teržan from Podturn,767 as well as the star-shaped pendant and the glass bead in the shape of a ram's head from Špičasti hrib near Litija.768 The pottery from the large and relatively well investigated sites of the second (Dolenjske Toplice)769 and fifth groups (Valična vas)770 revealed particularly close comparisons for the finds of Stična's Wall III phase (Fig. 70: 40-62). Having said that, a rampart datable to the late part of the Certosa Fibulae and the Negova phases was only unearthed at Gradišče near Dolenjske Toplice 771 and Špičasti hrib;772 the early rampart at Ajdovščina above Zboršt near Dol pri Ljubljani773 and the rampart at Gradišče above Dešen near Litija774 may also date to this time. The settlement at Dolenjske Toplice revealed two walls in Trenches 5 and 6,775 with the later one chronologically undetermined,776 but possibly indicating a similar situation as that with Walls II and III at Stična. A Late La Tene rampart was also found at Gradišče near Suhadole,777 which was first fortified in the Late Iron Age, as well as Špičasti hrib above Dole pri Litiji778 and Ajdovščina above Zboršt near Dol pri Ljubljani.779 A similar date, though with less certainty, was offered for the rampart at Sv. Ana above Vrhpeč near Trebnje.780 Even more closely comparable in that respect are the hillforts of the third and fourth groups (Fig. 81) that were also inhabited in the La Tene period, though only those at Veliki 763 Cf. Dular et al. 1991, Pls. 1: 6; 2: 5; Štibernik 1999, Pls. 11, 12. 764 Cf. Dular et al. 2000, Pl. 15: 7; Dular et al. 1995, Pl. 12: 11; Štibernik 1999, Pl. 13: 2, 3. 765 Dular et al. 1991, 39, Pl. 37: 17. 766 Pavlin 2011, Pl. 4: 1. 767 Breščak, Dular 2002, 115, Fig. 18: 1. 768 Dular et al. 2003, (175 f, Fns. 9 and 10), 199 f, Pl. 7: 15, 16. 769 Teržan 1976; Dular, Križ 2004. 770 Teržan 1973; Dular, Breščak 1996. 771 Dular, Križ 2004, (216 ff), 237 f, Figs. 12, 21; Apps. 1: A, 2: A. 772 Dular et al. 2003, 199, App. 1. 773 Pavlin, Dular 2007, (66 ff), 92 ff, 73; Fig. 3. 774 Pavlin, Dular 2007, (74 f), 95, Figs. 9-11. 775 Dular, Križ 2004, (225 ff), 237 f, Figs. 32, 33, 35; App. 5. 776 Dular, Križ 2004, 228. 777 Dular et al. 2003, (159 ff), 198, App. 1. 778 Dular et al. 2003, (174 f), 199 f, Fig. 21, App. 5. 779 Pavlin, Dular 2007, 94 ff; Figs. 4, 5; App. 5. 780 Dular et al. 1991, Pl. 78, Fig. 19. 271 4. PRIMERJAVA KERAMIKE IZ STIČNE .. 4. COMPARISON WITH THE CERAMIC ASSEMBLAGE .. Almgren 65, Nauheim in Nova vas iz Podturna784 ter bradavičast obroček s Korinjskega hriba.785 Med keramiko naj omenim pogoste najdbe z glavničenjem ali metličenjem okrašenih loncev (sl. 81 - prim. sl. 78: 7-10, 28-31; 41: L 34, L 35) in lonce z odebeljenim robom ustja (prim. sl. 78: 11-16, 32-34; 42: L 37-L 42). Redkeje se pojavlja grafitna keramika (prim. sl. 78: 1-6; 41: L 36).786 Pri fini keramiki, izdelani na vretenu, prevladujejo fragmenti glinenk (prim. sl. 44), ki jim najverjetneje pripadajo tudi fragmenti z žigosanim okrasom koncentričnih krožcev.787 Z izjemo posamičnih fragmentov močno profilira-nih pokalov tipa 3 (sl. 78: 36; 44: P 3), ki ju poznamo s Špičastega hriba788 in Sitarjevca nad Litijo,789 ne zasledimo najdb, ki bi izrazito kazale na čas mlajše poznola-tenske stopnje v Stični (npr. pitosi tipa 3 - sl. 78: 23; 37: Pi 3). Kljub temu pa ne moremo izključiti možnosti, da je tudi na drugih dolenjskih gradiščih poznolatenska poselitev trajala še v času stopnje Mokronog IIIb.790 Ze v Stični, kjer je bilo več poznolatenskih utrdbenih faz dobro izpričanih s kamnitimi tlaki na zunanjem pobočju in zidovi na terasah v notranjosti naselja, je bilo namreč z vidika keramike mogoče ugotavljati razlike med starejšo in mlajšo stopnjo le s tipološko-statistično analizo. Vinji vrh,781 Cvinger above Korita782 and Kostjavec above Tihaboj783 revealed a La Tene rampart. This may be paralleled with the first crosswall phase at Stična, as indicated by both the ceramic and the metal finds like the Almgren 65, Nauheim and Nova vas fibulae from Podturn784 and the knob-shaped pendant from Korinjski hrib.785 The comparable pottery includes frequent combed or brushed jars (Fig. 81 - cf. Figs. 78: 7-10, 28-31; 41: L 34, L 35) and the jars with a thickened rim (cf. Figs. 78: 11-16, 32-34; 42: L 37-L 42). Graphite ware is less common (cf. Figs. 78: 1-6; 41: L 36).786 The wheel-thrown fineware mostly consists of flask fragments (cf. Fig. 44), with the fragments with stamped ring-and-dots possibly also representing such flasks.787 With the exception of individual fragments of the moulded goblets of Type 3 (Figs. 78: 36; 44: P 3) known from Špičasti hrib788 and Sitarjevec above Litija,789 there are no parallels for the finds of the late part of the Late La Tene phase at Stična (e.g. pithoi of Type 3 - Figs. 78: 23; 37: Pi 3). We cannot, however, exclude the possibility that at other hillforts in Dolenjska as well, Late La Tene habitation continued into Mokronog IIIb.790 This possibility is indicated by the fact that at Stična, which revealed several Late La Tene fortification phases with stone pavings on the exterior slopes and the walls on the terraces in the interior, the division into an early and a late phase could only be made on the basis of a typo-statistical analysis of the recovered pottery. 784 Breščak, Dular 2002, sl. 18: 6-9 - prim. Božič 1999a, 211 s; isti 2008, 45 ss. 785 Dular et al. 1995, t. 3: 9 - prim. Božič 1999a, 211 s. 786 Stari grad v Podbočju: Guštin et al. 1993, sl. 7: 10; 9: 7; Gradec pri Blečjem Vrhu: Pavlin 2011, t. 6: 10; 7: 10; Vače: Schmid 1939, Abb. 23: 30; Pančičev vrh pod Javorjem: Pavlin, Dular 2007, t. 23: 8; Gradišče pri Suhadolah: Dular et al. 2003, t. 1: 12. 787 Cvinger nad Koriti: Dular et al. 1995, t. 16: 11; Gradec pri Vinkovem Vrhu: Dular et al. 1996, t. 22: 12; Gradec pri Blečjem Vrhu: Pavlin 2011, t. 8: 12; Valična vas: Dular, Breščak 1996, t. 3: 14; Sitarjevec nad Litijo: Pavlin, Dular 2007, t. 22: 12; Pančičev vrh pod Javorjem: Pavlin, Dular 2007, t. 23: 10, 11 in Gradišca pri Jelšah: Pavlin, Dular 2007, t. 22: 19 -prim. sl. 61; 59: O 24b, d. 788 Dular et al. 2003, t. 9: 9. 789 Pavlin, Dular 2007, t. 21: 11. 790 Prim. Božič 1999a, 212; Breščak, Dular 2002, 109. 781 Dular et al. 2000, (138 f), 150, Fig. 18; App. 2: A, C. 782 Dular et al. 1995, (107 ff), 133 ff, Fig. 29; App. 2 - cf. Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, Fig. 47: B. 783 Dular et al. 2003, (185 ff), 201 f, Figs. 33, 35; App. 3: A, D. 784 Breščak, Dular 2002, Fig. 18: 6-9 - cf. Božič 1999a, 199 f; idem 2008, 45 ff. 785 Dular et al. 1995, Pl. 3: 9 - cf. Božič 1999a, 199 f. 786 Stari grad above Podbočje: Guštin et al. 1993, Figs. 7: 10; 9: 7; Gradec near Blečji Vrh: Pavlin 2011, Pls. 6: 10; 7: 10; Vače: Schmid 1939, Fig. 23: 30; Pančičev vrh below Javorje: Pavlin, Dular 2007, Pl. 23: 8; Gradišče near Suhadole: Dular et al. 2003, Pl. 1: 12. 787 Cvinger above Korita: Dular et al. 1995, Pl. 16: 11; Gradec near Vinkov Vrh: Dular et al. 1996, Pl. 22: 12; Gradec near Blečji Vrh: Pavlin 2011, Pl. 8: 12; Valična vas: Dular, Breščak 1996, Pl. 3: 14; Sitarjevec above Litija: Pavlin, Dular 2007, Pl. 22: 12; Pančičev vrh below Javorje: Pavlin, Dular 2007, Pl. 23: 10, 11 and Gradišca near Jelše: Pavlin, Dular 2007, Pl. 22: 19 - cf. Figs. 61; 59: O 24b, d. 788 Dular et al. 2003, Pl. 9: 9. 789 Pavlin, Dular 2007, Pl. 21: 11. 790 Cf. Božič 1999a, 200 f; Breščak, Dular 2002, 115. 272 5. SKLEP 5. CONCLUSION Naselbinska izkopavanja v Stični so gotovo prva in po merilu takratnih izkopavalnih tehnik najmodernejša izkopavanja prazgodovinskega naselja pri nas, zaradi česar predstavljajo izhodišče za vsa nadaljnja naselbinska raziskovanja v širšem dolenjskem prostoru,791 ki so privedla do prve moderne študije interdisciplinarnega značaja o Dolenjski v železni dobi.792 Izkopavanja v Stični so namreč kmalu po svojem začetku dala vpogled v strukturo takratnih naselij. Tu mislimo predvsem na način gradnje obzidij in stratigrafijo tik ob zidovih ter ne nazadnje tudi na vpogled v naselbinsko materialno kulturo,793 ki pa je v celoti predstavljena šele v tem delu, posvečenem keramičnim najdbam. Obravnava naselbinske keramike temelji na podrobnem stratigrafskem pregledu odkritih struktur in kulturnih plasti, ki sem se mu posvetila v prvem delu. Na tej podlagi je bila možna tipološko-statistična obravnava keramičnih najdb, s katero sem želela pridobiti dobro osnovo za podrobnejšo kronološko opredelitev stopenj stiškega naselja, datacijo izgradnje odkritih obzidij (sl. 82), ki odsevajo poselitveno dinamiko in spremembe poselitvenih struktur v železni dobi na Dolenjskem. Začetek poselitve v naselbini Cvinger pri Viru nad Stično predstavlja postavitev zidu I. Da je bil ta zgrajen na začetku halštatskega obdobja, je pokazal že Gabrovec,794 ko je opozoril na skodelico s presegajočim ročajem (t. 35: 3), najdeno v plasti k zidu I, ki je enaka skodelici iz žganega groba 48/101.795 Medtem ko je s to najdbo dobro izpričano relativno kronološko mesto utrdbe stiškega gradišča, pa je bil še pred predstavitvijo in obdelavo vsega keramičnega gradiva različno datiran konec stopnje zidu I. Poleg Gabrovca796 sta kronološki 791 Dular et al. 1991, 66. 792 Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007. 793 Gabrovec 1994. 794 Gabrovec et al. 1969, 188 = isti 1970; Gabrovec 1994, 152 ss. 795 Gabrovec et al. 1969, sl. 2: 6 = Gabrovec et al. 2006, 77 s; t. 59: 4. 796 Gabrovec 1994, 152 ss; Gabrovec et al. 1969, 188 ss = isti 1970. The excavations at the Stična hillfort were certainly the first, but also the most advanced archaeological investigation of a prehistoric settlement in Slovenia of the time and, as such, represented the starting point for later excavations of the hillforts in Dolenjska.791 These culminated in the first modern interdisciplinary study of the settlement in the Iron Age Dolenjska.792 The excavations at Stična were the first to offer an insight into the structure of these hillforts, i.e. the construction of the rampart, the stratigraphy associated with the different phases of the ramparts, but also the small finds that the life in the hillfort left behind.793 With the ceramic assemblage presented in this publication, the material culture of the Stična hillfort is finally integrally published. The analysis of the ceramic assemblage from the Stična hillfort is based on a detailed analysis of the stratigraphic context of individual structures and cultural layers, followed by a typo-statistical analysis of the assemblage that finally led to a detailed chronological determination of individual phases of the Stična hillfort and the phases of its rampart, the date of the construction of individual ramparts (Fig. 82), which reflect the wider settlement dynamics and the changes in the settlement structure in the Iron Age of Dolenjska. The beginning of habitation at Stična, more precisely on the hill of Cvinger near Vir pri Stični, is marked by the construction of the rampart, i.e. Wall I. It was constructed at the beginning of the Hallstatt period, which was first observed by Gabrovec794 who noted the similarity between the small bowl with a high handle (Pl. 35: 3) from a layer associated with Wall I and the small bowl of the same form found in cremation Grave 48/101 below the hillfort.795 The relative date for the construction of the rampart was thus established, while the end of the Wall I phase remained a point of dispute. In addition 791 Dular et al. 1991, 134 f. 792 Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007. 793 Gabrovec 1994. 794 Gabrovec et al. 1970, 25; Gabrovec 1994, 153 ff. 795 Gabrovec et al. 1970, Fig. 2: 6 = Gabrovec et al. 2006, 77 f; Pl. 59: 4. 273 5. SKLEP 5. CONCLUSION Sl. 82: Primerjalna kronološka tabela. Fig. 82: Comparative chronological table. oris halštatskih stopenj Stične podala še Teržanova in Dular (sl. 82). Gabrovec je uničenje zidu I postavil na začetek horizonta Stična. Pojav rdeče-črno barvane keramike je zaznal šele v žganinskih plasteh, ki označujejo konec najstarejšega zidu.797 Gre za prehodno, kratkotrajno stopnjo, ko je bil vsaj južni del gradišča neobzidan, o čemer pričajo žganinski ostanki objektov med zidovoma I in II. Slednji je bil po Gabrovcu zgrajen še v času horizonta Stična. Stopnja zidu II, za katero so 797 Gabrovec 1994, 152, t. 9: 11-13. to Gabrovec,796 the chronology of the Hallstatt phases at the Stična hillfort was also discussed by Teržan and Dular (Fig. 82). Gabrovec dated the destruction of Wall I to the beginning of the Stična phase on the basis of the appearance of the black-on-red painted ware. He only observed this ware in the layers of burnt material marking the end of the earliest wall,797 interpreted here as the remains of the transitional and short-lived phase during which at 796 Gabrovec 1994, 153 ff; Gabrovec et al. 1970, 25 ff. 797 Gabrovec 1994, 155, Pl. 9: 11-13. 274 5. SKLEP 5. CONCLUSION značilni rdeče-črno barvana keramika, žlebljeni okrasi in podkvaste nalepke,798 traja ves kačasti horizont, vse do konca uporabe zidu II nekje na začetku certoškega horizonta. Najmlajšo stopnjo halštatske poselitve, ki je vezana na najslabše ohranjen zid III, je Gabrovec zgolj okvirno postavil v mlajši čas certoškega in negovski horizont. Kot pomembnejša je omenil nagubano keramiko ter pojav žigosanega okrasa koncentričnih krožcev na prostoročno izdelanem posodju.799 Podobno kot Gabrovec je sprva podala kronološki oris poselitve Stične tudi Teržanova.800 Pri objavi rezultatov izkopavanj v sondah na prečnem, latenskodobnem obzidju je tamkaj odkrite plasti in halštatske objekte povezala s posameznimi fazami, določenimi z zidovi zunanjega obzidja. Obe hiši iz sonde 18 ter hiše 1, 2 in 3 iz sonde 19 je postavila predvsem v čas zidu II, pri čemer je njegov nastanek postavila na začetek horizonta Stična. Kot mladohalštatske je opredelila ostaline hiše 4 iz sonde 19, ki jo je povezala z zidom III. Kronologije stiškega naselja se je Teržanova dotaknila še v okviru svoje študije o skitskih vplivih na železnodobno kulturo panonskega in južnoalpskega prostora, kjer se je osredotočila na Gabrovčevo datacijo zunanjih halštatskih obzidij, predvsem čas zidu I in II.801 Pri tem se ji je zdela problematična predvsem datacija propada zidu I. Ta dogodek je povezala z vpadi skupin skitskega porekla in ga postavila na konec horizonta Stična. Na drugi strani je gradnjo zidu II sedaj postavila šele na začetek certoškega horizonta, saj naj bi po njenem mnenju ves čas kačastega horizonta naselje živelo brez obzidja. Argumentom Teržanove je, vsaj kar se tiče konca zidu I, pritrdil tudi Dular.802 Glede začetka gradnje zidu II oziroma časa trajanja vmesne stopnje brez obzidja pa je zavzel Gabrovcu podobno mnenje. Tako na podlagi stratigrafskih podatkov stiških izkopavanj kot tudi iz lastnih raziskovanj številnih drugih gradišč dolenjske skupine ter zavoljo boljšega poznavanja še neobjavljene keramike iz Stične je namreč pokazal, da stopnja med zidom I in II ni trajala dalj časa.803 Če je pri vseh dosedanjih obravnavah Stične datacija temeljila le na manjšem izboru keramike ter drobnih kovinskih najdbah, je namen mojega dela dodatna razjasnitev oziroma dopolnitev kronološke sheme z vidika vseh keramičnih najdb. Kot rečeno, omogoča datacijo začetka poselitve v Stični že najdba skodelice s presegajočim ročajem in okrasom vrezanega motiva jelkove vejice (t. 35:3). Ta kaže na tesne povezave z ljubljansko žarnogrobiščno skupino, na katero se na- 798 Gabrovec 1994, 152 s, t. 10: 1-3. 799 Gabrovec 1994, 154, t. 10: 4-10. 800 Teržan 1994, 130. 801 Teržan 1998, 527 s, op. 114-116. 802 Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, 90. 803 Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, 91 ss; op. 193, 197. least the southern part of the hillfort existed without its rampart, as evidenced by the burnt remains of the buildings between Walls I and II. According to Gabrovec, Wall II was constructed still in the Stična phase. The Wall II phase was marked by black-on-red painting, grooves and horseshoe-shaped decoration,798 lasted throughout the Serpentine Fibulae phase and ended at the beginning of the Certosa Fibulae phase. Gabrovec tentatively dated the last phase of Hallstatt habitation, connected with the poorly preserved Wall III, to the late part of the Certosa Fibulae and to the Negova phases. He mentioned indented pottery and the appearance of stamped ring-and-dots on hand-built vessels as chronologically relevant.799 The chronology proposed by Teržan was initially very similar to that of Gabrovec.800 In the excavation report on the trenches on the La Tene crosswall, she attributed the layers and the Hallstatt buildings to individual phases determined on the rampart. Both houses from Trench 18, as well as Houses 1, 2 and 3 from Trench 19 were thus attributed mainly to the Wall II phase, the beginning of which she set to the beginning of the Stična phase. The remains of House 4 from Trench 19, associated with Wall III, were deemed as Late Hallstatt. Teržan returned to the Stična chronology in her study on the Scythian influences in the Iron Age cultures of the Pannonian and southern Alpine regions, where she focused primarily on the Wall I and Wall II phases and the definition of these phases proposed by Gabrovec on the basis of the evidence from the rampart.801 She found that the date for the end of Wall I was particularly problematic. She tied this end with the incursions of the groups of Scythian origin and set it to the end of the Stična phase. After the incursions, she believed that the settlement existed without a rampart throughout the Serpentine Fibulae phase and only received Wall II at the beginning of the Certosa Fibulae phase. Dular accepted her interpretation as far as the end of Wall I was concerned.802 To the contrary, his interpretation of the beginning of Wall II and the duration of the unfortified transition phase was closer to that proposed by Gabrovec. Based on stratigraphic evidence at Stična, his investigations on other hillforts of the Dolenjska group and a better knowledge of the then unpublished pottery from Stična, he showed that the phase between Walls I and II was not a long one.803 The aim of a thorough analysis of the ceramic assemblage from Stična is to clarify or add to the discussion on the chronological framework of the Stična hillfort. As mentioned above, the ceramic find that reveals the beginning of habitation at the Stična hillfort is the small 798 Gabrovec 1994, 155 ff, Pl. 10: 1-3. 799 Gabrovec 1994, 157, Pl. 10: 4-10. 800 Teržan 1994, 129. 801 Teržan 1998, 527 f, Fns. 114-116. 802 Dular, Tecco-Hvala 2007, 90. 803 Dular, Tecco-Hvala 2007, 90 ff; Fns. 193, 197. 275 5. SKLEP 5. CONCLUSION vezujeta tudi najstarejša grobova iz stiške gomile 48.804 Podobno velja za preostalo keramiko iz plasti k zidu I, saj je izrazita žarnogrobiščna tradicija glavna značilnost predvsem starejše stopnje zidu (sl. 68: 1-20). Za starejšo stopnjo prvega obzidja so najbolj značilni lonci z visokim stožčastim vratom tipa 1 (sl. 68: 9; 42: Lsv 1) in vrečasti lonci (sl. 68: 2-6). Ti so neokrašeni (sl. 38: L 1) ali pa imajo pritrjene manjše jezičaste držaje (sl. 38: L 4), bradavice (sl. 38: L 5); lahko so okrašeni z gladkimi (sl. 38: L 2) ali razčlenjenimi, vodoravnimi rebri (sl. 38: L 3), redkeje odtisi ali vrezi (sl. 39: L 7). Pogoste so latvice, med katerimi kaže omeniti za kronološko opredelitev pomembne latvice s fasetiranimi rameni (sl. 68: 12; 46: La 19). Sicer so med latvicami iz najstarejših plasti značilne predvsem latvice z jezičastimi držaji (sl. 68: 14; 45: La 7; 46: La 18) ali ušesci (sl. 68: 15,16; 45: La 9, 10; 46: La 16, 17). Za starejšo stopnjo zidu I so značilni še pitosi z masivnimi jezičastimi držaji tipa 1a (sl. 37: Pi 1a), vendar pa izvira najbolje ohranjen primerek šele iz žganinske plasti prehodne stopnje (t. 53:1 = sl. 68: 1). Kljub temu lahko tudi ta pitos dobro primerjamo z žarnogrobiščno keramiko, na primer z žarami iz ljubljanskih grobov,805 medtem ko je Teržanova pri njem prepoznala skitoidne elemente.806 Pojav novih keramičnih oblik, kot so narebreni, rdeče-črno barvani pitosi tipa 2 (sl. 68: 21; 37: Pi 2), rdeče-črno barvani ciboriji (lahko tudi situle) tipa 1-3 (sl. 68: 24, 25; 43: C 1-3), buče z vodoravno kaneliranimi vratovi (sl. 68: 23; 43: B) ter sklede z nagubanim ostenjem predvsem tipa 10 (sl. 68: 27; 47: Sk 10), je vezan na mlajšo stopnjo zidu I. Ta je stratigrafsko najbolje izpričana v južnem delu naselja, kjer je bilo v sondah 17, 16A in 14 (t. 5:1-10; 13; 14:1-9; 20:13-16; 21:1-13) ugotovljeno popravilo zidu. V mlajši čas stopnje prvega zidu sodita tudi hiša 1 v sondi 18 (t. 77) ter hiša 2 v sondi 19 (t. 81) iz notranjega dela naselja (sl. 67). Kronološko opredelitev z vidika keramike sem izvedla s primerjavami z bolje datiranimi grobnimi celotami,807 podprle pa so jo tudi redke kovinske najdbe (sl. 68: 28-31). Oboje kaže, da sodi starejša stopnja zidu I v čas stopnje Podzemelj in vsaj še na začetek stopnje Stična 1, medtem ko je mlajša stopnja najstarejšega zidu datirana v čas stopnje Stična 2 (sl. 82). Mlajši stopnji zidu I, ki jo zaznamujejo poškodbe in opustitev zidu, sledi prehodna stopnja. Ta je opredeljena na podlagi žganinskih plasti med zidovoma I in II (sl. 67),808 odkritih predvsem v sondah na južnem delu obzidja; to je v sondah 17, 16A, 14, 4, 13, 12 in 6 (t. 5: 804 Gabrovec et al. 1969, 188, op. 56, sl. 2 = isti 1970; Gab-rovec 1999, 179; prim. Gabrovec 1964-1965, 26 ss; isti 1973, 348; Teržan 2008, 244, 277 ss. 805 Puš 1971, t. 2: 2; 24: 9; 26: 8. 806 Teržan 1998, 527: op. 114. 807 Glej pri poglavju 3.6.2.1.1. 808 Prim. pril. 2, 3, 5 in 8-11. bowl with a high handle and an incised pine-sprig motif (Pl. 35: 3). This bowl shows close ties with the Ljubljana Urnfield culture group, similarly as the earliest two graves from Tumulus 48 at Stična.804 Not limited to the bowl, a distinct Urnfield culture tradition is the main characteristic of the pottery associated with Wall I in general (Fig. 68: 1-20), but particularly its early part. The ceramic forms most typical of the early part of the Wall I phase are the jars with a high conical neck of Type 1 (Figs. 68: 9; 42: Lsv 1) and bag-shaped jars (Fig. 68: 2-6). The latter jars are either plain (Fig. 38: L 1), have small tongue-shaped lugs (Fig. 38: L 4) or knobs (Fig. 38: L 5), but may also bear cordons, either plain (Fig. 38: L 2) or decorated with impressions (Fig. 38: L 3), in rare examples the jars also bear impressions or incisions (Fig. 39: L 7). Dishes with an inturned rim are also common, which include the chronologically significant dishes with an inturned rim and a facetted shoulder (Figs. 68: 12; 46: La 19), but also very typical dishes with an inturned rim and tongue-shaped (Figs. 68: 14; 45: La 7; 46: La 18) or perforated lugs (Figs. 68: 15, 16; 45: La 9, 10; 46: La 16, 17). Also typical of the early part are the pithoi with large tongue-shaped lugs of Variant 1a (Fig. 37: Pi 1a), of which the best surviving example came to light in a layer of burnt material attributed to the transition phase (Pl. 53:1 = Fig. 68: 1). Notwithstanding, this pithos is comparable with the Urnfield culture pottery, for example the urns from the graves in Ljubljana.805 We should also mention that Teržan observed Scythian elements in these pithoi.806 The appearance of new ceramic forms such as cordoned black-on-red painted pithoi of Type 2 (Figs. 68: 21; 37: Pi 2), black-on-red painted footed b owls (p ossibly situlae) of Types 1-3 (Figs. 68: 24, 25; 43: C 1-3), globular jars with shallow horizontal grooves on the neck (Fig. 68: 23; 43: B) and indented dishes mainly of Type 10 (Figs. 68: 27; 47: Sk 10) is characterised by the late part of the Wall I phase. This subphase is stratigraphically most reliably documented in the southern part of the hillfort, where Trenches 17, 16A and 14 (Pls. 5:1-10; 13; 14:1-9; 20: 13-16; 21:1-13) revealed repairs to Wall I. Also attributable to the late part are House 1 in Trench 18 (Pl. 77) and House 2 in Trench 19 (Pl. 81) from the hillfort interior (Fig. 67). Comparing the ceramic finds from the hillfort with the reliably dated grave groups,807 as well as with the rare metal finds from the hillfort (Fig. 68: 28-31) has shown that the early part of the Wall I phase can be attributed to the Podzemelj phase and at least the beginning of the Stična 1 phase, while the late part is attributable to the Stična 2 phase (Fig. 82). 804 Gabrovec et al. 1970, 25, Fn. 56, Fig. 2; Gabrovec 1999, 153; cf. Gabrovec 1966c, 9 ff; idem 1973, 370; Teržan 2008, 245, 277 ff. 805 Puš 1971, Pls. 2: 2; 24: 9; 26: 8. 806 Teržan 1998, 527: Fn. 114. 807 See in Chapter 3.6.2.1.1. 276 5. SKLEP 5. CONCLUSION 11 - 14; 15; 21: 15, 16; 37: 4 - 11; 40; 53; 54: 1 - 16; 55: 1-10) ter v sondi 1 (pril. 12). Za keramiko iz plasti prehodne stopnje je značilno predvsem nadaljevanje keramičnih tipov iz mlajšega dela stopnje zidu I (sl. 68: 32-49). Kot pomembno novost naj omenim le lonce tipa 29 s sestavljenim okrasom vodoravnih žlebov in odtisov (sl. 68: 40, 41; 41: L 29). Kot značilnejši keramični tipi se kažejo še lonci z nižjim stožčastim vratom tipa 2 (sl. 68: 43; 42: Lsv 2), lonci z vodoravno kaneliranimi rameni tipa 33 (sl. 68: 42; 41: L 33) in sklede tipa 3 s poševno kaneliranim ostenjem (sl. 68: 45; 47: Sk 3). Sicer se pri keramiki prehodne stopnje v primerjavi s keramiko mlajše stopnje zidu I še največje razlike kažejo v načinu izvedbe in obliki okrasa. Značilni so namreč predvsem različni žlebljeni okrasi (sl. 68: 40, 41, 44, 45, 47-49, 58: O 15a), ki kažejo na primerjave s keramiko 2. in 3. horizonta Poštele.809 O povezavah s štajersko skupino najizrazitejše priča najdba sklede z žigosanim okrasom in vtisnjenim motivom girlande (t. 14: 2), ki jo je izpostavil že Gabrovec,810 vendar ta ne izvira neposredno iz plasti prehodne stopnje, saj je bila najdena še v najmlajši plasti k zidu I v sondi 16A. Keramika iz žganinskih plasti med zidovoma I in II kaže, da gre prehodno stopnjo, ko je bil južni del naselja neobzidan, kronološko umestiti v čas prehoda stopnje Stična-Novo mesto v stopnjo kačastih fibul. Pri tem gre očitno za kratkotrajno obdobje (sl. 82), saj plasti prehodne stopnje sploh niso bile odkrite v vseh sondah z zunanjega obzidja. Prav tako je vprašljivo povezovanje (vseh) žganinskih plasti iz sond na prečnem obzidju s plastmi med zidovoma I in II v sondah z južnega dela gradišča. S primerjavo keramike in stratigrafskih podatkov iz hiše k zidu II v sondah 3 in 7 (t. 27; 28; 31: 3, 4; 32; 33:1-6) ter iz hiše 3 v sondi 19 (t. 82: 6-13; 83, 84) sem pokazala, da je debel žganinski sloj iz hiše 19/3 mlajši od žganinskih plasti prehodne stopnje. Zato datacija prehodne stopnje vse do certoškega horizonta, ki jo je podala Teržanova, ni primerna,811 pri čemer naj poudarim, da je Teržanova kronološko opredelitev utemeljevala predvsem z najdbo drobne ločne fibule v žganinski plasti hiše 3 iz sonde 19 (sl. 70: 34). Po večjem požaru, s katerim je domnevno povezano uničenje lesenih objektov, zgrajenih v času opuščenega zidu I, je bil postavljen zid II. Kljub temu da je bilo v sondi 3 mogoče odkriti več plasti k drugemu zidu (sl. 8), pa niti stratigrafski podatki iz drugih sond niti statistična obravnava posameznih tipov keramike ne omogočajo razčlenitve stopnje zidu II (sl. 69). To označujejo predvsem najdbe iz hiše v sondah 3 in 7 (t. 31: 3, 4; 32; 33:1-6 in t. 27; 28), ki omogočajo povezave 809 Teržan 1990, 32 s, t. 1: 5; 11: 5; 14: 19; 23: 17; 39: 1, 14; 40: 1-3, 5, 11; 42: 3, 10. 810 Gabrovec 1994, 152, t. 9: 14. 811 Teržan 1998, 527 s; op. 116. The late part of the Wall I phase, marked by damage and final abandonment of the rampart, is followed by the transition phase. It is defined on the basis of the layers of burnt remains between Walls I and II (Fig. 67),808 which mainly came to light in Trenches 17, 16A, 14, 4, 13, 12, 6 (Pls. 5:11 - 14; 15; 21:15,16; 37:4 - 11; 40; 53; 54:1 - 16; 55:1-10) in the southern part of the hillfort and in Trench 1 in the south-western part (App. 12). The pottery of the transition phase is a continuation of the previous phase, more precisely of the late part of the Wall I phase (Fig. 68: 32-49). An important novelty is the jars of Type 29 with a composite design of horizontal grooves and impressions (Figs. 68: 40, 41; 41: L 29). The typical pottery forms now include the jars with a lower conical neck of Type 2 (Figs. 68: 43; 42: Lsv 2), the jars with shallow horizontal grooves on the shoulder of Type 33 (Figs. 68: 42; 41: L 33) and the dishes of Type 3 with oblique shallow grooves on the body (Figs. 68: 45; 47: Sk 3). The most apparent differences between the pottery of the late Wall I phase and that of the transition phase are in the decorative techniques and motifs. The latter pottery is mainly characterised by various grooves (Figs. 68: 40, 41, 44, 45, 47-49, 58: O 15a) comparable with those on the pottery of the Poštela II and III horizons.809 The clearest evidence of the connections with the Štajerska group, however, is provided by the dish with stamped encircled crosses combined with oval impressions to form double garlands (Pl. 14: 2), noted already by Gabrovec.810 This dish, however, was unearthed in the last layer associated with Wall I in Trench 16A. The pottery from the layers of burnt remains between Walls I and II shows that the transition phase, when at least the southern part of the hillfort was unfortified, should be attributed to the transition from the Stična-Novo mesto to the Serpentine Fibulae phase. Not all of the trenches on the rampart revealed this transition layer, which proves that the transition phase could not have lasted long (Fig. 82). The question that remains open is whether (all) the layers of burnt material in the trenches on the crosswall, in the hillfort interior, can be brought into connection with those excavated in the southern part of the hillfort. A comparison of the pottery and stratigraphic data from House 3-7 associated with Wall II in Trenches 3 and 7 (Pls. 27; 28; 31: 3, 4; 32; 33: 1-6) with that from House 3 in Trench 19 (Pls. 82: 6-13; 83, 84) revealed the thick layer of burnt material from House 19/3 to be later than the layers of burnt material of the transition phase. This refutes the long duration of the transition phase up to the Certosa Fibulae phase as proposed by Teržan,811 who 808 Cf. Apps. 2, 3, 5 and 8-11. 809 Teržan 1990, 33 f, Pls. 1: 5; 11: 5; 14: 19; 23: 17; 39: 1, 14; 40: 1-3, 5, 11; 42: 3, 10. 810 Gabrovec 1994, 155, Pl. 9: 14. 811 Teržan 1998, 527 f; Fn. 116. 277 5. SKLEP 5. CONCLUSION s hišo 3 iz sonde 19 (t. 82: 6-13; 83, 84). V stopnjo zidu II sodi tudi hiša 2 iz sonde 18 (t. 78). Za keramiko iz plasti stopnje zidu II je značilna pogostost rdeče-črno barvanega okrasa (sl. 70: 1-32). Poleg rdeče-črno barvanega posodja, ki je zastopano s pitosi tipa 2 (sl. 70: 1; 37: Pi 2) in ciboriji tipa 1 do 3 (sl. 70: 2-10; 43: C 1-3), je treba omeniti še vrečaste lonce z okrasom podkvastih nalepk tipa 6 (sl. 70: 11; 38: L 6) ter pogosteje zastopane lonce z lijakasto izvihanim ustjem (sl. 70: 14-16). Kot značilne keramične oblike se kažejo še latvice s poudarjenim robom ustja tipa 15 (sl. 70: 24, 25; 46: La 15), latvice z vodoravno nažlebljenimi rameni tipa 20 (sl. 70: 26, 27; 46: La 20) in s poševnimi ali navpičnimi žlebovi okrašene sklede tipa 4 (sl. 70: 19; 47: Sk 4). Pojavljajo se tudi posode z nagubanim ostenjem (sl. 70: 18), vendar pa gubani okras pogosteje zasledimo pri keramiki iz plasti stopnje III (sl. 70: 52-54). Drugače je z okrasom modeliranih, lahko povsem stilizirano upodobljenih živalskih glavic, ki se pojavlja predvsem na ročajih skodel tipa 2b (sl. 70: 28, 29; 47: Sk 2b) ter zaključkih ognjiščnih koz tipa 3 (sl. 70: 31; 52: Ok 3), zasledimo pa ga tudi pri ročki z izlivom tipa 2 (sl. 70: 30 = t. 65: 1). Predvsem pogosto zastopana rdeče-črno barvana keramika stopnjo zidu II jasno postavlja v čas kačastih in certoških fibul. Takšno kronološko opredelitev podpirajo tudi kovinske najdbe (sl. 70: 32-39). Enako je v čas stopnje kačastih in certoških fibul opredelil stopnjo zidu II že Dular,812 ki pa se je, podobno kot Teržanova,813 osredotočil predvsem na datacijo prehodne stopnje in se tako ni posebej posvečal kronološki opredelitvi opustitve zidu. Sama se nagibam k dataciji konca stopnje zidu II na konec certoškega horizonta (sl. 82), pri čemer med gradivom iz plasti k drugemu zidu ni najdb, ki bi izrecno narekovale takšno opredelitev. Podrobne kronološke opredelitve konca zidu II ter postavitve zelo slabo ohranjenega zidu III keramika ne omogoča, saj je za keramiko stopnje zidu III značilno predvsem nadaljevanje mladohalštatskih keramičnih tipov predhodne stopnje (sl. 70: 40-62). Sicer so za ovrednotenje te stopnje zidu III še najpomembnejše najdbe iz bolje ohranjenih plasti v sondi 17 (t. 8:15-19; 9; 10:1-13) in sondi 8 (t. 73:9 - 16) ter keramika iz hiše v sondi 5 (t. 68: 5-15; 69: 1-5). V stopnjo zidu III sodi tudi najmlajša hiša 4 iz sonde 19 (t. 85:1-10). Poleg pogosteje zastopanih loncev s kratkim izvi-hanim ali pokončnim ustjem, navadno trebušaste oblike (sl. 70: 40-44, 46-49), kakršni so tudi z vodoravnimi žlebovi okrašeni lonci tipa 32 (sl. 70: 45; 41: L 32), se kot značilnejše oblike keramike kažejo še lonci s kratkim stožčastim ali cilindričnim vratom tipa 3 (sl. 70: 51; 42: Lsv 3), buče z ozkim, visokim in vodoravno kaneliranim vratom (sl. 70: 50), z vodoravnim kaneliranjem narebre- 812 Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, 90. 813 Teržan 1998, 527 s, op. 114-116. based her interpretation primarily on the small bow fibula from the layer of burnt remains in House 3 from Trench 19 (Fig. 70: 34). Following a huge fire, which presumably destroyed the wooden buildings constructed in the time when the settlement was unfortified, Wall II was constructed. Trench 3 revealed several layers associated with this wall (Fig. 8), but neither the stratigraphic data from other trenches nor the statistical analysis of individual pottery types suggests a division of the phase (Fig. 69). The typical ceramic finds of the Wall II phase were found in House 3-7 in Trenches 3 and 7 (Pls. 31: 3, 4; 32; 33:1-6 and Pls. 27; 28) that are connected with the finds from House 3 in Trench 19 (Pls. 82: 6-13; 83, 84). Also attributed to this phase is House 2 from Trench 18 (Pl. 78). The pottery of the Wall II phase is characterised by the frequent black-on-red painting (Fig. 70: 1-32), which appears on the pithoi of Type 2 (Figs. 70: 1; 37: Pi 2) and the footed bowls of Types 1 - 3 (Figs. 70: 2-10; 43: C 1-3). Also typical are the bag-shaped jars with horseshoe-shaped decoration of Type 6 (Figs. 70: 11; 38: L 6) and even commoner jars with a funnel-shaped rim (Fig. 70: 14-16), as well as dishes with an inturned rim and a pronounced lip of Type 15 (Figs. 70: 24, 25; 46: La 15), dishes with an inturned rim and horizontal grooves on the shoulder of Type 20 (Figs. 70: 26, 27; 46: La 20) and dishes with oblique or vertical grooves of Type 4 (Fig. 70: 19; 47: Sk 4). There is also the decoration of modelled, in some cases completely stylised animal heads that mostly adorn the handles of the bowls of Variant 2b (Fig. 70: 28, 29; 47: Sk 2b), but also appear as the finials of Type 3 firedogs (Fig. 70: 31; 52: Ok 3), as well as on a spouted pitcher of Type 2 (Fig. 70: 30 = Pl. 65: 1). Indented vessels also begin to appear (Fig. 70: 18), though this decoration is much more common on the pottery of the following, Wall III phase (Fig. 70: 52-54). The frequent black-on-red painted ware is the conclusive evidence for the Serpentine and Certosa Fibulae date of the Wall II phase. This date is corroborated by the metal finds (Fig. 70: 32-39). It is also the date already proposed by Dular812 who, similarly as Teržan,813 focused on the date of the transition phase and did not pay special attention to chronologically establishing the abandonment of Wall II. My analysis led me to presume that the end of this wall should be sought at the end of the Certosa Fibulae phase (Fig. 82), though it has to be emphasised that the layers associated with Wall II revealed no finds that would either confirm or refute such an attribution. The pottery recovered at the Stična hillfort does not provide a detailed chronological attribution for the end of Wall II and the construction of the otherwise poorly surviving Wall III, as the Late Hallstatt ceramic forms continue from one phase to the next (Fig. 70: 40-62). Of greatest value in the dating of the Wall III phase are the 812 Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, 90. 813 Teržan 1998, 527 f, Fns. 114-116. 278 5. SKLEP 5. CONCLUSION ne noge (ciborijev) tipa 2 (sl. 70: 56; 49: n 2) in ciboriji z nagubanim ostenjem tipa 4 (sl. 70: 52, 53; 43: C 4). Bolj kot z žlebljenjem ali gubanjem površine okrašena keramika so za kronološko opredelitev izpovedni plastični okras v obliki svastike (sl. 70: 58), vdrte ali zgolj z vrha sploščene bradavice (sl. 70: 59) in pa polkrožno ali v obliki valovnice pritrjena rebra (sl. 57: O 3). Enake oblike okrasa namreč zasledimo tako na posodju iz mla-dohalštatskih grobov v Dolenjskih Toplicah814 kot tudi na prostoročno izdelanih loncih iz (srednje)latenskih grobov na Kapiteljski njivi v Novem mestu.815 Za stopnjo zidu III so značilni tudi prostoročno izdelani lonci z žigosanim okrasom koncentričnih krožcev (t. 85: 6; sl. 70: 60-61). Najobičajneje gre za sestavljene okrase, kjer se žigi pojavljajo skupaj z vrezi in nizi drobnih odtisov (sl. 60: O 24a). Enak okras zasledimo na keramiki iz hiše z Vintarjevca pri Litiji, datirane v čas negovskih čelad.816 Keramika iz plasti k zidu III torej narekuje bržkone shematično datacijo v stopnjo negovskih čelad (sl. 82). Takšno datacijo podpira v ruševinah zidu III najdena zgodnjelatenska fibula (sl. 70: 65), medtem ko certoški fibuli s samostrelno peresovino vrste XIII po Teržano-vi817 (sl. 70: 63, 64), ki ju je kot relevantni za datacijo zidu III omenjal Gabrovec,818 izvirata že iz latenskih plasti. Po Gabrovcu je ključnega pomena za kronološko opredelitev stopnje zidu III datacija latenske plasti iz sonde 6. Na podlagi tamkaj odkritega stratigrafskega zapisa je skušal utemeljevati zgodnjelatensko poselitev Stične.819 Zavoljo najdb latenske keramike z žigosanim okrasom, katere pojav je Schwappach postavil že v čas LT B2,820 je kot zgodnjelatensko opredelil svetlorjavo zemljeno plast s posameznimi večjimi kamnitimi bloki, ki je ležala nad ruševinami zidu III ter pod nekoliko temnejšo plastjo, v kateri so bili odkriti skromni ostanki (pozno)latenskega obzidja. Kot mlajše je opredelil ostaline latenskega objekta iz sonde 5, s katerim je povezoval tamkaj odkrito sivo kulturno plast. Tako je v srednjelatensko obdobje opredeljeval najdbe fine, na lončarskem vretenu izdelane keramike iz kompleksa 5/111.821 Kamnito tlakovanje zunanjega pobočja ter ponovno utrditev stiškega gradišča z zidom je postavil v pozno srednje- oziroma že poznolatensko obdobje. V poznolatensko obdobje je datiral tudi latenske plasti na 814 Teržan 1976, t. 27: 9; 32: 1, 11; 42: 2, 4; 43: 4; 45: 8; 53: 1, 2; 56: 5; 58: 10 itd. 815 Križ 2005, t. 1: 101/1; 2: 102/1-2; 12: 121/1; 16: 127/1; 18: 131/2; 27: 144/1; 29: 148/1; 30: 151/1-2; 47: 174/2; 75: 442/2 ipd. 816 Stare V. 1999, 23 ss, sl. 12: 2. 817 Teržan 1976, 338 ss, sl. 5; 361 ss. 818 Gabrovec 1994, 154. 819 Gabrovec 1994, 154, t. 10: 11; Frey, Gabrovec 1969, 12 ss = Frey 1969a; Gabrovec et al. 1969, 192 = isti 1970. 820 Schwappach 1970-1971, 246 s. 821 Gabrovec 1994, 154, t. 11: 1-3. finds from the relatively well preserved layers v Trenches 17 (Pls. 8:15-19; 9; 10:1-13) and 8 (Pl. 73: 9 - 16), and from the house in Trench 5 (Pls. 68: 5-15; 69: 1-5), as well as House 4 in Trench 19 from hillfort interior (Pl. 85:1-10). This pottery includes numerous jars, usually belly-shaped, with a short everted or vertical rim (Fig. 70: 40-44, 46-49), among them also the jars with horizontal grooves of Type 32 (Figs. 70: 45; 41: L 32). Other typical forms are the jars with a short conical or cylindrical neck of Type 3 (Figs. 70: 51; 42: Lsv 3), the globular jars with a constricted high neck with shallow horizontal grooves (Fig. 70: 50), feet with shallow horizontal grooves (of footed bowls) of Type 2 (Figs. 70: 56; 49: n 2) and the indented footed bowls of Type 4 (Figs. 70: 52, 53; 43: C 4). The decoration more chronologically sensitive than grooving and indenting is the plastic swastika motifs (Fig. 70: 58), knobs with sunken centres or flattened knobs (Fig. 70: 59) and semicircular or wavy cordons (Fig. 57: O 3). These are known from the vessels unearthed in the Late Hallstatt graves at Dolenjske Toplice814 and the hand-built jars from the (Middle) La Tene graves at Kapiteljska njiva in Novo mesto.815 The Wall III phase is further characterised by hand-built jars with stamped ring-and-dots (Pl. 85: 6; Fig. 70: 60-61). These usually form part of composite designs together with incisions and lines of small impressions (Fig. 60: O 24a). Such decoration is known from a house excavated at Vintarjevec near Litija and dated to the Negova phase.816 The pottery from the layers associated with Wall III thus points to a Negova phase date (Fig. 82). Such a dating is supported by the Early La Tene fibula (Fig. 70: 65) found in the debris of Wall III. Gabrovec also mentioned two Certosa fibulae with a long spring of Type XIII after Teržan817 (Fig. 70: 63, 64) as chronologically relevant,818 but these were actually found in the La Tene layers. According to Gabrovec, the key for the dating of the Wall III phase is the date of the La Tene layer in Trench 6. In the stratigraphic sequence of that trench, he saw the evidence for the Early La Tene habitation at Stična.819 Based on the La Tene stamped ware, the appearance of which Schwappach dated as early as LT B2,820 Gabrovec identified the light brown earthen layer with individual large stone blocks, which covered the debris of Wall and lay under a slightly darker layer with scarce remains of 814 Teržan 1976, Pls. 27: 9; 32: 1, 11; 42: 2, 4; 43: 4; 45: 8; 53: 1, 2; 56: 5; 58: 10 and so forth. 815 Križ 2005, Pls. 1: 101/1; 2: 102/1-2; 12: 121/1; 16: 127/1; 18: 131/2; 27: 144/1; 29: 148/1; 30: 151/1-2; 47: 174/2; 75: 442/2 and so forth. 816 Stare V. 1999, (23 ff), 32, Fig. 12: 2. 817 Teržan 1976, 430 ff, Fig. 5. 818 Gabrovec 1994, 157. 819 Gabrovec 1994, 157, Pl. 10: 11; Frey 1969a, 11 ff; Gabrovec et al. 1970, 25. 820 Schwappach 1970-1971, 246 f. 279 5. SKLEP 5. CONCLUSION terasah v notranjosti naselja, pri čemer se je pri dataciji opiral predvsem na drobne kovinske najdbe.822 S pomočjo latenskih plasti iz sonde 5 in 6 je Gabro-vec torej pokazal na neprekinjeno poselitev Stične vse do opustitve še pred zgodnjim avgustejskim obdobjem (sl. 82), kar dokazujejo najdbe uvožene rimske keramike.823 Njegovo mnenje o kontinuirani poselitvi stiškega gradišča v železni dobi je prevzela tudi Teržanova,824 medtem ko Dular ostaja zadržan.825 Pri kronološki opredelitvi latenske poselitve Stične z vidika keramike sem se posvetila obravnavi najdb iz tistih latenskih plasti, ki jih je kot relevantne omenil že Gabrovec (sl. 82).826 Za latensko plast v sondi 6 (t. 57; 58:1-14) je resda značilno, da izrazito prevladujejo najdbe prostoročno izdelane keramike (sl. 72), ki se bistveno ne razlikujejo od keramike stopnje zidu III (sl. 70: 40-62), vendar je bilo tu najdeno tudi izrazito poznolatensko posodje, kot je pokal tipa 3 (t. 58:14), in fragment lonca z odebeljenim robom ustja (t. 58:12). Poleg njiju so v sondi 6 zastopani tudi z glavničenjem okrašeni lonci (t. 57: 17),827 grafitna keramika (t. 58: 9) in pa fina latenska keramika z žigosanim okrasom koncentričnih krožcev (t. 57:19; 58: 2). Glede na stratigrafske podatke je ta mlajša od narebre-nega pokala, ki z dobrimi primerjavami v grobovih z Roj pri Moravčah828 (t. 58:14) narekuje datacijo plasti v poznolatensko obdobje. Kot kažejo novejše grobne najdbe in fragmenti z drugih gradišč Dolenjske (sl. 61), sodi v poznolatensko obdobje tudi z žigosanimi koncentričnimi krožci okrašena latenska keramika. Tako z vidika keramike kot tudi glede na stratigrafske podatke datira latenska plast iz sonde 6 v po-znolatensko obdobje. Resda je plast starejša od tamkaj odkritih ostankov latenskega obzidja (pril. 11), vendar zanje sploh ni nujno, da še ležijo v prvotni legi, na kar sta opozorila že Frey in Gabrovec.829 Da je prišlo do ponovne utrditve Stične šele v poznolatenskem obdobju, kažejo tudi najdbe iz najstarejših kamnitih tlakov na zunanjem pobočju. Ker je bilo tam odkritih le malo keramičnih najdb, sta pomembni predvsem že poznolatenski fibuli srednjelatenske sheme sonde 2 in 8 (sl. 76: 1, 2). Enaka fibula je bila najdena v spodnjem delu latenske plast v sondi 13 (sl. 76: 3). Medtem ko v sondi 6 močno prevladuje groba, prostoročno izdelana keramika, je bila v starejši latenski plasti iz sonde 5 odkrita predvsem fina latenska kera- 822 Gabrovec 1994, 154 s; t. 11: 4-22, 12: 13, 13: 7; 16: 46. 823 Gabrovec 1994, 156, sl. 135. 824 Teržan 2014, 451 s. 825 Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, 150 ss. 826 Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, 154. 827 Grahek 2013, 2/242 ss = 502 ss; ID 6806/009-006, 6806/015-010, 6806/015-011, 6806/016-011. 828 Knez 1977, t. 3: 12; 5: 7; 14: 10. 829 Frey, Gabrovec 1969, 14 = Frey 1969a; Frey 1994, 82 ss - prim. Gabrovec 1994, 148, 154 the (Late) La Tene rampart, as an Early La Tene layer. Gabrovec attributed a later, i.e. Middle La Tene date to the remains of the La Tene building in Trench 5, to which he tied the grey cultural layer excavated there. The small finds of a Middle La Tene date according to Gabrovec are therefore the wheel-thrown fineware from Complex 5/111.821 He dated the stone paving on the hillfort exterior and the refortification of the settlement to the late part of the Middle or the Late La Tene period. The La Tene layers on the terraces in the hillfort interior were dated to the Late La Tene period mainly on the basis of the metal finds.822 With his dating of the La Tene layers in Trenches 5 and 6, Gabrovec presumed an uninterrupted habitation at Stična all to its abandonment sometime before the Augustan period (Fig. 82), as suggested by the imported Roman pottery.823 Teržan shares his opinion on the continuous habitation throughout the Iron Age,824 while Dular is sceptical.825 The chronological framework of the La Tene habitation at Stična as illuminated by the ceramic assemblage is based on the finds from the La Tene layers already deemed relevant by Gabrovec (Fig. 82).826 The most numerous ceramic finds from the La Tene layer in Trench 6 (Pls. 57; 58:1-14) belong to hand-built pottery (Fig. 72) that does not differ much from the pottery of the Wall III phase (Fig. 70: 40-62). However, the layer also yielded typical Late La Tene forms such as a goblet of Type 3 (Pl. 58:14) and the fragment of a jar with a thickened rim (Pl. 58: 12). Also found were combed jars (Pl. 57: 17),827 graphite ware (Pl. 58: 9) and La Tene fineware with stamped ring-and-dots (Pls. 57:19; 58: 2). Stratigraphic evidence shows the fineware to be later than the moulded goblet, which has close comparisons in the graves from Roje near Moravče828 (Pl. 58:14). The goblet thus suggests a Late La Tene date of the layer. Moreover, recent finds from graves and other settlements in Dolenjska (Fig. 61) suggest that the pottery with stamped ring-and-dots also belongs to the Late La Tene period. The pottery and the stratigraphic data set the La Tene layer from Trench 6 to the Late La Tene period. The layer is earlier than the remains of the La Tene rampart (App. 11), but the latter may not have been found in original position, as already noted by Frey and Gabrovec.829 The refortification only occurring in the Late La Tene period is corroborated by the finds from the earliest pav- 821 Gabrovec 1994, 157, Pl. 11: 1-3. 822 Gabrovec 1994, 157 f; Pls. 11: 4-22, 12: 13, 13: 7; 16: 46. 823 Gabrovec 1994, 159, Fig. 135. 824 Teržan 2014, 451 f. 825 Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, 150 ff. 826 Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, 154. 827 Grahek 2013, 2/242 ff = 502 ff; ID 6806/009-006, 6806/015-010, 6806/015-011, 6806/016-011. 828 Knez 1977, Pls. 3: 12; 5: 7; 14: 10. 829 Frey 1969a, 13; Frey 1994, 82 ff - cf. Gabrovec 1994, 149, 157. 280 5. SKLEP 5. CONCLUSION mika (t. 69: 9-12; 70; 71 - prim. sl. 72, 74). V njej so pogosto zastopani bikonične glinenke tipa 1, okrašene z vodoravnimi žlebovi na ramenih (t. 69: 10, 11), ter pokali tipa 1 (t. 70: 8) in 2 (t. 69: 9; 70: 6; 71: 7). Gledano v celoti, lahko fino keramiko iz starejše plasti v sondi 5 najbolje primerjamo s finim posodjem v grobovih z Roj pri Moravčah,830 ki sodijo v stopnjo Mokronog IIIa.831 Vendar primerjave glinenk z najdbami v grobu 1 iz Dobove,832 v grobu iz Skorbe833 ali s posodjem iz srednjelatenskih grobov v Forminu834 ter tudi s tistim na Kapiteljski njivi v Novem mestu835 kažejo, da lahko sodi starejša latenska plast še v LT C2. Takšno kronološko opredelitev podpira tudi z žigosanjem oziroma koleščkanjem okrašena keramika (t. 71:16, 17). Nedvomno se že v starejši plasti iz sonde 5 pojavljajo tudi fragmenti močno profiliranih pokalov tipa 3 (t. 70: 5), kot jih poznamo iz poznolatenskih grobov s Strmca nad Belo Cerkvijo836 in Beletovega vrta v Novem mestu.837 Poleg njih so bili v tamkajšnji starejši latenski plasti najdeni tudi poznolatenski lonci z odebeljenim robom ustja in okrasom glavničenja (t. 70:1, 2, 11; 71: 3), katerih delež se poveča v mlajši latenski plasti iz sonde 5 (t. 72: 3, 7, 8, 13). V njej je bil odkrit vkop, ki ga v poznolatensko obdobje datira tudi najdba železne kolenčaste fibule (sl. 78: 41). Kljub temu da so bile z vkopom najdbe deloma premešane, ugotavljam, da lahko obe latenski plasti iz sonde 5 datiramo v poznolatensko stopnjo Mokronog IIIa. Vendar predvsem nekatere glinenke iz starejše plasti v sondi 5 ter tudi najdbe iz latenske plasti v sondi 6 kažejo, da so naselje ponovno utrdili z obzidjem še pred koncem mlajše srednjelatenske stopnje Mokronog IIb oziroma še v času LT C2 (sl. 82). Nedvomno so bile najbolje ohranjene latenske plasti na terasah v notranjem delu naselja. Stratigrafski podatki so omogočili ločevanje dveh stopenj na vsaki od teras. Na podlagi primerjav keramičnih najdb (sl. 72-74) sem stopnji latenskih plasti iz sonde 11 na zahodni terasi povezala s stopnjama na prečnem obzidju, pri čemer sem v nadaljevanju za združeni poznolatenski stopnji prevzela poimenovanje po prečnih zidovih, odkritih v sondah 9, 18 in 19 (sl. 77). Stopnjo zidu 1 tako označujejo najdbe iz plasti k starejšemu prečnemu zidu (t. 79: 1-7; 85: 11, 12; 86; 87: 1-5; 88; 89: 1-3) in iz plasti pred postavitvijo zidu na zahodni terasi (t. 90: 5-12; 92; 93: 1-13). Kot sem 830 Knez 1977. 831 Božič 1999a, 210. 832 Guštin 1977, t. 4: 19; Božič 1987, 872, sl. 44: 19; isti 1999a, 209. 833 Pahič 1966, t. 14: 4. 834 Pahič 1966, t. 12: 2, 4, 7. 835 Križ 2005, t. 18: 131/1; 23: 138/1; 25: 140/1, 38: 161/2, 34: 163/1, 65: 260/1, 81: 521/2. 836 Dular A., 1991, t. 56: 16; 59: 9, 29; 60: 16. 837 Knez 1992, t. 42: 16; 48: 6; 50: 5; 53: 7; 64: 6: 65: 1; 69: 5; 70: 6; 77: 10. ings on the slopes outside the hillfort. They include few ceramic finds, but do comprise two Late La Tene fibulae of the Middle La Tene scheme from Trenches 2 and 8 (Fig. 76: 1, 2). Another such fibula was found in the lower part of the La Tene layer in Trench 13 (Fig. 76: 3). The prevalent pottery from Trench 6 belongs to hand-built coarseware, while the early La Tene layer in Trench 5 mainly yielded La Tene fineware (Pls. 69:9-12; 70; 71 - cf. Figs. 72; 74). The latter includes numerous biconical flasks of Type 1 with horizontal groves on the shoulder (Pl. 69: 10, 11) and the goblets of Types 1 (Pl. 70: 8) and 2 (Pls. 69: 9; 70: 6; 71: 7). The closest parallels for the fineware from the early layer in Trench 5 can be found in the grave goods from Roje near Moravče830 that date to the Mokronog IIIa phase.831 However, the comparisons for the flasks that were found in Grave 1 from Dobova,832 the grave from Skorba,833 the Middle La Tene graves from Formin834 and a Middle La Tene grave from Kapiteljska njiva in Novo mesto835 show that the early layer rather dates to (the end of) LT C2. This is corroborated by the pottery with stamped and roulette decoration (Pl. 71:16, 17). The fragments of the moulded goblets of Type 3 (Pl. 70: 5), such as are known from the Late La Tene graves at Strmec above Bela Cerkev836 and Beletov vrt in Novo mesto837 certainly already appeared in this early layer in Trench 5. They were found alongside the combed jars with a thickened rim (Pls. 70:1,2,11; 71: 3), the share of which increases in the late La Tene layer in Trench 5 (Pl. 72: 3, 7, 8, 13). This late layer also revealed a cut, which is dated to the Late La Tene period by an iron knee fibula found in its fill (Fig. 78: 41). The cut did cause some mixing of the two layers, but evidence nevertheless suggests that both can be dated to the Mokronog IIIa phase of the Late La Tene period. Some of the flasks from the early layer, but also the finds from the La Tene layer in Trench 6 show that the refortification occurred before the end of the late part of the Middle La Tene phase of Mokronog IIb, i.e. before the end of LT C2 (Fig. 82). The best preserved La Tene layers at Stična are those excavated on the terraces in the hillfort interior. Strati-graphic data revealed two phases on each of the terraces. Comparing the ceramic finds (Figs. 72-74) allowed me to connect the two phases of the La Tene layers in Trench 11 on the western terrace with the two phases on the 830 Knez 1977. 831 Božič 1999a, 198. 832 Guštin 1977, Pl. 4: 19; Božič 1987, 872, Fig. 44: 19; idem 1999a, 209. 833 Pahič 1966, Pl. 14: 4. 834 Pahič 1966, Pl. 12: 2, 4, 7. 835 Križ 2005, Pls. 18: 131/1; 23: 138/1; 25: 140/1, 38: 161/2, 34: 163/1, 65: 260/1, 81: 521/2. 836 Dular A., 1991, Pls. 56: 16; 59: 9, 29; 60: 16. 837 Knez 1992, Pls. 42: 16; 48: 6; 50: 5; 53: 7; 64: 6: 65: 1; 69: 5; 70: 6; 77: 10. 281 5. SKLEP 5. CONCLUSION pokazala pri obravnavi uvožene rimske keramike, sodi v čas te stopnje tudi izgradnja zunanjega latenskega obzidja, ki pa je bilo le skromno ohranjeno oziroma z njim povezanih plasti ni bilo mogoče jasno opredeliti. Z mlajšim prečnim zidom 2 (t. 80: 8-14; 87: 6-22; 89: 4 - 19) povezujem plasti k zidu na zahodni terasi (t. 93: 14-26; 94; 95:1-22). Čeprav daje keramika iz vseh latenskih plasti v notranjosti stiškega gradišča razmeroma enoten vtis, mi je s tipološko-statistično obravnavo najdb uspelo izdvojiti za posamezno stopnjo značilne keramične tipe. Za stopnjo zidu 1 (sl. 78: 1-22) so značilni predvsem prostoročno izdelani lonci z okrasom glavničenja tipa 34 (sl. 78: 7-9; 41: L 34a), grafitni lonci tipa 36 (sl. 78: 1-6; 41: L 36), na vretenu oblikovani lonci z odebeljenim robom ustja (sl. 78: 11-16), predvsem lonci tipa 37 in 38 (sl. 78: 11-13; 42: L 37, L 38), ter na vretenu dodelani lonci z mrežastim okrasom glavničenja tipa 35d (sl. 78: 10; 41: L 35d). Med fino latensko keramiko se poleg tipov, pogosto zastopanih že v plasteh iz sonde 5, pojavljajo še glinenke tipa 7 (sl. 78: 19; 44: G 7) in glinenke tipa 8 (sl. 78: 18; 44: G 8); med prostoročno izdelanimi, neokrašenimi lonci pa se kažejo kot značilnejši kroglasti lonci tipa 11a (sl. 78: 17; 39: L 11a). Za kronološko opredelitev stopnje zidu 1 so pomembni predvsem prostoročno izdelani lonci z okrasom glavničenja, kot jih zasledimo v poznolatenskih grobovih iz Mihovega838 in z Beletovega vrta v Novem mestu.839 Primerjava z grobnimi najdbami omogoča datacijo v čas stopnje Mokronog IIIa. Enako opredelitev narekujeta tudi bronast gumb z mrežasto okrašeno bradavičko840 iz sonde 18 (sl. 78: 42) in fibula tipa Nauheim s preluknjano nogo po Božiču841 (sl. 78: 44) iz sonde 11. Datacijo v čas stopnje Mokronog IIIa podpira tudi megarska skodelica842 (t. 79: 3; sl. 79: 11), ki pa ne izvira iz najstarejše latenske plasti k zidu 1 v sondi 18. Gre za pomemben podatek, saj glede na stratigrafske podatke tudi ta najdba omogoča od LT D1 oziroma stopnje Mokronog IIIa zgodnejšo datacijo izgradnje prvega prečnega zidu. Da gre začetek stopnje zidu 1 bržkone postaviti že v čas LT C2, nakazujejo tako fina keramika kot tudi pogosteje zastopani grafitni lonci (sl. 78: 1-6). Čeprav so za kronološko opredelitev grafitnih loncev bolj kot grobne najdbe pomembne primerjave z grafitno keramiko iz širšega srednjeevropskega prostora,843 poznamo posamična primera grafitnih loncev iz srednjelatenskega groba iz Kandije v Novem 838 Windl 1975, t. 15: 12, 13; 26: 7; t. 37: 5; t. 35: 10. 839 Knez 1992, t. 1: 1; 10: 6; 22: 4; 40: 17, 18; 41: 1, 9 idr. 840 Božič 1993, 139 ss; sl. 2: 6; isti 1999, 210 s. 841 Božič 2008, 58 ss; isti 1999, 210; isti 1993, 141 ss; sl. 4: 5. 842 Prim. Horvat 1997, 102 ss; sl. 53; t. 5: 8, 9; 54: 1. 843 Kappel 1969; Hlava 2008. crosswall in Trenches 9, 18 and 19. They are all named after the crosswalls regardless of the actual location of the layers (Fig. 77). The first crosswall phase is represented by the finds from the layers associated with the first crosswall (Pls. 79: 1-7; 85:11, 12; 86; 87: 1-5; 88; 89: 1-3) and the layers predating the construction of the wall on the western terrace (Pls. 90: 5-12; 92; 93:1-13). As mentioned in the discussion on imported Roman pottery, the construction of the La Tene rampart also dates to this period; the rampart was poorly preserved and it was not possible to positively determine the layers associated with it. The later, i.e. second crosswall phase, is represented by the finds from the layers associated with the second crosswall (Pls. 80:8-14; 87: 6-22; 89:4 - 19) and the layers associated with the wall on the western terrace (Pls. 93:14-26; 94; 95:1-22). Although the pottery from the La Tene layers in the hillfort interior appears homogeneous at first glance, a typo-statistical analysis revealed certain differences and led me to distinguish between the ceramic types characteristic of either of the two La Tene phases. The pottery typical of the first crosswall phase (Fig. 78: 1-22) comprises the hand-built combed jars of Type 34 (Figs. 78: 7-9; 41: L 34a), the graphite ware jars of Type 36 (Figs. 78: 1-6; 41: L 36), the wheel-thrown jars with a thickened rim (Fig. 78: 11-16), particularly those of Types 37 and 38 (Figs. 78: 11-13; 42: L 37, L 38), and the jars finished on the wheel and bearing a reticular combed decoration of Variant 35d (Figs. 78: 10; 41: L 35d). The La Tene fineware consists of the types already present in the La Tene layers in Trench 5, but also the flasks of Types 7 (Figs. 78: 19; 44: G 7) and 8 (Figs. 78: 18; 44: G 8). Of the plain hand-built jars, the most typical are the globular ones of Variant 11a (Figs. 78: 17; 39: L 11a). The sherds most important for the chronological attribution of the first crosswall phase are those of the hand-built combed jars with parallels in the Late La Tene graves from Mihovo838 and Beletov vrt in Novo mesto.839 These parallels point to a Mokronog IIIa date. This dating is corroborated by the bronze button with a knob with reticular decoration840 from Trench 18 (Fig. 78: 42) and the Nauheim fibula with a perforated foot after Božič841 (Fig. 78: 44) from Trench 11. Further evidence of a Mokronog IIIa date is provided by the Megarian bowl842 (Pl. 79: 3; Fig. 79: 11), though it was not found in the earliest La Tene layer associated with the first crosswall in Trench 18. This is important information, because, given the stratigraphic data, it suggests 838 Windl 1975, Pls. 15: 12, 13; 26: 7; Pl. 37: 5; Pl. 35: 10. 839 Knez 1992, Pls. 1: 1; 10: 6; 22: 4; 40: 17, 18; 41: 1, 9 etc. 840 Božič 1993, 149 f; Fig. 2: 6; idem 1999, 198 f. 841 Božič 2008, 59 ff; idem 1999, 198; idem 1993, 150 f; Fig. 4: 5. 842 Cf. Horvat 1997, 102 ff; Fig. 53; Pls. 5: 8, 9; 54: 1. 282 5. SKLEP 5. CONCLUSION mestu844 in z grobišča v Forminu.845 Na tem mestu naj še omenim, da omogoča keramika s srednjeevropskih najdišč846 dobre primerjave tudi s preostalimi, negra-fitnimi oblikami grobe poznolatenske keramike. Gre predvsem za lonce, dodelane na vretenu, z raznoliko odebeljenim robom ustja (sl. 42: L 37-L 42; prim. sl. 41: L 35c), ki jih nisem posebej obravnavala, saj ne omogočajo podrobnejše kronološke opredelitve posameznih poznolatenskih stopenj Stične. Tako je že za datacijo opustitve prvega prečnega zidu bolj kot keramika pomembna najdba fibule vrste Beletov vrt (sl. 78: 43) iz sonde 18. Ker se tovrstne fibule pojavljajo v mlajšem času stopnje Mokronog IIIa, lahko pa sodijo tudi že na začetek stopnje Mokronog IIIb,847 je povsem verjetna opredelitev konca stopnje zidu 1 na prehod LT D1/D2. Zadnje obdobje železnodobne poselitve na Cvin-gerju nad Virom pri Stični predstavlja stopnja (prečnega) zidu 2 (sl. 82). V primerjavi s keramiko iz plasti starejše poznolatenske stopnje so v mlajših plasteh pogosteje zastopani z metličenjem okrašeni, prostoročno izdelani lonci tipa 34b (sl. 78: 28; 41: L 34b); še bolj so značilni na vretenu oblikovani lonci z glavničenim okrasom tipa 35 (sl. 78: 29-31; 41: L 35). Med preostalimi keramičnimi oblikami, ki se kažejo kot značilnejše za mlajšo stopnjo (sl. 78: 23-40), gre omeniti pitose tipa 3 (sl. 78: 23; 37: Pi 3), močno profilirane pokale tipa 3 (sl. 78: 36; 44: P 3) ter glinenke tipa 2. Te so v primerjavi s primerki iz starejših plasti, predvsem iz sonde 5 (t. 69: 12 = sl. 78: 40 = sl. 44: G 2), bolj sloko oblikovane in imajo dobre primerjave v poznolatenskih oziroma zgodnjerimskih grobovih na Beletovem vrtu v Novem mestu.848 Podobno, kot velja za konec stopnje zidu 1, so za kronološko opredelitev stopnje zidu 2 bolj kot latenska keramika pomembne kovinske najdbe in uvožena rimska keramika. Datacijo stopnje zidu 2 v čas Mokronog IIIb namreč narekujejo predvsem v sondi 19 najdena fibula tipa Jezerine849 (sl. 78: 47) ter fibula vrste Almgren 18a850 (sl. 78: 45) in pa fragment noge, ki najverjetneje pripada fibuli vrste Idrija Ia1851 (sl. 78: 46) iz sonde 11. Na drugi strani med rimsko keramiko (sl. 79) ni nobenega primerka, ki bi segal do avgustejskega časa, kar kaže, da je bila Stična opuščena še pred časom organizirane rimske oblasti. 844 Megaw, Megaw 2009, sl. 2: 2. 845 Pahič 1966, t. 12: 8. 846 Na primer Stari Hradisko na Moravskem - Meduna 1970, t. 28-39, 42-44, 46; prim. Božič 1999a, 211. 847 Božič 2008, 114; isti 1999, 210. 848 Knez 1992, t. 50: 5; 51: 8; 53: 7; 57: 1 idr.; Božič 2008, t. 11: 1; 24: 1-8; 25: 1-6; 27: 1, 2. 849 Božič 2008, 123; 144 ss, tab. 5; Guštin 1984, 338; Beil. 1: 89; isti 1991, 41 s. 850 Volling 1994, 179 ss, Beil. 4; Božič 1999a, 212. 851 Božič 2008, 97 ss; sl. 50, karta 2. that the first crosswall was constructed prior to LT D1 or Mokronog IIIa. The beginning of the first crosswall phase should therefore most likely be sought in LT C2, which is confirmed by the recovered fineware and the relatively frequent graphite ware jars (Fig. 78: 1-6). The latter have many parallels from the settlements across central Europe843 and in Dolenjska, but they also appear in graves, albeit rarely and as stray finds, for example the jar from a Middle La Tene grave from Kandija in Novo mesto844 and another one from the cemetery at Formin.845 I should also mention that sites across central Europe846 offered parallels not only for the graphite ware, but for other forms of Late La Tene coarseware as well, particularly the wheel-finished jars with a variously thickened rim (Fig. 42: L 37-L 42; cf. Fig. 41: L 35c). The latter have not been analysed in detail as they do not contribute to a precise chronological division of individual Late La Tene phases at Stična. More than pottery, the date for the abandonment of the first crosswall is revealed by the Beletov vrt fibula (Fig. 78: 43) from Trench 18. Such fibulae appear in the late part of Mokronog IIIa and the beginning of Mokronog IIIb,847 which suggests that the end of the first crosswall phase should probably be dated to the LT D1/D2 transition. The phase ofthe second crosswall (Fig. 82) represents the last period of Iron Age habitation at Cvinger. In comparison with the previous, early part of the Late La Tene phase, the layers of this phase revealed more numerous hand-built brushed jars of Variant 34b (Figs. 78: 28; 41: L 34b). Even more typical are the wheel-thrown combed jars of Type 35 (Figs. 78: 29-31; 41: L 35). Other vessel forms typical of this phase (Fig. 78: 23-40) are the pithoi of Type 3 (Figs. 78: 23; 37: Pi 3), the moulded goblets of Type 3 (Figs. 78: 36; 44: P 3) and the flasks of Type 2. In comparison with the examples from the earlier phase, particularly those from Trench 5 (Pl. 69: 12 = Fig. 78: 40 = Fig. 44: G 2), these flasks are now slenderer and have close parallels in the Late La Tene-Early Roman graves at Beletov vrt in Novo mesto.848 Similarly as for the previous phase, the finds most important for the chronological attribution of the late, i.e. second crosswall phase are the metal ones and the imported Roman pottery. The date into Mokronog IIIb is mainly indicated by the Jezerine fibula from Trench 19849 (Fig. 78: 47), the Almgren 18a fibula850 (Fig. 78: 45) and the fragment of a foot that most likely belongs to a fibula 843 Kappel 1969; Hlava 2008. 844 Megaw, Megaw 2009, Fig. 2: 2. 845 Pahič 1966, Pl. 12: 8. 846 E.g. Stare Hradisko in Moravia - Meduna 1970, Pls. 28-39, 42-44, 46; cf. Božič 1999a, 199. 847 Božič 2008, 114; idem 1999, 199. 848 Knez 1992, Pls. 50: 5; 51: 8; 53: 7; 57: 1 etc.; Božič 2008, Pls. 11: 1; 24: 1-8; 25: 1-6; 27: 1, 2. 849 Božič 2008, 123; 144 ff, Table 5; Guštin 1984, 338; App. 1: 89; idem 1991, 41 f. 850 Volling 1994, 179 ff, App. 4; Božič 1999a, 201. 283 5. SKLEP 5. CONCLUSION Čeprav je Gabrovec skušal utemeljevati kontinuirano poselitev iz halštatskega v latensko obdobje,852 sem s celostno obravnavo naselbinske keramike, ki temelji na stratigrafskih podatkih, pokazala, da v Stični pravzaprav ni izrazite plasti, ki bi jo lahko povezovali s srednjelatensko poselitvijo. Posamezne oblike latenske keramike resda nakazujejo datacijo v stopnjo Mokronog II, vendar pa izvirajo iz plasti, ki dokazujejo predvsem poznolatensko poselitev (sl. 82). Datacijo ponovne utrditve in razcveta stiškega naselja v poznolatenskem času posredno potrjujejo tudi prvi latenski grobovi iz Stične.853 Na podlagi kronološko-stratigrafske analize keramike lahko torej razlikujem le med tremi osnovnimi poselitvenimi obdobji Stične. Gre za starohalštatsko poselitev, ki jo zaznamuje zid I, njen konec pa označuje prehodna stopnja, ko je bil vsaj južni del naselja brez obzidja; mladohalštatsko poselitev, ki jo zaznamujeta zid II in zid III, ter poznolatensko poselitev. Enako velja za dolenjska gradišča, ki jih glede na časovno opredelitev Dular uvršča v četrto skupino.854 Zato ne preseneča, da lahko s stiško keramiko najbolje primerjamo prav najdbe iz naselij četrte skupine (sl. 81). Medtem ko so bile na Gradcu pri Vinkovem vrhu,855 Kostjavcu nad Tihabojem856 in Kunklju pod Vrhtrebnjim857 odkrite žganinske plasti, ki ustrezajo prehodni stopnji v Stični, tretjega halštatskega zidu z drugih dolenjskih gradišč ne poznamo. Tega gre najverjetneje obravnavati kot nekakšno popravilo, lahko nadgradnjo zidu II v negovskem horizontu, kar najbolje podpira podobna situacija iz Dolenjskih Toplic, kjer sta bila v posameznih sondah odkrita dva mladohalštatska zidova.858 Podobno velja za poznolatensko stopnjo. Kot v Stični je poznolatenska poselitev vezana na gradnjo novega obzidja, ki je bilo odkrito tudi na nekaterih drugih dolenjskih gradiščih, kot so Veliki Vinji vrh pri Beli Cerkvi,859 Cvinger nad Koriti,860 Kostjavec nad Tihabojem,861 Špičasti hrib nad Dolami pri Litiji,862 Sv. Ana nad Vrhpečjo pri Trebnjem,863 Ajdovščina nad Zborštom pri Ljubljani864 in Gradišče pri Suhadolah.865 Vendar pa so bile posamezne poznolatenske utrditvene stopnje z več nivoji kamnitih tlakov na zunanjem poboč- 852 Gabrovec 1994, 150 ss, 220 ss. 853 Stergar et al. 2014. Glej tudi pri op. 678. 854 Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, 73, sl. 42. 855 Dular et al. 1995, pril. 3. 856 Dular et al. 2003, 181 ss, pril. 3: B; sl. 33, 37. 857 Dular et al. 1991, 70 ss, sl. 5, 6; pril. 1. 858 Dular, Križ 2004, 225 ss, sl. 32, 33, 35; pril. 5. 859 Dular et al. 2000, 138 s, sl. 18; pril. 2: A, C. 860 Dular et al. 1995, 107 ss, sl. 29; pril. 2. 861 Dular et al. 2003, 185 ss, sl. 33, 35; pril. 3: A, D. 862 Dular et al. 2003, 174 s, sl. 21, pril. 5. 863 Dular et al. 1991, t. 78, sl. 19. 864 Pavlin, Dular 2007, 69 ss; sl. 4, 5; pril. 5. 865 Dular et al. 2003, 159 ss, pril. 1. of the Idrija Ia1 type851 (Fig. 78: 46) from Trench 11. The Roman pottery (Fig. 79) included no sherds reaching to the Augustan period, which indicates that the Stična hillfort was abandoned prior to the Roman rule in Dolenjska. Contrary to Gabrovec's attempts at proving a continuous occupation of the Stična hillfort from the Hallstatt to the La Tene period,852 the analysis of the ceramic assemblage from the hillfort on the basis of stratigraphic data enabled me to show that there are no clearly defined layers that could positively be connected either with the Early or the Middle La Tene habitation. Individual pottery types do point to a Mokronog II date, but they were found in the layers of primarily Late La Tene habitation (Fig. 82). The Late La Tene date for the refortification and for the new period of prosperity at the settlement is indirectly confirmed by the first La Tene graves below the hillfort.853 The chronological and stratigraphic analysis of the pottery suggests three main periods of habitation at the Stična hillfort: the Early Hallstatt habitation, marked by Wall I, that ends with the transition phase when at least the southern part of the hillfort remained without a rampart, the Late Hallstatt habitation, marked by Walls II and III, and the Late La Tene habitation. This is in line with the development of the hillforts in Dolenjska that form the fourth group as established by Dular and Tecco Hvala.854 It is therefore not surprising that the hillforts of this group provided the closest comparisons with the pottery from Stična (Fig. 81). The hillforts at Gradec near Vinkov Vrh,855 Kostjavec above Tihaboj856 and Kunkelj below Vrhtrebnje857 revealed layers of burnt material that correspond with those of the transition phase at Stična. Contrary to this, no other hillforts in Dolenjska revealed the third Hallstatt wall. This wall at Stična should probably be seen as a repair, possibly an addition to Wall II in the Negova phase. Such an interpretation is supported by a similar situation at Dolenjske Toplice, where some of the trenches revealed two Late Hallstatt walls.858 A similar conclusion can be reached for the Late La Tene phase. As at Stična, Late La Tene habitation is also connected with the construction of a new rampart at Veliki Vinji vrh near Bela Cerkev,859 Cvinger above Korita,860 Kostjavec above Tihaboj,861 Špičasti hrib above Dole pri 851 Božič 2008, 97 ff; Fig. 50, Map 2. 852 Gabrovec 1994, 153 ff, 221 ff. 853 Stergar et al. 2014. Also see Fn. 678. 854 Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, 73, Fig. 42. 855 Dular et al. 1995, App. 3. 856 Dular et al. 2003, 201 f, App. 3: B; Figs. 33, 37. 857 Dular et al. 1991, 136 ff, Figs. 5, 6; App. 1. 858 Dular, Križ 2004, (225 ff), 238, Figs. 32, 33, 35; App. 5. 859 Dular et al. 2000, 150, Fig. 18; App. 2: A, C. 860 Dular et al. 1995, 137 ff, Fig. 29; App. 2. 861 Dular et al. 2003, (185 ff), 201 f, Figs. 33, 35; App. 3: A, D. 284 5. SKLEP 5. CONCLUSION ju in zidovi na terasah v notranjosti naselja ugotovljene le v Stični. Za konec naj še enkrat orišem kronološki okvir posameznih stopenj Stične (sl. 82) s poudarkom na absolutnih datacijah železne dobe na Slovenskem.866 Kot je bilo že večkrat obravnavano, datira začetek stiške naselbine, ki je bila v celotnem obsegu zasnovana v enem zamahu z načrtno izgradnjo mogočnega kamnitega obzidja, v (pozno) 8. stol. pr. n. št.867 To je čas začetka železne dobe na Dolenjskem ali čas stopnje Podzemelj 1. Začetki stiškega gradišča torej segajo še v čas železnega horizonta, kot je poimenovana stopnja na prehodu poznobronaste v železno dobo po Teržanovi in Črešnarju.868 Prva stopnja stiškega naselja ali stopnja zidu I bržkone traja do konca stopnje Stična. Pri tem sodi mlajša faza zidu I, ki začenja še v horizontu Stična 1, predvsem v stopnjo Stična 2 po Gabrovcu oziroma že v mlajši čas stopnje čolničastih fibul, ki nekako označuje celotno 7. stol. pr. n. št.869 Stopnji stiškega zidu I sledi krajša prehodna stopnja, ko je bil južni del naselja brez obzidja. Datirana je na prehod starohalštatskega v mla-dohalštatsko obdobje, to je nekje na prelomu 7. v 6. stol. pr. n. št. Gre za čas, ki z radiokarbonskimi datacijami ni dobro dokumentiran, ustreza pa prehodu stopnje čolničastih fibul v stopnjo certoških fibul po Teržanovi in Črešnarju.870 Še pred sredino 6. stol. pr. n. št., torej še v času kačastega horizonta na Dolenjskem, je bil zgrajen zid II. Stopnjo zidu II datiramo nekje do konca certoškega horizonta ali v prvo polovico 5. stol. pr. n. št.871 Druga mladohalštatska stopnja stiškega naselja, ki jo označuje zid III, pa je bila zgolj shematično datirana v horizont negovskih čelad, ki traja nekje do sredine 4. stol. pr. n. št., ko je dolenjska halštatska kulturna skupina doživela svoj zlom in konec.872 Kako, če sploh, je živelo stiško naselje vse od druge polovice 4. pa vsaj do sredine 2. stol. pr. n. št., za zdaj ni mogoče razglabljati, saj imamo na eni strani premalo podatkov iz Stične, kjer je bilo latensko grobišče šele nedavno sploh odkrito,873 na drugi strani pa (zgodnje-in) srednjelatenske materialne kulture mokronoškega 866 Teržan, Črešnar 2014. 867 Gabrovec 1994, 216 ss, Teržan 1995a, 92s; Dular, Tec-co Hvala 2007, 68, 85ss, 142s; Teržan 2008, 276 ss, Teržan 2014, 451. 868 Teržan, Črešnar 2014, 706 ss, sl. 37, 38, 44, 46. 869 Teržan, Črešnar 2014, 716 ss, sl. 41, 44, 46. 870 Zaradi odsotnosti radiokarbonsko datiranih vzorcev iz kontekstov, ki bi bili z arheološko metodo datirani v čas stopnje kačastih fibul na Dolenjskem, še vedno nista zadovoljivo analizirana in datirana niti konec stopnje čolničastih fibul niti začetek certoških fibul po Teržanovi in Črešnarju. Glej pri Teržan, Črešnar 2014, 703 ss, 719. 871 Teržan, Črešnar 2014, 719 ss, sl. 42, 44, 46. 872 Teržan, Črešnar 2014, 721 s, 724, sl. 43-44, 46. 873 Stergar et al. 2014. Litiji,862 Sv. Ana above Vrhpeč near Trebnje,863 Ajdovščina above Zboršt near Dol pri Ljubljani864 and Gradišče near Suhadole.865 More than one fortification phase with several levels of pavings on the slopes outside the hillfort and walls constructed on the terraces in the hillfort interior, however, have only been documented at Stična. Finally, we should also describe the chronological framework of the Stična hillfort in absolute terms (Fig. 82), on the basis of the absolute dates known for the Iron Age in Slovenia.866 The beginning of the hillfort enclosed within a planned and mighty stone rampart dates to the (late) 8th century BC.867 This is the beginning of the Iron Age in Dolenjska, more precisely its first phase of Podzemelj 1, which is the time of the so-called iron horizon as formulated by Teržan and Črešnar marking the transition from the Late Bronze to the Early Iron Age.868 The first phase at Stična, i.e. the Wall I phase, probably lasts to the end of the Stična phase. The late part of this phase begins in the Stična 1 phase, but mainly dates to the Stična 2 phase after Gabrovec and into the late part of the Boat Fibulae phase that spans the 7th century BC.869 The short transition phase that follows dates to the transition from the Early to the Late Hallstatt period, which occurs roughly in the transition from the 7th to the 6th century BC. This is a period not very well supported with radiocarbon evidence, but corresponds with the transition from the Boat Fibulae to the Certosa Fibulae phase after Teržan and Črešnar.870 Even before the mid-6th century BC, i.e. in the time of the Serpentine Fibulae phase in Dolenjska, Wall II was constructed. The phase of Wall II lasts roughly to the end of the Certosa Fibulae phase or the first half of the 5th century BC.871 The second Late Hallstatt habitation phase at Stična, marked by Wall III, is tentatively dated to the Negova phase as a whole, which lasts roughly to the mid-4th century BC, when the Dolenjska Hallstatt cultural group witnessed its decline.872 862 Dular et al. 2003, (174 f), 199 f, Fig. 21, App. 5. 863 Dular et al. 1991, Pl. 78, Fig. 19. 864 Pavlin, Dular 2007, 93 ff; Figs. 4, 5; App. 5. 865 Dular et al. 2003, 198, App. 1. 866 Teržan, Črešnar 2014. 867 Gabrovec 1994, 217 ff, Teržan 1995a, 92 f; Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, 68, 85ff, 142 f; Teržan 2008, 275 ff, Teržan 2014, 451. 868 Teržan, Črešnar 2014, 706 ff, Figs. 37, 38, 44, 46. 869 Teržan, Črešnar 2014, 716 ff, Figs. 41, 44, 46. 870 The absence of radiocarbon dated samples from contexts dated with the archaeological method to the Serpentine Fibulae phase in Dolenjska prevents archaeologists to reliably study and date either the end of the Boat Fibulae phase or the beginning of the Certosa Fibulae phase after Teržan and Črešnar. See in Teržan, Črešnar 2014, 703 ff, 719. 871 Teržan, Črešnar 2014, 719 ff, Figs. 42, 44, 46. 872 Teržan, Črešnar 2014, 721 f, 724, Figs. 43-44, 46. 285 5. SKLEP 5. CONCLUSION kulturnega kroga sploh še ne poznamo dovolj.874 To še zlasti velja za poselitveno sliko in naselbinske najdbe, kjer bosta ključnega pomena, bržkone tudi za osvetlitev poselitvene dinamike stiškega gradišča, vrednotenje in objava latenske naselbine na Tribuni v Ljubljani, ki je preliminarno datirana v 3. in 2. stol. pr. n. št.875 Kot kažejo prvi podatki, je bila Stična ponovno utrjena prav v času zatona naselja na Tribuni.876 Ponovno intenzivno poselitev gradišča na Cvingerju, ki ga zaznamujejo izgradnja latenskega obzidja, prečnega zidu in utrditve zunanjih pobočij s kamnitim tlakovanjem, datiramo nekje v drugo polovico 2. stol. pr. n. št. To je še pred koncem stopnje Mokronog IIb oziroma še v čas LT C2. Starejša stopnja, ki jo označuje prečni zid 1, ustreza stopnji Mokronog IIIa, medtem ko sodi stopnja zidu 2 v čas Mokronog IIIb. Kot je mogoče sklepati predvsem na podlagi najdb uvožene rimske keramike, doživi stiško naselje svoj zaton v drugi polovici 1. stol. pr. n. št. oziroma še pred zgodnjim avgustejskim obdobjem (sl. 82). Given the current state of knowledge, it is as yet not possible to discuss or even speculate on the occupation of the Stična hillfort or a complete absence thereof in the time between the second half of the 4th and the mid-2nd century BC. For that, we lack the data on the Stična hillfort and its surroundings, with the La Tene cemetery only recently discovered,873 but we also lack the knowledge on the (Early and) Middle La Tene finds of the Mokronog culture.874 This lack is particularly apparent for the settlement pattern and the finds from settlements. In connection with this, a detailed analysis and publication of the La Tene settlement at Tribuna in Ljubljana, now broadly dated to the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC,875 will shed important new light onto the settlement dynamics in the region and possibly at Stična as well. The excavation report of the Tribuna site shows that the decline of this settlement could coincide with the refortification of the Stična hillfort in the La Tene period.876 The renewed intense habitation at Stična, marked by the construction of the rampart, the crosswall and the reinforcement of the slopes outside the settlement with paved surfaces, is dated roughly to the second half of the 2nd century BC, i.e. before the end of Mokronog IIb and still in LT C2. The early part of the Late La Tene settlement corresponds with Mokronog IIIa, while the late part or the second crosswall phase corresponds with Mokronog IIIb. As for the end of the hillfort, the finds of imported Roman pottery suggest that this should be sought in second half of the 1st century BC, i.e. before the Early Augustan period (Fig. 82). 874 Prim. Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, 150 ss. 875 Vojakovic 2014, 71 ss. 876 Po požaru, ki označuje konec II. gradbene faze naselja na Tribuni (Vojakovic 2014, 74). 873 Stergar et al. 2014. 874 Cf. Dular, Tecco Hvala 2007, 150 ff. 875 Vojakovic 2014, 71 ff. 876 After the fire that marks the end of the second building phase of the settlement at Tribuna (Vojakovic 2014, 74). 286 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE Najdbe hrani Narodni muzej Slovenije. Mere v kataloškem opisu so v centimetrih. Za bolj podrobne kataloške opise glej Grahek 2013. Na tablah je gradivo predstavljeno v merilu 1: 4. The finds are kept in the Narodni muzej Slovenije . Measurements in the catalog descriptions are in centimeters. For more detailed descriptions see Grahek 2013. All finds in the plates are in the scale of 1: 4. Tabla 1 Kompleks 17/29 (zid I: plast a): 1. Frag. ustja lonca z držajem (L 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,5; ID: 7117/029-001. 2. Frag. ustja lonca (L 1b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozr-nata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,0; ID: 7117/029-002. 3. Frag. ustja lonca (L 1b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,5; ID: 7117/029-017. 4. Frag. ustja lonca (L 1b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 7,5; ID: 7117/029-034. 5. Frag. ustja lonca (L 9a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 7117/029-015. 6. Frag. ustja latvice z bradavico na ostenju (La 18); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,5; ID: 7117/029-007. 7. Latvica (La 11); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; Pu= 10,5; Pd= 4,0; v= 7,5; d= 0,9; ID: 7117/029-060. 8. Frag. ustja latvice (La 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 7117/029-036. 9. Lonček z bradavico (Lo 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobno-zrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; Pu= 3,2; Pd= 2,5; v= 4,5; d= 1,2; ID: 7117/029-014. 10. Frag. ostenja z okrasom vod. razčlenjenega rebra (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,5 x 3,5 x 0,8; ID: 7117/029-011. 11. Frag. ostenja in frag. ročaj pekve z bradavicami (Pe 8b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 9,7 x 9,6 x 1,1; ID: 7117/029-056. Kompleks 17/12 (zid I: plast a): 12. Frag. ustja latvice z ušescem (La 16); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj temnorjava; zelo trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,7; ID: 7117/012-002. 13. Frag. ustja latvice z ušescem (La 16*); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rjava; znotraj površina temnorjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksida-cijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,5; ID: 7117/012-003. 14. Frag. ustja in dna z ostenjem latvice (La 11); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj rjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 12,0; rekon. Pd= 4,0; rekon. v= 8,7; d= 0,7; ID: 7117/012-001. 15. Ročaj pekve (Pe 4c); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 13,7 x 3,8 x 3,3; ID: 7117/012-035. 16. Bikonično vretence (Vr 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 2,1 x 1,9; ID: 7117/012-040. Tabla 2 Kompleks 17/16a (zid I: plast a): 1. Frag. latvice z bradavico (La 7); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 4,0; ID: 7117/016a-002. 2. Latvica (La 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; Pu= 10,0; Pd= 4,0; v= 9,5; d= 0,8; ID: 7117/016a-001. 3. Frag. ustja pokrova z okrasom vod. nizov vtisov (Po 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj rjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 12,5; ID: 7117/016a-017 in 7117/027-168. 287 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE 4. Frag. ročaja pekve z vod. rebrom (Pe 9); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.1= 7,2 x 10,9 x 1,3; vel.2= 6,9 x 3,2 x 3,3; ID: 7117/016a-028. 5. Frag. ostenja vrča (V 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 5,8 x 4,2 x 1,1; ID: 7117/016a-030. Kompleks 17/16 (zid I: plast a): 6. Frag. ostenja z okrasom vod. razčlenjenega rebra (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sive, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,5 x 3,8 x 0,6; ID: 7117/016-009. Kompleks 17/28 (zid I: plast b): 7. Frag. ustja lonca (L 1a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,0; ID: 7117/028-043. 8. Latvica z žlebom na robu dna (La 11a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj sivočrna, lisasta; znotraj temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; Pu= 8,5; Pd= 3,5; v= 6,0; d= 0,7; ID: 7117/028-005. 9. Frag. ustja pokrova (Po 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trde, drobnozrnate fakture; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,5; ID: 7117/028-030. 10. Frag. pekve z okrasom vtisov (Pe 6); prostoročne izdelave; površina: glajena; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 4,8 x 5,1 x 1,1; ID: 7117/028-010. 11. Frag. prenosne pečke z bradavicama (Pp 2a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, grobozr-nata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.1= 6,5 x 5,1 x 1,6; vel.2= 8,4 x 2,2 x 1,7; ID: 7117/028-012; isto kot 7117/030-006. 12. Dno lonca z ostenjem (d 7); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; Pd= 7,0; v= 13,8; d= 1,1; ID: 7117/028-027. 13. Frag. dno lonca z ostenjem (d 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj sivočrna, lisasta; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 6,5; v= 12,5; d= 1,0; ID: 7117/028-033. 14. Frag. dna (d 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 5,5; ID: 7117/028-034. Tabla 3 Kompleks 17/27 (zid I: plast b): 1. Frag. ustja lonca (L 9b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna, lisasta; znotraj temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 13,5; ID: 7117/027-128. 2. Frag. ustja lonca (L 1a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 7117/027183; morda isto kot 7117/027-089. 3. 2 frag. ustja lonca (L 1b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,5; ID: 7117/027-005. 4. Frag. ustja lonca (L 13); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 7117/027-004. 5. Frag. ustja lonca (L 27); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna, lisasta; znotraj temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,5; ID: 7117/027-182. 6. Frag. ustja lonca z bradavico (L 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,0; ID: 7117/027-003; morda isto kot 7117/027-169. 7. Frag. ustja lonca z bradavico (L 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,2; ID: 7117/027-084. 8. Frag. ustja lonca z okrasom vod. razčlenjenega rebra (L 9b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 12,0; ID: 7117/027-083. 9. Frag. ustja lonca z okrasom vod. razčlenjenega rebra (L 3a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,5; ID: 7117/027-001. 10. Frag. ustja lonca z okrasom vod. razčlenjenega rebra (L 3a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,0; ID: 7117/027-148. 11. Frag. ustja lonca z vtisi (L 30); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj rdeča; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,5; ID: 7117/027-085. 12. Frag. ustja in frag. ostenja lonca z okrasom niza odtisov prsta (L 7a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; Pu= 9,0; ID: 7117/027-082; isto kot 7117/029-058. 13. Frag. dno lonca z ostenjem (d 6); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rjava, lisasta; znotraj temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 7,5; v= 15,4; d= 1,1; ID: 7117/027-200. 14. Frag. ostenja z okrasom vod. razčlenjenega rebra (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 6,3 x 6,0 x 0,9; ID: 7117/027-023. 15. Frag. ostenja z vrezanim okrasom (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,8 x 3,2 x 1,0; ID: 7117/027-025. 16. Frag. ostenja z vrezanim okrasom (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,9 x 5,3 x 0,8; ID: 7117/027-024. Tabla 4 Kompleks 17/27 (zid I: plast b): 1. Frag. ustja latvice z ušescem (La 9); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,5; ID: 7117/027-150. 2. Frag. ustja latvice z bradavico (La 7); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj rjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 10,5; ID: 7117/027-152. 3. Frag. ustja latvice (La 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,5; ID: 7117/027-154. 4. Frag. ustja latvice (La 11); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 7117/027-188. 5. 3 frag. ustja latvice (La 6); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj površina svetlordeča; znotraj rjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,5; ID: 7117/027-010. 288 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE 6. Frag. ustja sklede (Sk 11*); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj rjava, lisasta; trda, drobno-zrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 6,5; ID: 7117/027-108. 7. Frag. pekve z okrasom vod. razčlenjenega rebra (Pe 5a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 14,0; ID: 7117/027-002. 8. Frag. pekve (Pe 1a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rjava, lisasta; znotraj temnorjava, lisasta; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 13,0; ID: 7117/027-015. 9. Frag. pekve (Pe 1c); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj rjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 13,5; ID: 7117/027-088. 10. Frag. pekve (Pe 2c); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 7117/027-006. 11. Frag. ostenja pekve z razčlenjenim rebrom (Pe 7); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 7,9 x 6,7 x 1,8; ID: 7117/027-118; morda isto kot 7117/027-119. 12. Frag. ročaja pekve z razčlenjenim rebrom (Pe 7); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 9,3 x 5,9 x 3,6; ID: 7117/027-079. 13. Frag. ostenja in frag. ročaja pekve z bradavico (Pe 8a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 13,6 x 7,0 x 1,7; ID: 7117/027-174. 14. Frag. ročaj pekve (Pe 4e); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rjava, lisasta; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksi-dacijsko žgano; vel.= 8,1 x 3,6 x 2,2; ID: 7117/027-034. 15. Frag. ročaj pekve (Pe 4f); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 12,9 x 3,9 x 2,6; ID: 7117/027-120. 16. Stožčasto vretence (Vr 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,8 x 2,7; ID: 7117/027-127. Tabla 5 Kompleks 17/24 (zid I: plast c): 1. Lonec s stožčastim vratom z okrasom bradavic (Lsv 1b); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; Pu= 5,0; Pd= 2,5; v= 14,0; d= 0,6; ID: 7117/024-001. 2. Frag. latvica z držajema (La 7); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 13,5; Pd= 5,0; rekon. v= 16,0; d= 0,8; ID: 7117/024-002; isto kot 7117/026-005. Kompleks 17/25 (zid I: plast c): 3. Frag. ustja lonca (L 1b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,0; ID: 7117/025-001. 4. Frag. ustja latvice (La 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 7117/025-007. 5. Frag. ustja sklede (Sk 9); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,0; ID: 7117/025-005. 6. Frag. pekve (Pe 3b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 15,0; ID: 7117/025-008. 7. Frag. prenosne pečke z okrasom vod. razčlenjenega rebra (Pp 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. P= 15,5; ID: 7117/025-020. Kompleks 17/26 (zid I: plast c): 8. 3 frag. ustja lonca z bradavico (L 5); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna, lisasta; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 5,0; ID: 7117/026-001; isto kot 7117/027-186. 9. Frag. pladnja (Pl 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: glaje-na; barva: bledorjava; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. P= 16,0; v= 1,8; d= 1,3; ID: 7117/026-008. 10. Ročaj pekve (Pe 4d); prostoročne izdelave; površina: glajena, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; stihijsko žgano; vel.= 11,9 x 3,5 x 2,2; ID: 7117/026-013. Kompleks 17/23 (plast I/II): 11. Frag. ustja buče z okrasom vod. rebra (B); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 5,0; ID: 7117/023-001. 12. Frag. pekve (Pe 1c); prostoročne izdelave; površina: glajena, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj svetlorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 14,5; ID: 7117/023-006. 13. Frag. ostenja s podkvasto nalepko (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: glajena; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,6 x 4,0 x 0,9; ID: 7117/023-014. 14. Frag. svitka (S 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 7,9 x 3,8 x 3,9; ID: 7117/023-025. Tabla 6 Kompleks 17/20 (zid I in II): 1. Frag. ustja lonca z bradavico (L 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,2; ID: 7117/020-009. 2. Frag. ustja lonca (L 9a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 7117/020-016. 3. Frag. ustja skodele s poševno kaneliranimi rameni (Sk 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlordeča; znotraj rjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,9; ID: 7117/023-001. 4. Frag. ustja latvice (La 15a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,2; ID: 7117/020-002. 5. 3 frag. ustja latvice (La 11); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 7117/020-020. 6. Frag. ustja pokrova z okrasom vod. rebra (Po 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj rdeča; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 7117/020-005. Kompleks 17/17 (zid I in II): 7. Profilirano vretence (Vr 5); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,1 x 2,2; ID: 7117/017-009. 289 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE Kompleks 17/10 (zid I in II): 8. Frag. ustja lonca z bradavico (L 5); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: zunaj svetlordeča, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,0; ID: 7117/010-028. 9. Frag. lončka (Lo 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: hrapava, rahlo porozna; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 5,2; rekon. Pd= 3,5; rekon. v= 5,3; ID: 7117/010-038. 10. Frag. pekve (Pe 1b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: glajena, rahlo porozna; barva: rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 15,0; ID: 7117/010-021. 11. Frag. svitka (S 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 9,2 x 3,9 x 3,5; ID: 7117/010-055. Kompleks 17/15 (zid II): 12. Frag. ustja sklede s poševno kaneliranimi rameni (Sk 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,5; ID: 7117/015-001. 13. Frag. ustja latvice (La 12); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlosiva, lisasta; mehka, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 7117/015-003. 14. Frag. ustja latvice (La 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,0; ID: 7117/015-002. 15. Frag. pekve (Pe 2a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: hrapava; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj rjava; trda, grobozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 14,0; ID: 7117/015-016. 16. Frag. ročaj pekve z bradavicama (Pe 8b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, grobozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 9,0 x 4,2 x 2,7; ID: 7117/015-020. 17. Frag. svitek (S 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 11,2 x 4,0 x 4,4; ID: 7117/015-023. Tabla 7 Kompleks 17/8 (zid II): 1. Frag. ustja lonca z okrasom vod. razčlenjenega rebra (L 3b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: zunaj rumena, lisasta; znotraj svetlorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,5; ID: 7117/008-019. 2. Frag. ustja lonca z okrasom vod. rebra (L 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča, lisasta; trda, drobnozr-nata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 15,3; ID: 7117/008-034. 3. Frag. ustja lonca z bradavico (L 5); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,7; ID: 7117/008-035. 4. Lonec z tremi bradavicami (L 5); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: zunaj rdeča; znotraj temnorjava, lisasta; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; Pu= 5,5; Pd= 4,5; v= 12,3; d=0,8; ID: 7117/008-037. 5. Frag. ustja lonca (L 22b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,5; ID: 7117/008-001. 6. Frag. ustja z ostenjem lonca (L 21); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 7117/008-036. 7. Latvica z ušescem in vrezanim okrasom na dnu (La 16); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; Pu= 10,5; Pd= 3,0; v= 8,2; d= 0,9; ID: 7117/008-042. 8. Latvica z bradavico (La 18); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,5; Pd= 4,5; v= 6,0; d= 0,8; ID: 7117/008-044. 9. Latvica z bradavico (La 18); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,5; Pd= 4,0; v= 7,2; d= 0,8; ID: 7117/008-043. 10. Frag. ustja z ostenjem sklede (Sk 8); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj rjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 9,5; ID: 7117/008-045. 11. Lonček (Lo 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; Pu= 4,5; Pd= 3,5; v= 7,4; d= 0,6; ID: 7117/008-038. 12. Bikonično vretence (Vr 2a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: površina temnorjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,6 x 3,2; ID: 7117/008-032. 13. Dno lonca z ostenjem (d 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; Pd= 6,0; v= 20,2; d= 0,9; ID: 7117/008-040. 14. Dno lonca z ostenjem (d 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: rdeča, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; Pd= 5,5; v= 18,5; d= 1,0; ID: 7117/008-039. 15. Dno lonca z ostenjem (d 5); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj rjava; znotraj sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; Pd= 5,2; v= 12,8; d= 0,9; ID: 7117/008-027. Tabla 8 Kompleks 17/21 (zid II): 1. Frag. ustja pithosa (Pi 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: hrapava; barva: siva; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; površina fragmenta hrapava, ker je bil fragment v ognju; rekon. Pu= 16,0; ID: 7117/021-001. 2. Frag. ustja lonca (L 14a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 7117/021-002. 3. Frag. ustja ciborija s sledmi rdeče in črne grafitne barve (C 2c); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: zglajena; barva: rjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 7117/021-003. 4. Skodela (Sk 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; Pu= 6,5; Pd=3,2; v= 7,0; d= 0,6; ID: 7117/021-012. 5. Frag. ostenja pithosa z okrasom vod. rebra in sledmi rdeče barve (Pi 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlordeča; znotraj svetlorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 4,3 x 6,6 x 1,0; ID: 7117/021-019. 6. Frag. ostenja pithosa z okrasom vod. rebra in sledmi rdeče barve (Pi 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: hrapava; barva: ble-dorjava; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 6,3 x 6,3 x 1,1; ID: 7117/021-020. Kompleks 17/35 (zid II): 7. Frag. ostenja ciborija z okrasom vod. rebra in skromnimi sledmi rdeče barve (C 1b); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: zglajena; barva: svetlordeča; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; vel.= 6,1 x 6,3 x 0,6; ID: 7117/035-002. Kompleks 17/36 (zid II in III): 8. Frag. ročaja skodele (Sk 2a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; vel.= 4,5 x 3,0 x 1,1; ID: 7117/036-002. 290 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE Kompleks 17/19 (zid II in III): 9. Frag. ustja latvice z bradavico (La 5a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlosiva, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. P= 10,2; ID: 7117/019-001. 10. Profilirano vretence (Vr 5); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 2,4 x 1,8; ID: 7117/019-025. Kompleks 17/5 (zid III): 11. Frag. pekve z žlebljenim okrasom (Pe 6); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka ; barva: temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,5; ID: 7117/005-001. Kompleks 17/7 (zid III): 12. Frag. ustja latvice (La 15b); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,0; ID: 7117/007-001. 13. Frag. ostenja z okrasom vod. rebra (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka ; barva: zunaj rjava; znotraj sivočrna; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; vel.= 5,9 x 3,7 x 0,9; ID: 7117/007-004. Kompleks 17/11 (zid III): 14. Frag. ustja lonca (L 17b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: hrapava; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,0; ID: 7117/011-001. Kompleks 17/9 (zid III): 15. Frag. ustja lonca z držajema (L 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,5; ID: 7117/009-015. 16. Frag. ustja latvice (La 11b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj temnorjava; zelo trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,7; ID: 7117/009-011. 17. Frag. ustja sklede z nagubanim ostenjem (Sk 10); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,7; ID: 7117/009-016. 18. Frag. ognjiščne koze z okrasom vbodov (Ok 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: glajena, porozna; barva: svetlordeča; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 10,0 x 7,4 x 4,3; ID: 7117/009-037. 19. Bikonično vretence (Vr 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,0 x 3,4; ID: 7117/009-036. Tabla 9 Kompleks 17/6 (zid III): 1. Frag. ustja lonca (L 1a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj bledorjava; znotraj svetlordeča; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 12,0; ID: 7117/006-001. 2. Frag. ustja lonca z okrasom vod. rebra (L 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj svetlordeča, lisasta; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,5; ID: 7117/006-044. 3. Frag. ustja lonca (L 8a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,0; ID: 7117/006-002. 4. 2 frag. ustja lonca z bradavico (L 5); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: zunaj sivočrna, lisasta; znotraj temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,0; ID: 7117/006-043. 5. Frag. ustja latvice (La 14); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj sivočrna, lisasta; znotraj temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 7117/006-034. 6. Frag. ustja latvice z bradavico (La 18); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 7117/006-042. 7. Frag. ustja latvice (La 14); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,5; ID: 7117/006-035. 8. Frag. ostenja sklede s poševno kaneliranimi rameni (Sk 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,0 x 2,9 x 0,5; ID: 7117/006-049; morda isto kot 7117/006-051. 9. Frag. ostenja lonca s stožčastim vratom, žlebljenim okrasom in bradavico (o); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj svetlordeča, lisasta; znotraj rumena; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 7,2 x 7,0 x 0,6; ID: 7117/006-048. 10. Frag. pekve (Pe 1a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 14,7; ID: 7117/006-003. 11. Frag. ročaja skodele (z bradavicama) (Sk 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; vel.= 3,5 x 4,6 x 0,7; ID: 7117/006-099. 12. Frag. ostenja z okrasom žlebov (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 2,5 x 3,5 x 0,5; ID: 7117/006-050. 13. Frag. dna (d 7); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj svetlordeča; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 5,7; ID: 7117/006-078. 14. Frag. svitka (S 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 9,7 x 4,3 x 4,6; ID: 7117/006-094. 15. Bikonično vretence (Vr 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,4 x 2,9; ID: 7117/006-100. 16. Bikonično vretence (Vr 2a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,1 x 2,6; ID: 7117/006-101. 17. Profilirano vretence z vrezi (Vr 5); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,0 x 2,2; ID: 7117/006-102. Tabla 10 Kompleks 17/13 (zid III): 1. Frag. ustja lonca (L 21); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj bledorjava; znotraj svetlorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,5; ID: 7117/013-022. 2. Frag. ustja lonca (L 11); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj rumena; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 7117/013-021. 3. Frag. ustja lonca (L 11); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,7; ID: 7117/013-020. 4. Frag. ustja lonca z okrasom vod. žlebov (L 32); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, drobnozrna-ta faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 7117/013-019. 291 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE 5. Frag. ustja lonca z vrezi in bradavico (L 5); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,0; ID: 7117/013-001. 6. Frag. ustja latvice s sledmi grafitnega premaza (La 15a); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,8; ID: 7117/013-006. 7. Frag. ostenja lonca z okrasom vod. vrezov in nizom vtisov (L 29*); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, grobozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimlje-njem; vel.= 4,0 x 2,1 x 0,9; ID: 7117/013-007. 8. Frag. ostenja lonca z okrasom vod. žlebov in nizom vtisov (L 29); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rdečkasta; znotraj rdečkastosiva; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 4,3 x 3,7 x 1,0; ID: 7117/013-008. 9. Frag. ostenja lonca z okrasom reber (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj svetlordeča; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 4,0 x 3,6 x 0,7; ID: 7117/013-009. 10. Kroglasto vretence (Vr 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 2,6 x 2,1; ID: 7117/013-018. Kompleks 17/14 (zid III): 11. Frag. ustja lonca (L 18b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rjava; znotraj siva, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,5; ID: 7117/014-001; isto kot 7117/013-027; morda tudi 7117/014-002. 12. Frag. pladnja (Pl 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 16,0; v= 4,3; d= 1,5; ID: 7117/014-013; isto kot 7117/018-010. 13. Frag. dno z ostenjem (d 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; Pd= 4,5; v= 5,0; d= 0,8; ID: 7117/014-008. Kompleks 17/4 (latenska plast): 14. Frag. ustja pokala (P 2); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; rekon. Pu= 9,5; ID: 7117/004-002. 15. Frag. ustja glinenke (G 6); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,0; ID: 7117/004-001. 16. Frag. ostenja lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 35a); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,2 x 5,4 x 0,9; ID: 7117/004-028. 17. Stožčasto vretence (Vr 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rjava, lisasta; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,5 x 3,1; ID: 7117/004-048. Tabla 11 Kompleks 17/2 (latenska plast): 1. Frag. ustja lonca (L 38); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 12,5; ID: 7117/002-003. 2. Frag. ustja glinenke (G 5); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj površina svetlorjava; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,9; ID: 7117/002-001. 3. Frag. ustja lonca (L 25); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: svetlorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 7117/002-002. 4. Frag. ustja lonca (L 8b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,9; ID: 7117/002-004. 5. Frag. ustja lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 34a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,0; ID: 7117/002-025. 6. Frag. ostenja posode z nagubanim ostenjem (C 4a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: temnorjava; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 3,1 x 2,9 x 0,5; ID: 7117/002-043. 7. Frag. ostenja grafitnega lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 36); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; mehka, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 2,2 x 1,8 x 0,5; ID: 7117/002-026; morda isto kot 7117/002-027 in 7117/002-028. 8. Frag. ostenja lonca z metličenim okrasom (L 34b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,9 x 2,9 x 0,8; ID: 7117/002-031. 9. Frag. ostenja z žigosanim okrasom (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj siva; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,0 x 2,9 x 1,0; ID: 7117/002-033. 10. Frag. dna grafitnega lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 36); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlorjava, lisasta; znotraj siva; mehka, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 6,0; ID: 7117/002-048. Kompleks 17/32 (zid I: nasip): 11. Frag. ustja lonca z okrasom vod. rebra (L 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,5; ID: 7117/032-002. Kompleks 17/33 (zid I: nasip): 12. Frag. pekve z okrasom vod. rebra (Pe 6); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: svetlordeča; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 3,1 x 2,9 x 1,8; ID: 7117/033-009. 13. Frag. ostenja z okrasom vod. rebra in sledmi rdeče barve (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 5,1 x 3,5 x 0,6; ID: 7117/033-003. Kompleks 17/34 (zid I: nasip): 14. Frag. ustja latvice (La 11); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 7117/034-008. 15. Frag. ustja latvice (La 11b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,2; ID: 7117/034-001. 16. Frag. pekva (Pe 3a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rjava; znotraj svetlordeča; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 14,2; rekon. P= 12,0; v= 8,8; ID: 7117/034-002. Tabla 12 Kompleks 16A/24 (zid I: plast a): 1. Frag. ustja lonca z bradavico (L 5); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlordeča, lisasta; znotraj svetlor-java; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,5; ID: 7016A/024-019. 2. Lonček z nalepljenim okrasom (Lo 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj rjava, lisasta; 292 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; Pu= 5,1; Pd= 3,5; v= 8,7; d= 0,8; ID: 7016A/024-018. 3. Frag. ustja latvice (La 13); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj svetlordeča; znotraj svetlor-java, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,5; ID: 7016A/024-007. 4. Frag. ostenja sklede z vrezanim okrasom (Sk 6); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj sivočrna, lisasta; znotraj temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; vel.= 4,6 x 3,0 x 0,7; ID: 7016A/024-021. 5. Frag. pekve (Pe 1a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva, lisasta; znotraj temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 15,0; ID: 7016A/024-001. 6. Frag. dno lonca z ostenjem (d 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; Pd= 5,2; v= 10,3; d= 0,8; ID: 7016A/024-024. 7. Frag. dna (d 14); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksi-dacijsko žgana; rekon. Pd= 4,0; ID: 7016A/024-030. 8. Frag. piramidalne uteži (U 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,2 x 3,4 x 4,1; ID: 7016A/024-035. 9. Stožčasto vretence (Vr 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,1 x 3,2; ID: 7016A/024-034. Kompleks 16A/25 (zid I: plast a): 10. Frag. ustja lonca (L 1b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,0; ID: 7016A/025-001. 11. Frag. ustja latvice (La 15b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 10,5; ID: 7016A/025-003. 12. Frag. ostenja sklede (Sk 5); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,1 x 3,5 x 0,7; ID: 7016A/025-011. 13. Frag. ostenja lonca (L 14a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj rjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 6,2 x 5,9 x 1,3; ID: 7016A/025-002. 14. Frag. dna (d 7); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: površina rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 9,0; ID: 7016A/025-016. 15. Frag. noge (n 1c); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pn= 5,5; ID: 7016A/025-023. 16. Sodčasto vretence z vrezanim okrasom (Vr 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 2,3 x 1,8; ID: 7016A/025-025. Kompleks 16A/22 (zid I: plast b): 17. Frag. ustja in ostenja latvice z ušescem (La 16); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,2; ID: 7016A/022-003. Kompleks 16A/23 (zid I: plast b): 18. Lonček z bradavico (Lo 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; Pu= 5,2; Pd= 4,0; v= 6,8; d= 0,7; ID: 7016A/023-001. Tabla 13 Kompleks 16A/20 (zid I: plast b): 1. Frag. ustja lonca z okrasom vod. razčlenjenega rebra (L 3a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 10,7; ID: 7016A/020-122. 2. Frag. ustja lonca z vtisi (L 7b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,5; ID: 7016A/020-121. 3. Frag. ustja lonca z okrasom vod. rebra in bradavico (L 16); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,3; ID: 7016A/020-098. 4. Frag. ustja lonca z vod. kaneliranimi rameni (L 33); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj sivočrna, lisasta; znotraj temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 8,0; ID: 7016A/020-091. 5. Frag. ustja in frag. ostenja lonca s stožčastim vratomin sledmi črnega grafitnega premaza, (Lsv 1a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 13,4; ID: 7016A/020-042. 6. Frag. ustja ciborija s sledmi črnega grafitnega premaza in skromnimi sledmi rdeče barve (C 2a); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: zglajena; barva: rjava; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 7016A/020-020. 7. Frag. ostenja ciborija z okrasom vod. rebra ter sledmi črnega grafitnega premaza in rdeče barve (C 1b); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: rjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 6,7 x 6,6 x 0,7; ID: 7016A/020-021. 8. Frag. ustja latvice z bradavico (La 18); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu=8,5; ID: 7016A/020-079. 9. Latvica z ušescem, (L 16b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj sivočrna, lisasta; znotraj sive; trda, finozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; Pu= 9,0; Pd= 4,0; v= 7,0; d= 0,7; ID: 7016A/020-060. 10. Frag. ustja z ostenjem latvice z bradavico (La 16a*); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 10,8; ID: 7016A/020-061. 11. Frag. ustja z ostenjem latvice (La 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 7016A/020-080. 12. Frag. ustja latvice (La 6); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,0; ID: 7016A/020-024. 13. Frag. ustja z ostenjem sklede (Sk 5); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 5,0; ID: 7016A/020-081. 14. Frag. ostenja s podkvasto nalepko (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 5,2 x 5,0 x 0,9; ID: 7016A/020-107. 15. Frag. pekve z okrasom vod. razčlenjenega rebra (Pe 5b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 15,0; ID: 7016A/020-012. 293 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE 16. Frag. pekve (Pe 1a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 13,5; ID: 7016A/020-027. 17. Frag. dna (d 14a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj siva; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 4,5; ID: 7016A/020-049. 18. Piramidalna utež (U 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 6,3 x 6,4 x 6,1; ID: 7016A/020-059. 19. Utež (U 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 6,3 x 6,4 x 3,4; ID: 7016A/020-090. Tabla 14 Kompleks 16A/18 (zid I: plast c): 1.Frag. ostenja sklede s poševno fasetiranimi rameni (Sk 3*); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,7 x 5,4 x 0,8; ID: 7016A/018-009. 2. Frag. ostenja sklede z vtisnjenim in žigosanim okrasom ter skromnimi sledmi bele inkrustracije (Sk 5); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. P= 5,0; ID: 7016A/018-010. Kompleks 16A/15 (zid I: plast c): 3. Frag. ustja lonca (L 17b); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,5; ID: 7016A/015-001. 4. Frag. dna (d 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pd= 4,5; ID: 7016A/015-009. Kompleks 16A/19 (zid I: plast c): 5. Frag. ustja z ostenjem lonca z bradavico (L 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 13,0; ID: 7016A/019-024. 6. Frag. latvice (La 11); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,5; rekon. Pd= 3,2; rekon. v= 7,0; ID: 7016A/019-025. 7. Frag. ročaja pekve (Pe 4a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: svetlorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 14,4 x 4,9 x 3,4; ID: 7016A/019-031. 8. Frag. ročaja pekve (Pe 4d); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 9,0 x 3,4 x 2,3; ID: 7016A/019-005. 9. Frag. piramidalna utež (U 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 5,3 x 3,2 x 3,3; ID: 7016A/019-008. Kompleks 16A/27 (plast I/II): 10. Frag. ustja ciborija s sledmi črne grafitne in rdeče barve (C 2b); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: zglajena; barva: rjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,5; ID: 7016A/027-001. 11. Frag. ustja latvice s skromnimi sledmi rdeče barve (La 15a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,7; ID: 7016A/027-002. Kompleks 7 (zid I in II): 12. Frag. ustja z ostenjem lonca s stožčastim vratom z okrasom vod. žleba, poševnimi vrezi in skromnimi sledmi grafitnega premaza (Lsv 2); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj temnorjava; zelo trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,0; ID: 7016A/007-026; morda isto kot 7016A/007-027. 13. Frag. dna (d 14); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 3,7; ID: 7016A/007-027; morda isto kot 7016A/007-026. 14. Frag. ustja latvice (La 11); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,0; ID: 7016A/007-002. 15. Frag. ustja latvice (La 11); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 12,0; ID: 7016A/007-031. 16. Bikonično vretence (Vr 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,7 x 3,6; ID: 7016A/007-025. Tabla 15 Kompleks 16A/17 (plast I/II): 1. Lonec z okrasom vod. žlebov in niza odtisov (L 29); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rjava, lisasta; znotraj bledorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; Pu= 7,0; Pd= 5,5; v= 24,0; d= 1,0; ID: 7016A/017-001. 2. Frag. ustja z ostenjem lonca z okrasom vod. žlebov in sledmi črnega premaza (L 29); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj rjava, lisasta; znotraj svetlorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 6,7; ID: 7016A/017-054. 3. Frag. vod. kaneliranega ustja pithosa (Pi 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: hrapava; barva: svetlordeča; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 18,5; ID: 7016A/017-051. 4. Frag. ustja lonca z vod. kaneliranim vratom (L 33); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,0; ID: 7016A/017-004. 5. Frag. ustja lonca (L 24); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 12,0; ID: 7016A/017-055. 6. Frag. ustja lonca (L 12); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,0; ID: 7016A/017-059. 7. Frag. ustja lonca (L 12); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,5; ID: 7016A/017-031. 8. Frag. ustja lonca (L 15); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 7016A/017-021. 9. Frag. ustja lonca (L 17a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 7016A/017-005. 10. Frag. ustja lonca z okrasom vod. rebra (L 29); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj svetlorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 8,5; ID: 7016A/017-043. 11. Frag. ostenja lonca (L 26); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj rdeča; zelo trda, 294 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE drobnozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 4,0 x 4,7 x 0,9; ID: 7016A/017-060. 12. Frag. ustja latvice (La 11); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,5; ID: 7016A/017-061. 13. Frag. ustja latvice (La 11); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 8,5; ID: 7016A/017-018. 14. Dno lonca s frag. nalepko (L 6*); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj ble-dorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; Pd= 4,7; v= 12,5; d= 1,0; ID: 7016A/017-002. 15. Frag. ostenja pithosa z okrasom vod. rebra ter sledmi rdeče in črne barve (Pi 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: rdeče; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksida-cijsko žgano; vel.= 6,9 x 5,4 x 1,0; ID: 7016A/017-052. 16. Frag. ostenja pithosa z okrasom vod. rebra ter sledmi rdeče in črne barve (Pi 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rdeča; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 4,9 x 5,4 x 1,1; ID: 7016A/017-023. 17. Frag. pekve (Pe 2a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: glajena; barva: zunaj rjava; znotraj svetlorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 19,0; ID: 7016A/017-022. 18. Frag. ročaja pekve (Pe 4a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, grobozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 11,9 x 4,0 x 3,5; ID: 7016A/017-019. 19. Čep pokrova (Po 4a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: glajena; barva: zunaj svetlorjava; znotraj sivočrna; zelo trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,9 x 3,4 x 1,1; ID: 7016A/017-072. 20. Frag. ognjiščne koze (Ok 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 9,8 x 6,7 x 3,6; ID: 7016A/017-048. 21. Dvakrat preluknjano kvadratno vretence (Vr 1*); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 2,5 x 2,5; ID: 7016A/017-039. Tabla 16 Kompleks 16A/9 (zid II): 1. Frag. ustja lonca (L 25); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 12,8; ID: 7016A/009-003. 2. Frag. ustja latvice (La 11b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 8,2; ID: 7016A/009-004. 3. Frag. ustja ročke (Ro 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,0; ID: 7016A/009-010. 4. Frag. ostenja lonca (L 1a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, drobno-zrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 18,2 x 24,5 x 1,0; ID: 7016A/009-018. 5. Dno z ostenjem lonca (L 1a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, drob-nozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; Pd= 4,5; v= 19,5; d= 1,1; ID: 7016A/009-016. 6. Frag. ostenja lonca s podkvasto nalepko (L 6*); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 5,5; ID: 7016A/009-017. 7. Frag. prstanastega dna (d 12a); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlordeča, lisasta; znotraj rjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 7,0; ID: 7016A/009-012. Kompleks 16A/12 (zid II): 8. Frag. ustja lonca z bradavico (L 5); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 12,0; ID: 7016A/012-002. 9. Frag. ustja lonca z bradavico (L 5); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,0; ID: 7016A/012-001. Kompleks 16A/26 (zid II): 10. Frag. ustja lonca s podkvasto nalepko (L 6); prostoročne izdelave; površina: hrapava, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj siva, lisasta; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,5; ID: 7016A/026-001. 11. Frag. ostenja z okrasom vod. rebra in sledmi rdeče barve (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnor-java; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,2 x 3,1 x 1,0; ID: 7016A/026-003. Kompleks 16A/28 (zid II): 12. Frag. ustja latvice (La 11); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 7016A/028-002. Kompleks 16A/6 (zid II in III): 13. Frag. ustja lonca (L 1b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: bledorjava, lisasta; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,5; ID: 7016A/006-022. 14. Frag. ustja lonca s stožčastim vratom (Lsv 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: zunaj svetlordeča; znotraj bledorjava; mehka, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,5; ID: 7016A/006-008. 15. Frag. ustja latvice (La 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,7; ID: 7016A/006-006. 16. Frag. ročaj pekve (Pe 4a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; stihijsko žgano; vel.= 17,8 x 4,0 x 2,9; ID: 7016A/006-034. 17. Frag. noge (n 1c); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pn= 6,0; ID: 7016A/006-020. 18. Bikonično vretence (Vr 2a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 1,9 x 2,1; ID: 7016A/006-021. Tabla 17 Kompleks 16A/10 (zid II in III): 1. Frag. ustja lonca (L 1a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,0; ID: 7016A/010-004. 2. Frag. ustja ciborija s skromnimi sledmi rdeče barve (C 2e); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: zunaj rdeča; znotraj svetlordeča, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,0; ID: 7016A/010-001. 3. Frag. ustja ciborija (C 2e); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj rdeča; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 14,0; ID: 7016A/010-002. 295 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE 4. Frag. noge ciborija s skromnimi sledmi rdeče barve (C 3); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: zunaj rdeča; znotraj svetlordeča; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pn= 8,5; ID: 7016A/010-003. 5. Frag. ostenja grafitnega lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 36); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; mehka, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,0 x 2,2 x 0,9; ID: 7016A/010-019. Kompleks 16A/13 (zid III): 6. Frag. ustja z ostenjem sklede z okrasom vtisov in skromnimi sledmi grafitnega premaza (Sk 5); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 4,9; ID: 7016A/011-001. Kompleks 16A/3 (zid III): 7. Frag. ostenja cedila z bradavico (pos. obl. 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 5,4 x 4,4 x 0,5; ID: 7016A/003-015. 8. Frag. ostenja pithosa z okrasom vod. rebra (Pi 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: zunaj rdečkasta, lisasta; znotraj siva; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 6,5 x 5,3 x 0,9; ID: 7016A/003-012. 9. Stožčasto vretence (Vr 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,0 x 3,5; ID: 7016A/003-013. 10. Bikonično vretence (Vr 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,4 x 2,8; ID: 7016A/003-014. Kompleks 16A/13 (zid III): 11. Frag. ustja lonca (L 1a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 7016A/013-003. 12. Frag. ustja lonca (L 17b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: hrapava; barva: zunaj siva; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,0; ID: 7016A/013-001. 13. Frag. ustja lonca (L 14b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rjava, lisasta; znotraj siva, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 5,2; ID: 7016A/013-002. 14. Frag. ostenja sklede (Sk 5); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; ID: 7016A/013-006. 15. Frag. pekve (Pe 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 12,5; ID: 7016A/013-014. Kompleks 16A/8 (zid III): 16. Frag. ustja lonca s stožčastim vratom (Lsv 1b); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,0; ID: 7016A/008-001; morda isto kot 7016A/007-029. 17. Bikonično vretence (Vr 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 3,7 x 3,1; ID: 7016A/008-004. Kompleks 16A/2 (zid III in latenska plast): 18. Frag. vod. kaneliranega ustja pithosa (Pi 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: svetlordeča, lisasta; zelo trda, grobozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 15,2; ID: 7016A/002-003. 19. Frag. ustja lonca (L 20); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj svetlordeča; znotraj rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,0; ID: 7016A/002-002. 20. Frag. ustja glinenke (G 7); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 7016A/002-001. 21. Frag. dna posode z nizko nogo (d 22*); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj svetlorde-ča, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pn= 5,0; ID: 7016A/002-004. Tabla 18 Kompleks 16A/5 (zid III in latenska plast): 1. Frag. ustja grafitnega lonca (L 36a*); dodelano na vrete-nu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,5; ID: 7016A/005-001. 2. Frag. ustja glinenke (G 5); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 7,0; ID: 7016A/005-012. 3. Frag. ustja glinenke (G 9a); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; rekon. Pu= 6,5; ID: 7016A/005-002. 4. Frag. ustja glinenke (G 4); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 5,5; ID: 7016A/005-042. 5. Frag. ustja latvice (La 11); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,5; ID: 7016A/005-046. 6. Frag. dna (d 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 7,2; ID: 7016A/005-008. 7. Frag. ostenja lonca z metličenim okrasom (L 34b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,2 x 4,0 x 1,0; ID: 7016A/005-005. 8. Frag. ostenja z žigosanim okrasom (o); izdelano na vre-tenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; vel.= 3,1 x 2,9 x 0,6; ID: 7016A/005-003. 9. Frag. ostenja z okrasom vtisov, skromnimi sledmi bele inkrustracije in grafitnega premaza (o); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,2 x 4,4 x 0,7; ID: 7016A/005-022. 10. Frag. ostenja z okrasom vod. rebra (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: svetlordeča; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 7,6 x 4,5 x 1,0; ID: 7016A/005-004. 11. Frag. ostenja ciborija z okrasom vod. rebra ter sledmi črne in rdeče barve (C 1c); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rdeča; znotraj sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; vel.= 1,9 x 2,1 x 0,8; ID: 7016A/005-024. 12. Frag. ostenja pithosa z okrasom vod. rebra in sledmi rdeče barve (Pi 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: svetlorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 3,9 x 4,6 x 1,0; ID: 7016A/005-025. 13. Frag. bikonično vretence (Vr 2a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 4,0 x 3,0 x 2,2; ID: 7016A/005-032. 14. Frag. svitka (S 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: glaje-na; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 8,8 x 3,6 x 4,0; ID: 7016A/005-030. 296 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE 15. Frag. svitka (S 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: hrapava; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; fragment bil prežgan; vel.= 5,1 x 4,0 x 2,7; ID: 7016A/005-060. Kompleks 16A/1 (latenska plast): 16. Frag. ostenja z žigosanim in koleščkanim okrasom (o); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura z drobci grafita; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,6 x 2,1 x 0,7; ID: 7016A/001-001. Kompleks 16A/4 (latenska plast): 17. Frag. ustja z ostenjem sklede z okrasom vod. rebra in bradavico (Sk 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj sivočrna, lisasta; znotraj siva; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,0; ID: 7016A/004-009. 18. Frag. ostenja z žigosanim okrasom (o); izdelano na vre-tenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva; znotraj sivočrna; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; vel.= 2,7 x 2,4 x 0,5; ID: 7016A/004-011. 19. Frag. ostenja z žigosanim in koleščkanim okrasom (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: bledorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 2,7 x 3,3 x 0,8; ID: 7016A/004-012; isto kot 7016A/004-013. Tabla 19 Kompleks 16A/31 (zid I: nasip): 1. Črepinjska utež (Vr 7); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj bledorjava; znotraj svetlorjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; vel.= 4,9 x 4,7 x 1,1; ID: 7016A/031-005. Kompleks 16A/32 (zid I: nasip): 2. Frag. dna (d 13); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj svetlordeča, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 3,0; ID: 7016A/032-007. 3. Frag. noge (n 1c); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pn= 5,5; ID: 7016A/032-009. Kompleks 16A/30 (zid II in III: nasip): 4. Frag. ustja lonca (L 16); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,6; ID: 7016A/030-001. Kompleks 16B/4 (zid II: nasip): 5. Frag. ustja sklede (Sk 9); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rjava; znotraj siva, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 7,0; ID: 7016B/004-001. 6. Frag. prenosne pečke z žlebljenim okrasom (Pp 2d); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 12,0; ID: 7016B/004-003. Kompleks 16B/9 (latenski tlak 1): 7. Frag. ustja lonca (L 26); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj bledorjava; znotraj siva, lisasta; trda, drob-nozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 13,7; ID: 7016B/009-001. Kompleks 16B/10 (latenski tlak 1): 8. Frag. ustja lonca (L 1a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 7016B/010-008. 9. Frag. ustja lonca (L 18b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlorjava; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,2; ID: 7016B/010-001. Kompleks 16B/7 (latenski tlak 2): 10. Frag. ustja lonca (L 13); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,0; ID: 7016B/007-001. Kompleks 16B/6 (latenski tlak 2): 11. Frag. ustja lonca (L 26); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,7; ID: 7016B/006-001. 12. Frag. dna (d 19); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pd= 4,0; ID: 7016B/006-008. Kompleks 16B/16 (latenski tlak 2): 13. Frag. šobe (Š); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča; trda, grobozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 6,5 x 4,2 x 2,2; ID: 7016B/016-001. Kompleks 16B/11 (latenski tlak 3): 14. Frag. ustja lonca (L 13); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj bledorjava, lisasta; znotraj svetlorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 7016B/011-002. 15. Frag. protoma v obliki živalskega roga (Sk 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; vel.= 4,1 x 1,5 x 1,4; ID: 7016B/011-010. Kompleks 16B/1 (neopredeljeno): 16. Frag. ostenja sklede z okrasom poševnih žlebov (Sk 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,3 x 2,8 x 0,6; ID: 7016B/001-003. Kompleks 16B/17 (neopredeljeno): 17. Frag. prstanastega dna (d 22); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pd= 3,0; ID: 7016B/017-001. Tabla 20 Kompleks 14/18 (zid I: plast a): 1. Frag. pekve (Pe 2c); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: zunaj svetlordeča; znotraj rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 12,0; ID: 6914/018-001. Kompleks 14/26 (zid I: plast a): 2. Frag. dna (d 11a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 3,0; ID: 6914/026-008. Kompleks 14/27 (zid I: plast a): 3. Frag. ustja lonca z bradavico (L 5); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj svetlorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,7; ID: 6914/027-001. 297 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE 4. Prag. ustja latvice (La 6a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; zelo trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,0; ID: 6914/027-009. 5. Prag. dna (d 6); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj svetlorjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 5,0; ID: 6914/027-013. 6. Piramidalna utež (U 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,6 x 6,4 x 4,4; ID: 6914/027-018. Kompleks 14/23 (zid I: plast b): 7. Prag. ustja lonca (L 8a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,5; ID: 6914/023-001. 8. Prag. ustja lonca (L 9a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 6914/023-007. 9. Prag. ostenja sklede s poševno kaneliranimi rameni (Sk 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva, lisasta; znotraj svetlosiva, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,5 x 4,1 x 0,7; ID: 6914/023-024. 10. Profilirano vretence (Vr 5 ); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 2,3 x 1,8; ID: 6914/023-035. Kompleks 14/24 (zid I: plast b): 11. Prag. ustja lonca (L 25); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva, lisasta; znotraj temnorjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 12,5; ID: 6914/024-001; isto kot 6914/023-008. 12. Prag. ustja lonca (L 18b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozr-nata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,7; ID: 6914/024-034. Kompleks 14/20 (zid I: plast c): 13. Prag. ustja lonca z bradavico (L 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,0; ID: 6914/020-001. 14. Prag. dna (d 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: glajena, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj siva, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 5,0; ID: 6914/020-006. 15. Prag. dna (d 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj rjava; znotraj siva; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 3,5; ID: 6914/020-007. 16. Dno lonca z ostenjem (d 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; Pd= 6,8; v= 12,7; d= 0,7; ID: 6914/B-001. Tabla 21 Kompleks 14/21 (plast c k zidu I): 1. Prag. vod. kaneliranega ustja pithosa (Pi 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 12,0; ID: 6914/021-029; morda isto kot 6914/021-026. 2. Prag. ustja lonca (L 28); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 6,0; ID: 6914/021-097. 3. Prag. ustja latvice (La 11); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 6914/021-080. 4. Prag. ustja latvice (La 6); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, porozna; barva: svetlordeča; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,5; ID: 6914/021-001. 5. Prag. ustja latvice (La 11); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 6914/021-081. 6. Prag. ustja latvice (La 13); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 6914/021-031. 7. Prag. ostenja sklede s poševno nažljebljenimi rameni (Sk 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,8 x 3,4 x 0,7; ID: 6914/021-064. 8. Prag. dna (d 14); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 5,0; ID: 6914/021-021. 9. Prag. pekva (Pe 3a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: glajena; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, grobozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 12,7; rekon. P= 6,5; v= 8,6; ID: 6914/021-063. 10. Prag. ostenja z bradavico (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,6 x 5,8 x 1,2; ID: 6914/021-057. 11. Prag. ostenja z okrasom vod. razčlenjenega rebra (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 6,2 x 7,3 x 0,9; ID: 6914/021-049. 12. Prag. ostenja z okrasom vod. razčlenjenega rebra (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rjava, lisasta; znotraj svetlordeča; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; vel.= 4,7 x 3,7 x 0,4; ID: 6914/021-024. 13. Bikonično vretence (Vr 2a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,2 x 2,4; ID: 6914/021-061. Kompleks 14/10 (zid I in II): 14. Prag. ustja lonca (L 1a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 6914/010-001. Kompleks 14/16 (plast I/II): 15. Prag. ustja ciborija s sledmi rdeče in črne grafitne barve (C 2b); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj svetlordeča; znotraj temnorjava; zelo trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,0; ID: 6914/016-001. 16. Prag. dna (d 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlorjava; znotraj temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 5,0; ID: 6914/016-003. Tabla 22 Kompleks 14/19 (zid I: plast c in plast I/II): 1. Prag. ustja pithosa (Pi 2a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 17,0; ID: 6914/019-010. 2. Prag. ustja lonca (L 1a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,5; ID: 6914/019-001. 3. Prag. ustja lonca (L 18a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,0; ID: 6914/019-021. 4. Prag. ustja in frag. ostenja ciborija z okrasom vod. rebra ter sledmi rdeče barve in črnega grafitnega premaza (C 1a); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: zglajena; 298 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE barva: svetlordeča; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,5; ID: 6914/019-006; morda isto kot 6914/019-007. 5. Frag. noge ciborija s sledmi črnega grafitnega premaza in skromnimi sledmi rdeče barve (C 3); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: zglajena; barva: svetlordeča; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pn= 5,5;ID: 6914/019-007; morda isto kot 6914/019-006. 6. Frag. ostenja buče z vod. kaneliranimi rameni (B); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 8,4 x 8,2 x 0,8; ID: 6914/019-009. 7. Frag. ustja latvice z ušescem (La 16b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 6914/019-011. 8. Frag. ostenja sklede (Sk 5); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; vel.= 4,2 x 3,5 x 0,5; ID: 6914/019-003. 9. Frag. dna z odtisi (d 8); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 5,2; ID: 6914/019-024. 10. Frag. dna (d 7); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pd= 5,0; ID: 6914/019-023. 11. Frag. ostenja z okrasom rebra (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: svetlordeča; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 4,5 x 6,1 x 0,8; ID: 6914/019-016. 12. Frag. ustja pokrova (Po 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: hrapava; barva: svetlordeča; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 13,0; ID: 6914/019-022. 13. Frag. ustja pekača prenosne pečke (Pp 1b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. P= 18,0; ID: 6914/019-015. 14. Frag. prenosne pečke z žlebljenim okrasom (Pp 2d*); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 9,4 x 7,3 x 1,8; ID: 6914/019-005. 15. Frag. ročaja pekve (Pe 4e); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 7,8 x 3,9 x 2,5; ID: 6914/019-017. Tabla 23 Kompleks 14/17 (zid I in II): 1. Frag. ustja latvice (La 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 13,2; ID: 6914/017-008. 2. Frag. ustja lonca (L 1b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,0; ID: 6914/017-001. 3. Frag. ustja lonca (L 18b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj rjava; zelo trda, finozr-nata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 7,0; ID: 6914/017-005. 4. Frag. ostenja ciborija z okrasom vod. rebra ter sledmi rdeče barve in skromnimi sledmi črnega grafitnega premaza (C 1c); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj svetlorjave; znotraj sivočrna; zelo trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; vel.= 7,0 x 7,7 x 0,8; ID: 6914/017-010. 5. Frag. pekva (Pe 3b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: svetlorjava, lisasta; trda, grobozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 12,7; rekon. P= 8,0; v= 8,0; ID: 6914/017-014. 6. Frag. pekve z okrasom vod. žleba in bradavico (Pe 6); prostoročne izdelave; površina: glajena; barva: zunaj rjava, lisasta; znotraj bledorjava; trda, grobozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 14,2; ID: 6914/017-015. 7. Frag. ustja pokrova (Po 1a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 12,0; ID: 6914/018-001. 8. Frag. svitka (S 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: hrapava, rahlo porozna; barva: siva; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; stihijsko žgano; vel.= 9,4 x 3,8 x 3,7; ID: 6914/017-013. Kompleks 14/15 (zid II): 9. Frag. ustja latvice z odtisom (La 21); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 6914/015-001. 10. Frag. noge (n 1a); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj svetlordeča; znotraj siva, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pn= 9,0; ID: 6914/015-006. Kompleks 14/5 (zid II in III): 11. Stožčasta utež z odtisom (U 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 6,7 x 7,0; ID: 6914/005-008. 12. Svitek (S 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: hrapava; barva: svetlordeča, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; P= 5,8; v= 4,2; d= 3,9; ID: 6914/005-001. Tabla 24 Kompleks 14/12 (zid II in III): 1. Frag. ustja lonca (L 1b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: hrapava; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,0; ID: 6914/012-014. 2. Frag. ustja latvice (La 11); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj bledorjava, lisasta; znotraj rjava; mehka, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,0; ID: 6914/012-003. 3. Frag. pekve (Pe 2a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: svetlorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,0; ID: 6914/012-005. 4. Frag. dna (d 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj rjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 7,0; ID: 6914/012-009. 5. Frag. dna (d 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: glajena; barva: zunaj rjava; znotraj svetlorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 6,2; ID: 6914/012-018. 6. Piramidalna utež (U 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,5 x 5,6 x 4,3; ID: 6914/012-012. Kompleks 14/11 (zid III): 7. Frag. ustja lonca (L 1a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozr-nata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 6914/011-001. Kompleks 14/9 (zid III): 8. Frag. ustja latvice z ušescem (La 17); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 6914/009-001. 299 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE Kompleks 14/7 (zid III): 9. Prag. ostenja pithosa z okrasom vod. rebra ter sledmi rdeče in črne barve (Pi 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: zunaj svetlorjava; znotraj temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,7 x 3,9 x 0,9; ID: 6914/007-009. 10. Sodčasto vretence (Vr 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; zelo trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,0 x 3,2; ID: 6914/007-010. Kompleks 14/6 (zid III in latenska plast): 11. Prag. ustja lonca z okrasom vod. rebra (L 8a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,0; ID: 6914/006-026. 12. Prag. ustja lonca (L 1a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: svetlordeča; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,0; ID: 6914/006-027. 13. Prag. ustja latvice z ušescem (La 16a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 6914/006-003. 14. Prag. ustja latvice (La 11); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,0; ID: 6914/006-013. 15. Dno (d 15); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj siva, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; Pd= 3,0; v= 2,1; d= 0,8; ID: 6914/006-005. 16. Prag. ročaja skodele z živalskima glavicama in sledmi rdeče barve(Sk 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: svetlordeča, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; vel.= 4,9 x 3,4 x 1,5; ID: 6914/006-030. 17. Prag. ostenja s podkvasto nalepko (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: bledorjava; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 4,6 x 4,1 x 0,7; ID: 6914/006-029. 18. Prag. ostenja grafitnega lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 36); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; mehka, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 5,8 x 5,8 x 1,1; ID: 6914/006-028. 19. Čep pokrova (Po 4b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,0 x 3,1 x 2,8; ID: 6914/006-018. 20. Prag. motka (M 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: svetlordeča; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 6,3 x 4,5 x 1,3; ID: 6914/006-019. 21. Profilirano vretence (Vr 5); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,8 x 2,7 x 1,7; ID: 6914/006-010. Tabla 25 Kompleks 14/28 (zid III): 1. Prag. ustja lonca s stoščastim vratom in okrasom vod. rebra (Lsv 3); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: zglajena, porozna; barva: svetlordeča; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 7,0; ID: 6914/028-001. 2. Prag. ustja lonca s podkvasto nalepko (L 6); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,7; ID: 6914/028-002. 3. Prag. dna (d 19); izdelano na vretenu; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pd= 4,0; ID: 6914/028-011. 4. Prag. ostenja lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 34a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: zunaj ble-dorjava; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,5 x 4,1 x 0,9; ID: 6914/028-004. Kompleks 14/2 (latenska plast): 5. Prag. ustja lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 35c*); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,5; ID: 6914/002-059. 6. Prag. ustja lonca (L 42a); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,5; ID: 6914/002-060. 7. Prag. ustja lonca (L 40a); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 6914/002-056. 8. Prag. ustja pokala (P 2); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 10,5; ID: 6914/002-058. 9. Prag. ustja glinenke (G 10); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva; znotraj svetlorjava; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; rekon. Pu= 10,2; ID: 6914/002-001. 10. Prag. ustja pokala (P 1); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva; znotraj sivočrna; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 6914/002-057. 11. Prag. ostenja sklede (Sk 5); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; ID: 6914/002-052. 12. Prag. ustja pokrova (Po 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 12,0; ID: 6914/002-051. 13. Prag. ustja pekača prenosne pečke (Pp 1c); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. P= 12,5; ID: 6914/002-067. 14. Prag. ostenja z žigosanim, koleščkanim okrasom in vrezi (o); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj bledorjava; znotraj siva, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 5,7 x 3,6 x 1,1; ID: 6914/002-004. 15. Prag. ostenja glinenke z žigosanim okrasom (o); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; vel.= 4,5 x 3,5 x 0,5; ID: 6914/002-003. 16. Prag. ostenja lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 35a); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: rjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 4,6 x 4,0 x 0,7; ID: 6914/002-002. Kompleks 14/4 (latenska plast): 17. Prag. dna (d 17); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj bledorjava; znotraj rdečkasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 4,5; ID: 6914/004-001. Kompleks 14/1 (neopredeljeno): 18. Prag. ustja lonca z okrasom rebra (o); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj siva, lisasta; zelo trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 6914/001-001. Kompleks 14/30 (neopredeljeno): 19. Prag. bikonično vretence (Vr 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,7 x 2,8 x 1,9; ID: 6914/030-003. 300 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE Tabla 26 Kompleks 7176 (zid I): 1. Frag. ustja lonca z okrasom vod. razčlenjenega rebra (L 3a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 7,0; ID: 6807/076-007. 2. Frag. dna (d 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj rjava; znotraj temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 5,0; ID: 6807/076-014. 3. Frag. ročaja pekve z razčlenjenim rebrom (Pe 7); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; stihijsko žgano; vel.= 6,1 x 4,5 x 1,5; ID: 6807/076-020. 4. Piramidalna utež (U 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 5,9 x 6,8 x 6,1; ID: 6807/076-023. 5. Kroglasto vretence (Vr 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,0 x 2,0; ID: 6807/076-022. Kompleks 7175 (zid I): 6. Frag. ustja z ostenjem latvice (La 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 7,5 x 8,5 x 0,7; rekon. Pu= 9,7; ID: 6807/075-005. 7. Frag. pekača prenosne pečke (Pp 1a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj rjava, lisasta; znotraj temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. P= 16,5; ID: 6807/075-009. 8. Bikonično vretence (Vr 2a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: sive; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,7 x 2,9; ID: 6807/075-016. Kompleks 7178 (zid I): 9. Frag. ustja lonca s stoščastim vratom (Lsv 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,6 x 4,2 x 0,6; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 6807/078-001. 10. Profilirano vretence (Vr 5); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,1 x 2,8; ID: 6807/078-002. Kompleks 7177 (zid I in II): 11. Frag. ustja latvice z bradavico (La 15a); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 6807/077-015. 12. Frag. ustja latvice (La 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: svetlorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,0; ID: 6807/077-017. 13. Frag. ustja latvice (La 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 12,2; ID: 6807/077-016. 14. Frag. dna (d 6); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 9,0; ID: 6807/077-020. 15. Frag. ostenja pekve (Pe 3a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj bledorjava; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 6,5 x 8,7 x 1,4; ID: 6807/077-019. 16. Frag. svitka (S 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: hrapava; barva: rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; stihijsko žgano; vel.= 7,3 x 3,6 x 3,2; ID: 6807/077-021. Tabla 27 Kompleks 7/82 (zid II): 1. Frag. ustja lonca z bradavico (L 5); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,0; ID: 6807/082-001. 2. Frag. ostenja situle (?) s sledmi rdeče barve (C 1d); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlordeča; znotraj rjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 4,8 x 3,3 x 0,7; ID: 6807/082-002. 3. Bikonično vretence (Vr 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,4 x 3,2; ID: 6807/082-003. Kompleks 7/83 (zid II): 4. Frag. ustja lonca s podkvasto nalepko (L 6); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj sivočrna, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,0; ID: 6807/083-063;. 5. Frag. lonec z bradavicama (L 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobno-zrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; Pu= 5,5; Pd= 5,0; v= 16,0; d= 0,7; ID: 6807/083-062; isto kot 6807/084-004. 6. Frag. lonec z bradavicama (L 5); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; Pu= 6,2; Pd= 4,0; v= 16,2; d= 0,8; ID: 6807/083-061; isto kot 6807/084-003. 7. Frag. ustja lonca z okrasom vod. žlebov in niza odtisov (L 29); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlordeča; znotraj rdečkasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,7; ID: 6807/083-001. 8. Frag. ustja lonca (L 25); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rdečkasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,5; ID: 6807/083-002. 9. Frag. ustja lonca (L 19); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,7; ID: 6807/083-003. 10. Frag. latvica z bradavico (La 8); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 12,7; v= 14,6; d= 1,0; ID: 6807/083-064. 11. Frag. ustja latvice (La 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 6807/083-011. 12. Latvica (La 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: hrapava, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj rjava; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; Pu= 7,7; Pd= 5,0; v= 9,5; d= 0,8; ID: 6807/083-065. 13. Frag. pekva (Pe 3a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 17,0; rekon. P= 12,5; v= 11,7; ID: 6807/083-040; morda isto kot 6807/084-006. 14. Frag. pekve (Pe 2a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj siva, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 13,5; ID: 6807/083-015. Tabla 28 Kompleks 7/83 (zid II): 1. Frag. prenosne pečke (Pp 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 17,5; rekon. P= 14,5; rekon. v= 14,7; ID: 6807/083-014; isto kot 6807/084-007 in 6807/085-064. 301 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE 2. Frag. prenosne pečke z bradavicami (Pp 2a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj siva, lisasta; znotraj temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. P= 14,0; ID: 6807/083-058. 3. Frag. prenosne pečke (Pp 1b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. P= 16,0; ID: 6807/083-022; isto kot 6807/084-009. 4. Frag. pekač prenosne pečke (Pp 1c); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 13,0; ID: 6807/083-021; morda isto kot 6807/085-065. 5. Frag. ognjiščne koze (Ok 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: svetlorjava; trda, drob-nozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 14,2 x 8,4 x 5,3; ID: 6807/083-059. 6. Ognjiščna koza z rogovoma v obliki ovnovih glavic in okrasom razčlenjenih reber (Ok 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: svetlorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 23,3 x 15,5 x 6,8; ID: 6807/083060; inv. št. NMSl: P18547. 7. Frag. dna z ostenjem (d 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj svetlorjava, lisasta; znotraj rjava, lisasta; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 5,0; ID: 6807/083-031; isto kot 6807/084-017. 8. Frag. ostenja pithosa z okrasom vod. rebra ter sledmi rdeče in črne barve (Pi 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlordeča; znotraj temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; vel.= 8,6 x 8,8 x 1,3; ID: 6807/083-023. 9. Ročaj pekve z ostenjem (Pe 4b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj rjava, lisasta; znotraj svetlordeča, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 15,4 x 10,2 x 2,5; ID: 6807/083-041. 10. Frag. ročaja pekve (Pe 4c); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: bledorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 13,7 x 4,7 x 3,3; ID: 6807/083-042. 11. Frag. motek (M 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksi-dacijsko žgano; vel.= 6,3 x 9,0 x 1,4; ID: 6807/083-066; isto kot 6807/085-002. 12. Motek (M 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 6,5 x 8,9 x 1,4; ID: 6807/083-067. 13. Piramidalna utež z odtisom (U 2a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: svetlordeča; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 7,0 x 9,7 x 6,8; ID: 6807/083-052. Tabla 29 Kompleks 7/79 (zid II in III): 1. Frag. dna z ostenjem (d 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 7,2; ID: 6807/079-001. Kompleks 7/84 (zid III): 2. Frag. cedila (pos. obl. 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,4 x 4,9 x 1,5; ID: 6807/084-008. Kompleks 7/85 (zid III in latenska plast): 3. Frag. ustja lonca z vod. kaneliranimi rameni (L 33); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj svetlordeča, lisasta; znotraj svetlorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,0; ID: 6807/085-042. 4. Frag. ustja glinenke (G 8); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 6807/085-039. 5. Frag. ustja lonca (L 26); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, porozna; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,5; ID: 6807/085-046. 6. Frag. ustja lonca (L 37a); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: svetlordeča; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,5; ID: 6807/085-040. 7. Frag. ustja latvice (La 15a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 6807/085-050. 8. Frag. ustja pokrova (Po 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,5; ID: 6807/085-014. 9. Frag. ostenja z držajem (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 5,3 x 6,7 x 0,6; ID: 6807/085-011. 10. Frag. prenosne pečke z okrasom vod. razčlenjenega rebra (Pp 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rdečkasta, lisasta; znotraj poršina sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. P= 16,0; ID: 6807/085-001. 11. Frag. dna (d 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rdečkasta, lisasta; znotraj svetlordeča; mehka, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 6,2; ID: 6807/085-018. Kompleks 7/81 (neopredeljeno): 12. Frag. ustja lonca (L 9a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 12,0; ID: 6807/081-020. 13. Frag. ustja lonca (L 16); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj sivočrna, lisasta; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,2; ID: 6807/081-045. 14. Frag. ustja latvice (La 5a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj bledorjava; znotraj rdečkasta; mehka, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 6807/081-022. 15. Frag. prenosne pečke z okrasom vod. razčlenjenega rebra (Pp 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. P= 14,0; ID: 6807/081-026. 16. Frag. ostenja z okrasom poševnih žlebov in vtisov (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlorjava; znotraj siva; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 5,8 x 5,4 x 0,7; ID: 6807/081-027. 17. Ročaj pekve (Pe 4d); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: bledorjava, lisasta; trda, drobno-zrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 16,2 x 4,4 x 3,3; ID: 6807/081-046. 18. Frag. piramidalna utež (U 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,8 x 6,5 x 5,0; ID: 6807/081-050. 19. Frag. motka (M 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: bledorjava; trda, grobozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 8,7 x 4,5 x 1,6; ID: 6807/081-038. 20. Kroglasto vretence (Vr 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlorjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 3,2 x 2,5; ID: 6807/081-051. 21. Bikonično vretence (Vr 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rdečkasta, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,1 x 2,9; ID: 6807/081-052. 22. Bikonično vretence (Vr 2a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rdečkasta, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 4,1 x 3,5; ID: 6807/081-053. 302 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE Kompleks 7-14/14 (neopredeljeno): 23. Stožčasto vretence z vbodom (Vr 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 2,9 x 2,4; ID: 69714/014-008. Tabla 30 Kompleks 3/32 (zid I: plast a): 1. Frag. ustja lonca (L 1a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,7; ID: 6703/032-001. Kompleks 3/33 (zid I: plast a): 2. Frag. ustja z ostenjem lonca (L 1a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 13,2; ID: 6703/033-001. 3. Frag. ustja latvice z bradavico (La 18); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 14,5; ID: 6703/033-002. 4. Frag. dna (d 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rjava; znotraj sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 7,0; ID: 6703/033-004. 5. Frag. noge (n 1a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: a rdečkasta; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pn= 4,5; ID: 6703/033-005. 6. Frag. ostenja z okrasom poševnih kanelur (o 8c); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; vel.= 3,1 x 4,3 x 1,1; ID: 6703/033-003. Kompleks 3/34 (zid I: plast a): 7. Frag. ustja lonca z okrasom vod. žleba (L 14a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rjava, lisasta; znotraj temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,0; ID: 6703/034-001. 8. Latvica (La 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; Pu= 8,0; Pd= 3,5; v= 8,7; d= 1,1; ID: 6703/034-024. 9. Frag. ostenja ciborija s sledmi rdeče barve in črnega grafitnega premaza (C 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: svetlorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; vel.= 5,7 x 5,1 x 0,8; ID: 6703/034-012. 10. Frag. ustja pokrova (Po 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj rdeča, lisasta; znotraj rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 5,0 x 4,4 x 1,0; rekon. Pu= 10,5; ID: 6703/034-011. 11. Frag. vbočenega dna (d 9); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 5,5; ID: 6703/034-017. Kompleks 3/42 (zid I: plast a): 12. Frag. pekve (Pe 2a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj svetlordeča; znotraj svetlor-java; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 12,0; ID: 6703/042-006. 13. Frag. ostenja pithosa z okrasom vod. rebra in sledmi rdeče barve (Pi 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj svetlosiva; znotraj siva; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 4,2 x 5,2 x 1,3; ID: 6703/042-008. Kompleks 3/35 (zid I in zid II: plast a): 14. Frag. noge ciborija s sledmi rdeče barve in črnega grafitnega premaza (C 3); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pn= 7,2; ID: 6703/035-015. Kompleks 3/38 (zid I: plast b in zid II: plast a): 15. Frag. ustja latvice z ušescem (La 9); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 7,7; ID: 6703/038-001. 16. Frag. dna (d 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj bledorjava; znotraj siva, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 7,0; ID: 6703/038-003. Kompleks 3/41 (zid I: plast b in zid II: plast a): 17. Frag. ostenja pithosa z okrasom vod. rebra ter sledmi rdeče in črne barve (Pi 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj svetlordeča; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 3,4 x 5,8 x 0,9; ID: 6703/041-002. 18. Bikonično vretence (Vr 2a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 3,3 x 3,4; ID: 6703/041-003. Tabla 31 Kompleks 3/44 (zid II: plast a): 1. Frag. ustja lonca z bradavico (L 5); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj sivočrna, lisasta; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,2; ID: 6703/044-002. 2. Frag. ustja lonca z okrasom vod. rebra (L 8a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 6703/044-001. Kompleks 3/47 (zid II: plast b): 3. Frag. pithos z vod. nažljebljenim ustjem in okrasom vod. reber ter skromnimi sledmi rdeče barve (Pi 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: a bledorjava; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; Pu= 16,0; rekon. Pd= 10,5; rekon. v= 58,0; d= 1,3; ID: 6703/047-001. 4. Frag. ustja ciborija (C 2a); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; fragment ožgan; rekon. Pu= 12,5; ID: 6703/047-002. Tabla 32 Kompleks 3/47 (zid II: plast b): 1. Frag. ustja z ostenjem lonca (L 1a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: bledorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 13,5; ID: 6703/047-003. 2. Frag. ustja lonca z okrasom vod. razčlenjenega rebra in sledmi črne barve (L 3a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 6,6 x 8,2 x 1,1; ID: 6703/047-029. 3. Frag. ustja latvice z vod. nažlebljenimi rameni (La 20a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 6,5; ID: 6703/047-012. 4. Frag. ostenja ciborija z okrasom vod. rebra in sledmi črnega grafitnega premaza (C 1b); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 7,7 x 7,4 x 0,5; ID: 6703/047-025. 5. Frag. ustja latvice (La 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj temnorjava; trda, finozr-nata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 11,7; ID: 6703/047-017. 303 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE 6. Frag. ustja latvice (La 11); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 6703/047-018. 7. Frag. ustja in ostenja latvice (La 12); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj bledorjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,5; ID: 6703/047-021. 8. Frag. ustja latvice (La 17b); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: svetlordeča; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 7,7; ID: 6703/047-015. 9. Frag. latvica z bradavico (La 18); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; Pu= 7,5; rekon. Pd= 3,0; v= 5,8; d= 0,5; ID: 6703/047-016. 10. Frag. ustja sklede s skromnimi sledmi rdeče barve (Sk 6); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,2; ID: 6703/047-014. 11. Frag. ustja sklede z držajema (Sk 11*); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj svetlordeča, lisasta; znotraj svetlordeča; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,5; ID: 6703/047-013. 12. Frag. dna (d 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlordeča; znotraj sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 5,0; ID: 6703/047-033. 13. Frag. dna (d 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj svetlordeče, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 7,5; ID: 6703/047-034. 14. Frag. motka (M 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 5,2 x 4,9 x 1,2; ID: 6703/047-024. Tabla 33 Kompleks 3/49 (zid II: plast b): 1. Frag. ustja lonca z okrasom vod. žleba (L 31); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj bledorjava; znotraj svetlorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,7; ID: 6703/049-011. 2. Frag. ustja z ostenjem sklede (Sk 6); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva; znotraj siva; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,5; ID: 6703/049-014. 3. Frag. ostenja z okrasom vod. razčlenjenega rebra (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlordeča; znotraj svetlorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; fragment ožgan; vel.= 3,6 x 5,1 x 1,0; ID: 6703/049-025. 4. Frag. ostenja z okrasom vod. razčlenjenega rebra (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; vel.= 7,7 x 8,4 x 1,0; ID: 6703/049-024. 5. Frag. dna (d 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj bledorjava; znotraj temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 9,2; ID: 6703/049-035. 6. Frag. dna (d 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj svetlorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 5,0; ID: 6703/049-042. Kompleks 3/52 (zid II: plast b): 7. Frag. ustja in ostenja lonca s stožčastim vratom (Lsv 1a); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 6703/052-001. Kompleks 3/37 (zid II: plast c): 8. Frag. ustja lonca (L 14a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,7; ID: 6703/037-001. 9. Frag. ostenja pithosa z okrasom vod. rebra (Pi 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: bledorjava; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 9,0 x 8,1 x 1,5; ID: 6703/037-004. Kompleks 3/39 (zid II: plast c): 10. Frag. motka (M 2b*); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlorjava; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 6,7 x 6,2 x 1,6; ID: 6703/039-001. Kompleks 3/50 (zid II: plast c): 11. Bikonično vretence (Vr 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,0 x 3,9; ID: 6703/050-006. Kompleks 3/51 (zid II: plast c): 12. Frag. motka (M 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: bledorjava; trda, grobozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 6,4 x 9,8 x 1,2; ID: 6703/051-002. Kompleks 3/48 (zid III): 13. Frag. ustja latvice z bradavico (La 18); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,5; ID: 6703/048-004. 14. Frag. ostenja ciborija z okrasom vod. rebra in sledmi rdeče barve (C 1c); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj siva; znotraj sivočrna; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 9,0 x 9,1 x 0,9; ID: 6703/048-006. Kompleks 3/53 (zid III): 15. Frag. ustja latvice (La 11b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, porozna; barva: bledorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 9,2; ID: 6703/053-002. Kompleks 3/59 (zid III): 16. Frag. ostenja pithosa z okrasom vod. rebra in sledmi rdeče barve (Pi 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj bledorjava; znotraj siva, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 6,8 x 6,0 x 1,2; ID: 6703/059-003. 17. Kroglasto vretence s stransko predrtino (Vr 1*); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: svetlorjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,8 x 4,4; ID: 6703/059-008. Tabla 34 Kompleks 3/54 (zid III): 1. Frag. ustja lonca (L 24); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,7; ID: 6703/054-004. 2. Frag. ustja pokala (P 2); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj bledorjava; znotraj sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 6703/054-002. 3. Frag. ustja latvice z ušescem (La 16); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: temnorjava; trda, finozr-nata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,0; ID: 6703/054-012. 4. Frag. ustja sklede s podkvasto nalepko (Sk 11); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj 304 6. KATALOG I CATALOGUE svetlordeča; znotraj bledorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 4,1 x 4,4 x 0,7; ID: 6703/054-011. 5. Frag. pekve (Pe 1b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gla-jena; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 14,0; ID: 6703/054-015. 6. Frag. ostenja buče z vod. kaneliranim vratom (B); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,8 x 3,8 x 0,6; ID: 6703/054-022. 7. Profilirano vretence (Vr 5 ); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: bledorjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 3,9 x 3,4; ID: 6703/054-036. Kompleks 3/60 (latenska plast): 8. Frag. ustja lonca (L 13); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 13,8; ID: 6703/060-004. 9. Frag. ustja lonca (L 9b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj siva, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,2; ID: 6703/060-003. 10. Frag. ustja glinenke (G 6*); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 6703/060-001. 11. Frag. ustja lonca (L 41b); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,0; ID: 6703/060-002. 12. Frag. ustja lonca (L 14a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj bledorjava; znotraj svetlordeča; mehka, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,5; ID: 6703/060-005. 13. Frag. ustja latvice (La 15b); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: bledorjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,0; ID: 6703/060A-001. 14. Frag. ostenja sklede z okrasom vod. Žleba in skromnimi sledmi črnega grafitnega premaza (Sk 5); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: siva; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; vel.= 6,0 x 3,6 x 0,5; ID: 6703/060-006. 15. Frag. ročaja skodele s frag. protomoma (Sk 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: temnorja-va; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; vel.= 3,8 x 2,9 x 1,2; ID: 6703/060-009. 16. Frag. ostenja lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 34a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: zunaj siva; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,5 x 5,1 x 0,7; ID: 6703/060-007. 17. Frag. pečke z okrasom vod. Vreza ter niza vtisov in sledmi rdeče barve (Pp 2d*); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rdečkasta; znotraj bledorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 5,6 x 4,8 x 0,9; ID: 6703/060-008. 18. Frag. ročaja pekve (Pe 4a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, grobozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 9,9 x 4,5 x 2,5; ID: 6703/060-010. 19. Frag. piramidalna utež (U 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: rdečkasta, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 5,7 x 7,2 x 3,2; ID: 6703/060-011. Tabla 35 Kompleks 4/1 (zid I: plast a): 1. Frag. ustja lonca z okrasom vod. razčlenjenega rebra (L 3a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 13,5; ID: 67Q4/QQ1-QQ8. 2. Frag. ustja latvice (La ll); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,3; ID: 67Q4/QQ1-QQ7. 3. Frag. skodela z vrezanim okrasom (Sk l); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,1; rekon. Pd=3,Q; rekon. v= 9,7; d= Q,7; ID: 67Q4/QQ1-QQ6. Kompleks 4I3 (zid I: plast a): 4. Frag. ustja latvice (La ll ); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva; znotraj sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,Q; 67Q4/QQ3-QQ5. 5. Frag. ustja latvice z ušescem (La l6b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,2; ID: 67Q4/QQ3-QQ4. 6. Frag. pekve (Pe 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 14,Q; 67Q4/QQ3-QQ8. 7. Frag. ročaj pekve (Pe 4f); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 11,9 x 3,5 x 3,Q; ID: 67Q4/QQ3-Q2Q. Kompleks 4Ió (zid I: plast a): 8. Frag. ustja lonca (L l6); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna, lisasta; znotraj temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 12,Q; ID: 67Q4/QQ6-QQ1. 9. Frag. ustja latvice z držajem (La 7); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna, lisasta; znotraj temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,8; ID: 67Q4/QQ6-Q17. 1Q. Frag. ustja latvice (La ll); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,7; ID: 67Q4/QQ6-Q16. 11. Frag. pekve (Pe 2a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 16,Q; ID: 67Q4/QQ6-Q18. 12. Ročaj pekve (Pe 4f); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 16,3 x 3,9 x 2,7; ID: 67Q4/QQ6-Q38. 13. Frag. ročaj pekve (Pe 4d); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: svetlorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 14,6 x 4,4 x 2,6; ID: 67Q4/QQ6-Q39. 14. Dno (d 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drob-nozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; Pd= 5,5; v= 5,7; d= Q,8; ID: 67Q4/QQ6-Q3Q. 15. Frag. dna (d l); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlorjava; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 6,Q; ID: 67Q4/QQ6-Q31. Tabla 36 Kompleks 4I2 (zid I: plast a): 1. Frag. ročaj pekve z bradavicami (Pe 8c); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 11,Q x 3,7 x 2,6; ID: 67Q4/QQ2-QQ4. Kompleks 4I4 (zid I: plast a): 2. Frag. ustja lonca (L la); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 15,5; ID: 67Q4/QQ4-QQ4. 3Q5 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE 3. Prag. ustja latvice (La 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,5; ID: 6704/004-007. 4. Ročaj pekve (Pe 4f); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 14,3 x 4,2 x 2,8; ID: 6704/004-019. Kompleks 4/10 (zid I: plast b): 5. Prag. ustja lonca z okrasom reber (L 8b*); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 5,2 x 9,1 x 1,0; ID: 6704/010-001. 6. Prag. ustja lonca z okrasom vod. razčlenjenega rebra (L 8a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 4,1 x 5,7 x 1,0; ID: 6704/010-002. Kompleks 4/8 (zid I: plast b): 7. Prag. ustja lonca (L 1b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 5,5; ID: 6704/008-001. Kompleks 4/7 (zid I: plast b): 8. Prag. ustja z ostenjem latvice (La 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,7; ID: 6704/007-007. 9. Prag. pekve (Pe 1c); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlorjava, lisasta; znotraj rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,2; ID: 6704/007-009. Kompleks 4/11 (zid I: plast b): 10. Prag. pekve (Pe 2a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 14,5; ID: 6704/011-005. 11. Ročaj z ostenjem pekve (Pe 4d); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 14,3 x 10,8 x 1,4; ID: 6704/011-032. 12. Prag. dno (d 7); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlorjava; znotraj rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; Pd= 5,5; ID: 6704/011-023. 13. Prag. dna (d 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pd= 5,0; ID: 6704/011-029. Tabla 37 Kompleks 4/22 (zid I: plast b): 1. Prag. ročaj pekve z vod. rebrom (Pe 9); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; stihijsko žgano; vel.= 14,2 x 4,1 x 2,7; ID: 6704/022-004. Kompleks 4/23 (plast I/II): 2. Prag. ustja z ostenjem latvice (La 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,5; ID: 6704/023-001. Kompleks 4/31 (plast I/II): 3. Prag. ostenja z okrasom žlebov in skromnimi sledmi grafitnega premaza (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj svetlordeča; trda, finozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; vel.= 5,1 x 4,2 x 0,8; ID: 6704/031-001. Kompleks 4/12 (plast I/II): 4. Prag. pekve (Pe 2a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 17,5; ID: 6704/012-008. 5. Prag. ustja latvice (La 11); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,2; ID: 6704/012-047. 6. Prag. ustja latvice (La 15a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,0; ID: 6704/012-046. 7. Prag. ostenja z okrasom vod. žleba in koleščkanim (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 5,6 x 3,8 x 0,7; ID: 6704/012-054. 8. Prag. dna (d 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj rjava; znotraj sivočrna, lisasta; trda, grobozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 7,0; ID: 6704/012-063. 9. Prag. dna (d 8); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 7,7; ID: 6704/012-062. 10. Prag. dno z ostenjem (d 13); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 4,0; v= 5,1; d= 0,6; ID: 6704/012-073. 11. Prag. ognjiščne koze (Ok 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 7,0 x 5,1 x 3,0; ID: 6704/012-106. Kompleks 4/14 (zid II): 12. Prag. ustja ročke (Ro 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: svetlorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 4,6 x 5,0 x 0,8; ID: 6704/014-002. 13. Prag. dna z ostenjem (d 9); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 5,5; ID: 6704/014-009. 14. Bikonično vretence (Vr 2a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,1 x 3,5; ID: 6704/014-013. Tabla 38 Kompleks 4/25 (zid II): 1. Prag. pekva (Pe 3a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 15,7; rekon. P 12,0; rekon. v= 12,5; ID: 6704/025-001; isto kot ID: 6704/025-002. Kompleks 4/29 (zid II): 2. Pekva z vod. razčlenjenim rebrom na ročaju, (Pe 7); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; Pu= 14,5; P= 9,0; v= 12,0; d= 1,1,5; ID: 6704/029-001. Kompleks 4/18 (neopredeljeno): 3. Prag. ustja z ostenjem sklede (Sk 12); izdelano na vretenu; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 10,5; ID: 6704/018-012. 4. Prag. ostenja grafitnega lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 36); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; mehka, 306 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,3 x 5,7 x 0,6; ID: 6704/018-015. 5. Frag. ostenja z vdrto bradavico (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; vel.= 6,1 x 3,2 x 0,9; ID: 6704/018-017. 6. Sodčasto vretence (Vr 4 ); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 2,8 x 2,1; ID: 6704/018-043. Kompleks 4/20 (zid I: nasip): 7. Frag. noge (n 1b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: hrapava; barva: siva; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pn= 6,7; ID: 6704/020-002. Kompleks 4/79 (zid I: nasip): 8. Frag. ostenja z okrasom žlebov in bradavico (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva; znotraj sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,1 x 3,9 x 0,5; ID: 6904b/079-006. Kompleks 80 (latenski tlak 1): 9. Frag. ostenja z nalepljeno svastike (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna, lisasta; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; vel.= 8,4 x 10,9 x 1,1; ID: 6904b/080-003. Tabla 39 Kompleks 13/79 (zid I): 1. Frag. ustja buče z vod. kaneliranim vratom (B); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; mehka, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,0; ID: 6913/079-002. 2. Frag. ostenja in dna lonca z vrezanim in koleščkanim okrasom (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pd= 5,5; ID: 6913/079-003; isto kot 6913/094-002. Kompleks 13/88 (zid I): 3. Latvica (La 11); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; Pu= 10,7; Pd= 4,0; v= 7,8; d= 0,8; ID: 6913/088-002. 4. Frag. ustja z ostenjem latvice (La 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,5; ID: 6913/088-001. Kompleks 13/78 (zid I): 5. Frag. ročaja pekve (Pe 4c); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; stihijsko žgano; vel.= 12,7 x 4,1 x 3,3; ID: 6913/078-003. Kompleks 13/87 (zid I): 6. Frag. ustja lonca z vrezi (L 7c); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 2,9 x 2,2 x 0,6; ID: 6913/087-001. Kompleks 13/68 (plast I/II): 7. Frag. ustja lonca (L 25); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlordeča; znotraj rdečkasta, lisasta; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 11,7; ID: 6913/068-001. Kompleks 13/73 (plast I/II): 8. Frag. ustja latvice (La 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 6913/073-001. Kompleks 13/74 (plast I/II): 9. Frag. ustja lonca (L 1a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj svetlorjava, lisasta; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 6913/074-001. Kompleks 13/51 (plast I/II): 10. Pekva (Pe 3a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; Pu= 13,2; P= 7,2; v= 7,7; d= 1,0; ID: 6913/051-001. Kompleks 13/76 (plast I/II): 11. Frag. ustja latvice (La 12); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,7; ID: 6913/076-001. 12. Frag. dna (d 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrna-ta faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; Pd= 9,0; ID: 6913/076-010. 13. Frag. piramidalna utež z odtisom (U 2a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlorjava, lisasta; trda, drob-nozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 5,2 x 5,4 x 5,8; ID: 6913/076-012. Tabla 40 Kompleks 13/50 (plast I/II): 1. Frag. ustja lonca (L 23); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlosiva; znotraj siva; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 14,8; ID: 6913/050-063. 2. Frag. ustja latvice (La 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlordeča, lisasta; znotraj siva, lisasta; mehka, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,0; ID: 6913/050-087. 3. Frag. ustja lonca s stožčastim vratom (Lsv 1b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rdečkasta; znotraj rjava; mehka, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 11,0; ID: 6913/050-072. 4. Frag. ustja latvice (La 11); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: rdečkasta; mehka, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,5; ID: 6913/050-016. 5. Frag. ustja in ostenja lonca s stožčastim vratom in okrasom poševnih kanelur, nizi vtisov ter rogom (Lsv 2); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,6; ID: 6913/050-057. 6. Frag. ostenja lonca z okrasom vod. reber in nizov vtisov (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj svetlorjava; znotraj siva, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 10,0 x 7,3 x 1,1; ID: 6913/050-028. 7. Frag. ostenja lonca s stožčastim vratom in okrasom žlebov (o); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj svetlordeča; znotraj siva; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 11,3 x 6,1 x 0,8; ID: 6913/050-024. 8. Frag. ostenja lonca z žlebljenimi okrasom in bradavico (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva, lisasta; znotraj svetlordeča; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 5,6 x 5,5 x 1,1; ID: 6913/050-038; morda isto kot 6913/050-039. 307 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE 9. Frag. dno (d 10); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva; znotraj bledorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; Pd= 10,1; ID: 6913/050-042. 10. Frag. dna (d 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj siva; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 10,2; ID: 6913/050-044. 11. Frag. dna (d 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: zunaj bledorjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 5,7; ID: 6913/050-043. 12. Frag. dna (d 8); prostoročne izdelave; površina: hrapava; barva: siva; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 5,2; ID: 6913/050-062. 13. Prstanasto dno z ostenjem (d 12b); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; Pd= 3,5; v= 4,4; d= 0,7; ID: 6913/050-058. 14. Frag. prstanasto dno (d 12b); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: rdečkasta, lisasta; mehka, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; Pd= 3,7; v= 2,9; d= 0,5; ID: 6913/050-052. 15. Frag. noga (n 1b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; Pn= 4,0; v= 4,4; d= 0,7; ID: 6913/050-053. 16. Frag. noge (n 1a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: hrapava; barva: siva, lisasta; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pn= 10,0; ID: 6913/050-034. 17. Frag. ročaja skodele (Sk 2a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 6,0 x 5,3 x 0,6; ID: 6913/050-054. 18. Profilirano vretence (Vr 5); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 4,3 x 2,6; ID: 6913/050-098. Tabla 41 Kompleks 13/41 (zid II): 1. Frag. ustja latvice s skromnimi sledmi rdeče barve (La 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj sivočrna, lisasta; znotraj rjava; zelo trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 13,2; ID: 6913/041-012. 2. Frag. ostenja latvice z okrasom vod. razčlenjenjenega rebra (La 8); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 6,5 x 4,9 x 0,8; ID: 6913/041-019. 3. Frag. ročaja pekve z bradavico (Pe 8a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: svetlordeča, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 9,5 x 5,0 x 2,4; ID: 6913/041-026. 4. Frag. pekva z razčlenjenimi rebri in odtisi (Pe 7*); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj svetlorjava, lisasta; znotraj temnorjava, lisasta; trda, grobozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 12,0; rekon. P= 9,2; rekon. v= 9,0; ID: 6913/041-025 in 6913/041-002; isto kot 6913/052-001 in 6912/066-004. 5. Bikonično vretence (Vr 2a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,2 x 3,2; ID: 6913/041-030. Kompleks 13/43 (zid II): 6. Frag. ostenja lonca z okrasom reber in žlebov (o); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna, lisasta; znotraj siva, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 7,3 x 4,6 x 0,7; ID: 6913/043-002; isto kot 6913/023-005 in 6913/034-004; morda isto kot 6913/033-005, 6913/060-003 in 6913/062-003. Kompleks 13/39 (zid II): 7. Frag. ustja glinenke (G 6); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,7; ID: 6913/039-001. 8. Profilirano vretence (Vr 5 ); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,0 x 2,5; ID: 6913/039-018. Kompleks 13/46 (zid II): 9. Frag. ustja latvice z ušescem (La 9); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: siva; mehka, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 6913/046-001. Kompleks 13/40 (zid II): 10. Frag. ostenja latvice z okrasom rebra (La 8); prostoročne izdelave; površina: hrapava; barva: zunaj sivočrna, lisasta; znotraj siva; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 7,1 x 8,4 x 0,8; ID: 6913/040-002. Kompleks 13/49 (zid II): 11. Svitek (S 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: hrapava; barva: svetlordeča, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 12,3 x 4,5 x 4,4; ID: 6913/049-001. 12. Frag. svitek (S 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 11,6 x 4,8 x 4,8; ID: 6913/049-002. Tabla 42 Kompleks 13/10 (zid III): 1. Frag. ostenja z okrasom rebra (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: svetlordeča; trda, drob-nozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 5,4 x 4,1 x 0,6; ID: 6913/010-005. Kompleks 13/13 (zid III): 2. Bikonično vretence (Vr 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 2,4 x 2,1; ID: 6913/013-006. Kompleks 13/12 (zid III): 3. Bikonično vretence z vrezanim okrasom (Vr 2a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,0 x 2,5; ID: 6913/012-008. 4. Profilirano vretence (Vr 5); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,5 x 2,9; ID: 6913/012-009. 5. Bikonično vretence (Vr 2a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 2,8 x 2,6; ID: 6913/012-010. 6. Profilirano vretence (Vr 5 ); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,1 x 2,6; ID: 6913/012-011. Kompleks 13/15 (zid III): 7. Frag. ostenja s koleščkanim okrasom in vod. žlebovoma (o); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 15,5 x 6,5 x 1,0; ID: 6913/015-007. 308 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE Kompleks 13/18 (zid III): 8. Prag. ostenja z žigosanim okrasom (o); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,8 x 2,9 x 0,7; ID: 6913/018-006. Kompleks 13/19 (zid III): 9. Prag. ustja lonca (L 28); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,5; ID: 6913/019-001. 10. Prag. vrat prenosne pečke z vrezi in okrasom rebra (Pp 2d); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlorjava, lisasta; trda, grobozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 5,0 x 4,2 x 1,4; ID: 6913/019-004. Kompleks 13/23 (zid III): 11. Prag. ustja latvice (La 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rdečkasta; znotraj siva; mehka, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 13,5; ID: 6913/023-001. 12. Prag. ostenja pekve z okrasom vod. razčlenjenega rebra (Pe 5b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj siva, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna, lisasta; trda, grobozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 9,0 x 8,5 x 1,2; ID: 6913/023-004. 13. Prag. svitka (S 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: hrapava; barva: svetlordeča, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 11,7 x 4,5 x 4,0; ID: 6913/023-009. Kompleks 13/24 (zid III): 14. Prag. ustja lonca (L 1a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj rjava, lisasta; znotraj temnorjava, lisasta; trda, grobozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 13,7; ID: 6913/024-001. Kompleks 13/26 (zid III): 15. Prag. dna (d 7); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rdečkasta; znotraj siva; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 3,0; ID: 6913/026-004. Kompleks 13/25 (zid III): 16. Prag. pekve (Pe 1a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj rjava; znotraj svetlorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 14,7; ID: 6913/025-001. Kompleks 13/28 (zid III): 17. Prag. ustja lonca z bradavico (L 11); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj bledorjava, lisasta; znotraj svetlorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,0; ID: 6913/028-001. Kompleks 13/30 (zid III): 18. Prag. ustja latvice (La 11); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 6913/030-005. 19. Prag. ostenja z žlebljenim okrasom (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; vel.= 3,3 x 3,6 x 1,1; ID: 6913/030-006. 20. Prag. ustja pokrova (Po 5); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rdečkasta, lisasta; znotraj siva; mehka, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,2 x 2,4 x 0,7; ID: 6913/030-004. Kompleks 13/32 (zid III): 21. Prag. ustja latvice (La 11); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlordeča, lisasta; znotraj temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,7; ID: 6913/032-001. Kompleks 13/33 (zid III): 22. Prag. ustja latvice z okrasom rebra (La 8); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: rjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; vel.= 4,6 x 2,5 x 0,8; ID: 6913/033-002. 23. Prag. vbočeno dno (d 15); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj rjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; Pd= 4,0; ID: 6913/033-010. Tabla 43 Kompleks 13/7 (zid III in latenska plast): 1. Prag. ustja lonca (L 25a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,5; ID: 6913/007-001. 2. Prag. ostenja pithosa z okrasom vod. reber ter sledmi črne in rdeče barve (Pi 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: zunaj svetlordeča; znotraj temnorjava; mehka, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 5,0 x 5,0 x 1,1; ID: 6913/007-006. 3. Kroglasto vretence (Vr 1 ); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,3 x 2,5; ID: 6913/007-021. Kompleks 13/5 (latenska plast): 4. Prag. ustja sklede z okrasom vod. žlebov(Sk *); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 13,5; ID: 6913/005-002. 5. Prag. ustja glinenke (G 5); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 5,0; ID: 6913/005-001. 6. Diskasto vretence z vrezanim okrasom (Vr 6 ); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,7 x 2,0 x 1,7; ID: 6913/005-010. Kompleks 13/8 (latenska plast): 7. Prag. ustja pokala (P 1); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 8,7; ID: 6913/008-002. 8. Prag. ustja glinenke (G 5); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 5,2; ID: 6913/008-001. Kompleks 13/6 (latenska plast): 9. Prag. ustja glinenke (G 9); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 11,5; ID: 6913/006-001. Kompleks 13/3 (latenska plast): 10. Prag. ustja glinenke (G 5); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: bledorjava; mehka, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,0; ID: 6913/003-002. 11. Prag. ustja pokala (P 2); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 9,5; ID: 6913/003-001. Kompleks 13/103 (neopredeljeno): 12. Prag. ustja lonca (L 25a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna, lisasta; znotraj rjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,7; ID: 6913/103-004. 309 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE 13. Frag. prstanastega dna z ostenjem (d 22); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: rdečkasta; mehka, zelo finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 6,0; ID: 6913/103-014. 14. Frag. ročaja pekve (Pe 4d); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 9,4 x 4,9 x 2,6; ID: 6913/103-010. Kompleks 13/1 (neopredeljeno): 15. Frag. ustja lonca (L 12); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 6913/001-009. 16. Frag. ustja glinenke (G 5); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj sive; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 7,0; ID: 6913/001-001. 17. Frag. ustja lonca (L 36a*); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura z drobci grafita; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,0; ID: 6913/001-007. 18. Frag. ostenja grafitnega lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 36); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,2 x 2,4 x 0,5; ID: 6913/001-016. 19. Frag. bikoničnega vretenca (Vr 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sive; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 2,2 x 2,1 x 1,2; ID: 6913/001-031. Kompleks 13/92 (neopredeljeno): 20. Frag. ostenja z okrasom žlebov (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlorjava; znotraj bledorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; vel.= 3,2 x 3,6 x 0,7; ID: 6913/092-002. Tabla 44 Kompleks 13/S27 (zid I): 1. Dno lonca (d 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj svetlordeča, lisasta; znotraj rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; Pd= 5,5; v=3,0; d= 0,8; ID: 6913/S27-002. Kompleks 13/S16 (plast I/II): 2. Frag. ostenja pithosa z bradavico (Pi 1b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rdečkasta; znotraj siva; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 9,1 x 8,4 x 1,2; ID: 6913/S16-001. Kompleks 13/S19 (plast I/II): 3. Frag. ustja lonca (L 17a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva, lisasta; znotraj bledorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,5; ID: 6913/S19-001. Kompleks 13/S18 (zid II): 4. Frag. ustja sklede (Sk 8); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 6913/S18-001. Kompleks 13/S22 (zid II): 5. Frag. ustja lonca z bradavico (L 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlorjava; znotraj rdečkasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,5; ID: 6913/S22-001. 6. Frag. ustja latvice z držajem (La 7); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 11,2; ID: 6913/S22-002. Kompleks 13/S13 (zid III): 7. Frag. ustja lonca z okrasom niza odtisov in bradavico (L 12); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 6913/S13-001. 8. Frag. ustja latvice z vrezanim okrasom (La 21a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva, lisasta; znotraj rjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,5; ID: 6913/S13-003. Kompleks 13/S7 (zid III in latenska plast): 9. Frag. ustja lonca (L 22a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 4,6; ID: 6913/S07-001. Kompleks 13/S8 (latenska plast): 10. Vbočeno dno z ostenjem glinenke (d 20); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; Pd= 3,5; v= 7,1; d= 0,4; ID: 6913/S08-001. Kompleks 13/S5 (latenska plast): 11. Frag. ustja lonca (L 8a*); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozr-nata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 5,5; ID: 6913/S05-001. 12. Frag. ostenja sklede z okrasom žlebov in odtisom na dnu(Sk 4a*); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: siva; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 2,5; ID: 6913/S05-005, 6913/S05-004. Tabla 45 Kompleks 12/85 (zid I: plast a): 1. Frag. latvica (La 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,0; rekon. Pd= 5,5; v= 8,4; d= 0,8; ID: 6912/085-020. 2. Latvica s frag. nogo (La 11*); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; Pu= 12,0; Pd= 5,5; v= 8,0; d= 0,8; ID: 6912/085-011, 6912/066-012 in 6912/070-020; isto kot 6912/086-001. 3. Frag. ustja lonca s stožčastim vratom (Lsv 1a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 10,5; ID: 6912/085-001; isto kot 6912/090002 in 6912/102-014. 4. Stožčasto vretence ( Vr 3 ); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,8 x 3,6; ID: 6912/085-018. 5. Sodčasto vretence (Vr 4 ); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,4 x 3,5; ID: 6912/085-019. Kompleks 12/86 (zid I: plast a): 6. Frag. noge latvice (La 11*); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pn= 9,0; ID: 6912/086-001; isto kot 6912/085-011. Kompleks 12/91 (zid I: plast a): 7. Frag. dna z ostenjem lonca (d 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlorjava, lisasta; znotraj temnor- 310 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE java; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 4,7; ID: 6912/091-003. Kompleks 12/92 (zid I: plast a): 8. Frag. ustja latvice (La 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj siva; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,7; ID: 6912/092-001. Kompleks 94 (zid I: plast a): 9. Frag. ustja latvice (La 12); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,7; ID: 6912/094-001. 10. Frag. dno (d 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; Pd= 4,4; ID: 6912/094-010. Kompleks ¡2/95 (zid I: plast a): 11. Frag. ustja lonca z vrezanim okrasom (L 30); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,8; ID: 6912/095-001. 12. Frag. ustja skodele z ročajem (Sk 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,8 x 12,2 x 0,5; ID: 6912/095-010. Kompleks ¡2/93 (zid I): 13. Frag. ostenja sklede s sledmi rdeče barve (Sk 9); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: svetlorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 5,1 x 3,6 x 0,4; ID: 6912/093-001. 14. Frag. dna (d 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: siva; mehka, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 6,0; ID: 6912/093-003. Tabla 46 Kompleks ¡2/66 (zid I: plast b): 1. Frag. ustja lonca (L 18b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,2; ID: 6912/066-001. 2. Frag. ustja latvice (La 12); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj rjava; znotraj temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,0; ID: 6912/066-005. Kompleks ¡2/67 (zid I: plast b): 3. Frag. ustja in ostenja lonca z okrasom vod. razčlenjenega rebra (L 3a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 6912/067-001; isto kot 6912/067-002. Kompleks ¡2/57 (zid I: plast b): 4. Frag. ustja lonca (L 8a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,2; ID: 6912/057-001. Kompleks ¡2/65 (zid I): 5. Frag. ustja in ostenja lonca z okrasom vod. razčlenjenega rebra (L 3b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj bledorjava; znotraj svetlorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 6912/065-012; isto kot 6912/067-003. 6. Frag. ustja latvice (La 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 6912/065-001. 7. Frag. pekve (Pe 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 13,9; ID: 6912/065-006. 8. Frag. dna (d 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj bledorjava; znotraj rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 9,7 x 6,7 x 0,8; rekon. Pd= 5,0; ID: 6912/065-013. Kompleks ¡2/70 (zid I: plast b in plast I/II): 9. Frag. pekve z okrasom vod. razčlenjenega rebra (Pe 5a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: glajena; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 14,0; ID: 6912/070-012. 10. Frag. ustja latvice (La 11); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,9; ID: 6912/070-001. Kompleks ¡2/77 (zid I: plast b in plast I/II): 11. Frag. pekva (Pe 3b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, grobozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; Pu= 19,7; P= 14,5; v= 15; d=1,2; ID: 6912/077-009. 12. Frag. dna (d 7); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj siva, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 3,6; ID: 6912/077-007. Tabla 47 Kompleks ¡2/75 (zid I in plast I/II): 1. Latvica z držajem in s sledmi črne barve (La 9*); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj siva; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; Pu= 10,0; Pd= 3,8; v= 9,5; d= 0,7; ID: 6912/075-002. 2. Latvica (La 11); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj siva; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; Pu= 10,0; Pd= 4,5; v= 8,2; d= 0,7; ID: 6912/075-001. Kompleks ¡2/58 (zid I in plast I/II): 3. Frag. pekve (Pe 2a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj rjava; znotraj svetlordeča; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 15,3; ID: 6912/058-001. 4. Frag. ročaja pekve (Pe 4c); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; stihijsko žgano; vel.= 9,5 x 4,1 x 3,2; ID: 6912/058-014. Kompleks ¡2/59 (plast I/II): 5. Frag. ostenja pekve s frag. ročajem (Pe 3c); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. P= 8,6; ID: 6912/059-004; isto kot 6912/058-013. Kompleks ¡2/46 (plast I/II): 6. Frag. ročaja pekve (Pe 4e); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: svetlorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 7,9 x 4,7 x 2,7; ID: 6912/046-006. Kompleks ¡2/48 (plast I/II): 7. Frag. pekve (Pe 1a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 14,0; ID: 6912/048-001; isto kot 6912/075-008. in 6912/087-002. 8. Frag. ustja latvice (La 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj sivočrna; 311 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,2; ID: 6912/048-003. Kompleks 12/49 (plast I/II): 9. Frag. dna (d 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pd=7,0; ID: 6912/049-008. Kompleks 12/71 (plast I/II): 10. Frag. ostenja z okrasom vod. rebra in žlebov (o); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva, lisasta; znotraj svetlordeča; mehka, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,1 x 4,4 x 0,6; ID: 6912/071-003. Kompleks 12/78 (plast I/II): 11. Frag. ročaja pekve (Pe 4e); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; stihijsko žgano; vel.= 10,7 x 3,9 x 2,7; ID: 6912/078-005. Kompleks 12/82 (plast I/II): 12. Frag. ustja latvice (La 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,3; ID: 6912/082-001. 13. Frag. ročaja skodele (Sk 2a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: svetlordeča; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; vel.= 3,4 x 2,2 x 1,3; ID: 6912/082-002. Kompleks 12/74 (plast I/II): 14. Frag. ustja lonca (L 19); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlosiva; znotraj siva; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,3; ID: 6912/074-001. Kompleks 12/81 (plast I/II): 15. Frag. ustja sklede s poševno kaneliranimi rameni (Sk 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva, lisasta; znotraj rdečkasta; mehka, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,5; ID: 6912/081-001. 16. Bikonično vretence (Vr 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 2,5 x 2,3; ID: 6912/081-003. Tabla 48 Kompleks 12/37 (zid II): 1. Frag. ustja latvice (La 11b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,7; ID: 6912/037-001. Kompleks 12/33 (zid II): 2. Frag. ustja lonca (L 1a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, finozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 14,0; ID: 6912/033-001. Kompleks 12/38 (zid II): 3. Frag. ustja latvice (La 11); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,7; ID: 6912/038-001. Kompleks 12/51 (zid II): 4. Frag. ustja lonca (L 22b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva, lisasta; znotraj rdečkasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 5,8; ID: 6912/051-001. Kompleks 12/56 (zid II): 5. Profilirano vretence (Vr 5); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: bledorjava; mehka, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 4,0 x 3,4; ID: 6912/056-001. Kompleks 12/63 (zid II): 6. Frag. dna (d 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 6,7; ID: 6912/063-001. Kompleks 12/79 (zid II): 7. Frag. ostenja pekve ((Pe 3c); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlosiva, lisasta; znotraj bledorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. P= 13,2; ID: 6912/079-002. 8. Frag. dna ((d 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj bledorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pd= 5,0; ID: 6912/079-001. Kompleks 12/10 (zid III): 9. Frag. ustja z ostenjem sklede ((Sk 7); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rjava, lisasta; znotraj siva; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,4; ID: 6912/010-001. 10. Frag. dna ((d 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlorjava; znotraj siva; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 6,8; ID: 6912/010-012. 11. Frag. dna ((d 10); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj sivočrna, lisasta; znotraj temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pd= 4,7; ID: 6912/010-011. 12. Frag. dna ((d 7); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 3,4; ID: 6912/010-013. Kompleks 12/45 (zid III): 13. Frag. ustja in ostenja lonca z okrasom vod. žleba in nizom odtisov ((L 29); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,9; ID: 6912/045-001. 14. Frag. ročaj pekve ((Pe 4e); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 15,0 x 5,2 x 2,6; ID: 6912/045-003. 15. Frag. dna z okrasom žlebov in vtisi ((d 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj bledorjava, lisasta; znotraj svetlorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; Pd= 6,0; ID: 6912/045-002; isto kot 6912/032-005. Kompleks 12/11 (zid III): 16. Frag. ustja lonca ((L 22a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj bledorjava, lisasta; znotraj siva; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,5; ID: 6912/011-001. 17. Bikonično vretence ((Vr 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,0 x 2,5; ID: 6912/011-003. Kompleks 12/23 (zid III): 18. Frag. ostenja lonca z okrasom vod. žlebov in niza vtisov ((L 29); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,3 x 3,8 x 0,6; ID: 6912/023-004. 19. Frag. dna ((d 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 9,5; ID: 6912/023-006. 312 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE Kompleks 12/21 (zid III): 20. Frag. ustja lonca ((L 27); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,9; ID: 6912/021-002. 21. Frag. ustja z izlivom ((Ro 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj svetlorjave, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; vel.= 6,0 x 5,8 x 0,8; ID: 6912/021-001. Tabla 49 Kompleks 12/28 (zid III): 1. Frag. ustja latvice ((La 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,3; ID: 6912/028-001. Kompleks 12/32 (zid III): 2. Frag. ustja lonca ((L 16); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj svetlorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,3; ID: 6912/032-001. Kompleks 12/31 (zid III): 3. Frag. ustja z ostenjem lonca ((L 11); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,0; ID: 6912/031-001. Kompleks 9 (zid III in latenska plast): 4. Frag. ustja lonca ((L 1a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj siva; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,3; ID: 6912/009-001; isto kot 6912/014-002. 5. Frag. ustja lonca ((L 14a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,8; ID: 6912/009-002. 6. Frag. ostenja z okrasom rebra (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,3 x 5,1 x 0,6; ID: 6912/009-005. 7. Frag. ostenja pekve z okrasom vod. rebra ((Pe 6); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj bledorjava; znotraj svetlordeča; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 6,1 x 5,2 x 1,2; ID: 6912/009-006. Kompleks 12/12 (zid III in latenska plast): 8. Frag. ostenja grafitnega lonca z glavničenim okrasom in vod. rebrom ((L 36a); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 5,0 x 4,0 x 0,9; ID: 6912/012-001. Kompleks 12/13 (zid III in latenska plast): 9. Frag. dna ((d 19); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pd= 4,4; ID: 6912/013-002. Kompleks 12/14 (zid III in latenska plast): 10. Frag. ciborija z nagubanim ostenjem, okrasom vod. ka-nelur in rebra ter skromnimi sledmi rdeče barve (C 4); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: svetlorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 10,1 x 7,6 x 0,9; ID: 6912/014-005. Kompleks 12/16 (zid III in latenska plast): 11. Frag. ustja z ostenjem lonca (L 17b; prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj svetlorjava, lisasta; trda, grobozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,0; ID: 6912/016-001. Kompleks 12/17 (zid III in latenska plast): 12. Frag. sodčastega vretenca (Vr 4 ); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 2,3 x 2,8 x 1,2; ID: 6912/017-009. Kompleks 12/3 (latenska plast): 13. Frag. ostenja lonca z okrasom vod. žlebov (L 32); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 5,1 x 4,8 x 0,8; ID: 6912/003-009. Kompleks 12/4 (latenska plast): 14. Frag. ustja lonca (L 42); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,0; ID: 6912/004-001. 15. Frag. ostenja lonca z metličenim okrasom (L 35b); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 4,9 x 5,8 x 0,9; ID: 6912/004-010. 16. Frag. dno z ostenjem (d 18); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; Pd= 5,7; ID: 6912/004-016. Kompleks 12/5 (latenska plast): 17. Črepinjska utež (Vr 7a); oblikovana iz frag. na vretenu izdelane grafitne posode; površina: gladka; barva: siva; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,3 x 1,3; ID: 6912/005-001. Kompleks 12/6 (latenska plast): 18. Frag. ostenja z okrasom nizov vtisov (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; vel.= 2,1 x 3,2 x 0,6; ID: 6912/006-003. Kompleks 12/7 (latenska plast): 19. Frag. ustja z ostenjem lonca (L 21); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,0; ID: 6912/007-001. 20. Frag. ostenja z okrasom razčlenjenega rebra(o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj rjava, lisasta; znotraj svetlorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 2,9 x 4,2 x 0,7; ID: 6912/007-004. Tabla 50 Kompleks 12/8 (latenska plast): 1. Frag. ustja lonca (L 18a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva; znotraj svetlorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,9; ID: 6912/008-001. 2. Frag. ustja glinenke (G 9); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; rekon. Pu= 13,0; ID: 6912/008-002. 3. Frag. ustja pokala (P 1); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 7,8; ID: 6912/008-003. 313 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE Kompleks 12/102 (neopredeljeno): 4. Frag. lonec (L 1*); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano; Pu= 9,0; Pd= 6,2; v= 23,0; d= 0,9; ID: 6912/102-018. 5. Frag. ustja lonca (L 14a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlordeča, lisasta; znotraj siva; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,5; ID: 6912/102-009. 6. Frag. ustja lonca (L 18b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj svetlorjava; znotraj siva; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,5; ID: 6912/102-012. 7. Frag. ustja sklede (Sk *); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva; znotraj svetlosiva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,0; ID: 6912/102-011. 8. Frag. ostenja pekve z okrasom vod. razčlenjenega rebra (Pe 5b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 5,8 x 5,4 x 0,9; ID: 6912/102-004. 9. Piramidalna utež (U 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlorjava, lisasta; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 5,8 x 5,1 x 6,5; ID: 6912/102-005. 10. Frag. svitka (S 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: hrapava; barva: svetlordeča; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; stihijsko žgano; vel.= 9,2 x 3,9 x 3,4; ID: 6912/102-006. Kompleks 12/1 (neopredeljeno): 11. Frag. ustja glinenke (G 10); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva; znotraj svetlorjava; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,0; ID: 6912/001-001. 12. Frag. ostenja z žigosanim okrasom (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; vel.= 3,2 x 2,5 x 0,8; ID: 6912/001-011. 13. Bikonično vretence (Vr 2a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sive, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,1 x 3,3; ID: 6912/001-030. Kompleks 12/2 (neopredeljeno): 14. Frag. ustja lonca (L 42); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,0; ID: 6912/002-001. 15. Frag. ostenja z okrasom vod. vreza in (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 2,9 x 3,7 x 0,9; ID: 6912/002-008. 16. Frag. ostenja lonca z žigosanim okrasom (o 14); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 2,6 x 3,4 x 0,4; ID: 6912/002-009. 17. Frag. motka (M 2a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: bledorjava; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksi-dacijsko žgano; vel.= 6,4 x 5,7 x 1,4; ID: 6912/002-027. Tabla 51 Kompleks 6/25 (zid I: plast a): 1. Frag. ustja latvice z vod. fasetiranimi rameni (La 22b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,5; ID: 6806/025-001. 2. Frag. ročaja pekve (Pe 4f); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 7,1 x 4,7 x 2,5; ID: 6806/025-022. Kompleks 6/63 (zid I: plast a): 3. Frag. ustja lonca z okrasom niza odtisov (L 7a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rjava; znotraj svetlosiva; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,7; ID: 6806/063-001. 4. Frag. ustja in frag. ostenja skodele (Sk 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,5; ID: 6806/063-002. 5. Frag. čep pokrova (Po 4b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj rjava; znotraj svetlorjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,1 x 3,3 x 0,6; ID: 6806/063-023. 6. Frag. dna z ostenjem lonca (d 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlorjava, lisasta; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pd= 6,0; ID: 6806/063-018. 7. Frag. dna (d 8); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 4,5; ID: 6806/063-021. Kompleks 6/54 (zid I: plast a): 8. Frag. skodela s frag. ročajem (Sk 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,2; rekon Pd= 5,2; rekon. v= 9,2; d= 0,6; ID: 6806/054-001; isto kot 6806/055-006 in 6806/063-003. 9. Frag. ustja in frag. ostenja skodele z okrasom žlebov (Sk 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,5; ID: 6806/054-002; morda isto kot 6806/055-007. 10. Frag. pekve z okrasom vod. razčlenjenega rebra (Pe 5b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj svetlordeča, lisasta; znotraj svetlorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 14,0; ID: 6806/054-012. 11. Frag. dna z ostenjem lonca (d 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj svetlorjava, lisasta; znotraj rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 6,0; ID: 6806/054-031. 12. Stožčasto vretence (Vr 3 ); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,4 x 2,6; ID: 6806/054-041. Kompleks 6/24 (zid I: plast b): 13. Frag. ustja lonca (L 25); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlorjava; znotraj siva, lisasta; mehka, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,5; ID: 6806/024-001. Kompleks 6/55 (zid I: plast b): 14. Frag. ustja z ostenjem lonca (L 25a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 4,2; ID: 6806/055-001; isto kot 6806/063-015. 15. Frag. ostenja s podkvasto nalepko (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 3,7 x 3,3 x 1,0; ID: 6806/055-009. Tabla 52 Kompleks 6/59 (zid I: plast b): 1. Frag. lonec z bradavico (L 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,2; rekon. Pd= 4,7; v= 12,8; d= 1,0; ID: 6806/059-004. 2. Latvica z držajem (La 7); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; Pu= 8,5; Pd= 3,5; v= 9,5; d= 0,6; ID: 6806/059-001. 314 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE 3. Frag. ustja latvice (La S); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,5; ID: 6806/059-002. 4. Frag. ostenja pekve z ročajem (Pe 4d); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 18,2 x 9,2 x 1,2; ID: 6806/059-016. Kompleks ó/4l (zid I): 5. Frag. dna (d 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlorjava; znotraj svetlordeča; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 7,5; ID: 6806/047-005. 6. Frag. ostenja z okrasom vtisov in vod. žlebovi (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,5 x 4,5 x 0,7; ID: 6806/047-003. Kompleks ó/SS (zid I: plast b in plast I/II): 7. Frag. ustja lonca z bradavico (L S); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj rjava; znotraj sve-tlorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 6,2; ID: 6806/038-014. 8. Frag. ustja lonca (L 2S); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 12,0; ID: 6806/038-015. 9. Frag. pekve z okrasom vod. razčlenjenega rebra (Pe Sb); prostoročne izdelave; površina: glajena, rahlo porozna; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 15,0; ID: 6806/038-016. 10. Sodčasto vretence (Vr 4 ); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,3 x 3,0; ID: 6806/038-029. Kompleks ó/4S (zid I: plast b in plast I/II): 11. Frag. latvice z okrasom žlebov (La 2l); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 2,5 x 2,9 x 0,7; ID: 6806/048-011. 12. Frag. ostenja z okrasom vod. razčlenjenega rebra (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 7,4 x 10,8 x 0,9; ID: 6806/048-007. 13. Frag. ostenja z okrasom vod. žlebov (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj rjava; zelo trda, finozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; vel.= 4,5 x 5,0 x 0,8; ID: 6806/048-014. Kompleks ó/ó0 (plast I/II): 14. Frag. ustja latvice z bradavico (La 6*); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rdečkasta; mehka, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; Pu= 10,0; ID: 6806/060-001. 15. Frag. pekve (Pe lb); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: svetlorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 13,5; ID: 6806/060-004. 16. Frag. vbočenega dna (d 9); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pd= 6,5; ID: 6806/060-010. 17. Frag. ostenja z okrasom vod. rebra in modelirano bradavico (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlorjava, lisasta; znotraj siva; mehka, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 7,3 x 7,8 x 0,7; ID: 6806/060-008. Tabla 53 Kompleks 33 (plast I/II): 1. Frag. pithos z držajema (Pi 1a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj sivočrna, lisasta; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 17,0; rekon. Pd= 9,0; rekon v= 47,5; d= 1,4; ID: 6806/033-077; isto kot 6806/033-034, 6806/038-025, 6806/062-001; morda isto kot 6806/058-003 in 6806/072-004. 2. Frag. ustja in frag. ostenja lonca (L 9b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 12,0; ID: 6806/033-072. 3. Frag. ustja lonca z bradavico (L 5); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: svetlorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,5; ID: 6806/033-035. 4. Frag. ustja lonca (L 25); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: zglajena; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 7,5; ID: 6806/033-021. 5. Frag. ustja latvice (La 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: rjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksi-dacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,2; ID: 6806/033-028. 6. Frag. latvica z držajem (La 18); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; Pu= 9,7; Pd= 5,0; v= 8,0; d= 0,8; ID: 6806/033-075; isto kot 6806/037-010. 7. Frag. latvica s podkvasto nalepko (La 8); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj temnor-java, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; Pu= 8,7; Pd= 6,0; v= 9,7; d= 0,8; ID: 6806/033-027; isto kot 6806/025-002. Tabla 54 Kompleks 33 (plast I/II): 1. Frag. pekve z okrasom vod. razčlenjenega rebra (Pe 5a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 16,0; ID: 6806/033-043; morda isto kot 6806/037-009. 2. Frag. pekve (Pe 2a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj rjava; znotraj svetlorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 13,0; ID: 6806/033-007. 3. Frag. pekve (Pe 1b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gla-jena, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 15,0; ID: 6806/033-025; isto kot 6806/037-006 in 6806/038-017. 4. Frag. ostenja pekve s frag. ročajem (Pe 3c); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj rjava; znotraj temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. P= 10,5; ID: 6806/033-055; isto kot 6806/037-018. 5. Frag. pladnja (Pl 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj svetlorjava; znotraj svetlordeča; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. P= 16,0; v= 2,8; d= 1,3; ID: 6806/033-073; isto kot 6806/060-006. 6. Frag. ostenja pithosa z držajem (Pi 1a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka zunaj temnorjava; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 5,6 x 5,5 x 1,2; ID: 6806/033-049. 7. Frag. čepa pokrova z okrasom vrezov (Po 4b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata 315 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 1,5 x 1,9 x 0,4; ID: 6806/033-042. 8. Prag. dna (d 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 5,2; ID: 6806/033-056. 9. Prag. dna z ostenjem lonca (d 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna zunaj svetlorjava, lisasta; znotraj svetlorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksi-dacijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 7,5; ID: 6806/033-057. 10. Prag. dna z ostenjem lonca (d 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: glajena, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj svetlorjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna; trda, grobozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 6,0; ID: 6806/033-058; isto kot 6806/025-018. 11. Piramidalna utež (U 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 3,8 x 3,7 x 6,0; ID: 6806/033-054. Kompleks 51 (plast I/II): 12. Prag. ostenja lonca z okrasom vod. razčlenjenega rebra (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj sivo-črna; znotraj temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; vel.= 8,7 x 10,6 x 0,9; ID: 6806/051-010. 13. Prag. ostenja pekve (Pe 3a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlordeča, lisasta; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. P= 13,5; ID: 6806/051-014. 14. Prag. ostenja sklede (Sk 9); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,6 x 3,4 x 0,3; ID: 6806/051-011; morda isto kot 6806/054-027 in 6806/059-012. 15. Prag. svitkastega držaja s skromnimi sledmi grafitnega premaza (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 5,6 x 2,5; ID: 6806/051-020. 16. Bikonično vretence (Vr 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: površina temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 4,3 x 3,7; ID: 6806/051-021. Tabla 55 Kompleks 39 (plast I/II): 1. Prag. ustja lonca (L 25); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: bledorjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksi-dacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 16,0; ID: 6806/039-001. 2. Prag. ustja lonca (L 18a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 6806/039-002. 3. Prag. ustja in frag. ostenja lonca z okrasom vod. niza vtisov (Lsv 2); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,8; ID: 6806/039-006. 4. Prag. ostenja z okrasom niza vtisov in s sledmi grafitnega premaza (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 2,3 x 1,7 x 0,6; ID: 6806/039-007. 5. Prag. ustja sklede z rogom (Sk 8); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj bledorjava; znotraj svetlorjava; mehka, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 12,2; ID: 6806/039-005. 6. Prag. ustja latvice (La 11b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: siva; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 6806/039-004. 7. Prag. ustja latvice (La 12); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: svetlorjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,7; ID: 6806/039-003. 8. Prag. dna z ostenjem lončka (Lo 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: svetlorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 3,5; ID: 6806/039-034. 9. Prag. dna (d 8); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj siva; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 4,0; ID: 6806/039-009. 10. Prag. prstanastega dna (d 11); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva; znotraj bledorjava; mehka, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 7,5; ID: 6806/039-008. Kompleks 37 (plast I/II): 11. Prag. bikonično vretence (Vr 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 2,8 x 2,7 x 2,0; ID: 6806/037-020. Kompleks 19 (zid II): 12. Prag. ostenja z žlebljenim okrasom (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; vel.= 4,4 x 4,9 x 1,0; ID: 6806/019-003. Kompleks 26 (zid II): 13. Prag. ostenja lonca z bradavico (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 5,6 x 4,2 x 0,5; ID: 6806/026-002. Kompleks 35 (zid II): 14. Prag. ustja lonca (L 22b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj svetlordeča; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,5; ID: 6806/035-001. Kompleks 43 (zid II): 15. Prag. ustja pithosa z bradavico (Pi 1b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna, lisasta; znotraj svetlordeča, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 14,7; ID: 6806/043-001; morda isto kot 6806/040-001. 16. Prag. ostenja z okrasom modelirane bradavice (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: hrapava; barva: zunaj siva; znotraj bledorjava; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 6,2 x 4,7 x 1,3; ID: 6806/043-004. 17. Prag. ostenja pithosa z okrasom vod. rebra (Pi 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva; znotraj rdečkasta; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,0 x 4,7 x 0,9; ID: 6806/043-008. Kompleks 40 (zid II): 18. Prag. prstanastega dna (d 11); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rdečkasta, lisasta; znotraj rjava; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 5,0; ID: 6806/040-004. Kompleks 44 (zid II): 19. Prag. piramidalne uteži z odtisom (U 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 3,2 x 2,6 x 2,3; ID: 6806/044-003. 316 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE Tabla 56 Kompleks 50 (zid II): 1. Prag. ustja ciborija (?) s skromnimi sledmi rdeče barve (C 2b); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: zglajena; barva: svetlordeča, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,2; ID: 6806/050-001. 2. Prag. ustja latvice (La 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,5; ID: 6806/050-002. 3. Prag. dna (d 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj bledorjava; znotraj sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 8,5; ID: 6806/050-008. Kompleks 18 (zid III): 4. Prag. ročaj pekve (Pe 4b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; stihijsko žgano; vel.= 13,0 x 4,7 x 3,1; ID: 6806/018-006. Kompleks 21 (zid III): 5. Prag. dna (d 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj bledorjava; znotraj siva; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 4,5; ID: 6806/021-003. Kompleks 22 (zid III): 6. Prag. ustja lonca z držajem (L 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: svetlorjava; trda, drobnozr-nata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,0; ID: 6806/022-001. 7. Prag. ročaj pekve z okrasom razčlenjenega rebra (Pe 7); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 14,3 x 3,7 x 1,9; ID: 6806/022-026. 8. Čep pokrova (Po 4b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; vel.= 3,9 x 2,3; ID: 6806/022-029. 9. Prag. ostenja z okrasom vod. razčlenjenega rebra (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rdečkasta; znotraj bledorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 3,5 x 2,4 x 0,6; ID: 6806/022-019. Kompleks 23 (zid III): 10. Prag. ostenja pithosa z držajem (Pi 1a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj bledorjava; znotraj svetlordeča; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 6,3 x 6,1 x 0,7; ID: 6806/023-004. 11. Prag. ročaja pekve (Pe 4a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 13,2 x 4,5 x 3,8; ID: 6806/023-007. 12. Prag. ročaja pekve (Pe 4f); prostoročne izdelave; površina: glajena; barva: temnorjava; trda, grobozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 10,8 x 4,2 x 3,0; ID: 6806/023-008. 13. Prag. motka (M 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj bledorjava; znotraj svetlordeča, lisasta; trda, grobozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 6,5 x 4,6 x 1,8; ID: 6806/023-009. Kompleks 14 (zid III in latenska plast): 14. Prag. ostenja glinenke z žigosanim in plitvo žlebljenim okrasom (o); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivo-črna; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; vel.= 4,2 x 4,2 x 0,9; ID: 6806/014-002. 15. Prag. vod. kanelirane noge (n 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj rdečkasta; znotraj siva; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 9,3 x 4,3 x 1,0; ID: 6806/014-006; isto kot 6806/010-010. Kompleks 28 (zid III in latenska plast): 16. Prag. ustja lonca (L 25); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: bledorjava; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,0; ID: 6806/028-001. 17. Prag. ustja latvice (La 15a); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj bledorjava; znotraj sivočrna; mehka, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,3; ID: 6806/028-005. 18. Prag. dna (d 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj svetlordeča, lisasta; trda, drobno-zrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pd= 5,5; ID: 6806/028-013. 19. Prag. dna (d 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rjava. lisasta; znotraj sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 4,0; ID: 6806/028-012. 20. Prag. ostenja lonca z žigosanim okrasom, vrezi in nizi vtisov (o); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rdečkasta; znotraj bledorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,8 x 4,3 x 0,6; ID: 6806/028-009. 21. Prag. ostenja s koleščkanim okrasom in vrezom (o); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: zglajena; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 6,1 x 3,3 x 0,6; ID: 6806/028-008. 22. Piramidalna utež z okrasom vtisov (U 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drob-nozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,1 x 4,2 x 7,7; ID: 6806/028-020. Tabla 57 Kompleks 7 (latenska plast): 1. Prag. ustja in frag. ostenja pithosa z bradavicama (Pi 1b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rdečkasta; znotraj svetlorjava, lisasta; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 16,5; ID: 6806/007-001; isto kot 6806/001-001, morda isto kot 6806/010-037. 2. Prag. dna (d 8); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlordeča; znotraj siva; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 5,0; ID: 6806/007-008. Kompleks 10 (latenska plast): 3. Prag. ustja lonca z okrasom vod. razčlenjenega rebra (L 3a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlorjava; znotraj siva, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 6806/010-002. 4. Prag. lonca z okrasom vod. žleba (L 31*); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,7; ID: 6806/010-001. 5. Prag. ustja latvice z držajem (La 7); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: siva; mehka, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 6806/010-005. 6. Prag. ustja latvice z bradavico (La 18); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: svetlordeča, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 6806/010-004. 7. Prag. ustja z ostenjem sklede (Sk 7); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj bledorjava; znotraj svetlorjava; mehka, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 6806/010-003. 8. Prag. dna z ostenjem lonca (d 8); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rdečkasta; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 6,5; ID: 6806/010-013. 317 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE 9. Frag. dno z ostenjem (d 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva, lisasta; znotraj svetlordeča; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; Pd= 8,5; ID: 6806/010-009. 10. Frag. dna z ostenjem lonca (d 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 4,5; ID: 6806/010-010. 11. Frag. dna (d 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj bledorjava; znotraj svetlordeča; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 5,0; ID: 6806/010-011; isto kot 6806/014-005. 12. Frag. vbočenega dna (d 11); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlosiva; znotraj bledorjava; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 5,0; ID: 6806/010-012. 13. Frag. ostenja z okrasom vod. žlebov (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlorjava; znotraj rdečkasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 8,8 x 5,4 x 1,3; ID: 6806/010-008; morda isto kot 6806/010-034. 14. Piramidalna utež (U 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: siva, lisasta; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,6 x 4,4 x 6,5; ID: 6806/010-015. 15. Frag. svitka (S 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: hrapava; barva: svetlordeča, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; stihijsko žgano; vel.= 9,6 x 4,0 x 3,4; ID: 6806/010-016. Kompleks 9 (latenska plast): 16. Frag. ustja lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 34a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj siva; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,0; ID: 6806/009-001. 17. Frag. ostenja lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 35a); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 4,7 x 8,9 x 0,8; ID: 6806/009-007; isto kot 6806/016-012. 18. Frag. ostenja lonca z bradavico (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,4 x 5,6 x 0,8; ID: 6806/009-008. 19. Frag. ostenja glinenke z žigosanim okrasom (o); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 7,1 x 5,6 x 0,9; ID: 6806/009-004. 20. Frag. ostenja z žigosanimi okrasom (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj siva; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; vel.= 1,9 x 2,5 x 1,0; ID: 6806/009-005. Tabla 58 Kompleks 6 (latenska plast): 1. Frag. ročaj ročke (Ro 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: hrapava; barva: svetlosiva; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 5,5 x 6,5 x 0,8; ID: 6806/006-001. 2. Frag. ostenja glinenke okrašene z žigosanimi okrasom (o); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; vel.= 2,7 x 2,1 x 0,6; ID: 6806/006-002. 3. Frag. ostenja z žigosanim okrasom (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; vel.= 2,8 x 3,3 x 0,9; ID: 6806/006-003. Kompleks 15 (latenska plast): 4. Frag. ustja ciborija s skromnimi sledmi rdeče barve (C 2d); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: rdečkasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 9,5; ID: 6806/015-002. 5. Frag. ustja glinenke (G 9a); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 5,0; ID: 6806/015-001. 6. Frag. ustja sklede z odtisi (Sk 11); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,2 x 3,4 x 0,8; ID: 6806/015-004. 7. Frag. ostenja lonca z bradavico (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,0 x 4,0 x 0,7; ID: 6806/015-016. 8. Frag. ostenja glinenke z žlebljenim okrasom (o); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 2,9 x 2,2 x 0,6; ID: 6806/015-015. 9. Frag. ostenja grafitnega lonca z glavničenim okrasom in vod. rebrom (L 36); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,1 x 3,2 x 0,6; ID: 6806/015-009. 10. Frag. ostenja okrašene z žigosanimi okrasom (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj bledorjava; znotraj siva; mehka, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 2,5 x 2,5 x 0,8; ID: 6806/015-014. 11. Frag. sodčasto vretence (Vr 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,0 x 3,5 x 2,0; ID: 6806/015-023. Kompleks 16 (latenska plast): 12. Frag. ustja lonca (L 40a); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 6,6 x 2,4 x 0,5; rekon. Pu= 9,5; ID: 6806/016-001. 13. Frag. ostenja z žigosanim okrasom in vod. vrezom (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,0 x 3,1 x 0,9; ID: 6806/016-009. 14. Frag. profiliranega ostenja pokala ? (P 3); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; vel.= 3,7 x 3,9 x 0,5; ID: 6806/016-008. Kompleks 62 (neopredeljeno): 15. Frag. dna (d 10); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj svetlorjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 5,5; ID: 6806/062-003. Kompleks 72 (neopredeljeno): 16. Frag. ustja lonca (L 25); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacij-sko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 6806/072-001. 17. Frag. ostenja z bradavicama (o); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: bledorjava, lisasta; mehka, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 9,4 x 4,3 x 0,8; ID: 6806/072-003; morda isto kot 6806/035-003. Kompleks 4 (neopredeljeno): 18. Frag. ustja lonca (L 37a); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj siva, lisasta; znotraj svetlordeča; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 12,0; ID: 6806/004-001. 19. Frag. ustja glinenke (G 6); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 5,5; ID: 6806/004-002. 20. Frag. ustja glinenke (G 6); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,0; ID: 6806/004-003. 318 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE 21. Frag. ostenja z rebrom (o); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,1 x 6,4 x 0,6; ID: 6806/004-023. 22. Frag. ostenja z okrasom žlebov (o); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj siva; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,5 x 2,5 x 0,9; ID: 6806/004-021. 23. Frag. Vod. kanelirane noge (n 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 5,9 x 4,9 x 0,8; ID: 6806/004-034. 24. Piramidalna utež z žlebljenim okrasom (U 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča, lisasta; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 5,0 x 4,8 x 7,3; ID: 6806/004-038. 25. Frag. svitka (S 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 9,1 x 3,2 x 3,5; ID: 6806/004-037. Kompleks 2 (neopredeljeno): 26. Frag. dna (d 8); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva; znotraj sivočrna, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 4,0; ID: 6806/002-005. 27. Frag. svitka (S 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: hrapava; barva: siva; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; stihijsko žgano; vel.= 8,0 x 4,1 x 3,6; ID: 6806/002-006. Kompleks 64 (neopredeljeno): 28. Frag. ustja latvice (La 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rdečkasta; znotraj svetlordeča; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,5; ID: 6806/064-006. 29. Frag. ostenja latvice z ušescem (La 16); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,5 x 4,4 x 0,6; ID: 6806/064-009. Tabla 59 Kompleks 78 (zid I): 1. Frag. ustja latvice (La 11); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,5; ID: 6701/078-001. 2. Črepinjska utež (Vr 7); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 2,7 x 2,8 x 0,7; ID: 6701/078-015. 3. Črepinjska ploščica (Čp) iz frag. rdeče barvane posode prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj svetlorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; vel.= 3,3 x 3,1 x 0,8; ID: 6701/078-016. Kompleks 80 (zid I): 4. Frag. ustja in ostenja lonca z okrasom vod. razčlenjenega rebra (L 3a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,3; ID: 6701/080-002. 5. Frag. ustja z ostenjem lonca z okrasom vod. žlebov (L 31); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,7; ID: 6701/080-001. 6. Frag. ostenja sklede (Sk 5); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,1 x 3,4 x 0,6; ID: 6701/080-007. 7. Frag. ročaj skodelez bradavicama (Sk 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: bledorjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 39, x 3,2 x 0,8; ID: 6701/080-011. Kompleks 98 (plast I/II): 8. Frag. motka (M 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 5,1 x 6,7 x 0,9; ID: 6701/098-004. Kompleks 82 (zid I in plast I/II ): 9. Frag. ustja buče z vod. kaneliranim vratom in sledmi grafitnega premaza (B); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: zglajena; barva: temnorjava; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 12,0; ID: 6701/082-001. Kompleks 79 (zid II): 10. Frag. ustja ciborija s sledmi rdeče barve (C 2c); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: zglajena; barva: svetlordeča; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 11,0; ID: 6701/079-001. 11. Frag. ostenja pithosa z okrasom vod. rebra ter sledmi rdeče in črne barve (Pi 2); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj svetlordečaznotraj svetlorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; vel.= 4,8 x 5,7 x 0,7; ID: 6701/079-003. Kompleks 84 (zid II): 12. Frag. dna (d 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlordeča; znotraj sivočrna; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 5,5; ID: 6701/084-007. Kompleks 83 (zid II): 13. Frag. ostenja pithosa z okrasom vod. rebra in sledmi rdeče barve (Pi 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj bledorjava, lisasta; znotraj svetlordeča; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; vel.= 5,4 x 7,1 x 1,0; ID: 6701/083-001. Kompleks 86 (zid II): 14. Frag. ostenja sklede z vod. fasetiranimi rameni in žle-bljenim okrasom (Sk 5); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,1 x 5,0 x 0,8; ID: 6701/086-005. Kompleks 89 (zid III): 15. Frag. ustja lonca (L 19); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj rjava; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,5; ID: 6701/089-001. Kompleks 88 (zid III): 16. Frag. ustja z ostenjem latvice z vod. kaneliranimi rameni (La 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: siva; mehka, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,0; ID: 6701/088-001. 17. Pekva s frag. ročajem (Pe 3c); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; Pu= 9,3; P= 7,5; v= 5,7; d= 0,7; ID: 6701/088002; isto kot 6701/087-038. 18. Profilirano vretence z okrasom vtisov ( Vr 5 ); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,0 x 2,7; ID: 6701/088-007. Tabla 60 Kompleks 87 (zid III in latenska plast): 1. Frag. ustja glinenke z okrasom vod. žleba (G 8); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: siva; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 6701/087-003; morda isto kot 6701/090-005. 319 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE 2. Frag. ustja lonca (L 41b); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,2; ID: 6701/087-001. 3. Frag. ustja glinenke (G 6); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 6,5; ID: 6701/087-002. 4. Frag. ustja lonca (L 1b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 4,4; ID: 6701/087-004. 5. Frag. ustja latvice z vod. kaneliranimi rameni (La 20); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna, lisasta; mehka, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 6701/087-021. 6. Frag. ustja latvice (La 15a); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 6701/087-022. 7. Frag. dna (d 4); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vre-tenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj rjava, lisasta; znotraj siva, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 8,6; ID: 6701/087-034. 8. Frag. ostenja lonca z bradavico (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 4,2 x 5,7 x 0,9; ID: 6701/087-025. Kompleks 95 (zid III in latenska plast): 9. Frag. ustja glinenke (G 6); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva; znotraj rjava; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; rekon. Pu= 6,2; ID: 6701/095-001. 10. Frag. ustja latvice (La 15a); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj siva; znotraj sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 6701/095-009. 11. Frag. dno (d 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlorjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozr-nata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 7,0; ID: 6701/095-022. 12. Frag. ostenja z okrasom nizov vbodov (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj sve-tlorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; vel.= 2,5 x 4,1 x 0,9; ID: 6701/095-012. 13. Frag. ostenja in frag. ročaja pekve z bradavicami (Pe 8c); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rjava; znotraj svetlorjava, lisasta; trda, grobozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 7,8 x 5,2 x 1,3; ID: 6701/095-017. 14. Frag. ročaja pekve z razčlenjenim rebrom (Pe 7); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 6,2 x 3,1 x 3,1; ID: 6701/095-019. 15. Frag. motka (M 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 5,3 x 4,6 x 1,2; ID: 6701/095-010. 16. Frag. motka (M 2a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj svetlosiva, lisasta; znotraj siva; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 6,8 x 3,6 x 1,5; ID: 6701/095-011. 17. Profilirano vretence (Vr 5); prostoročne izdelave; površina: hrapava; barva: svetlorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,7 x 3,3; ID: 6701/095-027. 18. Stožčasto vretence ( Vr 3 ); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: siva; mehka, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 2,8 x 2,2; ID: 6701/095-028. Kompleks 94 (zid III in latenska plast): 19. Frag. ostenja glinenke z vod. rebroma in žlebom ter žigosanim okrasom (G 3*); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna, lisasta; znotraj siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; vel.= 8,1 x 8,3 x 0,6; ID: 6701/094-006; morda isto kot 6701/094-007. 20. Frag. ostenja grafitnega lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 36); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,3 x 3,9 x 0,7; ID: 6701/094-013. 21. Frag. ostenja lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 35a); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: zunaj rjava; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,0 x 4,9 x 0,8; ID: 6701/094-014. 22. Frag. dna (d 19); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; rekon. Pu= 5,5; ID: 6701/094-018. 23. Frag. nizke noge s sledmi črnega premaza (imp.); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj bledorumena; znotraj bledorjava; mehka, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pn= 3,4; ID: 6701/094-024. Tabla 61 Kompleks 97 (zid III in latenska plast): 1. Frag. ustja lonca z okrasom vod. razčlenjenega rebra (L 8a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,0; ID: 6701/097-015. 2. Frag. ustja lonca (L 17b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj siva, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 4,7; ID: 6701/097-006. 3. Frag. pladnja s frag. ročajem (Pl 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobno-zrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. P= 9,5; v= 3,3; d= 0,6; ID: 6701/097-029. 4. Frag. ostenja z okrasom vod. razčlenjenega rebra (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: bledorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,7 x 4,4 x 0,7; ID: 6701/097-027. 5. Frag. ostenja z okrasom vtisov in vod. rebrom (o); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,5 x 3,6 x 0,7; ID: 6701/097-019. 6. Frag. dna (d 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: siva; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 6,7; ID: 6701/097-031. 7. Frag. dna (d 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlordeča, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 6,0; ID: 6701/097-030. 8. Frag. piramidalna utež (U 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlosiva, lisasta; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 5,2 x 5,2 x 5,3; ID: 6701/097-034. Kompleks 96 (zid III in latenska plast): 9. Frag. ustja glinenke (G 6); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj bledorjava; znotraj svetlorjava; mehka, zelo finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 6,0; ID: 6701/096-002. 10. Frag. ustja glinenke (G 6); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlorjava; znotraj siva; mehka, zelo finozr-nata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; rekon. Pu= 6,0; ID: 6701/096-003. 11. Frag. ustja lonca (L 18a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: glajena; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 6701/096-007. 320 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE 12. Prag. ustja latvice (La 11); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: siva; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,6; ID: 6701/096-010. 13. Prag. ostenja glinenke ? z žigosanim okrasom (o); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rdečkasta; znotraj siva, lisasta; mehka, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 3,9 x 2,1 x 0,8; ID: 6701/096-011. 14. Prag. dno (d 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: hrapava; barva: svetlorjava; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pd= 3,5; ID: 6701/096-028. 15. Prag. dno lonca z ostenjem (d 5); prostoročne izdelave; površina: glajena, rahlo porozna; barva: temnorjava; trda, grobozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 5,3; v= 12,8; d= 0,9; ID: 6701/096-027. 16. Prag. dna z ostenjem lonca (d 16); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj bledorjava, lisasta; znotraj rjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 7,0; ID: 6701/096-025. 17. Prag. dna z ostenjem glinenke (d 19); izdelano na vre-tenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pd= 6,0; ID: 6701/096-024. 18. Prag. lijaka (pos. obl. 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 6,8 x 3,9 x 1,0; ID: 6701/096-001. Tabla 62 Kompleks 100 (zid III in latenska plast): 1. Prag. vod. kaneliranega ustja ciborija z nagubanim ostenjem(C 4a); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: siva; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 12,5; ID: 6701/100-001; morda isto kot 6701/097-004. 2. Prag. ostenja lonca z okrasom vod. žlebov in niza odtisov (L 29); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlordeča; znotraj bledorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksi-dacijsko žgano; vel.= 3,3 x 6,2 x 0,7; ID: 6701/100-002; morda isto kot 6701/097-023. Kompleks 90 (latenska plast): 3. Prag. ustja glinenke (G 6); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; rekon. Pu= 6,7; ID: 6701/090-003. 4. Prag. ustja glinenke (G 4); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 6,0; ID: 6701/090-001. 5. Prag. ustja sklede (Sk 14); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,0; ID: 6701/090-002. 6. Prag. ostenja z okrasom vod. vrezov in niza vbodov (o); izdelano na vretenu; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 2,1 x 2,7 x 0,5; ID: 6701/090-010. Kompleks 93 (latenska plast): 7. Prag. ustja lonca (L 36*); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: svetlorjava; trda, drobnozrnata fakturaz drobci grafita; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 6701/093-001. 8. Prag. ostenja sklede (Sk 12); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva, lisasta; znotraj bledorjava; mehka, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 4,8 x 3,2 x 0,6; ID: 6701/093-002. Kompleks 99 (neopredeljeno): 9. Prag. ustja lonca (L 25); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlorjava; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 12,0; ID: 6701/099-001. 10. Prag. ustja latvice (La 15a); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 9,5; ID: 6701/099-006. 11. Prag. ustja latvice (La 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,2; ID: 6701/099-005; morda isto kot 6701/099-007. 12. Prag. dna (d 8); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vre-tenu; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj rjava; znotraj svetlorjava; mehka, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 5,0; ID: 6701/099-009. 13. Prag. piramidalne uteži z odtisom in vbodi (U 2a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 5,6 x 2,6 x 3,8; ID: 6701/099-017. Tabla 63 Kompleks 62 (zid I): 1. Prag. vod. kaneliranega ustja pithosa(Pi 2a*); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj bledorjava; znotraj svetlorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 17,0; ID: 6702/062-001; isto kot 6702/064-001. 2. Prag. ustja lonca (L 14a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj bledorjava, lisasta; znotraj siva, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 13,0; ID: 6702/062-002. 3. Prag. ustja lonca (L 22b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rdečkasta; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacij-sko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,0; ID: 6702/062-003. 4. Prag. ustja sklede z žlebljenim ostenjem (Sk 4a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: siva; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 5,5; ID: 6702/062-007. 5. Prag. dna sklede s skromnimi sledmi rdeče barve (d 13); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlorjava, lisasta; znotraj siva, lisasta; mehka, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 6,0; ID: 6702/062-017. 6. Prag. ostenja lonca z okrasom vod. vreza in niza odtisov (L 29); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva, lisasta; znotraj rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,6 x 4,3 x 0,6; ID: 6702/062-010. 7. Prag. piramidalna utež z okrasom vbodov (U 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivae, lisasta; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; ID: 6702/062-021. 8. Prag. svitek (S 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: hrapava; barva: svetlordeča, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; stihijsko žgano; vel.= 8,9 x 3,1 x 2,8; ID: 6702/062-022. Kompleks 63 (zid I): 9. Prag. ustja lonca z okrasom vod. žlebov (L 32); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj temnorjava; zelo trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 6702/063-006. 10. Prag. ustja lonca s sledmi črnega (smolnatega) premaza (L 17a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 6702/063-001. 11. Prag. ostenja pithosa z okrasom vod. rebra ter sledmičrne in skromnimi sledmi rdeče barve (Pi 2); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rdečkasta; 321 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE znotraj svetlorjava; mehka, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 3,6 x 4,4 x 0,9; ID: 6702/063-012. 12. Frag. pekača prenosne pečke z okrasom vod. žlebov (Pp 2c); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlorjava, lisasta; znotraj svetlordeča, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 18,5; ID: 6702/063-010. Kompleks 65 (zid I in II): 13. Frag. dna situle s sledmi rdeče barve in črnega grafitnega premaza (C 3a); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: zglajena; barva: svetlorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pd= 7,5; ID: 6702/065-011. 14. Frag. dna (d 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj bledorjava; znotraj siva; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 8,3; ID: 6702/065-012. Tabla 64 Kompleks 64 (zid I): 1. Frag. ustja lonca (L 23); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: bledorjava, lisasta; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 14,0; ID: 6702/064-003. 2. Frag. ustja lonca (L 12); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,3; ID: 6702/064-005; morda isto kot 7602/064-005. 3. Frag. ustja lonca (L 17a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,0; ID: 6702/064-004. 4. Frag. ustja buče z vod. kaneliranim vratom (B); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: bledorjava; mehka, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,0; ID: 6702/064-002. 5. Frag. ostenja z okrasom navpičnih žlebov in sledmi sivega grafitnega premaza (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: svetlorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; vel.= 5,7 x 3,8 x 0,5; ID: 6702/064-011. 6. Frag. ostenja z okrasom navpičnih žlebov (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,2 x 4,8 x 0,8; ID: 6702/064-012. 7. Frag. pekača prenosne pečke s sledmi črnega (smolnatega) premaza(Pp 1b*); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 15,0; ID: 6702/064-009. 8. Frag. piramidalna utež (U 1*); prostoročne izdelave; površina: hrapava; barva: svetlordeča; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 10,8 x 8,2 x 16,3; ID: 6702/064-038. Kompleks 66 (zid II): 9. Frag. ustja lonca (L 14); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 14,2; ID: 6702/066-001. 10. Frag. ustja lonca (L 18b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rjava; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 4,7; ID: 6702/066-002. 11. Frag. ustja latvice z okrasom vod. žlebov (La 20a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,7; ID: 6702/066-012. 12. Frag. ostenja pithosa z okrasom vod. rebra (Pi 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: siva; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 6,0 x 6,3 x 1,2; ID: 6702/066-014. 13. Frag. dna (d 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlorjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozr-nata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 6,5; ID: 6702/066-018. Tabla 65 Kompleks 67 (zid II): 1. Ročka z izlivom in ročajem z okrasom odtisov ter frag. bradavicama (Ro 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj rjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; Pu= 4,5; Pd= 3,5; v= 7,7; d= 0,8; ID: 6702/067-001. 2. Frag. ustja lonca z bradavico (L 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj svetlorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 5,3; ID: 6702/066-002. Kompleks 74 (zid II): 3. Frag. ustja lonca (L 10a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj bledorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 15,0; ID: 6702/074-001; isto kot 6702/069-002. 4. Svitek z odtisi in žigosanim okrasom (S 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča; trda, drobno-zrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 9,7 x 3,5 x 3,2; ID: 6702/074-005. Kompleks 75 (zid II): 5. Frag. ustja lonca (L 14a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,5; ID: 6702/075-001. 6. Frag. ustja lonca (L 18a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: glajena; barva: zunaj svetlorjava, lisasta; znotraj rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,2; ID: 6702/075-002. 7. Frag. ustja latvice (La 11b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj rjava; znotraj sivočrna, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,2; ID: 6702/075-007. 8. Frag. ostenja sklede (Sk 5); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 5,5 x 3,7 x 0,6; ID: 6702/075-012. 9. Frag. dna (d 8); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 7,0; ID: 6702/075-018. Kompleks 7¡ (zid III): 10. Frag. ostenja ciborija z nagubanim ostenjem, okrasom vod. rebra in navpičnih žlebov ter sledmi sivega grafitnega in skromni sledmi črnega (smolnatega) premaza (C 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, finozrna-ta faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; vel.= 14,8 x 9,4 x 0,8: ID: 6702/071-001. 11. Frag. dna lonca s skromnimi sledmi črnega (smolnatega) premaza (d 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj bledorjava, lisasta; znotraj rjava. lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 9,0; ID: 6702/071-006. 12. Frag. ostenja z okrasom vod. rebra in ostanki črne (smolnate) barve (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj svetlorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 5,0 x 3,7 x 0,8; ID: 6702/071-002. Kompleks 68 (zid III): 13. Frag. ostenja z okrasom vod. vrezov in niza vbodov (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlosiva; znotraj siva; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,4 x 3,2 x 0,9; ID: 6702/068-004. 322 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE Kompleks 69 (zid III in latenska plast): 14. Frag. ustja lonca (L 15); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 13,0; ID: 6702/069-001. 15. Frag. ostenja glinenke ? z žigosanim okrasom vod. vrezoma (o); izdelano na vretenu; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj siva; trda, finozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; vel.= 3,5 x 2,8 x 0,6; ID: 6702/069-004. Tabla 66 Kompleks 72 (latenska plast): 1. Črepinjska utež (Vr 7 iz frag. lonca z glavničenim okrasom, prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 5,2 x 5,7 x 0,7; ID: 6702/072-001. Kompleks 70 (latenska plast): 2. Frag. ustja latvice (La 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rdečkasta, lisasta; znotraj siva, lisasta; mehka, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 6702/070-002. 3. Frag. ustja sklede z nagubanim ostenjem (Sk 10); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: bledorjava, lisasta; trda, finozr-nata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 2,6; ID: 6702/070-001. 4. Frag. ostenja z bradavico (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva, lisasta; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 6,9 x 5,8 x 0,9; ID: 6702/070-007. 5. Frag. ostenja z okrasom vod. razčlenjenega rebra (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlorjava, lisasta; znotraj svetlordeča; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacij-sko žgano; vel.= 5,4 x 5,8 x 1,2; ID: 6702/070-008. 6. Kroglasto vretence (Vr 1 ); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 4,0 x 2,7; ID: 6702/070-019. 7. Svitek (S 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: povšina svetlordeča, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; stihijsko žgano; vel.= 9,5 x 3,4 x 2,8; ID: 6702/070-016. Kompleks 73 (neopredeljeno): 8. Frag. ustja lonca (L 39a); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 14,7; ID: 6702/073-001. 9. Frag. ustja lonca (L 38); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 6702/073-002. 10. Frag. lonec z glavničenim okrasom (L 36); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, drobnozrnata faktura z drobci grafita; redukcijsko žgano; Pu= 5,5; Pd= 3,5; rekon. v= 12,5; d= 0,5; ID: 6702/073-008. 11. Frag. ustja lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 35d); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,5; ID: 6702/073-007. 12. Frag. ustja lonca (L 17a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 6702/073-004. 13. Frag. ustja glinenke (G 4); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj bledorjava; znotraj rdečkasta, lisasta; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 5,5; ID: 6702/073-003. 14. Frag. dna (d 18a); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 4,5; ID: 6702/073-005. 15. Frag. ustja pokrova (Po 1a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,5; ID: 6702/073-018. 16. Frag. dna pladnja s črnim premazom in s koleščkanim okrasom (imp.); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlorjava; znotraj siva; mehka, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 3,2 x 2,3 x 0,8; ID: 6702/073-046. 17. Profilirano vretencez okrasom niza vbodov (Vr 5); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 2,5 x 1,9; ID: 6702/073-006. Kompleks 97 (neopredeljeno): 18. Frag. ustja ročke (Ro 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 3,3 x 5,1 x 0,8; ID: 6702/097-003. 19. Čep pokrova s predrtino (Po 4a*); pokrov izdelan na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva, lisasta; znotraj površina siva; zelo trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 3,9 x 3,4 x 1,1; ID: 6702/097-009. 20. Frag. vrat prenosne pečke z žlebljenim okrasom, nizom vtisov in razčlenjenim rebrom (Pp 2d); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: bledorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 7,0 x 7,9 x 1,1; ID: 6702/097-001. 21. Frag. ostenja z ročajem pekve (Pe 4d); prostoročne izdelave; površina: glajena; barva: rjava; trda, grobozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 16,8 x 10,3 x 1,3; ID: 6702/097-005. Kompleks 95 (laten: tlak): 22. Frag. dna lonca z okrasom vod. razčlenjenega rebra (d 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnor-java; znotraj bledorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pd= 5,0; ID: 6702/095-003. 23. Frag. svitek (S 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: hrapava; barva: svetlordeča, lisasta; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 11,4 x 4,7 x 3,9; ID: 6702/095-005. 24. Kroglasto vretence (Vr 1 ); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 3,7 x 2,7; ID: 6702/095-006. Tabla 67 Kompleks 98 (zid I): 1. Frag. ustja lonca (Lsv 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,5; ID: 6805/098-001. 2. Frag. ustja lonca z bradavicama (L 24); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,3; ID: 6805/098-003; morda isto kot 6805/102-002 in 6805/106-006. 3. Frag. ustja z ostenjem latvice (La 5); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj bledorjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,2; ID: 6805/098-002; morda isto kot 6805/101-002. 4. Frag. ostenja in ročaja pekve z bradavicama (Pe 8b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: glajena; barva: siva, lisasta; mehka, grobozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 10,7 x 6,0 x 2,9; ID: 6805/098-005; isto kot 6805/099-008, morda tudi 6805/098-004. 5. Frag. ognjiščne rešetke (Or); prostoročne izdelave; površina: glajena; barva: svetlordeča; mehka, grobozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 9,2 x 6,7 x 4,0; ID: 6805/098-009. 323 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE Kompleks 103 (zid I): 6. Frag. ustja lonca z držajema (L 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj svetlordeča, lisasta; znotraj svetlorjava, lisasta; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,7; ID: 6805/103-001. 7. Frag. ustja latvice z vod. razčlenjenim rebrom (La 8a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 6805/103-012. 8. Frag. ustja latvice (La 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlorjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,7; ID: 6805/103-009. 9. Frag. ustja z ostenjem latvice (La 1*); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,7; ID: 6805/103-008. 10. Frag. svitka (S 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: hrapava; barva: svetlordeča; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 8,7 x 5,2 x 3,6; ID: 6805/103-016. Tabla 68 Kompleks 116 (zid I): 1. Lonček z bradavico (Lo 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; Pu= 4,0; Pd= 3,0; v= 7,5; d= 0,7; ID: 6805/116-001. 2. Frag. ostenja ciborija z okrasom vod. rebra ter sledmi rdeče barve in črnega grafitnega premaza (C 1c); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: zglajena; barva: rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 2,0 x 2,8 x 0,6; ID: 6805/116-006. Kompleks 99 (zid I): 3. Frag. ustja latvice z ušescem (La 16a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj siva; znotraj sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,7; ID: 6805/099-003. 2. Frag. svitek (S 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; stihijsko žgano; vel.= 11,7 x 4,5 x 3,6; ID: 6805/099-011. Kompleks 104 (zid III): 5. Frag. ustja lonca (L 17a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj svetlordeča, lisasta; znotraj svetlorjava; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; fragment rekon. Pu= 10,2; ID: 6805/104-001. 6. Frag. ustja latvice z ušescem (La 16a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: siva; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 11,3; ID: 6805/104-008. 7. Frag. ostenja pekve z okrasom razčlenjenih reber (Pe 5b*); prostoročne izdelave; površina: glajena; barva: zunaj bledorjava; znotraj siva, lisasta; mehka, grobozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 7,7 x 8,8 x 1,4; ID: 6805/104-011. 8. Frag. dna (d 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 7,5; ID: 6805/104-014. Kompleks 106 (zid III): 9. Frag. ustja in ostenja buče z vod. kaneliranim vratom (B); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: bledorjava; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu=5,0; ID: 6805/106-002. 10. Frag. ustja z ostenjem sklede (Sk 8); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,0; ID: 6805/106-001. 11. Frag. ostenja latvice z okrasom žlebov (La 21b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva, lisasta; znotraj bledorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,1 x 5,6 x 1,0; ID: 6805/106-007. 12. Frag. pekača prenosne pečke (Pp 1b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: bledorjava; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 17,6; ID: 6805/106-005. 13. Frag. pekača prenosne pečke s frag. držajem (Pp 1c*); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlorjava, lisasta; znotraj rdečkasta, lisasta; mehka, grobozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 20,0; ID: 6805/106-004. Kompleks 109 (zid III): 14. Frag. ustja z ostenjem latvicez okrasom nizov vtisov (La 21); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,7; ID: 6805/109-001. 15. Svitek (S 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: hrapava; barva: svetlordeča, lisasta; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; stihijsko žgano; vel.= 9,6 x 5,3 x 3,1; ID: 6805/109-005. Tabla 69 Kompleks 110 (zid III): 1. Frag. ustja lonca (L 1a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,5; ID: 6805/110-001. 2. Frag. ustja lonca (L 1b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: glajena; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj temnorjava; trda, grobozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,7; ID: 6805/110-002. 3. Frag. ustja lonca (L 1b); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: svetlorjava, lisasta; trda, finozrna-ta faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,1; ID: 6805/110-010. 4. Frag. ustja latvice (La 12); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj bledorjava; znotraj svetlorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,7; ID: 6805/110-011. 5. Frag. ročaja pekve (Pe 4c); prostoročne izdelave; površina: glajena, rahlo porozna; barva: bledorjava, lisasta; trda, grobozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 15,2 x 5,4 x 5,0; ID: 6805/110-029. Kompleks 2 (zid I, II in III): 6. Frag. ustja glinenke (G 5); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva; znotraj sivočrna; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; rekon. Pu= 5,4; ID: 6805/002-001. 7. Frag. ustja latvice (La 12); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlorjava, lisasta; mehka, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,5; ID: 6805/002-005. Kompleks 3 (zid I, II in III): 8. Frag. ustja in frag. ostenja latvice z ušescem (La 9); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlorjava; znotraj svetlordeča, lisasta; mehka, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,5; ID: 6805/003-020. Kompleks 105 (laten: plast a): 9. Pokal (P 2); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; Pu= 7,5; Pd= 4,0; v= 20,5; d= 0,6; ID: 6805/105-003; isto kot 6805/107-003 in 6805/111-011. Kompleks 107 (laten: plast a): 10. Frag. glinenka z okrasom vod. žlebov (G 1); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, zelo finozrnata 324 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; Pu= 5,0; Pd= 4,7; rekon. v= 21,0; d= 0,5; ID: 6805/107-010; isto kot 6805/108-009, 6805/111-004 in 6805/107-045. 11. Frag. glinenka z okrasom vod. žlebov (G 1); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva, lisasta; mehka, zelo finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; Pd= 3,0; ohr. v= 10,5; d= 0,4; ID: 6805/107-005. 12. Frag. ustje in frag. ostenja glinenke s profiliranimi rameni (G 2); izdelano na vretenu; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; Pu= 5,0; vel.2= 7,9 x 5,1 x 0,3; ID: 6805/107-009. Tabla 70 Kompleks 107 (laten: plast a): 1. Frag. ustja lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 35c); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: svetlorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 13,5; ID: 6805/107-001; isto kot 6805/111-050. 2. Frag. ustja lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 35c); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,0; ID: 6805/107-026; isto kot 6805/111-013. 3. Frag. ustja lonca z vod. glavničenim okrasom (L 34a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj svetlordeča; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; vel.= 5,3 x 5,9 x 0,6; rekon. Pu= 12,2; ID: 6805/107-023; isto kot 6805/111-031, morda tudi 6806/117-001. 4. Frag. ustja lonca (L 17a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,1; ID: 6805/107-002. 5. Frag. ustja in frag. ostenja vod. profiliranega pokala (P 3); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; rekon. Pu= 10,5; ID: 6805/107-015; isto kot 6805/108-006 in 6805/111-002. 6. Frag. ustja pokala (P 2); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,0; ID: 6805/107-022. 7. Frag. ustja glinenke (G 5); izdelano na vretenu; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 5,2; ID: 6805/107-011; isto kot 6805/108-005. 8. Frag. ustja z ostenjem pokala (P 1); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 5,0; ID: 6805/107-017. 9. Skleda (Sk 13*); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; Pu= 6,2; Pd= 2,7; v= 9,4; d= 0,4; ID: 6805/107-012; isto kot 6805/108-004 in 6805/111-027. 10. Frag. ostenja sklede (Sk 12); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; vel.= 11,8 x 6,6 x 0,6; ID: 6805/107-004; morda isto kot 6805/111-015. 11. Frag. ostenja lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 35a); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 5,5 x 5,6 x 0,4; ID: 6805/107-038; morda isto kot 6805/111-049. 12. Frag. pokrova (Po 5); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: zunaj rdečkasta, lisasta; znotraj bledorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 12,7; ID: 6805/107-032. 13. Frag. prenosne pečke (Pp 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj bledorjava; znotraj rdečkasta; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 14,0; ID: 6805/107-028. Tabla 71 Kompleks 107 (laten: plast a): 1. Frag. dno (d 20); izdelano na vretenu; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; Pd= 5,5; ID: 6805/107-044; morda isto kot 6805/111-024. 2. Frag. dno (d 20); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; Pd= 4,7; ID: 6805/107-043; isto kot 6805/111-026. 3. Frag. dno lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 35a); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; Pd= 4,4; ohr. v= 4,9; d= 0,4; ID: 6805/107-007. 4. Frag. dna (d 17); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva; znotraj bledorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,0; ID: 6805/107-008. 5. Frag. dna pokala ? (P 3); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rjava, lisasta; znotraj svetlorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 3,0; ID: 6805/107-006. Kompleks 111 (laten: plast a): 6. Frag. ustje z ostenjem profiliranega pokala z okrasom vod. rebra (P 3); izdelano na vretenu; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; Pu= 8,5; ohr. v= 14,3; d= 0,6; ID: 6805/111-001. 7. Frag. ustja pokala (P 2); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; rekon. Pu= 8,0; ID: 6805/111-009; isto kot 6805/108-002. 8. Frag. pokala z vod. profiliranim ostenjem (P 3); izdelano na vretenu; površina: zglajena; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; vel.= 4,6 x 3,2 x 0,3; ID: 6805/111-012. 9. Frag. ustja profiliranega pokala z okrasom vod. žleba na ramenih (P 3); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; rekon. Pu= 5,0; ID: 6805/111-003. 10. Frag. ustja glinenke (G 6); izdelano na vretenu; površina: zglajena; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 4,5; ID: 6805/111-005; morda isto kot 6805/107-036. 11. Frag. ustja in frag. ostenja lonca (L 10); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,0; ID: 6805/111-032. 12. Frag. dna ročke s frag. ročajem (Ro 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: svetlorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pd= 4,3; ID: 6805/111-060. 13. Frag. dna (d 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 4,0; ID: 6805/111-059. 14. Frag. dna z ostenjem (d 19); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: bledorjava, lisasta; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pd= 5,5; ID: 6805/111-021. 15. Frag. pokrova (Po 5); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna; 325 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 12,2; ID: 6805/111-047. 16. Prag. ostenja z žigosanim okrasom (o); izdelano na vre-tenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva; znotraj rdečkasta; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; vel.= 2,7 x 2,8 x 0,7; ID: 6805/111-029. 17. Prag. ostenja s koleščkanim okrasom in vod. žlebom(o); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; vel.= 3,9 x 3,9 x 0,6; ID: 6805/111-028. 18. Prag. svitka z vod. žlebovi (S*); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: siva; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,9 x 2,8 x 2,1; ID: 6805/111-067. Tabla 72 Kompleks 108 (laten: plast b): 1. Prag. ustja pokala (P 2); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; rekon. Pu= 8,0; ID: 6805/108-001. 2. Prag. ustja glinenke z okrasom vod. žlebov (G 10); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 4,6; ID: 6805/108-003. 3. Prag. lonec z glavničenim okrasom (L 35c); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: zunaj rjava, lisasta; znotraj temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; Pu= 4,0; rekon. Pd= 2,6; rekon. v= 9,0; d= 0,3; ID: 6805/108-007; isto kot 6805/111-030. Kompleks 4 (laten: plast b): 4. Prag. ustja lonca (L 10); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rdečkasta, lisasta; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,7; ID: 6805/004-003. 5. Prag. ustja latvice (La 13); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlordeča; znotraj siva; mehka, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,7; ID: 6805/004-006. 6. Kroglasto vretence (Vr 1 ); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: siva; mehka, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 2,1 x 1,4; ID: 6805/004-017. Kompleks 5 (laten: plast b): 7. Prag. ustja lonca (L 38); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,2; ID: 6805/005-002. 8. Prag. ustja lonca (L 37a); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,7; ID: 6805/005-001. 9. Prag. ostenja z okrasom niza odtisov (L 29); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva; znotraj bledorjava, lisasta; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,1 x 3,8 x 0,7; ID: 6805/005-008. 10. Prag. motka (M 2a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: glajena; barva: bledorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 5,5 x 4,1 x 1,2; ID: 6805/005-010. Kompleks 6 (laten: plast b): 11. Prag. dna z ostenjem (d 18); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pd= 4,5; ID: 6805/006-001. Kompleks 7 (laten: plast b): 12. Prag. ustja glinenke (G 5); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 4,0; ID: 6805/007-005. 13. Prag. dna lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 36); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, drobnozr-nata faktura z drobci grafita; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 9,5; ID: 6805/007-011. Kompleks 1 (laten: plast b): 14. Prag. ustja grafitnega lonca (L 36a*); izdelano na vrete-nu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 6805/001-001. 15. Prag. ostenja s žigosanim okrasom in vrezi (o); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,4 x 4,9 x 0,5; ID: 6805/001-011. Kompleks 113 (nasip k zidu II): 16. Prag. ustja lonca (L 1b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,5; ID: 6805/113-001. 17. Prag. ustja lonca z vrezi in bradavico (L 5); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: svetlorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,2; ID: 6805/113-007. Tabla 73 Kompleks 90 (zid I): 1. Prag. ustja lonca z okrasom vod. razčlenjenega rebra (L 3b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sve-tlorjava, lisasta; znotraj temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,2; ID: 6808/090-001. 2. Prag. ustja lonca (L 14a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 8,9; ID: 6808/090-003. 3. Prag. ustja z ostenjem sklede (Sk 7); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,5; ID: 6808/090-002; isto kot 6808/091-007. 4. Prag. ostenja z okrasom reber (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; vel.= 3,5 x 3,7 x 0,9; ID: 6808/090-011. 5. Prag. ročaja pekve z bradavico (Pe 8a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 4,5 x 2,1 x 1,6; ID: 6808/090-021. 6. Prag. motka (M 2a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: glajena; barva: zunaj svetlorjava; znotraj svetlordeča; trda, drob-nozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 4,4 x 4,0 x 1,2; ID: 6808/090-023. 7. Sodčasto vretence (Vr 4 ); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: bledorjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,8 x 3,2; ID: 6808/090-025. Kompleks 89 (zid I in II): 8. Prag. ustja latvice (La 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 12,2; ID: 6808/089-005. Kompleks 91 (zid III): 9. Prag. ustja latvice s poševno fasetiranimi rameni (La 19a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,5; ID: 6808/091-042. 10. Prag. ostenja s podkvasto nalepko (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: bledorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 3,5 x 5,8 x 1,0; ID: 6808/091-043. 326 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE 11. Frag. dna z ostenjem (d 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 5,0; ID: 6808/091-044. 12. Frag. dna lonca na nogi (n); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj siva; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pd= 4,5; ID: 6808/091-045. 13. Bikonično vretence (Vr 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rdečkasta; mehka, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 2,8 x 2,6; ID: 6808/091-047. 14. Bikonično vretence (Vr 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 2,8 x 2,4; ID: 6808/091-046. Kompleks 92 (zid III): 15. Frag. pekača prenosne pečke z okrasom vod. žleba (Pp 2c); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 15,0; ID: 6808/092-023. 16. Frag. dna (d 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlorjava; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 3,8; ID: 6808/092-026. Kompleks 93 (latenska plast): 17. Frag. ostenja lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 34a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj siva; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 5,1 x 4,1 x 1,0; ID: 6808/093-012. 18. Bikonično vretence (Vr 2a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,0 x 1,9; ID: 6808/093-025. Tabla 74 Kompleks 94 (latenska plast): 1. Frag. ustja glinenke (G 5); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; rekon. Pu= 7,2; ID: 6808/094-001. 2. Frag. dna (d 19); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pd= 5,0; ID: 6808/094-014. 3. Vbočeno dno glinenke ? (d 21); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; Pd= 3,5; ohr. v= 2,1; d= 0,4; ID: 6808/094-013. 4. Frag. dna lonca-cedila (pos. obl. 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: bledorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 4,7; ID: 6808/094-020. 5. Frag. ostenja lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 34a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,3 x 6,8 x 0,8; ID: 6808/094-009. 6. Frag. diskasto vretence (Vr 6 ); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: svetlorjava, lisasta; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 4,7 x 1,6 x 2,0; ID: 6808/094-023. 7. Frag. frnikola (Vr 1*); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 2,2 x 2,1 x 1,5; ID: 6808/094-024. Kompleks 86 (nasip k zidu II): 8. Frag. ostenja latvice z vrezanim okrasom (La 21a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 2,9 x 3,9 x 0,8; ID: 6808/086-018. 9. Frag. ostenja s koleščkanim okrasom (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj siva; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 2,6 x 3,9 x 0,7; ID: 6808/086-017. 10. Frag. dna (d 7); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlordeča; znotraj površina sivočrna; trda, finozr-nata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 5,0; ID: 6808/086-025. Kompleks 87 (nasip k zidu III): 11. Frag. dna (d 6); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pd= 6,5; ID: 6808/087-007. Sonda 10: Kompleks 12 (zid I): 12. Frag. ustja latvice (La 12); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 12,2; ID: 6910/012-003. 13. Frag. ostenja grafitnega lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 36); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: siva; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 10,2 x 6,5 x 0,8; ID: 6910/012-005. 14. Profilirano vretence (Vr 5 ); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,6 x 2,8; ID: 6910/012-011. Kompleks 1 (neopredeljeno): 15. Frag. ustja lonca (L 38); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,7; ID: 6910/001-003. 16. Frag. ustja glinenke (G 6); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 7,0; ID: 6910/001-001. 17. Frag. ustja sklede (Sk 7); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 6910/001-005. 18. Frag. dna (d 19); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; rekon. Pd= 3,5; ID: 6910/001-021. 19. Frag. ostenja lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 35a); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 9,5 x 3,5 x 0,9; ID: 6910/001-016. 20. Črepinjska utež (Vr 7a) iz fragmenta posode izdelane na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva, lisasta; znotraj svetlorjava; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3.4 x 4,5 x 0,7; ID: 6910/001-028. Kompleks 11 (plast k zidu I): 21. Frag. ostenja pekve z okrasom vod. razčlenjenega rebra (Pe 5b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj svetlorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 3,3 x 2,8 x 0,9; ID: 6910/011-005. Kompleks 8 (nasip k zidu II): 22. Frag. ostenja z vrezanim okrasom (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlorjava; znotraj sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 5,5 x 4.5 x 0,9; ID: 6910/008-002. 327 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE Tabla 75 Kompleks 2 (zid III in latenska plast): 1. Frag. ustja lonca (L 41a); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: svetlosiva; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 15,0; ID: 6915/002-001. Kompleks 24 (zid I in nasip k zidu II): 2. Frag. ustja lonca z vtisi (L 30); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 4,8 x 3,0 x 0,7; ID: 6915/024-003; morda isto kot 7422/006-001. Kompleks 40 (nasip k zidu II, III in latenska plast): 3. Frag. ustja lonca (L 37a); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 13,5; ID: 6915/040-001. Sonda 21: Kompleks 12 (zid II): 4. Frag. ustja latvice (La 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,7; ID: 7421/012-004. 5. Frag. vrat prenosne pečke z žlebljenim okrasom (Pp 2d); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlorjava, lisasta; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 6,8 x 5,8 x 1,4; ID: 7421/012-005. Kompleks 13 (zid II): 6. Frag. ustja latvice (La 11); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,0; ID: 7421/013-001. Kompleks 16 (zid II): 7. Frag. ustja latvice z vod. kaneliranimi rameni (La 20b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rjava; znotraj svetlorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,2; ID: 7421/016-001. Kompleks 17 (zid II): 8. Frag. pladnja z okrasom vod. razčlenjenih reber (Pl 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlorjava; znotraj bledorjava; trda, grobozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. P= 13,7; v= 4,7; ID: 7421/017-004; isto kot 7421/021-002. 9. Frag. pekve (Pe 1a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gla-jena; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj svetlorjava, lisasta; trda, grobozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 13,7; ID: 7421/017-001; morda isto kot 7421/012-009, 7421/013-003 in 7421/018-002. Kompleks 10 (nasip k zidu II, III in latenska plast): 10. Frag. ustja lonca (L 43); dodelano na vretenu; površina: hrapava; barva: zunaj rdečkasta; znotraj bledorjava, lisasta; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,1; ID: 7421/010-001. 11. Frag. dna (d 19); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; rekon. Pd= 4,5; ID: 7421/010-008. Tabla 76 Kompleks 7a (zid II): 1. Frag. bikonično vretence (Vr 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,8 x 3,7 x 3,7; ID: 7420/007-002. Kompleks 8 (zid II): 2. Frag. živalska glavica z ročaja skodele (Sk 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; vel.= 2,8 x 2,2 x 1,8; ID: 7320/008-005. Kompleks 32 (zid II): 3. Frag. ustja lonca (L 37a); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj rjava; znotraj temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 12,2; ID: 7320/032-001. Kompleks 60 (zid II): 4. Frag. ustja sklede s poševno nažlebljenim ostenjem (Sk 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlorjava, lisasta; znotraj rjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,4; ID: 7320/060-001. Kompleks 2a (zid II): 5. Frag. latvice z okrasom vod. vreza (La 15b*); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,2; ID: 7420/002-001. Kompleks 3a (zid II): 6. Frag. ustja latvice (La 12); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,2; ID: 7420/003-001. Kompleks 4a (zid II): 7. Frag. ustja z ostenjem latvice s frag. ušescem (La 10); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 9,5; ID: 7420/004-001. 8. Frag. ustja latvice (La 11); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 7420/004-002. Kompleks 2 (zid II): 9. Frag. ustja lonca (L 10a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva, lisasta; znotraj svetlordeča; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,5; ID: 7320/002-001. Kompleks 1 (zid III in latenska plast): 10. Frag. ostenja z žigosanim okrasom (o); izdelano na vre-tenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; vel.= 3,3 x 2,8 x 0,4; ID: 7320/001-004. Kompleks 5 (zid III in latenska plast): 11. Frag. ustja glinenke (G 6); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 5,5; ID: 7320/005-002. Kompleks 6 (zid III in latenska plast): 12. Frag. lonec z glavničenim okrasom (L 35c); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano; Pu= 8,7; Pd= 6,5; rekon. v= 20,7; d= 0,5; ID: 7320/006-002. 328 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE 13. Frag. pekve z okrasom vtisov (Pe 6); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlorjava; znotraj svetlorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 2,8 x 1,9 x 0,7; ID: 7320/006-001. Kompleks 28 (nasip k zidu II): 14. Frag. ustja latvice (La 11); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,2; ID: 7320/028-001. Tabla 77 Kompleks 11 (hiša 1): 1. Frag. ustja pithosa (Pi 2a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 15,0; ID: 7218/011-004. 2. Frag. ustja lonca (L 14a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: površina svetlordeča, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 13,0; ID: 7218/011-001. 3. Frag. ostenja lonca z okrasom nizov vtisov (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; vel.= 10,2 x 6,4 x 0,8; ID: 7218/011-003; isto kot 7218/028-007. 4. Frag. ustja sklede z nagubanim ostenjem (Sk 10); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 5,0; ID: 7218/011-002. Kompleks 24 (hiša 1): 5. Frag. ustja latvice (La 15b); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 7,2; ID: 7218/024-001. Kompleks 9 (hiša 1): 6. Noga ciborija s skromnimi sledmi rdeče barve (C 3); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; Pn= 7,8; ohr. v= 6,9; d= 0,7; ID: 7218/009-001. Kompleks 23 (hiša 1): 7. Frag. ustja lonca s sledmi sivega grafitnega premaza (L 17a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj svetlorjava; znotraj siva; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 13,4; ID: 7218/023-002. 8. Frag. ustja latvice z vod. fasetiranimi rameni (La 19b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlorjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,8; ID: 7218/023-003. 9. Frag. ustja ročke z vrezanim okrasom (Ro 1*); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rjava; znotraj svetlorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 5,0; ID: 7218/023-001; isto kot 7218/022-005. 10. Frag. ostenja pithosa z okrasom vod. rebra in sledmi rdeče barve (Pi 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj bledorjava; znotraj siva; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 5,2 x 7,3 x 1,4; ID: 7218/023-005. 11. Frag. ostenja z okrasom nizov vbodov in vrezi (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,5 x 3,7 x 0,7; ID: 7218/023-004. 12. Frag. ročaj pekve (Pe 4d); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 5,8 x 3,0 x 1,4; ID: 7218/023-006. Kompleks 22 (hiša 1): 13. Frag. ostenja z okrasom nizov vtisov in sledmi črnega (smolnatega) premaza (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 6,8 x 10,6 x 1,0; ID: 7218/022-001. 14. Frag. svitka (S 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel2= 7,1 x 3,6 x 3,9; ID: 7218/022-004. Kompleks 21 (hiša 1): 15. Frag. ostenja z žigosanim okrasom in vrezi (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj rjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; vel.= 4,8 x 3,7 x 0,6; ID: 7218/021-002; morda isto kot 7218/017-009, 7218/021-001, 7218/021-003 in 7218/021-004. 16. Frag. ostenja z žigosanim okrasom in vrezi (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj rjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; vel.= 4,8 x 3,4 x 0,5; ID: 7218/021-003; morda isto kot 7218/017-009 in 7218/021-001, 7218/021-002 in 7218/021-004. 17. Frag. ostenja z žigosanim okrasom in vrezi (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj rjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; vel.= 5,5 x 4,1 x 0,7; ID: 7218/021-001; morda isto kot 7218/017-009 in 7218/021-002, 7218/021-003, 7218/021-004. Tabla 78 Kompleks 25 (hiša 2): 1. Frag. vod. kaneliranega ustja pithosa (Pi 2a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva, lisasta; znotraj svetlordeča, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 18,0; ID: 7218/025-001. 2. Frag. ustja lonca z vod. kaneliranimi rameni (L 33); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: zglajena, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj bledorjava, lisasta; znotraj siva, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 7218/025-004. 3. Frag. ustja lonca z vod. kaneliranimi rameni (L 33); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj rdeča; znotraj rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,2; ID: 7218/025-030. 4. Frag. ustja latvice (La 15b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: bledorjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 12,0; ID: 7218/025-009. 5. Frag. ustja latvice (La 15a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlosiva; znotraj bledorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,5; ID: 7218/025-010. 6. Frag. ustja pokrova (Po 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva; znotraj bledorjava, lisasta; mehka, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,5; ID: 7218/025-012. 7. Frag. noge ciborija (C 3); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: bledorjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pn= 7,5; ID: 7218/025-031. 8. Frag. dna (d 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj bledorjava; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 7,0; ID: 7218/025-026. 9. Črepinjska ploščica (Čp) iz frag. posode prostoročne izdelave s sledmi črne barve; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 4,4 x 4,3 x 1,3; ID: 7218/025-002. 329 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE Kompleks 27 (hiša 2): 10. Frag. vod. kaneliranega ustja pithosa s sledmi rdeče barve (Pi 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: svetlordeča; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 12,5; ID: 7218/027-001. 11. Frag. ustja latvice (La 11); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva, lisasta; znotraj bledorjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,0; ID: 7218/027-003. 12. Frag. ustja z ostenjem sklede s sledmi grafitnega premaza (Sk 6*); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,0; ID: 7218/027-002. 13. Frag. noge z okrasom vod. žlebov (n 2a); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: svetlordeča, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 7,7 x 5,8 x 1,0; ID: 7218/027-004. 14. Frag. ostenja ciborija z okrasom vod. rebra ter sledmi rdeče barve in grafitnega premaza (C 1c); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: svetlorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 3,4 x 4,0 x 0,7; ID: 7218/027-006. 15. Frag. ostenja pithosa z okrasom vod. rebra ter sledmi rdeče in črne barve (Pi 2); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlordeča; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 3,4 x 4,2 x 0,8; ID: 7218/027-005. 16. Frag. ostenja pithosa z držajem (Pi 1a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 6,6 x 4,5 x 0,7; ID: 7218/027-018. 17. Frag. ročaja pekve (Pe 4f); prostoročne izdelave; površina: glajena, rahlo porozna; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, grobozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 6,7 x 4,4 x 2,6; ID: 7218/027-007. 18. Frag. vbočenega dna (d 15*); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 7,6 x 6,6 x 0,7; rekon. Pd= 2,0; ID: 7218/027-024. Tabla 79 Kompleks 5 (Lt zid 1: plast b): 1. Frag. ustja lonca (L 37a); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj rjava; znotraj temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,7; ID: 7218/005-001. 2. Frag. ustja lonca (L 37a); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,5; ID: 7218/005-002. 3. Frag. ostenja "megarske skodelice" (imp.); izdelano v kalupu; površina: gladka; barva: rdečkasta; mehka, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 2,3 x 1,5 x 0,3; ID: 7218/005-017. Kompleks 17 (Lt zid 1: plast b): 4. Frag. ustja z ostenjem latvice (La 5); prostoročne izdelave ; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,7; ID: 7218/017-001. Kompleks 8 (Lt zid 1: plast b): 5. Frag. ustja glinenke (G 9); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; rekon. Pu= 9,5; ID: 7218/008-001. 6. Frag. dna kozarca (imp.); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: rdeča; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 1,3; ID: 7218/008-011. Kompleks 16 (Lt zid 1: plast b): 7. Frag. ostenja lonca z metličenim okrasom (L 34b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj sivočrna, lisasta; znotraj temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 7,4 x 5,1 x 0,6; ID: 7218/016-002; isto kot 7218/018-001. Kompleks 15 (Lt zid 1: plast c in Lt zid 2): 8. Frag. ustja glinenke (G 7); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 7,5; ID: 7218/015-001; isto kot 7218/016-001. 9. Frag. ustja lonca (L 14b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj svetlorjava; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,1; ID: 7218/015-003. 10. Frag. ustja pokrova (Po 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: bledorjava, lisasta; mehka, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 7218/015-006. 11. Frag. pekve z okrasom vod. vrezov (Pe 6); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj bledorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 5,3 x 3,2 x 0,9; ID: 7218/015-005. 12. Frag. dna (d 19); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; mehka, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; rekon. Pd= 5,0; ID: 7218/015-015. 13. Frag. dna (d 19); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlorjava; znotraj svetlordeča; mehka, zelo finozr-nata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 4,9; ID: 7218/015-014. Tabla 80 Kompleks 4 (Lt zid 1: plast b, c in Lt zid 2): 1. Frag. ustja lonca z glavničenim okrasom na ostenju (L 35a); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 16,0; ID: 7218/004-002. 2. Frag. ustja lonca (L 38); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj svetlorjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 13,3; ID: 7218/004-001. 3. Frag. ustja lonca (L 40); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,0; ID: 7218/004-013; morda isto kot 7218/005-003. 4. Frag. ustja glinenke (G 7a); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva; znotraj svetlosiva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; rekon. Pu= 13,0; ID: 7218/004-006. 5. Frag. ustja glinenke (G 9a); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 7218/004-007. 6. Frag. ustja skodelice s sledmi črnega premaza (imp.); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: rdečkasta; mehka, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 2,6 x 1,9 x 0,5; ID: 7218/004-042. 7. Frag. dna skodelice (imp.); izdelano na vretenu; površina: hrapava; barva: svetlordeča; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 2,0; ID: 7218/004-041. 330 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE Kompleks 3 (Lt zid 2): 8. Prag. ročaja skodele (Sk 2a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 5,6 x 3,6 x 1,1; ID: 7218/003-002. Kompleks 6 (Lt zid 2): 9. Bikonično vretence z vrezanim okrasom (Vr 2a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: temnor-java; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 2,3 x 1,5; ID: 7218/006-010. Kompleks 14 (Lt zid 2): 10. Prag. dna lonca z metličenim okrasom (L 34b**); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 4,5; ID: 7218/014-001. Kompleks 7 (Lt zid 2): 11. Prag. ustja latvice z ušescem (La 16); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlosiva; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,5; ID: 7218/007-001. 12. Prag. ustja glinenke z okrasom vod. žleba (G 10*); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 3,0; ID: 7218/007-005. 13. Prag. dna glinenke (d 19); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlorjava; znotraj bledorjava; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 5,0; ID: 7218/007-003. 14. Prag. dna z ostenjem kozarca (imp.); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlordeča; znotraj rjava; mehka, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 1,5; ID: 7218/007-002. Kompleks 1 (neopredeljeno): 15. Prag. ustja lonca s sledmi črnega (smolnatega) premaza (L 41b); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,5; ID: 7218/001-001; isto kot 7218/017-002. Kompleks 28 (neopredeljeno): 16. Prag. ustja glinenke (G 8); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj svetlorjava; trda, zelo fino-zrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 7117/028-001. 17. Prag. ustja grafitnega lonca z luknjica od popravila (L 36a*); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; mehka, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 5,9 x 3,1 x 0,8; ID: 7117/028-002. Tabla 81 Kompleks 41 (hiša 2): 1. Prag. ustja lonca (L 15); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,8; ID: 7219/041-015. 2. Prag. ustja lonca (L 1b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj bledorjava; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,0; ID: 7219/041-016. 3. Prag. ustja vrča z ročajem (V 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: siva; mehka, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,5; ID: 7219/041-014. 4. Prag. ustja in frag. dna z ostenjem latvice (La 11a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,3; ID: 7219/041-019; rekon. Pd= 3,0; ID: 7219/041-023. 5. Prag. ustja z ostenjem latvice (La 14); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlosiva; znotraj rdečkasta; mehka, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,9; ID: 7219/041-018. 6. Prag. dno in frag. ostenja pithosa z držajem (Pi 1a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; Pd= 10,0; ID: 7219/041-001. 7. Dno z ostenjem (d 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; Pd= 4,3; ohr. v= 5,8; d= 0,9; ID: 7219/041-002. 8. Prag. pekve (Pe 1a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: glaje-na; barva: zunaj rjava, lisasta; znotraj bledorjava; trda, grobozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 17,0; ID: 7219/041-003. 9. Prag. pekve (Pe 1a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva; znotraj rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 15,0; ID: 7219/041-007. 10. Prag. pekve (Pe 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: glajena; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj rjava; trda, grobozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 13,0; ID: 7219/041-017. 11. Prag. ostenja in frag. ročaja pekve z bradavicama (Pe 8b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. P= 10,6; ID: 7219/041-021. 12. Prag. ročaja pekve (Pe 4f); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 7,3 x 4,0 x 2,5; ID: 7219/041-022. 13. Prag. ostenja pekve z okrasom vod. razčlenjenega rebra (Pe 5b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rdečkasta; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,8 x 4,4 x 1,9; ID: 7219/041-020. 14. Črepinjska ploščica (Čp); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: svetlorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 6,0 x 6,2 x 0,9; ID: 7219/041-024. 15. Prag. svitka (S 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rdečkasta; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 5,6 x 4,0 x 3,8; ID: 7219/041-026. 16. Prag. bikonično vretence (Vr 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; vel.= 3,2 x 3,1 x 1,6; ID: 7219/041-025. Tabla 82 Kompleks 38 (hiša 1): 1. Prag. ustja lonca z bradavicama (L 5); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,4; ID: 7219/038-001. 2. Prag. dno (d 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rjava; znotraj svetlorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; Pd= 3,6; ID: 7219/038-003. 3. Prag. ročaja pekve z bradavicama (Pe 8b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rdečkasta, lisasta; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 8,4 x 5,8 x 2,8; ID: 7219/038-002. 4. Prag. ročaja pekve z bradavicama (Pe 8b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drob-nozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 6,3 x 2,5 x 2,0; ID: 7219/038-005. Kompleks 39 (hiša 1): 5. Prag. svitka z vtisom (S 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; stihijsko žgano; vel.= 10,0 x 4,1 x 3,6; ID: 7219/039-007. 331 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE Kompleks 29 (hiša 3): 6. Frag. vod. fasetiranega ustja pithosa in frag. ostenja z okrasom vod. rebra ter sledmi rdeče in črne barve (Pi 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: bledorjava, lisasta; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 17,5; ID: 7219/029-001. 7. Frag. ustja ciborija in frag. ostenja z okrasom vod. rebra ter sledmi rdeče barve in črnega grafitnega premaza (C 1b); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj bledorjava; znotraj svetlordeča, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,0; ID: 7219/029-002. 8. Frag. ustja lonca z okrasom vod. žlebov (L 32); prostoročne izdelave; površina: hrapava; barva: siva; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 5,0; ID: 7219/029-004; isto kot 7219/032-041. Kompleks 31 (hiša 3): 9. Frag. ustja ciborija s sledmi rdeče barve in črnega grafitnega premaza(C 2c); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj bledorjava; znotraj svetlosiva; trda, finozr-nata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,2; ID: 7219/031-012. 10. Frag. ustja lonca (L 23); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 5,5; ID: 7219/031-003. 11. Frag. pekve z okrasom rebra (Pe 6); prostoročne izdelave; površina: glajena; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 13,0; ID: 7219/031-001. 12. Frag. zaključek ognjiščne koze ? (Ok 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 10,7 x 6,6 x 3,1; ID: 7219/031-010. 12. Frag. svitka (S 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 8,3 x 4,2 x 3,5; ID: 7219/031-011. Tabla 83 Kompleks 32 (hiša 3): 1. Frag. vod. kaneliranega ustja pithosa, frag. dna in frag. ostenja z okrasom vod. reber ter sledmi rdeče in črne grafitne barve (Pi 2); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj bledorjava, lisasta; znotraj siva, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 16,5; rekon. Pd= 9,3; ID: 7219/032025; morda isto kot 7219/032-008, 7219/032-002 in 7219/032-021. 2. Frag. ustja in frag. ostenja ciborija z okrasom vod. rebra ter sledmi rdeče barve in črnega grafitnega premaza (C 1); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: zglajena; barva: bledorjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,0; ID: 7219/032-026; morda isto kot 7219/019-002. 3. Frag. ostenja ciborija z okrasom vod. reber ter sledmi rdeče barve in črnega grafitnega premaza (C 1a); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlorjava; znotraj bledorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksida-cijsko žgano; vel.= 10,2 x 7,5 x 0,8; ID: 7219/032-035; isto kot 7219/032-019, morda tudi 7219/032-007. 4. Frag. ostenja ciborija z okrasom rebra ter sledmi rdeče barve in sivega grafitnega premaza (C 1a); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlorjava, lisasta; znotraj siva, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 8,9 x 5,8 x 0,8; ID: 7219/032-007; isto kot 7219/029-003. 5. Frag. ustja z ostenjem lonca (L 14a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj bledorjava, lisasta; znotraj siva, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,1; ID: 7219/032-031. 6. Frag. ustja z ostenjem lonca (L 14b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: glajena; barva: svetlorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,0; ID: 7219/032-032. 7. Frag. ustja in frag. ostenja lonca z držajem (L 4*); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,5; ID: 7219/032-030. 8. Frag. ustja latvice (La 6); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,0; ID: 7219/032-034. 9. Frag. ustja latvice (La 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: svetlordeča; zelo trda, finozrnata faktura; oksida-cijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,5; ID: 7219/032-033. 10. Frag. ustja in frag.ostenja latvice (La 12); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,7; ID: 7219/032-005;. Tabla 84 Kompleks 32 (hiša 3): 1. Frag. dna (d 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 6,3; ID: 7219/032-036. 2. Dno z ostenjem (d 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; Pd= 5,5; ohr. v= 6,7; d= 0,8; ID: 7219/032-037; isto kot 7219/027-004 in 7219/029-008. 3. Frag. dna (d 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva, lisasta; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 5,7; ID: 7219/032-013. 4. Frag. vrat in podstavka prenosne pečke (Pp 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rjava, lisasta; znotraj svetlorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. P= 17,0; ID: 7219/032-027. 5. Frag. pekve (Pe 2a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: hrapava; barva: siva; trda, grobozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 15,7; ID: 7219/032-028. 6. Frag. ostenja pekve (Pe 3a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: glajena; barva: svetlorjava; trda, grobozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. P= 11,0; ID: 7219/032-029. 7. Frag. svitka (S 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; stihijsko žgano; vel.= 10,3 x 4,8 x 3,1; ID: 7219/032-042. 8. Frag. svitka (S 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 7,6 x 4,2 x 2,9; ID: 7219/032-043. Kompleks 28 (hiša 3): 9. Frag. ostenja sklede (Sk 6); prostoročne izdelave; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 7,8 x 5,1 x 0,6; ID: 7219/028-001. Kompleks 30 (hiša 3): 10. Frag. ustja in ostenja latvice z ušescem (La 9); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,4; ID: 7219/030-005. Tabla 85 Kompleks 11 (hiša 4): 1. Frag. ustja lonca (L 42a); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,1; ID: 7219/011-005. 2. Frag. ostenja z žigosanimi okrasom (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rdečkasta; znotraj svetlordeča, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.2= 4,4 x 3,2 x 0,8; vel.2a= 4,0 x 4,7 x 1,2; ID: 7219/011-008; isto kot 7219/012-002. 332 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE 3. Frag. ostenja z okrasom vod. rebra (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj svetlosiva; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,5 x 6,7 x 0,9; ID: 7219/011-007. Kompleks 20 (hiša 4): 4. Frag. ustja ciborija (C 2d); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj bledorjava, lisasta; znotraj siva, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,0; ID: 7219/020-001. 5. Frag. ostenja z žigosanim okrasom, vrezom in nizi vtisov (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: bledorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 6,1 x 5,6 x 0,8; ID: 7219/020-002. Kompleks 12 (hiša 4): 6. Frag. ustja in frag. ostenja lonca z žigosanim okrasom, vrezi in nizi vtisov (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,0; ID: 7219/012-001; morda isto kot 7219/007-001, 7219/011-001 in 7219/012-001; isto kot 7219/011-009 (6a) in 7219/008-002 (6b), morda tudi isto kot 7219/008-004. 7. Frag. ostenja z žigosanim okrasom in nizom vtisov (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj siva; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,9 x 5,4 x 0,8; ID: 7219/012-003. 8 Frag. svitka (S 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: hrapava; barva: siva; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 8,5 x 5,1 x 3,6; ID: 7219/012-004. Kompleks 10 (hiša 4): 9. Frag. dna (d 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rjava; znotraj temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 6,5; ID: 7219/010-001; isto kot 7219/023-004. Kompleks 19 (hiša 4): 10. Frag. ustja sklede z žlebljenim okrasom (Sk 14*); izdelano na vretenu; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 2,3 x 2,7 x 0,4; ID: 7219/019-001. Kompleks 7 (Lt zid 1): 11. Frag. dna grafitnega lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 36); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; mehka, finozr-nata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 4,0; ID: 7219/007-005. Kompleks 6 (Lt zid 1): 12. Frag. ustja grafitnega lonca z glavničenim okrasom in vod. žlebom (L 36b); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,5; ID: 7219/006-001. Tabla 86 Kompleks 16 (Lt zid 1): 1. Frag. ustja grafitnega lonca (L 36a**); dodelano na vre-tenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 13,7; ID: 7219/016-002. 2. Frag. ustja lonca (L 39b); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,7; ID: 7219/016-016. 3. Frag. ustja lonca (L 14b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,2; ID: 7219/016-008. 4. Frag. ustja lonca (L 14b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,0; ID: 7219/016-009. 5. Frag. ustja z ostenjem sklede (Sk 12); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 7219/016-001. 6. Frag. ostenja lonca z metličenim okrasom (L 34b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 5,8 x 3,2 x 0,8; ID: 7219/016-003. Kompleks 26 (Lt zid 1): 7. Frag. lonec z glavničenim okrasom, vod. rebrom in kanelurami na dnu(L 35c*); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; Pu= 17,7; Pd= 12,5; rekon. v= 48,5; d= 0,9; ID: 7219/026-001; isto kot 7219/025-002 in 7219/033-008. 8. Frag. pladnja z okrasom vod. razčlenjenega rebra (Pl 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 13,0; v= 3,3; d= 1,3; ID: 7219/026-002. Kompleks 23 (Lt zid 1): 9. Frag. ostenja lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 34a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj sivočrna; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,8 x 4,8 x 1,2; ID: 7219/023-001. 10. Frag. dna grafitnega lonca z okrasom vod. žlebov (d 16a*); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva; znotraj sivočrna; mehka, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 5,0; ID: 7219/023-002; isto kot 7219/2-12. Kompleks 25 (Lt zid 1): 11. Frag. ustja glinenke (G 5); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 6,1; ID: 7219/025-001; isto kot 7219/021-001. Kompleks 36 (Lt zid 1): 12. Frag. ustja grafitnega lonca z glavničenim okrasom in vod. žlebom (L 36a); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 7219/036-001. Kompleks 37 (Lt zid 1): 13. Frag. ustja latvice (La 14); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna, lisasta; znotraj siva; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 7219/037-001. Tabla 87 Kompleks 5 (Lt zid 1): 1. Frag. ustja glinenke (G 8); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; rekon. Pu= 9,6; ID: 7219/005-002. 2. Frag. ustja lonca (L 22a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 5,6; ID: 7219/005-003. 3. Frag. skleda (Sk 12); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; Pu= 11,0; rekon. Pd= 5,0; v= 13,5; d= 0,6; ID: 7219/005-001. 333 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE 4. Prag. dna (d 20); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; rekon. Pd= 4,6; ID: 7219/005-004. 5. Prag. vbočenega dna pokala (P 4); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; rekon. Pd= 4,5; ID: 7219/005-005. Kompleks 14 (Lt zid 2: plast a): 6. Prag. ustja lonca (L 17a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,5; ID: 7219/014-001. 7. Prag. ustja pokala s skromnimi sledmi črnega (smolnatega) premaza (P 2*); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,4; ID: 7219/014-005. 8. Prag. dna (d 17); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 7,7; ID: 7219/014-004. 9. Prag. ostenja lonca z metličenim okrasom (L 34b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlorjava, lisasta; znotraj temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.1= 9,1 x 9,7 x 0,7ID: 7219/014-002. 10. Prag. ostenja lonca z metličenim okrasom (L 34b**); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 5,1 x 2,8 x 1,0; ID: 7219/014-003. Kompleks 4 (Lt zid 2: plast a): 11. Prag. ostenja lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 35b); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj svetlorjava; znotraj siva; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,7 x 3,4 x 0,8; ID: 7219/004-001. 12. Diskasto vretence s sledmi črnega (smolnatega) premaza (Vr 6 ); prostoročne izdelave; površina: glajena; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,0 x 2,2; ID: 7219/004-003. Kompleks 2 (Lt zid 2: plast b): 13. Prag. profiliranega ostenja z žigosanim okrasom (o); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; vel.= 2,8 x 3,1 x 0,6; ID: 7219/002-010. 14. Prag. ročaja pekve (Pe 4f); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksida-cijsko žgano; vel.= 4,5 x 3,4 x 2,0; ID: 7219/002-011. Kompleks 3 (Lt zid 2: plast b): 15. Črepinjska utež (Vr 7 ); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj temnorjava; trda, drobno-zrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; vel.= 5,0 x 5,3 x 1,1; ID: 7219/003-003. Kompleks 13 (Lt zid 2: plast b): 16. Prag. ustja glinenke (G 5); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj bledorjava; znotraj siva, lisasta; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 5,0; ID: 7219/013-001. 17. Prag. ostenja grafitnega lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 36); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,8 x 4,5 x 0,9; ID: 7219/013-003. 18. Črepinjska ploščica (Čp) iz frag. posode izdelane na vre-tenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna, lisasta; znotraj siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksi-dacije s končno redukcijo; vel.= 6,1 x 6,2 x 0,8; ID: 7219/013-002. 19. Prag. svitka (S 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; stihijsko žgano; vel.= 8,8 x 3,2 x 2,9; ID: 7219/013-007. Kompleks 34 (Lt zid 2: plast b): 20. Prag. ustja grafitnega lonca (L 36a*); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 2,3 x 2,7 x 0,8; rekon. Pu= 7,5; ID: 7219/034-001. 21. Prag. ostenja lonca z metličenim okrasom (L 34b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rjava; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,6 x 3,3 x 0,6; ID: 7219/034-002. Kompleks 35 (Lt zid 2: plast b): 22. Prag. vrat prenosne pečke z okrasom razčlenjenega rebra(Pp 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 6,5 x 5,1 x 1,7; ID: 7219/035-001. Kompleks 42 (neopredeljeno): 23. Prag. ostenja glinenke z okrasom vod. žlebov (G 1); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; vel.= 7,7 x 6,7 x 0,5; ID: 7219/042-003. Tabla 88 Kompleks 14 (Lt zid 1: plast a): 1. Prag. ustja pithosa z okrasom vod. rebra (Pi 3); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; rekon. Pu= 8,0; ID: 6909/014-004. 2. Prag. ustja lonca (L 42); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj rjava; znotraj temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,5; ID: 6909/014-003. 3. Prag. ostenja glinenke s profiliranimi rameni in okrasom vod. rebra (G 3); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva; znotraj sivočrna; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 11,6 x 9,9 x 0,5; ID: 6909/014-009; isto kot 6909/015-015. 4. Prag. ustja z ostenjem glinenke (G 7); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 3,6; ID: 6909/014-005. 5. Prag. ostenja lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 34a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 6,6 x 4,3 x 1,0; ID: 6909/014-014; morda isto kot 6909/007-008. 6. Prag. ostenja lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 34a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 5,7 x 3,3 x 0,9; ID: 6909/014-013. 7. Prag. diskasto vretence (Vr 6); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,2 x 2,3 x 2,5; ID: 6909/014-019. Kompleks 18 (Lt zid 1: plast a): 8. Prag. ustja lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 35d); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,5; ID: 6909/018-001. 9. Prag. ostenja lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 34a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj 334 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE svetlorjava, lisasta; znotraj rjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 6,2 x 6,2 x 0,7; ID: 6909/018-009; isto kot 6909/015-016. 10. Frag. diskasto vretence (Vr 6 ); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,1 x 2,0 x 2,2; ID: 6909/018-012. Kompleks 15 (Lt zid 1: plast a): 11. Frag. ustja lonca (L 38); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,7; ID: 6909/015-006. 12. Frag. ustja lonca z vod. kaneliranimi rameni (L 42a); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj rjava; znotraj siva; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,7; ID: 6909/015-007. 13. Frag. ustja glinenke (G 9); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; rekon. Pu= 8,5; ID: 6909/015-001. 14. Frag. ostenja z žigosanim okrasom (o); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; vel.= 3,9 x 4,1 x 0,8; ID: 6909/015-012; isto kot 6909/016-003. Kompleks 19 (Lt zid 1: plast a): 15. Frag. ustja z ostenjem lonca (L 11a); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 14,0; ID: 6909/019-001. Kompleks 17 (Lt zid 1: plast a): 16. Frag. ustja z ostenjem lonca (L 37a); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 6909/017-001. 17. Frag. prstanastega dna (d 22*); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 3,5; ID: 6909/017-008. Kompleks 16 (Lt zid 1: plast b): 18 Frag. ustja z ostenjem lonca (L 21); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,1; ID: 6909/016-001. Kompleks 2 (Lt zid 1: plast b): 19. Frag. ustja lonca (L 37a); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,7; ID: 6909/002-001. Tabla 89 Kompleks 3 (Lt zid 1: plast b): 1. Frag. ustja grafitnega lonca (L 36a*); dodelano na vretenu; površina: ladka; barva: siva; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,0; ID: 6909/003-001. 2. Frag. ostenja lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 34a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: temnorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 4,2 x 3,8 x 0,9; ID: 6909/003-005. 3. Profilirano vretence (Vr 5 ); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,5 x 2,5; ID: 6909/003-011. Kompleks 8 (Lt zid 2: plast a): 4. Frag. ustja lonca (L 38); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: svetlorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 13,2; ID: 6909/008-001; isto kot 6909/013-002. 5. Frag. dna z ostenjem lonca (z glavničenim okrasom) (L 35a); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj svetlordeča; znotraj svetlorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pd= 7,0; ID: 6909/008-002; isto kot 6909/010-007. Kompleks 13 (Lt zid 2: plast a): 6. Frag. ustja lonca (L 39b); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 6909/013-001. 7. Diskasto vretence ( Vr 6 ); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,5 x 2,3; ID: 6909/013-008. Kompleks 5 (Lt zid 2: plast b): 8. Frag. ustja lonca (L 40); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: svetlorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 14,3; ID: 6909/005-001. 9. Frag. ustja lonca (L 38); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 13,5; ID: 6909/005-002. 10. Frag. ustja pokala z vrezanim okrasom (P 2); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 2,5 x 2,9 x 0,5; ID: 6909/005-024. 11. Frag. z držajem (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 6,5 x 3,7 x 2,2; ID: 6909/005-010. 12. Frag. ostenja z vrezanim okrasom (o); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 2,4 x 3,4 x 0,8; ID: 6909/005-017. 13. Frag. ostenja z žigosanim okrasom(o); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: bledorjava; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; vel.= 3,5 x 2,6 x 0,6; ID: 6909/005-004. Kompleks 9 (Lt zid 2: plast b): 14. Frag. ustja lonca (L 39a); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj rjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 18,0; ID: 6909/009-001; isto kot 6909/017-002. 15. Frag. ustja lonca (L 41a); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 14,0; ID: 6909/009-002. 16. Frag. ustja pokala (P 2); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; rekon. Pu= 8,5; ID: 6909/009-003. 17. Frag. ustja lonca (L 13); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,0; ID: 6909/009-004. Kompleks 6 (Lt zid 2: plast b): 18. Frag. ustja glinenke (G 7); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlorjava; znotraj rjava; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 6,5; ID: 6909/006-002. 19. Frag. ustja z ostenjem sklede (Sk 13); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: svetlosiva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; rekon. Pu= 4,5; ID: 6909/006-001. 335 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE Kompleks 11 (neopredeljeno): 20. Prag. ustja glinenke (G 6); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; rekon. Pu= 7,6; ID: 6909/011-001; morda isto kot 6909/006-003. Tabla 90 Kompleks 21 (Ha plast): 1. Prag. ustja z ostenjem lonca (L 23); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna, lisasta; znotraj siva; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 6,4; ID: 6911/021-002. 2. Prag. ustja z ostenjem sklede (Sk 12); izdelano na vrete-nu; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča; mehka, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,5; ID: 6911/021-001. Kompleks 24 (Ha plast): 3. Prag. ustja lonca (L 16); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: bledorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,9; ID: 6911/024-001. Kompleks 19(Ha plast): 4 Prag. motka z okrasom razčlenjenega rebra (M 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: bledorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 4,8 x 3,9 x 1,1; ID: 6911/019-006. Kompleks 17 (Lt plast a): 5. Prag. ustja z ostenjem pithosa z vod. kaneliranimi rameni (Pi 3); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: svetlorjava; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 16,5; ID: 6911/017-001. 6. Prag. lonec z glavničenim okrasom (L 34a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj bledorjava, lisasta; znotraj rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksida-cijsko žgano; Pu= 6,5; Pd= 5,5; v= 20,4; d= 0,8; ID: 6911/017-007; isto kot 6911/009-030, 6911/012-028 in 6911/025-009. 7. Prag. ustja lonca z metličenim okrasom na ostenju (L 34b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,1; ID: 6911/017-006; isto kot 6911/016-007. 8. Prag. ustja lonca (L 39a); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj rjava; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,5; ID: 6911/017-002. 9. Prag. ustja lonca (L 37a); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,0; ID: 6911/017-003. 10. Prag. ustja lonca (L 10); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozr-nata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,0; ID: 6911/017-005. 11. Prag. ustja z ostenjem lonca (L 11a); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj temnorjava; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,8; ID: 6911/017-004. 12. Dno z ostenjem glinenke (d 21); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; Pd= 3,7; ohr. v= 8,8; d= 0,4; ID: 6911/017-011. Tabla 91 Kompleks 18 (Lt plast a): 1. Lonec (L 22a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; Pu= 7,5; Pd= 5,5; v= 19,5; d= 0,8; ID: 6911/018-001. Kompleks 15 (Lt plast a): 2. Prag. lonec (L 14b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; Pu= 5,0; rekon. Pd= 3,3; rekon. v= 12,0; d= 0,6; ID: 6911/015-001; isto kot 6911/024-002. Kompleks 10 (Lt plast b): 3. Prag. ustja lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 35c); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 15,0; ID: 6911/010-001. 4. Prag. ustja lonca (L 37b); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,5; ID: 6911/010-002. Kompleks 12 (Lt plast b): 5. Prag. ustja lonca z okrasom vod. žleba (L 44); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlordeča; znotraj bledorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,5; ID: 6911/012-012; morda isto kot 6911/009-009. 6. Prag. ustja lonca z glavničenim okrasom(L 34a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlorjava, lisasta; znotraj rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,4; ID: 6911/012-005. 7. Prag. ustja lonca z glavničenim okrasom(L 35s); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rjava, lisasta; znotraj temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,5; ID: 6911/012-004. 8. Prag. ustja lonca z metličenim okrasom(L 34b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 4,5; ID: 6911/012-045. 9. Prag. ustja z ostenjem lonca (L 37a); dodelano na vrete-nu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,5; ID: 6911/012-001. 10. Prag. ustja lonca (L 37a); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,5; ID: 6911/012-002. 11. Prag. ustja pokala (P 2); izdelano na vretenu; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; rekon. Pu= 8,5; ID: 6911/012-014. 12. Prag. ustja glinenke (G 10); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: svetlorjava; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 7,5; ID: 6911/012-015. 13. Prag. ustja latvice (La 12); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča; mehka, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,7; ID: 6911/012-016;. Tabla 92 Kompleks 11 (Lt plast b): 1 Vbočeno dno in ostenje pithosa z luknjicami od popravila (Pi 1*); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj površina sivočrna; znotraj siva, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; Pd= 8,5; ohr. v= 37,0; d= 0,8; ID: 6911/011-006; isto kot 6911/009-044. 336 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE 2. Lonec z metličenim okrasom (L 34b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; Pu= 7,5; Pd= 6,0; v= 22,4; d=0,7; ID: 6911/011-003. 3. Frag. lonec z metličenim okrasom (L 34b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna, lisasta; znotraj svetlorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; Pu= 5,6; rekon. Pd= 3,5; v= 11,5; d= 0,6; ID: 6911/011-004. 4. Frag. dvoročajni vrč z okrasom vod. žlebov (V 2*); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; Pu= 5,0; Pd= 4,0; v= 20,0; d= 0,5; ID: 6911/011001; isto kot 6911/012-013. Tabla 93 Kompleks ¡6 (Lt plast b): 1. Frag. ustja lonca (L 37a); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,8; ID: 6911/016-004. 2. Frag. ustja glinenke (G 5); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: bledorjava; mehka, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 8,5; ID: 6911/016-001. 3. Frag. ustja glinenke (G 10); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva; znotraj sivočrna; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; rekon. Pu= 7,0; ID: 6911/016-003. 4. Frag. ustja lonca (L 17b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rjava; znotraj temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 3,7; ID: 6911/016-009. 5. Frag. ustja in fragment ostenja sklede z okrasom vod. žleba (Sk 14); izdelano na vretenu; površina: zglajena; barva: sivočrna; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 6911/016-021. 6. Frag. ostenja lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 35a); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: svetlorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; vel.= 5,8 x 3,4 x 0,8; ID: 6911/016-029. 7. Frag. ostenja lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 34a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; vel.= 5,8 x 5,9 x 0,7; ID: 6911/016-028. 8. Frag. ostenja lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 34a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 7,4 x 6,2 x 0,8; ID: 6911/016-027. 9. Frag. ostenja z okrasom nizov odtisov (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj sve-tlorjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 6,8 x 3,4 x 1,0; ID: 6911/016-049. 10. Frag. črepinjska utež (Vr 7); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 4,0 x 2,2 x 0,8; ID: 6911/016-075. 11. Diskasto vretence (Vr 6 ); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 5,4 x 2,2; ID: 6911/016-076. 12. Bikonično vretence (Vr 2a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 2,9 x 2,1; ID: 6911/016-077. 13. Frag. stožčasto vretence (Vr 3); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlorjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 3,6 x 2,4 x 1,5; ID: 6911/016-078. Kompleks 2 (Lt plast c): 14. Frag. ustja lonca (L 23); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj rjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 9,6; ID: 6911/002-001. 15. Frag. ustja lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 34a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj svetlorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,3; ID: 6911/002-002; morda isto kot 6911/002-013. 16. Frag. ostenja z okrasom vod. razčlenjenega rebra (o); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 3,9 x 2,7 x 0,6; ID: 6911/002-011. Kompleks 5 (Lt plast c): 17. Frag. ustja lonca z okrasom vod. žleba (L 44); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: bledorjava; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 15,3; ID: 6911/005007; morda isto kot 6911/008-010. 18. Frag. ustja lonca (L 37a); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,3; ID: 6911/005-010. 19. Frag. ustja lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 35a); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,6; ID: 6911/005-005. 20. Frag. ostenja lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 35a); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj siva, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,5; ID: 6911/005-004. 21. Frag. ustja glinenke z vod. žlebom (G 8); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 9,5; ID: 6911/005-001. 22. Frag. ustja lonca z okrasom vod. žleba (L 42); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 7,0; ID: 6911/005-006. 23. Frag. ustja glinenke (G 6); izdelano na vretenu; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 4,0; ID: 6911/005-002; isto kot 6911/011-007. 24. Frag. dna (d 18a); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pd= 6,0; ID: 6911/005-021. 25. Frag. ostenja lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 35a); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,6 x 3,5 x 0,6; ID: 6911/005-017. 26. Frag. svitka (S 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rdečkasta, lisasta; mehka, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 8,9 x 3,7 x 3,5; ID: 6911/005-024. Tabla 94 Kompleks 8 (Lt plast c): 1. Frag. ustja lonca (L 37b); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,0; ID: 6911/008-001. 2. Frag. ustja lonca (L 37a); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,5; ID: 6911/008-044. 3. Frag. ustja lonca (L 37a); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; žgano 337 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; rekon. Pu= 5,3; ID: 6911/008-002. 4. Frag. ustja lonca (L 12); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,1; ID: 6911/008-047. 5. Frag. ustja lonca (L 17a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj bledorjava; znotraj rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,2; ID: 6911/008-046. 6. Frag. ustja lonca (L 15); prostoročne izdelave; površina: glajena; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,2; ID: 6911/008-005. 7. Frag. ustja lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 34a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 11,5; ID: 6911/008-003. 8. Frag. ustja lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 34a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 9,0; ID: 6911/008-004. 9. Frag. ustja z ostenjem skodelice (Sk 1); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 3,0; ID: 6911/008-043. 10. Frag. ostenja lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 34a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: zunaj rjava, lisasta; znotraj siva, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; vel.= 6,4 x 5,1 x 0,8; ID: 6911/008-018. 11. Frag. dna (d 20); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; rekon. Pd= 6,0; ID: 6911/008-070. 12. Dno z ostenjem pokala (P 4); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; Pd= 4,4; ohr. v= 7,8; d= 0,6; ID: 6911/008-030. 13. Čep pokrova (Po 4a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 3,7 x 2,9 x 1,5; ID: 6911/008-069. 14. Črepinjska utež (Vr 7) iz fragmenta posode izdelane na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: bledorjava; mehka, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 2,5 x 2,3 x 0,6; ID: 6911/008-042. 15. Bikonično vretence z vrezanim okrasom (Vr 2b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: rjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 3,4 x 2,8; ID: 6911/008-078. Kompleks 9 (Lt plast c): 16. Frag. ustja lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 34a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,1; ID: 6911/009-001. 17. Frag. ustja lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 34a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,3; ID: 6911/009-002; morda isto kot 6911/025-011. 18. Frag. ustja lonca z metličenim okrasom (L 34b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 5,5; ID: 6911/009-010. 19. Frag. ustja pithosa z vod. kaneliranimi rameni (Pi 3); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; rekon. Pu= 10,0; ID: 6911/009-013. 20. Frag. ustja lonca (z glavničenim okrasom) (L 34a*); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: siva; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 7,5; ID: 6911/009-004. 21. Frag. ustja lonca (L 14b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,6 x 3,2 x 0,8; rekon. Pu= 7,0; ID: 6911/009-003. 22. Frag. ustja latvice (La 11b); prostoročne izdelave; gladka, rahlo porozna zunaj siva; znotraj rjava; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 10,7; ID: 6911/009-014. 23. Dno (d 20); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; Pd= 2,5; ohr. v= 2,4; d= 0,5; ID: 6911/009-048. 24. Frag. diskasto vretence z okrasom vrezov in vbodov ( Vr 6 ); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlorjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 3,5 x 2,0 x 1,7; ID: 6911/009-061. Tabla 95 Kompleks 3 (Lt plast c): 1. Frag. ustja z ostenjem lonca (L 10); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,7; ID: 6911/003-002. 2. Frag. ustja lonca (L 22a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 4,4; ID: 6911/003-003. 3. Frag. dna z ostenjem glinenke (d 19); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva; znotraj svetlorjava; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; rekon. Pd= 5,0; ID: 6911/003-038. 4. Frag. ustja z žlebom in frag. dna pekača (imp.); izdelano na vretenu; površina: hrapava; barva: zunaj svetlorjava, lisasta; znotraj svetlordeča; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.1= 3,9 x 4,4 x 0,5; vel.2= 3,6 x 2,5 x 0,6; ID: 6911/003-058. 5. Frag. ostenja skodelice z okrasom plitvih vtisov (imp.); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča; mehka, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 2,2 x 1,6 x 0,3; ID: 6911/003-057. 6. Frag. ročaja pekve (Pe 4e); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlordeča, lisasta; trda, grobozrnata faktura; oksi-dacijsko žgano; vel.= 12,2 x 4,3 x 3,0; ID: 6911/003-036. 7. Frag. diskasto vretence (Vr 6 ); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: siva, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; vel.= 3,2 x 2,2 x 1,6; ID: 6911/003-054. Kompleks 4 (Lt plast c): 8. Frag. ustja lonca (L 39a); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: rjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 14,0; ID: 6911/004-003. 9. Frag. ustja lonca (L 37a); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka, rahlo porozna; barva: sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,2; ID: 6911/004-002. 10. Frag. ustja glinenke (G 6); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 6,3; ID: 6911/004-001. Kompleks 7 (Lt plast c): 11. Frag. ustja lonca (L 14a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj siva; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,5; ID: 6911/007-012. 12. Frag. ustja lonca (L 20); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj svetlordeča; znotraj bledorjava; trda, drob- 338 6. KATALOG / CATALOGUE nozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano s končno oksidacijo; rekon. Pu= 8,1; ID: 6911/007-006. 13. Frag. ustja lonca s sledmi črnega (smolnatega) premaza (L 18b); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: siva; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končno redukcijo; rekon. Pu= 5,5; ID: 6911/007-007. 14. Frag. ustja lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 34a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava; znotraj rjava; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,5; ID: 6911/007-005. 15. Frag. ustja lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 34a); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj rjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,9; ID: 6911/007-004. 16. Frag. ustja lonca (L 37b); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 8,2; ID: 6911/007-001. 17. Frag. ustja z ostenjem lončka (L 17b); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava, lisasta; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 2,7; ID: 6911/007-015. 18. Frag. dna z ostenjem (d 4); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka porozna; barva: siva; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; nepopolno oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pd= 5,1; ID: 6911/007-047. 19. Frag. ustja lonca (Lsv 2); izdelano na počasnem lončarskem vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: bledorjava; mehka, finozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 12,1; ID: 6911/007-057. 20. Frag. ustja lonca (L 43); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: sivočrna; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,5; ID: 6911/007-058. 21. Frag. ustja pokala (P 2); izdelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano s končnim dimljenjem; rekon. Pu= 6,0; ID: 6911/007-053. 22. Profilirano vretence (Vr 5 ); prostoročne izdelave; površina: gladka; barva: svetlorjava, lisasta; trda, finozrnata faktura; oksidacijsko žgano; vel.= 3,7 x 3,0; ID: 6911/007-074. Kompleks 25 (neopredeljeno): 23. Frag. ustja lonca (L 37a); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: temnorjava; trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 10,6; ID: 6911/025-002. 24. Frag. ustja lonca z glavničenim okrasom (L 35c); dodelano na vretenu; površina: gladka; barva: zunaj temnorjava, lisasta; znotraj sivočrna; zelo trda, drobnozrnata faktura; redukcijsko žgano; rekon. Pu= 6,8; ID: 6911/025-001. 25. Frag. ustja pokala s profiliranimi rameni (P 3); izdelano na vretenu; površina: zglajena; barva: zunaj sivočrna; znotraj siva; trda, zelo finozrnata faktura; žgano ob izmenjavi redukcije in oksidacije s končno redukcijo; rekon. Pu= 8,5; ID: 6911/025-004; isto kot 6911/009-024. 339 7. LITERATURA / BIBLIOGRAPHY BARKER, Ph. 1998, Tehnike arheološkega izkopavanja / Techniques of archaeological excavations. - Ljubljana, London (3. izd. / 3rd edition). BAVDEK, A. 1996, Fundorte aus spätrepublikanischer und frührömischer Zeit in Razdrto am Fusse des Nanos / Najdišči iz poznorepublikanskega in zgodnjerimskega časa na Razdrtem pod Nanosom. - Arheološki vestnik 47, 297-306. M. BLEČIC, M. ČREŠNAR, B. HÄNSEL, A. HELLMUTH, E. KAISER, C. METZNER-NEBELSICK (ur. / eds.) 2007, Scripta Praehistorica in Honorem Biba Teržan, Situla 44. BÖKÖNYI, S. 1994, Analiza živalskih kosti / Die Tier-knochfunde der Siedlung. - V / In: Gabrovec (ur. / ed.) 1994, 190-213. 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Prazgodovinska in zgodnjerimska naselbina v severozahodni Istri / A Prehistoric and Early Roman Settlement in Northwestern Istria. - Opera Instituti Archaeologici Sloveniae 3, 83-99. 347 8. TABLE / PLATES Komp. 29 T. 22: Sonda 14. 1-15 zid I, plast c ali iz plasti med zidom I in II. Pl. 22: Trench 14. 1-15 Wall I, layer c or layer between Walls I and II. 349 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 2: Sonda 17. 1-6 zid I, plast a; 7-14 zid I, plast b. Pl. 2: Trench 17. 1-6 Wall I, layer a; 7-14 Wall I, layer b. 350 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 22: Sonda 14. 1-15 zid I, plast c ali iz plasti med zidom I in II. Pl. 22: Trench 14. 1-15 Wall I, layer c or layer between Walls I and II. 351 8. TABLE / PLATES Komp. 27 T. 22: Sonda 14. 1-15 zid I, plast c ali iz plasti med zidom I in II. Pl. 22: Trench 14. 1-15 Wall I, layer c or layer between Walls I and II. 352 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 5: Sonda 17. 1-10 zid I, plast c; 11-14 plast med zidom I in II. Pl. 5: Trench 17. 1-10 Wall I, layer c; 11-14 layer between Walls I and II. 353 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 6: Sonda 17. 1-11 iz plasti k zidu I ali II; 12-17 plast k zidu II. Pl. 6: Trench 17. 1-11 layers assoc. with Walls I or Wall II; 12-17 layer assoc. with the Wall II. 354 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 7: Sonda 17. 1-15 plast k zidu II. Pl. 7: Trench 17. 1-15 layer associated with the Wall II. 355 8. TABLE / PLATES T 8: Sonda 17. 1-7 plast k zidu II; 8-10 iz plasti k zidu II ali III; 11-19 plast k zidu III. Pl. 8: Trench 17. 1-7 layer assoc. with the Wall II; 8-10 layer assoc. with Walls II or Wall III; 11-19 layer assoc. with the Wall III. 356 8. TABLE / PLATES Komp. 6 T. 9: Sonda 17. 1-17 plast k zidu III. Pl. 9: Trench 17. 1-17 layer associated with the Wall III. 357 8. TABLE / PLATES Komp. 13 T. 10: Sonda 17. 1-13 plast k zidu III; 14-17 latenska plast. Pl. 10: Trench 17. 1-13 layer associated with the Wall III; 14-17 La Tene layer. 358 8. TABLE / PLATES Komp. 2 T. 11: Sonda 17. 1-10 latenska plast; 11-16 nasip k zidu I. Pl. 11: Trench 17. 1-10 La Tene layer; 11-16 earthwork associated with Wall I. 359 8. TABLE / PLATES Komp. 24 T. 22: Sonda 14. 1-15 zid I, plast c ali iz plasti med zidom I in II. Pl. 22: Trench 14. 1-15 Wall I, layer c or layer between Walls I and II. 360 8. TABLE / PLATES Komp. 20 T. 22: Sonda 14. 1-15 zid I, plast c ali iz plasti med zidom I in II. Pl. 22: Trench 14. 1-15 Wall I, layer c or layer between Walls I and II. 361 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 14: Sonda 16A. 1-9 zid I, plast c; 10, 11 plast med zidom I in II; 12-16 iz plasti k zidu I ali II. Pl. 14: Trench 16A. 1-9 Wall I, layer c; 10, 11 layer between Walls I and II; 12-16 layer assoc. with Walls I or Wall II. 362 8. TABLE / PLATES Komp. 17 T. 15: Sonda 16A. 1-21 plast med zidom I in II. Pl. 15: Trench 16A. 1-21 layer between Walls I and II. 363 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 16: Sonda 16A. 1-12 plast k zidu II; 13-18 iz plasti k zidu II ali III. Pl. 16: Trench 16A. 1-12 layer assoc. with the Wall II; 13-18 layer assoc. with Walls II or Wall III. 364 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 17: Sonda 16A. 1-5 iz plasti k zidu II ali III; 6-17 plast k zidu III; 18-21 iz plasti k zidu III ali latenske plasti. Pl. 17: Trench 16A. 1-5 layer assoc. with Walls II or Wall III; 6-17 layer assoc. withthe Wall III; 18-21 layer assoc. with the Wall III or LT layer. 365 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 18: Sonda 16A. 1-15 iz plasti k zidu III ali latenske plasti; 16-19 latenska plast. Pl. 18: Trench 16A. 1-15 layer assoc. with the Wall III or LT layer; 16-19 La Tene layer. 366 8. TABLE / PLATES Komp. 31 mnJ i Komp. 32 / Komp. 30 ! ¡r \ ......v. B 1 // l Komp. 4 Komp. 6 \ 1 i 1 .......- —• "- \ ) w \ 11 ........Ju V .....C 6 Komp. 9 Komp. 16 c ¿1 1 =7; i Komp. 1( [ i Komp. 11 r' v i i i i U \ 14 TO is Komp. 1 \ > x m ) 16 Komp. 7 r // \ 10 \ Komp. 17 v V- , ^17 T. 19:1-4 Sonda 16A - nasip; 5-17 Sonda 16B. 1-3 nasip k zidu I; 4 iz nasipa k zidu II ali III; 5, 6 nasip k zidu II; 7-9 latenski tlak 1; 10-13 latenski tlak 2; 14, 15 latenski tlak 3; 16, 17 neopredeljeno. Pl. 19: 1-4 Trench 16A - Earthwork; 5-17 Trench 16B. 1-3 earthwork assoc. with Wall I; 4 earthworks assoc. with Wall II or Wall III; 5, 6 earthwork assoc. with Wall II; 7-9 LT paving 1; 10-13 LT paving 2; 14, 15 LT paving 3; 16, 17 undetermined. 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 20: Sonda 14. 1-6 zid I, plast a; 7-12 zid I, plast b; 13-16 zid I, plast c. Pl. 20: Trench 14. 1-6 Wall I, layer a; 7-12 Wall I, layer b; 13-16 Wall I, layer c. 368 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 21: Sonda 14. 1-13 zid I, plast c; 14 iz plasti k zidu I ali II; 15, 16 plast med zidom I in II. Pl. 21: Trench 14. 1-13 Wall I, layer c; 14 layer assoc. with Walls I or Wall II; 15, 16 layer between Walls I and II. 369 8. TABLE / PLATES Komp. 19 T. 22: Sonda 14. 1-15 zid I, plast c ali iz plasti med zidom I in II. Pl. 22: Trench 14. 1-15 Wall I, layer c or layer between Walls I and II. 370 8. TABLE / PLATES Komp. 17 T. 23: Sonda 14. 1-8 iz plasti k zidu I ali II; 9, 10 plast k zidu II; 11, 12 iz plasti k zidu II ali III. Pl. 23: Trench 14. 1-8 layer assoc. with Wall I or Wall II; 9,10 layer assoc. with the Wall II; 11, 12 layer assoc. with Wall II or Wall III. 371 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 24: Sonda 14. 1-6 iz plasti k zidu II ali III; 7-9 plast k zidu III; 11-21 iz plasti k zidu III ali latenske plasti. Pl. 24: Trench 14. 1-6layer assoc. with Walls II or Wall III; 7-9layer assoc. with the Wall III; 11-21 layer assoc. with Wall III or LT layer. 372 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 25: Sonda 14. 1-4 plast k zidu III; 5-17 latenska plast; 18, 19 neopredeljeno. Pl. 25: Trench 14. 1-4 layer assoc. with the Wall III; 5-17 La Tene layer; 18, 19 undetermined. 373 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 26: Sonda 7. 1-10 plast k zidu I; 11-16 iz plasti k zidu I ali II. Pl. 26: Trench 7. 1-10 layer assoc. with the Wall I; 11-16 layer assoc. with Wall I or Wall II. 374 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 42: Sonda 13. 1-23 plast k zidu III. Pl. 42: Trench 13. 1-23 layer associated with the Wall III. 375 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 42: Sonda 13. 1-23 plast k zidu III. Pl. 42: Trench 13. 1-23 layer associated with the Wall III. 376 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 29: Sonda 7. 23 jarek med sondama 7 in 14. 1 iz plasti k zidu II ali III; 2 plast k zidu III; 3-11 iz plasti k zidu III ali latenske plasti; 12-23 neopredeljeno. Pl. 29: Trench 7. 23 Baulk between Trenches 7 and 14. 1 layer assoc. with Wall II or Wall III; 2 layer assoc. with the Wall III; 3-11 layer assoc. with Wall III or LT layer; 12-23 undetermined. 377 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 30: Sonda 3. 1-13 zid I, plast a; 14 iz plasti k zidu I ali zid II, plast a; 15-18 iz plasti b k zidu I ali iz plasti a k zidu II. Pl. 30: Trench 3. 1-13 Wall I, layer a; 14 layer assoc. with Wall I or Wall II, layer a; 15-18 Wall I, layer b or layer a assoc. with Wall II. 378 8. TABLE / PLATES Komp. 44 T. 31: Sonda 3. 1, 2 zid II, plast a; 3, 4 zid II, plast b. Pl. 31: Trench 3. 1, 2 Wall II, layer a; 3, 4 Wall II, layer b. 379 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 32: Sonda 3. 1-14 zid II, plast b. Pl. 32: Trench 3. 1-14 Wall II, layer b. 380 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 33: Sonda 3. 1-7 zid II, plast b; 8-12 zid II, plast c; 13-17plast k zidu III. Pl. 33: Trench 3. 1-7 Wall II, layer b; 8-12 Wall II, layer c; 13-17 layer assoc. with the Wall III. 381 8. TABLE / PLATES Komp. 54 T. 34: Sonda 3. 1-7 plast k zidu III; 8-19 latenska plast. Pl. 34: Trench 3. 1-7 layer associated with the Wall III; 8-19 La Tene layer. 382 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 35: Sonda 4. 1-15 zid I, plast a. Pl. 35: Trench 4. 1-15 Wall I, layer a. 383 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 36: Sonda 4. 1-4 zid I, plast a; 5-13 zid I, plast b. Pl. 36: Trench 4. 1-4 Wall I, layer a; 5-13 Wall I, layer b. 384 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 37: Sonda 4. 1 zid I, plast b; 2-11 plast med zidom I in II; 12-14 plast k zidu II. Pl. 37: Trench 4. 1 Wall I, layer b; 2-11 layer between Walls I and II; 12-14 layer assoc. with the Wall II. 385 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 38: Sonda 4. 7-9 nasip.1, 2 plast k zidu II; 3-6 neopredeljeno; 7, 8 nasip k zidu I, 9 latenski tlak 1. Pl. 38: Trench 4. 7-9 Earthwork. 1,2 layer assoc. with the Wall II; 3-6 undetermined; 7, 8 earthwork assoc. with Wall I, 9 LT paving 1. 386 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 39: Sonda 13. 1-6 plast k zidu I; 7-13 plast med zidom I in II. Pl. 39: Trench 13. 1-6 layer associated with the Wall I; 7-13 layer between Walls I and II. 387 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 40: Sonda 13. 1-18 plast med zidom I in II. Pl. 40: Trench 13. 1-18 layer between Walls I and II. 388 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 42: Sonda 13. 1-23 plast k zidu III. Pl. 42: Trench 13. 1-23 layer associated with the Wall III. 389 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 42: Sonda 13. 1-23 plast k zidu III. Pl. 42: Trench 13. 1-23 layer associated with the Wall III. 390 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 43: Sonda 13. 1-3 iz plasti k zidu III ali latenske plasti; 4-11 latenska plast; 12-20 neopredeljeno. Pl. 43: Trench 13. 1-3 from layer assoc. with Wall III or LT layer; 4-11 La Tene layer; 12-20 undetermined. 391 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 44: Jarek med sondama 12 in 13. 1 plast k zidu I; 2, 3 plast med zidoma I in II; 4-6 plast k zidu II; 7, 8 plast k zidu III; 9 iz plasti k zidu III ali latenske plasti; 10-12 latenska plast. Pl. 44: Baulk between Trenches 12 and 13. 1 layer assoc. with the Wall I; 2, 3 layer between Walls I and II; 4-6 layer assoc. with the Wall II; 7, 8 layer assoc. with the Wall III; 9 layer assoc. with Wall III or LT layer; 10-12 La Tene layer. 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 45: Sonda 12. 1-12 zid I, plast a; 13, 14 plast k zidu I. Pl. 45: Trench 12. 1-12 Wall I, layer a; 13, 14 layer associated with the Wall I. 393 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 46: Sonda 12. 1-4 zid I, plast b; 5-8 plast k zidu I; 9-12 iz plasti b k zidu I ali iz plasti med zidom I in II. Pl. 46: Trench 12. 1-4 Wall I, layer b; 5-8 layer assoc. with the Wall I; 9-12 Wall I, layer b or layer between Walls I and II. 394 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 47: Sonda 12. 1-4 iz plasti k zidu I ali iz plasti med zidom I in II; 5-16 plast med zidom I in II. Pl. 47: Trench 12. 1-4 layer assoc. with Wall I or layer between Walls I and II; 5-16 layer between Walls I and II. 395 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 48: Sonda 12. 1-8 plast k zidu II; 9-21 plast k zidu III. Pl. 48: Trench 12. 1-8 layer assoc. with the Wall II; 9-21 layer assoc. with the Wall III. 396 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 49: Sonda 12. 1-3 plast k zidu III; 4-12 iz plasti k zidu III ali latenske plasti; 13-20 latenska plast. Pl. 49: Trench 12. 1-3 layer assoc. with the Wall III; 4-12 layer assoc. with Wall III or LT layer; 13-20 La Tene layer. 397 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 50: Sonda 12. 1-3 latenska plast; 4-17 neopredeljeno. Pl. 50: Trench 12. 1-3 La Tene layer; 4-17 undetermined. 398 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 51: Sonda 6. 1-7 zid I, plast a; 8-15 zid I, plast b. Pl. 51: Trench 6. 1-7 Wall I, layer a; 8-15 Wall I, layer b. 399 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 52: Sonda 6. 1-4 zid I, plast b; 5, 6 iz plasti k zidu I; 7-13 iz plasti b k zidu I ali iz plasti med zidom I in II; 14-17 plast med zidom I in II. Pl. 52: Trench 6. 1-4 Wall I, layer b; 5, 6 layers assoc. with the Wall I; 7-13 Wall I, layer b or layer between Walls I and II; 14-17 layer between Walls I and II. 400 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 53: Sonda 6. 1-7 plast med zidom I in II. Pl. 53: Trench 6. 1-7 layer between Walls I and II. 401 8. TABLE / PLATES Komp. 33 T. 54: Sonda 6. 1-16 plast med zidom I in II. Pl. 54: Trench 6. 1-16 layer between Walls I and II. 402 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 55: Sonda 6. 1-11 plast med zidom I in II; 12-19 iz plasti k zidu II. Pl. 55: Trench 6. 1-11 layer between Walls I and II; 12-19 layer associated with the Wall II. 403 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 56: Sonda 6. 1-3 iz plasti k zidu II; 4-13 iz plasti k zidu III; 14-22 iz plasti k zidu III ali latenske plasti. Pl. 56: Trench 6. 1-3 layer assoc. with the Wall II; 4-13 layer assoc. with the Wall III; 14-22 layer assoc. with Wall III or from LT layer. 404 8. TABLE / PLATES Komp. 7 T. 94: Sonda 11. 1-24 iz latenske plasti c. Pl. 94: Trench 11. 1-24 La Tene layer c. 405 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 58: Sonda 6. 28-29 nasip. 1-14 latenska plast; 15-29 neopredeljeno. Pl. 58: Trench 6. 28-29 Earthwork.1-14 La Tene layer; 15-29 undetermined. 406 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 59: Sonda 1. 1-7 iz plasti k zidu I; 8 iz plasti med zidom I in II; 9 iz plasti k zidu I ali iz plasti med zidom I in II; 10-14 iz plasti k zidu II; 15-18 iz plasti k zidu III. Pl. 59: Trench 1. 1-7 layer assoc. with the Wall I; 8 layer between Walls I and II; 9 layer assoc. with Wall I or layer between Walls I and II; 10-14 layer assoc. with the Wall II; 15-18 layer assoc. with the Wall III. 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 60: Sonda 1. 1-23 iz plasti k zidu III ali iz latenske plasti. Pl. 60: Trench 1. 1-23 layer associated with the Wall III or La Tene layer. 408 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 61: Sonda 1. 1-18 iz plasti k zidu III ali iz latenske plasti. Pl. 61: Trench 1. 1-18 layer associated with the Wall III or La Tene layer. 409 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 62: Sonda 1. 1, 2 iz plasti k zidu III ali iz latenske plasti; 3-8 latenska plast; 9-13 neopredeljeno. Pl. 62: Trench 1. 1, 2 layer assoc. with the Wall III or LT layer; 3-8 La Tene layer; 9-13 undetermined. 410 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 63: Sonda 2. 1-12 iz plasti k zidu I; 13, 14 iz plasti k zidu I ali iz plasti k zidu II. Pl. 63: Trench 2. 1-12 layer assoc. with the Wall I; 13, 14 layer assoc. with Walls I or layer assoc. with Wall II. 411 8. TABLE / PLATES Komp. 64 T. 64: Sonda 2. 1-8 iz plasti k zidu I; 9-13 iz plasti k zidu II. Pl. 64: Trench 2. 1-8 layer associated with the Wall I; 9-13 layer associated with the Wall II. 412 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 65: Sonda 2. 1-9 iz plasti k zidu II; 10-13 iz plasti k zidu III; 14, 15 iz plasti k zidu III ali iz latenske plasti. Pl. 65: Trench 2. 1-9 layer assoc. with the Wall II; 10-13 layer assoc. with the Wall III; 14,15 layer assoc. with the Wall III or LT layer. 413 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 66: Sonda 2. 22-24 nasip. 1-7 latenska plast; 8-21 neopredeljeno; 22-24 latenski tlak. Pl. 66: Trench 2. 22-24 Earthwork. 1-7 La Tene layer; 8-21 undetermined; 22-24 La Tene paving. 414 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 42: Sonda 13. 1-23 plast k zidu III. Pl. 42: Trench 13. 1-23 layer associated with the Wall III. 415 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 68: Sonda 5. 1-4 iz plasti k zidu I; 5-15 iz plasti k zidu III. Pl. 68: Trench 5. 1-4 layer associated with the Wall I; 5-15 layer associated with the Wall III. 416 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 69: Sonda 5. 1-5 iz plasti k zidu III; 6-8 iz plasti k zidu I ali zidu II ali zidu III; 9-12 iz latenske plasti a. Pl. 69: Trench 5. 1-5 layer assoc. with the Wall III; 6-8 layers assoc. with Walls I—III; 9-12 La Tene layer a. 417 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 94: Sonda 11. 1-24 iz latenske plasti c. Pl. 94: Trench 11. 1-24 La Tene layer c. 418 8. TABLE / PLATES Komp. 107 T. 94: Sonda 11. 1-24 iz latenske plasti c. Pl. 94: Trench 11. 1-24 La Tene layer c. 419 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 72: Sonda 5. 16, 17 nasip. 1-14 iz latenske plasti b; 16,17 nasip k zidu II. Pl. 72: Trench 5. 16, 17 Earthwork. 1-14 La Tene layer b; 16,17 earthwork assoc. with Wall II. 420 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 73: Sonda 8. 1-7 iz plasti k zidu I; 8 iz plasti k zidu I ali iz plasti k zidu II; 9-16 iz plasti k zidu III; 17, 18 latenska plast. Pl. 73: Trench 8. 1-7 layer assoc. with the Wall I; 8 layer assoc. with Wall I or Wall II; 9-16 layer assoc. with the Wall III; 17, 18 La Tene layer. 421 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 74: 1-11 sonda 8; 8-11 nasip. 12-22 sonda 10; 21,22 nasip. 1-7 latenska plast; 8-10 nasip k zidu II; 11 nasip k zidu III; 12-14 iz plasti k zidu I; 15-20 neopredeljeno; 21 nasip k zidu I; 22 nasip k zidu II. Pl. 74: 1-11 Trench 8; 8-11 Earthwork. 12-22 Trench 10; 21,22 Earthwork. 1-7 La Tene layer; 8-10 earthwork assoc. with Wall II; 11 earthwork assoc. with Wall III; 12-14 layer assoc. with the Wall I; 15-20 undetermined; 21 earthwork assoc. with Wall I; 22 earthwork assoc. with Wall II. 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 75:1-3 sonda 15; 2,3 nasip. 4-11 sonda 21. 1 iz plasti k zidu III ali iz latenske plasti; 2 iz zidu I ali iz nasipa k zidu II; 3 iz nasipa k zidu I ali II ali III ali iz latenske plasti; 4-9 iz plasti k zidu II; 10, 11 iz nasipa k zidu II ali III ali iz latenske plasti. Pl. 75: 1-3 Trench 15; 2,3 Earthwork. 4-11 Trench 21. 1 layer assoc. with the Wall III or LT layer; 2 Wall I or earthwork assoc. with Wall II; 3 earthworks assoc. with Walls I—III or LT layer; 4-9 layer assoc. with the Wall II; 10, 11 earthworks assoc. with Walls I—III or LT layer. 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 76: Sonda 20. 14 nasip. 1-9 iz plasti k zidu II; 10-13 iz plasti k zidu III ali iz latenske plasti; 14 nasip k zidu II. Pl. 76: Trench 20. 14 Earthwork. 1-9 layer assoc. with the Wall II; 10-13 layer assoc. with the Wall III or LT layer; 14 earthwork assoc. with Wall II. 424 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 77: Sonda 18. 1-17 hisa 1. Pl. 77: Trench 18. 1-17 House 1. 425 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 77: Sonda 18. 1-17 hisa 1. Pl. 77: Trench 18. 1-17 House 1. 426 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 79: Sonda 18. 1-7 latenski zid 1, plast b; 8-13 iz plasti c k latenskemu zidu 1 ali iz plasti k latenskemu zidu 2. Pl. 79: Trench 18. 1-7layer assoc. with the LT crosswall 1, plast b; 8-13 LT crosswall 1,layer c or layer assoc. with the LT crosswall 2. 427 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 80: Sonda 18. 1-7iz plasti b ali c k latenskemu zidu 1 ali iz plasti k latenskemu zidu 2; 8-14 iz plasti k latenskemu zidu 2; 15-17 neopredeljeno. Pl. 80: Trench 18. 1-7 LT crosswall 1, layer b or layer c or layer assoc. with the LT crosswall 2; 8-14 layer assoc. with the LT cross-wall 2; 15-17 undetermined. 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 77: Sonda 18. 1-17 hisa 1. Pl. 77: Trench 18. 1-17 House 1. 429 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 82: Sonda 19. 1-5 hiša 1; 6-13 hiša 3. Pl. 82: Trench 19. 1-5 House 1; 6-13 House 3. 430 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 77: Sonda 18. 1-17 hisa 1. Pl. 77: Trench 18. 1-17 House 1. 431 8. TABLE / PLATES Komp. 32 T. 77: Sonda 18. 1-17 hisa 1. Pl. 77: Trench 18. 1-17 House 1. 432 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 85: Sonda 19. 1-10 hiša 4; 11, 12 iz plasti k latenskemu zidu 1. Pl. 85: Trench 19. 1-10 House 4; 11, 12 layer associated with the LT crosswall 1. 433 8. TABLE / PLATES Komp. 16 T. 86: Sonda 19. 1-13 iz plasti k latenskemu zidu 1. Pl. 86: Trench 19. 1-13 layer associated with the LT crosswall 1. 434 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 87: Sonda 19. 1-5 iz plasti k latenskemu zidu 1; 6-12 latenski zid 2, plast a; 13-22 latenski zid 2, plast b; 23 neopredeljeno. Pl. 87: Trench 19. 1-5 layer assoc. with the LT crosswall 1; 6-12 LT crosswall 2, layer a; 13-22 LT crosswall 2, layer b; 23 undetermined. 435 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 88: Sonda 9. 1-17 latenski zid 1, plast a; 18, 19 latenski zid 1, plast b. Pl. 88: Trench 9. 1-17 LT crosswall 1, layer a; 18, 19 LT crosswall 1, layer b. 436 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 89: Sonda 9. 1-3 latenski zid 1, plast b; 4-7 latenski zid 2, plast a; 8-19 latenski zid 2, plast b; 20 neopredeljeno. Pl. 89: Trench 9. 1-3 LT crosswall 1, layer b; 4-7 LT crosswall 2, layer a; 8-19 LT crosswall 2, layer b; 20 undetermined. 437 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 90: Sonda 11. 1-4 iz halštatske plasti; 5-12 iz latenske plasti a. Pl. 90: Trench 11. 1-4 Hallstatt layer; 5-12 La Tene layer a. 438 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 91: Sonda 11. 1,2 iz latenske plasti a; 3-13 iz latenske plasti b. Pl. 91: Trench 11. 1, 2 La Tene layer a; 3-13 La Tene layer b. 439 8. TABLE / PLATES Komp. 11 T. 94: Sonda 11. 1-24 iz latenske plasti c. Pl. 94: Trench 11. 1-24 La Tene layer c. 440 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 93: Sonda 11. 1-13 iz latenske plasti b; 14-26 iz latenske plasti c. Pl. 93: Trench 11. 1-13 La Tene layer b; 14-26 La Tene layer c. 441 8. TABLE / PLATES Komp. 8 T. 94: Sonda 11. 1-24 iz latenske plasti c. Pl. 94: Trench 11. 1-24 La Tene layer c. 442 8. TABLE / PLATES T. 95: Sonda 11.1-22 iz latenske plasti c; 23-25 neopredeljeno. Pl. 95: Trench 11. 1-22 La Tène layer c; 23-25 undetermined. 443 9. PRILOGE / APPENDICES SHEMA PRILOG PO LISTIH / GUIDE TO LOOSE-LEAF APPENDICES a 1 2 3 5 b 21 22 6 7 9 10 d 8 16 11 14 12 15 13 g 17 18 19 20 4 c e 445 SEZNAM PRILOG / LIST OF APPENDICES Pril. 1: Sonda 17; JV profil s projiciranimi nivoji planumov (po: Svoljšak 1994, pril. 14). App. 1: Trench 17; SE cross section with the levels of spits marked (after Svoljšak 1994, App. 14). Pril. 2: Sonda 17; JV profil s projiciranimi kompleksi (po: Svoljšak 1994, pril. 14). App. 2: Trench 17; SE cross section with complexes marked (after Svoljšak 1994, App. 14). Pril. 3: Sonda 16A; JV profil s projiciranimi kompleksi (po: Svoljšak 1994, pril. 13). App. 3: Trench 16A; SE cross section with complexes marked (after Svoljšak 1994, App. 13). Pril. 4: Sonda 16B; JV profil s projiciranimi kompleksi (dopolnjeno po Svoljšak 1994, pril. 20). App. 4: Trench 16B; SE cross section with complexes marked (supplemented after Svoljšak 1994, App. 20). Pril. 5: Sonda 14; JV profil s projiciranimi kompleksi (po Svoljšak 1994, pril. 12). App. 5: Trench 14; SE cross section with complexes marked (after Svoljšak 1994, App.12). Pril. 6: Sonda 7; JV profil s projiciranimi kompleksi. App. 6: Trench 7; SE cross section with complexes marked. Pril. 7: Sonda 3; JV profil s projiciranimi kompleksi (po Svoljšak 1994, pril. 11). App. 7: Trench 3; SE cross section with complexes marked (after Svoljšak 1994, App.11). Pril. 8: Sondi 4 in 4b; JZ profil s projiciranimi kompleksi (po Frey 1994, pril. 7a in 7b). App. 8: Trench 4 in 4b; SW cross section with complexes marked (after Frey 1994, Apps.7a and 7b). Pril. 9: Sonda 13; SV profil s projiciranimi kompleksi (po Frey 1994, pril. 9). App. 9: Trench 13; NE cross section with complexes marked (after Frey 1994, App.9). Pril. 10: Sonda 12; JV profil s projiciranimi kompleksi. App. 10: Trench 12; SE cross section with complexes marked. Pril. 11: Sonda 6; JV profil s projiciranimi kompleksi. App. 11: Trench 6; SE cross section with complexes marked. Pril. 12: Sonda 1; S profil s projiciranimi kompleksi (po Gabrovec 1994, pril. 21). App. 12: Trench 1; N cross section with complexes marked (after Gabrovec 1994, App.21). Pril. 13: Sonda 2; S profil s projiciranimi kompleksi (po Gabrovec 1994, pril. 23). App. 13: Trench 2; N cross section with complexes marked (after Gabrovec 1994, App.23). Pril. 14: Sonda 5; SZ profil s projiciranimi kompleksi (po Gabrovec 1994, pril. 24). App. 14: Trench 5; NW cross section with complexes marked (after Gabrovec 1994, App.24). Pril. 15: Sonda 8; SZ profil s projiciranimi kompleksi (po Gabrovec 1994, pril. 25). App. 15: Trench 8; NW cross section with complexes marked (after Gabrovec 1994, App.25). Pril. 16: Sonda 10; SV profil s projiciranimi kompleksi (po Gabrovec 1994, pril. 26). App. 16: Trench 10; NE cross section with complexes marked (after Gabrovec 1994, App.26). Pril. 17: Sonda 15; Z profil s projiciranimi kompleksi (po Pingel 1994, pril. 2). App. 17: Trench 15; W cross section with complexes marked (after Pingel 1994, App.2). Pril. 18: Sonda 20; Z profil s projiciranimi kompleksi (po Pingel 1994, pril. 3). App. 18: Trench 20; W cross section with complexes marked (after Pingel 1994, App.3). Pril. 19: Sonda 18; JZ profil s projiciranimi kompleksi (po Teržan 1994, pril. 27). App. 19: Trench 18; SW cross section with complexes marked (after Teržan 1994, App.27). 446 Pril. 20: Sonda 19; JZ profil s projiciranimi kompleksi (po Teržan 1994, pril. 29). App. 20: Trench 19; SW cross section with complexes marked (after Teržan 1994, App.29). Pril. 21: Sonda 9; SV profil s projiciranimi kompleksi. App. 21: Trench 9; NE cross section with complexes marked. Pril. 22: Sonda 11; S profil s projiciranimi kompleksi (po Dular 1994a, pril. 31). App. 22: Trench 11; N cross section with complexes marked (after Dular 1994a, App.31). 447 Založba ZRC http://zalozba.zrc-sazu.si ZRC Publishing 9789612549237