Shimizu Takao. 2016. Dates, validity and spelling of Japanese stoneflies (Plecoptera) described by Shonen Matsumura. Illiesia, 12(06):27-30. Available online: http://illiesia.speciesfile.org/papers/Illiesia12-06.pdf http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E4A2ABFD-0D5D-43E8-86B8-78DBC215DAE3 Illiesia – http://illiesia.speciesfile.org Volume 12 – Number 6 – Page 27 DATES, VALIDITY AND SPELLING OF JAPANESE STONEFLIES (PLECOPTERA) DESCRIBED BY SHONEN MATSUMURA Takao Shimizu Hiraka 2666-24, Saku-shi, Nagano Pref., 385-0034, Japan E-mail: kawagera@mac.com ABSTRACT Information in Matsumura (1931a) reveals the actual publication dates of the previously named Nemoura japonica Matsumura 1904 and Dictyopterygella frequens Matsumura 1905. Nemoura japonica Needham 1905 is recognized as a primary junior homonym, and Nemoura hikosan Shimizu is proposed as new replacement name for the species. Also, Rhabdiopteryx japonica Okamoto 1922 is synonymized with Nemoura japonica Matsumura. Some of Matsumura’s specific names were misspelled in the literature, the correct original spellings are: Nemoura japonica, Dictyopterygella frequens, Nemoura humeralis, Nemoura sachalinensis, Nemoura hirayamai and Apteroperla yazawai. Keywords: synonymy, homonymy, original spelling of names, Japan INTRODUCTION Though the late Professor Shonen Matsumura (1872-1960) described many Japanese insects in several publications, only two papers were so far believed to contain descriptions of stoneflies. In “Erster Beitrag zur Insekten-Fauna von Sachalin” (Matsumura 1911), the names Nemoura humeralis and Nemoura sachalinensis, were explicitly proposed for new species. In his other work “6000 illustrated insects of Japanese-Empire” (Matsumura 1931a), the names Dictyopterygella frequens, Nemoura hirayamai, Nemoura japonica and Apteroperla yazawai, were used and the species described without an indication that they were new species, except for A. yazawai. Matsumura (1931a) proposed a new genus and a new family, Apteroperlidae for Apteroperla yazawai, and Matsumura (1931b) even listed this species as one of his newly described species in the illustrated book but did not mention the other three names. The author reports on the actual dates of the first descriptions of the three stoneflies by Matsumura. The Entomological Laboratory of Hokkaido University (1949) listed the entomological publications of Matsumura in the Journal Matsumushi, and most of the older publications were checked in this study. All of his descriptions must be recognized as available while including objectively invalid names or nomina dubia. Misspellings of some of Matsumura’s specific names was noticed and the correct original spelling is presented. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Taenionema japonica (Matsumura 1904) http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid:Plecoptera.speciesfile.org: TaxonName:479455 Shimizu Takao. 2016. Dates, validity and spelling of Japanese stoneflies (Plecoptera) described by Shonen Matsumura. Illiesia, 12(06):27-30. Available online: http://illiesia.speciesfile.org/papers/Illiesia12-06.pdf Illiesia – http://illiesia.speciesfile.org Volume 12 – Number 6 – Page 28 Lectotype: A male “April 28, Maruyama, Sapporo, Hokkaido” in The Hokkaido University Museum, Sapporo. The collected year and the collector’s name are not printed. Nemoura japonica Matsumura 1904. p. 157 & fig 4 in plate 10. — Matsumura 1907. p. 52 & plate 42; Matsumura 1931a. p. 1425 with figure. Nemoura misnoma Claassen 1936, p. 623. — Claassen 1940, p. 59; Kohno 1964, p. 32; Kawai 1960, p. 134; Illies, 1966, p. 469; Kawai 1967, p. 32; Kawai 1976, p. 39, treated as nomen nudum. Nemoura misnosa [sic], Shimizu 1997a, p. 532, found syn. of Rhabdiopteryx japonica Okamoto 1922. This species was treated as a junior homonym of Nemoura japonica Needham 1905 and renamed as Nemoura misnoma by Claassen (1936). In Matsumura (1904) the date of publication was specified as 10 September 1904 and included a description and illustration of the characters. Shimizu (1997a) found that this species was synonymous with Taenionema japonicum (Okamoto 1922). Shimizu (1997a) attempted to designate the lectotype of Nemoura misnoma with the syntype of Nemoura japonica Matsumura in his collection of Hokkaido University, and the lectotype is now redesignated for Nemoura japonica Matsumura 1904. According to the rule of priority in zoological nomenclature, both Nemoura japonica Needham 1905 and Nemoura misnoma Claassen 1936 must be rejected, as a primary homonym and as an unnecessary replacement name, respectively. Nemoura japonica Matsumura, 1904 is a senior synonym of Rhabdiopteryx japonica Okamoto 1922 and has since been transferred to the genus Taenionema. Taenionema japonicum (Matsumura 1904) is the valid name of the species, and T. japonicum (Okamoto 1922) is its secondary junior homonym. While the late Dr. Hanjiro Okamoto (1882-1960) studied under the late Prof. Shonen Matsumura, Okamoto (1922) unfortunately ignored the description of the present species. It seemed to be thought that Matsumura’s works were scientifically invalid, except his work in 1911, in those days in Japan. Nemoura hikosan nomen nov. http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid:Plecoptera.speciesfile.org: TaxonName: 491561 Nemoura japonica Needham 1905, p. 110. Syntype (male & female) from Mt. Hikosan, Kyushu, Japan. — Okamoto 1922, p. 36; Kohno 1964, p. 32; Illies 1966, p. 468; Kawai 1967, p. 32; Kawai 1976, p. 40; Shimizu et al. 2005, p. 279 fig. 23-6. The description in Shimizu et al. (2005) is a misidentification. In 1998, the syntypes were examined by the present author. The syntypes were misplaced in the vial labeled “Austroperla cyrene (Newman)”. Apparently, Needham examined the species just before describing Nemoura japonica Needham, 1905, perhaps leading to a female of Austroperla being placed in a vial with the label “female of Nemoura japonica, Hikosan, Buzen. 23th Aug ’02” which indicated the type specimen. The identity of this species will become clear after revisionary work on the related species, i.e. this species is probably restricted to western Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu. The features of another similar species that is widely distributed in eastern Honshu were illustrated by Shimizu et al. (2005). Kawai (1967) also described the same species under the name of Nemoura sachaliensis Matsumura based on specimens from eastern Honshu. Dictyopterygella frequens Matsumura 1905 http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid:Plecoptera.speciesfile.org: TaxonName:7436 Dictyopterygella frequens Matsumura 1905, Illustrated as an exemplification of Plecoptera, fig. 111 in page 187. — Matsumura 1907. p. 52 & plate 38; Matsumura 1931a. Illustrated as an exemplification of Plecoptera in page 1420; Brinck 1954, p. 199; Illies 1966, p. 511, treated as nomen dubium; Kawai 1976, p. 40, treated as nomen nudum. Dictyogenus frequens (Matsumura): Kohno 1964, p. 34. This species is now treated as a nomen dubium and the status is still questionable. Matsumura (1907) described the characteristics of this species as follows: body dark brown, vertex of head and median line of prothorax yellow; wings greyish Shimizu Takao. 2016. Dates, validity and spelling of Japanese stoneflies (Plecoptera) described by Shonen Matsumura. Illiesia, 12(06):27-30. Available online: http://illiesia.speciesfile.org/papers/Illiesia12-06.pdf Illiesia – http://illiesia.speciesfile.org Volume 12 – Number 6 – Page 29 white and sub-hyaline, rather reduced venation, bearing 8 crossveins between media and cubitus 1, and 5 cross-veins between cubitus 1 and 2; legs and cerci dark yellow; body length 9-12 mm and wing expanse 27-33 mm long. Matsumura (1907) probably measured from dry specimens. Also, he commented that this species was as common as Nemoura japonica Matsumura at that time. The color looks similar to that of the genus Stavsolus, but no information on the locality is given in his description. Still, the identity of this species cannot be settled without his specimens. Nemoura humeralis Matsumura 1911 http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid:Plecoptera.speciesfile.org: TaxonName:6285 Primary junior homonym of Nemoura humeralis Pictet 1836 Nemoura humeralis Matsumura 1911, p. 11. — Okamoto 1922, p. 34. Nemoura matsumura Claassen 1936, p. 623. — Claassen 1940, p. 59; Illies 1966, p. 469; Kawai, 1976, p. 40; nomen dubium. Matsumura (1911) described the species with a female specimen from Shiraraka, Sakhalin Island, and provided limited features. So, the status of this species is questionable. Nemoura sachalinensis Matsumura 1911 http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid:Plecoptera.speciesfile.org: TaxonName:479404 Nemoura sachalinensis Matsumura 1911, p. 11. — Okamoto 1922, p. 35, figs. 6 & 7 in plate V; Claassen 1940, p. 62; Kohno 1964, p. 32; Shimizu 1997b, p. 215, figs. 14. 53 & 56; Zhiltzova 2003, p. 291. Nemoura sachaliensis [sic], Kawai 1960, p. 134. — Illies 1966, p. 212; Kawai 1967, p. 32, fig. 15e&f (misidentification); Kawai 1976, p. 18. Both Illies (1966) and Kawai (1967) misspelled the name as sachaliensis. Nemoura hirayamai Matsumura 1931 http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid:Plecoptera.speciesfile.org: TaxonName:6413 Nemoura hirayamai Matsumura 1931a, p. 1425 with figure. — Matsumura 1933, p. 20 & 29, fig. 5 in plate 13; Claassen 1940, p. 56; Shimizu 1997a, p. 532, found syn. of Nemoura fulva (Šámal 1921). Nemoura hirayamae [sic], Kawai 1960, p. 134. — Kohno 1964, p. 32. Illies 1966, p. 212; Kawai 1967, p. 32; Kawai 1976, p. 39, treated as nomen nudum. Matsumura (1931a, b) did not state that the name was new in the illustrated book, and no earlier publication has been found among his works. The date of publication of this species is probably 1931. Incidentally, the original spelling of the name is hirayamai. However, Illies (1966) and Kawai (1967) spelled the name hirayamae. Illies (1966) erroneously suggested that hirayamai in Claassen (1940) was a misspelling. Apteroperla yazawai Matsumura 1931 http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid:Plecoptera.speciesfile.org: TaxonName:5124 Apteroperla yazawai Matsumura, 1931a, p. 1426 with figure. — Matsumura 1931b, p. 200; Matsumura 1933, p. 20 & 29, plate V-12; Shimizu 1997a, p. 533, fig. 1. Lectotype (female) designation, Mts. Tateyama, Japan; Shimizu & Negoro 2007, p. 58, figs. 1-4. Description of male and female. This species was described as the type of the genus Apteroperla Matsumura, 1931 and the genus treated as the type of the family Apteroperlidae Matsumura, 1931. The family name is a junior synonymy of Capniidae Banks, 1900. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank Dr. Zwick of Schlitz, Germany for his appropriate and careful advice to my draft, and Mr. R. E. Hoebeke of Cornell University, Ithaca for the loan of type specimens. I thank the editors and anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, which helped me to improve the manuscript. REFERENCES Brinck, P. 1954. On the classification of the Plecopteran subfamily Perlodinae: Opuscula Entomologica, Supplementum, 19:190-201. Entomological Laboratory of Hokkaido University. Shimizu Takao. 2016. Dates, validity and spelling of Japanese stoneflies (Plecoptera) described by Shonen Matsumura. Illiesia, 12(06):27-30. Available online: http://illiesia.speciesfile.org/papers/Illiesia12-06.pdf Illiesia – http://illiesia.speciesfile.org Volume 12 – Number 6 – Page 30 1949. List of publications of Dr. S. Matsumura in entomology. Matsumushi, Sapporo, 3:94-95 & 125-128. [Japanese] Claassen, P.W. 1936. New names for stoneflies (Plecoptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 29: 622-623. Claassen, P.W. 1940. A catalogue of the Plecoptera of the world. Memoir - Cornell University, Agricultural Experiment Station, 232: 1-235. Illies, J. 1966. Katalog der rezenten Plecoptera. Das Tierreich – Eine Zusammenstellung und Kennzeichnung der rezenten Tierformen, 82:1- 631. Kawai, T. 1960. Studies on the holognathous stoneflies of Japan, VI. A revision of the family Nemouridae. Mushi, 34:115-136. Kawai, T. 1967. Plecoptera (Insecta), Fauna Japonica. Biogeographical Society of Japan, Tokyo. 211 pp. Kawai, T. 1976. A catalogue of Japanese Plecoptera. Nara Hydrobiology, 5:5-46. Kohno, T. 1964. The list of the Japanese Plecoptera. Gewdsser und Abwasser, 34/35:32-36. Matsumura, S. 1904. The illustrated thousand insects of Japan, Vol. 1. Tokyo-shoin, Tokyo. [Japanese]. http://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/832864 Matsumura, S. 1905. Late Entomology. Kenseisha, Tokyo. [Japanese]. http://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/832689 Matsumura, S. 1907. Insect Taxonomy, Vol. 1/2. Kenseisha, Tokyo. [Japanese]. http://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/832686 Matsumura, S. 1911. Erster Beitrag zur Insekten- Fauna von Sachalin. Journal of the College of Agriculture, Tohoku Imperial University, 4:1- 145 + 2 pls. https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=vi ew_citation&hl=en&user=oMYoju0AAAAJ&cita tion_for_view=oMYoju0AAAAJ:XiSMed-E-HIC Matsumura, S. 1931a. 6000 illustrated insects of Japanese-Empire. Tokyo-shoin, Tokyo. [English and Japanese]. http://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/1145547 Matsumura, S. 1931b. New genera and new species described in “6000 illustrated insects of Japanese-Empire”. Insecta Matsumurana, 6:199- 200. https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=vi ew_citation&hl=en&user=oMYoju0AAAAJ&cst art=20&pagesize=80&citation_for_view=oMYoju 0AAAAJ:Wp0gIr-vW9MC Matsumura, S. 1933. Illustrated Common Insects of Japan. Vol. V Neuroptera/ Orthoptera/ Odonata. Shunyodo, Tokyo. Pls. 20 & 100pp. + 5pp. [English and Japanese] Needham, J. G. 1905. New genus and species of Perlidae. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 18:107-110. Okamoto, H. 1922. Zweiter Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Japanischen Plecopteren. Bulletin of the Agricultural Experiment Station, Government- General of Chosen, 1 (1):1-46, plates I-VI. Šámal, J. 1921. O nektery'ch novy'ch a malo znamy'ch druzich Plecopter Asijsko Australske oblasti. Casopis Ceske Spolecnosti Entomologicke 18:14-24, 58-71. Shimizu, T. 1997a. Designation of lectotypes of three Japanese stoneflies (Plecoptera), with reference to the genus Apteroperla Matsumura. Japanese Journal of Entomology, 65:531-535. Shimizu, T. 1997b. The species of the Nemoura ovocercia group (Plecoptera: Nemouridae). Aquatic Insects, 19:193-218. Shimizu, T., K. Inada & S. Uchida 2005 Plecoptera. Pages 237-290. In Kawai, T. & K. Tanida [editors]. Aquatic Insects of Japan: Manual with Keys and Illustration. Tokai University Press, Hadanoshi, Japan. [Japanese] Shimizu, T & H. Negoro 2007. Three species of the genus Apteroperla (Plecoptera: Capniidae) from the North Japan Alps (Hida Mountains). Bulletin of the Toyama Science Museum, 30:57- 62. [Japanese with English Abstract] Zhiltzova, L. A. 2003. Insecta, Plecoptera, Vol. 1, Issue 1: Plecoptera Group Euholognatha. Fauna of Russia and Neighbouring Countries. New Series No. 145:537 pp. Submitted 7 May 2016, Accepted 25 July 2016, Published 11 August 2016 Hosted and published at the University of Illinois, Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, Illinois, U.S.A.