STUDIES ON KOREAN STONEFLIES (INSECTA: PLECOPTERA) WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES
Bill P. Stark
Box 4045, Department of Biology, Mississippi College, Clinton, Mississippi, U.S.A. 39058
E-mail: stark@mc.edu
ABSTRACT
Two new species, Kathroperla doma sp.n. (Chloroperlidae) and Perlodes kippenhani sp.n. (Perlodidae), are recognized, the female and egg are described for Kamimuria zwicki Stark & Sivec, and new Korean records are given for Kiotina decorata (Zwick), Neoperla ussurica Sivec & Zhiltzova, Oyamia nigribasis Banks, Yoraperla han Stark & Nelson and Y. uchidai Stark & Nelson. The description of K. doma represents the first Asian record of genus Kathroperla. An updated checklist of 44 formally named plecopterans recorded from the Republic of Korea is presented.
Keywords: Plecoptera, stonefly, Republic of Korea, new species, new records
INTRODUCTION
The knowledge of Korean stoneflies continues to increase since the studies of Zwick (1973a, 1973b) in which 13 species were formally recognized and a few additional species represented by females were identified at the generic level. Kim et al. (1998) provide details for 31 species recorded in the Republic of Korea at that time; subsequently Ham (2008, 2009), Ham & Bae (2002), Jin & Bae (2005a, 2005b), Stark & Sivec (2008a, 2008b) and Zwick & Teslenko (2001), among others, have provided data on Korean Plecoptera. Ham (2008) reports 40 species are known for the Republic of Korea and 23 for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. These lists will doubtlessly continue to grow as new collections are made and analyzed. The present study is based on a small collection of systellognathan stoneflies made by Pierre Tripotin with Malaise traps, or by Michael Kippenhan, Bozeman, Montana, at a few sites in the Republic of Korea. The Tripotin material was made available for study by the United States National Museum (USNM) and the Kippenhan material by B.C. Kondratieff, Colorado State University; specimens from both collections are deposited in the United States National Museum.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Chloroperlidae
Kathroperla doma sp. n.
(Figs. 1-10)
Material examined. Holotype Republic of Korea, Chungbuk, Sangchon-Myeon, Dungeon-li near Doma Pass, 750 m, 2-26 May 2006, P. Tripotin coll. 2, Malaise trap in forest on small stream (USNM). Paratype: Republic of Korea, Gangwondo, Odaesan, near Dong-daesan, 800 m, 37° 44.31' N, 128° 35.71' E, 3-21 June 2006, P. Tripotin, coll. 4, Malaise trap in old Korean fir forest, 1 ? (USNM). Adult habitus. General color brown with pale areas on body. Head with dark brown median patch covering ocelli and extending to anterior frons (Fig. 1); occiput paler but with numerous irregularly-shaped, scattered maculations. Pronotum brown but with pale median and lateral margins.Thoracic sterna with extensive dark brown areas. Wings pale with dark veins, legs pale brown, cerci dark brown.
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Figs. 1-5. Kathroperla doma structures. 1. Head and pronotum. 2. Male terminalia, dorsal. 3. Male terminalia, ventral. 4. Epiproct, oblique dorsal aspect. 5. Epiproct, oblique lateral aspect.
Male. Forewing length 15 mm. Cerci 4-segmented. Abdominal tergum 9 bearing a slightly darker, median brown patch covered with short, thick setae (Fig. 2). Epiproct with a butterfly-like shape (Figs. 2, 4-5); anterior sclerite very dark, lateral margins elevated and median field depressed in a deep V; posterodorsal margin of tergum 10 darker and with a short median, very dark stem connecting to median
area of epiproct sclerite; epiproct surrounded on posterolateral margins by membranous lobes of paraprocts. Vesicle of sternum 9 almost circular in outline and bearing very fine setae on ventral surface; margins darker around dorsum (Fig. 3). Aedeagus not everted.
Female. Forewing length 16 mm. Cerci 4-segmented. Subgenital plate reaches beyond mid point of
Figs. 6-9. Kathroperla doma egg. 6. Entire egg, lateral aspect. 7. Collar end, lateral aspect. 8. Collar end, apical aspect. 9. Detail of chorionic surface.
sternum 9; posterior margin bifurcate with divergent lobes (Fig. 6); internal dark bar extends from base of notch for most of plate length. Egg. Based on eggs dissected from ovarioles. Four sided. Length ca. 350 ^m; width at midlength ca. 216 ^m and tapered to both ends (Fig. 6); apical width ca. 50 ^m. Poles blunt, similar, almost square and with four longitudinal ribs extending between corners of poles (Figs. 7-8). Surfaces between ribs concave and covered with small irregularly sized blunt projections (Fig. 9). Larva. Unknown.
Etymology. The species name, used as a noun in
apposition, is based on Doma Pass, where the holotype specimen was collected. Diagnosis. Kathroperla doma while generally consistent with the Kathroperla ground plan, has a derived cercal structure, female subgenital plate structure and egg structure that separate it from both Nearctic species. Males are similar to K. takhoma in vesicle shape but lack the patches of sensilla basiconica found on tergum 10 in that species. The new species is also distinguished from the Nearctic species on the basis of the 4-segmented cerci (Figs. 23); both Nearctic species have 12-13 cercal segments. The female subgenital plate is more similar in length
and basal outline to K. perdita but differs in having divergent apical lobes and in the presence of a mesal internal sclerite (Fig. 10). Eggs of the Nearctic species are circular in cross section and have coarsely tuberculate chorionic surfaces whereas the egg of K. doma is more or less 4 sided and has a finely tuberculate chorion.
Fig. 10. Kathroperla doma female terminalia, ventral.
Comments. The genus Kathroperla, originally proposed from a single female specimen of K. perdita Banks collected in British Columbia (Banks 1920), remained monotypic until Stark & Surdick (1987) described K. takhoma from California and Washington. The group was thought to be a Nearctic endemic, but like Utaperla Ricker, another paraperline genus reported earlier from the Russian Far East (Zhiltzova 1982; Zhiltzova & Levanidova 1970; Zwick 2006), Kathroperla is now also known from the eastern Palearctic region.
Peltoperlidae Yoraperla han Stark & Nelson
Yoraperla han Stark & Nelson, 1994:254. Holotype ^ (Uchida collection). Sesok-pyongjon, Chiri-san, Kyongsang-nam-do, [Republic of] Korea
Material examined. Republic of Korea: Chungbuk, Songchon-Myeon, Dungeon-li, near Doma Pass, 750 m, 2-26 May 2006, P. Tripotin, Malaise trap in forest on small stream, 6^, 10? (USNM). Comments. This species has apparently not been reported since the original description based on 9 male and 20 female specimens from a single locality (Stark & Nelson 1994). These specimens agree in most details with the original description, but a few scattered setal-spines and a covering of fine, short microtrichia occur on the lateral aedeagal lobes of the new specimens, in contrast to the type series in which the lateral lobes are said to be "^well developed but without armature".
Yoraperla uchidai Stark & Nelson
Yoraperla uchidai Stark & Nelson, 1994:257. Holotype ^ (Uchida collection), Odae-chon, Odae-san, 700 m, Kang-uron-do, [Republic of] Korea
Material examined. Republic of Korea: Gangwando, Odaesan, near Dong-daesan, 800 m, 37° 44.35' N, 128° 35.71' E, 3-21 June 2006, P. Tripotin, Malaise trap in old Korean fir forest, 8? (USNM). Comments. This is apparently the first report of Y. uchidai since the original description based on a male and female from two sites on Odaesan. Unfortunately, no additional male specimens are available for comparison with the holotype.
Perlidae
Kamimuria zwicki Stark & Sivec (Figs. 11-18)
Kamimuria zwicki Stark & Sivec, 2008a:1. Holotype S (Illinois Natural History Survey), Jirisan, Mamyang-gun, Songjeon-li, Mansu-sa, [Republic of] Korea
Material examined. Republic of Korea: Jirisan, Hamyang-gun, Songjeon-li, Macheon-Myeon, 700 m, 35° 20.93' N, 127° 38.50' E, 27 July-16 August 2004, P. Tripotin, Malaise trap on small stream, 4^, 2$ (USNM).
Female. Forewing length 26 mm. Subgenital plate short and triangular, projecting over base of
sternum 9 and bearing a small triangular notch (Fig. 11). Vagina membranous except for a small sclerite at spermatheca base (Fig.12); outline somewhat rectangular but with anterolateral margins slightly projecting. Spermathecal stalk forming a half-coil; spermatheca an elongate, balloon-like structure.
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Figs. 11-12. Kamimuria zwicki female structures. 11. Terminalia, ventral. 12. Vagina and spermatheca, ventral.
Egg. Outline of body oval, length (including collar) ca. 420 ^m, width ca. 347 ^m (Fig. 13). Collar stalked with flanged and incised rim, collar length ca. 38 ^m, collar diameter across rim ca. 77 ^m (Figs. 14-15); anchor mushroom shaped and covered with small globular structures imbedded in follicle cell impressions (Fig. 17). Chorionic surface covered throughout with hexagonal follicle cell impressions (Figs. 13, 16); walls of follicle cell impressions smooth and raised above pitted floors (Figs. 14-16). Micropyles form an irregular subequatorial row; each orifice surrounded by rosette of follicle cell impressions (Fig. 18).
Comments. The egg of this species is generally similar to that of K. lyubaretzi Teslenko (Teslenko 2006) but the chorionic surface of that species is coarsely and regularly pitted throughout and the follicle cell impression walls are not elevated. In
addition, the anchor of K. lyubaretzi is flattened and the female subgenital plate has no notch. Stark & Sivec (2008a) commented on the similarity of internal male genitalia for these probable sister species.
Kiotina decorata (Zwick)
Schistoperla decorata Zwick, 1973a:166. Holotype ^ (Hungarian Natural History Museum), Kaesong, Bagyon Mts., Kengi Province, [Republic of] Korea Kiotina decorata: Uchida, 1990:135 Kiotina decorata: Stark & Sivec, 2008b:166
Material examined. Republic of Korea: Ulsan Metro City, Sangbuk-Myeon, Gajisan Provincial Park, Soeknamsa, 24 May 2006, M. Kippenhan, 2$ (USNM). Chungnam, Keumsan, Gunbuk-Myeon, Sanan, 20 April-8 May 2005, P. Tripotin, Malaise trap on small stream, (USNM).
Figs. 13-18. Kamimuria zwicki egg. 13. Entire egg, lateral aspect. 14. Collar end, lateral aspect. 15. Collar end, apical aspect. 16. Anterior end, lateral aspect. 17. Anchor. 18. Micropyle (arrow).
Comments. Ra et al. (1991) redescribed the adults and provided new records and the first description of the egg of this species; Stark & Sivec (2008b) gave additional Korean records.
Neoperla ussurica Sivec & Zhiltzova
Neoperla ussurica Sivec & Zhiltzova, 1996:14. Holotype S (Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg), Ussuri River, 6 km from Stepanovka, Primorskiy Kray, Russia
Material examined. Republic of Korea: Kangwondo, Chuncheon Nam, Myson, Magog-li, 70 m, 37° 43.786'N, 127° 34.689' E. 24 May-12 June 2004, P. Tripotin, Malaise trap in larch planted forest with dense shrub layer, 1S (USNM). Comments. This specimen is in close agreement with those illustrated in the original description, and represents a small range extension from the earlier reported distribution in the Russian Far East (Sivec & Zhiltzova 1996).
Oyamia nigribasis Banks
Oyamia nigribasis Banks, 1920:316. Holotype S (USNM), Yalu River, 150-200 miles from mouth [Korea/Manchuria border]
Material examined. Republic of Korea: Ulsan Metro City, Sangbuk-Myeon, Gajisan Province Park, Soeknamsa, 24 May 2006, M. Kippenhan, 2$ (USNM).
Comments. Zwick (1973b) reported this species from a small series of specimens collected in Hjangsan, Mjohjang-san, Korea, by personnel of the Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences in 1965. Ra et al. (1991) gave additional Korean records, redescribed the adults and provided scanning electron micrographs of the eggs of this species (as Oyamia coreana Okamoto), and Isobe & Uchida (2009) recently reviewed the genus, including new data for O. nigribasis and the Japanese species.
Perlodidae
Perlodes kippenhani sp. n. (Figs. 19-22)
Material examined. Holotype S, Republic of Korea, Gangwondo, Pyeongchang-gun, Odaesan National Park trail to Sangwonsa, 13 May 2006, M. Kippenhan (USNM).
Adult habitus. General color black with limited areas of yellow pigment. Head dark but with circular interocellar yellow spot and pale M-line forward of median ocellus (Fig. 19); additional pale areas on occiput. Pronotum black with yellow median stripe, thoracic venter mostly black. Femora black, tibiae dark at base but slightly paler for most of length. Wing membrane transparent to pale brown, veins dark brown. Wings with several crossveins between R vein and Costa beyond cord. Gills apparently absent or, if present, collapsed under submentum. Basal two abdominal segments divided by pleural membrane.
Male. Forewing length 13 mm. Abdominal terga without lobes, but terga 9-10 dark with areas of pale pigment (Fig. 20); tergum 10 with pale posteromedian area armed with a small patch of short, anteriorly directed, thickened setae; tergum 8 and 9 with wide patches of sensilla basiconica near posterior margins. Paraprocts with slender, dark sclerite along caudolateral margins and much of anterior area occupied by an expansive, eversible membranonous lobe, which extends forward from apex toward posterior margin of tergum 10 (Figs. 2022). Abdominal sternum 7 with a small median lobe projecting dorsad into intersegmental membrane (Fig. 22).
Female. Unknown. Larva. Unknown.
Etymology. The patronym honors Michael Kippenhan, collector of the holotype specimen. Diagnosis. Perlodes is poorly known in Asia, and only one species, P. stigmata Ra, Kim, Kang & Ham, has been reported from Korea (Ra et al. 1994). The new species differs from P. stigmata in several respects including having the pronotal disks almost entirely black, in lacking submental gills, in having two rather than three basal abdominal segments divided by pleural membrane, and in details of the male paraprocts. Ra et al. (1994) show the paraprocts of P. stigmata as triangular structures projecting posteriorly and crossing near midlength. In P.
kippenhani these structures extend upward and terminate on the anteroapical margin with a large membranous bag, or eversible paraproct lobe (EPL of Zwick 1997) similar to those found in at least some other members of Perlodes and Filchneria (Zwick 1997). No lobe is present on sternum 7 in Perlodes microcephalus (Pictet) or P. disbar (Rambur) (Zwick pers. comm.) and in P. kippenhani this structure
projects dorsad and could be easily overlooked. The new species is also similar to one being described by V.A. Teslenko from the Russian Far East (Teslenko pers. comm.) but in her species the posterior margin of tergum 10 extends upward more strongly than in the Korean species and the sclerotized portion of the paraprocts in the Russian species appears to be more extensive than in P. kippenhani.
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Figs. 19-22. Perlodes kippenhani structures. 19. Head and pronotum. 20. Male terminalia, dorsal. 21. Male terminalia, ventral. 22. Paraproct, lateral.
Checklist of Formally Named Plecoptera Known from the Republic of Korea
Capniidae
Eucapnopsis stigmatica Okamoto Paracapnia recta Zhiltzova Leuctridae
Leuctra fusca (Linnaeus) Megaleuctra saebat Ham & Lee Paraleuctra cercia (Okamoto) Perlomyia mahunkai (Zwick) Nemouridae
Amphinemura baei Ham & Lee A. rai Ham & Lee A. steinmanni Zwick Nemoura espera Ham & Lee N. gemma Ham & Lee N. jezoensis (Okamoto) N. phasianusa Ham N. tau Zwick
Protonemura villosa Ham & Lee Scopuridae
Scopura gaya Jin & Bae S. jiri Jin & Bae S. laminata Uchida S. scorea Jin & Bae Taeniopterygidae
Taenionema japonicum (Okamoto) Chloroperlidae
Alloperla joosti Zwick A. mediata (Navas) A. rostellata (Klapalek) Sweltsa illiesi Zhiltzova & Levanidova S. lepnevae Zhiltzova S. nikkoensis (Okamoto) Kathroperla doma sp.n. Peltoperlidae
Yoraperla han Stark & Nelson Y. uchidai Stark & Nelson Perlidae
Claassenia manchuriana (Banks) Kamimuria coreana Ra, Kim, Kang & Ham K. zwicki Stark & Sivec Kiotina decorata (Zwick) Neoperla quadrata Wu & Claassen N. ussurica Sivec & Zhiltzova Oyamia nigribasis Banks Paragnetina flavotincta (McLachlan)
Perlodidae
Isoperla flavescens Zhiltzova & Potikha I. lunigera (Klapalek) I. sowerbyi Wu & Claassen Perlodes kippenhani sp.n. P. stigmata Ra, Kim, Kang & Ham Stavsolus japonicus (Okamoto) Pteronarcyidae
Pteronarcys sachalina Klapalek
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I thank O.S. Flint, B.C. Kondratieff, M. Kippenhan and P. Zwick for their assistance in providing the material on which this study is based, and also for the assistance of P. Zwick and B.C. Kondratieff in providing literature, in translating the Russian titles of L.A. Zhiltzova's articles and for their useful comments during review. Dr. Teslenko graciously provided pre-publication images of a similar undescribed species of Perlodes from the Russian Far East.
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Received 22 January 2010, Accepted 25 January 2010, Published 2 February 2010