origina! scientific paper (JDK 595.33(28)(497,4) 
PRELIMINARY LIST OF FRESHWATER OSTRACOD A (CRUSTACEA) FROM SLOVENIA 
Huw I. GRIFFITHS 
Ph.D. in biology, Research institute for Environmental Science & Management, School of Geography & Earth Resources, 
University oí Hull, GB-Hull HU6 7RX, Cottingham Road 
dr. bid . znan., Research institute for Environmental Science & Management, School of Geography & Farth Resources, 
University of Hut!, G8-Hull HU6 7RX, Cottingham Road 

Anton BRANCELJ 
Ph.D. In biology, National institute of Biology, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Večna pot 111 dr, biol. znan., Inštitut 2a biologijo, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Večna pot 111 
ABSTRACT 
The fauna of Ostracoda in Slovenia is still poorly known. Equally poor are the taxonomic as well as ecological and zoogeographical studies made so far in respect of these freshwater crustaceans. In spite of it all, 47 taxa arranged in 2.2 genera have been discovered in Slovenia so far. The greater part of research still originates from the period prior to World War 11, although a substantial progress has been made in the last three years. The fact, however, that a number of species and even genera have still not been discovered in Slovenia, even though they have been confirmed in its immediate neighbourhood, remains. Among the most thoroughly researched habitats at the moment are caves, springs and upland lakes, while in the remaining surface waters hardly any research has been carried out so far. Also stated in the article are the only data on the Holocene and late Ice Age Ostrac.oda from the sediments found in Lake Bled, 
Key words: Crustacea, Ostracoda, Slovenia, fauna, habitats, paieotimnology Ključne besede: Crustacea, Ostracoda, dvokiopniki, Slovenija, favna, habitati, paleoiimnologija 
INTRODUCTION 

Slovenia represents a "biodiversity hotspot" within Europe (Gaston & Davis, 1994) and its importance for endemnicity freshwater hypogean species has been known for many years (e.g. HodaliC, 1993). Amongst these species are a number of freshwater Ostracoda, most described from the period before the 1939-1945 War, and little studied since then. Indeed, amongst the European freshwater Ostracoda, localised endemics are best known from hypogean, often karstic, waters (Danielopol, 1978) and from ancient lakes such as those on the borders of Macedonia (e.g. Mikulii, 1961). De­spite this, genera! faunistic knowledge of the freshwater Ostracoda of Slovenia is remarkably poor and, except for taxonomic studies, very few data are available. 
The ostracod faunas of the Balkans generally have been studied somewhat sporadically. That of Bulgaria has been reported on by Klie (1925, 1937a), Pctkovski (1964a) and Syvvula (1967), and a small number of con­tributions deal with the Ostracoda of Greece (e.g. Dan­ielopol, 1979, 1981; Petkovski & Keyset, 1992; Schefer, 1942; Stephanides, 1948). Within the republics of the former Yugoslavia, the history of research into micro-crustacean faunas dates to the start of this century but, despite this, published data on ostracods are scant. For Croatia, for example, published accounts are very lim­ited, with Car (1901) and Rogulj ef at. (1994) providing a small number of species records, although these are augmented by taxonomic papers dealing with taxa from the Island of Hvar (Danielopol, 1969) and the Sava River (Rogulj & Danielopol, 1994). Klie (1937b, 1939, 1941) describes several new taxa from the territories of the former Yugoslav republics, most of these being known from Montenegro, the environs of Skopje, Lake Skadar (Sbkocii?!') and Lake Ohrid, whilst the last of these is dis­
H . 1. GRIFFITHS, A. BRANCEU; PRELIMINARY LIST O F FRESHWATER OSTRACOD A (CRUSTACEA) FROM SLOVENIA, 201-210 
Fig. 1: Map with localities referred to the text (some nearby localities are indicated with a common spot). SI. 1: Karta do sedaj znanih najdišč dvoklopnikov (ne­katere bližnje lokalitete so označene s skupno piko). 
cussed further by the papers of Holmes (1937a,b) and Mikulicz (1953, 1961, 1969). To date, however, the best known part of the Balkans in terms of its Ostracoda is Macedonia, not only because of early contributions such as those of Lindner (1920, 1922) and Brehm (1939), but also by virtue of an extended run of articles by Dr. Trajan 
K. Petkovski of Skopje (see bibliography in Appendix 1). 

Although some of Petkovski's papers do mention os­tracod records from Slovenia (as reviewed here), only two short articles deal with Slovene ostracods specifi­cally. Walter Kite described three new species from caves in the vicinity of Ljubljana (as "Laibach") (Klie, 1935), and Petkovski & Meisch (1994) give details of a new species of Cvpria from the Ljubjansko Barje area. Further contributions include those of Klie (1931, 1939), which include single-species descriptions of Slovene species whilst, during revisionary studies, Danieiopol (1978, 1982) describes another Slovenian hypogean form. A recent synoptic article on Candona himucronata (Griffiths & Brancelj, in press) provides the first ecologi­cal dataset on Slovene ostracods, and includes informa­tion derived from five lakes in the Triglav National Park (TNP). in addition to this, several short check-lists that mention Slovene cave-dwelling ostracods have appeared (Sket & Brancelj, 1992; Sket, 1992; Bole et a/., 1993) and the first two of these attempt to assess their conservation status. (Of five species listed in the national Red Data List, Cypria reptans stygia, Pseudocandona cavicola, P. pretneri, P. trigonella and Fabaeformiscandona aemonae all are recognised as single-site endemics.) The only other original fauna! records to have appeared are those included in a review of the aquatic flora and fauna of the Triglav National Park (TNP) by Brancelj etai. (1995). 
Although workers have shown historical interest in the description of new species from the territory of Slovenia there has been almost no systematic study, and epigean species have attracted almost no attention at all, giving the impression that the ostracod fauna of Slovenia is extremely species-poor. Thus the purpose of the cur­rent article is to provide a baseline for renewed ostracod research in the Republic of Slovenia by reviewing the records available in the literature, and correcting some misconceptions that have arisen from these old records. We report also on preliminary results of new ostracod collections made in various parts of Siovenia, that in­clude the notification of several genera and species previously unrecognised from Slovenia. In the present work we aim to provide a preliminary check-list of the modern freshwater fauna which includes also published records arising from palaeolimnological studies of Hoio­cene lake deposits. As sampling is on-going and it is an­ticipated that further records of note will be uncovered in the near future, we do not attempt to give full and forma! site-based listings here, although collecting lo­calities mentioned in the text are shown in Fig. 1. 
PRELIMINAR Y CHECK-LIS T O F TH E FRESHWATE R 
OSTRACODA OF SLOVENIA 
Phylum or sub-phylum Crustacea PENNANT, 1777 Class Ostracoda LATREILLE, 1806 Sub-class Podocopa G.W. MÜLLER, 1894 Order Podocopida SARS, 1866 Sub-order Podocopina, SARS 1866 Superfamily Darwinuloidea BRADY & NORMAN, 1889 
Family Darwinulidae BRADY & NORMAN, 1889 Genus Darwinula BRADY & ROBERTSON, 1885 Oarwinuia stevensoni(BRADY & ROBERTSON, 1 870) 
Superfamily Cytheroidea BAIRD, 1850 Family Cytherideidae SARS, 1925 Sub-family Cytherideinae SARS, 1925 Genus Cytherissa (SARS, 1863) Cytherissa lacustris (SARS, 1863) Family Leptocytheridae HANAf, 1957 Genus Leptocythere SARS, 1925 Leptocythere fluviatiiis KLIE, 1939 Family Limnocytheridae KLIE, 1938 Sub-family Limnocytherinae KLIE, 1938 
Genus Limnocythere BRADY, 1867 Limnocythere inopinata (BAIRD, 1 843) Limnocythere sanctipatricii (BRADY & ROBERT­SON, 1869) 
Superfamily Cypridoidea BAIRD, 1845 Family llyocyprididae KAUFMANN, 1900 
Genus ilyocypris BRADY & NORMAN, 1889 
Ilyocypris biplicata (KOCH, 1858) 
Ilyocypris bradyi SARS, 1 890 
Ilyocypris gibba (RAMDOHR, 1808) 
Ilyocypris inermis KAUFMANN, 1900 

Family Candonidae KAUFMANN, 1900 
Sub-family Candoninae KAUFMANN, 1900 


H. !.GRIFFITHS, A. ßRANCELJ; PRELIMINARY UST O F FRESHWATER OSTRACOD A (CRUSTACEA) f ROM SLOVENIA, 201 
Genus Candona s.s. BAIRD, 1 845 
Candona bimucronata KLIE, 1 937 
Candona Candida (O.E. MÜLLER, 1776} 
Candona lindneri PETKOVSKi, 1969 
Candona neglecta SARS, 1887 

Genus Cryptocandona KAUEMANN, 1900 
Cryptocandona sp. indet. 
Genus Fabaeformiscandona KRSTl C 1972 
Fabaeformiscandona aemonae (KLIE, 1935) 
Genus Nannocandona EKMAN, 1914 
Nannocandona faba EKMAN, 1914 

Genus Pseudocandona KAUFMANN, 1900 Pseudocandona albicans (BRADY, 1864) Pseudocandona cavicola (KLIE, 1935) Pseudocandona eremita (VEjDOVSKY, 1882) Pseudocandona cf. marcbica (HARTWIG, 1899) Pseudocandona pretneri DANIELOPOL, 1978 Pseudocandona cf. pseudoparallela (LÖFFLER, 1961) Pseudocandona Irigonella (KLIE, 1931) 
Sub-family Cyciocypridinae KAUFMANN, 1900 Genus Cyclocypris BRADY & NORMAN, 1889 Cyclocypris laevis (Of. MÜLLER, 1776) Cyclocypris ovum (JURINE, 1820) Genus Cypria (ZENKER, 1854) Cypria bicolor PETKOVSKi & MEISCH, 1994 Cvpria exsculpta FISCHER, 1855 Cypria ophtalmica (JURINE, 1820) Cypria re plans stygia (KLIE, 1935) 
Genus Pbysocypria (VÄVRA, 1897) Physocypria cf. kiiei SCHÄFFER, 1934 Family Notodromatidae KAUFMANN, 1900 Sub-family Notodromafinae KAUFMANN, 1900 
Genus Notodromas LILLJEBORG, 1853 
Notodromas monacha (O.F. MÜLLER, 1776) 
Notodromas persicae GURNEY, 1921 

Family Cyprididae BAIRD, 1845 Sub-family Cypricercinae MCKENZIE, 1971 Genus Bradleycypris MCKENZIE, 1982 Bradleycypris obliqua (BRADY, 1868) Sub-family Dolerocypridinae TRIE8EL, 1961 Genus Doierocypris KAUFMANN, 1900 Dolerocypris sinensis SARS, 1903 Sub-family Herpetocypridinae KAUFMANN, 1900 Genus Psycbrodromus DANIELOPOL & MCKENZIE, 1977 
Psycbrodromus olivaceus (BRADY & NORMAN, 
1889) 
Psycbrodromus fontinalis (WOLF, 1920) 

Sub-family Eucypridinae BRONSHTEIN, 1947 
Genus Eucypris (VÄVRA, 1891) 
Eucypris pigra (FISCHER, 1851) 
Eucypris wrens (JURINE, 1820) 

Sub-family Cyprinotinae BRONSHTEIN, 1947 
Genus Heterocypris CLAUS, 1892 
Heterocypris incongrueris (RAMDOHR, 1808) 

Heterocypris reptans (KAUFMANN, 1900) 
Sub-family Cypridopsinae KAUFMANN, 1900 
Genus Cavernocypris HARTMANN, 1964 
Cavernocypris subterranea (WOLF, 1920) 
Genus Cypridopsis 8RADY, 1867 
Cypridopsis vidua (O.F. MÜLLER, 1776) 

Genus Potamocypris BRADY, 1870 Potamocypris fallax FOX, 1967 Potamocypris similis G.W. MÜLLER, 1912 Potamocypris smaragdina (VÄVRA, 1891) Potamocypris villosa (JURINE, 1820) Potamocypris zschokkei (KAUFMANN, 1900) 

CHECK-LIS T O F HOLOCEN E AN D LAS T CLACIATIO N LATE-GLACIAL SPECIES 
Although there has been a comparatively large amount of palaeolimnological work undertaken in Slovenia (e.g. Sercelj, 1996), the only study so far that gives details of freshwater ostracods is that of Löffler (1984). This deals with the palaeolimnology of Lake Bled. 
Here (H = Holocene, W = Late Würm): Darwinula stevensoni (BRADY & ROBERTSON, 1870) (H) Cytberissa lacustris (SARS, 1863) (H,W) Limnocythere sanctipatricii (BRADY & ROBERTSON, 1869) (H,W) Candona Candida (O.F. MÜLLER, 1776) (H,W) Cyclocypris cf. ovum (JURINE, 1 820) (H) Cypria opbtalmica (JURINE, 1820) (H) Potamocypris cf villosa (JURINE, 1 820) (H) 
NOTE S O N TH E SPECIE S REPORTE D T O DAT E 

Darwinula stevensoni BRADY & NORMAN, 1889 
This species was reported from Holocene Lake Bled by Löffier (1984). It is now common in the shallower ar­eas of the lake, above the zone of deoxygenation. 
Leptocythere fiuviatilis KLIE, 1939 
Although omitted from all recent check-lists of Slo­vene ostracods, this species appears to be a Slovene en­demic. The species is thus far known only from a single ill-defined locality, somewhere on the Krka River at Novo Mesto (Klie, 1939). The original description is very brief, but material from the type series (held in the Hamburg Zoological Museum) is re-described by Pet­kovski (sic) & Keyser (1992). 

Cytherissa lacustris (SARS, 1863) 
First reported from Slovenia as a Late Pleistocene 

H . 1. GRIFFITHS, A. BRANCELJ: PRELIMINARY LIST O F FRESHWATER OST RACO OA (CRUSTACEA) FROM SLOVENIA, 201-210 
subfossil from Lake Bled (Loftier, 1984), the species is now known from the modern Triglav area, including Lakes Bohinj and Bled. 
Umnocythere inopinata (BAIRD, 1843) 
A new record for Slovenia. This species shows an unusual pattern of "geographical" parthenogenesis (Mar­tens, 1994a). It is known from a small number of Slovene localities (e.g. swamp Šijec, lake Spodnje Kriško jezero ­TNP), but exclusively as all-female populations, 
Umnocythere sanctipatricii (BRADY & ROBERTSON, 1869) 
First reported subfossil from Lake Bled {Loffler, 1984), but now also known from the sub-littoral of Lake Bohinj (Griffiths & Brancelj, In press). 


Ilyocypris bradyi SARS, 1890 
Petkovski (1958a) reports having collected this spe­cies at an unnamed locality at Novo Mesto, and it has been found also in collections made at Obrh (near Lož) in September, 1993 and at spring Izvir nad Jezom (Krupa) in March, 1993. 

Ilyocypris biplicata (KOCH, 1838) 
Reported from Slovenia in collections made at Ljubljana (Petkovski, 1958a) although further details are lacking and there are no subsequent records. 
ilyocypris gibba (RAMDOHR, 1808) 
A new record from Slovenia, females having been collected at swamp Šijec in September, 1993. 

Ilyocypris inermis KAUFMANN, 1900 
A new record from Slovenia, based on a collection made at spring izvir Rižane (Koper) in June, 1994. 

Candona bimucronata KLIE 1937 
Originally described from Montenegro by Klie (1937b), and subsequently reported from Macedonia by Brehm (1939) and from Bosnia and Macedonia by Petkovski (1958b, 1959). The species now is known also from five sites in the TNP, including Lake Bohinj (Griffiths & Brancelj, in press). 
Candona Candida (O I. MULLER, 1776) 
This species was reported first from Holocene sedi­ments at Lake Bled (Loffler, 1984). It is now known from a large number of modern sites, e.g. lake Črno jezero, pud­del Dol pod Studorjem, lake Dupeijsko jezero, fake Rjavo jezero (all TNP), spring Izvir nad jezom (Krupa), river Miš­ca (Bled), cave Črna jama (part of cave system of Postojn­ska jama) and cave Marnena jama near Pivka. The species appears to be both common and widely distributed. 

Candona lindneri PETKOVSKI, 1 969 
This species was first reported from the Novo Mesto area (as C, neglecta) by Petkovski (1959) and also as C. a I to ides by Petkovski (1964a) (see Petkovski, 1969: 94). Since then, 2 males have been found in a collection taken at spring izvir Rižane (Koper) made in June, 1994. 
Candona neglecta SARS, 1887 
First reported from Slovenia from puddel Dol pod Studorjem (TNP) by Griffiths in Brancelj et al. (1995), the species also occurs (in small numbers) in Lake Bled and lake Rjavo jezero (TNP). 

Cryptocandona sp. indet. 
This genus is known thus far only from undetermined material taken at swamp Šijec in September, 1993. 


Faba e for mis candona aemonae (KLiE, 1935) 
An unusual triangulate species, described from two males, three females and larvae collected from drip-water pools in cave Podpeška jama near Videm (Klie, 1935), although now it appears to be widely distributed throughout this system (Griffiths & Brancelj, unpublished data). Bole et al. (1993) provide a further record from the same location on Dobrepolje, whilst Petkovski & Meisch (1994) list it from a spring izvir Ižice near Ig. Transferral to Fabaeformiscandona follows Meisch (1996). 
Nannocandona faba EKMAN, 1914 
The distribution of N. faba is reviewed by Marmonier & Danielopol (1988), and the first Slovene record is that from lake Jezero v Ledvicah (TNP) reported by Griffiths in Brancelj et al. (1995). Here the species was collected in the June of 1992 and 1993, and in September, 1992. 
Pseudocandona albicans (BRADY, 1864) 

The species, which is new for Slovenia, is known thus far only from undated material collected from vari­ous sampling stations at cave Osapska jama (Koper). 
Pseudocandona cavicola (KLIE, 1935) 
Originally described from cave Krika jama (Krka) by 

HJ . GRIFFITHS , A , BRANCEL) : PRELIMINAR Y LIST O F FRESHWATE R OSTRACOD A (CRUSTACEA ! FRO M SLOVENIA , 201-710 
K!ie (1935) although little other information is given in the description. There is a little confusion with regard to the identity of this species, particularly as the illustra­tions in Klie's (1935) paper leave a great deal to be de­sired. Daniefopol (1982) states that there is a possibility that P. cavicola may be synonymous with P. pretneri DANIELOPOL 1978. 

Pseudocandona eremita (VEJDOVSKY, 1882) 
The inclusion of P. eremita within the Slovene fauna is based solely on Paris (1920: 478). Paris states that a fe­male collected in May, 1914 from "Provin2 Krain (Au­triche). - Podpec Hohle, Podpec, Beszirk Gottschee" had been sent to him by jeannel and Racovitza. He also notes that the species has been found at "Prague et Agram" (i.e. Zagreb), Danielopol (1978) also lists P. eremita from se­veral localities in the former Yugoslav republics, inclu­ding cave PodpeSka jama (Videm) and cave Luknja near Novo Mesto, Zagreb, Skopje and Kosovska Mitrovica. 
Pseudocandona cf. marchica (HARTWIG, 1899) 
A new record for Slovenia. The record is provisonal, however, with the determination being based on a sin­gle, highly decalcified specimen taken from a well in Sranoslavct (NE Slovenia) in jurte, 1995. 
Pseudocandona pretneri DANIELOPOL, 1978 
Danielopol (1978) describes P. pretneri from a single individual taken at. Rak, a karstic spring in the vicinity of Postojna. No other locality details are given, and the original species description includes no illustrations. Danielopol (1982) provides drawings of the soft parts, SEM illustrations of the valves, and a location map. The species is known thus far from the type locality, and from the Cerknica region (see Bole eta!., 1993). 

Pseudocandona cf. pseudoparalleta (LOFFLER, 1961) 
Until recently P. pseudoparallela has been known only from the type locality in the upper catchment area of the Danube (Loffler, 1961). The species was reported from Slovenia (lake jezero na Planini pri jezeru - TNP) by Griffiths in Brancelj ef al. (1995). Despite this, the listing of the species from Slovenia is provisional, and based solely on valve material. Meisch (forthcoming) does not accept the validity of this species, considering it to be a junior synonym of P. albicans. 

Pseudocandona trigonella (KLIE, 1931) 
A poorly known and poorly described species. Klie's (1931) description deals with material collected by Dr. 
H. j. Stammer from "einem kleinen See am Ende eines als "Tartarus" bezeichneten Seitenganges der Adels­berger Höhle" (i.e. Postojna: Danielopol, 1978: 12). Ac­cording to Klie, the species was found in association with Ephemeropteran larvae and other ostracods, including Cypria ophtalmica and unidentified species of Potamocypris and Cypridopsis, 

Cypria exsculpta FISCHER, 1855 
A new record for Slovenia, although again the de­termination is provisional, being based on dead valves found in benthic samples taken from Lake Bohinj in September, 1993. 
Cypria ophtalmica (jURINE, 1820) 
This is one of the most common of all freshwater os­tracods. The first reports of the species in Slovenia are at Postojna (Klie, 1931) and the i. fluviatilis type locality at Novo Mesto (Klie, 1939). It has been reported since from eleven sites in the TNP (Griffiths in Brancelj et al., 1995) and has been found subsequently at a large num­ber of sites throughout the country. 
Cypria rep tans stygia (KLIE, 1935) 
Another of those species described by Klie (1935) (but as Cypria stygia). The original report gives few details, other than that 3 males and 15 females were taken at cave Podpeäka jama near Videm/Dobrepolje. Petkovski (1976) places C. stygia into synonymy with C. reptans BRONSHTEIN, 1928 but maintains subspec.ific ranking. C. r. stygia has been considered generally as a Slovene endemic, although Petkovski (1976) notes material from both Montenegro and northern Italy. Although it is possible that C. r. stygia may still represent an endangered taxon as suggested by Sket & Brancelj (1992), this can not be justified on the grounds on endemnicity alone. Till now Slovene localities are known from Dobrepotje, i.e. cave PodpeSka jama (Bole et al., 1993) and spring izvir I2ice, near Ig (Petkovski & Meisch, 1994). We have further material (27 females, 3 juveniles) taken from a bank-side seep near the Limnological Station at Lake Bled in September, 1993. 
Cyclocypris laevis (Of . MÜLLER, 1776) 
A new national record, despite being a very com­monly-distributed species. C. laevis is known from a number of sites, including lake Zeleno jezero (TNP) and Lake Bled. 

Cyclocypris ovum (JURINE, 1820) 
Originally listed from Holocene Lake Bled by Loffler (1984) as C cf. ovum, the species has been found also 
H.I. GRIFFITHS , A. SRANCEl) : PRELIMINAR Y LIST O f FRESHWATER OST S ACOD A !CRUSTACEA ) FRO M SLOVENIA , 201-210 
Fig. 2: Cypria ophtalmica (!URINE, 1820} is one of the most common of ail ostracods. It was found at a large number of sites throughout Slovenia (Photo: A. Bran­celj). Si. 2: Cypria ophtalmica (JURINE, 1820) je ena najbolj pogostih vrst dvoklopnikov. V Sloveniji je bila doslej najdena na številnih lokalitetah (Foto: A. Brancelj). 

at several sites in the TNP (Griffiths in Brancelj et al., 1995). It appears to be common in standing waters throughout Slovenia. 
Notodromas monacha (O.F. MÜLLER, 1776) 

Thus far known only from the papers of Petkovski, who states that he has the species "auseinem VViesen­tümpel bei Volčji Potok, Ljubljana in Slovenien (leg. R. Grupcer, 9.10.1958)" (Petkovski, 1959). 
Notodromas persicae GURNEY, 1921 

Described by Petkovski (1959) as "Auf Jugoslawien ist sie von Dr. St. Karaman in der Ljubljana-Höhle bei Ljubljana gefunden wordet; det. Klie,...". There are no subsequent records. 

Bradleycypris obliqua {BRADY, 1868) 

A new Slovene record, based on specimens taken at lake Cerkniško jezero in the winter of 1993. The generic taxonomy of Cypricercinae, which has been rather con­fused over recent years, is discussed by Martens (1994b). 

Dolerocypris sinensis SARS, 1903 
This species is known from a single record published by Petkovski (I960), who states that the species was found in "ein vegetationsreiche Grube bei Ljubljana, 8.6.1958 - Slovenien", juveniles ascribed of Dolerocyp­ris sp. were collected from lake Rjavo jezero (TNP) in September 1993, although their specific identity cannot be confirmed. 
Psychrodromus fontinalis (WOLF, 1920) 
A new Slovene record, this spring-dwelling species is known from a number of sites, including the seep near the Lake Bled Limnoiogical Station (collected Septem­ber, 1993), rivers Mišca and Ribčev graben (Bled; De­cember, 1993). A recent account of the genus is given by Baitan-Els ef al. (1993). P. fontinalis is usually con­sidered to be central European, although these records, plus one from Split, Croatia, are the most southerly for the species yet reported (Baltan-Els eta!,, 1993). 
Psychrodromus olivaceus (BRADY & NORMAN, 1889) 
A new record for Slovenia, this rheophilic species is known from 15 females taken from river Mišca (Bled) in December, 1995. 
Eucypris pigra {FISCHER, 1851) 
A new Slovene record. Thus far known only from two adult valves, certainly subrecent, collected from the cave Mejame near Divača in September, 1992. 

Eucypris viren s (j URINE, 1820) 
A new Slovene record, based on material collected from lake Cerkniško jezero in the winter of 1993, 


Heterocypris incongruens (RAMDOHR, 1808) 
A new Slovene record. The species is known from material from puddel Mlaka v dolu pod Studorjem (TNP) {dated July and September, 1992) and was also col­lected from the littoral of Lake Bled in September, 1994. 
Heterocypris reptans (KAUFMANN, 1900) 
"Eucypris reptans s. str. überliessen mir Dr. Marjan Rejc und Dr. Boris Sket, beicie aus Ljubljana, die sie in den Küstesnahen Gegenden Sloweniens und Dalmatiens sammelten". {Petkovski, 1964b: 163). This rare species is now known to belong properly within Heterocypris (see Meisch, 1993). Although Meisch does note the species' presence from Croatia, he does not list the Slovene re­cord, and there are no recent reports. 
Cavernocypris subterránea {WOLF, 1920) 
C. subterránea was reported first from 5 females and 8 juveniles taken at lake Rjavo jezero (TNP) in Septem­ber, 1993 (Griffiths in Brancelj eí al., 1995). The species 

H . i. GRIFFITHS, A, BRANCELJ: PRELIMINARY UST OF FRESHWATER OSTRACOD A (CRUSTACEA) FROM SLOVENIA, 201-21(1 
is afso known from the previously-mentioned seep in the banks of Lake Bled (1 female, September, 1993)and from cave Marnena jama near Pivka (I female, April, 1993). Formerly placed within Cypridopsis s.s., formal transfer to Cavernocyprisfollows Marmonier etal. (1989). 
Cypridopsis vidua (O.F. MULLER, 1776) 
Although new record for Slovenia, this is an ex­tremely common freshwater ostracod. C. vidua is known from females collected at several sites in the TNP, in lake Cerkniško jezero near village Dolenje jezero, in lake Podpeško jezero near Ljubljana and the shallows (depth 
<0.2 m) of Lake Bled, it has been collected also at other standing water localities, including swamp šijec. 

Potamocypris fallax FOX, 1967 
New for Slovenia, this species was originally de­scribed from streams in the UK (Fox, 1967) and is now wideiy-known throughout Europe. In Slovenia it is re­corded only from 2 females taken at river Mišca (Bled) in December, 1993. 

Potamocypris simtiis G.W. MULLER, 1912 
Previously unreported from Slovenia, this taxon is known from material collected in September, 1992 at a spring at Vršič, Trenta, at 1350 m asi, and front material indentified as P. cf. similis from swamp Šijec collected in September, 1993. 

Potamocypris smatagdina (VAVRA, 1891) 
New to Slovenia, the only record for this species to date is in material taken at swamp Šijec in September, 1993. 
Potamocypris villosa (JURiNE, 1820) 
Known from Holocene Lake Bled (Loffler, 1984) (as 

P. cf. villosal and from a single female in an undated collection from cave Osapska jama (Koper). 
Potamocypris zscbokkei (KAUFMANN, 1900) 
This species was first reported from Slovenia in col­lections taken in reservoir Močilec (TNP) in September, 1992 (Griffiths in Brancelj ef a/., 1995) and has been found since in the shallows of Lake Bled in the vicinity of a shore-line seep. 
NOTES O N FURTHER RESEARCH 

Although the present work considerably increases the data available on freshwater Ostracoda from Slovenia, there is still a considerable amount of research that re­mains to be undertaken. For example, a number of genera that clearly should be represented in the fauna remain un­recorded, notably: Herpetocypris BRADY & NORMAN, 1889, Mixlacandona (KLIE, 1938), Tonnacypris DIEBEL & PIETRZENIUK, 1975, Scottia BRADY & NORMAN, 1889, Sarscypridopsis MCKENZIE, 1977, Isocypris G.W, MULLER, 1908, Sradieystrandesia BROODBAKKER, 1983, Metacypris BRADY & ROBERTSON, 1870 and Cypris O.F. MÜLLER, 1776. Fuithemore, within the genera presently known, Pseudocandona, Fabaefor­miscandona and Eucyprisare clearly under-represented. 
In addition to this, there remain several problems relating to species described from Slovenia. First amongst these is the enigmatic Leptocythere fiuviatilis, which has not been seen since described in 1939. Moreover, there is the unresolved question of the possi­ble synonymy of Pseudocandona cavicola with P. pret­neri (Danielopol, 1982), which can only be resolved through the study of larger series of material. The ques­tion also remains as to whether further species remain to be described from Slovenia, and particularly from hypo­gean environments in the Slovene karst. Ostracods re­main under-researched in many parts of Europe, and the latest new forms to be described from the Balkans have been as recent as 1994 for Slovenia (Petkovski & Meisch, 1994), 1993 for Croatia (Rogulj & Danielopol, 1993), and 1995 and 1996 for Macedonia (Petkovski (sic) & Keyser, 1995; Petkovski & Meisch, 1996). 
Lastly comes the question of the conservation status of those species described as Slovene endemics. Cer­tainly, at least in the case of C. r. stygia, it is clear that this taxon is not genuinely endemic, but the status of the other species, including all those described by Klie in the 1930s and Danielopol's taxon from 1978, remain un­known, and data on their exact distributions and abun­dances are not available. It is hoped that those data pre­sented here will help to spur further interest in the group. 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT S 

This study was supported by grants from the NERC (United Kingdom) to HIG, and from the Ministry of Sci­ence and Technology (Slovenia) to AB. HIG would like to express his thanks to Dr. Boris KrySufek for his help in collecting some of the samples discussed in this article. Prof. dr. Matija Gogala kindly provided facilities at the Slovene Museum of Natural History during the course of the field-work. During the identification of the material discussed in this monograph we were fortunate enough to have in our possession a preprint of the volume on fresh­water Ostracoda from the series ßrauser's Süsswasser­fauna Mitteleuropas, provided by Dr. Claude Miesch of the National Museum of Natural History in Luxembourg, it is a great pleasure to acknowledge this kindness. 
H . I. GRIfRTHS , A. BRANCEU : PRELSMINARV EtSTO E FRESHWATE R OSTRACOD A (CRUSTACEA ) FRO M SLOVENIA , ZOI-21 0 
POVZETEK 
Članek povzema dosedanje poznavanje razširjenosti sladkovodnih rakov dvoklopnikov (Ostrac.oda) v Sloveniji. Na podlagi lileratumih podatkov in nabranega materiala je z ozemlja Slovenije doslej ugotovljenih 47 taksonov dvoklopnikov, ki so uvrščeni v 22 rodov. Mednje so vključene tudi še nedoločene vrste in vrste, katerih taksonomski status še ni povsem določen. Šest taksonov je doslej označenih za slovenske endemite. Vendar ostaja še odprto vprašanje natančnega taksonomskega položaja nekaterih, v seznamu navedenih vrst. Pri nekaterih izmed njih ni bilo navedeno natančno najdišče, pri drugih pa je bilo najdenih premalo osebkov, da bi lahko z gotovostjo potrdili samostojen takson. Ne glede na to pa lahko tudi na podlagi dosedanjega poznavanja favne dvoklopnikov potrdimo, da je Slovenija ena izmed "biodiverzitetnih vročih točk". Med naštetimi taksoni je približno polovica takih, ki doslej niso bili znani z ozemlja Slovenije. Večji del vrst je bilo najdenih v jamah, izvirih ali v visokogorskih jezerih, ostanke nekaterih vrst pa so našli tudi v/ sedi m en tu Blejskega jezera. Zlasti preseneča skoraj popolno nepoznavanje favne dvoklopnikov v površinskih vodah. To le potrjuje predvidevanja, da lahko ob intenzivnejših raziskavah pričakujemo povečanje števila vrst, in sicer tako na račun že znanih vrst kot tudi na račun novih, za znanost še neznanih vrst. 
Dosedaje raziskave so bile nesistematične, z izjemo morda visokogorskih jezer. Omejene so bile večinoma le na območje jugozahodno od Save, Z drugih območij Slovenije še ni nobenih podatkov oz. so šele v fazi obdelav. Za­nimivih in predvsem za znanost novih vrst si lahko obetamo zlasti iz intenzivnejših raziskav podtalnice, izvirov in jam. Ob sistematičnem raziskovanju površinskih voda pa bomo dobili popolnejšo podobo razširjenosti vsaj najbolj pogostih površinskih vrst. Analiza oz. primerjava slovenske favne s favno sosednjih dežel je pokazala, da je še veliko rodov oz. vrst, za katere v Sloveniji še ni nobenih podatkov o njihovem pojavljanju, v sosednjih pokrajinah pa so splošno razširjene vrste. To velja tudi za njihovo razširjenost znotraj posameznih zoogeografskih regij ali po posameznih habitatih. 
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APPENDIX 1: 
Papers dealing with Yugoslav Ostracoda by Trajan K. 
Petkovski. 

Petkovski, T.K. (1957). Zweiter Beitrag zur Kenntnis der 
Ostracoclen-fauna Jugoslawiens. Folia Balcanica, Institut 
de Pisciculture de la Rei Publicae Macédoine, 1(9): 51­
56. Petkovski, T.K. (1958a). Süsswasser-ostracoden aus Ju­goslawien II. Subfam, llyocyprinae. Fragmenta Balcanica Musei Macedonia Sciential Lim Naturalium, 2(8): 55-57. Petkovski, T.K. (1958b). Zwei neue Ostracoden aus dem Dojransee. Biološki Glasnik: Societati Scientiarium Naturalium Croatia, 11: 29-34. Petkovski, T.K. (1959a). Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Ostra-coden-Fauna Jugoslawiens (V). Istanbul University Fen Fakültesi Hiclrobiologi (Series B), 4: 159-155. Petkovski, T.K. (1959b). Süsswasserostracoden aus Ju­goslavian VI. Acta Musei Macedonici Scientiarum Natu­ralium, 6(3): 53-75, Petkovski, T.K. (1960a). Zwei neue ostracoden aus dem Ohrid- und Prespasee, Izdanija Institut de Pisciculture de la Rei Publicae Macedoine, 3(2): 57-65. 
Petkovski, T.K. (1960b). Zur Kenntnis der Crustaceen 
des Prespasees. Fragmenta Balcanica Musei Macedonici 
Scientiarum Naturalium, 3(15): 117-131, 
Petkovski, T.K. (1960c). Süsswasserostracoden aus Ju­
goslavien VIL Fragmenta Balcanica Musei Macedonici 
Scientiarum Naturalium, 3(12): 99-106. 
Petkovski, T.K. (1961). Zur Kenntnis der Crustaceen des 
Skadar- (Scutari-) Sees. Acta Musei Macedonici Scien­tiarum Naturalium, 8(2): 29-52. 
Petkovski, T.K, (1964a). Bemerkenswerte Entomostraken 
aus Jugoslawien. Acta Musei Macedonici Scientiarum 
Naturalium, 9(7): 147-181. 
Petkovski, T.K. (1969a). Zwei neue f-imnocytbere-Arten 
aus Mazedonien (Crustacea, Ostracoda). Acta Musei Macedonici Scientiarum Naturalium, 12(1): 1-18, 1 pl. 
Petkovski, T.Ii, {1969b). Einige neue und Bemerkens­werte Candoninae aus dem Ohridsee und einigen anderen Fundorten in Europa, Acta Musei Macedonici Scientiarum Naturalium, 11 (5): 81-111, 2 pis. Petkovski, T.J. (1976). Zwei neue und eine seltene Os­tracoden-art der gattung Cypria ZENKER aus Jugosla­vien, (Nebst einer Bestimmunstabelle der europäischen Arten), Acta Musei Macedonici Scientiarum Naturalium, 14 (7): 1 74-1 92. 
Petkovski, T.K. & Keyser, D. (1992). Leptocythere os­trovskensis sp. n.. (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Cytheracea) aus dem See Vegoritis (Ostrovsko Ezero) in NW Greichenland. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 89: 227-237. Petkovski (sie), T.K. & Keyser, D. (1995). Neue und seltene limnische Ostracoden aus Mazedonien (Crus­tacea: Ostracoda, Podocopida}. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 92: 295-314. 
Petkovski, T.K. & Meisch, C . (1994). Cypria bicolor n. sp., a new crenobiont freshwater ostracod (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from Slovenia. Bulletin de la Société des Naturalistes luxembourgeois, 95: 229-236. Petkovski, T.K. & Meisch, C. (1995). Interesting fresh­water Ostracoda (Crustacea) from Macedonia. Bulletin de la Société des Naturalistes luxembourgeois, 96: 167­
183. Petkovski, T.K. & Meisch, C. (1996). Species of genus Stenocypris SARS, 1889 from the rice-fields of Macedo­nia (Crustacea, Ostracoda). Travaux scientifiques du Musée national d'histoire naturelle de Luxembourg, 23: 57-85. Petkovski, T.K., Meisch, C. & Wouters, K. (1993). Taxo­nomic revision of the freshwater Ostracoda species Cypridopsis iusatica SCHËFER, 1943 (Crustacea). Tra­vaux scientifiques du Musée national d'histoire naturelle de Luxembourg, 19: 49-66, Petkovski, T.K. & Griffiths, HJ . (in preparation). Interest­ing ostracods of genus Hemicypris (Ostracoda, Podo­copida, Cypridoidea) from Macedonia and Sri Lanka.