PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) ON RIVERINE GRAVEL TERRACES IN WESTERN SLOVENIA FITOCENOLOŠKI OPIS RASTIŠČ VRSTE SALVIA HISPANICA (LAMIACEAE) NA PRODIŠČIH V ZAHODNI SLOVENIJI Igor DAKSKOBLER1, Urban ŠILC2 & Branko VREŠ3 ABSTRACT Phytosociological description of sites of Salvia hispanica L. (Lamiaceae) on riverine gravel terraces in western Slovenia In late summer and autumn (late August, beginning of November) of 2018 we observed a mass occurrence (more than 500 specimens) of Salvia hispanica, commonly known as chia, on gravel bars of several rivers in western Slovenia (the Soča and the Sava river basins). It was blooming on many sites in the first half of November, but low daily temperatures in the second half of the month prevented seed development. This Central-American (Mexico, Guatemala) species, which is distributed as a crop also outside its native range, grew mainly in initial plant communities of riverine gravel terraces classified into associations Polygono lapathi-foliae-Salicetum eleagni (described as new), Chaerophyllo--Petasitetum officinalis and Bidenti frondosae-Panicetum barbipulvinati nom. prov. The dominating species in these associations are perennials or hemicryptophytes (50%) and annual plants - therophytes (32%). The proportion of alien species (neophytes) is 22% and the proportion of species originating in America is 10%. The warmer climate with less precipitation and less frequent high waters in the last decade, combined with the fact that chia seeds are a commercially available food product or an ingredient in various foods (nutrients), increases the likelihood of successful seed production in chia plants and their distribution in nature. The threat of Salvia hispanica becoming an invasive species is therefore serious. Key words: Chia, alien (adventive) species, plant com-munites, riverine gravel terraces, syntaxonomy, Slovenia http://dx.doi.org/10.3986/fbg0053 IZVLEČEK Fitocenološki opis rastišč vrste Salvia hispanica (Lamiaceae) na prodiščih v zahodni Sloveniji V poznem poletju in v jeseni (druga polovica avgusta-prva polovica novembra 2018) smo na prodiščih nekaterih rek v zahodni Sloveniji (povodji Soče in Save) ugotovili množično pojavljanje vrste Salvia hispanica, poznamo jo pod imenom čija (skupno več kot 500 primerkov). Na precej nahajališčih je v prvi polovici novembra tudi cvetela, razvoj semen pa zaradi bolj hladnih dni v drugi polovici tega meseca ni bil več mogoč. Srednjeameriška vrsta (Mehika, Gvatemala), ki je kot kulturna rastlina že precej razširjena tudi zunaj svoje domovine, je rasla predvsem v inicialnih združbah prodišč, ki jih uvrščamo v asociacije Polygono la-pathifoliae-Salicetum eleagni (opisali smo jo kot novo), Cha-erophyllo-Petasitetum officinalis in Bidentifrondosae-Panice-tum barbipulvinati nom. prov. V njih ob trajnicah oz. he-mikriptofitih (50 %) prevladujejo enoletnice - terofiti (32 %). Delež tujerodnih vrst (neofitov) je 22 %, delež vrst, ki so doma v Ameriki, pa 10 %. Zaradi toplejšega podnebja z manj padavinami in redkejšimi visokimi vodami v zadnjem desetletju in ker so semena čije v prosti prodaji ali kot sestavina različnih živil (hranil), je večja možnost za uspešno semen-itev rastlin in njeno širjenje v naravi. Obstaja resna nevarnost, da bo vrsta Salvia hispanica v prihodnjih letih postala invazivka. Ključne besede: čija, tujerodne vrste, prodišča, rastlinske združbe, Slovenija 1 Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Institute of Biology, Regional Unit Tolmin, Brunov drevored 13, SI-5220 Tolmin, Igor.Dakskobler@zrc-sazu.si 2 Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Institute of Biology, Novi trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Urban@ zrc-sazu.si 3 Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Institute of Biology, Novi trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, BraneVr@zrc-sazu.si FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1, 129-185, LJUBLJANA 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) 1 INTRODUCTION The centre of origin of Salvia hispanica (family Lamia-ceae) is in mountain areas of central and southern Mexico and Guatemala, in the tropical and subtropical climate, at elevations between 400 to 2500 m a.s.l. The plant is intolerant to freezing (frost) in all development stages. It grows in environments where minimum temperatures rarely drop below 11 °C and the maximum temperature does not exceed 36 °C, with an optimum range of 16 to 26 °C. Being a short-day plant (12 to 13 hours), its period of growth and flowering depends on the latitude of its location. In the Northern Hemisphere chia begins to flower in October. Its seeds were one of the four staple foods in the diet of Central American civilizations in the pre-Columbian era (Ba-ginsky et al. 2017). Due to the composition of its seeds (fats, carbohydrates and proteins) - see Costantini et al. (2014), chia is cultivated not only in both countries of origin, but also in Paraguay, Bolivia, Colombia, Peru, Argentina and Australia. Seeds are exported from Mexico also to the United States of America, Japan and Europe (Baginsky et al. 2017). Chia seed has been allowed as an ingredient of food products in the market of the European Union since 2009, or 2013 (Commission Decision 2009/827/EC (2) of 13. 10. 2009; Commission Implementing Decision of 22. 1. 2013). More recently, since 2012, certain European countries have reported its subspontaneous occurrence, in particular on gravel terraces and ruderal sites (Verloove 2015, Verloove et al. 2018, Sauberer & Till 2015, Hohla 2016, Aymerich 2016, Kaplan et al. 2018, Shah & Coulson 2018, Martini, in litt.). In this articles Salvia hispanica is mainly considered a casual alien species that does not form self-sustaining populations in the natural environment. Experiments in Slovenia several years ago (2013) in Novo Mesto also demonstrated that the tested samples of chia did not bloom and produce seeds, despite vigorous growth (180 cm), which was attributed to photoperiodism, as it is not adapted to the length of our days (or nights) - Kreft, in litt. Salvia hispanica was first photographed in Slovenia on 23 August 2018 on gravel terraces of the Bača River near the village of Koritnica (photo I. Daksko-bler). We identified it as an alien species, a member of the mint family (Lamiaceae), at the excavation site on a conglomerate embankment at Tolmin in mid-September 2018 (leg. I. Dakskobler), and determined it when the plant developed buds (det. B. Vreš, 21 October 2018). On the gravel terraces along the Bača, Tolminka and Soča rivers it flowered in the first half of November 2018 (photo I. Dakskobler), at about the same time as the specimen collected on the gravel terrace and cultivated at home (photo B. Vreš) - Dakskobler et al. (2018). Its occurrence was monitored simultaneously with phytosociological research of gravel terraces in western Slovenia. As phytosociological conditions on subspontaneous localities of this Central-American species in Europe have not yet been studied in more detail, this paper provides an insight into its localities in Slovenia. 2 METHODS Vegetation of gravel terraces along the rivers in western and partly central Slovenia (the Soča, Tolminka, Idrijca, Bača, Nadiža, Sava Bohinjka, Sava) was studied applying the Braun-Blanquet (1964) method. The relevés were entered into the FloVegSi database (Fauna, Flora, Vegetation and Paleovegetation of Slovenia) of the Jovan Hadži Institute of Biology at ZRC SAZU (T. Seliškar, Vreš & A. Seliškar 2003) and arranged into Table 1 based on hierarchical classification. We transformed the combined cover-abundance values with numerical values (1-9) according to van der Ma-arel (1979). Numerical comparisons were performed with the SYN-TAX 2000 program package (Podani 2001). The relevés were compared by means of "(unweighted) average linkage method" - UPGMA, using Wishart's similarity ratio. The nomenclatural source for the names of vascular plants are the Mala flora Slovenia (MFS - Martincic et al. 2007), Flora alpina (Aeschimann et al. 2004a,b) and Gallaso et al. (2018). The names of syntaxa follow Theurillat (2004), Silc & Carni (2012) and Mucina et al. (2016). In the classification of species into phytosociological groups (groups of diagnostic species) we mainly refer to the Flora alpina (Aeschimann et al. 2004 a,b). The geographic coordinates of relevés from Slovenia are determined according to the Slovenian geographic coordinate system D 48 (5th zone) on the Bessel ellipsoid and with Gauss-Kruger projection. The study area is geologically very diverse (Buser 2009), which is reflected in variegated pebbles, especially along the Baca and Idrijca rivers (limestone and dolomite as well as marlstone, chert, claystone, tuff). 130 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) Limestone pebbles dominate along the Soča, Tolminka, Nadiža and Sava Bohinjka. The climate in the lower, partly also in the central areas of the Bača and Idrijca valleys, as well as in the Soča Valley downstream from Tolmin, is relatively warm. Mean annual temperature is (9) 10 -11 °C (Cegnar 1998). A slightly lower (9 °C -10 °C) mean annual temperature is along the Soča between Tolmin and Kobarid, and along the Nadiža, whereas mean annual temperature in the stretch along the upper Bača, the Soča between Srpe-nica and Žaga, and along the Sava Bohinjka between Soteska and Nomenj is (7) 8 - (8) 9 °C (Cegnar, ibid.). Mean annual precipitation volume is 1800 to 3000 mm (Zupančič 1998). Rivers are torrential and release large amounts of sediments every year (Bača around 700 m3/ km2 of sediments - Paulič, 1995). A distinct absence of previously almost annual heavy rainfall in spring and autumn months that we have witnessed in the last decade has led to low water levels and exposed gravel terraces (Dolinar 2018, Hrvatin & Zorn 2018). This became especially obvious in the warm, although not droughty year of 2018, when there was no substantial rainfall between April and November. 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Distribution of Salvia hispanica in Slovenia and the most frequent accompanying species The distribution of Salvia hispanica in Slovenia was determined based on 68 relevés and 7 floristic records (Figure 1). The localities are situated at 70 to 480 m a.s.l., in the Alpine, pre-Alpine and sub-Mediterranean phytogeo-graphical region of Slovenia. Most of them are along the Baca River and along the Tolminka River near Tolmin (Figure 2). 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 Figure 1: Distribution of Salvia hispanica in Slovenia, according the data obtained from September to November 2018 Slika 1: Razširjenost vrste Salvia hispanica v Sloveniji po podatkih iz obdobja od septembra do novembra 2018 131 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) Figure 2: Localities of Salvia hispanica in western and partly central Slovenia, according to the data in autumn 2018 Slika 2: Nahajališča vrste Salvia hispanica v zahodni in deloma osrednji Sloveniji, stanje jeseni 2018 Based on the analysis of 68 relevés in Table 1 we can determine which species occur the most frequently on the sites of Salvia hispanica. More than 48 relevés (70% of all relevés) comprise Plantago major s. str., Salix elea-gnos, Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia, Melilotus albus, Polygonum mite, P. lapathifolium, Panicum barbipulvi-natum (P. capillare subsp. barbipulvinatum, syn. P. ri-parium), Setaria pumila, Artemisia vulgaris, Myosoton aquaticum, Mentha longifolia s. lat., Saponaria officinalis, Sonchus asper, Agrostis stolonifera, Petasites hybridus and Poa annua. Among a total of 356 determined taxa, 77 (22 %) were alien species or cultivated species that had escaped from gardens, including 35 (10%) American species. With the exception of the stretch along the Baca and Idrijca downstream from the confluence with the Baca, and in Tolmin (on the gravel below the cemetery at Sv. Urh and along the Tolminka), the number of chia specimens detected at individual localities was small (from one to not more than ten). The total number of observed plants in the relevés is nevertheless estimated to be more than 500. 3.2 Phytosociological description of sites of Salvia hispanica in Slovenia Using hierarchical classification we compared 68 relevés of communities that comprised the studied species (Figure 3). Based on the obtained dendrogram we arranged the relevés into Table 1. The group of five relevés in the right part of the dendrogram (Figure 3) and Table 1 stands out the most, with relevé 64 characterising an open stand of a grey willow shrub community (Salice-tum eleagno-purpureae) and relevé 65 characterising an atypical ruderalised community on the embankment of the Sava River, where the underlying bedrock is admixed with claystone. Relevés 66 and 67 with dominant taxa Bidens frondosa and Panicum barbipulvinatum are classified into the provisional new association Bidenti frondosae-Panicetum barbipulvinati nom. prov. (Salso-nion ruthenicae, Digitario sanguinalis-Eragrostietea mi-noris). Relevé 68 characterises a ruderal community with dominant Ranunculus repens and Artemisia verlo-tiorum (Dauco-Melilotion, Artemisietea vulgaris). 132 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) 0,850,80 t 0,75 -j 0,70 0,65 -0,60 0,550,50 "ï 0,45 -j 0,40 r 0,35 "ž 0,30 -j 0,25 "ž 0,20 -j 0,15 0,10 "ž 0,05 0,00 X [B Al XI fi il Al il HMN^lOO^Nr n\o N^® M oir^ T^O M ^ O^ (O Figure 3: Dendrogram of stands with Salvia hispanica in western and central Slovenia, UPGMA, 1-similarity ratio Slika 3: Dendrogram sestojev z vrsto Salvia hispanica v zahodni in osrednji Sloveniji, UPGMA, 1-similarity ratio All other relevés characterise initial plant communities of riverine gravel terraces. So far, in western Slovenia phytosociological research of such initial plant communities has been conducted only for the gravel terraces along the Soča near Bovec (T. Wraber 1965: Leontodonti berinii-Chondrilletum; ČušiN & Šilc 2006: Salici-Myricarietum), the Nadiža (ČušiN 2001: Epilobio--Scrophularietum caninae) and along the Idrijca (Dakskobler 2010: Chaerophyllo-Petasitetum officinalis). Petkovšek (1966) described a similar initial community of gravel terraces and river embankments along the central and lower courses of rivers in central, eastern and southwestern Slovenia and classified it into the association Calistegio-Salicetum purpureae. In order to compare the relevés with Salvia hispanica with stands of the last three associations (initial plant communities on gravel terraces near Bovec are quite different) we made a synoptic table (Table 2) comprising the following syn-taxa (which were named after we had conducted the comparisons): PlSe Polygono lapathifoliae-Salicetum eleagni, this article, relevés 1-27 in Table 1; PlSe-Sa Polygono lapathyfoliae-Salicetum eleagni, this article, relevés 28-38 in Table 1 (relevés from the Soča Valley between Volarje and Žaga and from the Sava Bohinjka Valley); ChPo-Ba Chaerophyllo-Petasitetum officinalis, this article, relevés 39-46 in Table 1 (the upper part of the Bača Valley from the hamlet Humar to Podbrdo); PlSe-ne Polygono lapathifoliae-Salicetum eleagni, this article, relevés 47-54 in Table 1 (atypical relevés from the valleys of the Soča, Bača, Nadiža and Sava Bohinjka); PLSe-To, Polygono lapathifoliae-Salicetum eleagni, this article, relevés 55-63, initial plant community on gravel terraces of the Tolminka River near Tolmin; ESc-Na Epilobio-Scrophularietum caninae, the Nadiža Valley, ČušiN (2001, Table 1); ChPo-Id Chaerophyllo-Petasitetum officinalis, the Idrijca Valley, Dakskobler (2010, Table 1); CsSp Calystegio-Salicetum purpureae, central and southeastern Slovenia, Petkovšek (1966) The listed syntaxa were mutually compared using hierarchical classification, which produced the dendrogram in Figure 4: 133 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) ¡t es 0,80 0,75 0,70 : 0,65^ 0,60 0,55 7 0,50 0,45 -j 0,40 0,35 0,300,25 0,20 : 0,15 7 0,10 0,05 -j 0,00 CsSp Figure 4: Dendrogram of various forms of gravel terraces communities in Slovenia (UPGMA, 1-similarity ratio) Slika 4: Dendrogram različnih oblik prodiščnih združb v Sloveniji (UPGMA, 1-similarity ratio) The comparison shows that gravel site stands with Salvia hispanica are floristically very different from the stands of associations Epilobio-Scrophularietum ca-ninae and Calystegio-Salicetum purpureae. Floristic similarity with the stands of the association Chae-rophyllo-Petasitetum officinalis is slightly higher and this association could also comprise stands along the upper course of the Baca between Humar and Podbr-do. While Petasites hybridus usually occurs also in other relevés, in places even with higher coverage, other diagnostic species of the association, such as Chaerophyllum hirsutum, Filipendula ulmaria and Ae-gopodium podagraria, and in particular the diagnostic species of the class Mulgedio-Aconitetea, into which this association is classified (Silc & Carni 2012, Mu-ciNA et al. 2016), are very rare. The stands along the lower course of the Tolminka near Tolmin are the most initial, but cannot be classified into any of the three associations described above because they do not comprise enough character species of any of said associations. The analysis by groups of diagnostic species and life forms (Tables 3 and 4) also shows differences between the compared syntaxa. The proportion of diagnostic species of the class Thlaspietea rotundifolii in the stands of the association Epilobio-Scrophularietum caninae is about 15%, and only 5% or less in the studied communities. Initial gravel terraces along the Nadiza have a significantly smaller proportion - less than 15% - of ruderal and segetal annuals from classes Papaveretea rhoeadis (Stellarietea mediae), Sisymbrie-tea and Digitario sanguinalis-Eragrostietea, whereas other compared communities always comprise more than 20% of these species. Characteristic for the stands of the association Epilobio-Scrophularietum is the absence of species of the class Bidentetea tripartiti (summer-annual pioneer vegetation of seasonally flooded nutrient-rich river alluvia, lacustrine banks and heavily nutrient-loaded anthropogenic habitats of boreo-temperate Europe and North Africa) and a relatively high relative proportion of species of dry grasslands and thermophilous fringe communities (nearly 15%). In terms of life forms the community is dominated by 134 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) hemicryptophytes (almost 60%), whereas the proportion of therophytes is smaller than in any other compared community. Characteristically, stands of the association Chae-rophyllo-Petasitetum officinalis in the Idrijca Valley have comparatively the highest proportion of species of classes Bidentetea and Filipendulo-Convolvuletea (semi-natural fringe vegetation on banks of rivers and other water bodies of temperate Europe and the Mediterranean), and comparatively the highest proportion of species of the class Mulgedio-Aconitetea and alliances Tilio-Acerion and Alnion incanae. In terms of life forms this community comprises comparatively the highest proportion of geophytes. Stands of the association Calystegio-Salicetum pur-pureae comprise a very small proportion of scree species of the class Thlaspietea rotundifolii and its lower syntaxonomic units; also relatively small is the proportion of species of the class Papaveretea rhoeadis (Stella-rietea mediae), whereas comparatively the highest is the proportion of species of classes Salicetea purpure-ae, Artemisietea vulgaris, Galio-Urticetea and in particular of classes Filipendulo-Convolvuletea and Phra-gmiti-Magnocaricetea, and order Agropyretalia inter-medio-repentis. Compared to our relevés, life forms comprise a slightly higher proportion of hemicrypto-phytes and a slightly smaller proportion of thero-phytes. The studied gravel bar communities in which Salvia hispanica germinated and flowered in late summer and autumn 2018 are characterised by a predominating proportion of ruderal and segetal annuals and tall herbs of ruderal and semi-ruderal sites on nutrient-rich soil and a relatively small proportion of species characteristic for gravel terraces of mountain rivers. The predominating life forms are hemicryptophytes and therophytes. Pebbles in the studied gravel terraces, in particular those along the Baca River, are often mixed with sand. This is partly due to the geological composition of the area where this river flows, i.e. frequent admixtures of claystones, marlstone and chert in the predominantly calcareous bedrock, and partly due to the anthropogenic impact on the river course and partial transformation of the river bed that started already 120 years ago with the construction of the railway line and continued to the present day with various interventions, including construction of embankments and small hydroelectric power plants. Analyses and comparisons that have been conducted demonstrate the complexity of classification of the studied communities into a syntaxonomic system. In terms of development, in favourable conditions the community of grey and red willow (Salicetum eleagno- -purpureae) develops on these gravel terraces. It is marked by the presence of saplings and in places also low shrubs of grey willow (Salix eleagnos), partly also red willow (Salix purpurea) and black poplar (Populus nigra). If, for already stated reasons, the community is not named after the butterbur (Petasites hybridus), priority should be given to the species that can form the next development stage, even though that stage frequently does not develop. In the studied community it is the willows and black poplar that indicate at least a probability of higher permanence. However, at the same time we also have to take into consideration a frequently transitory nature of the studied community, which is a result of the weather conditions and occasionally also of direct human interventions. One of the species that are common in the studied gravel terraces, both in terms of constancy and medium coverage, and manifest this transitory nature is Polygonum lapathifo-lium. It is a character species of the class Bidentetea. In the studied community it indicates nutrient-rich gravel terraces and its seasonal, late summer-autumn peak of development. In terms of site ecology (gravel deposits and river banks), the studied gravel bar communities are rather similar to those classified by Petkovsek (1966) into the association Calystegio-Salicetum purpureae. The species he identified as character species and are frequent in our relevés include Saponaria officinalis, Rubus caesius, Solanum dulcamara and Agrostis stolo-nifera, partly also Lycopus europaeus, whereas Typhoi-des arundinacea (Phalaris arundinaceae), Calystegia sepium and Anthriscus sylvestris are very rare and Silene baccifera (Cucubulus baccifer) completely absent. Petkovsek (ibid.) classified his association into the class Bidentetea. A character species of this class that is common to both communities is Polygonum mite, but Polygonum lapathifolium and Bidens frondosa are missing in Petkovsek's relevés, while Bidens tripartita is missing in ours. Frequent in both compared communities are also Polygonum persicaria, Erigeron annuus, Chenopodium album, C. polyspermum, Urtica dioica, Artemisia vulgaris, Myosoton aquaticum, Conyza canadensis, Agropyron repens, Galeopsis pubescens, Solidago gigantea, Impatiens glandulifera, Scrophularia canina, Microrrhinum minus, M. littorale, Tanacetum vulgare and Equisetum arvense. Both communities also comprise certain willows, with Salix eleagnos much more frequent in our relevés and Salix purpurea in Petkovsek's. Populus nigra is absent in his relevés, whereas our relevés are without Salix fragilis and S. alba as well as Alnusglutinosa. Some species diagnostic for our community are missing in Petkovsek's relevés, such as Petasites hybridus, P. paradoxus, Silene vulgaris 135 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) and Scrophularia nodosa, as well as certain very frequent species such as Mentha longifolia, Barbarea vulgaris, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Plantago lanceolata, P. major, Solanum nigrum, Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia, Sonchus asper, Poa annua, Cerastium sylvaticum, Medi-cago lupulina, Galium mollugo, Leontodon hispidus, Daucus carota, Rumex obtusifolius, Cirsium oleraceum, Epilobium parviflorum, Verbascum thapsus, Ballota nigra, Geranium robertianum and several others, whereas Echinocystis lobata, Lysimachia vulgaris and Gratiola officinalis are missing in our relevés. Due to low floristic similarity our stands cannot be classified into the association Calystegio-Salicetum purpureae, despite similar ecology and certain shared species. We therefore decided to describe a new association Polygono lapathifoliae-Salicetum eleagni, into which we classify communities rich in (semi)ruderal and segetal annuals and tall herbs on relatively nutrient-rich gravel terraces along the middle course of mountain rivers that are a successional stage towards shrub communities of willows and black poplar (Salicetum eleagno-purpureae, Salicetum albae). The diagnostic species of the new association are Salix eleagnos, Polygonum lapathifolium, Myosoton aquaticum, Petasi-tes hybridus, Agrostis stolonifera, Melilotus albus, Scrophularia nodosa, Solanum dulcamara, Silene vulgaris and Petasites paradoxus. They indicate a transitional form of gravel bar communities between the stands of associations Epilobio-Scrophularietum caninae and Chaerophyllo-Petasitetum officinalis, and demonstrate a significant ecological, and to a lesser extent floristic similarity with stands of the association Calystegio-Sa-licetum purpureae. The nomenclatural type of the new association, holotypus hoc loco, is relevé 5 in Table 1. The new association can be classified into two different higher syntaxonomic units. In terms of site characteristics, this is the vegetation of gravel terraces of mountain rivers and could therefore be classified into the alliance Epilobion fleischeri (syn. Salicion incanae), order Epilobietalia fleischeri and class Thlaspietea ro-tundifolii. The problem with such classification is that most of the diagnostic species of the alliance and order are either very rare in the studied community or have not been recorded at all. Another option is to consider the entire species composition of the community and the predominating proportion of species that belong to various types of anthropogenic vegetation. We propose a new alliance Polygono miti-Salicion eleagni all. nov. (initial communities of nutrient-rich gravel terraces along the middle and lower course of mountain rivers with willows and short-lived annuals) into which we classify also the association Calystegio-Salicetum purpureae Petkovsek 1966. Diagnostic species of the new alli- ance are Salix eleagnos, Salix purpurea, Polygonum mite, P. lapathifolium, P. persicaria, Diplotaxis tenuifolia, Artemisia vulgaris, Galeopsis pubescens, Myosoton aquaticum and Saponaria officinalis. The new alliance is classified into the order Convolvuletalia sepium and class Epilobietea angustifolii. According to the analysis of groups of diagnostic species such classification is more appropriate than classification into the class Bidentetea. The nomenclatural type of the new alliance, holotypus hoc loco, is the association Polygono lapathifoliae-Salice-tum eleagni. 3.3 Review of the studied syntaxa Digitario sanguinalis-Eragrostietea minoris Mucina, Lososová et Silc in Mucina et al. 2016 Eragrostietalia J. Tx. ex Poli 1966 Salsolion ruthenicae Philippi ex Oberd. 1983 Bidenti frondosae-Panicetum barbipulvinati nom. prov. Artemisietea vulgaris Lohmeyer et al. in Tx. Ex von Rochow1951 Onopordetalia acanthii Br.-Bl. et Tx. ex Klika et Hadac1944 Dauco-Melilotion Görs ex Rostanski et Gutte 1971 Ranunculus repens-Artemisia verlotiorum community prov. Epilobietea angustifolii Tx. et Preising ex von Rochow 1951 Convolvuletalia sepium Tx. ex Moor 1958 Poygono miti-Salicion eleagni all. nov. Polygono lapathifoliae-Salicetum eleagni ass. nov. Mulgedio-Aconitetea Hadac et Klika in Klika et Hadac 1944 Petasito-Chaerophylletalia Morariu 1967 Petasition officinalis Sillinger 1933 Chaerophyllo-Petasitetum officinalis Kaiser 1926 Salicetea purpureae Moor 1958 Salicetalia purpureae Moor 1958 Salicion eleagno-daphnoidis (Moor 1958) Grass 1993 Salicetum eleagno-purpureae Sillinger 1933 3.4 Assessment of invasiveness of Salvia hispánica in Slovenia The plants we saw flowering in 2018 were unable to successfully develop seeds. The abundant occurrence of Salvia hispanica on gravel terraces of rivers in western Slovenia may be at least partly attributed to weather conditions (very warm autumn, low water levels). 136 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) Many foods and foodstuffs used in Slovenia already comprise chia seeds and these have obviously made their way to nature. Two predictions can be made: - Salvia hispanica will occasionally occur on gravel terraces and similar ruderal sites, gravelly and talus slopes and embankments, in the colline and submontane belt, but the population will not persist in the same localities for consecutive years. - Gradually, a stable population will develop that will be able to successfully complete the entire development cycle on certain localities. As a result, chia will invade riverine plant communities, not only on gravel terraces, but also on embankments and in open gaps in riverine stands as well as on other ruderal and segetal sites in the colline and submontane belt. 4 CONCLUSIONS The Central-American species Salvia hispanica (Mexican chia) is a crop whose seeds are used in certain foods that have become popular and freely available in recent years also throughout Europe. In recent years, several European countries have reported its subspontaneous occurrence on ruderal sites, embankments and river gravel terraces. In Slovenia it germinated, grew and even flowered in late summer and autumn of 2018 quite abundantly (at least 500 specimens), mainly on gravel terraces along the middle and lower course of torrential mountain rivers in western, and partly the central part of the country, and completed its development cycle (except for seeds) in the period between mid-August and mid-November. The weather conditions were extremely favourable, with warm autumn, little rainfall and very few days with temperatures near frost. Salvia hispanica was, in particular along the Baca River, one of the most constant species in the relatively nutrient-rich gravel bar community that we classify into the association Polygono la-pathifoliae-Salicetum eleagni and is a developmental stage towards the community of grey and red willow (Sa-licetum eleagno-purpureae). Stands of the association Polygono lapathifoliae-Salicetum eleagni frequently comprises also other short-lived annuals, character species of various groups of anthropogenic vegetation. These include a number of alien species, including those considered invasive in Slovenia (Erigeron annuus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Impatiensglandulifera, Helianthus tubero-sus, Solidago gigantea, Bidens frondosa, Panicum barbi-pulvinatum, Buddleja davidii, Senecio inaequidens, Artemisia verlotiorum and others). For now, Salvia hispanica does not have the status of an invasive species in Europe as it is assumed unable to self-sustain and spread further into local plant communities. Its occurrence therefore depends on seeds that are introduced into these communities via foods in various ways, but always with indirect human intervention. Based on the phytosociological analysis of the communities in which this Central-American species grew in western Slovenia in autumn 2018, climate prognoses as well as its increased cultivation and use, and taking into account possible development of adapted genotypes we estimate that the threat of this species becoming invasive in Central and Southern Europe is serious. 5 POVZETEK Srednjeameriška vrsta Salvia hispanica (mehiška čija) iz družine Lamiaceae je tudi kulturna rastlina, katere semena so vsebovana v nekaterih živilih, ki so v zadnjih letih v pogosti prodaji in uporabi tudi v Evropi. V zadnjih letih v nekaj evropskih državah opažajo njeno subspontano pojavljanje na ruderalnih rastiščih, breži-nah in prodiščih rek. V Sloveniji je v poznem poletju in jeseni 2018 precej množično (najmanj 500 primerkov) vzklila, zrasla in v novembru celo cvetela predvsem na prodiščih srednjega in spodnjega teka gorskih hudourniških rek v zahodnem in deloma osrednjem delu države (Nadiža, Soča, Tolminka, Bača, Idrijca, Sava Bohinj- ka, Selška Sora, Sava), in ves razvojni cikel (razen semen) naredila v času od srede avgusta do srede novembra. Vremenske razmere so bile zelo ugodne, topla jesen z malo padavinami in zelo redkimi dnevi s temperaturami blizu slane. Še posebej ob reki Bači je bila v tem letu ena izmed najbolj stalnih vrst v s hranili razmeroma bogati prodiščni združbi, ki je razvojna stopnja proti združbi sive in rdeče vrbe (Salicetum eleagno-purpure-ae) in jo uvrščamo v novo asociacijo Polygono lapathifo-liae-Salicetum eleagni. V tej združbi so pogoste tudi druge kratkožive enoletnice, značilnice različnih skupin antropogene vegetacije. Med njimi je precej tujerodnih 137 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) vrst, tudi take, ki jih v Sloveniji obravnavamo kot inva-zivke (Erigeron annuus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Impatiens glandulifera, Helianthus tuberosus, Solidago gigantea, Bidens frondosa, Panicum barbipulvinatum, Bud-dleja davidii, Senecio inaequidens, Artemisia verlotio-rum idr.). Nekatere prodiščne sestoje, v katerih se pojavlja vrsta Salvia hispanica v zgornjem delu doline Bače med domačijo Humar in Podbrdom in kjer je v zeliščni plasti pogost navaden repuh (Petasites hybridus), uvrščamo v asociacijo Chaerophyllo-Petasitetum officinalis. Na dveh krajih, pri sotočju Idrijce in Trebušice in ob Savi pri Ježici (tam manj očitno), smo oljno kaduljo (čijo) popisali v zelo vrzelastih grmiščnih sestojih z vrbami (Salicetum eleagno-purpureae s. lat.). Pri Tolminu pa smo jo opazili tudi v bolj ruderalni združbi na izkopu konglomeratne brežine, v kateri sta prevladovali vrsti Bidens frondosa in Panicum barbipulvinatum in jo zača- sno uvrščamo v asociacijo Bidenti frondosae-Panicetum barbipulvinati nom. prov., in v še bolj ruderalni združbi na peščenih tleh, s prevladujočima vrstama Ranunculus repens in Artemisia verlotiorum. Vrsta Salvia hispanica za zdaj v Evropi še nima statusa invazivke, saj predpostavljamo, da se ni sposobna sama ohranjati in se naprej širiti v tukajšnje rastlinske združbe, torej je njeno pojavljanje vezano na semena, ki iz živil na različne načine, a vedno s posrednim človekovim posredovanjem, pridejo vanje. Na podlagi fi-tocenološke analize združb, v katerih je jeseni leta 2018 uspevala v zahodni Sloveniji, podnebnih prognoz in povečane gojitve in uporabe, z možnostjo razvoja prilagojenih genotipov, ocenjujemo, da je resna nevarnost, da ta srednjeameriška vrsta v srednji in južni Evropi postane invazivna. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Dr. Tatjana Celik, Ljudmila Dakskobler, Eva Turk and Doc. Dr. Boris Turk helped us in the field or laboratory work. Iztok Sajko prepared Figure 2 for print. We would like to thank Prof. Dr. Fabrizio Martini for the data on Salvia hispanica in Friuli Venezia Giulia and Italy, Academician Prof. Dr. Ivan Kreft for data on older experiments with chia in Slovenia, and Dr. Georg Pflugbeil for the determination of Guizotia abyssinica. Academician Dr. Mitja Zupančič helped us with valuable improvements and corrections. We acknowledge the financial support from the Slovenian Research Agency (research core funding No. P1-0236). English translation by Andreja Šalamon Verbič. REFERENCES - LITERATURA Aeschimann, D., Lauber, K., Moser, D. M. & Theurillat, J.-P.. 2004a: Flora alpina. Bd. 1: Lycopodiaceae-Apiaceae. Haupt Verlag, Bern, Stuttgart, Wien, 1159 pp. Aeschimann, D., Lauber, K., Moser, D. M. & Theurillat, J.-P.. 2004b: Flora alpina. Bd. 2: Gentianaceae-Orchida-ceae. 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Fridl, D. Kladnik, M. Orožen Adamič & D. Perko (eds.): Geografski atlas Slovenije. Država v prostoru in času. Državna založba Slovenije, Ljubljana, pp. 98-99. Photos / Fotografije (Photo/Foto: I. Dakskobler) Figure 5: Stand of the association Bidenti frondosae-Panicetum barbipulvinati at Tolmin Slika 5: Sestoj asociacije Bidenti frondosae-Panicetum barbipulvinati pri Tolminu 140 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) Figure 6: Stand of the association Chaerophyllo hirsuti-Petasitetum officinalis at Podbrdo Slika 6: Sestoj asociacije Chaerophyllo hirsuti-Petasitetum officinalis pri Podbrdu Figure 7: Stand of the association Polygono lapathifoliae-Salicetum eleagni at Bača pri Modreju Slika 7: Sestoj asociacije Polygono lapathifoliae-Salicetum eleagni pri Bači pri Modreju 141 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) Figure 8: Salvia hispanica on gravel bars of Bača at Bača pri Modreju in the first half of November 2018 Slika 8: Oljna kadulja (Salvia hispanica) na prodiščih Bače pri Bači pri Modreju v začetku novembra 2018 142 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) 143 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) Table 1: Communities with Salvia hispanica in Slovenia Preglednica 1: Združbe z vrsto Salvia hispanica v Sloveniji Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Database number of relevé (Delovna številka popisa) 272214 272215 272227 8 2 2 2 7 2 272220 272221 8 7 7 2 7 2 272780 2 8 7 2 7 2 272781 272783 272784 272763 272770 Elevation in m (Nadmorska višina v m) o m 3 14 12 8 3 3 6 4 3 5 7 5 7 6 0 2 6 0 2 0 12 0 12 0 12 0 12 6 0 2 6 0 2 Aspect (Lega) NW 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Slope in degrees (Nagib v stopinjah) 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Parent material (Matična podlaga) Pr Pr Pr Pr Pr Pr Pr Pr Pr Pr Pr Pr Pr Pr Soil (Tla) Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Stoniness in % (Kamnitost v %) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 Cover of tree layer in % E3 (Zastiranje drevesne plasti v %): Cover of shrub layer in % E2 (Zastiranje grmovne plasti v %): Cover of herb layer in % El 70 50 70 70 45 50 35 40 35 60 50 65 40 50 (Zastiranje zeliščne plasti v %): Number of species (Število vrst) 45 59 106 84 90 60 62 53 58 96 88 68 52 48 Relevé area (Velikost popisne ploskve) m2 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 8 10 8 10 8 10 8 10 8 10 8 10 8 10 8 10 8 10 8 10 8 10 8 10 8 10 8 10 Date of the relevé (Datum popisa) (N CO (N (N ïF (N (N en (N (N en (N (N ï? (N (N ï? (N (N o> (N (N 0> (N N >N >N >N >N >N >PŠ K/ K/ K/ K> K> K> \/ HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH oc^oococococococococococo Quadrant (Kvadrant) ^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ cocococococococococococococo 0> 0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0>0> Coordinate GK Y (D-48) m ffi oinLn>OMDcocococoo\o\co Coordinate GK X (D-48) m Diagnostic species of the associations (Diagnostične vrste asociacij) SP Fa Salix eleagnos E3a .... SP Fa Salix eleagnos E2a . ... SP Fa Salix eleagnos E1 1 1 2 1 3 2 + 1 2 1 2 2 AV He Melilotus albus E1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 + BT Te Polygonum lapathifolium E1 1 + 2 1 2 1 + 1 2 2 1 2 1 + FP He Myosoton aquaticum E1 1 1 1 1 + 1 + 1 1 1 + + + GU Ge Petasites hybridus E1 2 3 2 2 + + 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 PP He Agrostis stolonifera E1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + FS Ge Scrophularia nodosa E1 + 1 + 1 1 + + + + + 1 1 + AI Ha Solanum dulcamara E1 + + + + + + + + + + + FB He Silene vulgaris E1 + + + + + + + + + PeP Ge Petasites paradoxus E1 + + + 1 + + + FP Ha Mentha longifolia E1 1 + + + 1 + 1 + 1 1 + + 1 144 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 - + + + + 1- - + • • 5112025 404755 9848/4 Most na Soči-Idrijca - + + + + + - - - • • 5111992 404781 9848/4 Most na Soči-Idrijca - + - + + + + to to - • • 5111977 404814 9848/4 Most na Soči-Idrijca - - + + + - + - - bO • • 5112262 405354 9848/4 Bača pri Modreju - bo + + + + + + - - • • 5112315 405398 9848/4 Bača pri Modreju + - + + + - + - - - ■ ■ 5112349 405416 9848/4 Bača pri Modreju + - + + + + to + + u> ■ ■ 5112467 405477 9848/2 Bača pri Modreju + + + + - + u> • • 5111938 405073 9848/4 Bača pri Modreju + + + + - + + + bo • • 5112005 405209 9848/4 Bača pri Modreju + - + + + + + + - + 00 • • 5112223 405320 9848/4 Bača pri Modreju + + + + + - u> • • 5115827 402852 9848/1 Tolmin-Tolminka + + + + + + - + - bo • • 5108047 417723 9849/4 Reka-Kurnik + + + + + + + - + bo ■ ■ 5115566 403030 9848/1 Tolmin-Tolminka + + + - + + - - + U> ■ ■ 5129284 426785 9650/3 Soteska-Sava Bohinjka + + + + - + + to - + U> • • 5129206 426764 9650/3 Soteska-Sava Bohinjka - + + - + + - - - - • • 5127908 426006 9750/1 Soteska-Nomenj-Sava - + - - + - - - - • • 5127737 426032 9750/1 Soteska-Nomenj-Sava - + + + + + - to + to • • 5127837 426022 9750/1 Soteska-Nomenj-Sava + - - - - - + - + + to • • 5118698 398712 9748/3 Volarje-Soča - - + + - + + + + to ■ ■ 5120842 393388 9747/4 Ladra-Soča - - + + - + + + + ■ ■ 5118767 396599 9747/4 Volarje-Kamno-Soča - + + - - - + + to • • 5118774 398576 9748/3 Volarje-Soča - bO + + + + + + + • • 5118851 396286 9747/4 Volarje-Kamno-Soča + - + + + + + + + - - • • 5129454 384276 9746/2 Žaga-Soča - + + + - to - + - • • 5114252 415523 9849/1 Humar-Bača - + + - - to - + + - • • 5114160 415435 9849/1 Humar-Bača u> + - Ji. - + + ■ ■ 5116978 417678 9849/2 Znojile,pri Honzu-Bača to + + - u> - - + + ■ ■ 5114680 416131 9849/1 Znojile,pri Honzu-Bača to - - to - to • • 5116963 417669 9849/2 Znojile,pri Honzu-Bača - - + - + + to • • 5117901 419166 9749/4 Podbrdo-Mahorc-Bača o s Ln 10/14/2018 10/14/2018 10/14/2018 9/30/2018 9/30/2018 9/30/2018 9/30/2018 10/14/2018 9/7/2018 9/30/2018 10/22/2018 10/4/2018 10/22/2018 10/15/2018 10/15/2018 10/18/2018 10/18/2018 10/18/2018 5/1/2009 10/10/2018 10/10/2018 5/1/2009 10/10/2018 10/16/2018 10/1/2018 10/20/2018 10/20/2018 10/20/2018 10/20/2018 11/8/2018 o o 00 0\ \o £ I s § S 1 s 15 o o o ^ § « § S § 5 §ê § 2 § S § s S S o ^ 5 0 00 1 a I a MD O 0 1 s Un Un O Oo S 2 o 2 o o 2 o ~ è 2 g 2 o 3 o ^ o 'ti o ^ o 'Ti o ^ o 'Ti o ^ o 'Ti o ^ o 'Ti o ^ o 'Ti o ^ o 2 o o 2 o o 2 o o 2 o o 2 o ^ o 2 o ^ o 2 o ^ o 2 o ^ o 2 o ^ o 'rl o ^ o *Tl o ^ o *Tl o ^ O *Tl o ^ O *Tl o ^ g 2 g 2 0\ 5 o o 5 o o 5 o o 5 o o 5 o o 5 ^ z U o o 5 o o 5 o o 5 o o 5 o o 5 o o 5 o o 5 o o 5 o o 5 o o 5 o o 5 o o 5 o o 5 o o 5 o o 5 o o 5 o o 5 o o 5 o o 5 o o 5 o o 5 o o 5 o o U o o 149 149 149 160 160 160 162 156 155 160 160 224 160 470 475 480 480 480 157 170 175 157 175 330 360 346 415 362 415 445 272539 £ 272540 S 272541 S3 272755 S 272756 S 272788 Ö 272753 ^ 272538 S3 272715 Ö 272754 £ 272799 K 272641 & 272801 íá 272501 & 272812 272721 o 272816 £ 272814 iti 272521 & 272698 S 272699 S 272522 S 272700 ¡3 272718 272475 272807 ê 272724 £ 272808 Ê 272723 È a > 71 O w t-1 w 73 t-1 O 9? < 73 W ço< T3 X O O Q O t-1 O 2 o > T- a w o S ¡j o z o •n w O •n g 05 S 2 O g tu DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 2 3 4 S 6 7 8 9 lO ll l2 l3 l4 Mo He Cirsium oleraceum El Am-N BT Te Bidens frondosa El Am-N SM Te Panicum barbipulvinatum (P. riparium) El Am-N FC Ge Helianthus tuberosus El As-E AV He Artemisia verlotiorum El MA He Ranunculus repens El EF Epilobion fleischeri He Scrophularia canina El As-E Fa Buddleja davidii El Te Erucastrum gallicum El He Hieracium piloselloides El Ge Equisetum ramosissimum El Stc Stipion calamagrostis He Calamintha einseleana El Te Microrrhinum litorale El He Equisetum variegatum El Ha Chamaenerion palustre El He Peucedanum verticillare El He Achnatherum calamagrostis El Te Galeopsis angustifolia El PeP Petasition paradoxi He Arabis alpina El Ha Gypsophila repens He Hieracium porrifolium He Aquilegia einseleana He Aurinia petraea He Campanula cespitosa He Cerastium subtriflorum He Leontodon hispidus subsp. hyoseroides GA Galeopsietalia segetum He Epilobium collinum TR Thlaspietea rotundifolii He Hieracium bifidum Af-S Ha Senecio inaequidens AT Asplenietea trichomanis He Cymbalaria muralis Te Sedum hispanicum He Moehringia muscosa He Sedum album He Hieracium glaucum Ha Micromeria thymifolia MuA Mulgedio-Aconitetea He Senecio ovatus He Silene dioica Fa Salix appendiculata SP Salicetea purpureae Fa Populus nigra Fa Populus nigra Fa Populus nigra Fa Salix purpurea He Humulus lupulus Fa Salix daphnoides Fa Salix alba BT SM El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El E3a E2 El El El E2a E2a t t t . t . . t t t l t t t . . t t t . t . t t . . . t t t t t + + + + + + + + t t t . t t . t Bidentetea Te Polygonum mite El t l l 2 l 2 2 2 l 2 Te Rorippa palustris El Te Polygonum hydropiper Papaveretea rhoeadis (Stellarietea mediae) El t He Plantago major El t t t t t t t t t t t t t He Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia El t l l l l 2 t l l l l l t Te Sonchus asper El t t l l l l t t t t t t l t Te Poa annua El t t t t t l t t t l t t r t t t t t t t t t t t t r t t r t t t t t t r t t t t l t t t r 46 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 + + + . 1 . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +. + . . + + + + + 1 + + + 1 1 1 +. r + + + + + + + + + + + + + 11........1.........r.r...... .....+........................ ...............++. . + .+ +.++. . .+ + +.....++.+ + 1 + + + + 1 + 1 + 1 . + r.......r. . . .+ + +.1 + . .......++.......+ + + + + 1 ..................+ + . + . . . +.................. ++ ++ .+ + + + + + + + + r + ++ .+ + + r + r + r + + . . . + . r . . . 1 + + + ++ ++ + + + + + + + 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 + + + + 1 + + + r + + . . . . + . 1 1 3 + + r r 1 1 1 + 1 1 + + 1 + + 1 + 2221 1 + 1 + + 1 + 12 + 1 1 ...................+ . . +...... 1 1 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 + + + + + + 1 1 + 1 + 1 1 + 1 + + + 1 + + 1 + 1 1 1 1 1 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 + + + 1 + + 1 + + + + + + + 1 + + + + 1 1 + 1 + 1 1 + 147 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) Te Solanum nigrum subsp. nigrum E1 Am-C,S Te Solanum lycopersicum E1 Am-N Te Erigeron annuus subsp. annuus E1 Te Microrrhinum minus E1 Am-S Te Galinsoga ciliata E1 Te Polygonum persicaria E1 Te Stellaria media E1 He Cardamine hirsuta E1 Te Oxalis fontana E1 Te Rorippa sylvestris E1 AS-Ce Te Veronica persica E1 Te Polygonum aviculare E1 Te Capsella bursa-pastoris E1 AM-S Te Galinsoga parviflora E1 Te Senecio vulgaris E1 He Chelidonium majus E1 Am-N Te Helianthus annuus E1 Te Sonchus oleraceus E1 Te Lamium purpureum E1 Med Te Satureja hortensis E1 E-Af Te Guizotia abyssinica E1 Med Te Matricaria chamomilla E1 AS Te Cucumis sativus E1 Am-N Te Cucurbita pepo E1 Te Cerastium glomeratum E1 te Euphorbia helioscopia E1 Te Fallopia convolvulus E1 He Mentha arvensis E1 Goj. He Viola x wittrockiana E1 Med Te Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris E1 Goj. Te Lactuca sativa E1 Goj. Te Linum usitatissimum E1 Am-C,S Te Tagetes erecta E1 Am-S He Verbena bonariensis E1 Med. Te Calendula officinalis E1 Te Brassica napus subsp. napus E1 As-E Te Callistephus chinensis E1 Am-C,S Te Cleome spinosa E1 As-W Te Consolida ajacis E1 Te Myosotis arvensis E1 Med Te Papaver rhoeas E1 Aus-Nz Te Tetragonia tetragonoides E1 Te Veronica arvensis E1 te Vicia hirsuta E1 Eu-SE He Antirrhinum majus E1 Am-S Te Bidens bipinnata E1 Eu-W- med Te Brassica oleracea E1 Te Brassica sp. E1 He Cichorium sp. E1 GE Convolvulus arvensis E1 Med-As-W Te Avena sativa E1 te Euphorbia platyphyllos E1 Te Galium aparine E1 Goj. Te Papaver somniferum E1 As-SW Te Secale cereale E1 Med Te Sinapis arvensis E1 Te Sonchus asper subsp. glaucescens E1 Te Veronica sp. E1 Am-N He Viola sororia E1 SI Sisymbrietea He Diplotaxis tenuifolia E1 Te Anagallis arvensis E1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 + + 1 + + + + + + + + + + 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + 2 1 1 1 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 + + 1 1 + + + + + + + + + + 2 + 2 1 + + + + + + . + + . + + + . . . + . . . + + + . . . . . r . + + . + . + + 1 + + + 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 148 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 + + 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 + + + 1 + + + + + + + + + + 1 + + 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + r + 1 1 + 1 + 1 1 + 1 + + 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 1 + + + + 1 1 1 + + 1 + + + 1 r + + + + + + 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + r + + + + + r + + + + + + + + + + + r + + + + r + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 149 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) Te Lactuca serriola E1 Am-S He Physalis peruviana E1 Te Atriplex patula E1 He Cichorium intybus E1 he Crepis taraxacifolia E1 Med-As Te Euphorbia lathyris E1 Te Geranium purpureum E1 Am-N Te Lepidium virginicum E1 Te Solanum nigrum subsp. schultesii E1 Am-C,S Te Datura stramonium E1 EU-S Te Iberis umbellata E1 Te Potentilla norvegica E1 Te Sisymbrium officinale E1 DE Digitario sanguinalis-Eragrostietea minoris Te Setaria pumila E1 Te Digitaria sanguinalis E1 Te Conyza canadensis E1 Te Ambrosia artemisiifolia E1 Te Echinochloa crus-galli E1 Te Chenopodium album E1 Te Chenopodium polyspermum E1 Te Amaranthus powellii E1 Te Amaranthus cruentus E1 Te Digitaria ischaemum E1 Te Setaria faberi E1 Te Acalypha virginica E1 Te Amaranthus blitum (A. lividus) E1 Te Euphorbia peplus E1 Te Eragrostis cilianensis E1 Te Euphorbia marginata E1 Te Conyza sumatrensis E1 He Abutilon theophrasti E1 Te Amaranthus caudatus E1 Te Amaranthus retroflexus E1 te Setaria italica E1 Te Euphorbia nutans E1 AV Artemisietea vulgaris Te Salvia hispanica E1 He Artemisia vulgaris E1 He Rumex obtusifolius E1 He Ballota nigra subsp. meridionalis E1 Te Silene latifolia subsp. alba E1 He Tanacetum vulgare E1 Te Fallopia japonica E1 He Arctium minus E1 He Dipsacus fullonum E1 He Picris hieracioides E1 Ha Cerastium tomentosum E1 he Cirsium vulgare E1 He Linaria vulgaris E1 He Melissa officinalis E1 He Mentha spicata E1 He Reseda lutea E1 Ha Artemisia absinthium E1 He Mentha x villoso-nervata E1 He Oenothera glazioviana E1 G Phytolacca americana E1 He Tanacetum parthenium E1 He Verbascum densiflorum E1 GU Galio-Urticetea He Urtica dioica E1 Te Geranium robertianum E1 Am-N Am-N Am-N,C Am-N,C As-E Am-N Med Am-N Am-S As-S As-S Am-N Am-N Am-C,S As-E Apen-S Med Am-N Am-N Eu-se/As 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1111 ++ ++ +++ + + . ++ .+ + + 3 2 2 + 1 1 2 1 + + + + + + + + 1 + + ++ ++ + + + . + . . + . . + . . . . + . . + . . + . . + 1 1 + + r 1 1 + 1 1 + + + + + + + + + ++ ++ +. 1+ 1+ +. 1+ ++ + + ++ + + + + + + + + + ++ + ++ + + + + + + + + + ++ + + + + + + + 1 150 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) i5 i6 i7 i8 i9 20 2i 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 3i 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 4i 42 43 44 . . . t..............t...... . . t . . t t t i t t t t t t i t t ii t t t t r t t t t t t t t t t r t t t t t t t t t t t t r t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t i t 2 t t t t r t r t i i r t r t r t r t r r t t t t t t i i t t i i i t t i . t t t 2 i i t t t i t t i t t t i i t t t r t t t i t t i t t t t t i t i t t t t t t t t . t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t . t.....t . t t...........t.......t r t t t..................... . . . . t . t................. t t t t t t t i. . .t. . i .++. + 1 + + + 1 + + + 11 . 12 + 1 . . + 1 + + +. . t . . + .+ + + + 1 + + + + + + 1 . t . . .t 151 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) As Am.N AS-E As-E As Am-N FP FC Am-N Am-N EA PM IN Ca Mo PP Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) Te Galeopsis pubescens El Te Impatiens glandulifera El He Solidago gigantea El Te Impatiens parviflora El Te Commelina communis El Te Aethusa cynapium El He Aegopodium podagraria El He Lamium maculatum El Te Lapsana communis El He Alliaria petiolata El He Glechoma hederacea El Te Impatiens balfourii El He Parietaria officinalis El He Anthriscus sylvestris El Ha Chaerophyllum sp. El He Geum urbanum El He Solidago canadensis El Te Torilis japonica El Filipendulo-Petasition He Symphytum officinale El He Lythrum salicaria El Ge Stachys palustris El Convolvuletalia sepium He Saponaria officinalis El He Epilobium parviflorum El He Epilobium hirsutum El Ge Calystegia sepium El He Aster lanceolatus El He Aster novi-belgii El He Galega officinalis El Epilobietea angustifolii He Eupatorium cannabinum El He Verbascum thapsus El Te Galeopsis speciosa El He Atropa bella-donna El He Verbascum nigrum El He Arctium nemorosum El He Fragaria vesca El He Stachys sylvatica El He Verbascum lanatum El Phragmiti-Magnocaricetea Hi Veronica beccabunga El Hi Nasturtium officinale El He Lycopus europaeus El He Typhoides arundinacea El He Galium palustre El Hi Veronica anagallis-aquatica El He Carex elata El Isoëto-Nanojuncetea He Juncus articulatus El He Mentha pulegium El Te Cyperus fuscus El Calthion, Molinion He Centaurea carniolica El He Angelica sylvestris El Ge Scirpus sylvaticus El He Myosotis palustris (M. scorpioides) El Potentillo-Polygonetalia He Barbarea vulgaris El He Rumex crispus El Te Verbena officinalis El He Carex hirta El ll 6 7 S 9 lO ll l2 Is 14 ll ll ll l l l l l t t t t t t t t t t ll 2 t t t 2 t r t l t t t t t t t t t t t r l t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t 152 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 + + + . + + . + + + + + . + . + . + + + 11 + . . + . . +++ . + + . . +..... . + . + + + 1 + r + +..... . + . . . . . + . + . . . . . . . . . r + . + + . . +..... . + .+ + + +. .....+ . + . . . . + . . . . + +..... +1 .+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 12 1111111 + . . . + + + + + . + + + 1 . . . + + . + + r . + . . + . . . . 1 + . . . + . . . . . + . + + . . . + . . +.+ + + + + + . . ......+ .....+ . + . . .++. . + . .+ . + . . . . + . . + + + . + . . . r...... + + + ++ + 1 + ++ + ++ + + + + + + ++ + ++ + + + + + + + + + + + + + ++ + + + + + 12 1 1 + ++ + + + + + ++ + + + + 153 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) He Juncus inflexus E1 AR Agropyretalia intermedio-repentis Ge Tussilago farfara E1 Ge Equisetum arvense E1 He Agropyron repens E1 He Poa compressa E1 MA Molinio-Arrhenatheretea He Galium mollugo E1 he Plantago lanceolata E1 He Leontodon hispidus E1 Te Daucus carota E1 He Trifolium pratense E1 He Achillea millefolium E1 He Leucanthemum vulgare E1 He Pastinaca sativa E1 he Deschampsia cespitosa E1 He Dactylis glomerata s.str. E1 Ha Prunella vulgaris E1 He Trifolium repens E1 He Ranunculus nemorosus E1 He Pimpinella major E1 He Rumex acetosa E1 He Ranunculus acris E1 He Vicia cracca E1 He Lotus corniculatus E1 He Poa trivialis E1 He Centaurea jacea E1 He Cerastium holosteoides E1 He Lychnis flos-cuculi E1 He Vicia sepium E1 He Arrhenatherum elatius E1 He Bellis perennis E1 He Leontodon autumnalis E1 He Potentilla reptans E1 KC Koelerio-Corynephoretea Te Echium vulgare E1 Te Arenaria serpyllifolia agg. E1 He Cardaminopsis arenosa E1 He Petrorhagia saxifraga E1 He Medicago minima E1 FB Festuco-Brometea He Medicago lupulina E1 He Sanguisorba minor E1 He Buphthalmum salicifolium E1 He Pimpinella saxifraga E1 He Brachypodium rupestre E1 He Campanula rotundifolia E1 He Centaurea fritschii E1 He Euphorbia cyparissias E1 Te Euphrasia stricta E1 He Galium corrudifolium E1 He Plantago media E1 He Salvia pratensis E1 He Scabiosa triandra E1 He Stachys recta E1 TG Trifolio-Geranietea He Hypericum perforatum (subsp. veronense) E1 He Verbascum austriacum E1 He Lathyrus sylvestris E1 He Astragalus glycyphyllos E1 He Clinopodium vulgare E1 He Coronilla varia E1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 + + 1 1 1 + + + 1 + + + 1 + + + + + + + + + + + 1 + + 1 1 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ......+ . . .......+ . + + . . + + . . . . . . . + . . . . ........+ . . . +..... + . r........... + .... +.......+ . . +........... + + . + + + +. + . . . + . . . +....... .........+ + +.+ + +. . . . + . +......... .....+..... .r + . . + . . . . +..... ........+ . . + . + .... .r....... . + . +..... +........ 154 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 + + + 1 1 + 1 + + + + + + + + + + 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 1 1 + 1 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 + + + + + + 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + r + + . + . + + + . . + . + . + + . . + 1 + . + . . . + . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 155 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) He Digitalis grandiflora E1 He Inula conyza E1 He Libanotis sibirica subsp. montana E1 He Peucedanum venetum E1 Te Trifolium aureum E1 He Verbascum lychnitis E1 SC Sambuco-Salicion capreae Am-N Fa Robinia pseudoacacia E3a Am-N Fa Robinia pseudoacacia E2a Am-N Fa Robinia pseudoacacia E1 As-E Fa Ailanthus glandulosa (A. altissima) E1 Fa Betula pendula E1 Fa Salix caprea E1 RP Rhamno-Prunetea Fa Cornus sanguinea E1 NFa Rubus fruticosus agg. E2a Fa Berberis vulgaris E1 Med-As w Fa Ficus carica E1 As-E Fa-vzp. Lonicera japonica E2a Aa-E Nfa Lonicera nitida E2a Fa Platanus x hispanica E1 TA Tilio-Acerion He Cardamine impatiens E1 Fa Ulmus glabra E1 He Aruncus dioicus E1 He Lunaria rediviva E1 AI Alnion incanae NFa Rubus caesius E1 He Festuca gigantea E1 Fa Frangula alnus E1 Ha Chaerophyllum hirsutum E1 He Agropyron caninum E1 Fa Alnus incana E1 Goj. Fa-vzp Vitis vinifera E1 Am-N Fa Acer negundo E1 Ge Circaea intermedia E1 te Impatiens noli-tangere E1 FS Fagetalia sylvaticae He Brachypodium sylvaticum He Salvia glutinosa He Mycelis muralis He Myosotis sylvatica agg. Fa Carpinus betulus He Galium laevigatum He Campanula trachelium He Carex sylvatica He Heracleum sphondylium Ge Circaea lutetiana Fa Laburnum alpinum He Ranunculus lanuginosus Fa Sambucus nigra He Viola reichenbachiana He Aposeris foetida QP Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae He Arabis turrita E1 He Calamintha sylvatica E1 Fa Ostrya carpinifolia E2a Fa Ostrya carpinifolia E1 QF Querco-Fagetea Fa-vz Clematis vitalba E1 He Cerastium sylvaticum E1 Me Moehringia trinervia E1 2 3 4 S 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 t t t t E1 t t t t t t t t t t . . E1 t t t . t t . . t t t t . E1 t t t . . t t . t t t . . E1 t t t . E1 . t . . t E1 t . t E1 t E1 t . . E1 r t . E1 r . E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t 156 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 ............r................. + 1 + + + + + r . + + + + . r . . r + + + + . . + + + 1 + . + . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + . + + . . + . . . . . + . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + r + 11 + + + + + + + + . + + + + + + + + + . + r + + + 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 157 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) Fa Ulmus minor E1 Fa-vzp Hedera helix E1 Fa Corylus avellana E1 Fa Quercus robur E1 EP Erico-Pinetea He Carex ornithopoda E1 Me Molinia arundinacea E1 He Aquilegia nigricans E1 He Calamagrostis varia E1 Ha Chamaecytisus hirsutus E1 O Other species (Druge vrste) He Cerastium sp. E1 He Crepis sp. E1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 + + 158 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 .......+...................... + + + + + 159 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) Database number of relevé (Delovna številka popisa) 45 46 47 48 49 5C 5i 52 53 54 55 56 57 7786786672788 2222222222222 7777777777777 2222222222222 Elevation in m (Nadmorska višina v m) 5668 82 65 Aspect (Lega) Slope in degrees (Nagib v stopinjah) Parent material (Matična podlaga) Soil (Tla) Stoniness in % (Kamnitost v %) Cover of tree layer in % (Zastiranje drevesne plasti v %): Cover of shrub layer in % (Zastiranje grmovne plasti v %): Cover of herb layer in % (Zastiranje zeliščne plasti v %): Number of species (Število vrst) Relevé area (Velikost popisne ploskve) C SSE C C C C C SW C SW C C SE C 5CCCC3C2CCiC Pr Gr Pr Pr Pr Pr Pr Pr Pr Pr Pr Pr Pr Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl 4C 8C 4C 8C 4C iCC iCC iCC iCC 2C iCC iCC iCC E3 E2 2C iC Ei 6C 3C 6C 3C 6C 4C 35 6C 35 8C 6C 6C 35 34 5C 77 45 78 43 2i 47 47 44 34 5i 48 m2 2C 2C iCC iCC iCC 5C iCC 2CC iCC 5C 5C 5C 5C Date of the relevé (Datum popisa) Locality (Nahajališče) d a N o B m o N n A b O o D ml ml C G im im n ol lK Quadrant (Kvadrant) 4 868C778988 4445444444 8787999888 999999999999 Coordinate GK Y (D-48) 5228 82357 Coordinate GK X (D-48) 762924295789 98595C33C997 8 8 6 9 5 6 i i 6 7 C C 774327226366 5i i5 i5 i5 i5 i5 i5 5i i5 5i i5 i5 Am-N Am-N Diagnostic species of the associations (Diagnostične vrste asociacij ) SP Fa Salix eleagnos E3a SP Fa Salix eleagnos E2a + SP Fa Salix eleagnos Ei i i i i + i i i i i AV He Melilotus albus Ei + 2 + + i + + 2 i + BT Te Polygonum lapathifolium Ei + i i + i + + + FP He Myosoton aquaticum Ei + + + i + GU Ge Petasites hybridus Ei 3 i i + + + + + PP He Agrostis stolonifera Ei i i i + + + FS Ge Scrophularia nodosa Ei + + + + + AI Ha Solanum dulcamara Ei + + + + + + + + FB He Silene vulgaris Ei + + i + + + + PeP Ge Petasites paradoxus Ei i i + + + + FP Ha Mentha longifolia Ei + i 2 i + + + Mo He Cirsium oleraceum Ei + + + BT Te Bidens frondosa Ei i + + + SM Te Panicum barbipulvinatum (P. riparium) Ei + + + + + + + + + 2 i + m m 190 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) 58 59 6G 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 9 9 9 9 9 9 S 2 5 i 5 77777745477 22222222222 77777777777 22222222222 S G G G G G G NE SW G G 2GGGGGG55GG Pr Pr Pr Pr Pr Pr Pr Pr Pr Pr Pr Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl Fl 1GG 1GG 1GG 1GG 1GG 1GG SG SG 3G 1G 5 6G 2G iG SG 75 3G 3G 3G 3G 3G 4G SG SG 9G 53 73 3G 47 6G 23 22 53 3i i7 i9 5G 5G 5G iGG iGG 5G iGG iGG 2G 2G iG SSSSSSSSSSS Gi Gi Gi Gi Gi Gi Gi Gi Gi i i rîrîrîrîrîrî^f^;;^;:;;;^ •X. G S V SSSSSS93SS 4444444544 SSSSSS9SSS 9999999999 5666 23 S 23 33 Pr. Fr. ii i2 57 S4 54 79 52 76 52 76 49 72 49 72 47 69 44 65 43 63 3S 56 5G 74 22 32 29 43 52 76 t t t t t t t t t t t t t t 161 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) Am-N As-E As-E FC AV MA EF Stc PeP Af-S GA TR AT MuA SP BT SM Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) Ge Helianthus tuberosus He Artemisia verlotiorum He Ranunculus repens Epilobion fleischeri He Scrophularia canina Fa Buddleja davidii Te Erucastrum gallicum He Hieracium piloselloides Ge Equisetum ramosissimum Stipion calamagrostis He Calamintha einseleana Te Microrrhinum litorale He Equisetum variegatum Ha Chamaenerion palustre He Peucedanum verticillare He Achnatherum calamagrostis Te Galeopsis angustifolia Petasition paradoxi He Arabis alpina Ha Gypsophila repens He Hieracium porrifolium He Aquilegia einseleana He Aurinia petraea He Campanula cespitosa He Cerastium subtriflorum He Leontodon hispidus subsp. hyoseroides Galeopsietalia segetum He Epilobium collinum Thlaspietea rotundifolii He Hieracium bifidum Ha Senecio inaequidens Asplenietea trichomanis He Cymbalaria muralis Te Sedum hispanicum He Moehringia muscosa He Sedum album He Hieracium glaucum Ha Micromeria thymifolia Mulgedio-Aconitetea He Senecio ovatus He Silene dioica Fa Salix appendiculata Salicetea purpureae Fa Populus nigra Fa Populus nigra Fa Populus nigra Fa Salix purpurea He Humulus lupulus Fa Salix daphnoides Fa Salix alba Bidentetea El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El El 4S 46 47 48 49 SO S1 S2 S3 S4 SS S6 S7 . . 1 .... t t ... . t E3a . E2 . El . El t El . E2a . E2a . t t t t Am-C,S Am-N Te Polygonum mite El . t t t t t 1 3. t t Te Rorippa palustris El . l Te Polygonum hydropiper Papaveretea rhoeadis (Stellarietea mediae) El . He Plantago major El l l l t t t r t . l t l He Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia El t 2 t t .. l l. l l l Te Sonchus asper El . t . . t l t t Te Poa annua El . l t t . . 2 2 2 Te Solanum nigrum subsp. nigrum El . t t . t t t . t t Te Solanum lycopersicum El . t t t t . l 2 2 Te Erigeron annuus subsp. annuus El . t l t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t l t 162 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 Pr. Fr. ......+ + I"! . 15 22 . 4 + ' 6 16 24 + + . . . . . . 29 43 ........9 13 ........8 12 ........3 4 ........2 3 + . . . 28 41 . . . . 14 21 . . . . 3 4 . . . . 3 4 ....11 ....11 ....11 . . + + r......8 12 ...........6 9 ...........2 3 ...........1 1 r..........11 ...........1 1 ...........1 1 ...........1 1 23 ...........2 3 . . . . +......2 3 + + + + + +.....19 28 . . . . +......4 6 . . . . +......3 4 .....+.....2 3 ...........1 1 .....+.....11 .......9 13 +......6 9 .......4 6 1. 1. 11 + 21 31 29 43 2 + + + .+ + 54 79 3 4 1 1 + 1 + + + .+ + + 1 59 87 1 1 + 12 1 1 55 81 1 + + + .+ + + 50 74 2 1 1 1 2 + .+ + 48 71 2 1 + + + .+ + + 44 65 1 1 1 1 1 1 + 41 60 + + ++ 1 1 1 40 59 + + + 163 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) Te Microrrhinum minus E1 Am-S Te Galinsoga ciliata E1 Te Polygonum persicaria E1 Te Stellaria media E1 He Cardamine hirsuta E1 Te Oxalis fontana E1 Te Rorippa sylvestris E1 AS-Ce Te Veronica persica E1 Te Polygonum aviculare E1 Te Capsella bursa-pastoris E1 AM-S Te Galinsoga parviflora E1 Te Senecio vulgaris E1 He Chelidonium majus E1 Am-N Te Helianthus annuus E1 Te Sonchus oleraceus E1 Te Lamium purpureum E1 Med Te Satureja hortensis E1 E-Af Te Guizotia abyssinica E1 Med Te Matricaria chamomilla E1 AS Te Cucumis sativus E1 Am-N Te Cucurbita pepo E1 Te Cerastium glomeratum E1 te Euphorbia helioscopia E1 Te Fallopia convolvulus E1 He Mentha arvensis E1 Goj. He Viola x wittrockiana E1 Med Te Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris E1 Goj. Te Lactuca sativa E1 Goj. Te Linum usitatissimum E1 Am-C,S Te Tagetes erecta E1 Am-S He Verbena bonariensis E1 Med. Te Calendula officinalis E1 Te Brassica napus subsp. napus E1 As-E Te Callistephus chinensis E1 Am-C,S Te Cleome spinosa E1 As-W Te Consolida ajacis E1 Te Myosotis arvensis E1 Med Te Papaver rhoeas E1 Aus-Nz Te Tetragonia tetragonoides E1 Te Veronica arvensis E1 te Vicia hirsuta E1 Eu-SE He Antirrhinum majus E1 Am-S Te Bidens bipinnata E1 Eu-W- med Te Brassica oleracea E1 Te Brassica sp. E1 He Cichorium sp. E1 GE Convolvulus arvensis E1 Med-As-W Te Avena sativa E1 te Euphorbia platyphyllos E1 Te Galium aparine E1 Goj. Te Papaver somniferum E1 As-SW Te Secale cereale E1 Med Te Sinapis arvensis E1 Te Sonchus asper subsp. glaucescens E1 Te Veronica sp. E1 Am-N He Viola sororia E1 SI Sisymbrietea He Diplotaxis tenuifolia E1 Te Anagallis arvensis E1 Te Lactuca serriola E1 Am-S He Physalis peruviana E1 Te Atriplex patula E1 45 46 47 48 1 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 11 + + + + + + 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + ++ + + + ++ + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 1 ++ + + + + 164 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, SILC & VRES: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 Pr. Fr. . . 1 + 1 ............39 57 1 +.....+ . . . 37 54 . + . . . . . . . . . 32 47 2 + + + 1......31 46 + + 1 1 2 + . + . . . 29 43 ........+ . . 27 40 .......... 1 21 31 + + . . +......19 28 + + . . + . . . . . . 16 24 1 + + +.......15 22 . + . . . . . . . . . 15 22 . + . + + . . . . . . 15 22 + . + + . . . . + . . 13 19 ...........12 18 ...........11 16 . . . + +......9 13 . . . . +......7 10 .......+ . . . 7 10 . +......+ ..69 ...........5 7 ...........5 7 + +.........57 ...........4 6 ...........4 6 ...........4 6 + ... +......46 ...........3 4 . +.........34 . + .. +......34 ........3 4 ........3 4 ........3 4 ........2 3 ........2 3 ........2 3 ........2 3 + +......2 3 ........2 3 ........2 3 . + . . . . . . 2 3 ........2 3 1 + 36 53 16 13 13 13 + ++ + + + ++ FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 165 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) He Cichorium intybus he Crepis taraxacifolia Med-As Te Euphorbia lathyris Te Geranium purpureum Am-N Te Lepidium virginicum Te Solanum nigrum subsp. schultesii Am-C,S Te Datura stramonium EU-S Te Iberis umbellata Te Potentilla norvegica Te Sisymbrium officinale DE Digitario sanguinalis-Eragrostietea minoris Te Setaria pumila Te Digitaria sanguinalis Te Conyza canadensis Te Ambrosia artemisiifolia Te Echinochloa crus-galli Te Chenopodium album Te Chenopodium polyspermum Te Amaranthus powellii Te Amaranthus cruentus Te Digitaria ischaemum Te Setaria faberi Te Acalypha virginica Te Amaranthus blitum (A. lividus) Te Euphorbia peplus Te Eragrostis cilianensis Te Euphorbia marginata Te Conyza sumatrensis He Abutilon theophrasti Te Amaranthus caudatus Te Amaranthus retroflexus te Setaria italica Te Euphorbia nutans AV Artemisietea vulgaris Te Salvia hispanica He Artemisia vulgaris He Rumex obtusifolius He Ballota nigra subsp. meridionalis Te Silene latifolia subsp. alba He Tanacetum vulgare Te Fallopia japonica He Arctium minus He Dipsacus fullonum He Picris hieracioides Ha Cerastium tomentosum he Cirsium vulgare He Linaria vulgaris He Melissa officinalis He Mentha spicata He Reseda lutea Ha Artemisia absinthium He Mentha x villoso-nervata He Oenothera glazioviana G Phytolacca americana He Tanacetum parthenium He Verbascum densiflorum GU Galio-Urticetea He Urtica dioica Te Geranium robertianum Te Galeopsis pubescens As Te Impatiens glandulifera Am.N He Solidago gigantea Am-N Am-N Am-N,C Am-N,C As-E Am-N Med Am-N Am-S As-S As-S Am-N Am-N Am-C,S As-E Apen-S Med Am-N Am-N Eu-se/As 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 E1 . . t . t.......t E1 . . . . t ........ E1 . . . . t ........ E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . E1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 t 1 t . t t t t t 3 1 . t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t r t r t t t r t t t 1 t t t r t t t 1 t t t t 166 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 Pr. Fr. . +.........8 12 . +.........8 12 ...........3 4 ...........3 4 . + .. +......34 ...........3 4 ........r . . 2 3 ...........2 3 ...........11 ...........1 1 1 + + + . . . . | 1 1 | . 54 79 + . +.....+ . . 23 34 + +. + . +.....21 31 . +..................20 29 +.......1 . . 18 26 ...........14 20 r . . +.......13 19 . +.........10 15 ...........7 10 ....... + . . . 7 10 . +.........69 +.......++.34 ...........3 4 . . . . r +.....3 4 ...........2 3 ...........2 3 + 21 68 100 53 78 37 54 21 31 14 21 9 13 12 9 6 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 + r + r 1 + + ++ + + + + ++ + 3 1 + 1 1 ... 1 .+ 44 65 + .+ + + +..........42 62 + + . . . . . . . . . 33 49 ......................20 29 . +.....+ + 1 + 17 25 167 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) As Am-N FP FC Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) AS-E Te Impatiens parviflora As-E Te Commelina communis Te Aethusa cynapium He Aegopodium podagraria He Lamium maculatum Te Lapsana communis He Alliaria petiolata He Glechoma hederacea Te Impatiens balfourii He Parietaria officinalis He Anthriscus sylvestris Ha Chaerophyllum sp. He Geum urbanum He Solidago canadensis Te Torilis japonica Filipendulo-Petasition He Symphytum officinale He Lythrum salicaria Ge Stachys palustris Convolvuletalia sepium He Saponaria officinalis He Epilobium parviflorum He Epilobium hirsutum Ge Calystegia sepium Am-N He Aster lanceolatus Am-N He Aster novi-belgii He Galega officinalis EA Epilobietea angustifolii He Eupatorium cannabinum He Verbascum thapsus Te Galeopsis speciosa He Atropa bella-donna He Verbascum nigrum He Arctium nemorosum He Fragaria vesca He Stachys sylvatica He Verbascum lanatum PM Phragmiti-Magnocaricetea Hi Veronica beccabunga Hi Nasturtium officinale He Lycopus europaeus He Typhoides arundinacea He Galium palustre Hi Veronica anagallis-aquatica He Carex elata Isoeto-Nanojuncetea He Juncus articulatus He Mentha pulegium Te Cyperus fuscus Calthion, Molinion He Centaurea carniolica He Angelica sylvestris Ge Scirpus sylvaticus He Myosotis palustris (M. scorpioides) Potentillo-Polygonetalia He Barbarea vulgaris He Rumex crispus Te Verbena officinalis He Carex hirta He Juncus inflexus AR Agropyretalia intermedio-repentis Ge Tussilago farfara IN Ca Mo PP E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 45 4 6 47 4 8 4 9 50 51 52 53 54 . . . + .... 1 . . . +..... 55 56 57 + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + r + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 168 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) 5S 59 6G 6i 62 63 64 65 66 67 6S Pr. Fr. ...........16 24 t..........16 24 . . . . t......12 iS ii ii ii S 5 5 4 2 i i i i iG 4 i 5G 74 29 43 47 69 27 4G i7 25 ii i6 i3 4 4 4 3 i2 iS S 12 iG 6 4 4 i iS 26 iG i5 39 57 9 13 iG i i 3i 46 t t t t i t t t t t t t t r t t t t t t t t r t i i t 169 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) KC FB TG Ge He He MA Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) 4S 46 Equisetum arvense E1 t . Agropyron repens E1 . . Poa compressa E1 . . Mo linio-Arrhenatheretea 48 49 S0 S1 S2 S3 S4 SS S6 S7 He Galium mollugo E1 t . t t t 1 . t he Plantago lanceolata E1 . t t t t . t t t 1.. He Leontodon hispidus E1 1 t t t t t . t . t t Te Daucus carota E1 . t t He Trifolium pratense E1 t . t t . t He Achillea millefolium E1 . t t . t . He Leucanthemum vulgare E1 . t t t He Pastinaca sativa E1 t t t he Deschampsia cespitosa E1 . t . t . He Dactylis glomerata s.str. E1 t . . t Ha Prunella vulgaris E1 t t . t . He Trifolium repens E1 . t t He Ranunculus nemorosus E1 t He Pimpinella major E1 t t He Rumex acetosa E1 He Ranunculus acris E1 He Vicia cracca E1 He Lotus corniculatus E1 He Poa trivialis E1 He Centaurea jacea E1 He Cerastium holosteoides E1 He Lychnis flos-cuculi E1 He Vicia sepium E1 He Arrhenatherum elatius E1 He Bellis perennis E1 He Leontodon autumnalis E1 He Potentilla reptans E1 Koelerio-Corynephoretea Te Echium vulgare E1 Te Arenaria serpyllifolia agg. E1 He Cardaminopsis arenosa E1 He Petrorhagia saxifraga E1 He Medicago minima E1 Festuco-Brometea He Medicago lupulina E1 He Sanguisorba minor E1 He Buphthalmum salicifolium E1 He Pimpinella saxifraga E1 He Brachypodium rupestre E1 He Campanula rotundifolia E1 He Centaurea fritschii E1 He Euphorbia cyparissias E1 Te Euphrasia stricta E1 He Galium corrudifolium E1 He Plantago media E1 He Salvia pratensis E1 He Scabiosa triandra E1 He Stachys recta E1 Trifolio-Geranietea He Hypericum perforatum (subsp. veronense) E1 He Verbascum austriacum E1 He Lathyrus sylvestris E1 He Astragalus glycyphyllos E1 He Clinopodium vulgare E1 He Coronilla varia E1 He Digitalis grandiflora E1 He Inula conyza E1 He Libanotis sibirica subsp. montana E1 t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t r t t t t t t t t t t t t t 170 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 Pr. Fr. ......................27 40 + 1 . . +.....+ 13 19 ...........7 10 . + . . . . + + . . + 45 66 . ++.++. . . . + 41 60 . . . + + 1 ..........35 51 + +..................33 49 + + . . . + + . . . . 26 38 . + . . +......18 26 ...........17 25 . . . . . . . . . . . 17 25 1 + . . + . + . . . . 15 22 + . . . +......12 18 ...... + . . . . 10 15 . +........1 9 13 ...........8 12 ...........6 9 + ... +......69 ..........+ 57 ...........4 6 . . . +.......3 4 . + .. +......34 ...........2 3 ...........2 3 . +.........23 . +.........23 . +.........11 .r.........11 ...........11 ..........111 ...........19 28 + + + . +......13 19 . . . . + . . . . . . 10 15 . + . . . . . . . . . 3 4 ...........1 1 .....+..........29 43 ...........4 6 ...........3 4 ...........2 3 12 8 6 2 2 1 1 1 1 + ++ + + + 171 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) TA AI Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) He Peucedanum venetum Te Trifolium aureum He Verbascum lychnitis SC Sambuco-Salicion capreae Am-N Fa Robinia pseudoacacia Am-N Fa Robinia pseudoacacia Am-N Fa Robinia pseudoacacia As-E Fa Ailanthus glandulosa (A. altissima) Fa Betula pendula Fa Salix caprea RP Rhamno-Prunetea Cornus sanguinea Rubus fruticosus agg. Berberis vulgaris Med-As w Fa Ficus carica As-E Fa-vzp. Lonicera japonica Aa-E Nfa Lonicera nitida Platanus x hispanica Tilio-Acerion Cardamine impatiens Ulmus glabra Aruncus dioicus Lunaria rediviva Alnion incanae Rubus caesius Festuca gigantea Frangula alnus Chaerophyllum hirsutum Agropyron caninum Alnus incana Fa-vzp Vitis vinifera Fa Acer negundo Circaea intermedia Impatiens noli-tangere Fagetalia sylvaticae Brachypodium sylvaticum Salvia glutinosa Mycelis muralis Myosotis sylvatica agg. Carpinus betulus Galium laevigatum Campanula trachelium Carex sylvatica Heracleum sphondylium Circaea lutetiana Laburnum alpinum Ranunculus lanuginosus Sambucus nigra Viola reichenbachiana Aposeris foetida QP Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae Arabis turrita Calamintha sylvatica Ostrya carpinifolia Ostrya carpinifolia QF Querco-Fagetea Fa-vz Clematis vitalba He Cerastium sylvaticum Me Moehringia trinervia Fa Ulmus minor Fa-vzp Hedera helix Fa Corylus avellana 4S 46 47 4S 49 S0 Si S2 S3 S4 SS S6 S7 Goj. Am-N FS Fa NFa Fa Fa Fa He Fa He He NFa He Fa Ha He Fa Ge te He He He He Fa He He He He Ge Fa He Fa He He He He Fa Fa Ei Ei Ei E3a E2a Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei E2a Ei Ei E2a E2a Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei E2a Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei t t i t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t r t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t 172 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) 5S 59 6G 6i 62 6S 64 65 66 6y 6S Pr. Fr. ii ii ii ii 46 2S 4i S4 ii ii ........S 4 .....+ . . 2 S ........i i ........ii .....+ . . i i ........ii .....+ . . i i + +......iS 22 ........iS 22 ........i i ........i i i + + + . 2S S4 .....M 2i .....6 9 .....S y .....4 6 .....4 6 .....S 4 .....i i .....i i .....ii + . . . . i + . . . S7 S4 .....+ + . . . 29 4S . +........24 SS . . + +......9 iS 46 46 2S 2S 2S ii ii ii .......+ ... i i ...........i i ...........i i . . + . i......y io ...........ii ...........ii ...........i i . + . . . . + + . . . S7 S4 + + + +. + . + . . . SS 49 . . . + . +.....6 9 . . + + +......4 6 ...........2 S ...........i i i... i . . + i... 173 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) Number of relevé (Zaporedna številka popisa) Fa Quercus robur EP Erico-Pinetea He Carex ornithopoda Me Molinia arundinacea He Aquilegia nigricans He Calamagrostis varia Ha Chamaecytisus hirsutus O Other species (Druge vrste) He Cerastium sp. He Crepis sp. 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 E1 + Legend - Legenda Pr. Presence (number of relevés in which the species is presented) - število popisov, v katerih se pojavlja vrsta Fr. Frequency in % - frekvenca v % Pr Gravel - Prod Fl Luvisols - Obrečna tla Te Therophytes - Terofiti Ha Chamaephytes - Hamefiti Ge - Geophytes - Geofiti He Hemicryptophytes - Hemikriptofiti Hi Hydrophytes - Hidrofiti Fa Phanerophytes - Fanerofiti Am American species - ameriška vrsta Af - African species - afriška vrsta As - Asian species - azijska vrsta Med - Mediterranean species - sredozemska vrsta Go. Cultivated species - gojena vrsta Aus-Nz Australian and New Zealand species - avstralska in novozelandska vrsta 174 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 Pr. Fr. .......+ ...11 ...........3 4 .......+ ...34 ...........2 3 ...........2 3 ...........11 . . . . +......11 ...........1 1 175 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) Table 2: Synoptic table of initial plant communities on riverine gravel terraces in Slovenia Preglednica 2: Sintezna preglednica inicialnih prodiščnih združb v Sloveniji Successive number (Zaporedna številka) l 2 S 4 S 6 7 S Sign for syntaxa (Oznaka združb) PlSe PlSe-Sa PlSe-ne ChPo-Ba PlSe-To ChPo-Id ESc-Na CsSp Author (Avtor) ID ID ID ID ID ID BČ VP Number of relevés (Število popisov) 27 ll S S 9 9 l2 lo Epilobion fleischeri Scrophularia canina El 4l loo So SS loo 4o Buddleja davidii El ll 4S lS Erucastrum gallicum El 7 SS 67 Equisetum ramosissimum El 7 Hieracium piloselloides El 27 SS Chamaenerion palustre El 42 Aethionema saxatile El S Stipion calamagrostis Calamintha einseleana El S6 64 6S Microrrhinum litorale El 26 SS lS 4o Chamaenerion palustre El 4 lS lS Achnatherum calamagrostis El 4 So Galeopsis angustifolia El 4 Equisetum variegatum El lS lS Peucedanum verticillare El lS So Petasition paradoxi Galeopsietalia segetum Epilobium collinum Thlaspietea rotundifolii Hieracium bifidum Senecio inaequidens Asplenietea trichomanis Cymbalaria muralis Moehringia muscosa Sedum album Sedum hispanicum Hieracium glaucum Micromeria thymifolia Kernera saxatilis Mulgedio-Aconitetea Petasites hybridus Senecio ovatus Silene dioica Salix appendiculata Salicetea purpureae Petasites paradoxus El S6 9l 6S Arabis alpina El 7 lS lS Gypsophila repens El 7 lS 2S Hieracium porrifolium El 7 Aquilegia einseleana El 9 Cerastium subtriflorum El 9 Leontodon hyoseroides El 9 Campanula cespitosa El lS Aurinia petraea El Carduus crassifolius El Euphorbia kerneri El SS SS SS ll El El El El El El El El El El El El El El lS SS 4 4 96 l9 l9 lS SS lS lS 2S lS 6S lS Salix eleagnos ESa Salix eleagnos E2a lS Salix eleagnos El S9 9l SS Populus nigra E2 4 lS Populus nigra El 4l lS So Salix purpurea El 4l 4S 7S Humulus lupulus El 7 9 Salix daphnoides E2a 4 Salix alba E2a loo lS So 7S So ll 7S ll ll 22 ll 22 ll 22 ll ll loo SS 22 ll loo 2S 2S l7 l7 l7 S SS 2S 2o 6o 4o 4o 4 176 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) Successive number (Zaporedna številka) i 2 3 4 5 6 7 S Salix fragilis E2 2G Bidentetea Polygonum lapathifolium Ei 93 iGG 3S 75 7S 44 Polygonum mite Ei S5 iGG 75 75 67 7S 5G Bidens frondosa Ei 52 55 3S 44 22 Polygonum hydropiper Ei 4 Rorippa palustris Ei iS ii Bidens tripartita Ei 3G Xanthium italicum Ei 2G Papaveretea rhoeadis (Stellarietea mediae) Plantago major Ei 93 73 75 iGG S9 ii 42 Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia Ei 93 73 5G iGG 67 44 75 Sonchus asper Ei 93 S2 25 5G 7S ii S Solanum nigrum subsp. nigrum Ei S5 36 5G 3S 7S ii Poa annua Ei Si 64 25 75 iGG 22 Polygonum persicaria Ei 7S 36 5G i3 22 22 33 9G Microrrhinum minus Ei 67 iGG 63 i3 44 ii 92 3G Oxalis fontana Ei 67 45 25 i3 Solanum lycopersicum Ei 63 S2 5G i3 iGG 67 Erigeron annuus subsp. annuus Ei 59 73 5G 5G 33 33 5S 4G Stellaria media Ei 56 36 5G S9 56 Galinsoga ciliata Ei 52 64 3S SS 56 44 Rorippa sylvestris Ei 44 27 i3 5G 33 Galinsoga parviflora Ei 44 9 i3 ii 33 Veronica persica Ei 33 9 i3 25 67 Helianthus annuus Ei 33 3S Polygonum aviculare Ei 3G iS 25 44 22 Cardamine hirsuta Ei 26 36 25 75 iGG ii Capsella bursa-pastoris Ei 22 27 67 Senecio vulgaris Ei 22 iS i3 67 i7 Sonchus oleraceus Ei 22 9 i3 33 22 Guizotia abyssinica Ei i5 G i3 ii Cucumis sativus Ei i5 9 Euphorbia helioscopia Ei i5 Satureja hortensis Ei ii 27 ii Cucurbita pepo Ei ii iS ii Chelidonium majus Ei 7 45 25 33 ii Mentha arvensis Ei 7 iS ii 2G Fallopia convolvulus Ei 7 9 i3 ii i7 Tagetes erecta Ei 7 i3 ii Verbena bonariensis Ei 7 i3 Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris Ei 7 ii Lactuca sativa Ei 7 ii Vicia hirsuta Ei 7 22 Lamium purpureum Ei 4 45 33 ii Calendula officinalis Ei 4 iS Cerastium glomeratum Ei 4 9 33 Cleome spinosa Ei 4 i3 Papaver rhoeas Ei 4 i3 Tetragonia tetragonoides Ei 4 i3 Linum usitatissimum Ei 4 22 Veronica arvensis Ei 4 ii Antirrhinum majus Ei 4 Brassica oleracea Ei 4 Cichorium sp. Ei 4 Avena sativa Ei 4 ii Euphorbia platyphyllos Ei 4 Galium aparine Ei 4 Secale cereale Ei 4 Sonchus asper subsp. glaucescens Ei 4 Consolida ajacis Ei iS Callistephus chinensis Ei 9 i3 177 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) Successive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Brassica sp. E1 9 Papaver somniferum E1 9 Sinapis arvensis E1 9 Veronica sp. E1 9 Matricaria chamomilla E1 9 44 Brassica napus subsp. napus E1 13 11 Convolvulus arvensis E1 13 Viola x wittrockiana E1 44 Myosotis arvensis E1 22 Viola sororia E1 11 Xanthium strumarium E1 20 Veronica chamaedrys E1 8 Sisymbrietea Diplotaxis tenuifolia E1 70 64 63 25 33 67 Anagallis arvensis E1 33 13 11 11 Atriplex patula E1 30 9 Crepis taraxacifolia E1 22 13 11 Cichorium intybus E1 15 25 22 Geranium purpureum E1 11 Lactuca serriola E1 7 27 13 13 22 Euphorbia lathyris E1 7 13 Iberis umbellata E1 7 Physalis peruviana E1 4 18 44 Solanum nigrum subsp. schultesii E1 4 9 13 22 Lepidium virginicum E1 4 22 Datura stramonium E1 4 Potentilla norvegica E1 4 Sisymbrium officinale E1 9 Diplotaxis muralis E1 17 Digitario sanguinalis-Eragrostietea minoris Setaria pumila E1 93 55 100 75 78 56 Panicum barbipulvinatum (P. riparium) E1 74 64 88 75 100 Ambrosia artemisiifolia E1 52 18 13 25 11 11 Echinochloa crus-galli E1 41 27 25 11 44 60 Digitaria sanguinalis E1 33 36 38 25 44 11 Chenopodium album E1 26 18 25 38 80 Conyza canadensis E1 19 45 25 25 78 17 50 Chenopodium polyspermum E1 19 27 38 22 11 70 Digitaria ischaemum E1 19 13 Amaranthus powellii E1 15 27 25 11 Setaria faberi E1 15 9 11 Amaranthus cruentus L. E1 11 27 13 22 Amaranthus blitum (A. lividus) E1 7 11 11 Euphorbia marginata E1 4 13 Conyza sumatrensis E1 4 Euphorbia nutans E1 4 Abutilon theophrasti E1 13 Euphorbia peplus E1 33 Eragrostis cilianensis E1 22 Acalypha virginica E1 11 Amaranthus caudatus E1 11 Amaranthus retroflexus E1 11 Setaria italica E1 11 Setaria viridis E1 22 8 Artemisietea vulgaris Salvia hispanica E1 100 100 100 100 100 Artemisia vulgaris E1 93 91 75 100 44 22 83 70 Melilotus albus E1 89 91 100 88 11 56 92 20 Rumex obtusifolius E1 52 82 13 63 78 44 Ballota nigra subsp. meridionalis E1 52 27 38 13 Silene latifolia subsp. alba E1 26 27 13 22 22 8 Tanacetum vulgare E1 15 36 13 17 50 178 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) Successive number (Zaporedna številka) l 2 S 4 5 6 7 S Dipsacus fullonum El ll lS Arctium minus El 7 27 11 Picris hieracioides El 7 lS S Artemisia verlotiorum El 7 Linaria vulgaris El 7 Melissa officinalis El 7 Reseda lutea El 7 25 Fallopia japonica El 4 45 lS ll Mentha spicata El 4 9 Cirsium vulgare El 4 lS Oenothera glazioviana El 4 Phytolacca americana El 4 Verbascum densiflorum El 4 Mentha x villoso-nervata El Tanacetum parthenium El lS Cerastium tomentosum El 22 Artemisia absinthium El ll Arctium tomentosum El 25 Melilotus officinalis El S 2O Arctium lappa El 5O Asclepias syriaca El 2O Humulus scandens (H. japonicus) El lO Galio-Urticetea Geranium robertianum El 7O lOO 5O SS 56 22 92 Galeopsis pubescens El 7O 64 5O lS 22 75 7O Urtica dioica El 67 9l lS 75 7S 22 7O Impatiens glandulifera El 56 9 25 25 ll 4O Commelina communis El 44 9 lS lS ll ll Impatiens parviflora El SS 45 25 ll 5S Aegopodium podagraria El SS 9 lS ll 4O Aethusa cynapium El SO 9 25 ll Solidago gigantea El 26 lS SS ll 4O Lapsana communis El l9 SS SS Lamium maculatum El l5 S6 SS 2O Parietaria officinalis El ll lS 4O Alliaria petiolata El 7 S6 25 Glechoma hederacea El 7 27 Impatiens balfourii El 7 9 lS lS Anthriscus sylvestris El 4 lS 6O Chaerophyllum sp. El 4 Torilis japonica El 4 Geum urbanum El lS Solidago canadensis El ll Cruciata laevipes El S Epilobietea angustifolii Eupatorium cannabinum El lOO S2 5O 75 ll 22 42 2O Verbascum thapsus El 52 S6 25 lS 67 Galeopsis speciosa El SS S6 SS ll 92 4O Atropa bella-donna El 22 27 lS ll Verbascum nigrum El 4 9 67 Fragaria vesca El 4 22 Verbascum lanatum El 4 9 Stachys sylvatica El 9 25 22 Arctium nemorosum El 25 lS Filipendulo-Petasition Mentha longifolia El 9S 9l 6S lOO ll 67 42 Myosoton aquaticum El S9 lOO 5O 6S 67 44 SS 6O Symphytum officinale El 4 27 25 O ll 44 Stachys palustris El 4 ll Lythrum salicaria El 25 lS ll SO Filipendulo-Convolvuletea Saponaria officinalis El 9S lOO 6S SS 56 44 5S lOO 179 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) Successive number (Zaporedna številka) l 2 3 4 S 6 7 8 Epilobium parviflorum El 48 lOO l3 2S ll Helianthus tuberosus El 22 l8 38 67 l7 4O Epilobium hirsutum El l9 9 Calystegia sepium El 7 l3 8O Galega officinalis El 4 ll 4O Aster lanceolatus El 9 Echinocystis lobata El 8O Silene baccifera (Cucubalus baccifer) El 6O Lysimachia vulgaris El 3O Rudbeckia laciniata El 2O Phragmiti-Magnocaricetea Veronica beccabunga El 7 36 l3 SO ll Nasturtium officinale El 7 4S l3 Typhoides arundinacea El 7 l3 33 lOO Galium palustre El 4 l8 Lycopus europaeus El 4S 2S 7O Veronica anagallis-aquatica El l8 l3 Carex elata El 9 Mentha aquatica El ll 2O Isoëto-Nanojuncetea Juncus articulatus El 7 9 l3 l3 Mentha pulegium El 7 9 SO Cyperus fuscus El l8 Calthion, Molinion Cirsium oleraceum El 33 SS 2S SO 22 Centaurea carniolica El 26 27 38 2S ll ll 2S Angelica sylvestris El lS l8 l3 38 ll l7 2O Scirpus sylvaticus El 4 l8 l3 Myosotis palustris (M. scorpioides) El ll Selinum carvifolia El ll Gratiola officinalis El 4O Potentillo-Polygonetalia Agrostis stolonifera El 8S lOO 38 lOO 22 22 l7 6O Barbarea vulgaris El 63 lOO SO 63 22 22 7S Rumex crispus El l9 36 Verbena officinalis El ll 27 ll Juncus inflexus El l3 Agropyretalia intermedio-repentis Tussilago farfara El 74 27 SO 38 ll 2S Equisetum arvense El S6 4S 2S 63 67 8 4O Agropyron repens El 22 l3 S6 SO Poa compressa El ll l8 l3 l3 2S Chondrilla juncea El 4O Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Galium mollugo El 8l 9l 63 SO ll 44 83 Plantago lanceolata El 74 4S 88 38 S6 22 42 Daucus carota El 74 4S 2S SO 22 33 SO Trifolium pratense El 44 4S 38 2S 33 ll 8 Leontodon hispidus El 37 82 63 7S S6 SO Pastinaca sativa El 37 l8 38 2S ll Achillea millefolium El 3O 4S 2S 33 2S Leucanthemum vulgare El 26 36 38 38 Deschampsia cespitosa El l9 27 l3 l3 44 33 S8 Prunella vulgaris El l9 9 l3 l3 ll ll Ranunculus nemorosus El l9 l8 l3 Vicia cracca El lS SO Ranunculus repens El ll 4S 2S SO Dactylis glomerata s.str. El ll 27 l3 2S 33 22 l7 Pimpinella major El ll 2S l3 Ranunculus acris El ll l3 Trifolium repens El 7 2S 38 ll ll 8 180 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) Successive number (Zaporedna številka) Centaurea jacea Cerastium holosteoides Rumex acetosa Lotus corniculatus Poa trivialis Leontodon autumnalis Vicia sepium Lychnis flos-cuculi Arrhenatherum elatius Bellis perennis Agrostis capillaris Lathyrus pratensis Leucanthemum ircutianum Koelerio-Corynephoretea Echium vulgare Arenaria serpyllifolia agg. (inc. A. leptoclados) Cardaminopsis arenosa Petrorhagia saxifraga Medicago minima Sedum sexangulare Festuco-Brometea Silene vulgaris Medicago lupulina Sanguisorba minor Buphthalmum salicifolium Euphrasia stricta Salvia pratensis Brachypodium rupestre (inc. B. pinnatum) Campanula rotundifolia Scabiosa triandra Pimpinella saxifraga Plantago media Euphorbia cyparissias Centaurea scabiosa subsp. fritschii Galium corrudifolium Stachys recta Asperula cynanchica Thymus praecox Satureja montana Koeleria pyramidata Genista tinctoria Hipocrepis comosa Arabis hirsuta Centaurea stoebe (C. rhenana) Trifolio-Geranietea Verbascum austriacum Hypericum perforatum (inc. subsp. veronense) Lathyrus sylvestris Astragalus glycyphyllos Clinopodium vulgare Digitalis grandiflora Inula conyza Peucedanum venetum Libanotis sibirica subsp. montana Trifolium aureum Verbascum lychnitis Sambuco-Salicion capreae Robinia pseudoacacia Robinia pseudoacacia Betula pendula Ailanthus glandulosa (A. altissima) i Ei 7 Ei 7 Ei 4 Ei 4 Ei 4 Ei 4 Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei S7 Ei 7 Ei 7 Ei Ei Ei Ei 7S Ei 52 Ei 7 Ei 4 Ei 4 Ei 4 Ei 4 Ei 4 Ei 4 Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei Ei i9 Ei i5 Ei ii Ei 7 Ei 4 Ei 4 Ei 4 Ei 4 Ei Ei Ei E2a Ei 67 Ei 4 Ei 27 27 55 iS 9i 45 9 S6 27 iS 5G iS iS iS 5G 6S iS 25 iS iS iS iS iS 25 SS iS iS 25 6S iS iS SS ii 22 ii 22 ii ii 25 25 5G 7S ii ii 56 ii ii ii ii ii 22 S S S 67 25 i7 SS 5G S i7 i7 i7 SS S i7 i7 i7 S S S S 5G 4G SS 2 S 4 5 6 7 S 9 181 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) Successive number (Zaporedna številka) l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Salix caprea El l3 Rhamno-Prunetea Cornussanguínea El 7 9 ll 25 Rubus fruticosus agg. E2a 4 Berberis vulgaris El 4 Ficus carica El 4 Lonicera nitida E2a l3 Euonymus europaea El ll Tilio-Acerion Cardamine impatiens El l9 l8 l3 63 22 ll Ulmus glabra El 37 36 l3 22 Lunaria rediviva El 4 ll Aruncus dioicus El 9 ll Anthriscus nitida El ll Acer pseudoplatanus El 8 Alnion incanae Solanum dulcamara El 8l 9l 75 63 ll 33 58 80 Rubus caesius El 37 36 63 33 25 80 Festuca gigantea El 30 9 25 38 33 Alnus incana El ll l3 8 Frangula alnus El 4 27 25 50 Chaerophyllum hirsutum El 4 l3 38 22 l7 Vitis vinifera El 4 l3 l3 Impatiens noli-tangere El 4 ll Agropyron caninum El 36 ll l00 Acer negundo El 9 Circaea intermedia El 9 Alnus glutinosa E2 20 Fagetalia sylvaticae Scrophularia nodosa El 85 l00 38 63 33 ll 25 Brachypodium sylvaticum El 67 9l 38 38 ll 33 Salvia glutinosa El 59 64 25 25 22 50 Mycelis muralis El 37 73 25 25 22 Myosotis sylvatica agg. El ll 27 33 Carpinus betulus El ll l3 Galium laevigatum El ll 33 Heracleum sphondylium El 7 ll Carex sylvatica El 4 Campanula trachelium El 4 l3 ll Circaea lutetiana El 4 Aposeris foetida El Ranunculus lanuginosus El l3 ll l7 Viola reichenbachiana El l3 Laburnum alpinum El l3 Knautia drymeia El ll 42 Lamium orvala El ll Geranium nodosum El ll Allium ursinum El ll Galeobdolon flavidum El ll Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae Arabis turrita El l5 l3 22 Calamintha sylvatica El 4 Ostrya carpinifolia E2a l3 Ostrya carpinifolia El 9 8 Fraxinus ornus El 8 Querco-Fagetea Clematis vitalba El 8l 45 50 25 22 ll 83 20 Cerastium sylvaticum El 37 82 25 50 78 33 Hedera helix El 7 Moehringia trinervia El 4 l8 l3 22 Ulmus minor El 4 33 Corylus avellana El l3 182 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) Successive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 Ranunculus cassubicus E1 . Anemone nemorosa E1 . Hieracium murorum E1 . Cruciata glabra E1 . Erico-Pinetea, Vaccinio-Piceetea Molinia arundinacea E1 4 Calamagrostis varia E1 4 Carex ornithopoda E1 . Aquilegia nigricans E1 . Chamaecytisus hirsutus E1 . Solidago virgaurea E1 . Other species (Druge vrste) Crepis sp. E1 . Cerastium sp. E1 . Mosses (Mahovi) Brachythecium rutabulum E0 . Mnium undulatum E0 . Eurrhynchium sp. E0 . 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 . . . . 11 . . . . . . 11 . . . . . . . 25 . . . . . . 8 . 9 . . . . 25 . 9 . . . . 42 . 18 . 13 . . . . 18 . . . . . . 9 . . . . . . . . . . . 8 . . 13 . .... . . . 11 . . . . . . . 11 . . . . . . . . 20 . . . . . . 20 Legend - Legenda ID Igor Dakskobler, BČ Boško Čušin, VP Viktor Petkovšek 1 PlSe Polygono lapathifoliae-Salicetum eleagni, this article, relevés 1-27 in Table 1 2 PlSe-Sa Polygono lapathifoliae-Salicetum eleagni, this article, relevés 28-38 in Table 1 (relevés from the Soča Valley between Volarje and Žaga and from the Sava Bohinjka Valley) 3 PlSe-ne Polygono lapathifoliae-Salicetum eleagni, this article, relevés 47-54 in Table 1 (atypical relevés from the valleys of the Soča, Bača, Nadiža and Sava Bohinjka) 4 ChPo-Ba Chaerophyllo-Petasitetum officinalis, this article, relevés 39-46 in Table 1 (the upper part of the Bača Valley from the hamlet Humar to Podbrdo). 5 PLSe-To Polygono lapathifoliae-Salicetum eleagni, this article, relevés 55-63, initial plant community on gravel terraces of the Tolminka River near Tolmin 6 ChPo-Id Chaerophyllo-Petasitetum officinalis, the Idrijca Valley, Dakskobler (2010, Table 1) 7 ESc-Na Epilobio-Scrophularietum caninae, the Nadiža Valley, Čušin (2001, Table 1) 8 CsSp Calystegio-Salicetum purpureae, central and southeastern Slovenia, Petkovšek (1966) 183 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) Table 3: Sociological groups of initial plant communities on riverine gravel terraces in western Slovenia (relative frequencies) Preglednica 3: Skupine diagnostičnih vrst v prodiščnih združbah v zahodni Sloveniji (relativne frekvence) Successive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Sign for syntaxa (Oznaka združb) PlSe PlSe-Sa PlSe-ne ChPo-Ba PlSe-To ChPo-Id ESc-Na CsSp Author (Avtor) ID ID ID ID ID ID BČ VP Number of relevé (Število popisov) 27 11 8 8 9 9 12 10 Epilobion fleischeri 1.02 3.27 1.24 0 0.72 0 7.36 1.41 Stipion calamagrostis 1.42 1.96 2.23 0.29 0 0 2.68 1.41 Petasition paradoxi 1.19 2.22 2.23 0.88 1.67 0.42 5.59 0 Galeopsietalia segetum 0.06 0 0.25 0 0 0 0 0 Thlaspietea rotundifolii 0 0.26 0 0.29 0.24 0 0 0 Asplenietea trichomanis 0.62 0.52 0.25 0.58 2.86 0 0.21 0 Mulgedio-Aconitetea 2.04 1.05 1.49 3.80 0.72 3.81 0.21 0 Salicetea purpureae 2.84 2.35 4.71 2.92 2.63 2.51 2.89 6.34 Bidentetea 3.58 3.92 2.98 3.51 4.30 5.48 0 3.52 Papaveretea rhoeadis (Stellarietea mediae) 20.7 17.12 13.9 19.59 31.3 21.01 9.36 6.34 Sisymbrietea 3.41 1.96 2.48 1.46 3.58 1.26 2.25 0 Digitario sanguinalis-Eragrostietea minoris 6.64 5.10 8.19 6.14 10.26 7.16 0.67 9.15 Artemisietea vulgaris 7.72 7.84 7.69 9.06 6.44 5.90 7.12 8.45 Galio-Urticetea 7.78 6.67 5.71 6.73 4.77 3.77 6.23 13.38 Epilobietea angustifolii 3.35 3.01 2.73 3.22 3.82 2.09 3.58 2.11 Filipendulo-Petasition 2.90 3.14 3.23 4.09 1.91 6.74 2.01 3.17 Filipendulo-Convolvuletea 2.95 3.40 2.23 1.75 1.43 4.64 2.01 15.85 Phragmiti-Magnocaricetea 0.40 2.48 1.49 1.17 0.24 1.67 0 6.69 Isoëto-Nanojuncetea 0.23 0.52 0.25 0.29 0 0 0 1.76 Calthion, Molinion 1.19 1.70 1.74 2.63 0.48 2.09 1.12 2.11 Potentillo-Polygonetalia 2.73 3.79 1.98 3.80 1.19 1.67 2.46 2.11 Agropyretalia intermedio-repentis 2.50 1.31 1.98 2.63 1.19 2.97 1.55 4.58 Molinio-Arrhenatheretea 8.52 7.84 10.42 11.11 9.31 7.54 9.98 1.76 Koelerio-Corynephoretea 0.80 1.83 1.74 0.58 2.15 0 2.92 0 Festuco-Brometea 2.44 2.35 4.22 1.75 1.43 0.84 9.79 2.82 Trifolio-Geranietea 1.02 0.65 1.74 0.29 0.48 0.84 1.34 0 Sambuco-Salicion capreae 1.08 0.91 1.74 0.29 0 1.26 0 0 Rhamno-Prunetea 0.28 0.13 0.25 0 0 0.84 0.67 0 Alnion incane, Tilio-Acerion 3.58 4.05 4.96 4.97 0.72 7.96 7.12 6.34 Fagetalia sylvaticae 4.60 5.49 3.47 3.80 2.15 5.86 4.68 0 Quercetaliapubescenti-petraeae, Querco-Fagetea 2.33 2.22 2.23 2.05 3.82 1.26 4.41 0.70 Erico-Pinetea 0.11 0.91 0 0.29 0 0 1.79 0 Other species (Druge vrste) 0 0 0.2 0 0.2 0.42 0 0 Total (Skupaj) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Legend - Legenda ID Igor Dakskobler, BČ Boško Čušin, VP Viktor Petkovšek 1 PlSe Polygono lapathifoliae-Salicetum eleagni, this article, relevés 1-27 in Table 1 2 PlSe-Sa Polygono lapathifoliae-Salicetum eleagni, this article, relevés 28-38 in Table 1 (relevés from the Soča Valley between Volarje and Žaga and from the Sava Bohinjka Valley) 3 PlSe-ne Polygono lapathifoliae-Salicetum eleagni, this article, relevés 47-54 in Table 1 (atypical relevés from the valleys of the Soča, Bača, Nadiža and Sava Bohinjka) 4 ChPo-Ba Chaerophyllo-Petasitetum officinalis, this article, relevés 39-46 in Table 1 (the upper part of the Bača Valley from the hamlet Humar to Podbrdo). 5 PLSe-To Polygono lapathifoliae-Salicetum eleagni, this article, relevés 55-63, initial plant community on gravel terraces of the Tolminka River near Tolmin 6 ChPo-Id Chaerophyllo-Petasitetum officinalis, the Idrijca Valley, Dakskobler (2010, Table 1) 7 ESc-Na Epilobio-Scrophularietum caninae, the Nadiža Valley, Čušin (2001, Table 1) 8 CsSp Calystegio-Salicetum purpureae, central and southeastern Slovenia, Petkovšek (1966) 184 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019 DAKSKOBLER, ŠILC & VREŠ: PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF SITES OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. (LAMIACEAE) Table 4: Life forms spectra of initial plant communities on riverine gravel terraces in Slovenia Preglednica 4: Spekter življenjskih oblik v inicialnih prodiščnih združbah v Sloveniji Successive number (Zaporedna številka) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Sign for syntaxa (Oznaka združb) PlSe PlSe-Sa PlSe-ne ChPo-Ba PlSe-To ChPo-Id ESc-Na CsSp Author (Avtor) ID ID ID ID ID ID BČ VP Number of relevé (Število popisov) 27 11 8 8 9 9 12 10 Phaneropphytes (Fanerofiti) 6.64 5.75 9.68 5.56 3.82 5.89 7.97 6.34 Nanophanerophytes (Nanofanerofiti) 0.62 0.52 1.49 0 0 1.26 0.67 2.82 Gephytes (Geofiti) 6.42 5.23 5.71 7.60 1.91 11.47 4.90 7.04 Chamaephytes (Hamefiti) 3.24 3.27 3.97 5.26 1.91 5.08 7.14 2.82 Hemicryptophytes (Hemikriptofiti) 43.67 49.80 47.39 50 44.15 39.14 57.68 53.17 Hydrophytes (Hidrofiti) 0.23 1.44 0.74 1.17 0.24 0 0 0 Therophytes (Terofiti) 39.18 33.98 31.01 30.41 47.97 37.16 21.64 27.82 Total (Skupaj) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Legend - see Table 3 / Legenda - glej preglednico 3 185 FOLIA BIOLOGICA ET GEOLOGICA 60/1 - 2019