BOOK of ABSTRACTS 5 – 8 December, 2022, Ljubljana, Slovenia 22nd European Meeting on Environmental Chemistry BOOK of ABSTRACTS 5 – 8 December, 2022, Ljubljana, Slovenia Book of Abstracts: 22nd European Meeting on Environmental Chemistry 5-8 December 2022, Ljubljana, Slovenia Organised by: University of Ljubljana (Faculty of Health Sciences), Association of Chemistry and the Environment Edited by: assist prof. dr. Mojca Bavcon Kralj, prof. dr. Polonca Trebše, dr. Franja Prosenc, Urška Šunta, dr. Lara Čižmek Published by: University of Ljubljana Press For the publisher: Gregor Majdič, rector of the University of Ljubljana Issued by: University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences For the issuer: Andrej Starc, Dean of Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana Cover design: Tina Jeler Cover page photo: ©Luka Esenko, Ljubljana Tourism photo library (www.visitljubljana.com) Printed by: A-media marketing in oblikovanje d.o.o., Slovenia Print run: 125 Ljubljana, 2022 First edition Publication is free of charge. First e-edition. Digital copy of the book is available on: https://e-knjige.ff.uni-lj.si DOI: 10.55295/9789612970352 Kataložni zapis o publikaciji (CIP) pripravili v Narodni in univerzitetni knjižnici v Ljubljani Tiskana knjiga COBISS.SI-ID 130826243 ISBN 978-961-297-034-5 E-knjiga COBISS.SI-ID 130983427 ISBN 978-961-297-035-2 (PDF) Copyright © 2022 by University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be inverted, without written permission from the Publisher. November 15th, 2022 Dear EMEC22 participants, EMEC22 continues the tradition of annual meetings of the Association of Chemistry and the Environment, providing a forum for the exchange of ideas on recent advances in research and development in environmental chemistry and technology for people from research, academia, and industry at the same time. The session topics solid matrices, water, atmosphere, sustainable development and one health are all devoted to the environment and community. Our annual meeting is always a warmly expected event. This year it is very special. Firstly, after the pandemic it is planned only as an on-site event. Secondly, an important role in the organisation was given to the group of enthusiastic early-stage researchers, who actively contributed to the foundation of the network, connecting prospective researchers among European countries at the beginning of their scientific pathway. With hopes and wishes that younger generations would keep the spirit of EMEC for the future. This year, EMEC22 has caught its event number with the actual year, and it is held in a unique conference venue: the Grand Hotel Union. The hotel was the first modern hotel not only in Ljubljana but in the whole South-eastern Europe, built between 1903 and 1905 as a fine example of the Art Nouveau style, and situated a street away from the central Prešeren Square. In that time, it was considered as a grand achievement and even nowadays represents a milestone in history, art, and science. Many things have changed since then. The population has grown five times and today, the 15th of November 2022, is a special date. Today the world's population has hit eight billion. We are wondering, what will remain strong and firm for the next more than a hundred years as a point of inspiration? The tradition of searching the right way is not the easiest. Science is a passion of research, more than this, it is a life decision. Strength of struggling for the progress of environment by changing community. Art of beauty and art of cooperation, even from the opposite point of view. This conference contains those points of inspiration. It brings together researchers working in the field of various topics related to environmental chemistry, sustainability, and resilience, whose duties are sharing experiences and competencies with younger generations. Dear participants, we hope you will enjoy your stay in Ljubljana, and keep it in your heart as one of the most precious memories of EMEC meetings. Inspire each other, be an artist of science, and enjoy EMEC22! Mojca Bavcon Kralj Chair of the EMEC22 Organising committee Organising Committee Mojca Bavcon Kralj, Chair Polonca Trebše Franja Prosenc Urška Šunta Lara Čižmek Nevena Antić Scientific committee Polonca Trebše, Chair, Slovenia Franja Prosenc, Co-Chair, Slovenia Ester Heat, Slovenia Gilles Mailhot, France Urška Lavrenčič Štangar, Slovenia Albert Lebedev, Russia Helena Prosen, Slovenia Marco Contin, Italy Mohamed Sarakha, France Jean-Luc Boudenne, France Jan Schwarzbauer, Germany Branimir Jovančićević, Serbia Malgorzata Iwona Szynkowska-Jozwik, Poland Sanja Babić, Croatia Tjaša Griessler Bulc, Slovenia Nuno Ratola, Portugal 22nd EUROPEAN MEETING ON ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY PROGRAMME Monday, Dec 5th, 2022 10:00-16:00 Pre-conference Tour to Bled (optional) 16:00-18:00 Registration (Grand hotel Union) 18:00-21:00 Get together at Grand hotel Union Tuesday, Dec 6th, 2022 07:30-08:30 Registrations 08:30-09:00 Opening Ceremony Plenary Emerging Chemicals: A Journey from Source to 09:00-09:45 Prof. Ester Heath Lecture Environment HPLC-HRMS Determination in Water Environment of Federica Dal 09:45-10:00 Anticancer Drugs Subjected to Heterogenous Bello Photocatalysis Mediated by Semi-Conductor Design and Manufacture of an in-situ Extraction Functionalized Device Using 3D Printing for the 10:00-10:15 Diego Barzallo Determination of Sulfonamides from Water Samples by Session: HPLC-DAD Water Enantiomeric Determination of Main Fluoroquinolone Irene Aparicio 10:15-10:30 Antibiotics and Their Metabolites in Wastewater and Gomez Surface Water Formation and Decomposition of Thiocyanate in Natural 10:30-10:45 Alexey Kamyshny Aquatic Systems 10:45-10:55 Session Discussion 10:55-11:25 Coffee break & Poster Session Keynote Adsorption process puzzle in novel water treatment for Prof. Ivana 11:25-11:55 Lecture organics removal Ivančev Tumbas Nutrient Removal and Recovery from Water Using 11:55-12:10 Szabolcs Pap Fuctionalised Biochars Natural Abiotic Degradation of Phenol and Chlorophenol in Aleksander 12:10-12:25 Aquatic Environment Kravos Session: Ionic and Porous Materials for Efficient and Sustainable 12:25-12:40 Luis Branco Water Water Purification Processes Development of a New Synthetic Chalcone as a Promising 12:40-12:55 Non-Toxic Antifoulant for the Prevention of Marine Daniela Pereira Biofouling 12:55-13:10 Session Discussion 13:10-14:25 Lunch Water Pollution Threats in Important Bird and Biodiversity Maria Dulsat-14:25-14:40 Areas Masvidal Environmental Quality of the Hyporheic Zone of the Sava 14:40-14:55 Marijana Erk River Under Anthropogenic Influence Photochemical Fate of Organic Micropollutants in the Sea Carole Abdel 14:55-15:10 Session: Surface Microlayer Nour Water Distribution and Remobilization of Organic Pollutants by Christina Alina 15:10-15:25 Floods - the Case Study Rur River, Germany Schwanen Monitoring of the Occurrence and Patterns of Regulated 15:25-15:40 Persistent Organic Pollutants and Emerging Flame Camille Rigal Retardants in the Eastern French Mediterranean Coastline 15:40-15:55 Session Discussion 15:55-16:25 Coffee break & Poster Session Keynote Public health advances in environmental monitoring and Prof. Vincenzo 16:25-16:55 Lecture disinfection by nanotechnologies Romano Spica iii Innovative Data Visualisation Tool to Aid Addressing 16:55-17:10 Pharmaceutical Pollution in the Scottish Water Lydia Niemi Environment Session: Assessing Particle Toxicity of Two African Cities Using the Eduardo José dos 17:10-17:25 One Ascorbic Acid Assay Santos Souza Health Mass Flow Balance of Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents Frederika 17:25-17:40 in Workplaces with Magnetic Resonance Imaging Services Mišíková 17:40-17:50 Session Discussion 17:50-18:30 Ljubljana by night 18:30-22:00 Early-career workshop & social Wednesday, Dec 7th, 2022 07:30-08:30 Registrations Air pollution and health: New methods for Plenary characterisation of composition and biological effects Prof. Ralf 08:30-09:15 Lecture of anthropogenic and biogenic emissions as well as Zimmermann ambient aerosols Insights into Fenton-like reaction in the presence of Daniele Scheres 09:15-09:30 oxalate complexes and implications for the Firak atmospheric aqueous phase Solving the mystery of the Chukotka stinky Gray Albert T. 09:30-09:45 whales Lebedev Session: Comparing Smoke and Aerosols from Classic and Atmosphere 09:45-10:00 Electronic Cigarettes, and from "Heat-not-Burn" Borut Poljšak Devices Air Quality Mobile Monitoring Campaign in Novi Sad 10:00-10:15 Miloš Davidović Urban Area in Winter and Summer 2022 10:15-10:30 Session Discussion Keynote Dr. Dušan 10:30-11:00 Nanoplastics in the environment Lecture Materić 11:00-11:30 Coffee break & Poster Session Studies on sampling and molecular characterization of Keynote Prof. Pierluigi 11:30-12:00 bioaerosol viral and bacterial components in outdoor Lecture Barbieri and indoor environments Gasoline additives in groundwater in Paraguay - case 12:00-12:15 Juan F. Facetti study: Methyl t-butyl ether in the Patiño Aquifer Assessing the Nature and the Impact of By-Products Jean Luc 12:15-12:30 Session: Issued from Industrial Chlorinated Discharges into the One Health Boudenne Sea Impact of Polyhydroxybutyrate Microparticles on the Petra 12:30-12:45 Floating Freshwater Plant Duckweed Lemna minor Procházková 12:45-13:00 Session Discussion 13:00-14:15 Lunch Promising bioactive compounds from marine Keynote 14:15-14:45 macroalgae: from basic research to potential Dr. Sanja Babić Lecture application At-Source Hospital Wastewater Treatment To Eliminate Harmful Pharmaceuticals: A Novel Approach Manuel Thomas 14:45-15:00 Using UV-LED Activated Photocatalytic Valdivia Nanomaterials Session: Implications of Polystyrene Microplastics on the Maria Krishna 15:00-15:15 One Health Gastric Digestion of Bovine Milk de Guzman The Role of Secondary Metabolites from Cannabis 15:15-15:30 Roman Štukelj Sativa L. in Health 15:30-15:45 Session Discussion 15:45-16:15 Coffee break & Poster Session iv Keynote What does the circular economy really mean in our Prof. Güray 16:15-16:45 Lecture daily lives? Salihoğlu Urban Wastewater Treatment and Volatile Eva Margarida 16:45-17:00 Methylsiloxanes Removal with Microalgal Cultures Salgado Faty Acid Profile of Dunaliella tertiolecta in Response to Maja Galić 17:00-17:15 Different Selenium Concentrations Perečinec Plastic Waste Material as a Sustainable Source of Ivana 17:15-17:30 Session: Alternative Fuels and Valuable Chemicals Jovančičević Sustainability Development of Ionic Liquid Based Hydrogels for Iron 17:30-17:45 Pablo Irizar and Cooper Metallic Patinas on Stone Surfaces New Reactor Approach for Low-Temperature 17:45-18:00 Vitor Pereira Catalytic Methane Decomposition 18:00-18:15 Session Discussion 18:15-19:30 Pre-Conference dinner time 19:30-23:30 Conference dinner Thursday, Dec 8th, 2022 Plenary Soils, a sink for legacy and emerging pollutants. Impacts Prof. Silvia 08:30-09:15 Lecture in natural areas Lacorte Geochemical and Ecotoxicity Properties of Therapeutic Gorica 09:15-09:30 Peloid Muds from Serbia and Slovenia Veselinović Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Volatile 09:30-09:45 Nuno Ratola Methylsiloxanes in Sand Salinity and Flooding Mobilize Mercury from Polluted 09:45-10:00 Session: Elisa Pellegrini Soils and Sediments Soil & Solid Geochemical Characterization of Different Areas of the Carla Mesquita 10:00-10:15 Matrices Portuguese Continental Shelf for Potential Aquaculture Palma Bergamot Pastazzo as Suitable Platform for Cd2+ 10:15-10:30 Removal and Sensing in Multicomponent Aqueous Anna Irto Solutions 10:30-10:45 Session Discussion 10:45-11:15 Coffee break 10:45-11:15 ACE General Assembly Keynote Photocatalysis for pollution remediation: treating air, Dr. Andraž 11:15-11:45 Lecture water and hard surfaces Šuligoj Photodegradation of Triclosan on the Kaolinite Surface: Mohamed 11:45-12:00 Aqueous Phase Photodegradation and Molecular Sarakha Modelling of the Clay Surface Interactions Fenton and Fenton-like Processes for the Removal of 12:00-12:15 Emerging and Recalcitrant Contaminants from Davide Vione Wastewater Reactivity and Photodegradation Mechanism of Metazachlor in Aqueous Phase: Determination of the 12:15-12:30 Gilles Mailhot Rate Constants and Identification of the Main Session: Photoproducts Water Bisphenols S, Poorly Determined Substitute of Bisphenol Kristina Žagar 12:30-12:45 A - Comparison of Electrochemical and Chromatographic Soderžnik Detection in Water Media Photocatalytic Removal of Nine Pesticides by Graphitic Indira de 12:45-13:00 Carbon Nitride Coated Recycled Glass Beads and Menezes Castro Economical UV-A 365 nm LEDs Synergistic Action of UV Irradiation and Hydroxyl 13:00-13:15 Praveen Kumar Radicals: Removal of Emerging Contaminant from Water 13:15-13:30 Session Discussion 13:30-14:00 Awards & Closing Ceremony 14:00-15:15 Lunch 15:30-17:30 Visit of Ljubljana & Ljubljana Castle v Session chairs Tuesday, Dec 6th 2022 Time Session Chairs 9:45-10:55 Water Polonca Trebše and Nuno Ratola 11:55-13:10 Water Mojca Bavcon Kralj and Manuel Thomas Valdivia 14:25-15:55 Water Lara Čižmek and Albert T. Lebedev 16:55-17:50 One Health Malgorzata Iwona Szynkowska-Jóźwik and Szabolcs Pap Wednesday, Dec 7th 2022 Time Session Chairs 9:15-10:30 Atmosphere Lydia Niemi and Gilles Mailhot 12:00-13:00 One Health Franja Prosenc and Marco Contin 14:45-15:45 One Health Gordana Gajica and Jan Schwarzbauer 16:45-18:15 Sustainability Ester Heath and Branimir Jovančićević Thursday, Dec 8th 2022 Time Session Chairs 9:15-10:45 Soil & Solid Matrices Helena Prosen and Jean Luc Boudenne 11:45-13:30 Water Urška Šunta and Stuart Gibb Get together on Monday, December 5th, 2022, and Visit to Ljubljana & Ljubljana Castle on Thursday, December 8th, 2022 are held under the patronage of Ljubljana Tourism organisation. vi POSTER SESSIONS Tuesday, Dec 6th 2022 Session Board Poster Title Presenting Author Topic Number Organic compounds in surface sediments of different estuaries and continental shelf areas of Portugal for Carla Palma 05 potential aquaculture Analytical Methodology for Monitoring Microplastics in Irene Aparicio 14 Sewage Sludge from Wastewater Treatment Plants s e Sustainable mining and acid mine water treatment Aleksandar Jovanović 19 ictra Urban water quality through time in Paris, France: what M can be learned from CaCO Edwige Pons Branchu 20 3 deposits found in idl undergrounds structures oS The removal of thiophanate-methyl using novely & synthesized catalysts CeO il 2-P25 under simulated Aleksandar Jovanović 25 o sunlight: Structural characterisation and photocatalytic S activity The use of an algal micriobiotest to assess the toxicity of Dominika Josefová 28 degradation products after herbicide photocatalysis Thermodynamic Solution Properties of Trans-Aconitic acid and Its Sequestering Ability toward Cd2+, Pb2+ and Anna Irto 31 Mn2+ at different experimental conditions. Occurrence, Distribution Pattern and Origin of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the River Marina Sediments Katarina Antić 07 of the Kovin Dunavac (Kovin, Serbia) Ultrasound and mixing assisted sediment washing with Jernej Imperl 10 selected reagents – a comparison study The Assessment of Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Branimir Jovan Hydrocarbons Pollution of the Vrbas River Sediments čićević 11 Influence of Maturation Processes on n-Alkane Distribution in Peloids from Sečovlje Saltpans Nature Gordana Gajica 12 Park Slovenia Metal-Organic Framework Coated Portable 3D-printed Paddle Stirrer for Extraction of Chlorophenols, P- María Alejandra 17 Nitrophenol and Bisphenol A in Biodigester and Vargas Muñoz r e Wastewater Samples atW Residues of drugs of abuse: treatment efficiency, Ester Heath 18 environmental occurrence and risk assessment Chromatographic and spectrophotometric investigation Lucija Knežević 23 of V(V) interaction with biologically important thiols Development of Reliable Analytical Methods for the Monitoring of Emerging Pollutants’ Removal by Helena Prosen 24 Advanced Oxidation Processes Potential of Correlograms to Detect and Characterise Konstantin Ilijević 32 Autocorrelation in Water Monitoring Data Sorption and Biosorption of Petroleum Pollutants from Water Samples Using Biochar, Hydrocarbon Degrading Gordana Gajica 34 Microorganisms and Their Combination Sorption of diesel from aqueous solution on biochar Jelena Avdalović 35 vii Session Board Poster Title Presenting Author Topic Number re Trace elements levels in urban soil samples from central Malgorzata I. e 03 h Poland Szynkowska-Jóźwik psomt Risk Assessment of Water Organic Micropollutants in Maria Dulsat- A 29 Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas Masvidal Determination of pollution status of urban forest Obrenovacki Zabran (Serbia) – Part B: microelement Nevena Antić 02 concentration in soil and sediments Monitoring of pesticides in soil from South Banat district Milana Zaric 08 in Serbia and Timis county in Romania Role of mineralogical composition and physico-chemical Nevena Antić 13 properties of sediment on badlands classification Presence of Microplastics in Natural and Drinking M. Rosa Boleda 15 Waters by Py-GC-MS ityil Influence of Operating Parameters on the Efficiency of a b Qasim Jamil 16 a Pilot-Scale Photocatalytic Reactor for Water Treatment inta Seasonal distribution of trace metals in heavily s Ozren Grozdanić 21 u industrialized Pula Bay, Croatia S Optimization of Materials on a Graphite Glass Composite Thick Film Working Electrode for Voltammetric Maksimiljan Dekleva 26 Detection of Neonicotinoids Monitoring of pesticides in water bodies from the Nenad Zaric 27 agricultural region of South Banat district in Serbia Propranolol Degradation Products after Non-thermal Sladjana Savić 30 Plasma Treatment using Coaxial DBD Reactor Synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using a Japanese Miha Ravbar 33 knotweed root extract Anions determination as an important property of soil in Emilija Vukićević 01 urban forests: case study Avala Mountain, Serbia Saturated Hydrocarbons Proxies as a Tool for Differentiation Between Anthropogenic and Natural Tatjana Šolević 04 Organic Matter Inputs to the Surface Soils of the Sava Knudsen River Alluvium h lt Occurrence of semi-volatile organic compounds in ae sediments of the Nerbioi-ibaizabal estuary: spatial and Pablo Irizar 06 H e geographical distribution and ecological risk assessment nO Leaching of insecticides in soil amended with microalgal Urška Šunta 09 biomass: the effect of microplastics in the soil Accumulation of Macro- and Trace Elements in Amphipod Synurella ambulans from Hyporheic Zone of Zuzana Redžović 22 the Sava River, Croatia Engineered Bioremediation - Technology of Choice for Srdjan Miletić 36 Treatment of Aquifer Contaminated with Oil Pollutants viii Wednesday, Dec 7th 2022 Session Board Poster Title Presenting Author Topic Number Influence and Contribution of Traffic on PM2.5 Concentrations Jelena Radonić 02 During Four Seasons in Novi Sad Unregulated Landfills as Sources of PM Emissions Maja Turk Sekulić 03 Adaption of a Solid Phase Extraction Method for Copper (I) Dora Crmaric 13 Determination in Marine Waters and Estuaries il Heavy Metals In The River Water And Sediment -An Impact To o Željko Jaćimović 18 S Human Health Heavy Metals In Edible Mushrooms -An Health Risk Željko Jaćimović 19 Assessment GC-MS analysis of liquid fractions obtained by off-line Dajana Savić 27 pyrolysis of reference synthetic and natural polymers Arthrospira platensis as a Highly Sustainable Ingredient for Eco-Ana Martić 34 friendly Cosmetics Road Dust Enrichment of Rare Earth Elements Collected in the Konstantin Ilijević 04 Vicinity of the Coal Combustion Power Plant Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown On Particulate Matter And Lorenzo Calvo Trace Elements Levels In The Ambient Air Of Urban And Rural 05 Blázquez Location In Extremadura (Spain) Evaluation of Extraction Procedures to Yield the Highest Pigment content, Antioxidant and Antityrosinase activity from Lara Čižmek 07 Green Algae Ulva lactuca Photostability and photoprotective effects of brown Lara macroalgae Halopteris scoparia influenced by seasonal changes Čižmek 08 Preparation of PET Particles By Cryomilling and Potential Petra 12 Environmental Impact of Microplastics Procházková r e Development of novel method for determination of at disinfection agent N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-dodecylpropane-1,3- Lovro Tomazin 15 W diamine using HPLC-DAD Persistent Organic Pollutants in the European Eel from the Karla Jagić 16 Karstic River (Raša River, Croatia) Biohydrometallurgical Methods for Cobal and Nickel Recovery Jelena Avdalović 20 from Printed PC Motherboard Phytotoxicity of Endocrine Disrupters Nonylphenol and Katarina Antić 25 Bisphenol A in Pelargonium Zonale Determination of the products of bacterial lignin degradation: Helena Plešnik 26 targeted and non-targeted screening Comparison of off-line pyrolysis of commercial biopolymers Jelena Isailović 28 and biomass samples Physicochemical Characterization of Biomass Samples Used Emilija Vukićević 29 for Pyrolysis and Co-Pyrolysis for Pyrolytic Processes Characterization of Atmospheric Aerosols (PM10 and PM2.5) in re Maja Ivanovski 01 e the Area of the Republic of Slovenia hps The use of ethanolic extracts of basil to improve the oxidative Mališa Antić 10 o stability of cold-pressed sunflower oil mtA Pyrolysis Characteristics of Sewage Sludge and Municipal Solid Maja Ivanovski 30 Waste Subjected to the Torrefaction Process ix Session Board Poster Title Presenting Author Topic Number Evaluation of Chlorella vulgaris Potential as Nutraceutical and Marija Baković 06 Sustainable Food Supplement Determination of Hydrodynamic Radius of Extracellular Particles from Conditioned Media of Microalgae ity Anna Romolo 09 il Phaeodactylum Tricornutum by Interferometric Light ba Microscopy in Synthesis of Iodine monochloride Using a Chlorine Solution in tas Sladjana Savić 23 u Glacial acetic acid with Simultaneous Disinfectant Generation S Determination of PAHs in flying ashes from multi-cyclones and Polonca Trebše 24 baghouse dust filters Life Cycle Assessment of Nature-Based Solution for Maja Turk Sekulić 31 Wastewater Treatment Acrylamide content in cookies based on spelt flour and Vesna Antić 11 beetroot powder Determination of Pollution Status of Urban Forest Obrenova Gorica čki Zabran (Serbia) – Part A: Anion Concentrations in 14 Veselinović Soil and Sediments Comparative Analysis of Metal Accumulation in Liver and Muscle of Northern Pike from the Mrežnica River: Spatial and Tatjana Mijošek 17 h Tissue-Specific Differences lta The role of Ni film structure on catalytic methane e Luís Alves 21 H decomposition en Effect of Calcination Step in the Activity of Ir/M-SnO2 O Luís Alves 22 Catalysts for PEM Technology Environmental Bioremediation Is The Technology Of The Srdjan Miletić 32 Future In Sustainable Development Microalgal cultures for wastewater polishing: application of Eva Salgado 33 artificial neural networks for process modelling and control Potential of nature-inspired prenylated flavonoids as a sustainable alternative to commercial biocides against marine Daniela Pereira 35 biofouling x PLENARY LECTURES PLENARY Emerging Chemicals: A Journey from Source to Environment Ester Heath1,2,* (1) Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia, (2) International Postgraduate School Jožef Stefan, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia *ester.heath@ijs.si Evaluating sources, cycling and fate of emerging [2] M. Česen, D. J. Heath, M. Krivec, J. Košmrlj, T. chemicals is vital since they have been detected at Kosjek, E. Heath (2018) Environmental pollution, 242, low levels in surface and groundwater, and there is 143-154. [3] A. Kovačič, M. Česen, M. Laimou-Geraniou, D. A. growing concern that these chemicals can Lambropoulou, T. Kosjek, D. J. Heath, E. Heath (2019) negatively impact ecosystem well-being. Emerging Environmental Research, 179, 108738. chemicals include pharmaceuticals, personal care [4] T. Verovšek, I. Krizman-Matasic, D. J. Heath, E. Heath products, and other potent endocrine disrupting (2021) Science of the Total Environment, 799, 150013. compounds, including bisphenols. Accordingly, [5] T. Verovšek, A. Šuštarič, M. Laimou-Geraniou, I. approaches for limiting their input into the Krizman-Matasic, H. Prosen, T. Eleršek, V. Kramarič environment and developing efficient and green Zidar, V. Mislej, B. Mišmaš, M. Stražar, M. Levstek, B. technologies for removing them from wastewater Cimrmančič, S. Lukšič, N. Uranjek, T. Kozlovič-Bobič, T. Kosjek, D. Kocman, D. Heath, E. Heath (2022) Science of are needed. This presentation will address possible the Total Environment, accepted for publication, Nov. sources [1] of these compounds in wastewater and 2022. research into conventional [2,3,5] and alternative [6] T. Gornik, S. Shinde, Sudhirkumar, L. Lamovšek, M. treatment technologies [6,7,8,9,10,11]. Their Koblar, E. Heath, B. Sellergren, T. Kosjek (2021) removal efficiencies, degradation kinetics and Polymers, 13, 120. general advantages and disadvantages will be [7] A. Kovačič, M. Modic, N. Hojnik, A. Vehar, T. compared to conventional biological treatment and Kosjek, D. J. Heath, J. L. Walsh, U. Cvelbar, E. Heath concepts such as the formation of transformation (2022) Science of the Total Environment, [in press]. [8] A. Kovačič, D. Škufca, M. Zupanc, J. Gostiša, B. products [12,13] will be discussed. Bizjan, N. Krištofelc, M. Sollner Dolenc, E. Heath (2020) Science of the Total Environment, 743, 140724. Acknowledgements [9] F. Prosenc, J. Piechocka, D. Škufca, E. Heath, T. Griessler Bulc, D. Istenič, G. Buttiglieri (2021) Journal of The study was performed with the financial hazardous materials, 418, 126284. assistance of the Slovenian Research Agency, [10] D. Škufca, A. Kovačič, T. Griessler Bulc, Tjaša, E. namely Program Group P1-0143 and Projects Heath (2021) Chemosphere, 271, 129786. N1- 0143, L7-1848, L1-9191, N1-0047, J1-8147, [11] B. Žener, L. Matoh, P. Rodič, D. Škufca, E. Heath, U. J2-8162, L1-7544, J1-6744 and L1-5457 Lavrenčič Štangar. (2021) Journal of environmental chemical engineering, 9, 1-9. References [12] T. Gornik, A. Kovačič, E. Heath, J. Hollender, T. [1] M. Česen, K. Lenarčič, V. Mislej., M. Levstek, A. Kosjek (2021) Water research, 181, 115864. Kovačič, B. Cimrmančič, N. Uranjek, T. Kosjek, D. J. [13] A. Kovačič, C. Gys, M. R. Gulin, Martin Rafael, T. Heath, M. Sollner Dolenc, E. Heath (2018) Science of the Gornik, T. Kosjek, D. J. Heath, A. Covaci, E. Heath (2021) Total Environment, 616-617, 744-752. Journal of hazardous materials, 404, 124079 Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 1 PLENARY Air Pollution and Health: New Methods for Characterisation of Chemical Composition, Biological Effects and Toxicological Impact of Ambient Air and Aerosol Emissions R. Zimmermann1,2*, J: Passig1,2, R. Irsig3, H. Czech1,2, P. Martens1, J. Schade1,6, S. Ehlert3, T. Gröger2, O.Sipulla7, E. Zimmermann1,2, J. Pantzke1,2, S. Offer1,2, Y. Rudich4, M. Prado4, A. Kiendler-Scharr5, T. Hohaus5, M. N. Delaval2, S. Di Bucchianico1,2, T. Adam6 and other members of the aeroHEALTH consortium (www.aerohealth.eu) (1) University of Rostock, Analytical Chemistry and Department LL&M, Germany, (2) Helmholtz Centre Munich, CMA, Munich, Germany, (3) Photonion GmbH, Schwerin, Germany, (4) Weizmann Institute, Revohot, Israel, (5) Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany, (6) Universität der Bundeswehr-München, München, Germany, (7) University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland *ralf.zimmermann@uni-rostock.de Air pollution with inhalable particle matter (PM) is exposure, cells are harvested and subjected to state- known to be one most severe environmental health- of-the-art toxicological and molecular biological risks worldwide (WHO, 2001). The investigation of analysis. As an example, a study elucidating the the adverse effect mechanisms of aerosols (i.e. impact of atmospheric photochemical aging on suspended, airborne particles) is a complex, aerosol particle-induced health effects is discussed multidisciplinary task with many scientific and (in framework of aeroHEALTH, technological challenges. In order to better www.aeroHEALTH.eu). The model experiments understand the causes of the health effects, new address differences in toxicological effects of methods and technologies for a more Secondary Organic Aerosols (SOA), generated by comprehensive characterisation of the chemical photochemically aging of either a common biogenic composition and physical properties of aerosols (i.e. (β-pinene) or anthropogenic (naphthalene) gaseous particles and gases) need to be developed. organic precursors. Different lung cell models (e.g. Furthermore, improved biological assessment A549 lung epithelial cells or a co-culture model of approaches for the adverse/toxic effects of aerosols A549 and EA.hy926-endothelial cells) were are needed. In this lecture new approaches for both, exposed for 4 h to different SOA concentrations (β- the chemical and the toxicological characterisation pinene-SOA or naphthalene) at the air-liquid of aerosols are presented, discussed and interface (ALI). The aerosols were comprehensively demonstrated by application examples. physico-chemically characterized and cytotoxicity, In order to assess the toxicological impact of intracellular oxidative stress, genotoxicity, aerosols, reliable biological in-vitro models are inflammatory effects etc. were determined [1] needed which allow a reproducible aerosol exposure followed by a RNAseq transcriptome analysis. At and straight-forward biological effect analysis. In functional level, SOANAP augments e.g. secretion of the last decade, air-liquid-interface (ALI) exposable malondialdehyde (lipid peroxidation) and IL-8. An biological lung models, consisting either of simple activation of endothelial cells (co-culture) was mono cell-type-cultures or more complex co- confirmed by comet assay, suggesting secondary culture- or differentiated lung tissue models have genotoxicity. Chemical characterization revealed been developed. New automated ALI exposure distinct differences in the composition of the two systems (Vitrocell GmbH) enable the direct SOA-types. Both SOA-types cause significant exposure of lung cells grown on a semipermeable toxicological effects with greater adverse impact of membrane to moisturized aerosols, e.g. from SOANAP compared to SOAβPIN. Aromatic combustion sources or aerosol generators. After the precursors, such as naphthalene, form more Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 2 PLENARY oxidized and aromatic SOA of higher oxidation potential with higher toxicity compared to aliphatic Acknowledgements precursors (e.g. β-pinene). Recently also fresh and Funding by the Helmholtz Association (HGF) for photochemical aged gasoline car emissions (EURO the aeroHEALTH Helmholtz International Lab and 6 level) were tested, showing a significant the German Science Foundation is gratefully toxification of the emissions by photochemical acknowledged. aging, highlighting the important influence of atmospheric chemistry for the adverse health- References outcomes of air pollution and emissions. [1] S. Offer et al. (2022) Environ. Health Perspect,130, 2. In the second part or the lecture, a new concept for [2] J. Schade et al. (2019) Anal. Chem. , 91, 10282–10288 an improved aerosol characterisation approach is presented. The chemical composition of the particles is considered to be highly relevant for the PM-toxicity. In particular, the content of toxic compounds such as soot, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or transition metals (e.g. Fe or Cu) is of concern. In conjunction with particle toxicological studies, usually a detailed analysis of the PM composition is performed by chemical analysis of PM-filter samples. This approach gives integral values on the pollutant concentrations (i.e. amount per cubic meter). However, any information on the mixing state of toxicants is missing. The mixing state, however, likely is crucial to assess health effects: the toxicants may either be equally distributed over many particles (internally mixed) or could be highly concentrated within a specific, small sub-population (externally mixed), inducing different effects upon particle in-lung deposition. In the latter case, the particles with a very high concentration of toxicants will induce stronger cellular effects at the deposition site due to local overwhelming of defense mechanisms (e.g. antioxidant capacity depletion) and due to DAMP signaling (i.e. if necrotic cell death is induced). Consequently, novel on-line analysis techniques, addressing the mixing state of health relevant PM- chemicals on a single-particle scale are required. A new approach for on-line single particle analysis bases on bipolar laser mass spectrometry (Photonion GmbH). The aerosol is directly sampled from the air. The organic coating of the size- classified aerosol particles (laser velocimetry) is desorbed by an IR-laser pulse. A few µs later, the relevant toxicants (transition metals, PAH and soot) are ionized by a novel combined laser ionization scheme and are detected in the mass spectrometer. The new Single Particle Mass Spectrometric (SPMS) method will be presented and explained [2]. It has been already applied e.g. for ambient aerosol analyses or combustion emission monitoring and is giving new insights into the mixing state of the air toxicants (PAH/metals/soot) and other compounds (e.g. nitrate, sulfate etc.). Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 3 PLENARY Soils, a Sink for Legacy and Emerging Pollutants. Impacts in Natural Areas S. Lacorte1,*, M. Dulsat-Masvidal1, R. Mateo2 (1) Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain, (2) Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain. *silvia.lacorte@idaea.csic.es WWTP Discharges run-off, wastewater effluents, diffuse pollution... Landuse Contamination Effects on the of soils environment Nowadays soils are stressed by multiple Predicted No Effect Concentrations (PNEC), as a anthropogenic factors associated with land use such tool to evaluate their impact [4]. We have used as urban expansion, industrialization, road Principal Component Analysis and Corine land use infrastructures, waste disposal and intensive information to determine main pollution patterns, agriculture. These activities may directly or their geographical distribution and identification of indirectly cause the release of contaminants to the pollution sources according to the activities carried environment, which can thereafter be deposited or out in each area. It has been observed that artificial accumulated in soil [1]. Therefore, soils, especially land, mining, and pesticide use were the main those with high organic matter content, act as sinks activities affecting the quality of soils. Overall, this and reservoirs of a myriad of contaminants such as study highlights the importance of soil monitoring flame retardants, plasticizers, pesticides or metals, studies to evaluate the impact of contaminants in a among others [2]. Contamination of soils affects the matrix highly stressed by anthropogenic factors. quality and productivity of crops and poses groundwater resources at risk [3]. There is also Acknowledgements evidence that contaminants present in soil can be The Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation is transferred to the food chain, and affect wildlife and acknowledged for financial support [PID2019- human health. As soils reflect both historical and 105732GBC21] from CIN/AEI/10.13039/5011000 recent pollution inputs, assessment of their 11033 and for the Severo Ochoa project Grant contamination status is extremely relevant as soil CEX2018-000794-S funded by MCIN/AEI/ pollution affects ecosystem structure and soil 10.13039/501100011033 to IDAEA-CSIC as functions. Centre of Excellence. In this study, we have assessed the soil pollution levels in natural areas including National and References Natural Parks. These areas have a high protection [1] C.S.S.Ferreira, S. Seifollahi-Aghmiuni, G. Destouni, level and are of ecological interest as are intended N. Ghajarnia, Z. Kalantari (2022) Science of the Total to preserve biodiversity and wildlife. However, they Environment, 805, 150106. [2] T.J. McGrath, A. S., Ball, B. O. Clarke (2017). may be impacted by contaminants due to the various Environmental Pollution 230, 741-757. activities performed within the boundaries of the [3] P. Colomer-Vidal. L. Jiang, W. Mei, C. Luo, S. Parks such as tourism, farming, animal rearing, Lacorte, A. Rigol, G. Zhang (2022) Journal Hazardous timbering or indirectly by atmospheric deposition. Materials 421, 126768-127776. We have undertaken a soil monitoring program to [4] NORMAN ecotoxicology database, 2021. Network of determine the presence of legacy contaminants such reference laboratories, research centres and related as PCBs, PAHs and organochlorine pesticides and organisations for monitoring of emerging environmental also of plasticizers, flame retardants and metals. The substances.https://www.norman- network.com/nds/ecotox/lowestPnecsIndex.php. most prevalent contaminants in soil were identified and their accumulative risk assessed according to Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 4 KEYNOTE LECTURES KEYNOTE Adsorption Process Puzzle in Novel Water Treatment for Organics Removal I. Ivančev-Tumbas1,*, M. Bogunović1 (1) University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Trg D. Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia *ivana.ivancev-tumbas@d h.uns.ac.rs Anthropogenic ogranic Natural organic matter pollutants Adsorbent surface Inorganic water Water constituents Adsorption has been successfully used in water continuous dosing during filtration, hydraulic treatment for removal of colour, taste and odour contact time). compounds, fractions of natural organic matter and The lecture will compile our recently published removal of some organic pollutants for almost one results related to organic micropollutants removal century. Surprisingly, after decades, the same topic from water with focus on inspirational open issues still remains a puzzle. This is caused by the recently in activated carbon adsorption and interactions with acquired knowledge about complexity and pollution natural organic matter [e.g. 4, 5]. It will be shown of different water matrices and both natural and how increase of surface oxygen content affected anthropogenic changes that are globally occurring. adsorption of selected organic compounds on "Old" adsorption related topics for the most carbonaceous graphite surface that is more frequently used adsorbent, activated carbon, are on homogenous than activated carbon. Furthermore, the research agenda again but enlightened from the the methodology of comparison of various carbons new perspectives. Reopened questions relate to for anthropogenic markers removal from water will sorbent production, relevant characterisation, but be discussed based on lessons learned from recent also optimisation of its use which is found to be work. influenced by complex interactions in water matrices and the way they are treated (e.g. place of Acknowledgements adsorption process in whole water treatment train, The authors acknowledge financial support of the contact time of adsorbent and water, combination Ministry of Education, Science and Technological with other process materials, etc). Desorption of Development of the Republic of Serbia (Grant No. pollutants [1] and competition with natural organic 451-03-68/2022-14/200125). matter [2] remain the challenge both in research and real water treatment. The reason is huge number of References pollutants in aquatic environment that we are aware [1] G. Aschermann, L. Neubert, F. Zietzschmann, M. Jekel of since 1990-ties and versatile nature of the natural (2019) Water Research, 161,161-170. organic matter. Fragmented results need [2] R. Guillossou, J. Le Roux, R. Mailler, C. S. Pereira-Derome, G. Varrault, A. Bressy, E. Vulliet, C. Morlay, F. generalizations and require new modelling tools. Nauleau, V. Rocher, J. Gasperi (2020) Water Research, Additionally, high relevance of bacteria and viruses 172, 115487. removal from water nowadays brings application of [3] G. Hoffmann, Rathinam K., Martschin M., Ivančev- relatively novel hybrid treatment into the focus of Tumbas I., Panglisch S. (2021) Water, 13, 3578. researchers. Combination of adsorption with [4] I. Ivancev-Tumbas, L. Landwehrkamp, R. Hobby, M. various types of membrane filtration in different Vernillo, S. Panglisch (2020) Adsorption Science and process configurations is effective both in removal Technology, 38 (7-8), 286-303. of organic micropollutants and microorganisms. [5] M. Bogunović, Marjanović T., Ivančev-Tumbas I. (2022) International Journal of Environmental Research However, it also requires fine, research based tuning and Public Health, 18, 8691. [3] related to the way of the carbon application (dosing suspension concentration, single or Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 7 KEYNOTE Public Health Advances in Environmental Monitoring and Nano-Based Disinfection V. Romano Spica1,*, G. Lofrano1 (1) University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 6, Rome, Italy *vincenzo.romanospica@uniroma4.it Nanotechnology is one of the fastest growing field prevent the release of faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in science, being considered the emblem of the ( i.e. , Escherichia coli and enterococci) into the twenty-first century innovation. In particular, the environment via effluent discharge/reuse, with varying levels of success. Among them, advanced feverish development of engineered nanoscale oxidation processes (AOPs) have emerged as materials (NMs) represents a technological promising, innovative water treatment technologies. revolution for the development of innovative Photocatalysis has gained growing attention owing materials and new productive sectors at the service to its intelligent design and adjustable operational of citizens [1]. efficiency and costs. In the last decades, several The environmental monitoring is recently facing engineered nanomaterials have been developed to overcome the drawbacks of the conventional the presence of contaminants of emerging concern materials and to maximize process behaviours in the (CECs), including any chemical or microorganism removal of a wide range of CECs including several discovered in water or into the environment that was emerging pathogens as well [3]. not previously detected, or being present at very low levels. Acknowledgements Proper wastewater disinfection represents the This study was partially founded within Grant base for the prevention of waterborne infections European Union MUR DM 1062 2021 induced by pathogenic microorganism, which can code C0-G-14733-1 and MIUR-Fund-PON R&I outbreak and increase the disease burden, especially 2014-2020 React-EU code DOT17C0959-2. The in developing countries, with subsequent social and authors thank Forniture Tessili Cimmino srl and economic impacts. Moreover, treated wastewater is GeneS Start Up for supporting the research for also a reliable and attractive alternative source of innovation in the field in collaboration with the water supply in developed countries (EU 2022/952 University of Rome “Foro Italico” regulation). In this regard, disinfection is mandatory before wastewater discharge and reuse to References kill/inactivate pathogens [2]. [1] G. Lofrano, G. Libralato, J. Brown (Editors) Contemporary conventional water disinfection Nanotechnologies for environmental remediation. technologies, including chlorination and ultra-violet Springer, 2017, 6. radiation (UV), have been extensively discussed [2] J. Wang, K. Huang, Z. Wu, Y. Yu (2022) Ultrason. due to their various operational and environmental Sonochem., 82, 105905. burdens, such as the formation of potentially [3] G. Lofrano, F. Ubaldi, L. Albarano, M. Carotenuto, V. hazardous disinfection by-products (DBPs), which Vaiano, F. Valeriani, ... & V. Romano Spica (2022) are inevitably produced due to the reaction between Nanomaterials, 12(16), 2831. disinfectants, halides, and organic matter, and high energy consumption. Thus, the identification of alternative technologies is a necessary challenge for human health and ecosystem protection. A variety of treatment technologies have been reported in the literature to Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 8 KEYNOTE Nanoplastics Measurements in the Environment: What Did We Learn So Far? D. Materić1,* (1) Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany *dusan.materic@ufz.de Plastic pollution has been recognised to be a striking facts: (a) the nanoplastic concentrations global problem, as particles of various sizes have were very high - we measured high concentrations been detected in water, soil and air, from urban to and deposition rates of nanoplastics (42 kg km−2 remote areas. Plastics are one of the most commonly year−1) in the remote sites [4], and they were similar used materials, with an annual production of 368 to the mass reported for microplastics [6,7]; (b) the million tonnes worldwide, of which 57.9 million nanoplastics pollution problem is actually not new - tonnes (15.7 %) are produced in Europe [1]. When we detected the nanoplastics in the Greenland ice plastics are disposed, they fragment from larger to record, dated back to 1960s [5]. Thus, our work smaller particles, e.g. from macro- to microplastics suggests that nanoplastics are a much larger, more (size <5 mm) to nanoplastics (particles <1 μm). expansive and older environmental problem than Nanoplastics have been suspected to be a anticipated. significant environmental problem; however, until recently, no quantitative method was available to Acknowledgements measure the nanoplastics in environmental samples. I acknowledge the support from Dutch Research However, I have developed the first method capable Council (NWO) grant numbers: OCENW.XS2.078 of sensitive quantification of nanoplastics in the and OCENW.XS21.2.042. environmental samples [2] – closing the well- known methodological gap. The method works on References the following principle: different plastics have [1] PlasticsEurope, Plastics - the Facts 2020, different melting points and release different (2021). https://plasticseurope.org/knowledge- organic vapours (i.e. smells) when heated up. A hub/plastics-the-facts-2020/. [2] D. Materić, A. Kasper-Giebl, D. Kau, M. gradual increase in the temperature combined with Anten, M. Greilinger, E. Ludewig, E. van Sebille, T. real-time, high-resolution, quantitative mass Röckmann, R. Holzinger, Environ. Sci. Technol. 54 (2020) spectrometry (PTR-MS) allows us to selectively 2353–2359. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b07540. and sensitively measure both concentrations and [3] D. Materić, M. Peacock, J. Dean, M. Futter, T. types of nanoplastics. As the method is compatible Maximov, F. Moldan, T. Röckmann, R. Holzinger, with the analysis of air (e.g. aerosol filters) and Environ. Res. Lett. 17 (2022) 054036. liquid samples (e.g. surface water [3], snow/ice/rain [4] D. Materić, E. Ludewig, D. Brunner, T. [4–6], seawater [7]), it provides a suitable platform Röckmann, R. Holzinger, Environmental Pollution. (2021) 117697. for a systematic analysis of environmental https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117697. nanoplastics. [5] D. Materić, H.A. Kjær, P. Vallelonga, J.-L. We successfully measured nanoplastics in Alps Tison, T. Röckmann, R. Holzinger, Environmental [4], rural surface water in Sweden and Siberia [3], Research. 208 (2022) 112741. and Greenland ice core and Antarctica sea ice [5]. [6] S. Allen, D. Materić, D. Allen, A. MacDonald, In these first measurements that involved an R. Holzinger, G.L. Roux, V.R. Phoenix, Journal of international and multidisciplinary team, we applied Hazardous Materials Advances. 7 (2022) 100104. a strict quality control protocol and found two [7] D. Materić, R. Holzinger, H. Niemann, Science of The Total Environment. 846 (2022) 157371. Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 9 KEYNOTE Studies on Sampling and Molecular Characterization of Bioaerosol Viral and Bacterial Components in Outdoor and Indoor Environments A.S.Gaetano1, S.Semeraro2, A.Pallavicini3, L.Zupin4, M.G.Perrone5, F.Fontana6, E.Greco1,2, S.Licen1,2, P.Barbieri1,2* (1) DSCF University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, Trieste, Italy, (2) Interuniversity Consortium INSTM, Via Via Giusti, 9, Firenze, Italy (3) DSV University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 5, Trieste, Italy, (4) IRCCS Burlo Garofolo Via dell‘Istria 65, Trieste, Italy (5) TCR-Tecora Srl, via delle Primule16,Cogliate (MB), Italy (6) ASUGI, Ospedale S.Polo Via Galvani1, Monfalcone (GO), Italy *barbierp@units.it Societal issues as the COVID-19 pandemic and Taxonomic Units (OTU). First results shows that healthcare criticalities as the Anti-Microbial- low flow Condensation Growth Tubes sampler with Resistance emergency have risen attention to DNA/RNA shield produces higher OTU amount bioaerosols and the presence of pathogenic and microbial diversity information as compared to components in air. Despite this relevance, there is Swirling Aerosol Collector and portable gelatin lack of standardized or well accepted procedures of filtration sampler. No on-site/in field SARS-CoV-2 instrumental approaches for characterizing bacterial detection has been revealed by CANARY assay. and viral components of bioaerosols. Different A consequent study from a poorly aerated (CO2 sampling tools and molecular analysis protocols for monitored) isolation room of a COVID-19 weakly microorganisms both from outdoor and indoor symptomatic individual is presented, reporting environments have been proposed, but little evidences by ViVAS, BioFlash, swab samples and information on comparative assessments has been residual infectivity testing in a BSL3 laboratory by published. We started an intercomparison exercise CPE plaque test on VERO E6. No for sampling approaches, considering Condensation infectivity/cytopathic effect has been detected by Growth Tubes (Aerosol Devices-Biospot BSS310 cellular models, but good correlation between viral ViVAS sampler), swirling aerosol collector (SKC- RNA sampled by low and high volume samplings. BioSampler), gelatin impactors and filters Experimental settings and protocols for assessing (Sartorius-MD8 Airport). Sampling approaches samplers, PPE for SARS-CoV-2 aerosols in a BSL3 keeping microbial integrity allowing sound laboratory [4] have been designed and realised; the recovery and viability/infectivity assessment are settings will be applied to the study of interactions addressed. Aiming at qualitative and quantitative between biotic and abiotic aerosol components. microbial detection of bacteria and viruses in Acknowledgements (intrinsically diluted) air samples [1] an approach ACEGAS-APS-AMGA utility company and has been developed and deployed using rt-PCR Società Italiana di Medicina Ambientale are kindly metagenomic analyses for bacteria on 16S gene [2] acknowledged for the support to the research. and targeted detection of SARS-CoV-2, also testing Cellular Analysis and Notification of Antigen Risks References and Yields (CANARY) detection [3] after high [1] H. Mbareche, E. Brisebois, M. Veillette, C. Duchaine volume sampling by Smiths Detection BioFlash. (2017) Science of the Total Environment, 599, 2095-2104. Samplings sessions have been completed in May [2] A. Giglio, M.L. Vommaro, F. Gionechetti, A. and July 2022 in close proximity of the aeration Pallavicini (2021) J. Applied Entomology, 145, 986-1000. [3] T.H. Rider. M.S. Petrovick, F.E. Narqi, J.D. Harper, et tanks of untreated effluents from the Waste Water al. (2003) Science, 301, 213-215. Treatment Plant of the city of Trieste. Same air [4] L. Zupin, S. Licen, M. Milani et al. (2021) Int. J. volume (1,440 m3) collected with different samplers Environmental Research Public Health, 18, 11172-86. and media produce different results in terms of amount of DNA sequences defining Operational Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 10 KEYNOTE Promising Bioactive Compounds from Marine Macroalgae: from Basic Research to Potential Application S. Babić1,2,* (1) Laboratory for aquaculture biotechnology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia, (2) Center of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting (BioProCro), Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia *babic@irb.hr Marine macroalgae (seaweeds) represent a novel Codium adhaerens, and Dasycladus vermicularis and sustainable reserve of highly diverse molecules obtained within the BioProCro. The results suggest already recognized by the pharmaceutical, that mentioned algae might be a potent source of cosmetic, and food industries. In order to survive in natural molecules with antioxidant, anti- a very competitive and harsh environment, inflammatory, regenerative and osteogenic seaweeds had to develop defence strategies, activities, such as pigments, terpenes, and resulting in an extraordinary chemical and bio- porphyrin-based compounds. diversity of secondary metabolites that vary considerably even between the same species [1]. Acknowledgements The Adriatic Sea, characterized by high salinity, This study was supported by the Scientific Centre seasonal oscillations of temperature, relatively low of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting depth, and increased UV radiation impact [2], (BioProCro), a project co-financed by the Croatian yielded numerous endemic species and caused Government and the European Union through the intraspecific variations that are, despite the European Regional Development Fund—the immense scientific effort, not being thoroughly Competitiveness and Cohesion Operational investigated. The Scientific Centre of Excellence Programme (KK.01.1.1.01). (BioProCro) and project Bioprospecting of the Adriatic Sea thus represent the first attempt to References access the resources of Croatian marine ecosystems [1] A.M. Cikoš, S. Jokić, D. Šubarić, I. Jerković (2018) comprehensively and speed up and simplify the Marine Drugs, 16(10), 348. processes of discovering novel natural compounds [2] B. Grbec, F. Matić, G. Beg Paklar, M. Morović, R. Popović, I. Vilibić (2018) Pure and Applied Geophysics, and determine their beneficial activities. Bioassays 175, 4031–4046. play a central role in such projects and their [3] C. Di Paolo, T.B. Seiler, S. Keiter, M. Hu, M. Muz, M., selection and application have to focus on assessing W. Brack, H. Hollert (2015) Environmental Sciences specific endpoints for bioactivity identification. Europe, 27(1), 1-11. Since certain bioactivities can be increased/decreased/annulled upon metabolism processes, bioassays using zebrafish Danio rerio embryos and larvae appear ideal for this purpose since they combine the organism-level approach with the advantages of the in vitro format [3]. The oral presentation will focus on bioactivities of methanolic and dichloromethane fractions of brown and green macroalgae Fucus virsoides, Ericaria crinita, Ericaria amentacea, Cystoseira compressa Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 11 KEYNOTE What Does the Circular Economy Really Mean in our Daily Lives? G. Salihoglu1,* (1) Bursa Uludag University, Environmental Engineering Department, Bursa, Türkiye *gurays@uludag.edu.tr Circular economy model replaces the “end-of- circular economy, waste does not exist, and life” concept, the “waste” concept, in other words products and raw materials are (designed to be) [1]. It is defined as a restorative industrial system by reused as long and intensive as possible over and intention and design, which eliminates the use of over again. Waste is the new raw material. In this toxic substances, encourages renewable energy use, paper the possibility and reality of closing the and recovery [1]. Superior design of materials, circular economy loops for certain products will be products, systems, and business models is the key discussed. Electronic wastes, organic wastes, [2]. several industrial wastes, packaging and plastic The circular economy concept is viewed as an wastes etc. will be examined in circular economy operationalization for business to implement approach. Sustainable product initiative and digital sustainable development concept [3]. The waste product passport concepts will be explored. management hierarchy, or 4R (reduce, reuse, recycle, and recover) framework of the European References Union (EU) Waste Framework Directive is [1] EMF, Ellen MacArthur Foundation (2012) Towards generally regarded as the core principle of circular the Circular Economy: Economic and Business Rationale economy [4]. The 4R framework may be regarded for an Accelerated Transition. [2] Geissdoerfer, M., Savaget, P., Bocken, N.M.P., as one way of operationalization of circular economy concept. However, the fact that “most Hultink, E.J. (2017) Journal of Cleaner Production, 143, 757–768. recycling is actually down cycling since the quality [3] Ghisellini, P., Cialani, C., Ulgiati, S. (2016) Journal of gets deteriorated over time” should be noted with Cleaner Production, 114, 11–32. the 4R framework [5]. Circular economy [4] Zhu, Q., Geng, Y., Lai, K. (2010) Journal of necessitates a systemic shift (Kirchherr et al., 2017). Environmental Management, 91 (6), 1324–1331. Kirchherr et al. [6] made a cloud analysis of the [5] Braungart, M., McDonough, W. (2002) Cradle to circular economy definitions and identified the term Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things. North Point “economic” as one of the most prominent terms. Press, New York, United States. [6] Kirchherr, J., Reike, D., Hekkert, M. (2017) Resources, They concluded that this result may infer economic Conservation & Recycling, 127, 221–232. prosperity as a key aim of circular economy [6]. Although circular economy describes an economic system that is based on business models, a significant portion of the system operates at micro level including products and consumers. Therefore, circular economy has different reflections in our daily lives. In most of the times consumers are at the point that the loop can be closed. However, it is not always up to the consumers to close the loops. The possibility of closing the loop is mostly determined at the design stage of the products or services. In a Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 12 KEYNOTE Photocatalysis for Pollution Remediation: Treating Air, Water, and Hard Surfaces A. Šuligoj1,2,*, N. Novak Tušar2,3, U. Lavrenčič Štangar1,3 (1) Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Večna pot 113, Ljubljana, Slovenia, (2) National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana, Slovenia, (3) University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 11c, Ajdovščina, Slovenia *Andraz.Suligoj@fkkt.uni-lj.si Solar photocatalysis, a part of broader term Herein the efforts and effects of several advanced oxidation processes (AOP) under which modification methods to improve the photocatalytic other technologies such as Fenton, ozonation and activity of TiO2 and ZnO will be presented. The photocatalysis in general are present, is one of the changes are discussed on the electronic and on the most applied technologies of its filed. The structural level, as well as on the aspect to which commercial aspects of solar photocatalysis go back such modifications affect the photocatalytic to mid-1990s in Japan and spread later also to north performance in gas-, solid-, and liquid-solid America and Europe [1]. As such, it is one of the interface. Real-life applications of these materials most interesting fields, probably due to its will also be presented for liquid-solid and self- environmentally friendly nature and the fact that it cleaning applications. promises to employ solar irradiation as its energy source – a source which is bountiful in many parts Acknowledgements of the Earth. The acknowledgements should be written here. Thank you for spending your time in reading the Although solar photocatalysis is the holy grail of instructions. Feel free to contact us for any further the majority of efforts of researchers, some information (emec22@zf.uni-lj.si). applications are void of interest in solar spectral response. These include closed HVAC systems and References underground reactor set-ups, when applied. [1] A. Fujishima, A. K. Honda (1972) Nature, 238, 37–38. Nevertheless, improving the quantum yield of any [2] A. Šuligoj, U. L. Štangar, A. Ristić, M. Mazaj, D. material is a common theme amongst the published Verhovšek, N. N. Tušar (2016) Applied Catalysis B Environmental, 184, 119–131. literature on photocatalysis in the last half century. [3] A. Šuligoj, I. Arčon, M. Mazaj, G. Dražić, D. Arčon, P. Cool, U. L. Štangar, N. N. Tušar (2018) Journal of Of the many applicable semiconductor materials Material Chemistry A, 6, 9882–9892. for photocatalysis, titanium dioxide (TiO2) is by far the most researched. Efforts for increasing the applicability of TiO2 and other semiconductors in industrial scale have led to studies of mixed TiO2– MXOX oxides [2], where M stands for metal, usually Si, W, Cu, Fe, etc., doping, and introduction of co- catalyst [3], to name a few approaches. However, the effects of such modifications can be seen on the macroscopic, i.e., structural level as well as on the electronic level. It is therefore critical to understand both aspects of such modifications to exploit the full potential of such systems. Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 13 SESSION 1: Soil & Solid Matrices ORAL (#1) Geochemical and Ecotoxicity Properties of Therapeutic Peloid Muds from Serbia and Slovenia A. Šajnović1, S. Stojadinović1, G. Gajica1,*, G. Veselinović1, N. Glavaš2, P. Trebše3, F. Prosenc3, I. Gevinç3,4, B. Jovančićević5 (1) University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade, Serbia, (2) SOLINE Pridelava soli d.o.o., Seča 115, Portorož, Slovenia, (3) University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia, (4) Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Engineering, Environmental Engineering Department, 16059, Bursa, Turkey, (5) University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia *gordana.gajica@ihtm.bg.ac.rs 50 n-Alkane distribution RUS VRU OVC SEC 0 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 The samples assessed in this study were [2]. A significant contribution of algae in OVC and therapeutic peloid muds from Slovenian (Sečovlje RUS samples is confirmed by the abundance of (SEC)) and Serbian spas (Rusanda (RUS), Vrujci regular C27 sterane and short chain C21 and C22 (VRU), and Ovča (OVC)). Sampling was simply steranes. done directly from the spa areas. Each collected In comparison with reference values [3], elevated sample was kept separately in glass jars in a concentrations were found for microelements: As, refrigerator until further analysis. Bi, Li and Se, at all investigated sites, while Cr and Organic and inorganic geochemical analyses Ni were elevated in VRU and SEC. The enrichment have been used for estimation of the origin and factor and geoaccumulation index show that the maturity of organic matter, depositional highest enrichment was by Se. However, it is environment characteristics and assessment of the considered that Se has no significant toxicological pollution status. Additionally, the toxicity potential features and a limit value for cosmetic products has measured by the inhibition of luminescence of not been proposed. Some of the peloids can cause Vibrio fischeri, as well as the content of large toxic effects due to As content and Cr and Ni, the microplastics (1 – 5 mm) were determined. elements considered as partly toxic. Obtained results indicate predominantly The highest content of microplastics and the terrestrial organic matter with certain contributions highest toxicity were observed for the OVC sample of algae and/or bacteria in samples VRU, RUS and with the luminescent inhibition of almost 100 %. SEC in precursor biomass. The presence of bacteria SEC and VRU exhibited comparable luminescence and other microorganisms in peloids has the inhibition of 16 and 21 %, respectively. potential to “boost” their therapeutic value. The pronounced dominance of n-C17 among saturated Acknowledgements hydrocarbons was noted in sample OVC and This research is a part of the bilateral project amounts to approximately 50 % of their overall 2021–2023 between the Republic of Serbia and distribution. This indicates the recent input of Slovenia ‘‘Geochemical approach in microalgae or cyanobacteria in precursors biomass, characterisation of therapeutical peloid mud from which can have great potential and influence on Serbian and Slovenian spas’’. cosmetic properties of peloids [1]. Besides this, all peloid samples contain other classes of organic References compounds which are useful and purposeful (for [1] M.L. Mourelle, C.P. Gómez, J.L. Legido (2021) example, fatty acid methyl esters, fatty acid ethyl Marine drugs, 19, 666-682. esters, and steranes). Thus, the lower homologues of [2] The Biomarker Guide, Biomarkers and Isotopes in the Environment and Human History. K.E. Peters, C. Walters, fatty acid methyl esters (< C20) which are J.M. Moldowan, University Press, Cambridge, 2005. characteristic of investigated samples indicate [3] S.R. Taylor, S.M. McLennan (1995) Reviews aquatic organisms, algae, and bacteria as precursors of Geophysics, 33, 241-265. Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 17 ORAL (#1) Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Volatile Methylsiloxanes in Sand S. Ferreira1,2, D. Capela1, H. Sá1, C. Espregueira1, F. Sánchez-Soberón1, I. Bragança1, J. Castro-Jiménez3, P. Jiménez-Guerrero4, F. Cereceda-Balic5, X. Fadic5, V. Homem1,2, N. Ratola1,2,* (1) LEPABE, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (2) ALiCE, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (3) IFREMER, Rue de l’Ile d’Yeu, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes, Cedex 3, France; (4) GMAR, Department of Physics, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (5) CETAM and Department of Chemistry, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile *nrneto@fe.up.pt 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% o l i t i i z s t c a a o n a a o a a d h t e l t o a o a o a o o a l c es r ó c ll eo ti kl m d t c at Ré a mi r ti o h s es d r al ay u So i o ar al u at er r o u k t r el r m i t l c nI c a u n o mes Av ar n es r ad t B p r B E r l at Pi s or Lah ar i i ot Sar u B ar ed ei ut ip mo l o Santo o y ll Ab adc lE o ed s So C n o i Pr i H E p en g t M St . r r r r u i c B an es s n d o M t Acap e Po a r ab E I M n o Ru Sand H c La M Po Al C C r Fo Pe tr n et e u T . C Fi Mai San n al et H o Po C al embo La C C es Lag D D3 D4 D5 D6 lVMSs Given their unique physicochemical properties, Considering the temporal trends, higher volatile methylsiloxanes (VMSs) are used in concentrations were observed in the summer numerous applications, particularly intensive in months, corresponding to a greater presence of personal care products (PCPs), which increases the tourists. Moreover, an intra-day study in a crowded presence of these compounds in the environment, beach revealed that VMS levels tend to follow the namely in coastal areas [1]. To have an idea of the beach attendance. presence of VMSs in these areas, sand can be used as an indicator [2]. Acknowledgements This work aimed perform a wide screening to This work was financially supported by: (i) analyze the presence of seven VMSs, four cyclic LA/P/0045/2020 (ALiCE), UIDB/00511/2020 and (D3-D6) and three linear (L3-L5), in beach sand UIDP/00511/2020 (LEPABE – Laboratory for samples from 10 countries in Europe and South Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology America and assess some temporal trends that may and Energy), funded by national funds through be linked to such presence (using examples from FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC); (ii) Project Portugal, Spain and France). “HealthyWaters”, Ref. NORTE-01-0145-FEDER- The use of the QuEChERS extraction technique 000069, co-financed by Programa Operacional followed by GC-MS analysis was successful for the Regional do Norte (NORTE 2020), through analysis of VMSs in sands. Portugal 2020 and FEDER; (iii) ANID- VMSs were detected in all samples with FOVI210064 and CETAM-UTFSM; (iv) V. concentrations ranging from n.d. to 33 ± 7 ng/gdw Homem thanks national funds through FCT, under (D4) and predominance of the cyclic congeners. the Scientific Employment Stimulus - Individual The total levels of VMSs varied between 0.33 ± Call - CEECIND/00676/2017. 0.07 ng/gdw in a beach in Estonia and 115 ± 9 in a beach from the Canary Islands, Spain. In spatial References terms, the VMSs levels were higher in the Canary [1] F. Rocha, V. Homem, J. Castro-Jiménez, N. Ratola, Islands (Spain) and lower in the north European (2019). Science of the Total Environment, 650, 2364-2373. countries (Estonia, Finland, Sweden, and UK), [2] D. Capela, M. Vila, M. Llompart, T. Dagnac, C. García-Jares, A. Alves, V. Homem (2019) Marine likely reflecting a lower use of PCPs and other Pollution Bulletin, 140, 9-16. sources of VMSs. Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 18 ORAL (#1) Salinity and Flooding Mobilize Mercury from Polluted Soils and Sediments S. Tomat1, E. Pellegrini1, M. Horvat2, B. Piani, M. De Nobili1 M. Contin1,* (1) Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy, (2) Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia *marco.contin@uniud.it Mercury (Hg) contamination of soils is a drain by gravity and a rain event was simulated concerning issue worldwide because of its toxicity using freshwater. The leached solutions were and risk for human health. Source of contamination, collected separately and the Hg solubilised was chemical form and environmental conditions affect measured by ICP-MS spectrometry. its mobility and bioavailability [1]. As a Hg mobility increased with increasing salinity and consequence of climate change, contaminated flooding time. The effect of salt concentration was coastal soils, in particular, could potentially become more pronounced after longer flooding periods. hotspots of Hg re-mobilisation, because of flooding After 1 day of inundation, the amount of solubilised and salinization caused by the expected increase of Hg was very low and did not respond clearly to the sea level [2]. salinity. On the contrary, after 7 days, Hg levels in The aim of the present work was to assess changes the most concentrated solution (32.8 g L-1) reached in Hg solubility in soils and sediments, 0.9 and 9.3 µg L-1 in the solutions leached from the contaminated by different sources, after exposure to soil and the sediment, respectively. The mobility of increasing salinity and flooding. the contaminant increased substantially after 30 A soil contaminated with cinnabar-Hg from days, and was about 22 times larger in the soil (19.8 mining activity and a sediment heavily µg L-1) and 10 times larger in the sediment (89.8 µg contaminated with elemental Hg from a chlor-alkali L-1). plant were collected in North-East Italy. Mercury Our results point out to a potential risk of Hg re- speciation was performed either by Thermal mobilization from contaminated coastal soils and Desorption (TD) from 25 to 800 °C [3], or by a sediments as consequence of global sea level rise. Sequential Extraction Procedure (SEP) to quantify operationally defined binding forms (soluble, Acknowledgements exchangeable, bound to Mn or Fe oxides, bound to Regione FVG - Servizio disciplina gestione rifiuti e organic matter, non-cinnabar). Thermal desorption siti inquinati for financial support. showed the presence of two main forms of Hg: organic bound Hg (peak at low T) and HgS (peak at References high T). The HgS peak prevailed in the mine- [1] Li, H., Zheng, D., Zhang, X., Niu, Z., Ma, H., Zhang, contaminated soil, whereas the organic-bound-Hg S., Wu, C. (2020) Bulletin of Environmental peak prevailed in the chlor-alkali contaminated Contamination and Toxicology, 104(6), 778-785 [2] Mahzar, S., Pellegrini, E., Contin, M., Bravo, C., De sediment. This difference was confirmed by the SEP Nobili, M. (2022) Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10, speciation. A laboratory simulation of salinity and 909415. flooding effects on Hg mobilization was carried out [3] Han, F.X., Su, Y., Monts, D.L., Waggoner, C.a., in columns filled with 20 g of soil/sediment and 25 Plodinec, M.J. (2006) Science of the Total Environment, mL of solutions from 0 to 32.8 g L-1salt. Soils were 368, 753–768. kept submerged for 1, 7 and 30 days after the [4] Sedlar, M., Pavlin, M., Popovič, A., Horvat, M. (2014) flooding treatment, then saline waters were let to Open Chemistry, 13 (1), 404–419. Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 19 ORAL (#1) Geochemical Characterization of Different Areas of the Portuguese Continental Shelf for Potential Aquaculture C. Palma1,*, C. Gonçalves1, C. Rocha1, C. Borges1, P. Santos1, R. Silva1 (1) Instituto Hidrográfico, Rua das Trinas, 49, 1249-093 Lisboa, Portugal *carla.palma@hidrografico.p t SAMPLING EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE RESULTS SAMPLES CALIBRATORS Weighing 1 2 Extraction Dilutions Ria Aveiro Ria Form osa 3 Dilution Regression Quantification … The Strategic Plan for Portuguese Aquaculture from the estuarine areas 86 samples were collected (2014-2020) [1] aims to contribute to the with a Petit Ponar Grab sampler. The samples were development of sustainable aquaculture in freeze-dried, homogenised and reduced to a fine environmental and biodiversity terms. It is essential power in a mortar and pestle. Two different acid that the different aquaculture areas have an initial digestion were performed to estimate the total or characterisation in terms of oceanographic, physico- acid-extractable mass fraction of metals. The chemical, geochemical and biological conditions of elements were quantified in the sample solution by the Portuguese coastal zone and the AQUIMAR flame atomic absorption spectrometry using a project has emerged with the objective of carrying calibration curve obtained from external calibration. out this initial characterisation. The results obtained show that sediments with a This work presents metals concentrations, grain higher percentage of fines have higher size and organic carbon in sediments of five shelf concentrations of the metals analysed. There was no areas (A to E) and of four Portuguese inland waters textural and metal content differences between the (Ria de Aveiro, Ria Formosa, Mira River and campaigns carried out in the same locations. Mondego river) (Fig 1). The results of metals Comparing with the criteria defined in the OSPAR concentrations are expressed with uncertainty as a guide documents, there are some estuarine stations function of the composition heterogeneity of the most exposed to anthropogenic action and that studied area and the analytical uncertainty. should be evaluated in the context of being future Ria de Aveiro Rio Mira aquaculture sites [1, 3]. A B RA Acknowledgements MO This work was supported by the Operational C Rio Mondego Ria Formosa Program Mar2020 through project “AQUIMAR- D Caracterização geral de áreas aquícolas para MI estabelecimento de culturas marinhas” RF E (MAR2020 n° MAR-02.01.01-FEAMP-0107). Fig. 1 – Map of the five oceanic (A to B) and the four estuarine study areas: A - Viana do Castelo to References Porto; B - Aveiro to Figueira da Foz; C - Peniche; D [1] PEAP (2015). Plano Estratégico para a Aquicultura Portuguesa 2014-2020. Governo de Portugal, 96 pp. - Setúbal to Sines; E - Tavira to Sagres, RA – Ria de [2] OSPAR (2008). 2007/2008 CEMP Assessment - Aveiro; MO – Rio Mondego; MI – Rio Mira and RF Trends and concentrations of selected hazardous – Ria Formosa. substances in the marine environment. OSPAR Commission, 378/2008, 7-16. Sediment samples were collected in different [3] OSPAR (2014). Levels and trends in marine sampling campaigns and the sampling points were contaminants and their biological effects - CEMP the same. From the oceanic areas 465 samples were Assessment Report 2013. OSPAR Commission, 631/2014, collected using a Smith-McIntyre grab sampler and 20-21. Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 20 ORAL (#1) Bergamot Pastazzo as Suitable Platform for Cd2+ Removal and Sensing in Multicomponent Aqueous Solutions A. Irto*, G. Lando, C. De Stefano, P. Cardiano CHIBIOFARAM Department, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31 – 98166 Messina (Italy) *airto@unime.it In the last years, citrus waste was used as suitable performing kinetics and batch experiments, in platform for the design and development of which the metal concentration in solution was multifunctional nanomaterials (MNMs), able to determined by DP-ASV. The experimental data efficiently and selectively interact with organic were analysed by various isotherm models [7]. The (pesticides, dyes, drugs, POPs) and inorganic mentioned analytical technique is currently (metals, anions) contaminants in natural fluids, employed to investigate the metal desorption from employing sorption mechanisms [1, 2]. pastazzo, to check for the material stability and This contribution is focused on the preliminary reusability after Cd2+ recovery. results obtained using new biobased materials for The investigations on CQDs behaviour in aqueous Cd2+ sequestration from multicomponent solutions solutions and the assessment of their metal sorption simulating the experimental conditions of natural capacity, for possible applications as sensors for fluids (study scheme in figure). metal cations, are still ongoing by means of various A sample of bergamot pastazzo (peels, pulp, analytical techniques. seeds) from the Femminello and Fantastico cultivars, representative of the November 2021- References January 2022 harvest season variability, was [1] N. Mahato, K. Sharma, M. Sinha E. R. Baral, R. provided by the Capua 1880 company (Reggio Koteswararao, A. Dhyani, M. H. Cho, S., Cho (2020) J. Calabria, Italy). The supplied waste was Adv. Res. , 23. 61–82. [2] T. Chatzimitakos, A. Kasouni, L. Sygellou, A. mechanically ground and divided in two aliquots. Avgeropoulos, A. Troganis, C. Stalikas, Talanta, 175 A first fraction (P1, raw pastazzo) was dried at t = (2017) 305–312. 60°C for 72 hours and pre-treated with various [3] U. Suryavanshi, S.R. Shukla (2010) Ind. Eng. Chem. chemicals, such as NaOH, HNO3, H2O2, H2O, 2- Res. 49, 11682–11688. propanol at different temperatures, to check for a [4] S. Schiewer, S.B. Patil (2008) Bioresour. Technol. , 99. possible enhancement of the pastazzo metal 1896–1903. sorption capacity [3-5]. A second aliquot (P2) was [5] M. Russo, A. Arigò, M.L. Calabrò, S. Farnetti, L. lyophilized, thermally pre-treated in an autoclave at Mondello, P. Dugo (2016) J. Funct. Foods, 20, 10–19. [6] Z. Wang, Y. Xie, Z. Lei, Y. Lu, G. Wei, S. Liu, C. Xu, t = 180°C for 6 hours and purified in dialysis bags, Z. Zhang, X. Wang, L. Rao, J. Chen (2019) Anal. Chem. , to obtain carbon quantum dots (CQDs) [6]. 91, 15, 9690-9697. P1 and P2 fractions were characterized by FT-IR [7] S. Schiewer, S. B. Pati (2008) J. Hazard. Mat., 157, 8– ATR spectroscopy to evaluate surface functional 17. groups. Potentiometric experiments were carried out at t = 25°C, I = 0.10 mol L-1 in NaNO3(aq) to investigate their acid-base properties and complexing ability towards Cd2+ . The P1 pre-treated samples sorption capacity was studied by Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 21 POSTER (#1) Anions Determination as an Important Property of Soil in Urban Forests: Case Study Avala Mountain, Serbia T. Tosti1,*, S. Štrbac2, S. Blagojević3 N. Antić2, V. Rončević4, E. Vukićević1, M. Kašanin-Grubin2 (1) Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia (2) Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade, Serbia; (3) Institute of General and Physical Chemistry Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, (4) Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, Serbia *tosti@chem.bg.ac.rs Figure 1: Soil sampling site on Avala mountain Climate-Smart Forestry in mountain regions is an profiles from depth 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, >20 cm approach that can help to emphasize influence of were collected from Avala mountain forests climate changes on the forest ecosystems, as well as (Fig. 1). Dionex ICS 3000 was used for anion the ecosystems services. Due to those changes the analysis. Concentrations of sulphate and nitrate environment becomes more hostile and many of the anions are increasing with depth of the soils, and animals and plants are brought into jeopardy of phosphate, carbonate and organic carbon exhibits distinguishing. Directly and indirectly climate the highest concentration near the surface. Such changes affect the growth and productivity of behaviour could be explained by the anion leaching forests through changes in soil properties, plants and decomposing of trees. Climate change leads to activity. The effects of climate change on soils are leaching of basic anions which leaves the soils more expected mainly through alteration in soil properties compact and this can be even more severe in soils and increasing amount of inorganic and organic containing high concentrations of sulphates [2]. The carbon levels [1]. These changes influence complex database of the major anion concentrations can be forest ecosystems changing organic and nitrogen used for building appropriate model for assessing cycles, nutrient and water retention, filter functions and predicting the effects of the climate changes on and erosion control. forest ecosystems. The outcomes of this study will In this study, the most abundant anions of the be used to prevent and protect further deterioration forest soils of the mountain Avala were investigated of the forests of the Avala mountain regions. due to their specific roles in forests ecosystems. Carbonate and sulphate play important role in soil Acknowledgements structure, water holding capacity and soil density, The study was supported by the Ministry of phosphate and organic carbon can be regarded as Education, Science and Technological markers of decomposition of various trees part Development, Republic of Serbia (Grant No. 451- especially leaves. The mobility of phosphate is 03-9/ 2022-14/200026; 451-03-9/2022-14/ mostly affected by adsorption and usability, 2001684 and 451-03-68/2022-14/20005) for whereas mobility of nitrate is regulated almost financial support. solely by biological processes. The chloride is relatively uninvolved in either biological or References inorganic chemical reactions. [1] N. Pareek (2017) MOJ Eco Environ Science, 3, 136- The framework of this study is to develop 139. adequate database of forest ecosystems, and [2] Z. Rengel, in Part of the Soil Biology book series (SOILBIOL, volume 29). Springer, 2011, 69-85. investigated how they are affected by changes in environment. For that purpose, 9 soil samples Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 22 POSTER (#1) Determination of Pollution Status of Urban Forest Obrenovacki Zabran (Serbia) – Part B: Microelement Concentration in Soil and Sediments M. Kašanin-Grubin1,*, T. Tosti2, S. Stojadinović1, N. Antić1, N. Mijatović3, N. Živanović4, S. Štrbac1 (1) Institute of Chemistry, Technology, and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoseva 12, Belgrade, Serbia, (2) Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia, (3) Institute for testing of materials, Bulevar vojvode Mišića 43, Belgrade, Serbia (4) Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, Belgrade, Serbia *milica.kasanin@ihtm.bg.ac.rs Figure 1. Map of the Obrenovac Zabran, Serbia Figure 2. Multivariate analysis of the microelement content in Obrenovac Zabran sediments Floodplains and river-marginal wetlands are vital and in 7 forest/wetland soils. Concentrations of landscapes to human society because they provide minor elements were determined using the ecosystem services such as climate regulation, Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). All solutions nutrient cycling, retention of flood waters, were prepared using analytical grade reagents and infiltration and stabilization of groundwater levels, deionized water with resistivity 18.2 MΩcm−1 and recreational activities. When pollutants reach obtained from a Milli-Q system. the environment, the effects on the ecosystems and The concentration of microelements for both their services will depend on a range of factors, such locations is decreasing in the following order: as persistence, mobility and the bioavailability of Zn>Cr>Ni>Pb>Cu>As>Co>Cd. However, there is pollutants in the ecosystem. Previous studies difference in concentrations between the two indicate that chromium, cadmium, copper, lead, and locations. The Sava River sediments have higher zinc widely exist in sediments impacted by contents of microelements Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Co, Cr industrial sources [1]. These heavy metals pose a indicating larger anthropogenic pressure (Fig. 2). potential threat to the ecosystems and human health Wetland sediments, which are recharged by the due to their toxicity, persistence and Kolubara River do not have significant bioaccumulation [2]. Therefore, understanding of microelement content. Furthermore, similar the fate and risk of heavy metals in sediments is of contents of Ni in both areas, as well as multivariate crucial importance. Assessment of the pollution analyses results indicate that this element has status of the urban wetland area includes geogenic origin. determination of the content of potentially harmful microelements in river sediments. Acknowledgements The aim of this research is to assess pollution The authors would like to thank the Ministry of status and origin of heavy metals in soils and Education, Science and Technological sediments of the Obrenovacki Zabran (OZ), Serbia. Development of the Republic of Serbia for financial The OZ forest and wetland is exposed to the support (Grant No: 451-03-68/2022-14/200026). urbanization pressure and pollutants transported by the Sava and Kolubara Rivers (Fig. 1). The OZ References covers 47.77 ha, of which 41.82 ha is under forest [1] Sundaray SK, Nayak BB, Lin S, Bhatta D (2011) vegetation and in the central part of the park there is Indian Journal of Hazardous Material, 186,1837–1846. a wetland with groundwater discharge from the [2] Luo XS, Yu S, Zhu YG, Li XD (2012) Science of the Total Environment, 421,17–30. Kolubara River. In this study content of microelements was assessed in 5 Sava riverbank Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 23 POSTER (#1) Trace Elements Levels in Urban Soil Samples from Central Poland M.I. Szynkowska-Jóźwik*, D. Kryszczak, I. Gabrych, A. Pawlaczyk, E. Maćkiewicz, P. Wysocki, M. Gajek, J.Albińska (1) Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 114, 90-543 Lodz *malgorzata.szynkowska@p.lodz.pl Soil is recognised as the foundation of an ecosystem were treated with a mixture of 4.5 ml HNO3 (Baker) functioning in urban green spaces and provides key and 1.5 ml HCl (Merck). After the sample ecosystem services for a liveable city. Soils can also decomposition in a closed microwave energy play a vital role in the quality of the urban system UltraWave (Milestone) samples were environment and the health of its residents. Urban transferred into 50 mL flasks. All the samples were soils seem to be highly specific since they are filtered using vacuum pump system. The levels of treated as a mixture of natural soil-forming factors selected elements (such as Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Ni, Mn, and anthropogenic activities [1]. Soils within the Cu, P, S, Pb, Cd, etc.) were quantitatively urban territories include among others: (i) soils determined using spectroscopic techniques. The consisting of a mixture of materials of different obtained results were compared with the values origins, with inorganic or organic compositions, and given in the literature and indicated in national and from agricultural or forest areas, which are largely international standards. The distribution of data was transformed by human intervention, (ii) soils in tested with the Shapiro–Wilk’s test (p < 0.05). Due parks and green gardens that offer different the fact that hypothesis regarding normal compositions, uses, and management of agricultural distribution of the data was not fulfilled, the non- land; and (iii) soils or mixtures resulting from parametric statistics was employed. As a various construction or metallurgical activities consequence, the non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis within cities [1,2]. City soils and street dusts test was applied to determine the differences among accumulate various contaminants like toxic elements from a variety of anthropogenic sources studied groups of sampled. The degree of [1-3]. These human activities involve transport correlation between the levels of analysed elements sources (e.g. motor exhausts, brake pads, tire wear), was assessed with Spearman correlation matrix. commercial and industrial emissions (energy Moreover, the PCA analysis was employed in order production, metallurgical industry, chemical plant, to identify parameters responsible for sample fuel combustion, incinerators, etc.), domestic grouping and to reduce the number of variables. The activities (waste disposal, wastewater), and applied multivariate analysis turned out to be agricultural operations (fertilizers, pesticides). Emission of harmful substances, including toxic helpful in identification of the relationships among elements has become a worldwide environmental levels of studied elements and allowed the concern in urban areas since the industrialization observation of clusters formation based on specific and urbanization have been developed rapidly [3]. parameters e.g. depending on the distance from the Undoubtedly, direct characterization of soils in high traffic roads or the type of soil. reference to toxic elements contamination can be potentially used as an effective scientific tool to Acknowledgments diagnose the sources of contamination. Therefore, Agreement No.67 / OPP / 2022 on cooperation in the verified indicators for soil quality assessment the creation of a database and monitoring the level seems to be required in order to fully understand the of heavy metals and platinum group metals in soils spatial heterogeneity of soils collected from urban located in the vicinity of the main roads of the Łódź areas [1-3]. Voivodeship. The aim of this study was to quantify and assess the variability of various elements in urban soils using References a systematic sampling strategy and a common [1] R. O'Riordan, J. Davies, C. Stevens, J.N Quinton, C. methodology. In this work at least 70 sampling Boyko (2021) Geoderma, 395, 1-12. points within the city of Lodz and its region near the [2] S. Modabberi, M. Tashakor, N. Sharifi Soltani (2018) high traffic roads, located in the central Poland were Environ Monit Assess, 190:715, 1-18. [3] Q. Mao, G. Huang, A. Buyantuev, J. Wu, S. Luo, K. studied. Soil samples preparation prior quantitative Ma (2014) Ecol Process 3, 23, 1-19. analysis by ICP-OES and AAS techniques included drying of soil materials, sieving and grinding in a porcelain mortar. Weighed samples (approx.0.3 g) Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 24 POSTER (#1) Saturated Hydrocarbons Proxies as a Tool for Differentiation Between Anthropogenic and Natural Organic Matter Inputs to the Surface Soils of the Sava River Alluvium T. Šolević Knudsen1,*, M. Ilić1, G. Dević1, S. Bulatović1, N. Marić2, J. Avdalović1, J. Milić1 (1) University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Chemistry, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia, (2) University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia *tsolevic@chem.bg.ac.rs The largest heating plant in Belgrade (the capital matter sources such as: aquatic macrophytes, algal, of Serbia), is located in the residential area New bacterial and terrestrial plant sources, and bacterial Belgrade, close to the Sava River (Figure 1). Due to reworking. Furthermore, presence of the petroleum- the potential risk of contamination, this site has been sourced hydrocarbons was confirmed as well a subject of a detailed environmental monitoring for indicating a contribution of the anthropogenic several years. The aim of our present study was to sources of hydrocarbons to the organic matter of the investigate the source of the organic matter input to investigated samples. the surface soils of the Sava River Alluvium at this All these results point to the complex processes of location. migration and mixing of the organic matter in the The surface soil samples were collected at 20 surface soils at the investigated location. micro locations from this locality. From these Considering the fact that the presence of the oil samples the organic matter was extracted with pollutants was confirmed in the samples analysed, dichloromethane using a Soxhlet apparatus. further research is needed to reveal the Saturated hydrocarbons were isolated from the environmental pollutions status of the environment extracts using a column chromatography. For that at this locality. purpose, silica gel and aluminium oxide were used as adsorbents. Saturated hydrocarbons were eluted Acknowledgements by hexane and analysed by gas chromatography - The authors would like to thank the Ministry of mass spectrometry. n-Alkanes were identified using Education, Science and Technological mass ion m/ z 71, hopanes using mass ion m/ z 191 Development of Republic of Serbia (Grant No: 451- and steranes using mass ion m/ z 217. 03-68/2021-14/200026) for financial support. Saturated hydrocarbons proxies used in this research were: short to long hydrocarbon chains References ratio, average weighted carbon chain lengths for [1] M. Kumar, T. Boski, F.J. González-Vila, N.T. long n-alkanes (for C Jiménez-Morillo, J.A. González-Pérez (2020) Estuarine, 24–33 range) [1], the terrestrial- to-aquatic ratio [2], the carbon preference index for Coastal and Shelf Science, 197, 104076. [2] R.A. Bourbonniere, P.A. Meyers (1996 ) Limnology the entire alkane range [3] the P aq proxy [4] and the and Oceanography, 41, 352–359. unresolved complex mixture [5]. [3] E.E. Bray, E.D. Evans (1961) Geochimica et Distribution of hopanes and steranes in the Cosmochimica Acta, 22, 2–15. samples was analysed to confirm the presence of [4] K.J. Ficken, B. Li, D.L. Swain, G. Eglinton (2000) petroleum-derived residues. Organic Geochemistry, 31, 745–749. The results indicated that the organic matter in the [5] M.A. Gough, S.J. Rowland (1990) Nature, 344, 648– samples analysed was contributed from the multiple 650. natural allochthonous and autochthonous organic Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 25 POSTER (#1) Organic Compounds in Surface Sediments of Different Estuaries and Continental Shelf Areas of Portugal for Potential Aquaculture C. Palma1,*, C. Rocha1, P. Santos1, C. Borges1, C. Gonçalves1, R. Silva1 (1) Instituto Hidrográfico, Rua das Trinas, 49, 1249-093 Lisboa, Portugal *carla.palma@hidrografico.p t SAMPLING EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE RESULTS Pressurized Adsortion HCB ∑HCHs ∑Drinas ∑DDTs Σ7 PCBs ΣDDTs p,p'-DDT/(p,p'-DDE+p,p'-DDD) 6 3,5 2 Solvent Extraction + Chromatography 5,5 Ocean Estuaries Ocean Estuaries 1,8 ) 3,0 5 1- 1,6 4,5 g R A 2,5 1,4 ) at 1 4 (ng - g i 3,5 1,2 2,0 o on DDTs ng 3 i 1 ( at s 2,5 r 1,5 ERL C 0,8 nt (%) B Ria de Aveiro O 2  1,0 0,6 1,5 once 0,4 1 C 0,5 Mondego river 0,5 0,2 0 0,0 0 2 3 1 3 1 0 9 3 4 5 8 1 4 5 0 1 6 0 3 7 5 8 6 9 4 6 7 8 1 2 2 5 7 0 9 2 2 3 4 1 3 5 8 1 4 5 0 1 6 0 3 7 5 8 9 2 4 A 6 A 7 8 A 1 2 2 5 7 0 9 0 1 5 7 0 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 A A A 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 4 0 1 0 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 8 A A 4 A 6 A A 9 1 1 0 0I 0I 3 2 0 00 40 40 0 0 0 00 00 00 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 A 4 A 6 A A 9 1 1 3 2 3 A A I I F F F 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R R A R A R R A A A O F F A A A A B B B R R R R D D D D E E E E E E E E E E E E E A A A O E E E E E E E E E E E E R R R R R R R R R R A A A A A D D R R R R R M M M M M M C N Acy Ace F Phe A Fluo P BaA Chr&Tph B(b+k)F BaP GC-ECD + GC-MSD 0,8 1200 Ocean ○ Ria de Aveiro Estuaries Petro PC BC ○ Area D 1000 BC D ○ Area E Mira river )g 0,6 ○ Ria Formosa 800 /k P)i g( gh s 600 PC - Petroleum combustion H +B Ria Formosa AP BC - Biomassa combustion  0,4 400 PC CC - Coal combustion E nd/(Ind 200 I Petro - Petrogenic Pyr - Pyrogenic 0 0,2 2 1 3 4 9 5 0 1 6 0 3 5 6 9 9 0 9 0 2 3 5 2 4 a 6 7 8 9 1 2 0 0 1 2 2 2 3 3 5 7 8 9 1 0 0 4 A 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 0 40 00 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2F 3F 3F I I A A 1 1 A A 6 A A A A A A A R R R R R R D D E E E E E E E E E E E E R R R M M R AR R R Fluo/(Fluo+P) The Strategic Plan for Portuguese Aquaculture PAHs is pyrogenic related to fuel and biomass (2014-2020) [1] aims to contribute to the combustion but perylene is mostly biogenic. The development of sustainable aquaculture in hexa-PCBs (PCB153 and PCB138), the environmental and biodiversity terms. The organochlorine pesticides DDTs and the PAHs AQUIMAR project has emerged with the objective fluoranthene, pyrene and benzo(b+k)fluoranthenes of carrying out the initial characterisation of the are predominant in the samples of this study. The Portuguese coastal zone in terms of oceanographic, seven indicator PCBs congeners and the PAHs were physico-chemical, geochemical and biological relatively low when compared with sediment conditions. SQGs, namely the Effects Range Low (ERL). This work presents the distribution of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polycyclic Acknowledgements aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated This work was supported by the Operational biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides Program Mar2020 through project “AQUIMAR- (OCPs), grain size, total organic carbon and organic Caracterização geral de áreas aquícolas para matter in sediments of five shelf areas (A to E) and estabelecimento de culturas marinhas” of four Portuguese inland waters: Ria de Aveiro, Ria (MAR2020 n° MAR-02.01.01-FEAMP-0107). Formosa, Mira river and Mondego river. The results of POPs are compared with sediment quality References guidelines (SQGs) to understand the biological risks [1] PEAP (2015). Plano Estratégico para a Aquicultura [2, 3]. The main origin of some POPs was also Portuguesa 2014-2020. Governo de Portugal, 96 pp. assessed [2, 4]. [2] N.V. Hidayati, L. Asia, I. Khabouchi (2021) Chemosphere, 263, 128372. Sediment samples were collected in different [3] G. Hu, X. Luo, J. Dai, J. Guo, S. Chen, C. Hong, B. sampling campaigns. Thirty-three samples were Mai, M. Xu (2010) Organochlorine compounds and collected on the oceanic areas using a Smith- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediment McIntyre grab sampler and on the estuarine areas 24 from Baiyangdian Lake, North Chine: concentrations, samples were collected with a Petit Ponar grab sources profiles and potential risk. sampler. The samples were freeze-dried, [4] E. Stogiannidis, R. Laane (2015). Source homogenised and reduced to a fine power in a Characterization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by mortar and pestle. The PAHs and the PCBs and Using Their Molecular Indices: An Overview of Possibilities. (D. M. Whitacre, Ed.) Reviews of OCPs were analysed by gas chromatography environmental contamination and toxicology, 234, 49- coupled to a mass spectrometry and to a electron 133. capture detector, respectively, after extraction by pressurized liquid extraction and purification of the extracts by adsorption chromatography using silica gel and aluminium oxide. The results obtained show that the main origin of Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 26 POSTER (#1) Occurrence of Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds in Sediments of the Nerbioi-ibaizabal Estuary: Spatial and Geographical Distribution and Ecological Risk Assessment U. Uribe1, *, P. Irizar1, D. Bilbao1, 2, L. Mijangos1, 2, A. de Diego, 1, 2 (1) Depart. of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.K. 48080 Bilbao, Spain., (2) Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology & Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.K. 48620 Plentzia, Spain *uxue.uribe@ehu.eus Sediments constitute a tool to evaluate the quality were identified by suspect analysis: Dicyclohexyl of aquatic systems, giving an idea of the degree of phthalate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate, contamination accumulated over time at a given 2,6-diisopropylnaphthalene, thymol, bornyl acetate point, and the potential of the sediment as a source and tris(1- chloro-2-propyl) phosphate. of future contamination [1]. In this sense, the present study investigates the presence and toxicity Regarding the ecological risk assessment, the of 56 relevant semi-volatile organic compounds, concentrations of PAHs, PCBs and lindane in belonging to PAHs, PCBs, pesticides, musks and sediments were compared with Sediments Quality UV filters families, in sediments collected from Guidelines (SQG). For PAHs the concentrations 2005-2013 and 2020. The distribution of the found were, in general, below the ERM values, contaminants was investigated in the intertidal area while for PCBs and lindane were well above the (7 stations) of the Nerbioi Ibaizabal estuary, in ERM and PEL values, respectively. Finally, Risk which a wastewater treatment plant is located. In Quotient (RQ) were also computed to estimate the addition to the targeted analysis carried out by gas possible threat posed by the non-regulated targeted chromatography coupled to a quadrupole mass compounds. The highest RQ values (»1) were spectrometer (GC-MS), a suspect analysis was also obtained for lindane, celestolide and tonalide. performed using a GC-MS- TOF with an in-house library of 239 compounds [2]. Acknowledgements This work has been financially supported by the Up to 49 analytes were found in the sediments. The Spanish Government through the research project concentrations measured ranged from few ng/g d.w. "PLASTeMER" (Ref. PID2020-118685RB-I00) up to 62949 ng/g d.w. for ΣPAHs, 2503 ng/g d.w. and by the Basque Government through the project for ΣPCBs, 817 ng/g d.w. for ΣHCH, 695 ng/g d.w. "IBeA, Consolidated Research Group 2019–2021" for Σmusks and 166 ng/g d.w. for ΣUV filters. (Ref. IT1213-19). P. Irizar gratefully acknowledges Organochlorine pesticides, and specifically lindane, his pre-doctoral grant from the MINECO (PRE- were detected in all sampling campaigns, 2018-085888), and U. Uribe is grateful to the suggesting that these compounds, even if they have University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) for been banned, are still being used for agricultural her pre-doctoral fellowship. purposes and/or that they leach from illegal landfill sites. The concentrations of PAHs and PCBs References showed a decreasing trend from 2009 to 2011, and [1] O. Solaun, M.J. Belzunce, J. Franco, V. Valencia y Á. after 2009, respectively. Borja (2009) Revista de Investigación Marina. 10-47. [2] V. Castro, J. B. Quintana, J. López-Vázquez, N. Carro, J. Cobas, D. Bilbao, R. Cela, R. Rodil (2022) Analytical In addition to the targeted analysis, 6 additional and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 414(21), 6327–6340. compounds (2 phthalates, a pesticide, two food additives and an organophosphate flame retardant) Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 27 POSTER (#1) Occurrence, Distribution Pattern and Origin of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the River Marina Sediments of the Kovin Dunavac (Kovin, Serbia) K. Antić1,*, I. Kojić2, T. Šolević Knudsen1 (1) University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Chemistry, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia, (2) University of Belgrade, Innovation Center of the Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia * katarina.antic@ihtm.bg.ac.rs Kovin is a small city in Serbia, located on the perdeuterated PAHs as internal standards, and their banks of the Danube River, 50 km east from concentrations were expressed in mg kg-1 of a dry Belgrade. The Danube passes through the sediment. Using these quantified values, numerous municipality of Kovin in a length of 46 kilometres, PAHs diagnostic ratios were calculated. creating beautiful meanders, river islands and The results showed that the total PAHs were backwaters. An arm of the Danube, Dunavac is a present in a concentration of 2.6 mg kg-1 of a dry 1800 m long natural shelter for smaller river crafts. sediment. Although this concentration was higher This marina has a capacity to accommodate 100 than the threshold value for sediments, this result, smaller nautical vehicles. Considering the fact that however, did not indicate a significant pollution of many boats in this marina are using diesel engines, the investigated sediment with PAHs [1]. pollution of this small water body with petroleum The PAH profile of the investigated soil sample pollutants is a real threat. was dominated by 3-, and 4-ring PAHs. The aim of this study was analysis of the Additionally, parent compounds were more occurrence, abundance, distribution and origin of abundant that their alkylated homologues. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Numerous PAHs diagnostic ratio revealed that sediments of the Kovin Dunavac. these compounds in the sample investigated A composite sediment sample from the Kovin originated from multiple sources. According to Dunavac was extracted in a Soxhlet apparatus with these results, it was concluded that the dominant dichloromethane as a solvent. The extract was pollution sources of the sediment in the Kovin cleaned up and fractionated using column Dunavac were petrogenic (diesel vehicular source) chromatography. In the fraction of aromatic and pyrogenic (grass, wood, and coal combustion). hydrocarbons, PAHs were analysed by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in a Acknowledgements selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The ions The authors would like to thank the Ministry of monitored were: m/ z = 128 (naphthalene), m/ z = 152 Education, Science and Technological (acenaphthylene), m/ z = 154 (acenaphthene), m/ z = Development of Republic of Serbia (Grant No: 451- 166 (fluorene), m/ z = 178 (phenanthrene and 03-68/2022-14/200026 and 451-03-68/2022- anthracene), m/ z = 202 (fluoranthene and pyrene), 14/200168) for financial support. m/ z = 228 (benzo[a]anthracene and chrysene), m/ z = 234 (retene), m/ z = 252 (benzo[b]fluoranthene, References benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[j]fluoranthene, [1] RS Official Gazette (2010). The regulation on the benzo[e]pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene), m/ z = 192 program for the systematic monitoring of soil quality, soil (methylphenanthrenes and methyl anthracene); and degradation risk assessment indicators and methodology for the development of remediation programs (No. m/ z = 184 (dibenzotiophene). 88/2010) (in Serbian). The PAHs were quantified against four Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 28 POSTER (#1) Monitoring of Pesticides in Soil from South Banat District in Serbia and Timis County in Romania M. Zaric1,2, *, F. Crista3, I. Radulov3, I. Hotea3, N. Zaric4 (1) Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoseva 12, Belgrade, Serbia, (2) Centre of Excellence in Environmental Chemistry and Engineering – ICTM, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (3) University of Life Sciences "King Michael I" from Timișoara, Calea Aradului 119, Timișoara, Romania, (4) University of Belgrade – Faculty of Biology, Studentski trg 12, Belgrade, Serbia *milana.zaric@ihtm.bg.ac.rs Growing population has led to larger demand for centrifuge tube that contained 150 mg PSA + 150 global food production. In turn this has led to the mg C18 + 900 mg MgSO4. The samples were again development of novel agricultural techniques to shaken and centrifuged for 5 minutes at 5000 rpm. improve yield. In addition, new compounds were An aliquot of 1 mL was transferred to an amber developed to protect corps from pests. These HPLC vial and evaporated to dryness. Before the compounds are known as pesticides. They are analysis it was reconstituted with 1 mL of methanol. widely used in agriculture to protect crops and to The analysis was performed on a TSQ Quantis™ improve their yield. However, in addition to their Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer. positive effects they can also negatively reflect on Quantification was obtained by comparing it to a the environment as well as on animal and human standard six-point calibration curve. We have health. This is the reason why they should be closely screened all the samples for 250 most commonly monitored in the environment. used pesticides. In this work we have monitored pesticides in soil Most of the 250 pesticides were not detected in samples collected in the agricultural areas of South our soil samples. Around 20 pesticides were Banat district in Serbia and Timis county in detected in almost each soil sample. They were Romania. Both of those regains have very fertile divided amongst different groups, including soil and are well known for food production. herbicides, insecticides and fungicides. The most Soil samples were gathered four times per year, detected in soil samples were insecticides. It could once for each season. In each country samples were be that they are the most frequently used pesticides taken from 50 locations, adding up to 100 locations and this is the reason for their most dominant in total. The samples were taken from the topsoil presence. level, 20 – 40 cm depth and 40 – 60 cm depth. The samples were prepared using a QuEChERS Acknowledgements approach. In shorth 10 g of homogenized soil This work was made possible through Interreg IPA sample was added to a 50 mL tubes. 10 mL of water CBC Romania – Serbia Programme, project RORS was added to increase the sample moisture. – 279 “Cross-border network for education and Afterword 10 mL of acetonitrile as added as an research of natural resources”. extraction solvent and the sample was shaken for 1 minute. Following this, 4 g Anhydrous MgSO₄, 1 g Trisodium Citrate, 0,5 g Disodium Citrate and 1 g NaCl were added to the tube and it was shaken as quick as possible. The samples were centrifuged for 5 minutes at 5000 rpm. Then, a clean-up dispersive solid phase extraction step was carried out by adding 10 mL of the supernatant to a 15-mL Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 29 POSTER (#1) Leaching of Insecticides in Soil Amended with Microalgal biomass: the Effect of Microplastics in the Soil U. Šunta1,*, G. Veselinović2, T. Griessler Bulc1,3, M. Bavcon Kralj1 (1) Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, Ljubljana, Slovenia, (2) Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade, Serbia, (3) Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Jamova cesta 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia *urska.sunta@zf.uni-lj.si Fertilizers as well as plant protection products The results showed that in the simulated year, (PPPs) play an important role in agriculture, as they ACE leached the most (454.0 ± 137.4 μg), followed ensure the production of a sufficient amount of by FLU (162.6 ± 30.5 μg) and CAP quality food. The sources of crucial nutrients in (123.1 ± 9.7 μg). The highest degree of leaching for fertilisers, nitrogen and phosphorus, are finite. all three pesticides occurred in the second cycle, i.e., Closing of the nutrient loops is thus needed to in summer conditions. The leaching of pesticides preserve them in the environment. A way to recycle from soil was more influenced by the presence of nutrients is to use the microalgal biomass produced MPs than the amendment of microalgal biomass. in the process of wastewater treatment with Since the leaching of pesticides heavily depends microalgae. Microalgae as soil amendment were on the yearly precipitations, further leaching studies found to have beneficial effects on soil properties, of pesticides from the soil, where complex plant growth, and fruit production [1]. Higher crop interactions are involved with longer exposure time yields are also ensured with the application of PPPs. in a real environment would be of interest. However, their residues can end up on the soil, where sorption to other particles, transport to the Acknowledgements deeper soil layers till groundwater reservoirs, and The authors would like to thank dr. Rok Mihelič accumulation in the soil can occur [2]. Another from Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, widespread pollutant originating mainly from for contributing the microalgal biomass and mulching, application of fertiliser, and wind acknowledge the support of the Slovenian Research deposition in the soil are microplastics (MPs). Their Agency (ARRS) - research core funding P3-0388, presence affects the physicochemical properties of the postgraduate research funding programme soil, the sorption of pollutants, and alters plant (1000-22-0510), project ALGreen (J2-4427) and growth through changes in the soil microbiota [3]. the CEEPUS Network SI-0905-08-2122. Understanding the complex interaction between soil, microalgae, pesticides, and MPs is crucial for References the future of the soil system. This study focused on [1] J.F. Lorentz, M.L. Calijuri, P.P. Assemany, W. Sousa the leaching of three model pesticides (acetamiprid Alves, O. Gomes Pereira (2020) Journal of Cleaner (ACE), chlorantraniliprole (CAP) and Production, 276, 124130. [2] D. Pietrzak, J. Kania, E. Kmiecik, G. Malina, K. Wator flubendiamide (FLU)) from soil amended with (2020) Chemosphere, 255, 126981. microalgal biomass in the presence of MPs, exposed [3] S. Yadaw, E. Gupta, A. Patel, S. Srivastava, V.K. to the simulation of precipitation and temperature Mishra, P.C. Singh, P.K. Srivastava, S.K. Barik (2022) conditions within a year - four seasons. After each Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, simulated season, leachates were collected, the 21, 771-798. volume of the leachate, pH and electroconductivity were measured, and the amount of each leached pesticide was determined by HPLC. Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 30 POSTER (#1) Ultrasound and Mixing Assisted Sediment Washing with Selected Reagents – a Comparison Study J. Imperl1,*, M. Kolar1, A. Robba1, M. Božič2, B. Gregorc2 (1) Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, (2) Dravske elektrarne Maribor, d. o. o., Obrežna ulica 170, SI-2000, Maribor, Slovenia *Jernej.Imperl@fkkt.uni-lj.si Accretion of sediments poses a problem in river was at approximately same value or sometimes management, especially in accumulation lakes, and higher using the ultrasound bath for only 1 h (from therefore justifies the removal of sediment from the figure: removal of Zn with malic acid washing with riverbed or lakebed. Disposal and reuse of dredged mixing for 6 h – 49 % – and with ultrasound for 1 h sediment is hindered if the sediment is contaminated – 52 %). While extractions with citric and malic acid by high levels of heavy metals. Sediment washing were more efficient at higher washing times, is one of the possible techniques for removal of extractions with EDTA were found to be almost heavy metals from polluted sediments and/or soils independent of the washing time for mixing and [1]. ultrasound. Our research focused on two samples of In both cases (mixing and ultrasound), with all sediment (old and newly dredged) from Lake Ptuj, three reagents (EDTA, citric and malic acid), and an accumulation lake on the Drava River [2]. This for all three heavy metals (Zn, Pb, and Cd) two-time sediment contains elevated levels of zinc (Zn), lead sequential extractions were more efficient – the (Pb), and cadmium (Cd). Total metal contents of second washing was able to remove extra amounts these metals were determined by leaching the of the heavy metals. For example, two-time sediment with a boiling solution of nitric(V) acid sequential washing with citric acid using mixing (1+1) and were found to be ~1100 ppm for Zn, ~400 was able to remove 5 percent points (pp) more of ppm for Pb, and ~8 ppm for Cd. Three reagents were Zn, 15 pp more of Pb, and 20 pp more of Cd. used for the sediment washing procedure – EDTA, citric and malic acid – all under already optimized Acknowledgements conditions. Mixing with an orbital shaker and an The authors acknowledge the support of the ultrasound bath at different lengths of time were Slovenian Research Agency (ARRS); project grant used for assisting the sediment washing [3,4]. A L7-2629: ˝Evaluation and remediation of sediments two-time sequential washing of the sediment was for further use in the building sector also tested at the established optimum washing time (READY4USE)˝. with both mixing and ultrasound. Concentrations of the heavy metals in the leachate were determined References using ICP-OES. [1] L. Di Palma, R. Mecozzi (2007) Journal of Hazardous Under both conditions (mixing and ultrasound) Materials, 147, 768-775 all reagents were able to extract large amounts of [2] V. Ducman, K. F. Bizjak, B. Likar, M. Kolar, A. Robba, J. Imperl, M. Božič, B. Gregorc (2022) Materials, Zn, Pb, and Cd with around 60 % Zn, 40 % of Pb, 15, 4303-4321 and 70 % of Cd removed as a percentage of total [3] J. Choi, D. Lee, Y. Son (2021) Ultrasonics heavy metal content. Sediment washing using the Sonochemistry, 74, 105574 ultrasound bath proved to be more time efficient [4] S. Chen, X. Fei, C. Zhang, Y. Chen, Q. Ge (2021) than mixing. The extraction efficiency which was Journal of Soils and Sediments, 21, 3825-3833 achieved in 6 h for mixing with the orbital shaker Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 31 POSTER (#1) The Assessment of Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Pollution of the Vrbas River Sediments S. Pržulj1, G. Veselinović2,*, S. Stojadinović2, M. Kašanin-Grubin2, S. Štrbac2, M. Balaban1, B. Jovančićević3 (1) University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Mladena Stojanovića 2, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina, (2) Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade, Serbia (3) Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia *gorica.veselinovic@ih tm.bg.ac.rs PAHs are a group of ubiquitous persistent organic benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[j]fluoranthene, pollutants that cause sever global environmental benzo[e]pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene), m/z = 276 concerns for ecosystems and human health due to (indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene and their potential toxicity and carcinogenicity. PAHs benzo[g,h,i]perylene), and m/z = 278 are a group of organic pollutants strongly related to (dibenzo[a,h]anthracene) [2]. Thereafter numerous anthropogenic activities such as settlement, PAH diagnostic ratios were calculated and transport, and industrial development. Due to their analysed. lipophilicity and persistence, PAHs are readily High molecular weight polycyclic aromatic adsorbed in the particulate matter once they enter hydrocarbons (4, 5 or 6 rings) are more prevalent in the urban river system and are finally deposited in the observed samples. The analysis of different the sediment. [1] PAH diagnostic ratios indicate the pyrogenic PAHs The aim of this work was to evaluate the origin. In most samples, according to calculated distribution of PAHs in the sediments of Vrbas parameters, these are combustion products of coal, River, to assess their occurrence and to establish the grass, and wood, while in some samples these origin (pyrogenic/petrogenic) of pollution parameters implicate the fuel combustion origin of sources.This study focussed on investigation on the PAHs. No regularity was observed in the state of pollution and identification of potential distribution of PAHs in the samples, indicating the sources of contamination of river sediments by existence of multiple sources of these compounds in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons along entire the investigated area. Thus, the conclusion is that course of the Vrbas River (Bosnia and this area was exposed to both point and diffuse Herzegovina). sources of PAH contaminants. Nineteen sampling points were selected covering the entire course of the Vrbas River (Bosnia and Acknowledgements Herzegovina). The samples were extracted in a The study was supported by the Ministry of Soxhlet apparatus and fractionated using column Education, Science and Technological chromatography. In the fraction of aromatic Development of the Republic of Serbia for financial support (Grant No: 451-03-68/2022-14/200026) hydrocarbons, PAHs were analysed by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in a References selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The ions [1] X.L. Zhang, S. Tao, W.X. Liu, Y. Yang, Q. Zuo, S.Z. monitored were: m/z = 128 (naphthalene), m/z = Liu (2005) Environmental science & technology, 39(23), 152 (acenaphthylene), m/z = 154 (acenaphthene), 9109-9114. m/z = 166 (fluorene), m/z = 178 (phenanthrene [2] S. Stojadinović, A. Šajnović, M. Kašanin-Grubin, G. andanthracene), m/z = 202 (fluoranthene and Gajica, G. Veselinović, S. Štrbac, B. Jovančićević (2022) pyrene), m/z = 228 (benzo[a]anthracene and Journal of Soils and Sediments, 22(2), 640-655. chrysene), m/z = 252 (benzo[b]fluoranthene, Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 32 POSTER (#1) Influence of Maturation Processes on n-Alkane Distribution in Peloids from Sečovlje Saltpans Nature Park Slovenia A. Šajnović1, G. Veselinović1,*, G. Gajica1, S. Stojadinović1, N. Glavaš2, P. Trebše3, F. Prosenc3, B. Jovančićević4 (1) University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade, Serbia, (2) SOLINE Pridelava soli d.o.o., Seča 115, Portorož, Slovenia, (3) University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia, (4) University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia *gorica.veselinovic@ihtm.bg.ac.rs 20 immature sample mature sample 10 0 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 Slovenia has 15 certified natural health resorts Agilent 5975C mass selective detector. Mass located in untouched natural environments that fragmentograms of the saturated fraction used for practice the centuries-old tradition of thermal the interpretation of biomarkers were m/z 71 for n- treatments. Sečovlje Saltpans Nature Park is one of alkanes and isoprenoids. n-Alkanes of immature the most attractive natural and cultural heritage sites sample are characterized by bimodal distribution of Slovenia located at the Adriatic Sea. Salt is with prevalence of odd long chain homologues with recovered from the sea water by solar evaporation. maximum at n-C31. Among short chain n-alkanes Beside salt, thermal mud and brine are important domination of n-C16 and n-C18 is noticeable. Even products usually used for therapeutic purposes. The carbon number predominance of short chain n- physical, chemical, microbiological and alkanes is mainly from bacteria [3]. It means that sedimentological properties of the thermal mud organic matter in addition to terrestrial plants is have been relatively well documented [1]. Organic composed of aquatic organisms such as bacteria [3], geochemical analysis in Sečovlje peloid has not deposited under reduction condition (phytane > been performed so far. pristane). Presence of bacteria and other The maturation of peloids is based on complex microorganisms in peloids has the potential to processes involving biochemical processes related enhance their therapeutic value. It is obvious that to the growth of microorganisms and microalgae, the distribution of n-alkanes changed during of depending on the habitats in the open-air tanks peloid maturity. Mature sample have a common where the clay is left to mature. It is precisely during unimodal distribution where middle chain n-alkanes this maturation process that the different biological ( n-C23 to n-C25) dominated and probably have action compounds, partly responsible for the mixing sources. therapeutic actions, are formed [2]. In Sečovlje Saltpans Nature Park healing mud Acknowledgements maturate in the natural sedimentary environment This research is a part of the bilateral project 2021– where it occurs. The aim of this work was to 2023 between the Republic of Serbia and Slovenia determine the influence of peloid maturation on the ‘‘Geochemical approach in characterisation of n-alkane distribution. For this purpose, the sample therapeutical peloid mud from Serbian and before and after maturation was examined. Slovenian spas’’. Azeotrope mixture of methanol and dichloromethane was used for the Soxhlet References extraction. Elemental sulphur was removed by [1] N. Kovač, N. Glavaš, T. Ramšak, M. Dolonec, N. adding copper to the mixture. Only the saturated Rogan Šmuc (2018) Science of The Total Environment, fraction was isolated from soluble organic matter 664, 350-359. [2] M.L. Mourelle, C.P. Gómez, J.L. Legido (2021) using column chromatography (adsorbents: SiO2 Marine drugs, 19, 666-682. and Al2O3, eluent: n-pentane). Subsequently, [3] The Biomarker Guide, Biomarkers and Isotopes in the saturated fraction was analysed on an Agilent Environment and Human History. K.E. Peters, C. Walters, 7890A GC gas chromatograph coupled to the J.M. Moldowan, University Press, Cambridge, 2005. Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 33 POSTER (#1) Role of Mineralogical Composition and Physico-chemical Properties of Sediment on Badlands Classification N. Antić1,*, M. Stefanović2 ,S. Štrbac1 ,S. Stojadinović1,T. Tosti3, M. Kašanin-Grubin1, B. Jovančićević3 (1) Institute of Chemistry, Technology, and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia, (2) Innovation Center of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade, Serbia, (3) University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia *nevena.antic@ihtm.bg.ac.rs Figure 1. Badland areas from which samples were collected. Badlands, areas exposed to wide range of critical properties of material for development of geomorphological processes and sparse or absent in badlands and to make additional classification of vegetation, thanks to differences in soil and rock dispersive materials. characteristic can be formed in different climate Wide database formed of data such as: conditions [1]. mineralogical composition, grain size, pH, electrical Beside common morphological properties, these conductivity, ions concentrations, the content of kind of terrains fall under a wide range of organic carbon (Corg) was formed. Results geomorphic activities and dynamic behaviors. processing and a large number of statistical analysis Diversity of factors, led by lithology, weathering showed that classification of sediments dispersivity and erosion processes, play a significant role in based on its mineralogical compositions is mainly formation of badland terrains. That diversity implies influenced by Corg. the complexity of the interactions and processes that Materials susceptibility to erosion processes is are a part of badlands origin and evolution. where Corg generally has an important role, while It was observed that in terrains with different higher Corg have important role in improvement of lithologies may have different erosion rates and materials resistance to dispersion. general processes, depending on the lithology. But In conclusion, this results processing suggested not only that, even areas with same lithology may that a current importance of Corg obvious and that it behave differently depending on the conditions that could lead to forming a new site signature that occur in the environment. would contain some of analyzed parameters For these reasons mineralogical and physico- combined with measured Corg values and would chemical characterizations attracted researchers' classify them based on their dispersity. attention with the aim to link material properties, weathering and erosion processes and form current Acknowledgements "site signatures". Link between sodium adsorption The authors would like to thank the Ministry of ration and electrical conductivity (SAR/EC) or pH Education, Science and Technological (SAR/pH) are some of already established site Development of the Republic of Serbia for financial support (Grant No: 451–03-68/2022–14/200026, signatures that define dispersivity of badland 451–03–68/2022–14/200169). materials. Knowing that, physico-chemical and References mineralogical analysis were conducted on ̴ 40 [1] Bryan, R.B., Yair, A., 1982 . Badland Geomorphology unweathered badland sediments samples taken from and Piping. Geo Books, Norwich, England different areas (Fig. 1) with the aim to determine Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 34 POSTER (#1) Analytical Methodology for Monitoring Microplastics in Sewage Sludge from Wastewater Treatment Plants J. Martín, M. Arenas, J.L. Santos, I. Aparicio*, E. Alonso Escuela Politécnica Superior, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain *anquimed@us.es There is an increasing concern, not only by the were collected for further analysis and identification scientific community but also by international by microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared organisms, about the presence of microplastics in spectroscopy (FTIR). many environmental and biological matrices. Four types of plastic materials were identified Microplastics are widely accepted as plastics (polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and fragments up to 5 mm in diameter. Microplastics polycarbonate). Their particle size was in the range themselves, are considered an environmental threat from 0.24 to 3.40 mm. The average concentrations due to their persistence, ubiquity, toxicity potential of microplastics in primary and secondary sludge but they can also act as vectors of organic and were 7.5 and 10.7 particles/L, respectively. The inorganic pollutants due to their high sorption average concentration in digested sludge was 79.5 capacity [1,2]. particles/L. The proposed method revealed to be Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been efficient for routine analysis of microplastics in identified as an important pathway for the release of sewage sludge. microplastics into the environment, through discharges of effluent wastewater or treated sludge Acknowledgements disposals as soil fertilizer [3,4]. In addition, it has The authors acknowledge financial support from been reported that more than 90% of microplastic Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento, Empresas removed from wastewater in WWTPs are entrapped y Universidad, Junta de Andalucía (Proyect I+D+i in sludge [5]. Therefore, analytical strategies are PAIDI Andalucía No. P20_00556). needed to obtain information about the presence, behaviour and removal of microplastics alongside References sewage sludge stabilisation treatments. [1] L.H.M.L.M. Santos, S. Rodríguez-Mozaz, D. Barceló In this work, an analytical strategy for (2021) Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental microplastic monitoring alongside sewage sludge Engineering, 3, 100079. [2] J. Martín, J.L. Santos, I. Aparicio, E. Alonso (2022) treatment is proposed. To achieve this aim, sewage Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 35, sludge samples were taken from different sludge e00170. stabilisation stages in a WWTPs that mainly treats [3] D. Harley-Hyang, F.A. Memon, N. Jones, T. Galloway urban wastewater. Sludge samples were collected in (2022) Science of the Total Environment, 823-153765. glass flasks with metallic caps in 24-hour sampling [4] X. Li, L. Chen, Q. Mei, B. Dong, X. Dai, G. Ding, E.Y. cycles. Flasks were previously washed and Zeng (2018) Water Research, 142, 75-85. conditioned for sample conservation. [5] A.S. Reddy, A.T. Nair (2022) Environmental Sample treatment was carried out by digestion Technology and Innovation, 28, 102815. with potassium hydroxide, extraction by flotation with a sodium chloride solution and filtration of the supernatant. Microparticles retained in the filter Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 35 SESSION 2: Water ORAL (#2) Bisphenols S, Poorly Determined Substitute of Bisphenol A - Comparison of Electrochemical and Chromatographic Detection in Water Media K. Žagar Soderžnik1,* , Š. Črešnovar2, A. Korenta1, Š. Trafela1, P. Trebše2, M. Bavcon Kralj2 (1) Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, (2) Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia *kristina.zagar@ijs.si Persistent mobile chemicals - PMCs are the result that provides a large surface area (carbon black or of the development of modern organic chemistry, SWCNT's) that exhibits efficient redox which has been flourishing since the middle of the characteristics for a given analyte at low potential. 20th century and it has been found nowadays in tens Characterized and fully understood receptor of thousands of everyday products. Although elements were integrated into proof of concept modern chemicals have been around for many years system and exposed to target analytes in water. For its negative effects on human and animal health are detection of bisphenols in water solutions only beginning to be understood [1,2]. On the top of electrochemical measurements, e.g. cyclic the priority list of PMCs are bisphenols. Bisphenol voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry S (BPS) is one of the most common phenols in the (DPV) and chronoamperometry (CA) were applied. environment. In plastics, it is used as a substitute for CA was used to calculate the calibration curve to bisphenol A (BPA), which is known hormone obtain the sensitivity and limit of detection (LOD) disruptor. Although BPS threats the human health for certain experimental conditions. Finally, the in the same way, it is still allowed and poorly sensor was tested for selectivity. Selective detection regulated [2]. of BPS, BPA and BPF was observed by using DPV In fact, there is a need for urgent development of on the same SPE working electrode with a solution selective electrochemical sensors for on-site containing all three isomers. detection supported by powerful chromatographic In the future, the sensors could be strategically techniques. Within this study, the development of placed in every household to disambiguate impacts receptor element for detection of three bisphenols, from possible sources coming from everyday namely BPS, BPA and bisphenol F (BPF) is products. presented. To guide sensor development and its effectiveness, conventional chromatographic Acknowledgements analysis (high performance liquid chromatography The authors acknowledge the project (Sense PMC, with diode array detection - HPLC DAD detector) ID J2-3051) and the research core funding No. P3- with proper sample preparation (solid phase 0388 (Mechanisms of Health Maintenance) both extraction – SPE) was applied. financially supported by the Slovenian Research The electrochemical detection of bisphenols is Agency. possible due to irreversible oxidation of phenol group [3] leading to different oxidation peaks for References each bisphenol (BPS at 0,7-1,0 V) [4]. The chemical [1] D. Zahn, I.J. Neuwald, T.P. Knepper (2020). Analytical or electrochemical processing of receptor elements and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 412, 4763 – 4784. was evolved on commercial screen-printed [2] H. Rüdel, …, T. Reemtsma (2020). Enviromental Sciences Europe 32(5). electrodes (SPE), with carbon as a working [3] Y. Zhang, …, L. Jianke (2021) Food Chemistry, 346, electrode, platinum as counter electrode and silver 128895. as reference electrode. The receptor element [4] Y.-H. Pang, …, Y. Wang (2020) Environmental working electrode was modified using a material Pollution, 263. Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 39 ORAL (#2) Design and Manufacture of an In-situ Extraction Functionalized Device Using 3D Printing for the Determination of Sulfonamides from Water Samples by HPLC-DAD D. Barzallo1,*, E. Palacio1, L. Ferrer1 (1) Environmental Analytical Chemistry Group, University of Balearic Islands, Cra. Valldemossa 7.5 km, Spain *dbarzallo@uib.es Sulfonamides (SAs) are pharmaceutical products In all cases, a good linearity was observed up to widely used in human and veterinary medicine to 1000 µg L-1 with R2 between 0.9987-0.9998. The systematically treat infectious diseases, which are interday precision expressed as relative standard poorly absorbed by the human body and thus are deviation (n=3) varied between 2.2 and 5.5 % RSD, released into the environment as parent compounds showing the good precision of the proposed or metabolites via urine or feces [1]. For this reason, methodology. Finally, the developed method was they are considered as emerging chemical successfully used for the simultaneous analysis of substances or "pseudo-persistent" pollutants due to seven SAs in samples of tap water and wastewater. their continuous entry into the ecosystem and their Therefore, the 3D printed device is an efficient, low biodegradability, which can cause the miniaturized and simple alternative for monitoring development antibiotic resistant bacteria, causing a emerging contaminants derived from negative impact on human health [2]. Wastewater Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products such as treatment plants (WWTPs) are the main source of SAs in environmental water samples. SAs release into the environment since they are not completely eliminated during their treatment [3] Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge financial support from A 3D printed device coated with Oasis MCX resin project PID2019-107604RB-I00 funded by was developed allowing both the on-site and MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033. Diego laboratory extraction and pre-concentration of Barzallo acknowledges the support from the sulfonamides (SAs) and subsequent determination Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and by HPLC with diode array detection (DAD). The Universities (MCIU) for the pre-doctoral research device has been designed and printed by fellowship (FPU20/06399). The authors thanks to stereolithographic 3D printing and functionalized Calvia2000 WWTP for the provision of wastewater with a SPE resin by stick and cure immobilization samples. technique. Images of 3D printed coated devices obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) References allowed its characterization. Various parameters [1] M. Seifrtová, L. Nováková, C. Lino, A. Pena, P. Solich that affect the extraction efficiency (eluent, eluent (2009) Anal. Chim. Acta, 649, 158–179. volume, extraction and elution times) were studied [2] G. Prasannamedha, P.S. Kumar (2020) J. Clean. Prod., 250, 119553. and under optimal conditions, seven sulfonamides [3] K.G. Karthikeyan, M.T. Meyer, (2006) Sci. Total (Sulfanilamide, SAM; Sulfadiazine, SDZ; Environ., 361, 196–207. Sulfamerazine, SMR; Sulfamethazine, SMZ; Sulfamethoxypyridazine, SMP; Sulfamethoxazole, SMX; and Sulfadimethoxine, SDX) have been satisfactorily quantified after the 3D coated-device extraction. Detection limits of 6, 6, 0.9, 0.9, 0.8, 0.7, and 0.6 µg L-1 were achieved for SAM, SDZ, SMR, SMZ, SMP, SMX, and SDX, respectively. Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 40 ORAL (#2) Enantiomeric Determination of Main Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics and Their Metabolites in Wastewater and Surface Water C. Mejías, J.L. Santos, J. Martín, I. Aparicio*, E. Alonso Escuela Politécnica Superior, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain *anquimed@us.es There is an increasing concern about the overuse including sample extraction and chiral LC-MS/MS and misuse of antibiotics because such practices are determination was carried out in just 14 min. resulting in a rising antibiotic resistance that is The method was validated for its application to threatening the treatment of common infection surface water and effluent and influent wastewater diseases. samples. Accuracy values were in the range from Fluoroquinolones are antibiotics of significant 61.4 to 122 % in wastewater and from 73.4 to 119 % environmental concern as they are used not only in in surface water. Precision, expressed as relative human medicine but also in veterinary medicine and standard deviation, was lower than 13.6 % for all not only as therapeutic agents but also to promote the compounds in all matrices. Method livestock growth and in aquaculture. They have quantification limits were in the range from 0.2 to been included in the list of critically important 50 ng L-1 for all compounds in wastewater and antimicrobials by the World Health Organization surface water. [1] and one of them, ciprofloxacin (CIP), in the Method application to wastewater and surface watch list of substances for Union-wide monitoring water samples revealed the enantioselective in the field of water policy [2]. transformation of ( S)-OFL into ( R)-OFL in surface Some fluoroquinolones and their metabolites are water and the prevalence of OH-FLU D2 metabolite chiral compounds. Chirality has a great impact on with respect to OH-FLU D1 in influent wastewater. the environment because, although physical and chemical processes affect in the same way to both Acknowledgements enantiomers, they can act differently with other This work was supported by the Ministerio de chiral molecules (such as proteins: receptors or Ciencia e Innovación-Agencia Estatal de enzymes), which can result in different biological Investigación (grant number: PID2020-117641RB- and toxicological behaviours [3] and I00 by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic responses. by the Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Economía Nevertheless, in spite that enantioselective y Conocimiento (grant reference: US-1254283). C. analytical methods are required for a proper Mejías acknowledges the University of Seville for environmental risk assessment they have been her predoctoral grant (VI PPIT-US 2021 II.2A). scarcely reported [4]. In this work, a green analytical method has been References developed and validated for the first time [1] Critically Important Antimicrobials for Human automatised enantioselective determination of Medicine (2018) World Health Organization, environmental significant fluoroquinolones and Antimicrobial Resistance Division, 6th edition. [2] European Commission Decision 2020/1161/EU (2020) their metabolites in wastewater and surface water Official Journal of the European Union 57, 32–35. samples. Target fluoroquinolones were selected by [3] C. Mejías, M. Arenas, J. Martín, J.L. Santos, I. their extended use in human (ciprofloxacin and Aparicio, E. Alonso (2022) Reviews of Environmental ofloxacin) or veterinary (flumequine) medicine. Contamination and Toxicology, 260, 3. The analytical method was based on on-line solid- [4] M. Arenas, J. Martín, J.L. Santos, I. Aparicio, E. phase extraction-chiral liquid chromatography- Alonso (2021) TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry 143, tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Analysis, 116370. Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 41 ORAL (#2) Formation and Decomposition of Thiocyanate in Natural Aquatic Systems A. Kamyshny1,*, I. Kurashova1 (1) Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, Beer-Sheva, 84105 Israel *alexey93@gmail.com Thiocyanate (SCN-) is formed in various natural Although thiocyanate is chemically stable in and industrial processes. It is found in waste waters aqueous solutions under environmental conditions, from coal and oil processing, steel and gold its biological decomposition is relatively fast and manufacturing, petrochemical industry and may be described by Michaelis-Menten kinetic pesticide production. Thiocyanate is toxic to aquatic model. Half-life of thiocyanate in 1 μM - 1 mM species. Natural sources of thiocyanate include range may vary from 1 day to tens of years. The plants, biological and abiotic decomposition of dependences of thiocyanate decomposition rates on organic matter, and in vivo detoxification of conditions were evaluated. It was found that these cyanide. Several species of bacteria, algae, fungi, rates are higher in the presence of oxygen than in its plants, and animals are physiologically capable of absence. In the sediments, the rates are higher or detoxifying cyanide, and in most cases one of the equal to the rates in water column. In the anoxic end products of detoxification is thiocyanate. systems, the rates are higher in the presence of Another important mechanism of thiocyanate hydrogen sulfide than in the presence of dissolved formation in natural aquatic systems is the reaction iron and manganese. Lag times before the decrease between hydrogen cyanide and sulfide oxidation in thiocyanate concentrations starts were varies intermediates, which contain sulfur-sulfur bonds. between <1 day in oxic marine sediment to 79 days We have studied the rates of thiocyanate in anoxic seawater. formation by reactions of free and iron-complexed cyanide with thiosulfate (S 2- 2O3 ) [1], tetrathionate Acknowledgements (S 2- 4O6 ) [2] and dimethyltrisulfane ((CH3)2S3) [3] This research was funded by Marie Curie Actions and compared them with the rates of the reaction CIG PCIG10-GA-2011-303740 (ThioCyAnOx) between cyanide and polysulfides (Sn2-) [4]. In Grant. We are grateful to Itay Halevy, Tamir another study we have assessed the stability of Buchshtav, Ido Ben Laish, Valeria Boyko, Werner thiocyanate in the natural aquatic systems, including Eckert, Asaph Rivlin, Valeria Boyko and Hanni waters and sediments of marine and limnic systems Leibowitz for help with sampling, samples analyses under oxic, anoxic, iron-rich, manganese-rich and and data processing. sulfide-rich conditions [5]. Results of our research suggest that reactivity of References iron-complexed cyanide toward sulfur species is [1] I. Kurashova, A. Kamyshny (2019) Aquatic very low and do not contribute to thiocyanate Geochemistry, 25, 219-236. formation in the natural aquatic systems. Reactivity [2] I. Kurashova, A. Kamyshny (2021) Aquatic Geochemistry, 27, 63-77. of sulfur species toward free cyanide decreases in the order: polysulfide ≥ tetrathionate > [3] I. Kurashova, A. Kamyshny (2021) Environmental Chemistry, 18, 81-90. dimethyltrisulfane > thiosulfate. Cyanide anion is [4] R. G. Luthy, S. G. Bruce Jr. (1979) Environmental more reactive toward sulfur species than hydrogen Science & Technology, 13, 1481-1487. cyanide. [5] I. Kurashova, I. Halevy, A. Kamyshny (2018) Environmental Science & Technology, 52, 1234-1243. Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 42 ORAL (#2) Nutrient Removal and Recovery from Water Using Functionalised Biochars S. Pap1,*, Q. Zhao1,2, P. Gaffney1, C. Kirk3, S.W. Gibb1, M.A. Taggart1 (1) Environmental Research Institute, UHI North Highland, Thurso, Scotland, KW14 7JD, UK; (2) School of Civil & Architecture Engineering, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an, Shaan Xi, 710021, China; (3) School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK *szabolcs.pap@uhi.ac.uk This work looked to explore biochar’s potential to >1000-fold improvement). Instrumental mitigate against pollution by testing its capacity to characterisation showed that adsorption capture excess nutrients [1]. We propose that waste mechanisms were dominated by metal-phosphate wood converted to biochar may be transformed into precipitation reactions, and inner-sphere a value-added water treatment material and fertiliser complexation onto metal ligands. The maximum product [2]. adsorption capacity for the biochars studied was We determined the best biochar production 78 mg P/g in column filtration trials. The biochars method using a Response Surface Methodology showed a high efficiency in treating hypereutrophic approach [3]. Raw biochar was then functionalised lake water, low toxicity in seed germination and had with Ce/La/Zr metal hydr(oxides). All biochars a positive effect on plant yield during pot trials. were characterised using SEM-EDX, BET, FTIR, Future work will include pilot-scale studies to XRD and XPS techniques. Removal efficiency observe nutrient recovery at larger scale. /adsorption capacity of nutrients (PO 3− - 4 , NO3 and Acknowledgements NH + 4 ) was optimised through a series of batch We gratefully acknowledge financial support from: studies to explore the kinetic/thermodynamic the RSPB Forsinard Flows National Nature behaviour and equilibrium phase of the Reserve; the University of the Highlands and biochar/nutrient system in an aquatic environment. Islands WaterHub Challenge Fund; the Natural The performance of the two best biochars (La-OB Science Foundation of Education Department of and CeLa-OB) were evaluated in dynamic regimes Shaanxi Province (Grant No: 18JK0375); The with synthetic PO 3- 4 solutions and hypereutrophic Royal Society of Chemistry ‘RSC Research Fund’ lake water (~0.5 mg P/L). The feasibility of using biochar in a ‘real life’ scenario was studied with (Grant R20-7810) and SAGES Small Grants Scheme (10th SSGS). reusability/desorption trials using multiple cycles. Toxicity in a soil environment was also considered References using seed germination and pot trials. [1] Integrated and Hybrid Process Technology for Water Recommendations for future applications through and Wastewater Treatment. S. Pap, B. Bremner, M. Turk scale-up and cost calculations were also considered. Sekulic, M.A. Taggart, Amsterdam, Elsevier, 2021. Results suggested that raw biochar only weakly [2] S. Pap, C. Kirk, B. Bremner, M. Turk Sekulic, L. adsorbed nutrients, which was especially true for Shearer, S.W. Gibb, M.A. Taggart, Water research, 173 (2020) 115573. the anionic forms of PO 3− - 4 and NO3 due to [3] S. Pap, P.P. Gaffney, Q. Zhao, D. Klein, Y. Li, C. Kirk, electrostatic repulsion elicited by the negatively M.A. Taggart, Industrial Crops and Products, 185, (2022) charged biochar surface. Chemical 115165 . functionalisation significantly increased adsorption capacity for all nutrients (especially for PO 3− 4 , with Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 43 ORAL (#2) Natural Abiotic Degradation of Phenol and Chlorophenols in Aquatic Environment A. Kravos*, G. Kalčikova, H. Prosen University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Večna pot 113, Ljubljana, Slovenia *aleksander.kravos@fkkt.uni-lj.si The presence of phenol and chlorophenols in the transformation by-products. Ecotoxicity tests were environment is reportedly still significant even after included in the study through testing of acute decades of their limited use, because of their high inhibition tests on water fleas Daphnia magna. stability. In natural waters, e.g., rivers, wetlands, Degradation processes turned out to be dynamic, ocean bed, phenols experience natural degradation complex, and progressive. Dechlorination of processes led by biotic and abiotic factors [1]. chlorophenols was highly preferential. Processes Despite being well-researched as hazardous were accelerated by alkaline pH, aerobic conditions, pollutants [2], their chemical fate, persistency, and and presence of abiotic active agents, especially interactions in natural waters have not yet been fully humic acid. An array of photoinduced chemical addressed [3]. transformations proceeded, that induced formation Tracking such complex natural phenomena as biotic of less toxic mixtures of transformation by- and abiotic degradation of persistent pollutants is a products. Altogether revealed chemical lability of real challenge. However, it can be studied by the studied phenols in semi-real natural waters laboratory simulations. As so, this study assesses without any biological factors present. environmental behaviour of three representative In conclusion, this study contributes to broadening industrial pollutants (phenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, of the knowledge of the environmental self-cleaning and pentachlorophenol) in model aquatic matrices. capabilities triggered by abiotic processes. By Due to their high toxicity and resistance to knowing phenols’ chemical fate in simulated biodegradation, herein, focus was placed only on aquatic environment, their persistency, interactions, abiotic factors that are significantly understudied. and long-term influence on ecosystems could be The chemical stability of phenols was investigated better understood in the future. by simulating natural conditions in incubated lab- scale test mixtures. Acknowledgements We evaluated the effect of visible light irradiation, The study was funded by Slovenian Research alkalinity, carbonate- and silicate-based sediments, Agency through programmes P1-0153 and P2- humic substances, copper (II) ions, and hypoxic 0191. conditions on degradation of the three mentioned phenolic compounds. Multianalytical approach References allowed collection of data on (i) phenols’ stability, [1] M. Czaplicka (2004) Science of the Total Environment, (ii) their dechlorination, (iii) chemical 322, 21-39. transformations, and (iv) detoxification. [2] A. Karci (2014) Chemosphere, 99, 1-18. [3] M. Foszpańczyk, E. Drozdek, M. Gmurek, S. Accordingly, liquid, anion-exchange, and gas Ledakowicz (2018) Environmental Science and Pollution chromatography were applied. The use of mass Research, 24, 34968-34975. spectrometry in the form of GC-MS and LC-MS allowed for simultaneous identification of the Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 44 ORAL (#2) Ionic and Porous Materials for Efficient and Sustainable Water Purification Processes L. C. Branco1*, K. Zalewska1, S. Freitas1,2, L. Rodrigues2, I. Matos1, M. Bernardo1, M. J. Nunes1, P. Mothé- Esteves2 (1) LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal, (2) Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil *l.branco@fct.unl.pt Water resources are the main vehicle for the contaminants in water phase by UPLC-DAD, environmental dispersion of chemical pollutants UPLC-MS/MS and ICP-AES. [1]. Consequently, the discovery efficient processes In addition, Porous materials based on activated to promote the purification of the contaminants charcoal and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) from water is highly required. The presence of these as efficient adsorbents have been developed and contaminants in the environment may cause risks to tested for water purification processes. The most ecosystems and to human since they are designed to promissory porous materials and ionic systems will have a specific action on the human body and to act be tested for effective removal of contaminants in very low concentrations. It is very relevant the from river water samples. possibility to combine an efficient extraction methodology with high-precision analytical Acknowledgements methods for a correct identification and The Associate Laboratory for Green Chemistry quantification of water samples containing LAQV which is funded by national funds from pollutants, particularly pharmaceutical drugs, such FCT/MEC (UIDB/50006/2020) and co-financed by as antibiotics, which are permanently released into the ERDF under the PT2020 Partnership agreement the environment [2]. The combination of porous (POCI-01-0145-FEDER – 007265) are materials, ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic acknowledged for financial support. MAR2020 solvents (DES) have been developed for efficient (MAR-02.01.01-FEAMP-0042; INOVA4AQUA removal of micropollutants from water streams. ILs project) and Solchemar company. The authors also as organic salts with low-melting points possessing thanks the FCT-CAPES collaborative project, peculiar physical and chemical properties and INOVA4AQUA project (MAR2020 (MAR- significant interest for extraction and separation 02.01.01-FEAMP-0042) and Solchemar company. applications [3]. In addition, DES as innovative materials prepared by suitable combination of References hydrogen bond donors (HBD) and acceptors (HBA) [1] P. Kehrein, M. van Loosdrecht, P. Osseweijer, M. have been reported for several applications [4]. Garfí, J. Dewulf, J. Posada (2020) Environ. Sci.: Water Herein, we presented different purification Res. Technol. 6, 877. [2] M. Patel, R. Kumar, K. Kishor, T. Mlsna, C. U Pittman processes using hydrophobic ILs and DES for Jr, D. Mohan (2019) Chem Rev 119, 3510. liquid-liquid extractions [5-7] as well as porous [3] Sónia P. M. Ventura, Francisca A. Silva, Maria V. materials for adsorption systems. As proof of Quental, Dibyendu Mondal, Mara G. Freire, João A. P. concept, several organic and metal contaminants Coutinho (2017) Chem. Rev. 117, 6984. based on antibiotics (amoxicillin, ampicillin, [4] C. Florindo, L. C. Branco, I. M. Marrucho (2019) oxytetracycline, ciprofloxacine, enrofloxacine and ChemSusChem 12, 1549. chloramphenicol), pesticides, plastic additives [5] C. Florindo, F. Lima, L. C. Branco, I. M. Marrucho (bisphenol A) and heavy or critical metals have (2019) ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 7, 14739. [6] C. Florindo, N. V. Monteiro, B. D. Ribeiro, L. C. been selected. The optimized analytical Branco, I. M. Marrucho (2020) J. Mol. Liq. 297, 111841. methodology involved the quantification of [7] M. J. Nunes, V. Paz, C. M. Cordas, J. P. Noronha, L. C. Branco (2022) Anal. Methods, 14, 935. Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 45 ORAL (#2) Development of a New Synthetic Chalcone as a Promising Non-Toxic Antifoulant for the Prevention of Marine Biofouling D. Pereira1,2,*, C. Vilas Boas1,2, L. Running3, C. Gonçalves2, V. Vasconcelos2,4, M. Pinto1,2, G. E. Atilla-Gokcumen3, D.S. Aga3, J.R. Almeida2, M. Correia-da-Silva1,2, H. Cidade1,2 (1) Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nº 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal, (2) CIIMAR – Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research , University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal, (3) Chemistry Department, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA (4) Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4069-007 Porto, Portugal *up200904461@edu.ff.up.pt Marine biofouling remains a huge challenge for the lowest concentration tested, increasing some maritime industries, causing massive material and lipids related to mitochondrial function, energy economic losses. Due to the settlement and storage, and membrane support. Through transportation of marine microorganisms through environmental fate studies, it was found that the different parts of the world, this occurrence also has obtained chalcone is low water soluble, stable in ecological implications, causing modifications of seawater after 2 months, low bioaccumulation biodiversity. To prevent this phenomenon, potential (Log Kow = 3.55), which can be useful for antifouling (AF) coatings with tributyltin (TBT) incorporation in antifouling coatings as a promising were widely used by maritime industries for agent. decades. However, due to TBT toxicity for the marine environment, antifouling coatings based on Acknowledgements this biocide were banned. New alternatives to AF This research was supported by national funds coating were based on copper compounds with the through FCT (Foundation for Science and incorporation of biocide boosters but, even being Technology) within the scope of less harmful to the environment than organotin UIDB/04423/2020, UIDP/04423/2020, and under biocides, these biocides have showed to be a threat the projects PTDC/CTA-AMB/0853/2021 by FCT to the marine environment [1]. Based on the through national funds. D.P. and C.V.-B. potential of nature and nature-inspired synthetic acknowledge FCT for their Ph.D. scholarships flavonoids [2,3], as well as the triazole ring, for the (grant numbers SFRH/BD/147207/2019 and prevention of marine biofouling, our research group SFRH/BD/136147/2018, respectively). developed a new triazolyl glycosylated chalcone hybrid which showed promising anti-settlement References activity against Mytilus galloprovincialis, as well as [1] C. Parisi, J. Sandonnini, M.R. Coppola, A. Madonna, antimicrofouling activity against microalgae F.K. Abdel-Gawad, E.M. Sivieri, G. Guerriero (2022) Navicula sp. This compound also showed to be non- Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 10, 792. [2] J.R. Almeida, J. Moreira, D. Pereira, S. Pereira, J. toxic against the non-target marine microorganism Antunes, A. Palmeira, V. Vasconcelos, M. Pinto, M. Artemia salina, with less of 10% mortality at 25 M, Correia-da-Silva, H. Cidade (2018) Science of The Total while the commercial biocide Econea® showed Environment, 643, 98-106. 100% mortality at the same concentration. [3] D. Pereira, C. Gonçalves, B.T. Martins, A. Palmeira, Moreover, by comparing the toxicity of the V. Vasconcelos, M. Pinto, J.R. Almeida, M. Correia-da- commercial biocide Econea® and the new Silva, H. Cidade (2021) Marine Drugs, 19, 5. promising chalcone on retinal human cells by [4] C. Vilas-Boas, L. Running, D. Pereira, H. Cidade, M. lipidomic approaches, it was found that, contrary to Correia-da-Silva, G.E. Atilla-Gokcumen, D.S. Aga (2022) the new chalcone, Econea® caused cell mortality at Molecules, 27, 5247. Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 46 ORAL (#2) Water pollution threats in Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas M. Dulsat-Masvidal1,*, C. Ciudad2, O. Infante2, R. Mateo3, S. Lacorte1 (1) IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain, (2) SEO/BirdLife, Melquiades Biencinto, 34, 28053 Madrid, Spain, (3) IREC- CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain *mariadulsat@gmail.com It has long been recognized that surface waters are Organic micropollutants have been found to be a common endpoint for organic micropollutants widespread in natural freshwater ecosystems key (OMP) released from anthropogenic activities, for biodiversity conservation. Lifestyle compounds, including wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) pharmaceuticals, and OPEs were the most discharges, urban runoff, and agricultural practices. ubiquitous chemical families. Pesticides and PFAS In recent years, several studies have shown how showed detection frequencies below 25%. emerging contaminants, such as pharmaceuticals, Agricultural land use has been identified as the most polar pesticides, organophosphate esters (OPEs), important source of OMP to surface waters. WWTP perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and other discharges have been identified as important chemicals, occur in rivers and estuaries with urban sources of pharmaceuticals, lifestyle compounds, pressures. However, there is still scarce information and PFAS in surface waters, and the influence of about the presence and distribution of OMP in artificial areas has been identified to contribute to natural areas and their potential risk that those the release of lifestyle compounds and PFAS. This chemicals can represent for biodiversity is the first study to quantify water pollution as a conservation, especially regarding the assessment threat to the IBAs. Our results demonstrate the of complex chemical mixtures which raise concern importance of considering land use and pollution from a toxicological point of view [1]. Therefore, sources inside and outside the boundaries of IBAs, water pollution is an important risk factor for the as the results indicate a strong influence of land use management of key biodiversity areas. In this study, around surface waters to explain the distribution of we established a monitoring scheme to determine pollutants. the presence and distribution of widely used pharmaceuticals, pesticides, organophosphate Acknowledgements esters (OPEs) and perfluoroalkyl substances The Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation is (PFAS) in water bodies from Important Bird and acknowledged for financial support [PID2019- Biodiversity Areas (IBAs) from Spain. The 105732GBC21] from monitoring scheme included georeferenced CIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and for the sampling of rocky mountain, Atlantic Forest, Severo Ochoa project Grant CEX2018-000794-S riparian forest, Mediterranean forest, agricultural, funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 to inland aquatic and coastal aquatic IBAs, with the IDAEA-CSIC as Centre of Excellence. aim to evaluate the impact of widely used chemicals on these aquatic resources. Water samples were References extracted using a generic solid-phase extraction [1] Altenburger, R., Backhaus, T., Boedeker, W., Faust, protocol and analysed by three analytical methods M., Scholze, M., (2013). Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 32, based on liquid chromatography coupled to tandem 1685–1687. mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 47 ORAL (#2) Environmental Quality of the Hyporheic Zone of the Sava River Under Anthropogenic Influence M. Erk1,*, Z. Redžović1, S. Gottstein2, M. Sertić Perić2, M. Cindrić1 (1) Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, Zagreb, Croatia, (2) University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Rooseveltov trg 6, Zagreb, Croatia *erk@irb.hr *contact_author@email_address. The hyporheic zone (HZ) belongs to the fertilizers. The concentrations of macro elements groundwater connected ecosystems and as a key (Na, K, Mg and Ca) in interstitial water from the HZ component of fluvial ecosystems, it plays a crucial were higher at the Jarun sampling site than at role in ecohydrology, biogeochemical cycling, Medsave. Their enrichment in the HZ compared to nutrient turnover, retention and biotransformation the surface water was observed at Jarun. In the of trace organic compounds, remineralisation of interstitial water from the HZ, the concentrations of organic matter, retention of fine particulate matter common environmental contaminants Ni and Pb and pollutant attenuation [1, 2]. were higher at the Jarun sampling site, while Cd and The aim of this study was to assess anthropogenic Zn were higher at Medsave. Higher concentrations impact on the environmental quality of the HZ of of Ni and Pb were observed in interstitial water than the Sava River by measuring basic physico- in river water. Sediment concentrations of Mo, Ni chemical parameters, nutrients, organic carbon and and Pb normalized to Al showed slightly higher metal contaminants in the interstitial water and values at Jarun. However, the concentrations of sediment at two gravel bar locations (Medsave and ecotoxic elements were below the environmental Jarun) during four seasons (winter 2018, spring, quality standards set for surface freshwaters [3]. summer and autumn 2019). Medsave is located 3 In conclusion, the environmental quality of the km upstream from the wastewater discharge of the HZ of the Sava River was slightly affected by town of Zaprešić as a point source of contamination, anthropogenic influences, although it was not yet and Jarun 13 km downstream from it. severely disturbed. Therefore, monitoring of basic Physico-chemical parameters, including parameters and contaminant concentrations in the concentrations of nutrients and organic carbon were HZ is recommended. affected by wastewater discharge, but also by hydrometeorological conditions, such as water level Acknowledgements and river discharge. In summer and autumn, at both This research was supported by ERDF Qua/Qua sampling sites lower average water level (-249 cm) Protein project, grant no. KK.01.1.1.07.0023 and and discharge (122 m3/s) were recorded, compared the Croatian Science Foundation AQUAMAPMET to spring and winter (-214 cm; 179 m3/s). Nitrates project no. IP-2014-09-4255. We thank to Mr. Ivica were higher in spring and autumn at both sampling Barač for his great help in the field work and Dr.Sc. sites, which can be linked to higher atmospheric Zrinka Dragun for ICP-MS analyses. precipitation and leaching from agricultural lands. At the Jarun site, phosphate levels in interstitial References water in the spring, summer, and autumn indicated [1] F. Boano, J.W. Harvey, A. Marion, A.I. Packman, R. less than good water quality status according to the Revelli, L. Ridolfi, A. Wörman (2014) Reviews of water quality standards for the respective river type Geophysics, 52, 603–679. [2] B.M. Mueller, H. Schulz, J. Lewandowski (2022) HR-R_5b [3]. The observed increased Encyclopedia of Inland Waters, 2, 301–311. concentrations of dissolved organic carbon in water [3] Government of the Republic of Croatia (2019) Official and total organic carbon in sediment at Medsave Gazette, No. 96, Zagreb. may be related to the intensive use of agricultural Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 48 ORAL (#2) Photochemical Fate of Organic Micropollutants in the Sea Surface Microlayer C. Abdel Nour1,*, S. Rossignol1, P. Wong-Wah-Chung1 (1) Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LCE, Europôle de l’Arbois, BP 80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, FRANCE *carole.abdel-nour@u niv-amu.fr The photochemical processes in the after their critical micelle concentrations (CMC). environmental aquatic compartments have been The main results show the ability of the SML intensively studied during the last few decades proxies to slow down the photoinduced degradation because of the occurrence of many organic of model pollutants via competing reactions or pollutants in these water bodies. The sea surface quenching of reactive species. In a more detailed microlayer (SML), that includes the air-water approach, the apparent kinetic rate constants of HO. interface as well as the few hundreds of radicals and model pollutants were determined micrometers below, is a very particular photoreactor using the relative kinetic method at different due to both significant enrichment in organic surfactant concentration, before and after their material, mainly biogenic one notably deriving from CMC. When concentrations higher than the CMC marine biota (polysaccharides, biogenic are added, k . app(pollutant,HO ) significantly decreases; amphiphilic compounds …), and its constant which indicates that, depending on the polarity of interaction with the atmosphere [1,2]. The SML is the pollutant, it is less accessible for HO. radical also known to accumulate numerous organic attack when it's protected in the micelles of contaminants but is for now almost ignored when surfactants [3]. talking about their reactive fate in marine waters. In the SML, the photochemical fate of organic micropollutants is therefore influenced by their In this work, we characterize the photochemical trapping in micelles or in monolayers of surfactants fate of two marine organic micropollutants, at the sea-atmosphere interface; This can lead to carbamazepine and phenanthrene in the SML: The potentially increase their lifetime compared to those main objective being the study of the effect of the known in diluted bulk waters and contribute to their SML’s enrichment in organic matter on the accumulation in the natural environment. photodegradation kinetics of these two organic micropollutants against HO. radical attack. The Acknowledgements approach consisted in simplifying the complexity of Funding of this work was provided by the Agence the SML matrix using model surfactants to test the Nationale de la Recherche ANR through the project effect of the polarity of micropollutants on their PhotoSeaSMiL. trapping in surfactants micelles, and beyond their protection against radical attack [3]. References [1] O. Wurl et al. (2017) Elementa: Science of the To achieve this, an irradiation system equipped Anthropocene, 5, 31. with a 300 W Xenon lamp allows the accelerated [2] A. Engel et al. (2017) Front. Mar. Sci. , 4, 165. [3] B. Samiey et al. (2014) Journal of Chemistry, 2014, 1– and controlled irradiation of a photochemical 14. reactor in which the conditions encountered in SML are recreated, using commercially available surfactant proxies: sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and rhamnolipids (RL) at concentrations below and Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 49 ORAL (#2) Distribution and Remobilization of Organic Pollutants by Floods – the Case Study Rur River, Germany C.A. Schwanen1,*, J. Müller1, J. Schwarzbauer1 (1) Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstrasse 4-20, 52056 Aachen, Germany *christina.schwanen@emr.rwth-aachen.de Extreme precipitation and subsequent runoff can (concentrations up to mg/gTOC). This points to cause severe flooding with damages to natural additional emission sources in summer compared to habitats like floodplains, as well as infrastructure, the smaller flood event in February. Generally, the including populated, agricultural, or industrial substantially higher discharges in July led to more areas [1]. In connection with extreme flood events, severe flooding and associated damage to the Rur the release and input of a variety of organic river itself and its tributaries. Accordingly, these pollutants into river systems occurs. This also tributaries then also had a much greater influence on includes the remobilization and displacement of old the input and hence concentrations of organic burdens, e.g., from the industrial or mining sector. pollutants at the Rur. In general, the Rur catchment area covers various Furthermore, the dispersion and concentrations of land uses such as urban settlement, numerous LABs are remarkable. Unlike for most of the other industrial applications (especially from the paper organic pollutants, the LAB contamination was industry), agriculture, and historical underground similar in both events and thus independent of the mining as well as current lignite mining [2]. flood dynamics. Since LABs are an anthropogenic Nevertheless, there are also several natural river indicator of pollution from wastewater, special sections and floodplains throughout the Rur’s attention should be given to their introduction course, which have been sampled immediately after during flood events of any dimension. two different flood events in February and July Overall, specific distribution patterns were 2021. identified in this study, e.g., for LABs or regarding The main objectives were to determine pollutant the influence of tributaries or other structural concentrations, distribution, and accumulation in features such as dams or renaturalized areas. These comparison between flood events of different findings and the knowledge about the behavior and dimensions and dynamics. Furthermore, possible fate of specific organic pollutants during and after remobilization processes and emission sources were (extreme) flood events are of great importance for identified. In addition, the relevance of floodplains the assessment of short- and long-term for sediment and pollutant retention was evaluated. environmental risks and hazards. GC-MS based non target screenings revealed the presence of different organic substances such as Acknowledgements polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), Special thanks to the RWTH Scholarships for hopanes, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), linear Doctoral Students. alkylbenzenes (LABs) and different industrial compounds (e.g., di- iso-propylnaphthalenes). They References are indicative of petrogenic, urban (wastewater), [1] S. Crawford., M Brinkmann., et al. (2022) Journal of industrial, or mining pollution (current and Hazardous Materials, 421, 126691. historical). [2] C. Schwanen, J. Schwarzbauer (2022) Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 233, 33. An acute enrichment of organic pollutants was detected mainly for the extreme flood event in July Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 50 ORAL (#2) Monitoring of the Occurrence and Patterns of Regulated Persistent Organic Pollutants and Emerging Flame Retardants in the Eastern French Mediterranean Coastline C. Rigal1,*, N. Sarkis2, V. Fauvelle3, L. Asia1, P. Doumenq1, P. Mirleau2, L. Malleret1 (1) Laboratoire Chimie Environnement, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Europole de l’Arbois, Aix-en-Provence, France, (2) IMBE – Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, Marseille, France, (3) MIO – Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, Marseille, France *camille.rigal@univ-amu.fr Global pollution represents a threat to harbour and creeks. Samples were screened for environmental and human health. Aquatic regulated substances, i.e., 16 Poly Aromatic ecosystems are burdened by emission and discharge Hydrocarbons, 7 Poly Chloro Biphenyls, 8 Poly of xenobiotic contaminants, especially in densely Bromo Diphenyl Ethers and Short-Chain populated and industrialized areas, such as Chlorinated Paraffins, and emerging contaminants, Marseille, the second biggest city in France which i.e., 23 new Brominated Flame Retardants, houses harbour, industrial, recreational and Medium-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins and 16 domestic activities along the coastline. On the one Organo-Phosphate Esters. Patterns and levels of hand, the international regulatory frameworks of the contamination were compared between the 13 2000s aim at limiting pollutants release to preserve stations. Univariate and multivariate analyses were natural resources. Several contaminants have thus applied to identify correlations between been classified as persistent organic pollutants by geographical situation and contamination patterns. the Stockholm Convention (2001) and candidates Levels and patterns of pollution were also compared are regularly reviewed. Forty-five compounds or with biological metrics determined in P. oceanica group of molecules were listed as priority meadows and epiphytic assemblages. To our substances according to the European Water knowledge, this is the first screening of these Framework Directive [1]. Some of them, hardly emerging flame retardants on the French degradable, will remain in the environment many Mediterranean coast. years after their bans or limitations. They are of major concern since they are bioaccumulative and Acknowledgements present toxic activities, such as endocrine disruptive This work received support from the French or genotoxic/carcinogenic effects [2]. On the other government under the France 2030 investment plan, hand, the ban on the use of some substances led to as part of the Initiative d'Excellence d'Aix-Marseille the synthesis and production of an ever-increasing Université - A*MIDEX (AMX-19-IET-012). It was number of emerging chemicals that cannot be also funded by the LabEx DRIIHM, French regulated for now because of their unknown Programme “Investissements d’Avenir” (ANR-11- environmental impacts and fate, such as LABX-0010) which is managed by the French brominated, chlorinated and organophosphate ANR, under the Human-Environment Observatory plasticizers and flame retardants [3]. “Mediterranean coast” and Rhône river (OHM The aim of this study was to assess the impact Littoral Méditerranéen and Vallée du Rhône). induced by regulations and replacement with new chemicals on the quality state of the Mediterranean References coastline. Sediments, acting as a sink for long-term [1] Directive 2013/39/EU. JOUE n°L 226 du 24 août 2013. pollution, and suspended matter, revealing more [2] M. Iqbal, J. H. Syed, A. Katsoyiannis, …, K. C. Jones recent and localized inputs, were sampled. The (2017) Environmental Research, 152, 26-42. [3] Å. Bergman, A. Rydén, R.J. Law, …, I. Van der Veen thirteen coastal sampling stations included the (2012) Environment International, 49, 57-82. industrial/port area of Fos, the Blue Coast, Marseille Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 51 ORAL (#2) Photodegradation of Triclosan on the Kaolinite Surface: Aqueous Phase Photodegradation and Molecular Modelling of the Clay Surface Interactions C. Le Fur, F. Goujon, P. Wong Wah Chung, P. Malfreyt, M. Sarakha* (1) Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR CNRS 6296, 24 avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France *mohamed.sarakha@uca.fr Evolution of the ratio (Peak area of dimers / Initial peak area of TCS) with Snapshots of typical equilibrated configurations of a 12 TCS molecules the initial concentration of TCS for fixed degradation rates of TCS. deposited on the siloxane-like surface (a) and the gibbsite-like surface (b) of kaolinite. Chemicals such as pesticides can be introduced into obvious that several photophysical and/or the environment as a result of their application for photochemical processes as well as spectroscopic plant protection. Thus, the contamination of features will then be affected. groundwater, rivers, soils, and also atmosphere is an In the present work, the photodegradation of inevitable effect of their application. The negative triclosan was investigated at the surface of kaolinite ecological consequences related to these surface. The quantum yield was evaluated and the contaminants are often assigned to their residence photoproducts identified showing that the time and bioavailability. Owing to these photodegradation is completely different from that environmental effects, there is an increase of the obtained in aqueous solution. The formation of research activities toward the methods which could dioxin derivatives, in particular, was shown to occur help in the study of the fate and also the elimination with a higher quantum efficiency when compared to of such substrates. In recent years, various methods aqueous solution. This suggests that TCS has an for water or air purification as well as soil interaction with the clay that modifies its decontamination have been developed including photoreactivity. Moreover, it has also been shown chemical, electrochemical, or photochemical that at concentration >1 µmol/L, an increase in the processes. In several cases, sunlight degradation TCS concentration in the kaolinite plate may represent one of the main destructive pathways significantly decreases the photodegradation rate for pesticides. Since several kinds of these constant and promotes the formation of dimer-type contaminants present absorption spectra with a non- photoproducts. This suggests that the distribution of negligible overlap with that of solar light, an Triclosan is clearly not homogeneous at the clay inexhaustible source, the photochemical process surface, and the formation of aggregates is more becomes of great interest. Thus, they can easily likely occurring. In order to get a better insight into undergo photochemical transformation upon this specific interaction, a molecular dynamic exposure to the solar light by direct absorption. This modelling of TCS adsorption on the surface of also leads to the formation of various by-products kaolinite was carried out. This clearly shows that, at that can be more harmful than the parent compound. equilibrium, TCS binds to kaolinite surface by In the case where the contaminants do not absorb hydrogen bonds involving the phenol function of solar light, they may still undergo TCS to the hydroxyl groups of the kaolinite surface. phototransformation through indirect reactions. Such behaviour confers a particular conformation to These processes photochemical processes may the adsorbed TCS that is different from that occur in aqueous solutions, in the atmosphere and at obtained in water, and which may partly explain the the surface of soils. The latter medium can be difference in the photochemical reactivity. In considered as an ultimate reservoir for pesticides addition, several TCS molecules appear to interact whether they are applied directly or received with each other through π-stacking phenomenon indirectly from spray drift and residues of treated while retaining this hydrogen bond with the sites. Since soil support is a highly heterogeneous kaolinite surface. This leads to clusters formation on and unmixed medium compared with solution, it is the clay surface. Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 52 ORAL (#2) Fenton and Fenton-like Processes for the Removal of Emerging and Recalcitrant Contaminants from Wastewater D. Vione*, M. Minella, F. Sordello Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy *davide.vione@unito.it H2 H O 2 2 O •OH The classic Fenton process involves reaction Fenton elimination of pharmaceuticals ( e.g. , between Fe2+ and H2O2, to yield the hydroxyl ibuprofen [3]), including antibiotics (cefazolin, radical, •OH. The reaction is actually thought to imipenem, and vancomycin [4]) from urban produce other oxidising species alongside •OH, wastewater at pH 5-6 requires multiple additions of such as ferryl (FeO2+), which is a less powerful both ZVI and H2O2. oxidant than the hydroxyl radical, and is In the case of H2O2, we have found that an preferentially formed at neutral pH, or in the interesting alternative to multiple additions is presence of organic ligands [1]: continuous electrochemical generation upon Fe2+ + H reduction of O2 in air, bubbled in the 2O2 → FeOH2+ + •OH (or) → FeO2+ + H electrochemical reactor. The optimal H2O2/nZVI 2O Several alternatives to classic Fenton have been ratio is obtained by regulating cathodic potential, as proposed over time, which entail replacement of well as its form (galvanostatic vs. square-wave). one or both of the Fenton reagents. Fe(II) salts can Interestingly, in addition to removing pollutants, be replaced by Fe-organic complexes, such as the nZVI-Fenton is also able to inactivate pathogenic Collin’s reagent, or with Fe-containing solids, such bacteria that typically occur in urban wastewater, by as magnetite, titanomagnetites, or metallic Fe. In a combination of acidic pH, occurrence of H2O2, particular, nanometric zero-valent iron (nZVI) has and of traces of dissolved iron. shown excellent stability and Fenton performance, also at pH 5-6 where classic Fenton usually under- Acknowledgements performs, compared to its optimum pH value (3-3.5) DV acknowledges financial support from [1]. Alternatives to H Compagnia di San Paolo (project 2O2 have also been investigated, including for instance persulfate, ABATEPHARM). sulfite, and metabisulfite. In these cases, different References reactive species are produced ( e.g. , SO •− 4 instead of • [1] M.H. Zhang, H. Dong, L. Zhao, D.X. Wang, D. Meng OH), which are more selective, although usually D (2019) Science of the Total Environment, 670, 110-121. less reactive than the hydroxyl radical [2]. [2] E. Domingues, M.J. Silva, T. Vaz, J. Gomes, R.C. In the framework of nZVI-Fenton (nZVI + H2O2), Martins (2022) Science of the Total Environment, 832, we have shown that both reagents can produce and 155029. scavenge •OH. Therefore, an excess of either nZVI [3] F. Furia, M. Minella, F. Gosetti, F. Turci, R. Sabatino, or H A. Di Cesare, G. Corno, D. Vione (2021) Chemosphere, 2O2 is detrimental to water treatment. Effective pollutant elimination may thus require addition of 283, 131170. [4] M. Minella, S. Bertinetti, K. Hanna, C. Minero, D. nZVI and/or H2O2 in multiple aliquots during the Vione (2019) Environmental Research, 179, 108750. reaction, to avoid the occurrence of excessive loading/concentration values at any time point, which would produce unwanted scavenging of reactive species. For instance, effective nZVI- Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 53 ORAL (#2) Reactivity and Photodegradation Mechanism of Metazachlor in Aqueous Phase: Determination of the Rate Constants and Identification of the Main Photoproducts M. Mailhot1, M. Sarakha1, M. Brigante1, F. Louis2, G. Mailhot1,* (1) Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR CNRS 6296, 24 avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178 Aubière Cedex, France, (2) Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522, Physico-Chimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère – PC2A, F-59000 Lille, France *gilles.mailhot@uca.fr With the growth of the agri-food industry, the use [2]. These processes are based on the generation of of pesticides has become increasingly important in oxidising radicals, mainly hydroxyl radicals and agricultural practices in recent decades. As a result, sulphate radicals. These radicals demonstrated a pesticide pollution of surface and groundwater is real efficiency for the degradation of micro- now a global environmental issue. Metazachlor pollutants [3]. (MTZ), belonging to the group of organochlorine In this work we focused our efforts on the pesticides, is a common pre-emergence herbicide determination of the rate constants of these radicals based on chloroacetamide. It is frequently used to on MTZ. The constants with hydroxyl and sulphate control grasses and certain weeds in oilseed rape, radicals have determined for the first time. But our soybeans, potatoes and other crops. work was also especially focused on MTZ MTZ is one of the pollutants whose degradation and the identification of the by- concentrations exceeded the quality limit more than products to establish a reaction scheme during its 10 times in 2014 and 2015 in water intended for transformation in different kind of AOPs. This part human consumption in France and other countries is important to control the toxicity of the solution [1]. In general, pesticides and their residues can during the processes. leach from the surface of soils or plants and end up in surface water. They can also migrate from Acknowledgements agricultural soils to deeper soils or to groundwater, This work was supported by the “Federation des where they can remain for a long time because of Recherches en Environnement” through the CPER their non-degradable properties. Therefore, these “Environnement” founded by the “Région chemical compounds will be able to cause various Auvergne,” the French Government and FEDER serious problems, even at very low doses. Due to its from European community. properties and thus its toxicity, metazachlor, like many other pesticides, belongs to the large group of References endocrine disruptors. Even though many of these [1] P. Karier, G. Kraus, I. Kolber (2017) Environmental compounds pass through wastewater treatment Sciences Europe, 29:25, 1-8. plants, which are not really designed to remove [2] C. Dong, W. Fang, Q. Yi, J. Zhang (2022) Chemosphere, 308, 136205. these contaminants, they will not be degraded and [3] D. Kanakaraju, B. D. Glass, M. Oelgemöller (2018) therefore many of them reach surface waters Journal of Environmental Management, 219, 189-207. unchanged. [4] X. Wang, W. Dong, M. Brigante, G. Mailhot (2019) To address this issue, many groups around the Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 245, 271-278. world are working on advanced oxidation processes Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 54 ORAL (#2) HPLC-HRMS Determination in Water Environment of Anticancer Drugs Subjected to Heterogenous Photocatalysis Mediated by Semi-Conductor F. Dal Bello1,*, P. Calza2, C. Medana1 (1) University of Turin, Dep. of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Via P. Giuria 5, Turin, Italy (2) University of Turin, Dep. of Chemistry, Via P. Giuria 5, Turin, Italy *federica.dalbello@unito.it Anticancer drugs are considered pseudo- for positive ESI ionization mode and the other using persistent pollutants for the water environmental ammonium acetate 0.1 mM and methanol for compartments due to their continuous emission in negative ESI ionization mode. A high resolution water bodies (lakes, rivers and reservoirs). Many mass analyser LTQ orbitrap was used with a sources contribute to the bioaccumulation of the resolution of 30k in a full mass range between 50 drugs, from human activities to hospital waste, and and 700 m/z. Tandem MS events of antineoplastic a profound investigation of their residues and of drugs and TPs were acquired in CID activation type their transformation products (TPs) fate is with different collision energy depending on the mandatory now more than even. molecules, with a resolution of 30K. Here we present a HPLC-HRMS method With the developed HPLC-HRMS method we developed to identify, characterized and semi- recognized and tentatively assigned the structures of quantify the TPs of three anticancer drugs subjected 7 TPs for CYC, 5 TPs for 5FU and 1 TPs for OXA. to heterogenous photocatalysis mediated by Finally, the developed analytical method was titanium dioxide. The considered drugs were successfully applied to real environmental water cyclophosphamide (CYC), an alkylating agent, 5- samples coming from nine sampling sited of Po fluorouracil (5FU), an antimetabolites and River. The water samples were pre-treated with a nucleoside analogous, and oxaliplatin (OXA) an Solid Phase Extraction procedure to concentrate the organometallic complex. amount of the analytes and then analysed. We found Heterogenous photocatalysis mediated by TiO2 is the presence of CYC in four site points at level of frequently employed to simulate oxidation, or ppb. others chemical transformations, of a molecule [1,2]. After photodegradation and References oxidative/reductive processes [3], more polar [1] O. Porcar-Santos, A. Cruz-Alcalde, N. López-Vinent, molecules were formed, and HPLC-(HR)MS D. Zanganas, C. Sans (2020) Science of the Total analysis is the most suitable technique to detect Environment, 736, 139605 [2] F. Dal Bello, E. Mecarelli, R. Aigotti, E. Davoli, P. them. Calza, C. Medana (2022) Journal of Environmental The irradiation experiments were performed Management, 308, 114573. using a Philips (Monza, Italy) TLK/05 lamp (40 [3] M. Zhu, L. Ma, D. Zhang, K. Ray, W. Zhao, W.G. W/m2) with maximum emission at 340 nm at Humphreys, G. Skiles, M. Sanders, H. Zhang (2006) Drug different time points (0-5-15-30-60-240 minutes for metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of CYC and OXA, and 0-1-3-5-7-10-15 minutes for chemicals, 34(10), 1722–1733. 5FU). HPLC separation of the antineoplastic drugs and of the TPs was achieved using a Phenomenex Sinergy RP-18 150×2 mm, 4 μm. Two chromatogram gradient ramps were developed: the first using 0.05% aqueous formic acid and methanol Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 55 ORAL (#2) Photocatalytic Removal of Nine Pesticides by Graphitic Carbon Nitride Coated Recycled Glass Beads and Economical UV-A 365 nm LEDs I. Menezes1,*, C.J. Pestana1, B. Petrie1, C. Edwards1, L.A. Lawton1 (1) Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Road, AB10 7GJ, Aberdeen, United Kingdom *i.de-menezes-castro@rgu.ac.uk Although pesticide use is necessary to increase were tested on the photocatalytic removal of nine food production and to promote agricultural individual pesticides (5 mg L-1 in artificial fresh efficiency, it has led to contamination of the water; acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, environment due to stability, mobility and long- thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, diuron, atrazine, term effects of pesticides on other organisms [1,2]. dimethoate and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). Conventional water treatment can be ineffective for Pesticide concentration was determined by high- the removal of dissolved pesticides [3], therefore, it performance liquid chromatography coupled to is necessary to evaluate complementary photo diode array detector (HPLC-PDA). Most technologies that can be applied in-situ to remove pesticides were completely removed within 24 these contaminants prior to the treatment plant or hours of treatment (e.g., diuron with rate constant before discharge into the environment. k=0.0041 min-1 and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid Photocatalysis is an advanced oxidation process that k=0.0053 min-1), however, other pesticides can be used for the removal of pesticides, however, presented slower degradation rate (e.g., acetamiprid the removal of the powdered catalyst following the with rate constant k=0.0004 min-1). Photocatalysis treatment and the high costs associated with the based on g-C3N4 coated beads illuminated by UV- implementation of high energy-UV illumination A 365 nm LED irradiation was demonstrated to be represent challenges for in-situ application of a potential approach in the removal of pesticides photocatalysis [4,5]. from aquatic environments. In the current study, porous recycled glass beads were used as an immobilization matrix for coating Acknowledgements with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) or titanium The authors would like to thank the Scottish dioxide (TiO2). The catalysts were activated using Government’s Hydro Nation Scholar Programme (I. visible light or UV-A 365 nm in the format of Menezes) for funding this research. economical light emitting diodes (LEDs). The treatment efficiency of the systems was tested for References the photocatalytic removal of microcystin-LR (MC- [1] F.P. de Albuquerque, J.L. de Oliveira, V. Mischini- LR), which is a cyanotoxin that was used as a model Carlos, L.F. Fraceto (2020) Science of The Total compound. The most efficient system tested was g- Environment, 700, 134868. [2] M. Nasiri, H. Ahmadzadeh, A. Amiri (2020), TrAC - C3N4 coated beads illuminated by UV-A LEDs Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 123, 115772. (100% degradation over 60 minutes), followed by [3] R.M. de Souza, D. Seibert, H.B. Quesada, F.J. Bassetti, g-C3N4/TiO2 co-coated beads illuminated by UV-A M.R. Fagundes-Klen, R. Bergamasco (2020) Process LEDs (93% degradation over 180 minutes), TiO2 Safety and Environmental Protection, 135, 22-37. coated beads illuminated by UV-A LEDs (87% [4] C.J. Pestana, C. Edwards, R. Prabhu, P.K.J. Robertson, degradation over 180 minutes) and g-C3N4 coated L.A. Lawton (2015) Journal of Hazardous Materials, 300, beads illuminated by visible light LEDs with main 347-353. peak at 420 nm (no degradation over 180 minutes). [5] S. Chae, T. Noeiaghaei, Y. Oh, I.S. Kim, J. Park (2019) Water Research, 149, 42-431. UV-A 365 nm LEDs and g-C3N4 coated beads Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 56 ORAL (#2) Synergistic Action of UV Irradiation and Hydroxyl Radicals: Removal of Emerging Contaminant from Water P. Kumar1,*, S. Verma2, U. Lavrenčič Štangar1 (1) Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia (2) School of Energy & Environment, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala-147004, Punjab, India *Praveen.Kumar@fkkt.uni-lj.si *contact_author@email_address. Cyanobacteria or blue-green algae are the degradation of anatoxin-a was reduced to 28% in prokaryotic photoautrophic organisms. 40 of the the presence of carbonate ions (50 mg/L), and at 150 genera of cyanobacteria produce toxic higher concentrations of carbonate ions, the secondary metabolites. These toxic groups of degradation was completely inhibited. The secondary metabolites are known as cyanotoxins. concentration of anatoxin-a was significantly Cyanotoxins can be divided into three groups based lowered in the presence of dissolved organic matter on their chemical structure: cyclic peptides (DOC), showing the photosensitizing effect of (hepatotoxins), Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and humic acid on the direct photolysis of anatoxin-a. It alkaloids (neurotoxins). The different types of was also observed that the UV-C/H2O2 process neurotoxins produced by cyanobacteria are: increased the oxidation rate of anatoxin-a by 4.5 Homoanatoxin-a, Anatoxin-a, Saxitoxins and times compared to direct photolysis by UV-C LED, Anatoxin-a(s) [1,2]. resulting in 97% degradation of anatoxin-a. In the Anatoxin-a is a bicyclic secondary amine 2- lake water, anatoxin-a was 96% removed by acetyl-9-azabycyclo[4,2,1]non-2-ene and photolysis with UV-C radiation alone and 79% by synthesized by several strains of cyanobacteria, i.e., the UV-C/H2O2 process. The results showed a Cylindrospermum, Aphanizomenon, Anabaena decrease in acute toxicity of the treated samples, flos-aquae, Planktothrix, Microcystis and both after UV-C LED photolysis and after the UV- Oscillatoria. The toxicity of anatoxin-a is described C/H2O2 process. by the LD50 value, which is 200-250 μg/kg. Anatoxin-a exerts its toxicity to living organisms by Acknowledgements binding to acetylcholine receptors without being This work was supported by Slovenian Research degraded by acetylcholine sterase or any other Agency through the Research Programme (P1– enzyme. As a result, anatoxin-a is able to 0134) “Chemistry for Sustainable Development” overstimulate muscles, leading to death when and the Ministry of Education, Science and Sport, respiratory muscles are affected [3]. Slovenia (European Regional Development grant In the present study, the UV-C LED/H2O2 and C3330–19-952015) and research project N2–0188. UV-C LED photolysis treatment processes were investigated for the degradation of anatoxin-a. The References initial anatoxin-a concentration in the aqueous [1] S. Verma, S. Nakamura, M. Sillanpää (2016) Chemical solution was maintained at 1μM. During treatment Engineering Journal,284, 122-129. with UV-C alone, 50% degradation of anatoxin-a [2] S. Verma, M. Sillanpää (2015) Chemical Engineering Journal,274, 274-281. was achieved at a UV fluence of 4032 J/m2. The optimal reaction conditions were: Initial pH = 6.4, λ [3] B. Lévesque, M.C. Gervais, P. Chevalier, D. Gauvin, E. Anassour-Laouan-Sidi, S. Gingras, N. Fortin, G. = 260 nm, temperature = 24 °C, and distance from Brisson, C. Greer, D. Bird (2014) Science Total the water surface = 5 mm. The degradation of Environmental 466, 397-403 anatoxin-a followed first-order pseudokinetics. The Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 57 POSTER (#2) Presence of Microplastics in Natural and Drinking Waters by Py-GC-MS M. R. Boleda1, *, J. Dalmau-Soler1, S. Lacorte 2 (1) Aigües de Barcelona, Empresa Metropolitana de Gestió del Cicle Integral de l’Aigua. C/General Batet 1-7, Barcelona, Spain, (2) Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona, Spain *mboledav@aiguesdebarcelona.cat The consumption of plastics in Europe was 57.9 of Barcelona urban area, that provide drinking water million tonnes in 2019 and has increased to 3.000.000 inhabitants. progressively over the years. Today, the contamination derived from plastic represents a Acknowledgements global threat and a matter of political, social and Joan Dalmau-Soler acknowledges the support of health concern. Many studies have shown that Industrial Doctorates Plan of the University and microplastics are widely distributed in the Research Secretary of the Economy and Knowledge environment. Since most surface waters may be Department of the Generalitat de Catalunya. used as drinking water, the possible presence of Authors also are grateful to the colleagues from the microplastics in drinking water despite the Organic Chemistry department for their help and treatments applied in Drinking Water Treatment support. Plants (DWTPs), is a matter of concern [1,3]. However, the lack of standardized analytical References methods leads to a discrepancy of the results [1] J. Dalmau-Soler, R. Ballesteros-Cano, M. R. Boleda, between different studies. M. Paraira, N. Ferrer, S. Lacorte (2021) Environmental In the field of water policy, microplastics will be Science and Pollution Research, 28, 59462–59472. [2] Directive 2020/2184/EU; Official Journal of the included in the watch list of the future European European Union. L435/1, 23.12.2020. drinking water directive 2020/2184 [2] once a [3] J. Dalmau-Soler, R. Ballesteros-Cano, N. Ferrer, M. R. harmonised methodology has been adopted. Boleda, S. Lacorte. (2022) Water and Environment Thermoanalytical methods as pyrolysis-gas Journal, 36, 292-298. chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (Py- GC-MS) provides the identification and the mass quantification (in terms of µg) about the concentration of the microplastics. The objective of the present study is to develop a fast, quantitative, and validated routine analytical method based in Py-GC-MS, to determine the microplastics concentration in water samples. The developed analytical methodology was applied to determine the concentrations and the distribution of microplastics along the Llobregat river basin (which serves as source of drinking water in the Barcelona area (Catalonia, NE-Spain)), and throughout the drinking water supply network Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 58 POSTER (#2) Influence of Operating Parameters on the Efficiency of a Pilot-Scale Photocatalytic Reactor for Water Treatment Q. Jamil1,*, L. Matoh1, U. Lavrenčič Štangar1 (1) Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia *qasim.jamil@fkkt.uni-lj.si Heterogeneous photocatalysis has been coined as 97 % overall degradation of the contaminants in one a green water treatment method [1] because it is able flow was observed and reducing the light intensity to completely mineralize the contaminants of by half resulted in a 10-15 % decrease in overall emerging concerns with no toxic residues. The degradation. On the contrary, the TOC requirement of additional filtration processes limits concentration decreases up to a certain light the use of conventional photocatalytic reactors in intensity and tends to increase afterwards. This large-scale applications. These processes can be study presents the photoreactor with immobilized avoided by the immobilization of the photocatalyst catalyst as a potential solution for large-scale on a suitable support material [2]. (waste)water treatment. In the present work, a flow-through photoreactor with an immobilized photocatalyst was developed Acknowledgements and evaluated. The effects of operating parameters The authors acknowledge the financial support from such as light intensity, flow rate and contaminants the Slovenian Research Agency (research core have also been investigated. Commercially funding No. P1-0134 and project L7-1848). available Degussa P-25 titanium dioxide (TiO2) was deposited onto glass beads by solvent deposition References method, packed into columns connected in series [1] D. Wang, M.A. Mueses, J.A.C. Márquez, F. Machuca- and surrounded by LED lamps. The deposited Martínez, I. Grčić, R. P.M Moreira, G. Li Puma. (2021) photocatalytic material was characterized using X-Water Research, 202, 117421. [2] B. Žener, L. Matoh, P. Rodič, D. Škufca, E. Heath, U. ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron Lavrenčič Štangar. (2021) Journal of Environmental microscope (SEM) and specific surface area (BET). Chemical Engineering, 9, 106814. The effect of the operating parameters was evaluated by observing the degradation of the Plasmocorinth B dye solution using the UV-Vis spectrophotometer and selected pharmaceuticals such as ibuprofen, diclofenac and sulfamethoxazole using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in deionized and real wastewater treatment plant effluent at different flow rates under the illumination of varying light intensities. Total organic carbon (TOC) was measured in the resulting solutions to determine the rate of mineralization. It was found that the light intensity straightforwardly and the flow rate inversely affected the degradation of the parent compound. At lower flow rates, 87 to Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 59 POSTER (#2) Metal-Organic Framework Coated Portable 3D-printed Paddle Stirrer for Extraction of Chlorophenols, P-Nitrophenol and Bisphenol A in Biodigester and Wastewater Samples M.A. Vargas-Muñoz,*, C. Palomino, G. Turnes, E. Palacio University of the Balearic Islands, Cra. Valldemossa km 7.5, Palma de Mallorca, Spain *maavargasmu@gmail.com Phenols are a group of hazardous organic relative standard deviation obtained intraday and pollutants widely distributed in the environment. interday ranges between 1.2 and 5.1 %, and 4.5 and Phenols come from domestic, industrial, and 6.8 %, respectively. The accuracy, evaluated using agricultural activities, and include pharmaceuticals, spiked samples of wastewater effluent and dyes, pesticides, plastics and refinery products. biodigester supernatant, provided relative These compounds are highly persistent and recoveries in the range of 91.5 - 108.5 %. cumulative in the environment and represent a The device is capable of extracting both, low and carcinogenic risk to humans [1, 2]. Therefore, most high concentrations of phenols (87.7 – 100 %), and of them are classified as priority pollutants by the therefore also has potential for the removal of United States Environmental Protection Agency organic contaminants for wastewater remediation. (U.S. EPA) and European Union [3]. On a large scale, the device could also have a On the other hand, bisphenol A (BPA) is an positive performance for water purification. emerging pollutant and a well-known endocrine disruptor, coming from production of plastics. Acknowledgements In this work, we propose a portable, simple and The authors acknowledge financial support from low-cost paddle stirrer for solid-phase extraction of project PID2019-107604RB-I00 funded by phenols from wastewater samples. MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033. M.A.V-M. The device consists of a small 3D-printed paddle acknowledges the support from the Spanish stirrer attached to a small electric motor assembled Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities on the lid of a jar (sample reservoir) and powered (MCIU) for the pre-doctoral research fellowship by a portable battery. The paddles of the stirrer were (FPU19/06082). coated with metal-organic framework MIL- 100(Fe), to be used as adsorbent for the References simultaneous extraction and preconcentration of [1] K.A. Mohamad Said, A.F. Ismail, Z. Abdul Karim, phenols. This sampler can be applied for in-situ M.S. Abdullah, A. Hafeez (2021) Process Safety and extraction of the analytes, avoiding the transport of Environmental Protection, 151, 257–289. [2] N. Panigrahy, A. Priyadarshini, M.M. Sahoo, A.K. samples to the laboratory and allowing more Verma, A. Daverey, N.K. Sahoo (2022) Environ Technol accurate and precise results [4]. Only the extractive Innov. , 27. phases are taken for ultrasonic desorption before [3] European Commission, Directive 2013/39/EU priority analysis by HPLC-DAD. substances in the field of water policy, 2013. An exhaustive study of the effect of the stirring [4] J. Pawliszyn (2006) TrAC - Trends in Analytical and extraction parameters was carried out. Under Chemistry, 25, 633–634. optimum conditions, the detection limits were in the range from 0.3 to 1.7 μg L -1 and, the precision as Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 60 POSTER (#2) Residues of Drugs of Abuse: Treatment Efficiency, Environmental Occurrence and Risk Assessment T. Verovšek1,2, A. Šuštarič3, M. Laimou-Geraniou1,2, I. Krizman-Matasic4, H. Prosen3, T. Eleršek5, V. Kramarič Zidar6, V. Mislej6, B. Mišmaš6, M. Stražar7, M. Levstek7, B. Cimrmančič8, S. Lukšič8, N. Uranjek9, T. Kozlovič-Bobič10, T. Kosjek1,2, D. Kocman1, D. Heath1, E. Heath1,2,* (1) Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, (2) International Postgraduate School Jožef Stefan, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, (3) Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, (4) Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka c. 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, (5) National Institute of biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, (6) JP Vodovod Kanalizacija Snaga, d.o.o., Vodovodna cesta 90, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, (7) JP Central Wastewater Treatment Plant Domžale-Kamnik, d.o.o., Študljanska 91, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia, (8) Komunala Novo mesto, d.o.o., Podbevškova ulica 12, 8000 Novo mesto, Slovenia, (9) Komunalno podjetje Velenje, d.o.o., Koroška cesta 37/b, 3320 Velenje, Slovenia, (10) Marjetica Koper, d.o.o.-s.r.l., Ulica 15. maja 4, 6000 Koper, Slovenia *ester.heath@ijs.si Monitoring removal during wastewater treatment The REs were comparable between treatment and occurrence in the aquatic environment is technologies, except for the moving biofilm bed essential to understand the risk that drug residues reactor, whose efficiency in removing nicotine and pose to aquatic organisms. In this study, the cocaine residues was poorer. Accordingly, higher presence of 17 psychoactive drug residues in levels of those residues were also detected in the wastewater and receiving waters from six Slovene receiving river. Although variations in REs and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) differing in levels of drug residues in rivers were also observed, size and configuration are reported. Seasonal no general pattern was observed. variations in removal efficiencies (REs) are also Regarding ecotoxicity, no significant inhibition of explored together with an evaluation of their algal growth (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) was ecotoxicity in silico (Ecological Structure-Activity observed for the tested compounds spiked Relationships software, ECOSAR) and in vivo individually or in a mixture at 1 mg/L during the (algal growth inhibition test). exposure period (72h and 240 h), although effects Water samples were collected during spring, were predicted using ECOSAR. Moreover, an summer and winter. The analytes of interest (n=17) environmental risk assessment revealed that included licit drugs (tobacco and alcohol), nicotine, methadone residues, morphine, and 3,4- medications of abuse (codeine, methadone, methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) at morphine and ketamine), and illicit drugs (cannabis, determined levels in receiving rivers pose a risk to cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, ecstasy aquatic plants and animals. and heroin). The method used was based on solid- phase extraction (SPE), supported liquid extraction Acknowledgements (SLE) and liquid-liquid extraction with analysis This work was supported by the Slovenian Research using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem Agency (ARRS Program groups P1-0143, P1-0153 mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). and P1-0245, and Projects L1-9191 and N1-0143). Most residues were efficiently removed during wastewater treatment (>90%), while methadone residues were removed to a lower extent (<30%). Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 61 POSTER (#2) Sustainable Mining and Acid Mine Water Treatment N. Petronijević1, G. Jovanović1, M. Sokić1, A. Jovanović1,*, D. Radovanović2, Ž. Kamberović3, S. Stanković4 (1) Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, Bulevar Franš d’ Eperea street 86, Belgrade, Serbia, (2) Innovation Centre of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy Ltd., Belgrade 11000, Serbia, (3) Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia, (4) Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resouces, Hannover, Germany * a.jovanovic@itnms.ac.rs + + Neutralized AMD Ca(OH)2 safe for discharge AMD Flotation Tailing Shaking for Precipitation Continuous measuring of pH shample Fly ashes two hours for 7days and adding of Ca(OH)2 up to pH 10 The mining sector, nowadays, faces rising them a highly effective alternative material for challenges to find suitable practice that are neutralizing acid mine drainage and eliminating sustainable for already disposed waste streams metals, even better than results of neutralisation (AMD, flotation tailings and fly ash) [1]. There is a with NaOH, as conventional reagent. According to growing tendency globally to use waste from the findings the FJM and FA neutralization various industries to neutralize AMD, which has experiments precipitated more than 99 % of Al, Fe, both economic and environmental benefits. In and Cu, 90 % of Pb, and 92 % of Zn. Leaching of attempt to connect mining waste with concept of these metals from FJM and FA raises Cd and Mn sustainable development in the Republic of Serbia, concentrations. Additional treatment was several experiments were taken into consideration: undertaken using hydrated lime to boost the pH to neutralisation of AMD from Bor’s mine with a) 10 and so offer circumstances for its removal, in flotation tailings from copper mine Majdanpek order to reduce the concentration of Mn below the (FJM) b) fly ash (FA) from thermal power Nikola authorized limits by Serbian legislation. At the end, Tesla (EF) and Kostolac (KOST). All three samples as a result of utilizing alternative materials such as of alternative product are voluminous, hazardous FJM and two FA purified water, safe for release into waste products, difficult and expensive for safe the environment was obtained. In this way, deposition, causes environmental pollution (by resources are preserved for the future generation, spontaneous leaching of useful components, which and the treatment of already disposed amounts of causes additional investment in the rehabilitation of waste reduces the contamination of the that or reversibly lost compounds that pollutes the environment, the emission of toxic metals and the environment, or its dispersion by wind in formation of acidic mine waters. surrounding streams and groundwater resources of drinking water, air or soil and also degradation by Acknowledgements soil erosion) and can affects human health’s if are This investigation was funded by the Ministry of not regularly discharged. But its benefits are that Education, Science and Technological there are free of charge alkaline wastes, suitable to Development of the Republic of Serbia (Grants No. neutralize the AMD by altering pH, which leads to 451-03-68/2022-14/200023, 451-03-9/2022- precipitation of valuable metal which can be reused, 14/200214 and 451-03-9/2022-14/200135). such as Fe or Cu. The chemical and mineralogical composition of the initial samples of FJM and FA References was evaluated two standard leaching tests: TCLP [1] P. Kivikyto-Reponen et al., “Added value from and EN 12457-4, as well as Acid Neutralization responsible use of raw materials,” VTT Research Capacity test. These base materials were shown to Highlights 13, ISBN 978- 951-38-8498-7, 2016 have a large capacity to neutralize acid, making Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 62 POSTER (#2) Urban Water Quality Through Time in Paris, France: What can be Learned from CaCO3 Deposits Found in Undergrounds Structures E. Pons-Branchu1*, P. Branchu2, E. Dumont 2, M. Fernandez1, 3, A. Guillerme3, L. Bordier1, A. Dapoigny1, E. Douville1, G. Monvoisin4, A. Noret4, JL. Michelot4, L. Lestel5 (1) Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (2) CEREMA : TEAM - 12 Rue Teisserenc de Bort, 78197 TRAPPES-en-Yvelines Cedex, AND 58 rue Roger Salengros, 94120 Fontenay sous-bois, France (3) Laboratoire histoire des technosciences en société, EA3716, Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, 2 rue Conté 75003 Paris, France (4) UMR 8148 GEOPS CNRS-Université Paris Saclay, rue du Belvédère 91405 Orsay, France (5) UMR 7619 METIS Sorbonne Université -Faculté des sciences, 4 place Jussieu 75252, Paris, France *edwige.pons-branchu@lsce.ipsl.fr The European Water directive 2000/60/EC, 23 In this study, we will present the example of past October 2000 is focused on the protection of water reconstructions build for the north of the town bodies and the need to restore them to achieve good urbanized since the middle of the 19th century, and status. In urban zones, however, pre-urban state is the comparison with data obtained for the water very difficult to be defined for the surficial from the south of the town, less urbanized. groundwater. We developed a methodology to build diachronic views of chemical state of the water that Acknowledgements infiltrate the soils by studying CaCO3 layers The authors acknowledge Agence Nationale de la deposited from these waters. The studied Recherche (ANR 18 CE22 0009) and the Mairie de speleothems like deposits were found on historical Paris / Eau de Paris for funding and site access. The aqueducts, former quarries or undergrounds in Paris author are very grateful to ASNEP (Association and neighbourhoods (France). Source du Nord, Etude Protection) and their The first challenge was to build robust chronologies members. We are grateful to the Panoply analytical of these deposits. We used in some cases, uranium- platform. thorium or 14C chronology and/or laminae counting. References Some characteristics of past water quality was [1] E. Pons-Branchu, M. Roy-Barman, L. Jean-Soro, A. reconstructed using trace elements associated with Guillerme, P. Branchu, M. Fernandez, E. Dumont, E. isotopic analysis (lead and strontium), and in some Douville, J.L. Michelot, M.A. Phillips (2017) Science of the Total Environment, 579, 124–132. cases carbon isotopes. In this study, we underline that land use transformation is the most prominent factor affecting water quality, not only by the presence or absence of industries, but also by the use of some material for constructions or embankments (see [1], for the example of sulfur in water due to the use of gypsum). Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 63 POSTER (#2) Seasonal Distribution of Trace Metals in Heavily Industrialized Pula Bay, Croatia O. Grozdanić1,*, A.-M. Cindrić2, I. Finderle1, D. Omanović2 (1) Teaching Public Health Institute of Istrian Region, Nazorova 23, 52100 Pula, Croatia, (2) Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia *ozren.grozdanic@gmail.com Spatial distribution of dissolved Cu in below-surface layer in July 2021 Pula Bay, Istria, Croatia is a zone that has been entering the bay from the open sea. This is under strong anthropogenic influence for a long applicable both for the below-surface and above- period of time. This part of Istrian coast is at the sediment (bottom seawater layer) samples. The service of industry (shipyards, aluminous cement increase of dissolved Cd, Ni and Co concentrations factory, quarry), harbour transhipment, nautical in below-surface samples was small for 3 sampling marinas and defence, and until 2015 it was also the campaigns (factor up to 1.5), except for November final point of the Pula city’s wastewater drainage 2021 campaign, for which factor of increase was up system. to 2.5 (Cd). For other metals, the dissolved The subject of this research is seasonal concentration increased significantly, up to a factor distribution of trace metals in seawater of the Pula of 11 (Zn), 17 (Pb) and 5 (Cu). Similar factors were Bay. Research primarily focuses on ecotoxic metals found also in bottom seawater samples. Differences (Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni and Co). Of particular interest between the two depths are clearly seen in the case were the studies of polluted zones in the port area, of Pb (concentrations increase with depth) and Cu for which a significantly higher level of (concentrations decrease with depth) in all sampling concentration was expected compared to the seasons. Seasonal variations can also be observed: reference area of the coastal sea. maximum average concentration of total Pb for both Four sampling campaigns were carried out in the depths in autumn 2021 (0.525 µg/L) and the lowest Pula Bay during 2021 and 2022, corresponding to in winter 2022 (0.130 µg/L) can serve as an the four seasons: summer, autumn, winter and example. Repetitive high results of Zn spring. Samples were taken from two depths: below concentrations in the vicinity of Uljanik shipyard the surface (0.5 m) and at the bottom of water and the former wastewater drainage area indicate column (variable depth). Total metal concentrations the sources of pollution. and dissolved metal concentrations (after filtration DOC measurements show increment in the same using 0,22 µm pore filters) were determined using manner as metals with higher value on locations electroanalytical techniques: differential pulse closer to the open sea during autumn 2021 and anodic stripping voltammetry for Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu winter 2022. [1] and differential pulse adsorptive cathodic This data set represents the first insight into the stripping voltammetry for Ni and Co [2]. Samples status and sources of pollution in Pula Bay as well for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were also taken as a set of input data for metal speciation and for gaining more information on metal fractionation. fractionation. Vertical profiles of the main physic- chemical parameters were taken using the EXO2 References CTD probe (YSI, Xylem). High-temperature [1] D. Omanović, Ž. Kwokal, A. Goodwin, A. Lawrence, catalytic oxidation (HTCO) was used for DOC. C. E. Banks, R. G. Compton, Š. Komorsky-Lovrić (2006) General increase in both dissolved and total metal Journal of Iranian Chemical Society, 3, 128-139. [2] M. Vega, C. M. G. van den Berg (1997) Analytical concentrations can be observed for all trace metals Chemistry, 69, 874-881 Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 64 POSTER (#2) Accumulation of Macro- and Trace Elements in Amphipod Synurella ambulans from Hyporheic Zone of the Sava River, Croatia Z. Redžović1,*, M. Erk1, S. Gottstein,2, M. Cindrić1 (1) Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia, (2) Faculty of Science, Rooseveltov trg 6, Zagreb, Croatia *zuzana.redzovic@irb.hr The hyporheic zone (HZ) belongs to the local and tendency to accumulate in S. ambulans increased regional interstitial groundwater ecosystems and to with the relative atomic mass of the element. BAFs the most threatened aquatic environments. were generally higher at Medsave, with average Bioaccumulation monitoring allows us to gain values ranging from 165 to 19,534 L kg-1, and Cs insight into the bioavailability of the pollutants in with the highest BAF. It is considered that Cs is the environment and their biomagnification in the concentrated by crustaceans probably because of its food chain. The aim of this research was to evaluate chemical similarity to K, and it may derive from the the accumulation of macro- and trace elements in radioactive wastes in fresh water [1,2]. Cesium has stygophilous amphipod Synurella ambulans which the potential to biomagnify with increasing trophic inhabits HZ of the Sava River in Croatia. levels in aquatic food webs [3]. Also, it has been Concentrations of 12 elements (As, Ba, Cs, Rb, Se, shown that Cs had an impact on the neuromuscular Sr, Tl, V, Ca, K, Mg, and Na) in interstitial water system by increasing the amplitude of excitatory and in amphipods were measured by high resolution postsynaptic potentials [4]. inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The Biomonitoring of HZ is crucial for protection and study was conducted in the middle section of the conservation of these generally little-considered Sava River at two study sites: 1) Medsave – located groundwater connected ecosystems. These are the about 3 km upstream from the wastewater outlet of first results on concentrations of presented elements the city of Zaprešić and 2) Jarun – located about 13 in S. ambulans and as such are essential for km downstream from this wastewater outlet and assessing point source of water pollution and global within the Zagreb City area, during the 4 seasons: evaluation of groundwater ecological quality. winter 2018, spring, summer, and autumn 2019. At both sampling sites the increasing order of Acknowledgements metals in S. ambulans was as follows: Tl < Cs < V The financial support of the European Regional < As < Se < Rb < Ba < Sr < Mg < Na < K < Ca. In Development Fund for the Qua/Qua Protein project interstitial water, metals at both sampling sites had (KK.01.1.1.07.0023) and of Croatian Science similar increasing order as in S. ambulans and the Foundation for the AQUAMAPMET project (IP- concentration ranges were the following: < 0.1 µg 2014-09-4255) are acknowledged. We are grateful L-1 (Cs, Tl), < 1 µg L-1 (As, Se, V), 1 - 5 µg L-1 (Rb), to Mr. Ivica Barač for his great help in the field work > 10 µg L-1 (Ba) and > 100 µg L-1 (Sr). In general, and Dr.Sc. Zrinka Dragun for ICP-MS analyses. higher metal accumulation was observed for Rb, Se, References Tl, K, and Na in S. ambulans specimens from the [1] G. Bryan, E. Ward (1962) Journal of the Marine Medsave site and for As, Ba, Cs, V, Ca, and Mg Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 42, 199-from the Jarun site in all studied seasons. 241. Comparison between chemically similar alkali and [2] G. Bryan (1963) Journal of the Marine Biological alkaline earth macro- and trace elements in Association of the United Kingdom, 43, 519-539. S. ambulans showed that bioaccumulation factors [3] K. Pan, W.-X. Wang (2016) Chemosphere, 163, 499- (BAFs) increase in the following order: Mg < Na < 507. Ba ≈ Sr < Ca < K < Rb < Cs. In this case, the [4] H. L. Atwood, F. Lang (1973) Journal of General Physiology, 61, 747-66. Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 65 POSTER (#2) Chromatographic and Spectrophotometric Investigation of V(V) Interaction with Biologically Important Thiols L. Knežević1,*, E. Bura-Nakić1 (1) Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia * lknezev@irb.hr Vanadium(V) interaction with sulphur containing suggest that the reaction of vanadate (+V)-thioester ligands is still a matter of great relevance in better formation is proton catalysed. understanding of V chemical behaviour in environmental and biological mediums [1]. Sulphur Acknowledgements containing ligands are found in active enzyme sites Research within this work was fully funded by the and depletion of thiol compounds due to the Croatian Science Foundation, project IP-2018-01- complexation with V(V) can lead to damage of cell 7813, “REDOX”. membranes [2]. On the other hand, complexation mechanism of V(V) with thiol compounds that can References possibly lead to its reduction to V(IV), can be [1] H. Nekola, D. Wang, C. Gruning, J. Ga1tjens, A. important mechanism of V(V) decreased toxicity in Behrens, D. Rehder (2002) Inorganic Chemistry, 41, 2379-2384. biological or environmental mediums [3]. [2] X. Shi, X. Sun, N.S. Dalal (1990) FEBS Letters, 271, The reduction of vanadate(V) in the presence of 185-188. different thiol ligands (L-Cysteine, thiol- acetic acid [3] J. P. Gustafsson (2019) Applied Geochemistry, 102, 1-and ethanethiol) has been studied using 25. chromatographic method for the determination of V(V) and V(IV) species in aqueous model solutions. Kinetic chromatographic measurements were carried out using anion-exchange column with UV-Vis detection. Prior to stated measurements, EDTA was added in each sample with the goal of terminating further reduction of V(V) and allowing V redox speciation based on the ligand exchange reaction. Additionally, absorbance studies of sample solutions without addition of EDTA was conducted to identify formation of intermediate species over reaction course. Observed strong pH dependence of the reduction rates further underlines the complexity of such reactions due to the rich V(V) aquatic chemistry and changes in the ionic forms of studied thiol compounds. The V(V) reduction is observed to proceed in following steps: i) formation of the intermediate V(V)-thioester species ii) reduction of V(V) and formation of V(IV)-thiol complexes. Obtained results strongly Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 66 POSTER (#2) Development of Reliable Analytical Methods for the Monitoring of Emerging Pollutants’ Removal by Advanced Oxidation Processes J. Račić1, B. N. Malinović2, A. Žgajnar Gotvajn1, J. Derco3, H. Prosen1,* (1) Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, Ljubljana, Slovenia, (2) Faculty of Technology, University of Banja Luka, Stepe Stepanovića 73, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina, (3) Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic *helena.prosen@fkkt.uni-lj.si One of the biggest problems we face today is Electrooxidation experiments were performed by water pollution. Water is being constantly polluted using different anode materials and various through the discharge of industrial wastewater into electrolytes. Ozonation was accomplished at the surface waters and thus spreading hazardous different ozone doses in bubble column batch chemicals. Even though some of these pollutants are reactor. The efficiency of these processes was undergoing various regulations and are closely monitored by newly developed analytical methods. monitored in the environment, by the year 2019 HPLC-DAD method was used to follow there were over 1036 chemicals that were classified benzotriazoles degradation and electrooxidation by- as emerging pollutants (EP). These are pollutants products were determined by LC-MS. To monitor that are not yet monitored and thus their alkylphenols’ degradation by ozonation, both ecotoxicological effects as well as their behavior HPLC-DAD method and a more selective and and fate in the environment are often not well sensitive GC-MS method was developed. understood [1]. For this reason, new selective and Analytical methods’ development and parameters, sensitive analytical methods need to be developed as well as results of degradation experiments are for their monitoring as well as new methods for their presented. removal from wastewaters to prevent their occurrence in environmental compartments. Acknowledgements The aim of our work was to develop new reliable This work was supported by research Grants P1- analytical methods for the determination of two 0153 and P2-0191 (Slovenian Research Agency, important groups of EPs in wastewaters, surface Slovenia). Photo: courtesy of dr. Matej Čehovin. waters and underground waters: benzotriazoles and alkylphenols. Polar benzotriazoles are water- References soluble EPs that are known to exhibit chronic [1] I. Haddaoui, J. Mateo-Sagasta (2021) Environmental toxicity for some aquatic organisms [2]. Science and Pollution Research, 28, 68090–68110.X. Alkylphenols are frequently encountered residues [2] J. S. Cornell, D. Pillard, M. T. Hernandez (2000) Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 19(6), 1465 - of nonionic surfactants and are confirmed as 1472. endocrine disruptors in humans and animals. They [3] G. Crini. C. Cosentino, C. Bradu, M. Fourmentin, G. are also acutely toxic for some aquatic organisms Torri, O. Ruzimuradov, I. A. Alaton, M. C. Tomei, J. [3]. Ozonation and electrooxidation as examples of Derco, M. Barhoumi, H. Prosen, B. N. Malinović, M. effective advanced oxidation processes were Vrabeľ, M. M. Huq, J. Soltan, E. Lichtfouse, N. selected to treat model wastewater containing Morin‑Crini (2022) Environmental Chemistry Letters, 20, selected above-mentioned pollutants. 2597 – 2628. Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 67 POSTER (#2) The Removal of Thiophanate-Methyl Using Novely Synthesized Catalysts CeO2-P25 Under Simulated Sunlight: Structural Characterisation and Photocatalytic Activity A. Jovanović1, *, M. Stevanović2, M. Bugarčić1, M. Sokić1, A. Tomašević2, A. Marinković3 (1) Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, Bulevar Franš d’ Eperea street 86, Belgrade, Serbia, (2) Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Banatska 31b, Belgrade, Serbia, (3) Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade, Serbia * a.jovanovic@itnms.ac.rs Environmental pollution by wastewater concentration in the reaction system was based on represents one of the greatest challenges nowadays. the decrease in absorbance using a Shimadzu 1800 The solution for this issue requires implementation UV spectrophotometer. of novel treatment methods. Therefore, enhanced Results of textural and structural analyses prove techniques so-called Advanced oxidation processes decoration of P25 surface with particles of cerium (AOPs) are gaining increasing attention. (IV) oxide uniformly. Synthesised nanocatalyst Photocatalysis is a process based on the use of CeO2-P25 has lower band gap energy (2.90 eV) then different types of irradiations on a pollutants P25 (3.30 eV). adhered on a catalyst, driven by formation of The optimal experimental conditions were radicals and oxidative species on the catalyst obtained using 0.07 g/L of CeO2-P25 and 5 mg/L of surface. Modern agricultural practice relies on use TPM solution. Degradation reaction rate follows of different classes of pesticides, and to its, often, pseudo-first order law. Complete degradation was uncontrolled and excessive use. It leads to their performed after 120 min. In experiments with TiO2 widespread in the environment, with frequent P25 catalyst (Degussa) degradation time was 240 detection in waterbodies and soil. Thiophanate- min. Hence, it can be concluded that the synthesized methyl (TPM) is benzimidazole fungicide, used in CeO2-P25 catalyst has better performance. control of diverse groups of phytopatogenic fungus [1]. Acknowledgements Specifically efficient and economically viable This investigation was funded by the Ministry of catalysts are TiO2-based. Multiphase catalysts Education, Science and Technological showed better results in the degradation of various Development of the Republic of Serbia (Grants No. pollutants, so TiO2 P25 (Degussa) was used as a 451-03-68/2022-14/200023, 451-03-9/2022- material that boosts photocatalytic decomposition. 14/200214 and 451-03-9/2022-14/200135). In order to advance and fasten the reaction, the surface of TiO2 P25 was decorated with cerium (IV) References oxide [2]. Surface and photochemical properties of [1] G. Sharma et al. (2018) Int. J. Biol. Macromol. , 114, newly obtained material are characterised by 295–305. HR - TEM, HAADF - STEM; FTIR and UV - DRS [2] T. M. Wandre et al. (2016) J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. , 27(1), 825–833. methods. In this study, the photocatalytic degradation of thiophanate-methyl (TPM) in the presence of CeO2 - P25 was investigated. Different experimental conditions were varied, such as the concentration of the pesticide solution and the mass of the catalyst. Monitoring of the pesticide Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 68 POSTER (#2) Optimization of Materials on a Graphite Glass Composite Thick Film Working Electrode for Voltammetric Detection of Neonicotinoids M. Dekleva1,*, E. Gričar1, G. Marolt1, M. Kolar1, B. Genorio1, B. Repič2, D. Kuščer 2, D. Belavič2, K. Makarovič2, M. Jerlah2, H. Prosen1 (1) Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia, (2) Electronic Ceramics Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia *md2207@student.uni-lj.si Neonicotinoids (NNIs) are synthetic systemic optimized. Dispersions of heat-treated graphene pesticides with selective activity on acetylcholine oxide (htGO), several metal oxide microparticles receptors of insects. Due to their widespread use, and Nafion were prepared in different volume NNIs have been detected in soils, waters and some ratios. Dispersion of htGO (1 mg/mL):MnO2 (1 foods, which may pose environmental and health mg/mL):Nafion in volume ratio 6:3:1 proved to be risks. As established chromatographic methods for optimal for the determination of thiamethoxam and the determination of these insecticides have long clothianidin, whereas dispersion of htGO (1 procedure time, high price and use large amounts of mg/mL):Mn2O3 (1 mg/mL):Nafion in volume ratio solvents, a lot of recent research has been focused 6:3:1 proved to be optimal for the determination of on fast and selective electrochemical sensor imidacloprid. Dispersions were used for the development. Usually, an improved modification of the TES working electrode. electrochemical response is achieved by modifying Modified electrodes were used to determine the the surface of working electrode [1,2]. concentration of imidacloprid, clothianidin and In this work, we address the characterization of thiamethoxam in model solutions, using square- graphite-glass (GGE) working electrode, as well as wave voltammetry (SWV). For the selected optimization of materials for the modification of its pesticides, we achieved good reproducibility over a surface. GGE was prepared with 100:0, 90:10, wide linear range with detection limits of 2.68 – 75:25, and 50:50 weight ratios of graphite:glass. 4.40 mg/L. The electrochemical response of the GGE was Future research will be focused on optimising the studied by cyclic voltammetry in a phosphate buffer deposit modification, while using smaller sized solution (pH = 7.4) using equimolar concentration particles with the aim of achieving higher current of potassium hexacyanidoferrate(II)/(III) (HCF). response relative to the background, as well as Commercially available Ag/AgCl (3 M KCl) testing of prepared electrodes on other NNIs. reference and platinum sheet counter electrodes were used for the measurement. According to Acknowledgements characterisation results, the GGE with 75:25 weight This work was supported by Slovenian Research ratio proved to be optimal for further development Agency (ARRS), grant number J2-3049. and three-electrode electrochemical test structures (TES) were prepared on alumina substrate using References commercial Pt and Ag pastes for processing counter [1] J. Ganesamurthi, M. Keerthi, S.M. Chen, R. and reference electrodes, respectively, and GGE Shanmugam (2020) Ecotoxicology and Environmental with 75:25 weight ratio for working electrode. Safety, 189, 110035. [2] S. Srinivasan, N. Nesakumar, J.B.B. Rayappan, A.J. Simultaneously, using a commercially available Kulandaiswamy (2020) Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE), materials 104, 449 - 454. for the modification of the working electrode were Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 69 POSTER (#2) Monitoring of Pesticides in Water Bodies from the Agricultural Region of South Banat District in Serbia N. Zaric1,*, Lj. Stanisavljevic1, M. Zaric2,3 (1) University of Belgrade – Faculty of Biologyy, Studentski trg 12, Belgrade, Serbia (2) Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoseva 12, Belgrade, Serbia, (3) Centre of Excellence in Environmental Chemistry and Engineering – ICTM, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia *nenad.zaric@bio.bg.ac.rs Pesticides are widely used in agriculture to protect vacuum. The analytes were eluted with ethyl acetate crops against weed fungi and insect. Respectively / dichloromethane. Extracts were evaporated to they are divided into herbicides, fungicide and dryness under a gentle stream of nitrogen. Befor insecticides. Although they are very useful for analysis the extracts were reconstituted with protection of plants pesticides and their metabolites methanol. can be toxic to humans and animals. The analysis was performed on a TSQ Quantis™ When used on crops pesticides are spread Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer. A throughout the environment. They can enter calibration curve was made with 283 pesticides. groundwater or they can be washed with rain and Around 90 % of pesticides were not detected in enter rivers or lakes in the vicinity of agricultural water samples that were analyzed. Still water land. (lakes) had much more consistent presence of Considering that they can be toxic it is very pesticides compared to running water. The important to monitor their presence in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of pesticides environment. Monitoring water for the presence of varied a lot in running water. This was expected pesticides is a priority considering that it is essential because the samples were taken only once a month, for all living organisms. In addition, we use and the water in rivers changes each time the organisms from water as food (fish). samples were taken. The aim of this study was to monitor pesticides in water bodies in an agricultural district of South Acknowledgements Banat in Vojvodina, Serbia. This work was made possible through Interreg IPA Water was collected from running water bodies CBC Romania – Serbia Programme, project RORS (rivers), still water bodies (lakes) and underground – 279 “Cross-border network for education and water (wells). The sampling took place every month research of natural resources”. for a period of one year. Water was collected into clean plastic battles and was kept in the freezer at - 20°C until analysis. Before preparation all water samples were defrosted at room temperature. Pesticides were extracted using Solid phase extraction (SPE). C18 disks were preconditioned with 10 mL of acetone, 10 mL of ethyl acetate, 10 mL of methanol and 10 mL of water. Before the disk were dry the water samples were passed through the SPE disk using a vacuum manifold. Once the total sample is percolated, the disks were rinsed with 2 × 5 mL of deionized water. The disks were dried under Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 70 POSTER (#2) The Use of an Algal Micriobiotest to Assess the Toxicity of Degradation Products after Herbicide Photocatalysis D. Josefova1,*, K. Hrda1 (1) University of Pardubice, Studentska, Pardubice, Czech Republic *dominika.josefova@student.upce.cz Herbicides are an integral part of modern media, but above all limits the required amount of agricultural practices, and are used intensively to test sample. The test makes it possible to monitor prevent, destroy, or mitigate undesirable vegetation, not only the inhibitory (toxic) effects of substances, and their use has been increasing continuously over but also the stimulating effects, so-called trophic the past decades [1–3]. Unfortunately, the benefits level. Due to the rapid growth of algae, it is possible generated by their use are accompanied by several to observe, in addition to the acute action, also the negative effects on human health and the chronic effects of the tested substances (even for environment [4,5]. The extensive use of herbicides more than 96 hours). leads to soil and water contamination that is The toxicity of the chloroacetanilide herbicides primarily due to agricultural runoff [2,3]. The alachlor, acetochlor, and metolachlor to the presence of herbicides in aquatic ecosystems is freshwater alga Chlorella kessleri was investigated concerning, as they can affect several levels of via a algal micribiotest. After 72 h of exposure, the biological organization, from the molecular to the growth inhibition increased with the increasing ecosystem level [6]. Systematic and selective concentration of herbicides in the exposure chloroacetanilide herbicides represent one of the medium. The results of toxicity testing in our study major classes of herbicides that are applied showed that Chlorella kessleri was the most worldwide in the agricultural sector to control vulnerable to the alachlor (14.07 µg/L), then to broadleaf weeds and annual grasses for crops such acetochlor (19.13 µg/L), and, in the presence of as corn, soybeans, sorghum, cotton, sugar beet, or metolachlor, toxicity was an order of magnitude sunflower [1,7,8]. lower (115.10 µg/L). Our results showed that all Algae are the primary producers and the first level herbicides were highly toxic to the freshwater alga of the aquatic food chain. Therefore, any effect on Chlorella kessleri. algae will influence higher trophic levels. Although The toxicity of the resulting mixtures of herbicides were generally designed to be toxic only herbicides and their photocatalysis degradation to particular groups of organisms, nowadays there products increased or remained the same as that of is undeniable evidence that herbicides, including the initial herbicide solutions. chloroacetanilides, are not specific to their main target (weeds). As a result, chloroacetanilide References herbicides can have considerable adverse effects on [1] S.S. Mohanty, H.M. Jena (2019) J. Water Process. other aquatic non-target organisms and, in Eng., 31, 100860. particular, on algae due to their similarity to plants, [2] T. Huang, Y. Huang, Y. Huang, Y. Yang, Y. Zhao, C.J. Martyniuk (2020) Chemosphere, 243, 125345. since both have the photosynthetic capacity [3] M.D. Machado, E.V. Soares, (2021) Ecotoxicol. [3,5,6,9]. In view of this fact, the freshwater alga Environ. Saf., 207, 111264. Chlorella kessleri was chosen as a test organism for [4] A. Thiam, R. Salazar, (2019) Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., the evaluation of the toxicity of chloroacetanilide 26, 2580–2591. herbicides and the mixtures of their degradation [5] M. Sigurnjak, Š. Ukić, M. Cvetnić, M. Markić, M. products formed during heterogeneous Novak Stankov, B. Rasulev, H. Kušić, A. Lončarić Božić, photocatalysis. Species of the Chlorella genus M. Rogošić, T. Bolanča (2020) Chemosphere, 240, ( Chlorophyceae) are widespread throughout the 124973. [6] M.D. Machado, E.V. Soares (2020) Aquat. Toxicol., world and can be found in a variety of aquatic 222, 105449 environments, where they represent primary [7] Y. Souissi, S. Bouchonnet, S. Bourcier, K.O. Kusk, M. producers, contribute to the self-purification of Sablier, H.R. Andersen (2013) Sci. Total Environ., 458– water, and have many other important ecological 460, 527–534 functions [10]. [8] Z. Chen, Y. Chen, J. Vymazal, L. Kule, M. Koželuh Our work deals with the development and (2017) Sci. Total Environ., 577, 386–394. optimization of alternative tests on freshwater algae. [9] K.H. Kim, E. Kabir, S.A. Jahan (2017) Sci. Total The algal microbiotest is a miniaturized form of the Environ., 575, 525–535. [10] P. Y. Caux, L. Ménard, R.A. Kent, R.A (1996) classical algal bioassay, where microtiter plates are Environ. Pollut., 92, 219–225. used instead of Erlenmeyer flasks. This significantly reduces the consumption of culture Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 71 POSTER (#2) Risk Assessment of Water Organic Micropollutants in Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas M. Dulsat-Masvidal1*, C. Ciudad2, O. Infante2, R. Mateo3, S. Lacorte1 (1) IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain. (2) SEO/BirdLife, Melquiades Biencinto, 34, 28053 Madrid, Spain. (3) IREC- CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain mariadulsat@gmail.com Water pollution is an underestimated threat to Optimised risk quotients (RQf) were used to natural surface water. The presence of organic identify the risk posed by substances in aquatic micropollutants in surface water has a negative ecosystems. impact on living organisms and may directly lead to The OMP in the surface waters of IBAs are habitat degradation and loss of ecosystem services present as mixtures of compounds. The chemical [1]. Therefore, water pollution is an important risk mixture risk for each IBA was calculated by factor in the management of key biodiversity areas. summing the RQ for each target compound (i) at This study aims to quantify, for the first time, the each site (j). Out of 140 IBAs, only 50 did not impact of organic micropollutants (OMP) detected present any target compound at concentrations in Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs) in considered to be of concern for aquatic ecosystems Spain. (RQ<0.01). The other 90 IBAs presented a RQ of In the present study, we performed a Tier I medium to high risk. Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) to identify Finally, we have identified OMP levels that may the most concerning compounds in natural surface pose at risk the conservation values of high relevant waters from Spain and to identify the IBAs most areas for conservation, such IBAs. This study serves impacted by water pollution. The assessment was to delineate the importance of water monitoring based on a previous monitoring scheme for the studies within IBAs and other natural areas as a first measurement of 59 OMP, including approach to contribute to pollution management pharmaceuticals, pesticides, organophosphate actions and minimise the impact of pollutants on esters (OPEs), and perfluoroalkyl substances biodiversity. (PFAS) in freshwaters of 140 IBAs. Individual Risk Quotients (RQ) for each Acknowledgements compound were calculated as the ratio between the The Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation Measured Environmental Concentration (MEC) and is acknowledged for financial support [PID2019- the lowest Predicted Non-Effect Concentration 105732GBC21] from (PNEC) in freshwater from the NORMAN CIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and for the database. The most concerning compounds Severo Ochoa project Grant CEX2018-000794-S identified were the organophosphate pesticide funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 to chlorpyrifos, which was detected in 35 IBAs at IDAEA-CSIC as Centre of Excellence. high-risk concentrations (RQ>1) in freshwater. Followed by the antidepressant venlafaxine References detected at high-risk concentrations in 18 IBAs, and [1] L. Posthuma, W. Brack, J. van Gils, A. Focks, C. perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) in 17 IBAs. Müller, D. de Zwart, S. Birk (2019) Sci. Eur. 31. Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 72 POSTER (#2) Propranolol Degradation Products after Non-thermal Plasma Treatment using Coaxial DBD Reactor S. Savić1,*, V. Kovačević2, G. Sretenović2, B. Obradović2, G. Roglić1 (1) University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia, (2) University of Belgrade, Faculty of Physics, Studentski trg 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia *sladjana@chem.bg.ac.rs Pharmaceuticals represent a considerable threat P266, and P134). Interestingly, all compounds were when they reach the environment. Propranolol spotted in air-treated PRP solution, but P326 and (PRP), designed to be a biologically active P308 were not found in samples treated by Ar- compound, is a widely used beta-blocker prescribed generated plasma. for heart-related diseases. Due to its frequent use, In summary, both decomposition rate experiments PRP is detected in numerous aquatic environments and detected degradation compounds imply that Ar and organisms. [1] To completely remove may be a better plasma gas for PRP treatment. A pharmaceuticals such as PRP, advanced oxidation possible explanation is a fact that reactive oxygen processes (AOPs) are often employed, [2] like species in air plasma are partly consumed to ozone, [3] or electrochemical oxidation [4]. generate reactive nitrogen species, while there is no Recently, the non-thermal plasma treatment has such phenomenon in Ar-plasma. [7] gained interest for water purification, due to in situ The study confirmed that the non-thermal plasma production of reactive oxygen species, such as treatment can be considered promising due to hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anion radicals. effective and rapid degradation of waterborne The aim of this paper was to investigate plasma organic pollutants, with no catalysts added. treatment for PRP removal from water. To achieve that, the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) non- Acknowledgements thermal reactor was used. This DBD reactor was This study was funded by the Ministry of Education, already tested for degradation of different organic Science, and Technological Development of the compounds. [5, 6] In this study, PRO solution (100 Republic of Serbia; Contract numbers: 451-03- mg/dm3) was recirculated through the DBD reactor, 9/2021-14/200168 and 451-03-6812020-14. while plasma was generated using ambient air and argon. The PRP degradation rate was monitored on References HPLC-DAD, and the specific energy density (SED) [1] J.P. Sumpter, T.J. Runnalls, R.L. Donnachie, S.F. was used to compare plasma effects on PRP Owen (2021) Science of The Total Environment, 793, degradation. SED was calculated by dividing the 148617. [2] K. Kovács, T. Tóth, L. Wojnárovits (2021) Water power (kept at 35 W and multiplied by the number Science and Technology, 85, 685–705. of cycles of treatment) by the flow rate (held [3] M.L. Wilde, S. Montipó, A.F. Martins (2014) Water constant at 7.5 dm3/h). Research, 48, 280–295. The single most striking observation is that pure [4] J.D. García-Espinoza, P. Mijaylova Nacheva (2019) argon contributes to faster PRP degradation. Environ Sci Pollut Res, 26, 6855–6867. Namely, at 75 kJ/dm3, there was less than 5% of [5] J. Krupež et al., (2018) J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 51, 17. PRP left when treated with Ar non-thermal plasma, [6] M. S. Jović et al., (2014) Chemical Engineering while only around 35% was achieved at the same Journal, 248, 63–70. [7] V.V. Kovačević, B.P. Dojčinović, M. Jović, G.M. point with ambient air. Roglić, B.M. Obradović, M.M. Kuraica (2017) J. Phys. D: As for the degradation products, several Appl. Phys., 50, 15, 155205. compounds were identified (P326, P308, P292, Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 73 POSTER (#2) Thermodynamic Solution Properties of Trans-Aconitic acid and Its Sequestering Ability Toward Cd2+, Pb2+ and Mn2+ at Different Experimental Condition A. Irto*, G. Lando, P. Cardiano, C. De Stefano, C. Bretti CHIBIOFARAM Department, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31 – 98166 Messina (Italy) *airto@unime.it Trans-Aconitic acid Trans-Aconitic acid (TA, propene-1,2,3- EDDS). The assessment of the sequestering ability tricarboxylic acid), an unsaturated organic acid of a “ligand” towards metals is decisive for containing a double bond, is obtained from remediation processes, chemical treatment of renewable and inexpensive sources like cane waters (soil washing) and for applications involving molasses and sweet sorghum syrup. According to the use of a chelating agent. the United States Department of Energy, TA is one of the top 30 value-added chemicals due to its use References in industry as a chemical building block and [1] T. Werpy, G. Petersen (2004). Top Value Added precursor for other important chemicals and Chemicals from Biomass, Volume I: Results from polymers [1]. The aim of this work is to explore the Screening for Potential Candidates from Sugars and Synthesis Gas; Pacific Northwst National Laboratory and potential of TA as a green chelating agent towards the National Renewable Energy Laboratory: Washington, various metals in aqueous solution, in order to DC, USA, 2004. assess its potential for the removal and recovery of [2] A. Kanitkar, G. Aita, L. Madsen (2013) J. Chem. different metal cations. Despite TA importance, few Technol. Biotechnol, 88, 2188–2192. thermodynamic data are available in literature, and therefore new experiments may be useful, for example, to determine which are the best conditions (pH, ionic strength, concentration) at which TA can be efficiently exploited. In this light, the evaluation of species formation and their relative stability, as well as the determination of the chelation thermodynamics of TA toward Cd2+, Pb2+ and Mn2+ is crucial to specifically design a sequestration strategy in view of practical heavy metal decontamination. Accordingly, a systematic study on the thermodynamics of the interaction of TA with protons, reporting data in a standard state (i.e., infinite dilution) and parameters to calculate protonation constants in different ionic media (NaCl, KCl, and (C2H5)4NI) at different temperatures and ionic strengths, is here presented. To better understand the TA thermodynamic behaviour, the formation constants and sequestering ability towards Cd2+, Pb2+ and Mn2+ were determined in a wide range of experimental conditions and also compared to data reported for other chelating agents (citric acid, EDTA, GLDA, Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 74 POSTER (#2) Potential of Correlograms to Detect and Characterise Autocorrelation in Water Monitoring Data K. Ilijević 1,*, B. Milovanović1, J. Orlić 1 (1) University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia *kilijevic@chem.bg.ac.rs Data autocorrelation is often observed within the values of ecochemical parameters that are Lastly, correlograms were produced from data base continuously monitored as part of environmental which contained data collected from monitoring monitoring. Its presence significantly complicates program of the Danube River over period of 15 statistical data processing, which is necessary to years for several ecochemical parameters: total dry adequately interpret the monitored ecochemical solids, residue after ignition, electroconductivity, parameters. Therefore, it is very important to suspended matter, COD, BOD-5, UV extinction at determine the presence of autocorrelation, as well as 254 nm, dissolved oxygen, oxygen saturation, the degree and cause of its presence in the data. nitrates, total N, phosphates, total P, ammonia, pH Correlograms are a useful tool for monitoring and free carbon-dioxide. autocorrelation for several reasons. Their drawing does not require higher levels of statistical Acknowledgements knowledge, the interpretation is also relatively This research was funded the Ministry of Education, simple, and they can provide information not only Science and Technological Development of the about the degree of autocorrelation, but also about Republic of Serbia (Grant No: 451-03-68/2020- the causes that led to its appearance in the analyzed 14/200168). data. The goal of this research is to develop several theoretical models with specific data traits and to explore how they affect shape and values of related correlograms. Theoretical models combined different levels of data randomness with: 1. linear trend in the data 2. seasonal oscillations 3. discontinuity (which is reflected in a sharp growth in a certain part of the data set). In addition to these individual factors, it is important to determine how the correlograms are be affected by combinations of the examined factors. It was observed that each of investigated traits produces specific shape in the correlogram which is noticeable even when tested factors are not easily observed in data by visual inspection. Correlograms potential to discover autocorrelation was compared with the results of Durbin Watson test which is routinely used for the same reason. Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 75 POSTER (#2) Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using a Japanese Knotweed Root Extract M. Ravbar1,*, , S. Smole Možina3, A. Šuligoj1,2 (1) Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia, (2) National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia, (3) Biotechnical faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia *Miha.Ravbar@fkkt.uni-lj.si a b c 50 1.0 1.0 n=3.0 JK ZnO 9. 8 C nm ontrol 0.04 Bare ZnO 14.3 •OH nm 40 0.8 0.8 18.9 1O nm (nm) 2 23.1 nm ) n=4.4 0.6 e– -1 0.03 30 0 0.6 25.7 nm n 0 h+ te size mi li A/A 0.4 ( 20 A/A 0.02 0.4 0.2 k app 10 Dark Crystal 0.2 0.01 Dark phase 0.0 0 phase 0 50 100 150 200 250 0.0 0.00 0 30 60 90 120150180210 0 50 100 150 8 12 16 20 24 Time at 450 °C (min) Time (min) Time (min) NPs size (nm) Due to ever increasing environmental concerns, a leftovers of plant extract molecules on the surface lot of research is being done on the topic of of the catalyst and was studied extensively by photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in means of thermal gravimetry coupled with mass water [1]. While titanium dioxide is still the most spectrometry. For slowing the particle growth, a popular of these photocatalysts, increasing amount synergistic effect between different extract of research is being directed toward others, such as components was needed. Furthermore, synergy zinc oxide, which has comparable electronic, between the extract and nanoparticles was required physical and chemical properties and a more facile for enhanced antimicrobial activity. synthesis [2]. Although green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) using different plant extracts Acknowledgements has been reported extensively, the attention is Slovenian research agency (ARRS) is usually given to the synthesis route and acknowledged for funding the young researcher antimicrobial and photocatalytic properties of NPs program. [3]. The effect of plant extracts on morphological and electronical properties, and the role plant References extracts play in these changes is seldomly reported. [1] Y. Zhao, Y. Li, L. Sun (2021) Chemosphere, 276, Herein, we synthesized ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) 130201. via a facile synthesis using ethanolic extracts from [2] S. Murgolo, C. De Ceglie, C. Di Iaconi, G. Mascolo (2021) Curr. Opin. Green Sustain. Chem., 30, 100473. roots of Japanese knotweed (lat. Fallopia japonica). [3] P. Basnet, T. Inakhunbi Chanu, D. Samanta, S. Such NPs were characterized by slower and more Chatterjee (2018) J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol., 183, controllable crystallite growth upon thermal 201. annealing at 450 °C (Figure a) as well as comparable long-term photocatalytic activity for the degradation of ciprofloxacin. In addition, the modified synthesis route using plant extracts resulted in better antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive bacteria e.g., Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacteria e.g., Escherichia coli and Campylobacter jejuni. The materials were further tested for their antimicrobial activity against S. aureus under UV-illumination where, again, the photocatalyst prepared with plant extracts was proven to be superior. The main culprit for the observed differences was identified to be the Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 76 POSTER (#2) Sorption of Diesel from Aqueous Solution on Biochar J. Avdalović1, Z. Lopičić2,, S. Miletić1, S. Spasić1, N. Lugonja1, M. Lješević1,V. Beškoski3 (1) Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade, Serbia, (2) Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, Franše Deperea 86, Belgrade, Serbia, (3) Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia *jelena.avdalovic@ihtm.bg.ac.rs Water contaminated with petroleum Ecotoxicity test hydrocarbons has become a one of the major Bacterial strain A. fischeri NRRL B-11177 problems worldwide. Sorption is one the most (Macherey-Nagel GmbH & Co. KG, and Duren, commonly used technique for treatment of Germany) was used for the evaluation of acute contaminated water. The sorption potential of peach ecotoxicity of water contaminated with diesel fuel stone biochar (PS-B) as a sorbent for diesel fuel before and after treatment with biochar. The test from aqueous solution was explored. was performed according to the ISO 11348 Biochar preparation standard, using freeze-dried bacteria and BioFix® Peach stones (Prunus persica L.) were obtained Lumi-10 (Macherey-Nagel GmbH & Co. KG, from Juice Factory “Vino Župa” Aleksandrovac, Duren, Germany) [1] . Serbia. The peach stones were washed with tap Results and conclusions water in order to remove dirt from its surface, and The application of peach stone biochar (PS-B) dried at room temperature. Dried stones were resulted in more than 92% removal of diesel in further grinded using vibrating disk whole concentration range, with equilibrium mill ”Siebtechnik – TS250” (Siebtechnik GmbH, reaching after 3 h of contact. After sorption process Germany), and sieved into different particle sizes. was completed, ecotoxicology tests were conducted For the purposes of these investigations, class using initial and purified water samples. between 0.1 to 0.5 mm was used. The ground peach Ecotoxicology tests have shown a decrease of samples (PS) were further pyrolysed at 500 °C toxicity of contaminated water on A. fischeri after under oxygen-limited conditions in Nabertherm the treatment of water by biochar sample. 1300 muffle furnace with heating rate of 10 °C Therefore, these forms of carbon based sorbents min−1, for 1 h. Finally, the obtained biochar (PS-B) have great potential to be good sorbents of diesel was stored in closed vials with polypropylene caps. and can be successfully applied for their removal in Sorption batch experiments water treatments. The sorption experiments were performed in batch system with mixing, with a constant amount Acknowledgements of sorbent of 0,1 g mixed with 100 ml of water This work was supported by the Ministry of contaminated with diesel at concentrations of Education, Science and Technological 2 mg/L 4 mg/L, 8 mg/L, 12 mg/L and 16 mg/L at Development of the Republic of Serbia (grant no 25 °C, and placed at horizontal shaker where the 451-03-68/2022-14/200026, grant no 451-03- speed was 160 rpm. The solid and liquid phases in 68/2022-14/200023 and grant no 451-03-68/2022- all experiments were separated in a centrifuge at 14/200168). 4000 rpm. Finally, diesel concentration in the liquid phase was detected according to SRPS EN ISO References 9377-2:2009 method, by gas chromatographic [1] Z. Lopičić, J. Avdalović, J. Milojković, A. analyses conducted on an Agilent 7890A gas Atanasković, M. Lješević, N. Lugonja, T. Šoštarić (2021) chromatograph. Hemijska Industrija, 75(6), 329–339. Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 77 POSTER (#2) Sorption and Biosorption of Petroleum Pollutants from Water Samples Using Biochar, Hydrocarbon Degrading Microorganisms and Their Combination I. Despotović1, N. Lugonja2, S. Miletić2, O. Mašek3, V. Beškoski1, B. Jovančićević1, G. Gajica2,* (1) University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia, (2) University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia, (3) University of Edinburgh, School of GeoSciences, The King's Buildings EH9 3FF Edinburgh, UK *gordana.gajica@ihtm.bg.ac.rs n-Alkane distribution *ignjat.despotovic3@gmail.com. Water+petroleum Water+petroleum+biochar-microorganisms Petroleum pollutants and organic waste are both GC-MS. From the obtained results it can be seen important environmental issues. Biochar is a highly that more than 99% of crude oil was removed from complex and heterogenous material consisting of numerous water samples and that microorganisms both organic and inorganic compounds obtained by primarily degrade n-alkanes over other groups of thermal degradation of organic wastes [1, 2]. Using compounds. biochar for removal of petroleum pollutants could In further studies, if method effectiveness proven decrease the environmental impact of both successful, should be tested on real samples and it petroleum pollutants and organic waste. should be scaled up for industrial purposes. Furthermore, immobilising microorganisms on biochar could increase removal trough the effect of Acknowledgements biosorption and eventually biodegradation. The study was financed by the Ministry of The aim of this research was to examine the Education, Science and Technological efficiency of removal of petroleum hydrocarbons Development of the Republic of Serbia (451-03- using biochar, microbial consortium and their 68/2022-14/200168, 451-03-68/2022-14/200026). combination. Microorganisms were isolated from soil polluted with hydrocarbons and enriched on References media supplemented with diesel, while two biochar [1] M. Ahmad, A.U. Rajapaksha, J.E. Lim, M. Zhang, N. samples (made from wheat straw pellets and sewage Bolan, D. Mohan, M. Vithanage, S.S. Lee, Y.S. Ok (2014) sludge) were used as adsorbers and carriers for Chemosphere, 99, 19–33. [2] Biochar for Environmental Management: Science and immobilization of these hydrocarbon degrading Technology. J. Lehmann, S. Joseph, 1st. Edition, London microorganisms. (United Kingdom), Routledge Ltd. 2009. The remediation study was performed on water samples prepared in laboratory condition by adding crude oil and minerals into the distilled water. The period of the remediation was 96 days, while the analysis of the removal and degradation of petroleum pollutants was performed every 32 days for each sample. Measurement of the removal of total petroleum pollutants was followed gravimetrically measuring fraction of extracted soluble organic matter, separated saturated and aromatic fractions of crude oil that remained in water phase. Furthermore, saturated and aromatic fractions were analysed by Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 78 POSTER (#2) Engineered Bioremediation - Technology of Choice for Treatment of Aquifer Contaminated with Oil Pollutants S. Miletić1,*, J. Avdalović2, S. Spasić1, N.Lugonja1, M. Lukić2, M. Ilić1, M.M. Vrvić3 1) Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade, Serbia, (2) Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia (3) BREM GROUP Ltd., Oslobođenja 39b, Belgrade, Serbia *srdjan.miletic@ihtm.bg.ac.rs Aquifers contaminated by petroleum and increase oxygenation of the aquifer, H2O2 was hydrocarbons is a major problem worldwide. added. Finally, zymogenous hydrocarbon- During the exploitation, processing, accidental degrading microbial consortia was added via the spills, transport, distribution, storage and use of same injection well [2]. The zymogenous crude oil and its products, these may be released into consortium of hydrocarbon-degrading the hydrosphere in an uncontrolled manner. microorganisms initially contained 7x109 CFU dm- Bioremediation is a method of reducing petroleum 3 microorganisms. Reinoculation with the prepared pollution from environment which has been widely microbial consortium was performed at 30-day used in the last years. Bioremediation is a process intervals. Recirculation was achieved by extraction which is based on the natural capacity of of contaminated groundwater using the extraction microorganisms to decompose toxic waste from the well followed by filtration through the environment into harmless products. Engineered filtration/adsorption column filled with natural bioremediation is a preferable approach because it inorganic hydrophobic adsorbents and finally involves modification of polluted sites at desirable injection to the subsurface through the injection time intervals to accelerate the degradation of well [2]. During water filtration, a biofilm of contaminants. This modification is achieved by zymogenous microorganisms was formed on the biostimulation (providing nutrients, electron material of the adsorption column. acceptors, biosurfactants, biopolymers, and slow- During the engineered bioremediation, the release fertilizers for increasing the microbial content of petroleum hydrocarbon in aquifer activity) [1], and bioaugmentation (addition of decreased by 88% of the initial level. This indicates microbial biomass, preferably a consortium, for its that the process was performed successfully. greater degradation capacity, synergistic performance, and co-metabolic events) Acknowledgements This paper presents the engineered This work was supported by the Ministry of bioremediation of aquifers contaminated by Education, Science and Technological petroleum hydrocarbons, in the process which Development of the Republic of Serbia (grant no lasted for 12 months. The contaminated area was 451-03-68/2022-14/200026). located near the city of Belgrade (Serbia), on the terrace sediments of the Sava River. This References remediation treatment was performed within the [1] T. Sayara, A. Sánchez (2020) Applied Sciences, 10, closed bipolar system (one extraction and two 3684. injection wells), with adsorption in the external unit. [2] N. Marić, M. Ilić, S. Miletić, G. Gojgić-Cvijović, V. Beškoski, M.M. Vrvić, P. Papić (2015) Environmental In situ engineered bioremediation was started Earth Sciences, 74, 5211-5219 with addition of nutrients from the reservoir through the injection well into the aquifer. Together with nutrients, in order to stimulate chemical oxidation Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 79 POSTER (#2) Potential of Nature-Inspired Prenylated Flavonoids as a Sustainable Alternative to Commercial Biocides Against Marine Biofouling D. Pereira1,2,*, V. Vasconcelos2,3, M. Pinto1,2, J. R. Almeida2, M. Correia-da-Silva1,2, H. Cidade1,2 (1) Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nº 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal, (2) CIIMAR – Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal, (3) Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4069-007 Porto, Portugal *up200904461@edu.ff.up.pt The settlement and accumulation of marine this work, the relevance in obtaining novel nature- organisms, such as bacteria, diatoms, bryozoans, inspired compounds, namely flavonoid derivatives, and mussels on submerged surfaces, known as as new non-toxic antifoulants to prevent marine marine biofouling, causes enormous material and biofouling was reinforced. economic losses for maritime industries. Moreover, this phenomenon has ecological implications, since Acknowledgements can be detrimental to marine biodiversity. Until This research was supported by national funds recently, the use of tributyltin (TBT) or copper- through FCT (Foundation for Science and based substances, were the most useful antifouling Technology) within the scope of solutions. Nevertheless, TBT use was banned due to UIDB/04423/2020, UIDP/04423/2020, and under the toxicity against target and non-target organisms. the project PTDC/CTA-AMB/0853/2021 by FCT As an alternative to TBT, the use of copper/zinc and through national funds. D.P. acknowledges FCT for booster biocides in antifouling paints come to be the Ph.D. scholarship (grant number more frequent, however, despite these compounds SFRH/BD/147207/2019). being less harmful to the environment than TBT, some studies also reported problems of toxicity and References accumulation in the marine environment [1,2]. [1] P.A. Vinagre, T. Simas, E. Cruz, E. Pinori, J. Svenson Considering that natural compounds, including (2020) Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 8, flavonoids, have potential activity as antifoulants 495. [2] J. Gomez-Banderas (2022) Frontiers in Marine [3], our research group has been focused on the Science, 9, 858757. synthesis and evaluation of antifouling activity of [3] K.-L. Wang, Z.-R. Dou, G.-F. Gong, H.-F. Li, B. Jiang, nature-inspired flavonoids [4,5]. From the results of Y. Xu (2022) Marine Drugs, 20, 90. our studies, one prenylated chalcone (C1P) was [4] J.R. Almeida, M. Correia-da-Silva, E. Sousa, J. identified as a promising antifoulant [5]. Based on Antunes, M. Pinto, V. Vasconcelos, I. Cunha (2017) these results, and in an attempt to develop more Scientific Reports, 7, 42424. effective antifoulants, a series of chemically related [5] J.R. Almeida, J. Moreira, D. Pereira, S. Pereira, J. flavonoid analogues was prepared and evaluated for Antunes, A. Palmeira, V. Vasconcelos, M. Pinto, M. Correia-da-Silva, H. Cidade (2018) Science of The Total the antifouling activity. Then, the antifouling Environment, 643, 98-106. activity was assessed using the in vivo anti- settlement bioassay with Mytilus galloprovincialis larvae and marine biofouling microorganisms, and some flavonoid derivatives with antifouling activity were identified. Further, ecotoxicity studies were performed in Artemia salina, to evaluate their toxicity against non-target marine organisms. With Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 80 SESSION 3: Atmosphere ORAL (#3) Insights into Fenton-Like Reactions in the Presence of Oxalate Complexes and Implications for the Atmospheric Aqueous Phase D. Scheres Firak,*, T. Schaefer, H. Herrmann Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany *firak@tropos.de Fenton reactions play important roles in the Fenton-like reaction upon successive additions atmospheric oxidation cycles and are based on the of OXL and a decrease in the formation of HO•. decomposition of hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by The rate constants of Fenton-like reactions Fe(II). The Fe that participates in these reactions catalyzed by Fe-OXL complexes increased if does not occur freely in the aqueous phase due to compared to the conventional Fenton reaction, the presence of organic ligands, which typically particularly at higher pH values, as seen in Table 1. originate from the chemical oxidation of volatile At pH 5, the formation of HO• decreased by 36% in organic compounds and incomplete combustion reactions conducted in a Fe:OXL ratio of 1:3. processes [1,2]. Dicarboxylic acids, in special oxalic acid (OXL), have been measured in Table 1. Second-order rate constants measured for the concentrations of hundreds of ng m-3 in urban Fenton-like reactions in the presence of different pH and regions and thousands of ng m-3 during biomass Fe:OXL ratios. burning events [1,3]. Fe:OXL pH 3 pH 4 pH 5 Although the ubiquitous presence of Fe 1:0 60 ± 6 59 ± 3 63 ± 7 complexes in the atmospheric aqueous phase is 1:1 65 ± 2 73 ± 5 76 ± 5 recognized [3], the resulting Fenton-like 1:2 82 ± 6 113 ± 7 117 ± 9 mechanisms are not fully understood. Organic 1:3 149 ± 10 318 ± 7 380 ± 44 ligands can modify the reactivity of Fe towards H These results indicate a change in the reaction 2O2, and reported rate constants for the Fenton- like reaction in the presence of OXL are in the order mechanism that can affect the Fenton-like of 103 and 104 L mol-1 s-1 [4], much higher than chemistry happening in the atmospheric aqueous those measured in the conventional Fenton reaction phase, particularly in less acidic conditions usually (40 to 80 L mol-1 s-1) [5]. The mechanisms that lead encountered in cloud systems. to the formation of reactive species during Fenton- like processes in the presence of Fe ligands are References debatable and involve the formation of HO•, carbon- [1] S. Myriokefalitakis et al., (2011) Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, 5761–5782. centered radicals, and higher valence Fe species [2] S. Kundu et al., (2010) Atmospheric Chemistry and [4,5]. Physics, 10, 2209-2225. Herein we report the investigation of the Fenton- [3] A. G. González et al (2022) Science of The Total like reaction in the presence of Fe-OXL complexes Environment, 829, 154642. in conditions that are relevant to the atmospheric [4] J.S.B. Park et al., (1997) Free Radical Research, 27, aqueous phase. Using a modification of the 447–458 phenanthroline method for the determination of iron [5] J.J Pignatello, E. Oliveros and A. Mackay (2006) in aqueous samples [6] and electron paramagnetic Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 36, 1-84. resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, we have observed, [6] Standard methods for the examination of water and for the first time, an increase in the rate constant of wastewater. APHA. 21st Ed. 2003. Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 83 ORAL (#3) Solving the Mystery of the Chukotka Stinky Gray Whales O.V. Polyakova1, O.A. Filatova2,8,9, I.D. Fedutin2, D.I. Litovka3, B. Bukenov4, V.B. Artaev5, E.M. Humston-Fulmer5, J. Binkley5, D.S. Kosyakov6, A.T. Lebedev1,7,* (1) Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow, Russia, (2) Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow, Russia, (3) ANO “Chukotka Arctic Scientific Center”; Anadyr, Chukotka, Russia, (4) Center of Physical Chemical Methods of Research and Analysis, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University; Almaty, Kazakhstan, (5) LECO Corporation; St. Joseph, MI, USA, (6) Core Facility Center "Arktika", Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University; Arkhangelsk, Russia, (7) MASSECO d.o.o.; Postojna, Slovenia, (8) Beringia National Park; Provideniya, Chukotka, Russia, (9) Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark; Odense, Denmark. *mocehops@gmail.com Gray whales ( Eschrichtius robustus) constitute an important part of the diet of Chukotka Native smell. 86 smelly organic compounds were identified population, reaching 30% of consumed food for the among over 500 compounds detected. The most inland Chukchas. Over one hundred licenses for interesting analytes related to the off odour are whale hunting are issued on an annual basis. After bromophenols. The most probable suspect is 2,6- the USSR collapse natives had to hunt whales near dibromophenol with strong iodoformic odour, the shore from the small boats. The problem of perfectly matching that of the “stinky” whales. “stinky” whales arose immediately, as the meat of Quantitative results demonstrated its levels were up some harvested species possessed a strong to 500-fold higher in the “stinky” whales´ tissues. medicinal/chemical odour. The hypotheses The source of 2,6-dibromophenol is likely explaining the phenomenon ranged from biotoxins3 polychaetes, producing 2,6-dibromophenol and to oil spills. To understand the problem, various colonising near shore waters where whales feed. tissues of normal and stinky Gray whales were Therefore, the mystery of the stinky whales may be collected in 2020-2021 and analyzed using considered resolved. headspace solid phase microextraction with Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry. A prototype software, ChromaTOF Sync (LECO Corporation, USA), was used to process the data for the full set of samples and to find the differences in the composition of organic compounds between the “stinky” and normal whale per tissue type. The obtained results were filtered to leave the analytes with tentative IDs (by similarity score >700 and matching Retention Indices (RI) and that had odor descriptors that may be consistent with a “chemical” Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 84 ORAL (#3) Comparing Smoke and Aerosols from Classic and Electronic Cigarettes, and from »Heat-not-Burn« Devices B. Poljšak1, R. Gošnak Dahmane1, L. Podobnik2, M. Bavcon Kralj1,* (1) Faculty of Health Sciences, Zdravstvena pot 5, Ljubljana, Slovenia, (2) Knauf Insulation, Trata 32, Škofja Loka, Slovenia *mojca.kralj@zf.uni-lj.si Cigarette's holder A pressure control SPME mix polarity fiber SPE manifold (empty) Smoking tobacco and related products is one of were: β-linalool, α-terpineol, glyceryl diacetate, the world's major public health problems. The benzyl acetate, persicol, and 3-hexen-1-ol. tobacco industry is constantly launching new Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) was the only alternatives to classic cigarettes, such as e-cigarettes chemical detected in all samples. and heat-not-burn (HNB) devices, which are Attempts have been made to assess health risk, but claimed to be less harmful to health. The purpose of little or no toxicological data are available for most this research was to develop a method, which will of the identified compounds [1,2]. There are even allow a comparison between the identified volatile fewer data on exposure to these compounds by organic compounds (VOCs) detected in cigarette’s inhalation, a point that has been made elsewhere smoke, e-cigarette’s aerosol and HBN device [3,4]. The health effects assessment was therefore aerosol. performed only for nicotine, which was measured The use of an empty solid phase extraction (SPE) most frequently in the HNB device aerosol samples, manifold with a pressure control enabled a constant 60% more frequently than in the conventional pulsed puffes. VOCs were retained on a solid phase samples of cigarette smoke. It was calculated that an microextraction (SPME) fibre of mixed polarity and average smoker exceeds the safe nicotine intake by then detected by gas chromatography-mass 43% when using conventional cigarettes and by spectroscopy (GC-MS). A further step was then the 275% when using the same heating sticks as in the toxicological profile of selected VOCs and study. We note that the result depends entirely on comparison between the different types of smoking. the products used and could be different if we used A total of 24 chemicals were identified in the a different brand of cigarette. However, the samples, 5 of which are classified as hazardous or experimental setup that allows the comparison harmful (nicotine, nicotyrine, toluene, naphthalene, between completely different smoking types, was and paraxylene). Most of these substances were finally developed and presented. found in traditional cigarette smoke and some of them in the vapor from the HNB device. The e- Acknowledgements cigarette aerosol was free of harmful chemicals Slovenian Research Agency, the research core according to the method used. Nicotine, funding No. P3-0388 (Mechanisms of Health naphthalene, and D-limonene were measured in the Maintenance). smoke of classic cigarettes and in samples from the HNB device. Toluene and paraxylene were References measured only in the smoke of classic cigarettes. [1] C. A. Lerner, /…/ I. Rahman (2015) PLOS ONE, 10(2). Glycerol and diglycerol were detected in aerosol [2] S. Munakata, /…/ S. Ito (2018) Regulatory Toxicology samples from e-cigarettes, as well as other and Pharmacology, 99, 122–128. compounds such as β [3] A. Larcombe, /…/ B. Mullins (2021) Medical Journal -linalool, α-terpineol, glyceryl of Australia, 216(1), 27–32. diacetate, benzyl acetate, persicol, 3-hexen-1-ol, [4] B. Blount, /…/ J.L. Pirkle (2020) New England Journal and diethoxydimethylsilane. Newly reported of Medicine, 382(8), 697–705. compounds present only in the e-cigarettes aerosol Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 85 ORAL (#3) Air Quality Mobile Monitoring Campaign in Novi Sad Urban Area in Winter and Summer 2022 D. Kleut1, M. Davidović2, S. Dmitrašinović3, M. Živkovič1, D. Stojanović1, M. Budimir1, I. Lazović1, M. Jovašević- Stojanović1, M. Davidović1,* (1) Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia, (2) Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Belgrade, Serbia, (3) Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Serbia *davidovic@vinca.rs The goal of this study is to significantly contribute All of this contributes to an improved quality of to solving the problem of low spatial resolution of the environment, health and well-being for the data on pollution in the form of particles in Novi Sad citizens of Novi Sad. urban area. Existing (state, regional, local) monitoring networks cannot provide a complete Acknowledgements picture of air pollution, primarily due to the limited The researchers acknowledge the funding of the number of measuring points on a large area of project “Spatio-temporal variations of the level of interest. respirable particles in the urban area of Novi Sad - Campaigns of measuring particulate matter (PM) mobile monitoring, modelling and creation of high- pollution with TSI particle counters and sizers resolution maps” (City Administration for Nanoscan 3910 and OPS 3330 were conducted Environmental Protection Novi Sad project no. VI- during heating and non-heating season in the urban 501-2/2021-19в-19), MNTR of Republic of Serbia, area of Novi Sad, with high temporal resolution at project no. 451-03-68/2020- 14/200156, as well as the route of moving vehicle. This experimental the VIDIS project funded by the European Union’s design enables analyses of the spatio-temporal Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme variation of PM, including ultrafine particles (UFP), under grant agreement No 952433. with a high spatial and temporal (at minute and even second) resolution. As a result, zones, periods and References scenarios where the highest concentrations of wide [1] M. Davidović, M. Davidović, S. Dmitrašinović, M. range of PM fractions as well as locations with the Srećković, M. Jovašević-Stojanović, ZBORNIK lowest concentrations of PM were identified. RADOVA, LXVI KONFERENCIJA ETRAN, Novi Pazar 6 - 9. juna 2022., SSHE 1.2 The results include the assessment of the level and [2] M. Davidović, Abstracts of Keynote lectures and characteristics of daily and weekly mass, number contributed papers from the VII International concentration and specific surface area of fractions WEBIOPATR Workshop & Conference Particulate of ambient particles in the range from 10 nm to Matter: Research and Management, 1st to 3rd October, 10 μm. 2019. Collected and prepared data are to be further used [3] M. Davidović, M. Davidović, M. Jovašević- for the production of high-resolution maps related Stojanović, Proceedings from the 6th WeBIOPATR to respirable particles during a specific season, as Workshop & Conference Belgrade, Serbia, Belgrade 2019 pp. 175-179 (ISBN: 978-86-7306-152-8) well as preliminary maps of particle pollution in the [4] https://vidis-project.org/index.php/about/vidis- territory of the City of Novi Sad using data available synergistic-projects/novi-sad-mobile-monitoring-project/ for the area. Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 86 POSTER (#3) Characterization of Atmospheric Aerosols (PM10 and PM2.5) in the Area of the Republic of Slovenia M. Ivanovski1,2,*, E. M. Barbarič3, E. Marčenko2, K. Alatič2, M. Djurica2, D. Goričanec1, D. Urbancl1, R. Vončina2 (1) University of Maribor, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Maribor, Slovenia, (2) Elektroinštitut Milan Vidmar, Ljubljana, Slovenia, (3) University of Maribor, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Maribor, Slovenia *maja.ivanovski@eimv.si Air pollution can have a significant effect on human health [1]. Air pollution is defined as References contamination of the indoor or outdoor environment [1] S.Y. Kyung, S.H. Jeong (2020) Tuberc. Respir. Dis. by any chemical, physical, or biological agent that (Seoul), 83, 2, 116–121. modifies the natural characteristics of the [2] WHO, “World Health Organization - Air Pollution,” 2021. atmosphere [2]. In the last decade, it became the [3] European Commission, “Roadmap 2050,” Policy, no. second biggest environmental concern after climate April, pp. 1–9, 2012, doi: 10.2833/10759. change, particularly in urban areas [3]. Air quality [4] Ö. Zeydan, M. Pekkaya (2021) Atmos. Pollut. Res. , 12, changes from day to day, which therefore needs to 5.. be properly monitored and analyzed [4]. Aerosols, [5] W. Yang, D. Pudasainee, R. Gupta, W. Li, B. Wang, such as particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), are L. Sun (2021) Fuel Process. Technol. , 213, 106657. being among the most polluting agents [5], [6]. The [6] A. Republike, S.L.O. Venije, main objective of this work is the characterization “http://www.arso.gov.si/zrak/kakovost%20zraka/poro%c 4%8dila%20in%20publikacije/kakovost_letna.html,” pp. of the PM10 and PM2.5 aerosol mass in the 1–2, 2011. atmosphere. Firstly, the concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 in the Republic of Slovenia (RS) were studied and analyzed in the period from 2020 to 2021, later the characterization via WD-XRF occurred. A morphological structural analysis (SEM) was also carried out to identify the probable sources of atmospheric aerosols in the country. Part of results was obtained from the publicly available data. Two monitoring stations (A - urban and B - industrial) were chosen as representatives of Slovenian air quality database. The findings revealed that the difference in concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 in the studied period is negligible as the levels are still high, especially in winter time, due to domestic heating. The SEM-EDS characterization revealed the presence of heavy metals in PM10 and PM2.5. Cadmium, lead, and mercury elements with anthropogenic and natural origins were identified in the studied samples. Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 87 POSTER (#3) Influence and Contribution of Traffic on PM2.5 Concentrations During Four Seasons in Novi Sad S. Dmitrašinović1,*, J. Radonić1, M. Davidović,2, M. Jovašević Stojanović2, M. Turk Sekulić1, S. Radović1 (1) Faculty of Technical Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, Novi Sad, Serbia, (2) Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, Belgrade, Serbia *dmitrasinovic@uns.ac.rs Background and Aims 0.71-0.91 and p-values (p) from <0.001-0.037, Air quality in Novi Sad is deteriorated by 0.001-0.04. Positive PM2.5/A,B,C corr. were domestic heating and traffic. The aim of this study present during NI with R and p within the intervals was to determine the influence of passenger cars 0.9-0.91 and 0.004-0.005, for SPR, and 0.08-0.96 and vans (A), lightweight trucks and trucks (B), and and 0.004-0.005 for SUM. In AUT, positive corr. buses (C), on fine particle matter concentrations were present during the most parts of the day, and R (PM2.5) in ambient air during morning (MR), and p ranged from 0.95-0.99 and 0.002-0.04 during afternoon (AF), evening (EV), and night (NI) of one EVs (PM2.5/A,B), and 0.79-0.89 and 0.01-0.09 week in spring (SPR), summer (SUM), autumn during NI (PM2.5/A,B,C). In the WIN, positive (AUT) and winter (WIN) in 2020, as well as traffic PM2.5/A,B,C corr. were during MRs with R and p emission contributions (EC) to PM2.5 from 0.78-0.81 and 0.01-0.02, and 0.76-0.85 and concentrations (conc.) during all four seasons. 0.02-0.05 during NI. EC to PM2.5 from traffic was Data and Study area 5.68, 5.34 and 12.62 µg/m3 for SUM, AUT and PM2.5 data have been collected by the National WIN, respectively. SPR PM2.5 conc. levels were Serbian Environmental Protection Agency (traffic higher on BCG site than on TrS. site, TrS) and City Administration for Multiple positive corr. in AUT and WIN during Environmental Protection (background site, BCG). MR, EV and NI showed higher traffic influence on Traffic count data have been collected from traffic PM2.5, but vast corr./no corr. variations could be a counters placed near the TrS. consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on Results of the study full seasonal data sets and smaller data resolution One-hour PM2.5 conc. during one week of SPR, analysis, PM2.5 conc. levels and air quality on SUM, AUT, and WIN on TrS were within the range typical urban TrS in 2020 were influenced to a small from 4.39-28.4, 5.08-27.3, 4.15-48.9, and 6.4-72.7 extent by the traffic density in Novi Sad. µg/m3, respectively. On the BCG site, PM2.5 24 hour conc. during same season order, ranged from 11-16, Acknowledgments 6-13, 6-18, and 11-21 µg/m3, respectively. During This research (paper) has been supported by the each week, correlation (corr.) analysis was Ministry of Education, Science and Technological conducted between MR, AF, EV, NI PM2.5 conc., Development through project no. 451-03-68/2020- and A, B, and C vehicle count class. Comparation 14/200156 and the City Administration for showed high and very high positive and negative Environmental Protection Novi Sad through project corr. present on certain days during each week of no. VI-501-2/2021-19в-19. the season, depending on whether it is MR, AF, EV or NI. PM2.5/A,B,C corr. were detected usually References during MRs, EVs and NIs. In the SPR and SUM, [1] F. Wang, et al. (2010) Atmospheric Chemistry and negative PM Physics, 10, 2745–2764. 2.5/A,B,C corr. were mostly during MRs, with corr. coefficients (R) from 0.73-0.98, Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 88 POSTER (#3) Unregulated Landfills as Sources of PM Emissions D. Adamović1,*, M. Turk Sekulić1, J. Radonić1,,S. Adamović1 (1) Faculty of Technical Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, Novi Sad, Serbia *draganadamovic@uns.ac.rs Open dumping of solid waste is a major public of 40 μg/m3 (annual limit value for the protection of health concern and a source of environmental human health) and 50 μg/m3 PM10, not to be degradation in Serbia and other developing exceeded more than 35 times within a calendar year countries. Effective solid waste management (24-h limit value for the protection of human health) (SWM) is a principal challenge in urban areas. [4]. Furthermore, living close to landfill sites is a known In the current study, the PM10 concentrations in a health threat. Population living and working in the open dump site are measured, and the importance of vicinity of solid waste processing and disposal different PM10 sources are examined. Comparison facilities are exposed to environmental health has been also performed for PM10 concentrations in threats [1]. a background site several kilometres away from the Inappropriate and inefficient handling of waste dump. disposal causes a damaging impact on the Particulate matter measurements were performed environment and human health. simultaneously on three locations at the open Although landfills generate odor problems, open dumping site and at a background location located dumpsites' major health and safety challenges may 1 km away from the site in order to create be the emission of dangerous but odorless gases. background reference values for the PM10 These ‘invisible’ gases are also accompanied by concentration levels in the general area of the visible emissions of dust and airborne particulate dumping site. matter (PM10). PM10 is found in the exhaust fumes The influence of meteorological parameters on the of the trucks that transport waste to the landfill and concentration levels of PM10 in the air and the leachate away from the landfill [2]. Dust and PM10 impact of high PM10 concentrations at the dumpsite emissions are also generated from the movement of on the immediate environment at the background trucks and other vehicles that travel on the unpaved location were analyzed. access roads to most landfills. Inhabitants living close to landfill sites show Acknowledgements concern due to several hazardous pollutants from This paper has been supported by the Ministry of landfills. Some other contaminants associated with Education, Science and Technological the deposition of waste in landfills include dust, Development through the projects no. 451-03- 68/2020-14/200156. spare rodents, accidental landfill fires, etc [3]. In the European Union (EU), the roles, goals, and References methods of air quality management are determined [1] M. Palmiotto, E. Fattore, V. Paiano, G. Celeste, A. by EU directive 96/62/EC and the later daughter's Colombo, E. Davoli (2014) Environ. Int. directives that describe the objectives for air [2] E. Chalvatzaki, T. Glytsos, M. Lazaridis (2015) Int. J. protection policy and standards for EU member Environ. Health Res. states as well as candidate states, like Serbia, as the [3] C. U. Okeke, A. Armour (2000) Appl. Geogr. platform for air quality assessment. For PM10, the [4] M. Iriti, P. Piscitelli, E. Missoni, A. Miani (2020) Int. obligatory standards have been established at levels J. Environ. Res. Public Health. Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 89 POSTER (#3) Road Dust Enrichment of Rare Earth Elements Collected in the Vicinity of the Coal Combustion Power Plant J. Orlić1,*, N. Zarić2, M. Aničić Urošević3, I. Zinicovscaia4, K. Vergel4, K. Ilijević1 (1) University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia, (2) University of Belgrade - Faculty of Biology, Studentski trg 16, Belgrade, Serbia, (3) Institute of Physics University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, Belgrade, Serbia, (4) Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia *jovanaorlic@chem.bg.ac.rs Rare earth elements (REE) content in road dust at the pulsed fast reactor IBR-2, Frank Laboratory can provide clues to the origin of dust and potential of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear sources of environmentally deleterious materials Research, Dubna, Russia. [1]. Elevated concentration of metals and other For assessment of the REE pollution of road dust pollutants on roads can come from wide range of and the probable contribution of anthropogenic human activities, such as traffic emission, sources, the enrichment factor (EF) was calculated disintegration of vehicle brakes and tires, wear of [3]. To minimize the variations caused by road surface, atmospheric deposition, coal heterogeneous samples, these factors are usually combustion, industrial solid waste dissipation and normalized using a reference element (Al or Mn). individual heating [2]. Road dust samples which were collected at 17 Acknowledgements locations in the coal combustion power plant This research was funded the Ministry of Kostolac area (mine, power plant, ash disposal site) Education, Science and Technological and near to steel factory “Železara Smederevo“, are Development of the Republic of Serbia (Grants No: able to cover all of the aforementioned sources of 451-03-68/2020-14/200168). A part of research was pollution. In addition to urban sites (Kostolac and supported by the project of bilateral cooperation Požarevac towns), samples were also collected in between Institute of Physics Belgrade and Joint rural areas (villages in a 15 km radius). Moreover, Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia. dust samples were collected from the main roads, but also from the side roads at each site. References Approximately 0.1 g of the road dust samples [1] T. Kolawole, O. Olatunji, O. Ajibade, C. Oyelami (fraction < 63 μm) was pelletized and taken for (2021) Journal of Health & Pollution, 11(30), 210611. measurements of long-lived isotopes (Na, K, Sc, Cr, [2] S. M. Atiemo, F. G. Ofosu, I. J. Kwame Aboh, O.C. Oppon, John Wiley & Sons, 41 (2012) 105-110. Fe, Co, Ni, Sb, Zn, As, Rb, Sr, Rh, Pd, Pt, Cs, Ba, [3] A. Logiewa, · A. Miazgowicz, · K. Krennhuber. · C. La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Yb, Hf, W, Th, U). The Lanzerstorfer (2020) Archives of Environmental samples were packed in aluminium cups and Contamination and Toxicology, 78, 46-59. irradiated for 3 days. Gamma-ray spectra were measured using an HP Ge detector. Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) was performed Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 90 POSTER (#3) Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Particulate Matter and Trace Elements Levels in the Ambient Air of Urban and Rural Location in Extremadura (Spain) S. Carretero-Peña1, L. Calvo-Blazquez1,*, E. Pinilla-Gil1 (1) Departamento de Química Analítica e IACYS, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas, s/n, 06006, Badajoz, España *lorcalvo@unex.es In 2020, the outbreak of the Covid-19 virus As for the trace elements, the ambient air levels of triggered a global pandemic, as a result of which a As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Mn and V were studied. Among state of lockdown, characterized by restrictions on them, the results obtained for Cu stand out, since mobility and productive and human activity, was there was a decrease in its levels during the decreed for the population. Air pollution is closely lockdown to values below detection limit linked to the three factors indicated through the (0.9 ng/m3) throughout the period, probably related emission of air pollutants in all of them. Therefore, to the reduction of road traffic, especially in the main objective of this research is to know the suburban stations. There was also a significant evolution of the concentrations of particulate matter decrease in V levels during confinement in all (PM) and trace elements in the ambient air of rural monitoring stations, again related to the decrease in and urban areas of Extremadura during the period of anthropogenic sources associated with traffic lockdown by Covid-19. (burning of fuels) that took place. The methodology applied was based on the The elements As, Pb and Mn did not follow a clear statistical comparison of the average concentrations pattern of variation, presenting levels during of each pollutant obtained in five stations of the Air confinement that depended on the sampling Quality Surveillance Network of Extremadura location. Finally, the Cd did not experience (REPICA), corresponding to two defined periods significant variations in any location or PM fraction. [1]. The lockdown period (LDD, lockdown data) was defined for the data obtained between March 15 Acknowledgements and April 30, 2020, and the reference lockdown We acknowledge support from Junta de period (LRD, lockdown reference data) for the data Extremadura, Spain (projects GR21076 and obtained between March 15 and April 30, 2017, IB20081), and the Air Quality Surveillance 2018 and 2019. Network of Extremadura (REPICA) The average levels of PM10 and PM2.5 showed, (1855999FD022), all partially financed by in general, concentrations during the lockdown European Union Funds for Regional Development period significantly lower than those of the (ERDF). reference lockdown period for all the urban stations analyzed, possibly due to the reduction of emissions References from road traffic, as happened in cities such as [1] M. Cerrato-Alvarez, C. Miró-Rodríguez, E. Pinilla-Gil Madrid and Zaragoza [2], and in many other cities (2021) Rev. Int. Contam. Ambient, 37, 237-247. of the world. In the rural station of the Monfragüe [2] X. Querol, A. Alastuey, T. Moreno, G. Gangoiti, E. Mantilla, J.J. Duéguez, M. Escudero (2021) Sci. Total National Park, the concentration during the Environ., 779, 146380. lockdown was lower than in previous years, but not significantly due to the low exposure of the monitoring station to anthropogenic sources. Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 91 SESSION 4: Sustainability ORAL (#4) Urban Wastewater Treatment and Volatile Methylsiloxanes Removal with Microalgal Cultures E.M. Salgado1,2,*, A.L. Gonçalves1,2,3, F. Sánchez-Soberón1,2, N. Ratola1,2, J.C.M. Pires1,2 (1) LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal (2) ALICE – Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal (3) CITEVE – Technological Centre for the Textile and Clothing Industries of Portugal, Rua Fernando Mesquita, 2785, 4760-034 Vila Nova de Famalicão; *Correspondence: up201606419@fe.up.pt; Tel.: +351-91-063-2337 Volatile methylsiloxanes (VMSs) are oligomeric from the PE assay. D6 might have adsorbed onto the alkyl silicones nowadays considered contaminants surface of C. vulgaris to a greater extent due to its of emerging concern (CECs). Due to their ample use physicochemical properties, as it is one of the most in personal care products, these compounds are lipophilic VMSs, with very low water solubility. typically found in wastewaters, ending up in biogas Moreover, the results suggest that PE appears to be and forming SiO2 precipitates in its combustion. more adequate for the study of VMSs removal using These particles cause the breakdown of the microalgal cultures. In conclusion, this study cogeneration equipment in wastewater treatment confirms the extraordinary potential of microalgae plants and decrease the process yield [1]. Biological in urban wastewater treatment and indicates a VMSs removal from wastewaters could be a possible removal of certain VMSs, particularly the sustainable solution. Microalgae are a diverse group more lipophilic ones. of photosynthetic microorganisms with a notable Acknowledgements potential in secondary and tertiary wastewater This work was financially supported by: (i) treatment since they can remove and/or degrade LA/P/0045/2020 (ALiCE) and UIDB/00511/2020- several pollutants [2]. Hence, this study aims to UIDP/00511/2020 (LEPABE) funded by national evaluate the remediation of primary (PE) and funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC); (ii) Project secondary (SE) urban effluents and possible VMSs LANSILOT (ref. PTDC/CTA-AMB/32084/2017; removal using Chlorella vulgaris cultures. The POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032084), project following assays were conducted: (i) a positive PhotoBioValue (ref. PTDC/BTA-BTA/2902/2021), control with microalgae in modified OECD test and project HealthyWaters (ref. NORTE-01-0145- medium; (ii) a negative control with PE; (iii) an FEDER-000069), funded by FEDER funds through experiment with microalgae and PE (PE assay); (iv) COMPETE2020 – Programa Operacional a negative control with SE; and (v) an assay with Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI) and microalgae and SE (SE assay). The microalgal by national funds (PIDDAC) through growth, nitrogen, phosphorus, and VMSs FCT/MCTES; and (iii) E.M. Salgado thanks FCT concentrations were monitored over the course of for the 2021 PhD Research Scholarship - the experiments. Overall, C. vulgaris grew [2021.07412.BD]. successfully and efficiently removed nitrogen and phosphorus from the effluents, evidencing that these References wastewaters can be a suitable culture medium for [1] G. Wang, Z. Zhang, Z. Hao (2019) Critical Reviews in this microalga. The VMSs concentration was Environmental Science and Technology, 49(24), 2257- evaluated not only in the effluents but also in the 2313. [2] E.M. Salgado, A.L. Gonçalves, F. Sánchez-Soberón, microalgal biomass. Four cyclic VMSs were N. Ratola, J.C.M. Pires (2022) International Journal of detected in the effluents and Environmental Research and Public Health, 19, 2634. dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) was the one that accumulated the most in the microalgal biomass Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 95 ORAL (#4) Fatty Acid Profile of Dunaliella tertiolecta in response to Different Selenium Concentrations M. Galić Perečinec1,2,*, L. Čižmek1,2, S. Babić1,2, N. Topić Popović1,2, I. Strunjak-Perović1,2, R. Čož-Rakovac1,2 (1) Laboratory for aquaculture biotechnology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia, (2) Center of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting (BioProCro), Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia *mgalic@irb.hr Due to the increasing human population and the decreases, which indicates that the addition of Se in negative impact of fossil fuel combustion on the a culture medium, as a stress factor, contributes to environment, there is an ever-increasing need for the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids sustainable energy development [1]. Since (MUFA). microalgae offer several advantages (high growth Since highly saturated fatty acids (e.g. C16:0) rate, high oil content, etc), they have been contribute to the satisfactory value of cetane number considered as a promising candidate for alternative and oxidative stability parameters, which represent renewable fuel sources (biodiesel, bioethanol, etc.). important biodiesel standards, it can be concluded The two most important factors affecting biodiesel that the present study reports valuable data production, oil content and microalgal fatty acids regarding the influence of Se on fatty acids content profile, are highly dependent upon the used and profile in microalgae D. tertiolecta and microalgae species and cultivation conditions. therefore potentially sustainable biodiesel Furthermore, studies have confirmed the beneficial production. effect of trace elements (Co, Cr, Mn, Mo, Cu, Fe, Zn) on microalgal growth and lipid content [2]. Acknowledgements This research aimed to assess the dependence of This research was funded by the Croatian total fatty acids content and profile in marine Government and the European Union through the microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta upon exposure to European Regional Development Fund—the different concentrations of sodium selenite (Se) Competitiveness and Cohesion Operational during two-stage cultivation. Total lipids were Programme (KK.01.1.1.01) through the project determined as total fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) Bioprospecting of the Adriatic Sea by in-situ transesterification, while the FAME (K.K.01.1.1.01.001) granted to The Scientific content was determined using gas chromatography Centre of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting— [3]. According to the obtained results, the total BioProCro FAME content of the control treatment group (no Se addition) was approximately 2-fold higher References compared to the 20.00, 40.00 and 80.00 mg L-1 [1] A. Udayan, A.K. Pandey, R. Sirohi, N. Sreekumar, B. selenite treatment groups, which can be explained I. Sang, S.J. Sim, A. Pandey (2022) Phytochemistry by the excessive exposure time of microalgae cells Reviews, 1-28. [2] M.G. Perečinec, S. Babić, L. Čižmek, A. Selmani, N. to Se which leads to a decrease in lipid synthesis. Topić Popović, M. Dutour Sikirić, R. Čož-Rakovac (2022) Furthermore, it was reported that in the control Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 194(2), 930- medium, γ-linoleic acid (C18:3 (c6, c9, c12) and 949. palmitic acid (C16:0) were present in a higher [3] S. Van Wychen, K. Ramirez, K., L.M. Laurens (2016) proportion. Increasing the Se concentration in the National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO culture medium increases the proportion of C16:0, (United States). while the proportion of C18:3 (c6, c9,c12) Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 96 ORAL (#4) Plastic Waste Material as a Sustainable Source of Alternative Fuels and Valuable Chemicals I. Jovancicevic 1,*, J. Schwarzbauer1 Institute for Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, RWTH, Lochnerstr. 4-20, Aachen, Germany *Ivana.Jovancicevic@emr.rwth-aachen.de The use of conventional fossil fuels leads to different temperatures (PP:PS; PE:PET; PP:PET; increasing environmental pollution associated with and PE:PS) in the ratios of 1:1, 1:3, and 3:1. high emission levels of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur Polyethylene reference material was pyrolyzed to oxides, among other pollutants [1]. Therefore, it is reveal a series of triplets corresponding to important to consider other renewable resources to alkadienes, alkenes, and alkanes respectively in the reduce the dependence on petroleum-based means. order of increasing the carbon number by one. In The demand for plastic production is increasing at addition, thermal degradation of polypropylene an alarming rate every year [2]. Unfortunately, demonstrated a mainly aliphatic composition of the improper dispose of plastic waste makes plastic a degradation products, consisting of a number of major environmental problem [2]. However, alkanes and alkenes and a variety of isomers. On considering the high carbon and hydrogen content the other hand, pyrolysis of polystyrene and of these materials, pyrolysis into valuable biofuels polyethylene-terephthalate revealed mainly phenyl- could provide a sustainable method for recovering like degradation products such as α-methylstyrene, the organic content of plastic waste [3]. Moreover, 1-propenylbenzene, benzaldehyde, vinyl benzoate, thermal decomposition could expand the options for etc. However, due to the different types of plastic waste disposal and in that way protect the stabilizers, fillers and pigments contained in the environment [3]. plastic waste, several unknown degradation This study was conducted to identify optimal products were detected during pyrolysis of the experimental conditions for pyrolysis and corresponding waste material, which are not typical copyrolysis of plastic waste materials, in order to for polymers themselves. obtain high quality oil that has the potential to be This work covers significant aspects in terms of commercialized as biofuel or as a source for sustainable development and environmental chemical raw materials. Therefore, most abundant protection. The results obtained in this work polymers such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene indicated a good potential for synthetic polymers to (PP), polystyrene (PS) or poly(ethylene be used in the petrochemical industry as feedstock terephthalate) (PET) as well as corresponding waste for the production of new plastics or refined fuels. material consisting of these polymers were pyrolyzed at different temperatures. For this References purpose, an online Curie-Point-Pyrolizer 1040 PSC [1] A.S. Nizami, M. Rehan, M. Waqas, M. Naqvi, O. directly coupled to a gas chromatograph GC 8000 Ouda, K. Shahzad, R. Miandad, M.Z. Khan, M. Syamsiro, series and a Finnigan Trace Mass Spectrometer as I. Ismail, D. Pant (2017) Bioresource technology, 241, 1101–1117. well as an offline MTF 10/15/130 model Carbolite [2] D.S. Achilias, C. Roupakias, P. Megalokonomos, A.A. tube furnace were used. However, in order to Lappas, Ε.V. Antonakou (2007) Journal of Hazardous determine whether co-pyrolysis of these polymers Materials, 149 (3), 536-542. would lead to changes in the chemical composition [3] L. Zhang, Z. Bao, S. Xia, Q. Lu, K.B. Walters, (2018) of individual polymers, four different two- Catalysts, 8, 659. component mixtures of polymers were pyrolyzed at Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 97 ORAL (#4) Development of Ionic Liquid Based Hydrogels for Iron and Cooper Metallic Patinas on Stone Surfaces P. Irizar1,*, O. Gomez-Laserna1, I. Martínez-Arkarazo1, G. Arana1, J. M. Madariaga1 (1) Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, E-48080, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain *Pablo.irizar@ehu.eus a) Hydrogel loaded with ionic liquids application over a marble surface affected by a cooper patina. b) Result of the clean-up process. Over time, stone materials with metallic artefacts For this purpose, iron and cooper patinas were or structures tend to develop chromatic alterations generated on white calcite marble test samples by as a result of the environmental stressors attack, spraying artificial acidic rain over CorTen steel and mainly when they are regularly exposed to acid rain. bronze pieces. The lixiviates were allowed to The lixiviation and oxidation processes suffered by precipitate on the stone surface generating the the metallic composition generate degradation characteristic ocre and green patinas, respectively. compounds, oxides and salts, which cause a non- For the assessment of the clean-up process, aesthetic metallic patina over all the stone matrix inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry where the metals are placed. In addition to this, (ICP-MS) analysis of the hydrogel applied and biodeterioration factors can affect to stone materials energy dispersive µ-X-Ray fluorescence imaging and cause colour changes on the surface as studies of the stone surface, pre- and post- consequence of the growth of different kind of treatment, were used to examine the elemental bacteria and fungus. In both cases, the patinas not sequestration ability of each hydrogel developed. only produce aesthetic changes but are also the Additionally, an innovative Raman imaging study beginning of much more serious stone pathologies. was used for the most promising formulations in With the purpose of developing cleaning procedures order to characterize the patinas and find out, that prevent long-term damage, different acids like quantitatively, the cleaning effectiveness according citric acid or EDTA in solid supports like agarose to the specific molecular composition, thanks to the [1] and cellulose have been previously used to applications of chemometric models based on direct perform metal extractions from stone surfaces. classical least squares (DCLS). Unfortunately, these treatments have the potential to Finally, the hydrogels were tested on outdoor leave microscopic damages in the stone, especially naturally formed patinas and CIE Lab colorimetric if it has an alkaline nature. However, new measurements were used to evaluate the clean-up technologies based on Ionic liquids (ILs) have effectiveness. recently demonstrated impressive capabilities to Acknowledgements dissolve and extract metals on liquid-liquid This work has been financially supported by the exchanges, in addition to its biocidal potential [2]. project DEMORA (PID2020-113391GB-I00) from Accordingly, in this work, different ILs were the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and embedded into agarose hydrogels as the extracting Competitiveness (MINECO) and by the European component for patina clean up processes. Regional Development Fund (FEDER). P. Irizar Concretely, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate and a gratefully acknowledges his predoctoral grant from mixture of methyltrioctylammonium chloride and the MINECO (PRE2018-085888). trihexyltetradecylphosphonium [3], at different concentrations, with the aim to develop a References multifunctional product that can effectively clean [1] N. Prieto-Taboada, C. Isca, I. Martínez-Arkarazo, et al. up copper and iron patinas from stone materials and (2014) Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. , 21, 12518–12529 also prevent further biological deterioration thanks [2] J. N. Pendleton, B. F. Gilmore, (2015) Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 46, (2) 131-139 to their inherent biocidal properties. [3] G. Lando, O. Gomez-Laserna, E. Proverbio, et al. (2021) Environ. Sci. Pollut Res. , 28, 51072–51087 . Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 98 ORAL (#4) New Reactor Approach for Low-Temperature Catalytic Methane Decomposition V. Pereira1,2, *, L. Alves1,2, P. Dias1,2, F. Pereira2,3, T. Lagarteira1,2, A. Mendes1,2 (1) LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environmental, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal, (2) ALiCE – Associated Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal, (3) LSRE-LCM – Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering – Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal *up201305593@fe.up.pt Hydrogen is expected to be a key energy carrier and showed a stability of ca. 45 h, with a maximum in the current energy transition and catalytic activity of 1 g -1 H2·gNi ·h-1 and no signs of clogging. methane decomposition (CMD) at low temperature Contactor reactors equipped with porous slab (500 – 650 ºC) can make it smoother and swifter, supports or equivalent, showed remarkable compared to water electrolysis. Hydrogen produced improvements compared to the traditional reactors from CMD is also COx-free, less energy demanding for long term CMD. Additionally, they present easy and can use the current natural gas infrastructure, scalability and further developments can be making it much more economically attractive [1]. implemented such as cyclic carbon removal or So far, catalyst deactivation, reactor clogging, and regeneration of the catalyst. pressure build-up have hindered the stability and long-term operation of standard reactors, requiring Acknowledgements the development of alternative designs. The present This work was financially supported by work proposes the application of the catalyst over a LA/P/0045/2020 (ALiCE), UIDB/00511/2020 and porous slab, as a contactor reactor, which allow UIDP/00511/2020 (LEPABE), UIDB/50020/2020 methane to reach catalyst active sites and provide (LSRE-LCM), funded by national funds through sufficient space for carbon growth before this FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC). The authors causes irreversible clogging [2]. acknowledge the European Commission through CMD was tested in different reactor the European Union’s Horizon 2020 programme - configurations at 550 ℃. A commercial Ni/SiO2- FET Proactive research and innovation action - Al2O3 catalyst (Sigma Aldrich) was used in all under grant agreement No. 952219 (112CO2). Vítor experiments. Fixed and fluidized bed reactors were Pereira, Luís Alves and Paula Dias acknowledge the run for 35 min and 4 h, respectively, at ca. Portuguese Foundation of Science and Technology 0.15 g -1 H2·gNi ·h-1. Carbon clogging caused rapid (FCT) support for their grants defluidization and pressure build-up, which SFRH/BD/143218/2019, 2020.10008.BD and ultimately rendered these reactors unviable. CEECIND/02862/2018, respectively. Alternatively, a wall-coated reactor was developed by dip-coating the inner walls of a tubular steel References reactor. Here, the operation was extended to 11.5 h [1] L. Alves, V. Pereira, T. Lagarteira, A. Mendes (2021) with a similar activity. However, carbon growth Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. , 137, 110465. caused inevitable pressure build-up. The best [2] Westermann T, Melin T (2009) Chem Eng Process Process Intensif, 48, 17-28 performing reactor, equipped with an alumina tubular porous support, was prepared by dip coating Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 99 POSTER (#4) Biohydrometallurgical Methods for Cobal and Nickel Recovery from Printed PC Motherboard J. Avdalović1,*, S. Miletić1, S. Spasić1, N. Lugonja1, B. Dojćinović1, J. Milić1, V. Conić3 (1) Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade, Serbia, (2) Mining and Metallurgy Institute Bor, Zeleni bulevar 35, Bor, Serbia *jelena.avdalovic@ihtm.bg.ac.rs E-waste is one of the fastest growing waste. E- KCl (0.1), Ca(NO3)2 (0.01), at a pH of 2.5 in 150 waste contains lots of valuable resources together mL Erlenmeyer flasks at a pulp density of 10% with plenty of heavy metals and hazardous (m/V) (5 g leaching substrate in 50 ml solution). materials, which are considered both an attractive The pH of the leaching solution was maintained at polymetallic secondary source and an a constant value during the leaching process. The environmental contaminant. Therefore, recycle of initial number of microogranisms was 109 per mL, valuable metallic from them are necessary and determined by the Most Probable Number method. compulsory in many developed/developing The control suspension had the same chemical countries [1]. content and pH value as the suspension with The aim of our study was to investigate the Acidithiobacillus sp. B2 but the Acidithiobacillus potential of using the Acidithiobacillus sp. B2 , to sp. B2 culture had been inactivated by sterilization. recovery Co and Ni from printed PC motherboard. The study was realized on a horizontal shaker. The Methodology incubation temperature was 28 °C [2]. Chemical analysis of electronic waste and pyrite Results and conclusions The electronic waste (after separating of the The results of the effective metal leaching plastic parts) and pyrite were pulverized and sieved (calculated by subtraction of percentage metal through a 63 µm stainless steel sieve in preparation leaching in the control suspension from that in the for chemical and leaching studies. Acidithiobacillus sp. B2 suspension) are as follows: Electronic waste preparation for the leaching Ni(36%)>Co(15%). E-waste recycling will be a experiment very important sector in the near future from The presence of alkali components in electronic economic and environmental perspectives. waste is considered inconvenient for the reaction Recycling technology must ensure that e-waste is between the electronic waste and the acidic iron(III) processed in an environmentally friendly manner. sulphate solution. Hence, it is necessary to Authors feel that biohydrometallurgical method will neutralize the electronic waste before adding the be a key player in the metal recovery. bacterial culture which would generate the oxidant. Before the leaching experiment, electronic waste Acknowledgements was dispersed in 0.05 M H2SO4 solution, shaken for This work was financially supported by the Ministry 48 h, filtered from the solution, washed out with of Education, Science and Technological deionized water and dried at 110 °C [2]. Development of the Republic of Serbia (Grant no. Leaching experiments 451-03-9/2022-14/200026 and Grant no. 451-03- The leaching experiments were carried out with 68/2022-14/ 200052). bacterium Acidithiobacillus sp. B2. Experimental References conditions were: leaching period of 20 d, 50 ml [1] M. Kaya (2016 ) Waste Management, 57, 64-90. leaching solution (g/dm3): FeSO [2] J. Jekić, V. Beškoski, G. Gojgić-Cvijović, M. 4 x 7H2O (44.8) (NH Grbavčić, M.M. Vrvić (2007) Journal of the Serbian 4)2SO4 (3), K2HPO4 (0.5), MgSO4 x 7H2O(0.5), Chemical Society, 72, 615-619. Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 100 POSTER (#4) The Role of Ni Film Structure on Catalytic Methane Decomposition L. Alves1,2,*, V. Pereira1,2, T. Lagarteira1,2, P. Dias1,2, G. Prieto3, A. Mendes1,2 (1) LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environmental, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal, (2) ALiCE – Associated Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal, (3) ITQ - Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC), Av. Los Naranjos, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain *up201404142@fe.up.pt Catalytic methane decomposition can produce cost substrate with nanoparticles of Ni/SiO2-Al2O3. The competitive H2, from methane, while avoiding Ni/SiO2-Al2O3 film almost doubled the initial direct emissions of CO2 [1]. This technology may activity, when compared to bulk-Ni, and proved to revolutionize the energy sector, promoting a swift be stable for more than 30 h (>0.4 g -1 H2·gNi ·h-1). To transition from carbon-based to hydrogen-based the best knowledge of the authors, this result energy. However, methane decomposition is outperforms most of those reported in the literature, currently hindered by catalyst deactivation and while being easily scalable and enabling easy clogging of catalyst beds, in conventional reactor carbon removal [2]. Even so, carbon was grown designs, requiring research on alternative catalytic through the porous matrix of both the bulk-Ni and systems. Catalytic films, typically used in supported-Ni films, affecting the mechanical membrane reactors, are one of such alternatives [2]. integrity of the films as the reaction progressed. In this work, methane decomposition was promoted Further work on this type of systems should be by catalytic Ni-based films, namely, dense Ni performed to address this issue and increase the sheets, bulk-Ni porous film and SiO2-Al2O3- industrial prospects of the technology. supported Ni porous film. It was demonstrated that the Ni sheet has very low H2 production activity, Acknowledgements 𝑎H2, which can be attributed to its low specific area. This work was financially supported by Hence, a similar sheet was treated in aqua regia for LA/P/0045/2020 (ALiCE), UIDB/00511/2020 and 12 h to increase surface area and the dispersion of UIDP/00511/2020 (LEPABE), funded by national active sites. However, no significant differences on funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC). The 𝑎H2 were observed. Severe sintering caused the authors acknowledge the European Commission treated surface to form large agglomerates with very through the European Union’s Horizon 2020 low specific area. Consequently, the use of Ni programme - FET Proactive research and sheets under these conditions was found ineffective innovation action - under grant agreement No. to promote methane decomposition reaction. The 952219 (112CO2). Luís Alves, Vítor Pereira and fabrication of catalytic films was also considered, Paula Dias acknowledge FCT support for their through the dip-coating of catalytic powders on grants 2020.10008.BD, SFRH/BD/143218/2019 porous tubular α-Al2O3 substrates. NiO powder was and CEECIND/02862/2018. deposited and then reduced in situ to bulk-Ni. This catalytic film displayed higher 𝑎H2, when compared References to the Ni sheets, but the conversion decreased at a [1] B. Parkinson, P. Balcombe, J. Speirs, A. Hawkes, K. fast rate, due to carbon formation over the catalyst Hellgardt (2019) Energy Environ. Sci., 12, 19-40. [2] L. Alves, V. Pereira, T. Lagarteira, A. Mendes (2021) active sites. As supported Ni nanoparticles are Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. , 137, 110465. known to be both more active and stable than bulk- [3] A. Gili, L. Schlicker, M. Bekheet, O. Görke, D. Kober, Ni [3], a new film was prepared by dip-coating the U. Simon, et al. (2019) ACS Catal. 9, 6999-7011. Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 101 POSTER (#4) Effect of Calcination Step in the Activity of Ir/M-SnO2 Catalysts for PEM Technology R. Marques1,2, S. Delgado1,2, L. Alves1,2,*, T. Lagarteira1,2, T. Lopes1,2, A. Mendes1,2 (1) LEPABE – Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal (2) ALiCE – Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal *up201404142@fe.up.pt PEM electrolysis is considered a promising route and a severe decrease in the electrochemical active to produce high-purity green hydrogen, which is area, particularly for the samples calcined above expected to be a key technology for the swift 300 ºC. transition to a carbon-neutral economy. However, Therefore, the best OER activity and Ir utilisation for practical implementation, anode catalysts must was accomplished with the lowest calcination be improved towards providing high activity with temperature (300 ºC), which is assigned to less amount of precious group metals (PGMs) [1]. amorphous Ir particles. As future work, calcination Iridium oxide is the state-of-the-art catalyst for step at lower temperatures (below 300 ºC) is conducting the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). envisioned. Additionally, the application of the To decrease the Ir loading, an interesting strategy is calcination step to the supports before adding the to disperse Ir particles on electrical conductive iridium should also be studied. supports that can lead to smaller average particle size and subsequently higher OER mass-specific Acknowledgements activity. Doped tin oxides (M-SnO2) are noteworthy This work was financially supported by: electrocatalyst support candidates due to their high LA/P/0045/2020 (ALiCE), UIDB/00511/2020 and electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance [2]. UIDP/00511/2020 (LEPABE), funded by national The polyol method has been widely reported as a funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC); project low-cost and easily scalable technique to produce Baterias 2030, with the reference POCI-01-0247- Ir-supported catalysts. However, few studies report FEDER-046109, co-funded by Operational the influence of a calcination step after the Programme for Competitiveness and synthesis. Since this step can deeply influence the Internationalisation (COMPETE 2020), under the catalyst morphology, it is critical to evaluate the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the impact of a heat-treatment procedure on OER European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). R. activity [3]. Marques, S. Delgado and L. Alves are grateful to In this work, iridium particles were supported in the Portuguese Foundation for Science and antimony-doped tin oxide (SnO2:Sb2O5 – ATO) and Technology (FCT) for the doctoral grants (refs. indium-doped tin oxide (SnO2:In2O3 – ITO) via 2021.06496.BD, SFRH/BD/144338/2019 and polyol method. Subsequently, the catalysts were 2020.10008.BD, respectively). subjected to a calcination step at different temperatures (300 ºC, 375 ºC and 450 ºC) for 3 h. References Electrochemical results show that as the [1] S. Kumar, et al. (2019) Mater. Sci. Technol. , 2(3), 442-calcination temperature increases, the overall 454. catalytic performance decreases. This can be related [2] H. Ohno, et al. (2018) Catalysts, 9(1), 74. [3] F. Karimi, et al. (2017) J. Electrochem. Soc. , 164(4), to the sintering and crystallisation of Ir particles, F464-F474. which leads to a drop in measured current density Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 102 POSTER (#4) Synthesis of Iodine monochloride Using a Chlorine Solution in Glacial acetic acid with Simultaneous Disinfectant Generation N. Radović1,*, K. Stojanović1, S. Savić1 (1) University of Belgrade – Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia *nradovic@chem.bg.ac.rs sulphuric acid (B) to remove moisture. After that, the chlorine is introduced into a vessel filled with glacial acetic acid (C). The excess chlorine is then dissolved in a 10% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution (D) to produce a mixture of sodium hypochlorite and sodium hydroxide, which requires dilution with an appropriate volume of water to obtain an alkaline hypochlorite solution, which has strong disinfectant properties [4]. The chlorine content in the glacial acetic acid solution is determined by iodometric titration [5]; the same technique is used for determining the hypochlorite content after absorbing the excess chlorine in the sodium hydroxide solution. The final Iodine monochloride is an interhalogen solution of iodine monochloride is prepared simply compound that acts as an iodinating reagent for by adding a calculated volume of chlorine solution aromatic compounds, a halogenating agent for in glacial acetic acid to a specified volume of iodine unsaturated compounds and for cleavage of carbon- in the same solvent. The results of our study metal bonds [1]. The direct synthesis of solid iodine demonstrate that the reaction of 0.12 mol potassium monochloride from elements is a very hazardous permanganate with 80 cm3 concentrated procedure in the laboratory due to the high toxicity hydrochloric acid produce 200 cm3 of 0.85 mol/dm3 of chlorine and iodine. chlorine solution in glacial acetic acid and 250 cm3 In this paper, a safer method for obtaining a of 0.34 mol/dm3 alkali sodium hypochlorite solution of iodine monochloride in glacial acetic solution. This amount of chlorine solution in glacial acid, which is used as a reagent for determination of acetic acid is sufficient to prepare approximately 3 the iodine value of fats and oils, is presented. dm3 of 0.1 mol/ dm3 iodine monochloride solution Laboratory preparation of iodine monochloride in the same solvent. solution in glacial acetic acid is described in AOAC Official Method 993.20 - Iodine Value of Fats and Acknowledgements Oils [2]: chlorine gas passes through the iodine This study was financed by the Ministry of solution in acetic acid until a change in the colour Education, Science and Technological of the solution is observed. If excess of chlorine is Development of Republic of Serbia (Contract present in the resultant solution, it must be number: 451-03-68/2022-14/200168). neutralised by adding of iodine solution in acetic acid. The main disadvantage of this method is the References barely noticeable change in colour from brown to [1] R.G. Brisbois, R.A. Wanke, K.A. Stubbs, R.V. Stick, reddish brown and the lack of a procedure for the U. Ellervik, in Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic safe removal of chlorine excess after preparing the Synthesis, A. Charette, T. Rovis, J. Bode (Eds.), New reagent. Considering the fact that chlorine gas is York (USA), Wiley, 2013, 1-6. soluble in glacial acetic acid [3], we have overcome [2] Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. the mentioned deficiencies of AOAC Official W. Horwitz, 17. Edition, Gaithersburg (USA), AOAC International, 2000, Chapter 41, 7-9. Method 993.20 by introducing chlorine gas into the [3] Solubility Data Series, Volume 12. C. Young (Ed.), glacial acetic acid at 298K. The figure shows the Exeter (GB), IUPAC, 1983, 386-387. process to obtain a chlorine solution in glacial acetic [4] S. Fukuzaki (2006) Biocontrol Science, 11, 147-157. acid. The necessary volume of concentrated [5] Quantitative Analytical Chemistry. D. C. Harris, 8. hydrochloric acid is added to the solid potassium Edition, New York (USA), W.H. Freeman & Company, permanganate in the reactor vessel (A) and the 2010, 351-356. container is immediately closed. Chlorine gas is released, which flows through concentrated Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 103 POSTER (#4) Determination of PAHs in Flying Ashes from Multi-cyclones and Baghouse Dust Filters I. Gevinc1, G. Salihoglu1, D. Mazur2, R. Gošnak Dahmane3, P. Trebše3,* (1) Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Engineering, Environmental Engineering Department, Bursa, Turkey, (2) Moscow State University, Chemistry Department, Moscow, Russia (3) University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Zdravstvena pot 5, Ljubljana, Slovenia *polonca.trebse@zf.uni-lj.si Sewage sludge, a semi-solid material, is an Bursa city, which has a capacity to incinerate 400 inevitable residue of wastewater treatment process. tons dry matter sludge/day. The sewage sludge that It is generated in large amounts. The total amount the plant incinerates is the end product of of sewage sludge generated by 27 EU countries Bardenpho process. ranged between 2852 and 7844 tons of dry matter For the extraction of fly ash sample, Soxhlet (DM), while the mean level was 5680 ± 1231 tons extraction was used. The extraction solvent used of DM, between years 2006 and 2017 [1]. Mean was mixture of acetone and hexane (1:1). Sample of specific sludge production is estimated to be 21.9 fly ash (10 g) was placed into extraction thimble, kg/population equivalent/year in the European covered with cotton and left for boiling. Period of Union (EU) [2]. Incineration is a commonly the experiment was 3 days, 6 hours/day with 6 preferred method in sewage sludge management cycles/hour. The extraction mixture was because of its high volume reduction capacity. evaporated, then 2 mL of CH2Cl2 was added and However, a waste, namely sludge ash is being filtered through 45 um filter for GC-MS analysis. generated in considerable amounts as a result of The extracts were analyzed with with Pegasus® incineration. GC-HRT+ 4D high resolution time-of-flight mass- Most of the studies on sewage sludge have focused spectrometer (LECO Corporation) coupled to gas on heavy metal residue, so there are not many chromatograph Agilent 7890A (Agilent studies about organic pollutants, such as Technologies). Identification and quantification of polychlorinated dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls PAHs was done using standard mixture of PAHs (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), (Restek) and naphthalene-D8 as internal standard. and others. Sewage sludge pollution due to PAHs is The results have shown the presence of quite common [3]. PAHs are hydrophobic and can acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, easily be removed from sewage and absorbed by phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene in the case solid particles during the activated sludge treatment of bag filter, and additionally naphthalene in the process of wastewater. The EU has enacted case of multi-cyclon filter ash. legislation controlling the total concentration of PAHs in sewage sludge for agriculture use. References According to this protocol the concentration should [1] EUROSTAT, 2020. Sewage sludge production and not exceed 6.0 mg/kg. disposal from urban wastewater. In: Comission, E. (Ed.). In this study, two types of sewage sludge https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ databrowser/view/TEN00030/default/table, Luxembourg. incineration ashes from multi-cyclones and [2] A. Kelessidis, A.S. Stasinakis (2012) Waste Manage, baghouse dust filters have been investigated in order 32(6):1186–1195. to identify the levels of PAHs. [3] D. Bodzek, B. Janoszka, C. Dobosz, L.Warsecha, Sewage sludge incineration ashes were obtained M.Bodzek (1997) Journal of Chromatography A, 774 (1-from the fluidized bed incinerator (>850oC) plant of 2), 177-192. Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 104 POSTER (#4) Phytotoxicity of Endocrine Disrupters Nonylphenol and Bisphenol A in Pelargonium Zonale K. Antić1,*, M. Stošić2, J. Radonić2, T. Šolević Knudsen1 (1) University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Chemistry, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia, (2) University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and Health, Novi Sad, Serbia *katarina.antic@ihtm.bg.ac.rs Introduction Results The phytotoxicity of individual plant species Following the completion of the 14-day utilized in phytoremediation systems must be experiment, the efficiency of removing the assessed in order to improve the systems [1]. This Bisphenol A from the model solution using the plant study investigated the phytotoxicity of endocrine species Pelargonium Zonale was 74 %, while the disruptors Nonylphenol and Bisphenol A in the efficiency of removing Nonylphenol was 67 %. The plant species Pelargonium Zonale. course of reduction of the concentrations of the analysed analytes during the experiment is detailed Materials and methods in Table 1. The research was conducted over a 14-day period Table 1. Reduction of the concentrations of the in a model solution under laboratory settings. analysed analytes during the experiment Greenhouse conditions were reproduced, with a temperature ranging from 20 to 30 °C and an air CBPA [mg L-1] CNP [mg L-1] humidity of 45 %. 0. day 0.091 0.091 The model solution, which consisted of 20 L of 4. day 0.030 0.046 tap water and 2 L of Hoagland's solution with a pH 14. day 0.024 0.030 of 6.8, was placed in plastic trough. The plastic trough was then filled with 1 kg of Pelargonium On the final day of the experiment, phytotoxicity Zonale seedlings secured with a metal mesh to characteristics such as leaf speckling, leaf margin ensure semi-submerged conditions. Finally, the necrosis (browning) and chlorosis (yellowing), leaf model solution was spiked with 2 mg each of cupping, plant stunting, and even mortality of a few Nonylphenol, Tech. and Bisphenol A, 99+ %, seedlings were observed. standard solutions made by Sigma-Aldrich, diluted in 3 mL of Methanol. Aeration was added into the Conclusion system utilizing a Champion CX-0098 air pump on The experiment demonstrated a considerable the third day of the experiment. After the degree of phytotoxicity as well as a high success experiment was set up, 2 L of model solution was rate in reducing the concentrations of Bisphenol A sampled on the fourth and fourteenth days. and Nonylphenol utilizing the plant species The model solution samples were prepared for Pelargonium Zonale, whose optimization for the analysis on a GC-MS device in accordance with the goal of application requires additional testing. standard DIN EN ISO 18857-2:2012-01. The investigated analytes were quantified using the References internal standard deuterated bisphenol A, 2,2-Bis(4- [1] J.-M. Kim, J. Ha, K.-H. Kim, T. Lee, J. Heo, J. Jung, hydroxyphenyl)propane-d16. J. Lee, S. Kang (2021) Journal of Pesticide Science, 46(2), 168-172. Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 105 POSTER (#4) Determination of the Products of Bacterial Lignin Degradation: Targeted and Non-Targeted Screening H. Plešnik1,2*, Ž. Tkalec2, M. Zugan1,2, A. Lapanje1, T. Kosjek1,2 (1) Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, (2) International Postgraduate School Jožef Stefan, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia *helena.plesnik@ijs_si Lignin is a complex heterogeneous aromatic that they are in fact produced by bacteria during the biopolymer, found in plant cell walls as one of the incubation time. components of lignocellulose [1]. Though primarily As lignin and consequently also the degradation present in nature, large quantities are daily product mixture are very heterogeneous and a generated as a waste product in paper and biofuel targeted method cannot be expected to cover the full industries. To date, lignin is still mostly burned as range of compounds present, LC-HRMS-based low-quality fuel despite its considerable potential non-targeted screening was performed. Comparing for transformation into value-added chemicals as it the acquired data to HRMS databases, tentative is a rich source of aromatic molecules. [2] This is structures of further compounds have been mainly due to its heterogeneous composition and proposed. resistance to degradation, which makes any The obtained results clearly demonstrate the refinement very complex, but also because of the ability of Paraburkholderia jirisanensis sp. to extensive purification, required by the obtained degrade lignin, therefore holding a potential for products. [3] As a result of the recent energy crisis, environmentally friendly lignin valorization. interest in lignin and its valorization has grown considerably in the last few years, mainly focusing Acknowledgements on more environmentally friendly degradation by The research was carried out under the Applause microorganisms. The majority of research has so far (Grant Agreement No UIA02-228), Greener (Grant been done on fungi, though it was later concluded Agreement No 826312) and SurfBio (Grant that they are unsuitable for large-scale use due to the Agreement No 952379) projects and the Slovenian complexity of their enzymes. [4] Research Agency programme group (P1-0143). We studied the less researched bacterial degradation, focusing on selected strains of the References species Paraburkholderia jirisanensis sp. , which [1] S. Schoenherr, M. Ebrahimi, P. Czemrmak (2018) holds a gene for the production of ligninolytic Lignin-Trends Appl., 29-64. enzymes of the laccase class. The bacteria were [2] Z. Chen, C. Wan (2018) Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 73, 610-621. incubated with lignin as an energy source and the [3] T. Bugg, M. Ahmad, E. Hardiman, R. Rahmanpour resulting product mix was subjected to analyses (2011) NPR, 28, 1883-1896. comprising target and non-targeted LC-MS/MS and [4] G. De Gonzalo, D. I. Colpa, M. H. Habib, M. W. LC-HRMS screening. The target analytical method Fraaije (2016) Journal of Biotechnology, 236, 110-119. was developed using 14 monomeric phenolic compounds that have been reported in the literature as degradation products. Results showed that four of them appeared in the product mixture which implies Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 106 POSTER (#4) GC-MS Analysis of Liquid Fractions Obtained by Off-Line Pyrolysis of Reference Synthetic and Natural Polymers D. Savić1,*, J. Isailović1, E. Vukićević2, I. Jovančićević3, G. Gajica4, M. Antić1, B. Jovančićević2, J. Schwarzbauer3, V. Antić1 (1) University of Belgrade - Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, Belgrade, Serbia, (2) University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia, (3) Institute for Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstr. 4-20, 52056 Aachen, Germany, (4) Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metalurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade, Serbia *dajana.savic@agrif.bg.ac.rs When waste biomass or plastic residues are stored pyrolysis was performed for 90 minutes. [3] The or landfilled without control, they can represent a ratio of the areas of the most intensive peaks in GC- significant environmental problem. The idea of this MS spectra was calculated in order to examine the paper was to examine the liquid fraction obtained by influence of temperature and time. Many valuable pyrolysis of some reference synthetic and natural compounds were identified in liquid fractions, such polymers to evaluate their potential for generating as various solvents, precursors of compounds valuable chemicals in further co-pyrolysis of beneficial for the food industry, and compounds that agricultural and plastic waste materials. Pyrolysis is can be used as pesticides, herbicides, etc. a frequently used process of thermochemical Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded conversion, which involves heating the sample that the temperature and time change did not hugely without the presence of oxygen. Pyrolysis can be impact the pyrolysis products. After identifying the used to solve accumulated agricultural and plastic acquired products, further co-pyrolysis experiments waste materials in order to obtain valuable products, are planned, to examine the synergy of synthetic and such as biofuel or some compounds of importance natural polymers in this process. in the pharmaceutical and food industry [1, 2]. However, before any analysis of real samples, it is Acknowledgements crucial to examine the pyrolysis of reference This work is supported by the project “Agricultural polymers, which can be found in actual plastic and residues and plastic waste materials as a sustainable biomass samples. source of alternative fuels and valuable chemicals” The pyrolysis of the following reference synthetic (AGRIPLAST), grant No. 01DS21008. polymers was performed in this work: polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and References poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Natural [1] Y. Zhenga, L. Taob, X. Yanga, Y. Huanga, C. Liua, Z. reference polymers, the constituents of agricultural Zhenga (2018) Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 133, 185-197. waste, were also pyrolyzed, such as lignin, [2] B. B. Uzoejinwaa, X. Hea, S. Wanga, A. Abomohraa, hemicellulose, cellulose, and hydroxyethyl Y. Hua, Q. Wanga (2018) Energy Conversion and cellulose. The liquid fractions were analyzed using Management, 163, 468-492. gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). [3] M.V. Navarro, J.M. Lopez, A. Veses, M.S. Callen, T. Pyrolysis of each reference polymer was performed García (2018) Energy, 165, 731-742. at different temperatures and during different periods to examine the influence of these parameters on the composition of obtained products. The pyrolysis temperatures were selected based on the thermogravimetric curves for the corresponding reference polymers, and each Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 107 POSTER (#4) Comparison of Off-Line Pyrolysis of Commercial Biopolymers and Biomass Samples J. Isailović1,*, D. Savić1, E. Vukićević2, I. Jovančićević3, G. Gajica4, M. Antić1, B. Jovančićević2, J. Schwarzbauer3, V. Antić1 (1) University of Belgrade - Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, Belgrade, Serbia, (2) University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia, (3) Institute for Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstr. 4-20, 52056 Aachen, Germany, (4) Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metalurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade, Serbia *jelena.isailovic@agrif.bg.ac.rs In off-line conditions, four biopolymer standards Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded and three biomass samples were pyrolyzed in this that after the pyrolysis of natural polymers, a large work. Biopolymer standards: hemicellulose, amount of solid residue remains, and the yield of cellulose, lignin, and hydroxyethyl cellulose were solid residue decreases with increasing pyrolysis pyrolyzed at two different temperatures, which were temperature. The results also showed that pyrolysis chosen based on thermogravimetric results. For the oil from agricultural waste rich in alkaloids first temperature, the middle of the (tobacco, tomato) is a source of valuable chemicals, thermogravimetric curve was taken, while the end especially agrochemicals and pharmaceutical of the same curve was used for the second products. temperature. [1] The temperatures at which the biopolymer standards were pyrolyzed were: Acknowledgements hemicellulose at 315 and 400 ℃, cellulose at 350 This work is supported by the project “Agricultural and 400 ℃, lignin at 400 and 600 ℃, and residues and plastic waste materials as a sustainable hydroxyethyl cellulose at 300 and 400 ℃. All source of alternative fuels and valuable chemicals” samples were pyrolyzed for 30 and 60 minutes in (AGRIPLAST), grant No. 01DS21008. duplicate. The weights of the samples were about 100 mg. References Three different agricultural residues (waste [1] A. O. Oyeduna, C. Z. Teeb, S. Hansonb Chi, W. Huia biomass), i.e., tobacco, tomato, and corn stalks, (2014) Fuel Processing Technology, 128, 471-481. were pyrolyzed at the same temperatures. [2, 3] [2] G. Wang, Y. Dai, H. Yang, Q. Xiong, K. Wang, J. Zhou, Y. Li, S. Wang (2020) Energy Fuels, 34 (12), After each pyrolysis, the weight of the solid residue 15557–15578. was measured. The amount of solid residue after [3] B. Yan, S. Zhang, W. Chen, Q. Cai (2018) Journal of pyrolysis of biomass was compared with the amount Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 136, 248-254. of solid residue after pyrolysis of polymer standards. The chemical composition of liquid fractions obtained by pyrolysis of biopolymer standards and waste biomass were compared by applying gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The most abundant compounds in all pyrolyzates were identified. Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 108 POSTER (#4) Physicochemical Characterization of Biomass Samples Used for Pyrolysis and Co-Pyrolysis for Pyrolytic Processes E. Vukićević1,*, D. Savić2, J. Isailović2, I. Jovančićević3, G. Gajica4, M. Antić2, B. Jovančićević1, J. Schwarzbauer3, V. Antić2 (1) University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia, (2) University of Belgrade - Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, Belgrade, Serbia, (3) Institute for Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstr. 4-20, 52056 Aachen, Germany, (4) Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metalurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade, Serbia *emilija@chem.bg.ac.rs Agricultural countries should focus on reusing to 6.5. It was observed that good homogenization is agricultural waste because this waste is managed required due to the different pH values of parts of mainly by incineration, which leads to increasing the same plant (e.g. leaves and stems). The ash environmental pollution. content was about 4 %, except for tomatoes, which The most common agricultural waste is biomass, amounted to about 7 %. Hemicellulose was the most which can be converted by the pyrolysis process abundant in the biomass samples, followed by into liquid products (bio-oil), gases and lignite-type cellulose and the least abundant lignin. The coal called bio-char, which is suitable for various elemental analysis confirmed that the examined purposes. In this way, environmental pollution samples are suitable for pyrolysis due to the high caused by waste biomass is prevented. Biomass percentage of carbon (40-45 %). The high samples used in this research are corn, tomato and proportion of S (18 %) in one maize variety is tobacco stalks. The stalks are a rich source of attractive, which may be a consequence of the biomass that is otherwise treated as Physico- different compositions of the soil on which the chemical characterization aims to determine crops were grown. The calorific value of the important characteristics of biomass samples before biomass samples was about 17-18 MJ/kg, which is their pyrolysis and further analysis, such as in the range of the heating value of wood (18-22 moisture and dry matter, pH, ash, lignin, cellulose, MJ/kg). hemicellulose, elemental analysis and calorimetry. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded Samples should meet certain conditions to be that adequately prepared biomass based on pyrolyzed and give the desired products by agricultural residues can be used for pyrolytic pyrolysis. Dry matter and moisture content included experiments to produce bio-oil and bio-char. oven drying at 105 °C. In contrast, ash Furthermore, biomass can be used in co-pyrolysis determination involved burning the samples in an with other types of waste (e.g. waste plastic) to oven at 750 °C. The method used to determine the increase the quality of pyrolytic products. content of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose was based on the solubility of these substances in Acknowledgements different solvents [2]. The elemental analysis This work is supported by the project “Agricultural included the analysis of C, H, N and S content in the residues and plastic waste materials as a sustainable samples, while the caloric value was measured by source of alternative fuels and valuable chemicals” the standard calorimetric method. (AGRIPLAST), grant No. 01DS21008. After drying in air, all samples had a low percentage of moisture (about 5-6 %) and, therefore, References a high content of dry matter, which enabled their use [1] L. Zhang, Z. Bao, S. Xia, Q. Lu, K. B. Walters (2018) Catalysts, 8, 659. in the pyrolysis process for the production of bio-oil [2] A. M. Mansor, J. S. Lim, F. N. Ani, H. Hashim, W. S. and bio-char. The determined pH values showed Ho, (2019) Chemical Engineering Transactions, 72, 79- that all samples were slightly acidic, ranging from 6 84. Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 109 POSTER (#4) Pyrolysis Characteristics of Sewage Sludge and Municipal Solid Waste Subjected to the Torrefaction Process M. Ivanovski1,2,*, A. Petrovič1, J. Stergar1,3, R. Vončina2, D. Goričanec1, D. Urbancl1 (1) University of Maribor, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Maribor, Slovenia, (2) Elektroinštitut Milan Vidmar, Ljubljana, Slovenia, (3) University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Maribor, Slovenia *maja.ivanovski@eimv.si In the last years, torrefaction process of sewage References sludge (SS) and municipal solid wastes (MSW) [1] European Commission, “COM(2019) 640 final,” Eur. have gained much attention in the terms of reaching Green Deal, vol. 53, no. 9, pp. 1689–1699, 2019, doi: the climate and energy goals set up in the European 10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004. [2] A. T. Hoang et al. (2021) Fuel Process. Technol. , 223, Green Deal [1]. Torrefaction is defined as a pre-106997. treatment method where biomass is heated up at [3] M. Ivanovski, D. Goricanec, J. Krope, D. Urbancl temperatures ranging from 200 °C to 300 °C in dry (2021) Energy, 122483. and inert or non-inert atmosphere to improve [4] R.K. Singh, T. Patil, A.N. Sawarkar (2020) Bioresour. physical and chemical properties of biomaterials [2, Technol. Reports, 12, 100558. 3]. In this present work, the torrefaction process of [5] M. Ivanovski, A. Petrovic, I. Ban, D. Goricanec, D. above-mentioned biomass materials was studied in Urbancl (2021) 1–22. order to determine the general characteristics of obtained biomaterials. Different types of SS materials (SS1 and SS2) and MSW were thermally treated at 250 °C in semi-inert atmosphere for 1.5 h using Bosio furnace type EUP-K 6/1200. Proximate and ultimate analyses have been performed, together with TGA/DTG experiments. Thermal stability of torrefied samples was carried out using a thermogravimetric analysis (Mettler TGA thermogravimetric analyzer TGA/SDTA, 851e and TGA 2, (Mettler Toledo, Switzerland)) under an air atmosphere. Samples were taken in a 70 μL aluminium crucibles (Al2O3) and heated to raise the temperature from 30 °C to 800 °C at three different heating rates: 10, 15 and 20 K/min. The findings revealed that SS and MSW degrade faster at the same temperatures than lignocellulosic biomass, and that mass yields are lower compared to the woody biomass. Moreover, the optimal temperature has been determined to be around 260 °C. The obtained results will be useful in the future when kinetics of biomass will be investigated [4, 5]. Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 110 POSTER (#4) Life Cycle Assessment of Nature-Based Solution for Wastewater Treatment S. Radovic1,*, M. Turk Sekulic1, S. Pap1,2 , B. Agarski1, D. Vukelic1, J. Radonic1, S. Dmitrasinovic1, J. Prodanovic3 (1) Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and Health, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, 21 000 Novi Sad, Serbia, (2) Environmental Research Institute, UHI North Highland, University of the Highlands and Islands, Thurso, Caithness, Scotland, KW14 7JD, UK; (3) Faculty of Technology in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21 000 Novi Sad, Serbia *sanjaradovic@uns.ac.rs Coagulation/flocculation technology is showed high performances in terms of commonly used in wastewater treatment systems. turbidity removal (55.2-68.3 %); However, commercially utilised coagulants based • The lowest impact on the environment, per on aluminium (Al) and iron (Fe) salts can cause declared unit (DU), was observed for GA environmental and health problems. One of the coagulant production due to addition of possible solutions to overcome mentioned problems carrier material in spray drying phase; is usage of new coagulants of “green” origin, as one • Extraction type did not significantly of the specific nature-based solution for wastewater influence results of LCA, i.e., negligible remediation [1]. Alternative coagulants are yet to be differences in environmental impact were understood and evaluated before their commercial spotted for KNO and UNO coagulant; application. As a step forward, this work evaluates • The main hot spot in all three coagulant ecological aspects of the production of three production processes was the electricity coagulant types obtained from the common bean consumption within spray drying process seeds ( Phaseolus vulgaris). (90% of all impact categories); All coagulants were obtained using the same • Scale-up of the production process could extraction agent, i.e., 0.5 M NaCl solution, but with lead to process optimisation. different extraction procedures: conventional solid- liquid (KNO coagulant) and ultrasound extraction Acknowledgements (UNO and GA coagulants). Conversion of liquid The research has been supported by the Ministry of into powdered coagulants was achieved by spray Education, Science and Technological drying process without (KNO and UNO coagulants) Development, Republic of Serbia, through the or with addition of carrier materials (GA coagulant) project number 451-03-68/2022-14/200156: [2]. “Innovative scientific and artistic research from the In order to evaluate environmental aspects of FTS (activity) domain” and by the Innovation Fund, three coagulants production, determine their hot- Republic of Serbia, ID 5156 through the project spots and discover the most eco-friendly one, a life Proof of Concept. cycle assessment (LCA) was performed. Produced coagulants were additionally tested for their References viability to treat waters with elevated turbidity [1] W.L. Ang, A.W. Mohammad (2020) Journal of values. Cleaner Production, 262:121267 Comparing both ecological and performance [2] S. Radovic, M. Turk Sekulic, B. Agarski, S. Pap, D. Vukelic, I. Budak, J. Prodanović (2022) International aspects of each coagulant, several conclusions can Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN be highlighted: • 1735-1472 In general, the production process was simple (three-step), not chemically demanding and all obtained coagulants Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 111 POSTER (#4) Environmental Bioremediation is the Technology of the Future in Sustainable Development S. Miletić1,*, S. Spasić1, J. Avdalović1, N. Lugonja1, A. Žerađanin1, M. Vrvić2, V. Beškoski3 (1) University of Belgrade-Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade, Serbia, (2) BREM GROUP Ltd., Oslobođenja 39b, Belgrade, Serbia (3) University of Belgrade – Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia *srdjan.miletic@ihtm.bg.ac.rs Soil pollution may arrive from many sources. itself was described in earlier works.[5] These can be discrete and point sources of pollution, After the end of the enhanced bioremediation, diffusion sources, pollution due to fertilization, there was a significant reduction in the total accidental situations such as oil spills. The main petroleum hydrocarbons (up to 94%), while the sources of soil pollution are agrochemical, urban, content of humic acids increased (up to 47%). industrial, atmospheric, and incidental.[1] These results are just one more of many Pesticides, heavy/toxic metals, hydrocarbons and confirmations that bioremediation is a technology to nuclear waste are distinguished by their toxicity.[2] restore polluted environment with the help of Remediation is a logical continuation that results biological agents such as bacteria, fungi and other from the fact that in some habitat there are microorganisms and their enzymes. This is a good concentrations of pollutants in illegal amounts. The example of green technology where goal of remediation is to bring the polluted habitat microorganisms decompose toxic substances from into a sustainable environment, whereby the the environment, creating useful molecules and concentration of pollutants is reduced below the restoring the environment. maximum permitted by law.[1] Of all the remediation technologies, the use of Acknowledgements microorganisms in the bioremediation process is The authors would like to thank the Ministry of considered the most eco-friendly due to its Education, Science and Technological efficiency. This is, among other things, because no Development of Republic of Serbia (Contract additional waste is created during bioremediation, number: 451-03-68/2022-14/200026) for financial but the existing waste is broken down or converted support. into a less toxic form (for heavy metals). In addition, in the process of soil bioremediation, References there is an increase in the content of humic acids, [1] Soil Pollution. I. A. Mirsal, 2nd Edition, Berlin, which are an indicator of soil quality.[3] Heidelberg, Springer, 2008. In order to ensure the acceleration of natural [2] C.C. Azubuike, C.B. Chikere, G.C. Okpokwasili (2016) World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, degradation processes, primarily oil hydrocarbons, 32, 180. enhanced bioremediation technology is often [3] A. Boveiri Dehsheikh, M. Mahmoodi Sourestani, M. resorted to, which involves the addition of nutrients Zolfaghari, N. Enayatizamir (2020) Journal of Cleaner (biostimulation) and the addition of Production, 256, 120439. microorganisms (bioaugmentation).[4] [4] F. Wang, W. Dong, H. Wang, Y. Zhao, Z. Zhao, J. In our research, we examined the content of total Huang, T. Zhou, Z. Wu, W. Li (2022) Chemosphere, 291, petroleum hydrocarbons and the content of humic 132770. acids found in oil-polluted soil before and after 150 [5] V. P. Beškoski, G. Gojgić-Cvijović, J. Milić, M. Ilić, S. Miletić, T. Šolević, M.M. Vrvić, T. Solević, M.M. days of bioremediation. Bioremediation was Vrvić, T. Šolević, M.M. Vrvić (2011) Chemosphere, 83, performed with a consortium of microorganisms 34–40. isolated from contaminated soil, and the procedure Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 112 POSTER (#4) Microalgal Cultures for Wastewater Polishing: Application of Artificial Neural Networks for Process Modelling and Control E. M. Salgado1,2,*, A. F. Esteves1,2, A. L. Gonçalves1,2,3, J. C. M. Pires1,2 (1) LEPABE – Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal (2) ALICE – Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal (3) CITEVE – Technological Centre for the Textile and Clothing Industries of Portugal, Rua Fernando Mesquita, 2785, 4760-034 Vila Nova de Famalicão *up201606419@fe.up.pt; Tel.: +351-91-063-2337 Microalgae are a diverse group of photosynthetic with the increase of the initial nitrogen microorganisms with an extraordinary potential for concentration. The same correlation was found in wastewater treatment due to their rapid growth rate, the phosphorus removal rates for ratios between 19 CO2 fixation ability and efficient removal of and 67: increasing phosphorus concentration numerous pollutants such as nitrogen and increased the removal rate. Moreover, the results phosphorus [1]. Nevertheless, wastewater showed that with low N:P ratios, nitrogen composition can greatly vary depending on the concentration could limit phosphorus uptake by source, location, and season of collection. When microalgae, while phosphorus concentration might using microalgal systems for wastewater limit nitrogen uptake with high ratios. ANN models bioremediation, it is crucial to comprehend how presented a high fitting performance, being a variations in the nitrogen and phosphorus levels can relevant tool for process modelling and control. The impact their growth and nutrient removal efficiency. combined effect of each pair of input variables on Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the effect of the output variables was also analysed based on the different initial nitrogen to phosphorus (N:P) molar determined ANN model. Lastly, the present work ratios on these parameters. Moreover, artificial suggests that microalgal-based systems can be a neural networks (ANNs) were developed to reliable, sustainable, and efficient technology for evaluate their potential for predicting biomass wastewater bioremediation. productivity and nutrient removal rates based on the initial and instantaneous concentrations of biomass Acknowledgements and nutrients. The structure of ANN models was This work was financially supported by: (i) optimised based on the Akaike information LA/P/0045/2020 (ALiCE) and UIDB/00511/2020- criterion. For this purpose, Chlorella vulgaris was UIDP/00511/2020 (LEPABE) funded by national cultured in synthetic wastewater with different funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC); and (ii) nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations to simulate Project PhotoBioValue (ref. PTDC/BTA- the composition of real wastewater. Different assays BTA/2902/2021), funded by FEDER funds through were conducted with N:P molar ratios between 2 COMPETE2020—Programa Operacional and 67 to comprise values reported in the literature Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI) and for various real wastewaters. Microalgal growth by national funds (PIDDAC) through FCT/MCTES. parameters and nutrient concentrations were A.F. Esteves and E.M. Salgado thank FCT for the monitored for each experiment. Overall, the studied financial support of their work through the FCT microalga was able to grow in all the experimental PhD Research Scholarships 2020.05477.BD and conditions, with a similar growth behaviour 2021.07412.BD, respectively. between the assays. Regarding nutrient removal, C. References vulgaris efficiently removed nitrogen and [1] E.M. Salgado, A.L. Gonçalves, F. Sánchez-Soberón, phosphorus from the synthetic wastewater. For N. Ratola, J.C.M. Pires (2022) International Journal of ratios 2-19, the nitrogen removal rates increased Environmental Research and Public Health, 19, 2634. Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 113 POSTER (#4) Arthrospira platensis as a Highly Sustainable Ingredient for Eco-friendly Cosmetics A. Martić1, *, L. Čižmek1,2, M. Baković1, M. Galić Perečinec1,2, E. Djedović1, N. Topić-Popović1,2, T. Vujović1, R. Čož- Rakovac1,2 (1) Laboratory for aquaculture biotechnology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia, (2) Center of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting (BioProCro), Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia *amartic@irb.hr Arthrospira platensis is a promising and difference was observed. The highest lipid content sustainable microalga characterized by easy growth was around 2% for samples dried at 40 and 50°C. without the need for herbicide or pesticide usage, Fatty acid composition revealed a similar and a possibility to utilize the whole microalgae qualitative and quantitative distribution of fatty without waste and harmful greenhouse gas acids in all samples. Saturated fatty acids were the emissions. It represents a valuable source of most represented, followed by monounsaturated bioactive compounds with different health- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, among which promoting properties which makes A. platensis an essential omega-6 (linoleic acid) and omega-3 attractive ingredient for the formulation of eco- (docosahexaenoic acid) fatty acids were found. friendly cosmetics [1]. Total protein, carbohydrate, and pigment contents As dehydration is one of the crucial production are influenced by drying temperatures with steps in the cosmetic, pharmaceutic, and food differences between samples. industries, the aim of this work was to investigate Duration of drying along with an increase in the influence of different drying temperatures on the temperature has shown to have an impact on chemical composition of A. platensis. Antioxidant chemical composition and activity among samples. activity of methanol: dichloromethane (1:1) extracts Overall results point out that A. platensis can be from differently dried (40, 50, 60, 80, and 100°C) utilized by different industries in an economically samples was analyzed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl- and eco-friendly manner by using intermediate hydrazyl (DPPH), reduction of the radical cation temperatures of drying while preserving the (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) beneficial properties of this microalga. and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. The influence of drying temperature on total Acknowledgments protein, carbohydrate, pigment, and lipid content This study was financially supported by: was evaluated, while gas chromatography was Development of Innovative Biobased Products by carried out to determine fatty acid composition. in silico Assessment of Microalgae Bioactivity By implementing ABTS and DPPH methods, the (KK.01.2.1.02.0015), financed by the European highest antioxidant activity was observed for the Union through the European Regional Development sample dried at 40°C followed by 50 and 80°C dried Fund—the Competitiveness and Cohesion samples with 1.5- and 2.5-fold lower activity Operational Program. (p<0.005). ORAC results showed the highest activity for samples dried at 50°C when compared References to other samples (p<0.0001) while FRAP assay [1] I. Ragusa, G.N. Nardone, S. Zanatta, W. Bertin, E. revealed high activity off all tested extracts Amadio (2021) Cosmetics, 8, 7. [2] I. Jerković, A.M. Cikoš, S. Babić, L. Čižmek, K. indicating electron transfer as the main mechanism, Bojanić, K. Aladić, N.V. Ul'Janovskii, D.S. Kosyakov, with the highest activity for samples dried at 40°C A.T. Lebedev, R. Čož-Rakovac, P. Trebše, S. Jokić (2021) and 100°C among which no statistically significant Marine drugs, 19, 235. Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 114 SESSION 5: One health ORAL (#5) Innovative Data Visualisation Tool to Aid Addressing Pharmaceutical Pollution in the Scottish Water Environment L. Niemi 1,*, S. Gibb1, S. Pfleger2, E. Cartmell3, B. Homer3, F. Whyte4, L. Green4 (1) Environmental Research Institute, University of the Highlands and Islands, Castle Street, Thurso KW14 7JD, UK; (2) NHS Highland, John Dewar Building, Highlander Way, Inverness IV2 7GE, UK; (3) Scottish Water, 55 Buckstone Terrace, Edinburgh EH10 6XH, UK; (4) Scottish Environment Protection Agency, 10 Fodderty Way, Dingwall IV15 9XB, UK. *lydia.niemi@uhi.ac.uk The presence of pharmaceutical residues in the interrogate this tool with researchers, health aquatic environment is recognised internationally as professionals and environmental scientists to an important public health and environmental issue. develop a better understanding of the link between Due to extensive prescribing and use, medicine use and pharmaceutical pollution, and the pharmaceuticals have been widely detected in impact pharmaceuticals may have on Scotland’s effluent-receiving surface water and aquatic water environment. This will include assessing environments following incomplete removal within environmental spatiotemporal trends and wastewater treatment plants. The environmental prescription trends, and modelling to predict future fate and risks are not fully characterised, but many environmental risk related to population compounds are of ecotoxicological and regulatory demographics, prescription frequency and changing concern due to the effects in non-target organisms weather patterns. at trace, environmentally relevant concentrations. To address this in Scotland, four organisations Acknowledgements representing the environment, water, and healthcare The OHBP acknowledges funding from the Scottish sectors have formed the One Health Breakthrough Government Water Industry Division, and the Partnership (OHBP). The OHBP brings together Centre of Expertise for Waters (CREW). Data key regional and national stakeholders committed to visualisation tool developers include the OHBP, and reducing pharmaceutical pollution in the Graeme Cameron and Lauren Fuller (SEPA Data environment through innovation, cross-sector Informatics Team). engagement, and knowledge exchange. Recently the OHBP worked with researchers to perform a References baseline assessment of pharmaceuticals in [1] Helwig, K., Aderemi, A., Donnelly, D., Gibb, S., Scotland’s water environment [1]. The database has Harrower, J., Helliwell, R., Hunter, C., Niemi, L., been collated into an innovative data visualisation Pagaling, E., Roberts, J., & Zhang, Z. , CREW report , 2022, “Pharmaceuticals in the water environment: tool developed by the Scottish Environment Baseline assessment and recommendations” . Protection Agency (SEPA) with the OHBP [2]. [2] SEPA online resource, 2022, This tool is the first open access interactive data https://informatics.sepa.org.uk/EnvironmentalPharmaceut source to combine national environmental data and icals/. prescribing data on pharmaceuticals. Users can navigate dataframes to access environmental data matched to standardised quantities of drugs prescribed, by health board, GP practice and drainage operational area. The OHBP is working to Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 117 ORAL (#5) Assessing Particle Toxicity of Two African Cities Using the Ascorbic Acid Assay E. J. S. Souza*, N. Deabji, K. W. Fomba, H. Herrmann Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leipzig, Germany *souza@tropos.de Praia, Cape Verde Africa Fez, Morocco OPAA OPAA Anthropogenic emissions Dust events: 281 pmol min-1 m-3 269 pmol min-1 m-3 Non-dust events: 93 pmol min-1 m-3 Oxidative potential (OP) is a reliable metric to (WS) Mn (0.61) and Cu (0.61) correlated better with assess the health effects of exposure to particulate the OPAA values from Fez, while Fe (0.59) and Zn matter (PM). PM has shown an interesting capacity (0.49) correlated better with those from Praia. The to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) by redox high correlations of WS-Cu, and WS-Mn, with the reactions under incubation with body antioxidants OP values from Fez samples, indicate that these or probes. Moreover, an excess in the concentration metals can influence ROS formation through redox of oxygen molecules in the lung makes these PM- reactions which are explained by individual or redox catalysts donate electrons to O2, promoting synergistic and antagonistic effects. ROS generation ⦋1⦌. Cognizant of this, this study The OP values of the PM samples from Fez were aims to assess particle toxicity based on OP assays not correlated with PM mass concentration (-0.28), of two African cities, Fez (Morocco) and Praia but those from Praia showed a strong correlation (Cape Verde), which are more impacted by (0.90) during dust events. This could be connected anthropogenic and natural emissions, respectively. to the higher Mn, Fe, and Zn contents of these Furthermore, investigations of the differences in the samples during dust storms. In other hand, the chemical composition of both atmospheres and their divergences in OP values could also be connected impact on human health by applying the ascorbic to anthropogenic activities in Fez that may emit acid (AA) assay (OPAA) were performed. significant contribution of quinones and PAHs, Sampling campaigns were carried out in both which are also known to affect OP. During non-dust cities from Jan-Feb 2020 in Praia and Sep-Oct 2019 events in Praia, the OP values are about nine times in Fez. After sampling, PM samples were stored at lower than those from Fez, which may be connected -20 °C until analyses. The extraction of PM content to the lower concentration of PM-redox catalysts. was carried out by using 10 mL of a phosphate But during dust events, the OP values increased buffer solution (PBS). From ten PM10 samples of significantly due to the increase in oxidizing agents. each sampling site (N=20), a chemical assay using Human exposure to PM is more affected in Fez than OPAA was investigated. An aliquot of 2 mL was in Praia city during non-dust events. However, dust incubated with AA to investigate the redox events can make the OP increase significantly, mechanism between PM redox catalysts and AA. providing even more health risks in Praia than Fez. The depletion of AA (265 nm) over 25 min was monitored by using UV-vis. The human exposure, References was obtained by normalizing the OP values by the [1] J. Bates et al. (2019) Environmental Science and sampling volume (nmol min-1 m-3). Technology, 53, 4003 – 4019. The average OPAA values from both sites was 269 ± 50 and 93 ± 12 pmol min-1 m-3 for Morocco and Cape Verde, respectively. However, OPAA values of aerosol samples during dust storms in Cape Verde reached average OP values of 281 ± 46 pmol min-1 m-3. Using Spearman correlation, water-soluble Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 118 ORAL (#5) Mass Flow Balance of Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents in Workplaces with Magnetic Resonance Imaging Services F. Mišíková*, P. Kubitová, A. Krejčová University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice, Czech Republic *frederika.misikova@student.upce.cz Gadolinium is one of the rare earth elements and ampoules and syringes after the application to occurs in nature in mixed minerals [1]. It is used in patients during MR examinations. technology, industry and agriculture [2] but also in For the study, samples of waste ampoules were medicine in gadolinium-based contrast agents obtained, which were collected for one month at 3 (GdCA) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), MRI workplaces (Pardubice and Hradec Králové, where its paramagnetic properties are used. Czech Republic). At the same time, a questionnaire Worldwide, it is estimated that 40 to 50% of MRI survey was carried out at these workplaces. examinations are performed using contrast agents Analysis of Gd content was performed using and their number should increase in the future [1]. inductively coupled plasma optical emission GdCA are Gd chelates where the Gd(III) ion is spectrometry (ICP-OES). bound to an organic ligand, usually with a The following were evaluated: the mass flow polyaminocarboxylic acid, and forms a stable balance of GdCA at individual MRI workplaces, the complex due to the high toxicity of the ion in the necessary amount of water rinsing of empty waste hydrated form [1,3]. ampoules to remove all residues of GdCA, and also Due to the widespread use of Gd, the content of the amount of GdCA that would normally end up in anthropogenic Gd in the environment is increasing the waste. The amount of GdCA intended for compared to geogenic ones, thus creating a Gd disposal was from 3 to 6% of the total volume per anomaly [3]. Anthropogenic Gd accumulates both month. in wastewater and surface water, as well as in the soil. The discovery of the Gd anomaly is linked to Acknowledgements the finding of Gd complexes in sewage treatment Acknowledgement belong to MRI workplaces in plants. Since the 1980s, when the Gd anomaly was Nemocnice Pardubického kraje, Multiscan s.r.o. first described, nowadays it is detected in many and Fakultní nemocnice Hradec Králové. locations around the world (Japan, Germany, the Czech Republic, etc.) [4]. According to specific References environmental conditions, Gd compounds can be [1] M.F. Bellin, A.J. Van Der Molen (2008) European immobilized, mobilized [5] or bioaccumulated in Journal of Radiology, 66, 160-167. organisms and thus enter food chains and can cause [2] V. González, D.A.L. Vignati, M.N. Pons, et al. (2015) Environmental Pollution, 199, 139-147. a health risk. [6]. [3] L. Telgmann, M. Sperling, U. Karst (2013) Analytica The study aimed to investigate the mass flow Chimica Acta, 764, 1-16. balance of GdCA at selected workplaces with MRI [4] L. Bendakovská, A. Krejčová, T. Černohorský, J. services, i.e. to find out information about the Zelenková (2016) Chemical Papers, 70, 1155-1165. amount of GdCA consumed, the amount of MR [5] A. Menahem, I. Dror, B. Berkowitz (2016) examinations performed during the selected period, Chemosphere, 144, 713-720. and the method of waste management. Another aim [6] X. Li, Z. Chen, Z. Chen, Y. Zhang (2013) was to evaluate the amount of unused waste GdCA Chemosphere, 93, 1240-124. over a period of time from samples of waste Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 119 ORAL (#5) Gasoline Additives in Groundwater in Paraguay - Case Study: Methyl t-Butyl Ether in the Patiño Aquifer J. F. Facetti*, R. León-Ovelar, C. Bernal, J. Ojeda, R. Núñez, F. Carvallo Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Facultad de Ingeniería, San Lorenzo- Paraguay *jfacetti@ing.una.py In Paraguay, the Patiño aquifer is an important of bacteria. Although the low concentrations in the source of supply for human consumption, for rainy season could be due to the recharge of the industry and for agriculture production. Nearly two aquifer and related to increased mobility of the million people directly depend on this resource. The compounds. It is possible to conclude that the overexploitation, climate change impact on presence of these contaminants in the waters of the hydrological regime as well as the increase of point Patiño aquifer confirms the infiltration of fuels as source as gasoline stations in its area have raised well as their persistence for years in said waters. critically their vulnerability. The possible infiltration of gasoline and their additives into its Keywords: Methyl t-butyl Ether (MtBE), t-butyl- waters has been proposed. Methyl t-butyl Ether alcohol (TBA), t-butyl formate (TBF), Patiño (MtBE) is an additive for gasoline that oxygenates aquifer, contaminated groundwater and increases its octane number, its degradation products are t-butyl-alcohol (TBA) and t-butyl Acknowledgements formate (TBF). A vulnerability map has been done, CONACYT finances this project through the according to population density and the presence of PROCIENCIA Program with resources from the gasoline stations. 90 wells located over the aquifer Fund for Excellence in Education and Research (FEEI) (INV-14-284). area have been selected with the criteria of distance to a potential point source of contamination. Two sampling campaigns were performed, one in a rainy season and other in the dry season and, with a geospatial analysis. Determination of MtBE and its by-products was performed by solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC/MS). In the rainy season, MtBE, TBA, and TBF were detected in 44, 21, and 13% of the wells, respectively, while in the dry season, 19, 2, and 74% of the wells showed MtBE, TBA, and TBF, respectively. The MtBE properties depend on environmental conditions. In the rainy season the concentration of MtBE ranged from 0.1 to 0.16 µg/l and in the dry season from 0.01 to 0.18 µg/l. TBA and TBF concentrations increased in the dry season reaching maximums of 1.16 and 4.8 µg/l. The increase in TBA and TBF in the second campaign it is according to the MtBE degradation and could presume they have a longer half-life, affected by the geology characteristics and presence Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 120 ORAL (#5) Assessing the Nature and the Impact of By-Products Issued from Industrial Chlorinated Discharges into the Sea J-L. Boudenne1,*, J. Dron2, C. Demelas1, E. Quivet1, L. Vassalo1, B. Coulomb1, S. Coupé,3,G. Revenko2, P. Hôhener1 (1) Aix Marseille University/CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement (UMR7376), Marseille, France, (2) Institut écocitoyen pour la connaissance des pollutions, Fos-sur-mer, France, (3) Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Toulon, France *jean-luc.boudenne@univ-amu.fr Chlorination treatment of seawater in coastal and extraction for marine organism and sediments, or shipboard installations is a common process applied after elution for passive samplers. to control biofouling and/or to minimize the input of Various families of CBP have been identified and noxious or invasive species into the marine quantified during these fields campaigns in water environment. The major concern related to the use samples, including trihalomethanes (THM), of this process is, to some extent, dumping of haloacetic acids (HAA), haloacetamides (HAM), chlorine in the environment with known impacts on haloacetonitriles (HAN), haloaledhydes (HAL), fauna and flora but above all potential output of halobenzoquinones (HBQ), halophenols (HP), with many halogenated compounds formed by complex values directly linked to chlorination doses applied reactions between the chlorine residual inorganic in industrial plants. Among these compounds, two and organic constituents, natural and man present in compounds emerge due to their environmental the receiving environment [1]. Chlorine (as Cl2 or impacts. Bromoform (CHBr3) has been found up to HOCl form) can rapidly react with the bromide ions 34.6 µg L-1 in water and up to 3.9 ppbv in air. CHBr3 found in seawater to form instantly hypobromous is known to have direct harmful impacts on marine acid (HOBr), compound known to be much more organisms [3], but also, once in air, known to impact reactive than HClO with the organic matter [2]. atmospheric chemistry by being either photolyzed A three-year survey was conducted in a heavily in the atmosphere into bromine radicals or being industrialized area (Gulf of Fos, Mediterranean reacted with hydroxyl radicals to form reactive Sea), where more than 3 million cubic meters of bromine species [4]. 2,4,6-tribromophenol (TBP) chlorinated seawater is released each day by various has been found in all marine organisms sampled, industrial plants, with the aims of monitoring with highest levels in mussels (1500 to 2000 ng g-1 chlorination by-products (CBP) formed in water, in lipid weight, in average). air, in sediments and in biota (conger eel, mussel, ursin). Water samples were collected in 26 stations Acknowledgements disseminated in the Gulf, at surface and at depth, This work was supported by the French National following transects from known chlorinated Research Agency (ANR) within the project FOS- discharges to the open sea. Passive samplings were SEA (ANR-16-CE34-0009) and by the Conseil also carried out by use of Chemcatchers® hanged Regional Provence Alpes Côte d’Azur (Regional from navigation buoys. Air monitoring was realized Council SUD-PACA). in two different ways, by use of canisters and by use of a laboratory truck equipped with a proton- References transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry [1] M. Grote, J.-L. Boudenne, J.-P. Croué et al. (2022) analyzer (PTR-ToF-MS). Sediments, ursins, Water research, 217, 118383. congers and mussels were collected throughout the [2] M. Deborde, U. von Gunten (2008) Water Research, 42, 13-51. Gulf of Fos. [3] K. Lebaron, L. Mechiri, S. Richard et al. (2019) Occurrence of CBP was determined by gas Environmental Science & Pollution Research, 26(20), chromatography with electron capture detection 20573-20580. (GC-ECD), after liquid-liquid extraction and/or [4] B. Quack, D.W.R. Wallace (2003) Global esterification for water samples, after sonication Biogeochemical Cycles, 17, GB1023. Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 121 ORAL (#5) Impact of Polyhydroxybutyrate Microparticles on the Floating Freshwater Plant Duckweed Lemna minor P. Procházková1*, S. Mácová1, J. Kučerík1, H. Zlámalová Gargošová1 (1) Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Purkyňova 118, Brno 620 00, Czech Republic *Petra.Prochazkova1@vutbr.cz Considering the superior properties of plastics, in differently prepared samples – (a) suspension such as low cost, lightweight, durability, of MPs, (b) suspension of MPs with the recovery of waterproof, etc., plastic production has been media every second day, (c) direct weighing of MPs growing rapidly for wide possibilities of the use of into the test vessel and subsequent addition plastic materials [1]. Plastics accumulate in the of media, and (d) leachate from MPs. The effect of environment due to their resistance, improper these samples on the specific leaf growth rate, root disposal of plastic waste, and widespread use length, root cell viability, fresh and dry weight of of plastic products [2]. In the environment, larger biomass, and content of photosynthetic pigments plastic fragments – macroplastics - are gradually (chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids) were assessed. broken down by weathering, degradation, and microbial-mediated factors, into small plastic Acknowledgements particles called microplastics (MPs) [3]. MPs can be This work was supported by the project FCH-S-22- defined as solid synthetic particles or polymer 8001 of Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports matrices with regular or irregular shapes and with of the Czech Republic. a size in the range of 1 µm to 5 mm. These particles are insoluble in water [4]. References Conventional MPs are not biodegradable in the [1] W. Xiang, H. Huijie, et al. (2022) Journal of environment, and therefore biodegradable materials Hazardous Materials, 422, 126834. are increasingly becoming a focus of interest. [2] M. C. Rillig (2012) Environmental Science and Technology, 46 (12), 6453-6454. Biodegradable plastics (BDPs) have an appeal in [3] M. Cole, P. Lindeque, C. Halsband, T.S. Galloway ensuring the safe return of carbon to ecosystems by (2011) Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62 (12), 2588-2597. complete assimilation of the degraded product as a [4] G. Kalčíková, A. Ž. Gotvajn, A. Kladnik, A. Jemec food source for soil or aquatic microorganisms. (2017) Environmental Pollution, 230, 1108-1115 The material to produce BDPs can be renewable [5] K. Gosh, B. H. Jones (2021) ACS Sustainable raw materials, petrochemicals, or mixtures. Chemistry and Engineering, 9 (18), 6170-6187. BDPs have found applications in medicine, agriculture, and packaging materials. The advantage is that most of the modified conventional polymer processing techniques can be used to process BDPs [5]. One of the most important groups of biobased and biodegradable polymers is polyhydroxyalkanoates. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) microparticles on duckweed ( Lemna minor) the freshwater floating plant. We tested the effect of two size fractions (particles <63 µm and <125 µm) of PHB Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 122 ORAL (#5) At-Source Hospital Wastewater Treatment to Eliminate Harmful Pharmaceuticals: A Novel Approach Using UV-LED Activated Photocatalytic Nanomaterials M. Valdivia1,*, M. A. Taggart2, S. Pap,2, A. Kean1, I. Megson1 (1) Division of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health Research and Innovation, University of the Highlands and Islands, Old Perth Road, Inverness IV2 3JH, United Kingdom, (2) Environmental Research Institute, University of the Highlands and Islands, Castle Street, Thurso KW14 7JD, United Kingdom *manuelthomas.valdivia@uhi.ac.uk Healthcare interventions are a globally of a highly effective means of oxidising a diverse challenging task. Novel disease patterns require range of pharmaceuticals in water. adequate pharmacological responses and This talk will highlight the tremendous potential continuous revision of prescribing rates and drug of this technique as a future-proof approach to formularies. Targeted drug interventions against a purify pharmaceutical polluted wastewater at multitude of diseases are primarily delivered at hospitals. hospitals. After administration, many pharmaceuticals are Acknowledgements partially absorbed by the human body and excreted The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge into hospital wastewater as biologically active the Scottish Government’s Hydronation Scholars parent compounds or metabolites. Until recently, Programme for a PhD studentship to Manuel- these pharmaceutical residues were thought to be Thomas Valdivia. harmless due to their high dilution as they pass into sewage, rivers and lakes. However, non- biodegradable active pharmaceutical ingredients can persist in the aquatic environment. Toxicity studies have demonstrated that pharmaceutical residues in nature can cause harmful effects on aquatic organisms even at these minute concentrations. Conventional wastewater treatment can efficiently eliminate most biodegradable drugs, but many drugs remain in water bodies as a mixture of toxic parent compounds and metabolites. Pilot-scale tertiary wastewater treatment such as ozone or UV-irradiation have shown some success in eliminating most harmful pharmaceuticals but may produce toxic by-products or are very expensive at large-scale. A novel laboratory-scale wastewater treatment design, using energy saving UV-light LEDs to initiate a chemical reaction on the surface of a reusable, non-toxic, metallic nanomaterial, has been designed to show proof of principle for the concept Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 123 ORAL (#5) Implications of Polystyrene Microplastics on the Gastric Digestion of Bovine Milk MK. de Guzman1,2,*, L. Wimmer3, LA. Dailey3, S. Van Haute1,2, T. Cirkovic Velickovic1,2,4,5 (1) Center for Food Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, South Korea, (2) Department of Food Technology, Safety, and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, (3) Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, (4) Faculty of Chemistry, Centre of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia, (5) Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia *mariakrishna.deguzman@ugent.be The prevalence of microplastics (MP) pollution in minutes when PS10 was present. Additionally, different zones of the environment has been 14 kDa fragments were not observed at 10-20 established by several studies [1]. Due to its minutes. widespread presence, MP have found its way into Washing of the PS particles followed by SDS- food items. Fish, shellfish, water, milk, salt, and PAGE revealed a faint pepsin band from all time sugar are just some examples of the food we points. At 5 and 10 minutes, faint peptide bands commonly consume that are contaminated with MP >10kDa were also observed. These suggest that [2]. Human ingestion of MP is already well- pepsin and some milk peptides were adsorbed on established but there is limited data regarding how the surface of PS10. Zeta potential analysis of PS MP affect human gastric digestion of food revealed a slightly negative surface charge which components, especially proteins. could explain the adsorption and disappearance of In this study, we investigated the effects of peptide bands. This adsorption of pepsin on PS did polystyrene (PS) MP on pepsin, the major protease not seem to affect its overall protease activity. in human gastric digestion. Pepsin activity was However, the interaction of milk peptides with PS tested during exposure to two different sizes -10 μm may reduce the nutrients human could acquire from (PS10) and 100 μm (PS100), and three different milk. quantities- low count (142 particles), moderate count (1420 particles), and high count Acknowledgements (14200 particles), of PS using haemoglobin as This study was supported by Ghent University substrate. Results showed that exposure to PS100 Global Campus; Special Research Fund (BOF) of has no effect on enzyme activity. However, Ghent University (grant number 01N01718) and exposure to high count PS10 considerably reduced IMPTOX European Union’s Horizon 2020 research pepsin activity from 2957 ± 310 U/mg to 1674 ± 270 and innovation program (grant number 965173). U/mg. To test the effect on food digestion, high count References PS10 was added to a sample of commercially [1] S. Sharma, S. Basu, N. P. Shetti, M. N. Nadagouda, T. available liquid bovine milk (defatted). In this case, M. Aminabhavi (2021) Chem. Eng. J. , 408, 127317. the static in vitro simulation of gastric digestion was [2] K. D. Cox, G. A. Covernton, H. L. Davies, J. F. Dower, F. Juanes, S. E. Dudas (2019) Environ. Sci. Technol. , followed to mimic human digestion of food [3]. 53(12), 7068–7074. Milk digesta at different time points (5, 10, 15, 20, [3] A. Brodkorb et al. (2019) Nat. Protoc. , 14(4), 991– 30, 60, 90, 120 minutes) were obtained to monitor 1014. the progress of protein degradation. SDS-PAGE showed no difference in the peptide bands from 30-120 minutes. However, bands corresponding to caseins were not observed at 5 Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 124 ORAL (#5) The Role of Secondary Metabolites from Cannabis Sativa L. in Health R. Štukelj1,*,B. Radišič2 (1) Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena 5, Ljubljana, Slovenia, (1) Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena 5, Ljubljana, Slovenia, (2) Research Nature (2) Research Nature Institute, Trubarjeva 66, Ljubljana, Slovenia Institute, Trubarjeva 66, Ljubljana, Slovenia * * contact_author@email_address. roman.stukelj@zf.uni-lj.si Cannabis Sativa L. has been cultivated for many Over the last decade, the use of cannabis and centuries all over the world as an annual plant for its extracts has increased significantly among various purposes (natural remedies, food and fiber). Slovenian patients, particularly oncological, Prohibition, which began in the 1930s, prevented neurological, autoimmune and neurological scientists from all over the world to do research and patients. Since there is still little known about the clinical studies on the broad range of plant dosages, quality of the products and the route of components (secondary metabolites) and their administration the cannabinoid profiling of this benefits in human health. products is crucial. Moreover, it is of paramount In the literature we can find more than 1200 importance for patients to be able to monitor the different compounds isolated from Cannabis plant. quality of the products they use. We present the It is rich in essential nutrients, fibres, enzymes, results of mapping of cannabis products from the vitamins, minerals, flavonoids, carotenoids, industry and patients in a two-year period. terpenes and acidic form of cannabinoids (eg. trans- Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol acid (THC-a), cannabidiol Acknowledgements acid (CBD-a)). The term cannabinoids represent a Research was supported by Research Nature group of C21 or C22 terpenophenolic compounds Institute. which are highly hydrophobic lipids, soluble in fats, alcohols and other non-polar organic solvents [1]. References They are located in trichomes on the surface of [1] R. Smith, C. Vaughan (1977) Journal of Pharmacy and cannabis flowers and are non-enzymatically Pharmacology, 29, 286-290. decarboxylated into their corresponding active [2] I.J. Flores-Sanchez, R. Verpoorte (2008) Phytochemistry Reviews, 7, 615-639. neutral forms upon heating after plant harvesting [3] K.B. Walsh, et al. (2021) Frontiers in Pharmacology, [2]. Decarboxylation process allows them to bind to 29:777804. the endocannabinoids receptors (CB1 and CB2) in [4] R. Stukelj, M. Bencina, et al. (2019) Materials and human body which activates and influences several technology, 53, 543–549. body systems suggesting utility in multiple diseases [3]. The pharmacological actions of CBD show that it could be used for the treatment of anxiety, epilepsy, central motor disorders, nausea, diabetes, schizophrenia and dementia, while THC shows good effect on pain management, muscle spasticity, nausea and vomiting, can stimulate appetite and is a good neuroprotectant [4]. Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 125 POSTER (#5) Evaluation of Chlorella vulgaris Potential as Nutraceutical and Sustainable Food Supplement M. Baković1, *, A. Martić1, L. Perković1, N. Topić-Popović1,2, T. Vujović1, M. Galić Perečinec1,2, R. Čož-Rakovac1,2 (1) Laboratory for aquaculture biotechnology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia, (2) Center of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting (BioProCro), Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia *mbakovic@irb.hr Chlorella vulgaris is a green unicellular that has of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty been subjected to extensive studies within the last acids, in specific essential omega-6 (linoleic acid) decade and has experienced imense applications in and omega-3 (docosahexaenoic acid) fatty acids. food and cosmetic industries [1]. C. vulgaris The highest total lipid content of C. vulgaris was biomass represents a valuable and sustainable around 5% for samples dried at 60 and 100°C. source of numerous bioactive compounds that can The results obtained confirmed C. vulgaris as a positively affect human health, such as proteins, microalga with a great potential source of proteins, vitamins, polysaccharides, microelements and pigments and essential fatty acids, but also polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) [2]. Proteins emphasized the importance of optimization of and PUFAs recently gained a special interest of the drying techniques. nutraceutical sector due to their ability to accelerate wound healing, decrease blood pressure and Acknowledgments cholesterol levels, but also improve bone health and This study was financially supported by: neurological function [3]. For those reasons, Development of Innovative Biobased Products by particular focus is placed on the microalgal potential in silico Assessment of Microalgae Bioactivity to enhance the nutritional value of conventional (KK.01.2.1.02.0015), financed by the European foods. Union through the European Regional Development Drying harvested microalgae while at the same Fund—the Competitiveness and Cohesion time preserving all beneficial activities has shown Operational Program. to be a challenging step for the industry. To deepen the knowledge gap, C. vulgaris biomass References was dried at different temperatures (lyophilized, 25, [1] L. Tomaselli (2004) The microalgal cell. In: A. 40, 60 and 100), followed by determination of Richmond (ed) Handbook of Microalgal Culture: protein, carbohydrate and lipid contents. Biotechnology and Applied Phycology, pp. 146–167. Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford, UK. The highest protein value was observed for C. [2] M. Görs, R. Schumann, D. Hepperle, U. Karsten vulgaris dried at 25°C (58.5377±0.0007% (µg/µg), (2009) Journal of Applied Phycology, 22(3), 265–276. followed by samples dried at 40°C and 100°C. [3] R.R. Wolfe, S.L. Miller, K.B. Miller (2008) Clinical According to the findings, lower-temperature dried Nutrition, 27(5), 675–684. samples had higher levels of chlorophyll a and b, as well as their derivatives pheophytin a and b. The biomass dried at 40°C had the highest amount of carotenoids. The lipid profile determined by gas chromatography analysis showed a predominance Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 126 POSTER (#5) Evaluation of Extraction Procedures to Yield the Highest Pigment content, Antioxidant and Antityrosinase activity from Green Algae Ulva lactuca L. Krumpak1, L. Čižmek2,3,*, R. Čož-Rakovac2,3, P. Trebše1 (1) Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, Ljubljana, Slovenia, (2) Laboratory for aquaculture biotechnology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia, (3) Center of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting (BioProCro), Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia *lcizmek@irb.hr Green macroalgae Ulva lactuca, also known as (14.36 ± 4.31 %) and hexane extracts marine green salad, has high amount of different (7.51 ± 1.02 %), while no activity was observed for biologically active compounds such as all other extracts and fractions. Samples showed polysaccharides, pigments, terpenes etc. [1]. In this better diphenolase activity. The highest activity was study, aim was to evaluate conventional (successive observed for methanol extract (57.33 ± 2.53 %), solvent extraction – hexane, chloroform, methanol) followed by chloroform extract (54.09 ± 1.05 %) and modern (solid-phase extraction, SPE, using and methanol fraction (51.78 ± 0.95 %). methanol and dichloromethane) extraction All the results suggest that not only pigments procedures, as well es environmentally-friendly exert antityrosinase activity, but also other isolated option (ethanol, further fractionized using non-toxic molecules. SPE has shown to be the best used solvents – hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and method for lutein isolation from U. lactuca and has butanol) for purpose of extracting pigments such as shown to significantly contribute to the antioxidant lutein, chlorophylls, and others that could posses’ activity. activity against tyrosinase, an enzyme that has an important role in the melanogenesis and enzymatic Acknowledgements browning [2]. This contribution was financially supported by High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) Slovenian Research Agency (ARRS), grant number was used for successful identification of lutein, P3-0388 (Mechanisms of health maintenance) and chlorophyll b and canthaxanthin. The highest by the European Regional Development Fund—the content of lutein was found in SPE methanolic Competitiveness and Cohesion Operational fraction (3.422 ± 0.007 mg/g), followed by Programme (KK.01.1.1.01) through the project chloroform extract (1.638 ± 0.002 mg/g). Bioprospecting of the Adriatic Sea Chlorophyll b was most abundant in ethyl acetate (K.K.01.1.1.01.001). fraction (0.443 ± 0.001 mg/g), while the canthaxanthin content was also the highest in SPE References methanol fraction (0.091 ± 0.000 mg/g). In SPE [1] S. Pappou, M. Myrto Dardavila, M.G. Savvidou, V. dichloromethane fraction and butanol fraction no Louli, K. Magoulas, E. Voutsas (2022) Applied Sciences, pigments were identified. 12, 2117. [2] S. Zolghadri, A. Bahrami, M.T.H. Khanb, J. Munoz- Antioxidant activity using both DPPH and ABTS Munoz, F. Garcia- Molinad, F. Garcia-Canovas, A. Akbar methods have shown to be the highest for SPE Saboury (2019) Journal of enzyme inhibition and methanol fraction. The highest monophenolase medicinal chemistry, 34, 279–309. activity was observed for ethanol extract (20.39 ± 8.01 %) followed by chloroform Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 127 POSTER (#5) Photostability and Photoprotective Effects of Brown Macroalgae Halopteris scoparia Influenced by Seasonal Changes L. Čižmek1,2*, A. Martić1, R. Čož-Rakovac1,2, P. Trebše3 (1) Laboratory for aquaculture biotechnology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia, (2) Center of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting (BioProCro), Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia, (3) Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, Ljubljana, Slovenia *lcizmek@irb.hr Brown macroalgae have recently been in the focus SPF was high for all HASC samples when of many research due to their composition and the compared to a known UV-filter Benzophenone-3 accumulation of specific metabolites with several (BP-3). % Te and % Tp showed high protective health benefits and biological activities [1, 2]. effect for all samples, with the lowest transmission Additionally, the extracts of Halopteris scoparia for HASC from February, especially F4 fraction (HASC) have shown to have a protective and which can be attributed to the presence of β- preventive activity against human cancer cells [3]. carotene. No significant difference was observed in In this study, evaluation of HASC against harmful antioxidant activity after UV-B irradiation for all ultra-violet (UV) light was done in regard to tested time periods and samples. Only the HASC different activities, namely pigment determination June samples have shown slight decrease in by HPLC analysis, transmission of erythema (Te) antioxidant activity after 120 minutes. and pigmentation (Tp), along with calculation of Additional chemical characterization of obtained sun protective factor (SPF), antityrosinase and extracts is in progress to further evaluate additional antioxidant activities. Antioxidant activity was also bioactive compounds present in samples that could analysed before and after irradiation using UV-B influence photostability of this samples and could light (8 W, 2000 μW cm−2) for different time have application as natural sun-protective agents. periods (30, 60 and 120 minutes). Analysis was performed on two different fractions obtained with Acknowledgements solid-phase extraction (SPE) method, methanolic This research was funded by the European Regional F3 and dichloromethane F4 fractions, from three Development Fund—the Competitiveness and different harvesting seasons (February, April, and Cohesion Operational Programme (KK.01.1.1.01) June 2021). through the project Bioprospecting of the Adriatic HPLC analysis revealed several pigments in Sea (K.K.01.1.1.01.001) granted to The Scientific HASC samples. The most abundant were Centre of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting— fucoxanthin, lutein, and β-carotene. The highest BioProCro and by the Slovenian Research Agency concentrations were found in sample from (ARRS), grant number P3-0388 (Mechanisms of February. Interestingly, the less lipophilic pigments health maintenance) such as fucoxanthin, lutein, astaxanthin and canthaxanthin, were observed in F3 fraction, while References F4 fraction contained more lipophilic pigments [1] A-M. Cikoš, I. Flanjak, K. Bojanić, S. Babić, L. Čižmek, R. Čož chlorophyll a and β-carotene. The highest -Rakovac, S. Jokić, I. Jerković (2021) Molecules, 26, 520. antioxidant activity using DPPH and ABTS assays [2] N.C. Afonso, M.D. Catarino, A.M.S. Silva, S.M. was also observed for February sample which could Cardoso (2019) Antioxidants, 8, 365. be explained by the presence of pigments such as β- [3] A. Güner, A. Nalbantsoy, A. Sukatar, N.Ü.K. carotene with known activity against free radicals. Yavaşoğlu (2019) Cytotechnology, 71: 687–704. Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 128 POSTER (#5) Determination of Hydrodynamic Radius of Extracellular Particles from Conditioned Media of Microalgae Phaeodactylum Tricornutum by Interferometric Light Microscopy A. Romolo1,*, Z. Jan1, V. Arrigler2, A. Iglič3, K. Kogej2, V. Kralj-Iglič1 (1) University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Zdravstvena 5, Ljubljana, Slovenia, (2) University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Večna pot 101, Ljubljana, Slovenia, (3) University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška 25, Ljubljana, Slovenia *romoloa@zf.uni-lj.si Extracellular particles (EPs) (e.g. protein the particles were spherical and using the Einstein- aggregates, lipid droplets and viruses) are present in Stokes relation Rh = kT/6πηD where k is the the environment and are suggested to be universal Boltzmann constant, T is temperature and η is mediators of interaction between life domains. They viscosity of the medium. Each particle was tracked can be isolated from samples (e.g. conditioned and processed individually, and the respective culture media) and characterized. However, as EPs incident light signal was subtracted from each are tiny and fragile, their harvesting and assessment image by using the associated software QVIR 2.6.0 presents a challenge. Recently, interferometric light (Myriade, Paris, France). We assessed 5 isolates and microscopy (ILM) principle [1] for determination of obtained the average number density of EPs (3.97 EPs number density and hydrodynamic radius Rh ±1.64) .108/mL and Rh (186±22) nm. The difference was developed. In this work we used ILM to between the effective radius of EPs observed by estimate number density and size of EPs isolated cryo-TEM (smaller than 50 nm) [3] and Rh can be from conditioned culture media of microalgae explained by the presence of thin filaments in the Phaeodactylum tricornutum (CCAP 1052/1A from isolate [3] which hinder the motion of EPs. In this the Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa case, overestimation of Rh is suggested to be due to (CCAP) of SAMS (Oban, Scotland)). Microalgae decreased diffusion coefficient D. were grown in artificial seawater supplemented with Guillard’s (F/2) Marine Water Enrichment Solution Acknowledgements in a respirometer in borosilicate bottles, at Authors acknowledge ARRS grants P3-0388, J3- controlled temperature, illumination and aeration. 3066, L3-2621. EPs were isolated by differential ultracentrifugation [2]. A 5 L drop of sample was placed between References cover glasses and illuminated by LED light. The [1] M. Boccara, Y. Fedala, C. V. Bryan, et al., (2016) Opt. light scattered on the particle was imaged by a Express 7, 3736-3746. bright-field microscope objective and allowed to [2] D. Škufca, D. Božič, M. Hočevar, et al., (2022) Int. J. Mol. Sci. 23, 8447. interfere with the incoming light to spot the particles [3] V. Kralj-Iglič, A. Bongiovanni, D. Božič, et al., in the sample. The image of the particle was Zenodo. (2022) https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6976794 . recorded by a complementary metal–oxide– semiconductor (CMOS) high-resolution high-speed camera to track the particle and assess its diffusion coefficient D. Rh was estimated by assuming that Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 129 POSTER (#5) The use of ethanolic extracts of basil to improve the oxidative stability of cold-pressed sunflower oil A. Stojićević1, V. Rac2, B. Rabrenović2, M. Antić2, * (1) Academy of Applied Technical Studies Belgrade- Applied Engineering Sciences Požarevac, Nemanjina 2, Požarevac, Serbia, (2) University of Belgrade- Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, Belgrade, Serbia * mantic@agrif.bg.ac.rs Lipid oxidation is one of the leading causes of the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in non- decrement in the shelf life of edible oils. This isothermal conditions. undesirable process leads to the loss of essential The results indicate that basil extracts effectively fatty acids and liposoluble vitamins. A decrease in suppress oxidative changes in cold-pressed the nutritional value of the oil is accompanied by a sunflower oil during long-term storage. SE extracts change in the sensory properties and the formation were more potent antioxidants compared to UAM of potentially harmful products of oxidative extracts. Regardless of the extraction method, the degradation, which makes the oil unsuitable for extracts in the highest concentration are equally consumption 1. As there is a justified need to effective as the synthetic antioxidant BHT so that remove synthetic antioxidants from use, several basil extracts can be used as an effective, healthy methods have been developed to delay oxidative and environmentally acceptable alternative to changes in the oil. In this sense, the use of artificial additives. antioxidants of plant origin is one of the most prevalent 2. Of particular importance is the use of Acknowledgements extracts of medicinal and herbal plants because they This work was supported by the Ministry of contain active components that can delay lipid Education, Science and Technological oxidation 3. Development of the Republic of Serbia (contract Therefore, the subject of this work was to No: 451-03-68/2022-14/200116). investigate the effect of adding basil extracts on the oxidative stability of cold-pressed sunflower oil References during long-term storage. Extracts were prepared [1] F. Shahidi, Y. Zhong (2010) Chemical Society with 70 % ethanol solution using two methods - Reviews, 39(11), 4067–4079. [2] M. Kiralan, M. Ulaş, A. Özaydin, N. Özdemır, G. Soxhlet extraction (SE) and ultrasonic assisted Özkan, A. Bayrak, M. F. Ramadan (2017) Journal of Food maceration (UAM). Oil samples with the addition Biochemistry, 41(1), e12272. of extracts in a concentration of 250, 500 and 1000 [3] Z. Sayyari, R. Farahmandfar (2017) Food Science & ppm were stored in the dark for six months. Nutrition, 5(2), 266–272. Oxidative status parameters (peroxide value, anisidine value, conjugated dienes and conjugated trienes) were monitored monthly. An oil sample supplemented with BHT (200 ppm) and oil without additives were used as control samples. Oxidative stability of oil samples with the addition of extracts in the highest concentration was also tested by Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 130 POSTER (#5) Acrylamide Content in Cookies Based on Spelt Flour and Beetroot Powder S. Mitrevski1,2, D. Dj. Savić2, D. N. Savić3, N. Pantelić2, M. Balaban3, J. Laličić-Petronijević, V. Antić2,* (1) Olea Health House, Karadjordjeva 8, Pančevo, Srbija, (2) University of Belgrade-Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, Belgrade, Serbia, (3) University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Mladena Stojanovića 2, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina * vantic@agrif.bg.ac.rs Acrylamide is an organic compound of low improved antioxidant properties compared to a molecular weight, soluble in water, formed in control sample without beetroot 4. Here, the Maillard reactions during thermal processing and influence of beetroot powder content (15-25 % in food exposure to temperatures above 120 °C. the baking mixture) and baking temperature (150 Acrylamide is mainly found in baked or fried foods and 170 C) on acrylamide formation was rich in carbohydrates. It is formed by reactions investigated. It was found that a higher amount of between the amino acid asparagine and reducing acrylamide is formed in the examined cookies at a sugars such as glucose, fructose, and lactose at high higher baking temperature. temperatures. The acrylamide content depends on the time and temperature of baking/frying, the Acknowledgements amount of asparagine, and the availability of sugar This work was supported by the Ministry of in the food. Foods such as chips, French fries, Education, Science and Technological coffee, biscuits, and bakery products contribute the Development of the Republic of Serbia (contract most to the total acrylamide intake in the human No: 451-03-68/2022-14/200116). body. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) announced in 2015 that acrylamide in food is a References public health concern based on the results of animal [1] EFSA CONTAM Panel (EFSA Panel on Contaminants studies. EFSA warns that acrylamide content in in the Food Chain), 2015. Scientific Opinion on food potentially increases cancer risk in people of acrylamide in food. EFSA Journal (2015) 13(6):4104, 321 all age groups 1. Due to its harmful effects, it is pp. [2] Foodstuffs - Determination of acrylamide in food and necessary to reduce acrylamide's presence in food coffee by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry that, in raw form, contains its precursors. (GC-MS), Ref. No. FprCEN/TS 17083:2017 E. In the last few years, several methods have been [3] J. Cooper, Simple and cost-effective determination of developed for identifying and quantifying acrylamide in food products and coffee using gas acrylamide in food, based mainly on gas and liquid chromatographymass spectrometry, Thermo Fisher chromatography with different detectors 2, 3. In Scientific, 2019. this work, acrylamide was determined in cookies [4] Ј. Ž. Mitrevski, N. Đ. Pantelić, J. J. Vulić, J. S. Kojić, J. G. Laličić-Petronijević, V. V. Antić, Proc. of 58th prepared with spelt flour and beetroot powder, using Meeting of the Serbian Chemical Society, Belgrade, the GC-MS method preceded by derivatization via Serbia, June 9-10, 2022, 175. bromination or silylation. The silylation reagent was N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA). Earlier results showed that cookies prepared with beetroot powder had significantly Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 131 POSTER (#5) Preparation of PET Particles By Cryomilling and Potential Environmental Impact of Microplastics E. Kameníková1,*, P. Procházková1, A. Hrušková1, J. Palovčík1, J. Kučerík1 (1) Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Purkyňova 118, 612 00 Brno *Eliska.Kamenikova@vutbr.cz Exposure of plastics to natural conditions and the effect of the milling process on the properties of influences, such as light and heat, organisms, PET particles were tested. mechanical abrasion, etc., can cause degradation of Furthermore, the suitability of this process for the plastics and the formation of microplastics and preparation of particles for environmental studies nanoplastics [1, 2]. and the potential effect on the activity of organisms These particles can subsequently contaminate the were assessed. environment, to interact with all its components, in become a part of the food chain, bioaccumulate, or Acknowledgements adsorb contaminants on their surface and release The work was supported by the project FCH-S-22- toxic substances used for their production into the 8001 of Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of environment. the Czech Republic. After contamination of the environment, microplastics can have a significant effect on all References environmental compartments, to cause damage to [1] M. C. Rillig (2012) Environmental Science and fauna and flora or influence soil properties Technology, 46(12), 6453-6354. (aggregation, free and bound soil water content, [2] D. S. Machado, A. Abel, CH. W. Lau, J. Till, W. Kloas, A. Lehmann, R. Becker, M. C. Rillig (2018) nutrient content), thus potentially affect soil quality Environmental Science and Technology, 52(17), 9656- and health [3]. 9665. Some studies have also shown that particle shape [3] K. Vogel, R. Wei, L. Pfaff, D. Breite, H. Al-Fathl, Ch. and size are key factors determining the behaviour Ortmann, I. Estrela-Lopis, T. Venus, A. Schulze, H. of micro- and nanoplastics in the environment [2,4]. Harms, U.T. Borncheuer, T. Maskow (2021) Science of For environmental studies focused on the Total Environment, 773, 145111. investigation of microplastics’ effects on [4] D. S. Machado, A. Abel, Ch. W. Lau, W. Kloas, J. environmental compartments, it is necessary to find Bergmann, J. B. Bachelier, E. Faltin, R. Becker, A. S. Gorlich, M. C. Rillig (2019) Environmental Science and a fast and robust method which will enable to Technology, 53(10), 6044-6052. produce particles of different sizes and shapes [5] A. G. Rodríguez-Hernández, J. A. Munoz-Tabares, J. without significant changes in particle properties C. Aguilar-Guzmán, R. Vazquez-Duhalt (2019) [5]. Environmental Science, 6(7), 2031-2036. The aim of this study was to test cryomilling, i.e., milling with pre-cooling with liquid nitrogen, as a simple physical method for preparation of PET microplastics in laboratory. Different conditions of this process (such as milling frequency and time, pre-cooling time, number of milling cycles and number of balls) and Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 132 POSTER (#5) Adaption of a Solid Phase Extraction Method for Copper (I) Determination in Marine Waters and Estuaries D. Crmaric1,*, E. Bura-Nakic1 (1) Ruder Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia *dora.crmaric@irb.hr Copper (Cu) occurs in nanomolar concentrations in seawater and is an essential micronutrient to the Acknowledgements most marine organisms, but its free ion is toxic to This research is supported by the Croatian Science marine organisms at concentrations as low as 10-12 Foundation project IPCH-2020-10-4965: M [1, 2]. Copper in oxic environments such as „Understanding copper speciation and redox oceans is primarily present as Cu (II), leading to transformations in seawater”. speciation models assuming only Cu (II) as significant Cu state. Only few studies reported References detectable amounts of Cu (I) in water, with Cu (I) [1] W. G. Sunda, S. A. Hunstsman (1998) Limnology and ratio ranging from 5-10% of total dissolved copper oceanography, 43, 1055-1064. in oceans and up to 80% of total dissolved copper in [2] J. W. Moffet, R. G. Zika, L. E. Brand (1990) 37, 27- 36. estuaries [3, 4, 5]. Marine organisms are producing [3] H. Xue, M. Goncalves, M. Reutlinger, L. Sigg , W. Cu binding ligands as defence mechanism against Stumm (1991) Environmental Science and Technology, free Cu toxicity, which are likely reducing Cu (II) 25, 1716–1722. to Cu (I) [6]. Since it is predicted that free Cu [4] J.W. Moffett, R.G. Zika (1988) Geochimica et concentration in ocean will rise by 50 % by the end Cosmochimica Acta, 52, 1849–1857. of century, better understanding of copper [5] D. Buerge-Weirich, B. Sulzberger (2004) speciation is crucial to assess its negative effects [7]. Environmental Science and Technology, 38, 1843–1848. In this work we will present adaption of solid phase [6] A. Kungolos, P. Samaras, V. Tsiridis, M. Petala, G. Sakellaropoulus (2007) Journal of Environmental Science extraction method for Cu (I) determination in and Health, 41, 1509-1517. seawater [5]. Cu (I) is retained on column as [7] F. Millero, R. Woosley, B. DiTrolio, J. Waters (2009) bathocuproine (BCP) complex, while Cu (II) is Oceanography (Wash DC), 22 72–85. complexed with ethilendiamine (EDTA) and it is not retained on column. Cu (I) is eluated with acidic methanol, irradiated under UV lamp and mixed with concentrated HNO3, HCl and H2O2 in order to destruct Cu (I)- BCP complex. Cu concentrations are measured in both Cu (II) and Cu (I) fractions, as well as in seawater samples before column separation, using anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) with hanging drop mercury electrode (HDME). Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 133 POSTER (#5) Determination of Pollution Status of Urban Forest Obrenovački Zabran (Serbia) – Part A: Anion Concentrations in Soil and Sediments S. Štrbac1,*, T. Tosti2, S. Stojadinović1, N. Antić1, G. Veselinović1, N. Živanović4, M. Kašanin-Grubin1 (1) Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade, Serbia, (2) Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia, (3) Institute for Testing of Materials, Bulevar vojvode Mišića 43, Belgrade, Serbia, (4) Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, Belgrade, Serbia *snezana.strbac@ihtm.bg.ac.rs Figure 1. Map of the „Obrenovački zabran” (Serbia). Figure 2. Multivariate analysis of the anion concentrations in „Obrenovački zabran” soil and sediments. Inorganic anions play a vital role in the health of a conductivity detector (ASRS ULTRAII (4 mm), a water ecosystem. However, many agricultural recycle mode), and an eluent generator (potassium activities increase nutrient levels of water due to hydroxide) with a Chromeleon® Chromatography runoff of large inorganic and organic materials into Work-station and Chromeleon6.7 Chromatography rivers and thus are transported over long distances Management Software. All the separations were (Michaud, 1994; Jake and Serge, 2010). The main performed using an IonPac AS15 Analytical, objective of this study is to determine anion 4 mm × 250 mm, and IonPac AG15 Guard, concentrations in soil and sediments from 4 mm × 50 mm columns. The flow rate of the „Obrenovački zabran (OZ)” (Figure 1). OZ is a mobile phase was 1.00 ml min concentration of protected area of category III. It is located on the 1000 ppm. The dilution was made according to the territory of the city municipality of Obrenovac, estimated concentration in solute. Concentrations about 1.5 km east of Obrenovac and about 12 km and spatial distribution of characteristic anions are southwest of the suburbs of Belgrade. The wider given in Figure 2. area where the protected area is located belongs to However, there is a difference in anion the plain terrain, that is, the alluvial plains of the concentrations between the two locations (Figure Sava and Kolubara Rivers. Due to the presence of 2). The highest concentrations of chloride and larger areas under agricultural crops in the phosphate were found in sediments from the Sava immediate vicinity of the OZ, it is to be expected River, while the highest concentrations of fluoride, that increased use and spreading of certain amounts nitrite, carbonate, sulfate, oxalate, bromide, and of various chemical substances in the form of nitrate were found in soil samples from the forest artificial fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides, and other that is flooded by the Kolubara River. protective chemical agents. A total of twelve soil and sediment samples from Acknowledgments two different sites were analyzed. Soil samples were The authors would like to thank the Ministry of sampled from the forest that is flooded by the Education, Science and Technological Kolubara River, and sediment was sampled from Development of the Republic of Serbia for financial the Sava River. Analysis of the most abundant support (Grant No: 451-03-68/2022-14/200026, anions such as fluoride, chloride, nitrite, carbonate, 451-03-68/2022-14/200169). sulfate, oxalate, bromide, nitrate, and phosphate was performed using an Ion chromatograph References DIONEX ICS 3000. The Dionex ICS-3000 [1] K. Jake, N.P. Serge (2010) Journal of Analytical chromatographic set-up consisted of a single pump, Chemistry, 1, 24-28. [2] J. Michaud (1994) Journal of Ecology, 36, 449-462. Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 134 POSTER (#5) Development of Novel Method for Determination of Disinfection Agent N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-dodecylpropane-1,3-diamine Using HPLC-DAD L. Tomazin1,*, L. Čižmek2, D. Mazur3, P. Trebše4 (1) Kimi d.o.o., Planjava 1, Trzin, Slovenia, (2) Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia, (3) Moscow State University, Chemistry Department, Leninskie gori 1, Moscow, Russia (4) University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Zdravstvena pot 5, Ljubljana, Slovenia *lovro.tomazin@kimi.si Disinfectants are one of the key tools in the residues on various hygienic and medical surfaces. process of controlling the spread of hospital We propose HPLC-DAD method with the prior infections [1]. Given that there is a growing interest derivatization of the amine, present in the sample. in the development of more environmentally and The derivatization procedure was carried out as human-friendly, but also economically affordable described earlier [4]. Briefly, amine was dissolved agents, the reduction of active substances in in a 0.1 M HCl aqueous solution or ethyl acetate. prepared working solutions is desirable. At the same Sodium hydroxide (2 M) was added followed by time, the prepared solutions must keep or even addition of benzoyl chloride. The reaction took shorten needed contact times, which are necessary place at different temperatures for specific time to achieve the required effects according to interval. The acylation was stopped by adding standardized efficacy testing procedures [2]. saturated NaCl solution and performing further Quaternary ammonium compounds and amines extraction with diethyl ether. The upper organic represent one of the most common active group of layer was dried and redissolved in methanol for substances used in preparations to disinfect HPLC analysis. Method optimisation included: selection of solvent for working solution, surfaces, instruments, equipment or remaining temperature, and derivatisation time optimisation. medical devices. The reason for their widespread Obtained results showed that ethyl acetate was use is that these substances enable different ways of better initial solvent, 50 min as an optimal time at application, good compatibility with materials and 30°C with a linear response curve for amine generally proven effectiveness [3]. The problem of concentrations from 0.2 to 1 mg/ml. The method monitoring such large group of compounds in so was evaluated on several biocidal products. many different media is need in an extremely large number of analytical methods, which include chromatography (liquid or gas coupled with various Acknowledgements This research was supported by Slovenian Research detectors), mass spectrometry, electrochemical and Agency through the core foundlings No. P3-0388 many other methods. Reliable analytical method is (Mechanisms of health maintenance). also vital in processes of proving compliance with legislation in the field of biocides, and especially in References the field of medical devices. [1] J. Gebel, M. Exner, G. French, Y. Chartier, et al. Antimicrobial substance N-(3-aminopropyl)-N- (2013) GMS Hygiene and Infection Control, 8(1), 1-12. dodecylpropane-1,3-diamine (BAPDA) is a novel [2] P.N. Humphreys (2011) Journal of Hospital Infection, compound used for the disinfection purposes. 77(3), 193-198. Methodologies for BAPDA detection such as [3] K.R. Morrison, R.A. Allen, K.P.C. Minbiole, W.M. HPLC-MS have already been developed, but our Wuest (2019) Tetrahedron Letters, 60(37), 1-12. scope of research was oriented to the development [4] D.F. Hwang, S.H. Chang, C.Y. Shiua, T. Chai (1997) of simple method, suitable for determination of Journal of Chromatography B, 693(1), 23-30. Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 135 POSTER (#5) Persistent Organic Pollutants in the European Eel from the Karstic River (Raša River, Croatia) K. Jagić1,*, M. Dvoršćak1, Z. Kljaković-Gašpić1, D. Zanella,2, D. Klinčić1 (1) Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia, (2) University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia *kjagic@imi.hr Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and same is also typical for different marine organisms organochlorinated (OC) compounds such as in the Adriatic Sea [3,4]. polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and DDT The analysed DDT-type compounds were present isomers are omnipresent in aquatic environments as in all eel samples from the Raša River. The median a consequence of current anthropogenic activities or of their total concentration was 37.3 ng g-1 lw and their use in the past. Due to their specific life cycle, 53.8 ng g-1 lw, at locations S1 and S2, respectively. eels are regularly used for biomonitoring DDE was the predominant compound among all of contaminant concentrations reflecting the targeted analytes. environmental burden [1,2]. Monitoring levels of Concentrations of targeted organic contaminants pollutants in eels is important because it is suspected were significantly positively correlated with length, that they have contributed to the decline of the eel weight and the relative condition factor of eels, and population over the last few decades, as well as even to a greater extent with the lipid content of eels. because of the impact on human health, as eels are Since all of the analysed eels were in the yellow widely included into typical diets among people stage, such results were expected, because in this living in the area of their habitat. life stage, they strongly accumulate lipophilic Persistent organic compounds (POPs) – PBDE contaminants due to their high lipid content and congeners (BDE–28, −47, −99, −100, −153, −154, sedentary lifestyle. Although the OC compounds −183), indicator PCB congeners (PCB−28, −52, included in this study were banned decades before −101, −118, −138, −153, −180), and three DDT- PBDEs were, they were still detected in higher type compounds (DDT, DDD, DDE) were analysed concentrations in eels from the Raša River, in 33 European eels ( Anguilla anguilla) caught in confirming their persistence in biota. Generally, the the upper (S1) and middle (S2) course of the Raša levels of organic contaminants in eels measured in River, an eastern Adriatic karstic river. Microwave- our study were at the lower end of levels reported assisted extraction was used as the extraction for eels across Europe. technique followed by GC-µECD. According to the results, a low level of PBDE Acknowledgements contamination of eels was observed, with a median This work was supported in part by the Croatian total concentration (∑PBDE) of 1.76 ng g-1 lipid Science Foundation under project HrZZ-UIP-2017- weight (lw) and 2.02 ng g-1 lw at locations S1 and 05-6713. S2, respectively. BDE-47 was a dominant congener References in the samples in which it was detected, accounting for more than 50% to the ∑PBDE [1] G. Malarvannan, C. Belpaire, C. Geeraerts, …, A. in 75% of all eel Covaci (2014) Science of the Total Environment, 482–483. samples, followed by BDE-100. [2] M. Couderc, L. Poirier, A. Zalouk-Vergnoux, …, B. Le A relatively wide range of total PCB Bizec (2015 ) Science of the Total Environment, 505, 199- concentrations was detected, with a median of 215. 29.3 ng g-1 lw and 46.2 ng g-1 lw at S1 and S2, [3] Z. Kljaković-Gašpić, S. Herceg Romanić, D. Klinčić, respectively. PCB-138 and -153 were the V. Tičina (2015) Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju, 66, predominant congeners in analysed eel samples, 299-308. [4] D. Klinčić, S. Herceg Romanić, Z. Kljaković-Gašpić, followed by PCB-180. Hexachlorobiphenyls mainly V. Tičina (2020) Marine Pollution Bulletin, 155, 111086. contribute the most to PCB levels in eels, but the Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 136 POSTER (#5) Comparative Analysis of Metal Accumulation in Liver and Muscle of Northern Pike from the Mrežnica River: Spatial and Tissue-Specific Differences T. Mijošek1,*, Z. Kiralj1, D. Ivanković1, V. Filipović Marijić1, S. Šariri1, I. Karamatić1, D. Valić1, T. Kralj1, Z. Dragun1 (1) Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia *tmijosek@irb.hr Contaminated site Liver the main organ Metal for metabolism and detoxification accumulation Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758 Muscle importance in Reference site human consumption, might represent a health risk The lower part of the Mrežnica River has long partially explained by differences of metal exposure been exposed to industrial pollution from the cotton from water and sediments. Namely, patterns of Bi, industry near the Town of Duga Resa. Cd, Mn, and Zn are consistent with their exposure To assess the level of metal pollution of the levels in sediments or water [1], while the causes of Mrežnica River affected by anthropogenic increased Se and Rb accumulation at REF should be activities, total metal concentrations were measured further investigated. Some spatial variability in both in liver and muscle of northern pike ( Esox lucius), organs were also observed for As, Co, Fe, K, Mg as a representative fish species. The liver was and Na, but were not shown significant. selected as the main metabolic site in organism, Comparison to literature revealed that metal(loid) while the muscle, as the edible part, could pose a concentrations in analyzed organs of northern pike health risk to humans in case of elevated metal indicate certain increase of bioaccumulation due to levels. Fish were caught in autumn 2021 at two anthropogenic pressure. The concentrations in the sites: upstream of the known pollution source as the fish muscle, however, were acceptable at both sites reference site (REF) and downstream of the Town based on the national and European legislations of Duga Resa (DRT) as the contaminated site. [2,3], which provide permissible levels for As, Cd Tissue samples were digested with mixture of and Pb. HNO3 and H2O2, and metal concentrations (As, Bi, Therefore, moderate impact of the historical Cd, Co, Cs, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Pb, Rb, Se, Tl contamination was observed in the Mrežnica River, and Zn) were measured using HR ICP-MS. The and further monitoring of the environment and biota concentrations of Pb were below detection limits in is still recommended. both organs, and of Cd only in the muscle. Obtained results confirmed liver as metabolically Acknowledgements more active organ than muscle, as accumulation of This work has been fully supported by Croatian most elements was 2-250 times higher in liver. The Science Foundation under the project METABIOM most prominent difference was observed for Fe, Cu, (IP-2019-04-2636). Co and Zn at both investigated sites, with concentrations in the liver higher 10-250 times References compared to the muscle. However, Cs, K, Mg and [1] Z. Dragun, D. Stipaničev, Ž. Fiket, M. Lučić, N. Rb showed higher bioaccumulation in the muscle. Udiković Kolić, A. Puljko, S. Repec, Z. Šoštarić Vulić, Despite different roles and structures of the two D. Ivanković, F. Barac, Z. Kiralj, T. Kralj, D. Valić (2022) Science of the Total Environment, X, 537. organs, they reflected environmental conditions in a [2] European Commission Regulation (2006) Setting similar manner. Significant differences between maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. REF and DRT sites were evident for Bi, Rb and Se No. 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006. Official Journal in both organs, and for Cd, Mn and Zn only in liver. of the European Union 364, 5-24. Bismuth and Zn showed higher levels at DRT, [3] Official Gazette of the Republic of Croatia NN whereas enhanced accumulation of Cd, Mn, Se and 146/2012. Pravilnik o najvećim dopuštenim količinama Rb was observed at REF. These results can be određenih kontaminanata u hrani, in Croatian. Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 137 POSTER (#5) Heavy Metals in the River Water and Sediment - an Impact to Human Health A. Šapčanin1,*, Ž. Jaćimović2, G. Jančan3 (1) Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Natural Sciences, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71 000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, (2) Faculty of Metallurgy and Technology, University of Montenegro, Dzordza Vasingtona bb, 81 000, Podgorica, Montenegro, (3) Chemilab d.o.o., Dunajska cesta 238E, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia *aida.sapcanin@ffsa.unsa.ba River Željeznica River Bosna This study was aimed to assess risks posed to human health based on contents of heavy metals found in water and sediment of the rivers Bosna and Željeznica. The water and sediment samples were analysed for the total content of heavy metals by using an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer ( ICP-MS ) Agilent 7700 Series. The total contents of heavy metals in the water and sediment samples were found to be in the ranges (μg/L ): 0.60 – 2,16 for Pb, 0,14 for Cd, 1.60 for Cu, 18,0 – 32,0 for Zn, 3,11 – 4,80 for As, 1,80 – 3,64 for Ni, and 0,59 – 1,91 for Cr. The hazard coefficient (HQ), non-carcinogenic hazard index (HI) and carcinogenic risk (RI) have been calculated [1-4]. Overall, HQ and HI were lower than the safe limit of 1, indicating that there is no direct risk to human health from heavy metals in the investigated area; however, these levels should be monitored in a long-term perspective. References [1] US EPA (2015) United States Environmental Protection Agency, in Quantitative Risk Assessment Calculations 7–9. https://www.epa.gov/risk/risk-assessment-guidance [2] World Health Organization, Environmental Health Criteria Series, EHC 228. Principles and Methods for the Assessment of Risk from Essential Trace Elements. WHO Geneva, 2002. https://apps.who.int/iris [3] World Health Organization, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Publications. IPCS/EHC Series. https://apps.who.int/iris/ [4] US EPA (2002) A review of the reference dose and reference concentration processes. EPA/630/P-02. https://www.epa.gov/risk/risk-assessment-guidance. Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 138 POSTER (#5) Heavy Metals in Edible Mushrooms -an Health Risk Assessment A. Šapčanin1,*, Ž. Jaćimović2, G. Jančan3 (1) Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Natural Sciences, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71 000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, (2) Faculty of Metallurgy and Technology, University of Montenegro,DzordzaVasingtona bb, 81 000, Podgorica, Montenegro, (3) Chemilab d.o.o., Dunajska cesta 238E, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia *aida.sapcanin@ffsa.unsa.ba Macrolepiota procera The content of lead, cadmium, zinc, copper, cobalt, iron, arsenic, nickel, selenium and chromium were determined in different species of edible mushrooms ( Macrolepiota procera, Agaricus campester, Amanita caesarea, Boletus edulis, Lycoperdon pyriforme and Agaricus urinascens. The mushroom samples which traditionally used in diet and some medical purposes, were collected from different rural localities in Bosnia. USEPA deterministic approaches were followed to assess the carcinogenic risk and noncarcinogenic risk which was measured by target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI). Obtained results for the heavy metals were compared according to the WHO/FAO standard. The study also assessed potential health risks of heavy metals and the target hazard quotient (THQ) for As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Co, Fe, Zn, Ni, Se, and Cr in the analysed mushrooms was lower than the safe level. References [1] M. Tüzen (2003). Microchem. J., 74, 289–297 [2] J. Cibulka, L. Sisak, K. Pulkrab, J. Szakova, and A. Fucikova, Scintia Agric. Biochem., 27, 113–129 (1996). [3] J. Falandaysz, D. Danisiewicz, H. Bona (1994) Bromatol. Chem. Toksykol. 27, 129–134 (in Polish). [4] P. Kala˘c, M. Wittingerova, I. Sta˘sková, M. Simak, and J. Bastl (1989) Ceskoslovenska Hygiena 34, 568– 576 (in Czech). Book of Abstracts. EMEC22 139 22nd EUROPEAN MEETING ON ENVIRONMENT AND CHEMISTRY SPONSORS PLATINUM SPONSOR OF EMEC22 OTHER SPONSORS 143 OTHER SPONSORS Marko Likon s.p. Sponsors of Early-career researcher's network activities THANK YOU FOR YOUR SUPPORT! 144 MY NOTES ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 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___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ INDEX 22nd EUROPEAN MEETING ON ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY PROGRAMME ......................................... i PLENARY LECTURES ............................................................................................................................... 0 Emerging Chemicals: A Journey from Source to Environment ................................................. 1 Air Pollution and Health: New Methods for Characterisation of Chemical Composition, Biological Effects and Toxicological Impact of Ambient Air and Aerosol Emissions................. 2 Soils, a Sink for Legacy and Emerging Pollutants. Impacts in Natural Areas ........................... 4 KEYNOTE LECTURES ............................................................................................................................... 5 Adsorption Process Puzzle in Novel Water Treatment for Organics Removal.......................... 7 Public Health Advances in Environmental Monitoring and Nano-Based Disinfection ............. 8 Nanoplastics Measurements in the Environment: What Did We Learn So Far? ...................... 9 Studies on Sampling and Molecular Characterization of Bioaerosol Viral and Bacterial Components in Outdoor and Indoor Environments................................................................ 10 Promising Bioactive Compounds from Marine Macroalgae: from Basic Research to Potential Application ............................................................................................................................. 11 What Does the Circular Economy Really Mean in our Daily Lives? ........................................ 12 Photocatalysis for Pollution Remediation: Treating Air, Water, and Hard Surfaces .............. 13 SESSION 1: Soil & Solid Matrices .......................................................................................................... 15 Geochemical and Ecotoxicity Properties of Therapeutic Peloid Muds from Serbia and Slovenia .................................................................................................................................. 17 Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Volatile Methylsiloxanes in Sand ................................ 18 Salinity and Flooding Mobilize Mercury from Polluted Soils and Sediments.......................... 19 Geochemical Characterization of Different Areas of the Portuguese Continental Shelf for Potential Aquaculture ............................................................................................................ 20 Bergamot Pastazzo as Suitable Platform for Cd2+ Removal and Sensing in Multicomponent Aqueous Solutions .................................................................................................................. 21 Anions Determination as an Important Property of Soil in Urban Forests: Case Study Avala Mountain, Serbia.................................................................................................................... 22 Determination of Pollution Status of Urban Forest Obrenovacki Zabran (Serbia) – Part B: Microelement Concentration in Soil and Sediments .............................................................. 23 Trace Elements Levels in Urban Soil Samples from Central Poland ....................................... 24 Saturated Hydrocarbons Proxies as a Tool for Differentiation Between Anthropogenic and Natural Organic Matter Inputs to the Surface Soils of the Sava River Alluvium .................... 25 149 Organic Compounds in Surface Sediments of Different Estuaries and Continental Shelf Areas of Portugal for Potential Aquaculture .................................................................................... 26 Occurrence of Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds in Sediments of the Nerbioi-ibaizabal Estuary: Spatial and Geographical Distribution and Ecological Risk Assessment .................. 27 Occurrence, Distribution Pattern and Origin of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the River Marina Sediments of the Kovin Dunavac (Kovin, Serbia) ....................................................... 28 Monitoring of Pesticides in Soil from South Banat District in Serbia and Timis County in Romania ................................................................................................................................. 29 Leaching of Insecticides in Soil Amended with Microalgal biomass: the Effect of Microplastics in the Soil ......................................................................................................... 30 Ultrasound and Mixing Assisted Sediment Washing with Selected Reagents – a Comparison Study ...................................................................................................................................... 31 The Assessment of Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Pollution of the Vrbas River Sediments ............................................................................................................................... 32 Influence of Maturation Processes on n-Alkane Distribution in Peloids from Sečovlje Saltpans Nature Park Slovenia .............................................................................................................. 33 Role of Mineralogical Composition and Physico-chemical Properties of Sediment on Badlands Classification .......................................................................................................... 34 Analytical Methodology for Monitoring Microplastics in Sewage Sludge from Wastewater Treatment Plants.................................................................................................................... 35 SESSION 2: Water ................................................................................................................................ 37 Bisphenols S, Poorly Determined Substitute of Bisphenol A - Comparison of Electrochemical and Chromatographic Detection in Water Media .................................................................. 39 Design and Manufacture of an In-situ Extraction Functionalized Device Using 3D Printing for the Determination of Sulfonamides from Water Samples by HPLC-DAD ............................... 40 Enantiomeric Determination of Main Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics and Their Metabolites in Wastewater and Surface Water............................................................................................. 41 Formation and Decomposition of Thiocyanate in Natural Aquatic Systems .......................... 42 Nutrient Removal and Recovery from Water Using Functionalised Biochars ........................ 43 Natural Abiotic Degradation of Phenol and Chlorophenols in Aquatic Environment ............ 44 Ionic and Porous Materials for Efficient and Sustainable Water Purification Processes........ 45 Development of a New Synthetic Chalcone as a Promising Non-Toxic Antifoulant for the Prevention of Marine Biofouling ............................................................................................ 46 Water pollution threats in Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas......................................... 47 Environmental Quality of the Hyporheic Zone of the Sava River Under Anthropogenic Influence ................................................................................................................................. 48 Photochemical Fate of Organic Micropollutants in the Sea Surface Microlayer .................... 49 150 Distribution and Remobilization of Organic Pollutants by Floods – the Case Study Rur River, Germany................................................................................................................................. 50 Monitoring of the Occurrence and Patterns of Regulated Persistent Organic Pollutants and Emerging Flame Retardants in the Eastern French Mediterranean Coastline ....................... 51 Photodegradation of Triclosan on the Kaolinite Surface: Aqueous Phase Photodegradation and Molecular Modelling of the Clay Surface Interactions .................................................... 52 Fenton and Fenton-like Processes for the Removal of Emerging and Recalcitrant Contaminants from Wastewater ........................................................................................... 53 Reactivity and Photodegradation Mechanism of Metazachlor in Aqueous Phase: Determination of the Rate Constants and Identification of the Main Photoproducts ........... 54 HPLC-HRMS Determination in Water Environment of Anticancer Drugs Subjected to Heterogenous Photocatalysis Mediated by Semi-Conductor ................................................. 55 Photocatalytic Removal of Nine Pesticides by Graphitic Carbon Nitride Coated Recycled Glass Beads and Economical UV-A 365 nm LEDs ................................................................... 56 Synergistic Action of UV Irradiation and Hydroxyl Radicals: Removal of Emerging Contaminant from Water ....................................................................................................... 57 Presence of Microplastics in Natural and Drinking Waters by Py-GC-MS .............................. 58 Influence of Operating Parameters on the Efficiency of a Pilot-Scale Photocatalytic Reactor for Water Treatment .............................................................................................................. 59 Metal-Organic Framework Coated Portable 3D-printed Paddle Stirrer for Extraction of Chlorophenols, P-Nitrophenol and Bisphenol A in Biodigester and Wastewater Samples .... 60 Residues of Drugs of Abuse: Treatment Efficiency, Environmental Occurrence and Risk Assessment............................................................................................................................. 61 Sustainable Mining and Acid Mine Water Treatment ............................................................ 62 Urban Water Quality Through Time in Paris, France: What can be Learned from CaCO3 Deposits Found in Undergrounds Structures .......................................................................... 63 Seasonal Distribution of Trace Metals in Heavily Industrialized Pula Bay, Croatia ................ 64 Accumulation of Macro- and Trace Elements in Amphipod Synurella ambulans from Hyporheic Zone of the Sava River, Croatia ............................................................................. 65 Chromatographic and Spectrophotometric Investigation of V(V) Interaction with Biologically Important Thiols ..................................................................................................................... 66 Development of Reliable Analytical Methods for the Monitoring of Emerging Pollutants’ Removal by Advanced Oxidation Processes ........................................................................... 67 The Removal of Thiophanate-Methyl Using Novely Synthesized Catalysts CeO2-P25 Under Simulated Sunlight: Structural Characterisation and Photocatalytic Activity ........................ 68 Optimization of Materials on a Graphite Glass Composite Thick Film Working Electrode for Voltammetric Detection of Neonicotinoids ............................................................................ 69 151 Monitoring of Pesticides in Water Bodies from the Agricultural Region of South Banat District in Serbia ..................................................................................................................... 70 The Use of an Algal Micriobiotest to Assess the Toxicity of Degradation Products after Herbicide Photocatalysis ........................................................................................................ 71 Risk Assessment of Water Organic Micropollutants in Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas ............................................................................................................................................... 72 Propranolol Degradation Products after Non-thermal Plasma Treatment using Coaxial DBD Reactor ................................................................................................................................... 73 Thermodynamic Solution Properties of Trans-Aconitic acid and Its Sequestering Ability Toward Cd2+, Pb2+ and Mn2+ at Different Experimental Condition ......................................... 74 Potential of Correlograms to Detect and Characterise Autocorrelation in Water Monitoring Data ....................................................................................................................................... 75 Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using a Japanese Knotweed Root Extract ................. 76 Sorption of Diesel from Aqueous Solution on Biochar ............................................................ 77 Sorption and Biosorption of Petroleum Pollutants from Water Samples Using Biochar, Hydrocarbon Degrading Microorganisms and Their Combination ........................................ 78 Engineered Bioremediation - Technology of Choice for Treatment of Aquifer Contaminated with Oil Pollutants .................................................................................................................. 79 Potential of Nature-Inspired Prenylated Flavonoids as a Sustainable Alternative to Commercial Biocides Against Marine Biofouling ................................................................... 80 SESSION 3: Atmosphere ....................................................................................................................... 81 Insights into Fenton-Like Reactions in the Presence of Oxalate Complexes and Implications for the Atmospheric Aqueous Phase ...................................................................................... 83 Solving the Mystery of the Chukotka Stinky Gray Whales ..................................................... 84 Comparing Smoke and Aerosols from Classic and Electronic Cigarettes, and from »Heat-not-Burn« Devices ......................................................................................................................... 85 Air Quality Mobile Monitoring Campaign in Novi Sad Urban Area in Winter and Summer 2022 ....................................................................................................................................... 86 Characterization of Atmospheric Aerosols (PM10 and PM2.5) in the Area of the Republic of Slovenia .................................................................................................................................. 87 Influence and Contribution of Traffic on PM2.5 Concentrations During Four Seasons in Novi Sad ......................................................................................................................................... 88 Unregulated Landfills as Sources of PM Emissions ................................................................ 89 Road Dust Enrichment of Rare Earth Elements Collected in the Vicinity of the Coal Combustion Power Plant ........................................................................................................ 90 Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Particulate Matter and Trace Elements Levels in the Ambient Air of Urban and Rural Location in Extremadura (Spain) ........................................ 91 152 SESSION 4: Sustainability ..................................................................................................................... 93 Urban Wastewater Treatment and Volatile Methylsiloxanes Removal with Microalgal Cultures .................................................................................................................................. 95 Fatty Acid Profile of Dunaliella tertiolecta in response to Different Selenium Concentrations ............................................................................................................................................... 96 Plastic Waste Material as a Sustainable Source of Alternative Fuels and Valuable Chemicals ............................................................................................................................................... 97 Development of Ionic Liquid Based Hydrogels for Iron and Cooper Metallic Patinas on Stone Surfaces .................................................................................................................................. 98 New Reactor Approach for Low-Temperature Catalytic Methane Decomposition ................ 99 Biohydrometallurgical Methods for Cobal and Nickel Recovery from Printed PC Motherboard ............................................................................................................................................. 100 The Role of Ni Film Structure on Catalytic Methane Decomposition ................................... 101 Effect of Calcination Step in the Activity of Ir/M-SnO2 Catalysts for PEM Technology ........ 102 Synthesis of Iodine monochloride Using a Chlorine Solution in Glacial acetic acid with Simultaneous Disinfectant Generation ................................................................................ 103 Determination of PAHs in Flying Ashes from Multi-cyclones and Baghouse Dust Filters..... 104 Phytotoxicity of Endocrine Disrupters Nonylphenol and Bisphenol A in Pelargonium Zonale ............................................................................................................................................. 105 Determination of the Products of Bacterial Lignin Degradation: Targeted and Non-Targeted Screening .............................................................................................................................. 106 GC-MS Analysis of Liquid Fractions Obtained by Off-Line Pyrolysis of Reference Synthetic and Natural Polymers ................................................................................................................. 107 Comparison of Off-Line Pyrolysis of Commercial Biopolymers and Biomass Samples ......... 108 Physicochemical Characterization of Biomass Samples Used for Pyrolysis and Co-Pyrolysis for Pyrolytic Processes .......................................................................................................... 109 Pyrolysis Characteristics of Sewage Sludge and Municipal Solid Waste Subjected to the Torrefaction Process............................................................................................................. 110 Life Cycle Assessment of Nature-Based Solution for Wastewater Treatment...................... 111 Environmental Bioremediation is the Technology of the Future in Sustainable Development ............................................................................................................................................. 112 Microalgal Cultures for Wastewater Polishing: Application of Artificial Neural Networks for Process Modelling and Control ............................................................................................ 113 Arthrospira platensis as a Highly Sustainable Ingredient for Eco-friendly Cosmetics .......... 114 SESSION 5: One health ....................................................................................................................... 115 Innovative Data Visualisation Tool to Aid Addressing Pharmaceutical Pollution in the Scottish Water Environment ................................................................................................ 117 153 Assessing Particle Toxicity of Two African Cities Using the Ascorbic Acid Assay.................. 118 Mass Flow Balance of Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents in Workplaces with Magnetic Resonance Imaging Services ................................................................................................ 119 Gasoline Additives in Groundwater in Paraguay - Case Study: Methyl t-Butyl Ether in the Patiño Aquifer ...................................................................................................................... 120 Assessing the Nature and the Impact of By-Products Issued from Industrial Chlorinated Discharges into the Sea ........................................................................................................ 121 Impact of Polyhydroxybutyrate Microparticles on the Floating Freshwater Plant Duckweed Lemna minor ........................................................................................................................ 122 A Novel Approach Using UV-LED Activated Photocatalytic Nanomaterials ......................... 123 Implications of Polystyrene Microplastics on the Gastric Digestion of Bovine Milk ............. 124 The Role of Secondary Metabolites from Cannabis Sativa L. in Health ................................ 125 Evaluation of Chlorella vulgaris Potential as Nutraceutical and Sustainable Food Supplement ............................................................................................................................................. 126 Evaluation of Extraction Procedures to Yield the Highest Pigment content, Antioxidant and Antityrosinase activity from Green Algae Ulva lactuca ........................................................ 127 Photostability and Photoprotective Effects of Brown Macroalgae Halopteris scoparia Influenced by Seasonal Changes .......................................................................................... 128 Determination of Hydrodynamic Radius of Extracellular Particles from Conditioned Media of Microalgae Phaeodactylum Tricornutum by Interferometric Light Microscopy .................. 129 The use of ethanolic extracts of basil to improve the oxidative stability of cold-pressed sunflower oil ......................................................................................................................... 130 Acrylamide Content in Cookies Based on Spelt Flour and Beetroot Powder ........................ 131 Preparation of PET Particles By Cryomilling and Potential Environmental Impact of Microplastics ........................................................................................................................ 132 Adaption of a Solid Phase Extraction Method for Copper (I) Determination in Marine Waters and Estuaries ........................................................................................................................ 133 Determination of Pollution Status of Urban Forest Obrenovački Zabran (Serbia) – Part A: Anion Concentrations in Soil and Sediments ........................................................................ 134 Development of Novel Method for Determination of Disinfection Agent N-(3-aminopropyl)- N-dodecylpropane-1,3-diamine Using HPLC-DAD ................................................................ 135 Persistent Organic Pollutants in the European Eel from the Karstic River (Raša River, Croatia) ............................................................................................................................................. 136 Comparative Analysis of Metal Accumulation in Liver and Muscle of Northern Pike from the Mrežnica River: Spatial and Tissue-Specific Differences ...................................................... 137 Heavy Metals in the River Water and Sediment - an Impact to Human Health ................... 138 Heavy Metals in Edible Mushrooms -an Health Risk Assessment ........................................ 139 154 22nd EUROPEAN MEETING ON ENVIRONMENT AND CHEMISTRY SPONSORS ..................................... 141 INDEX ................................................................................................................................................ 149 AUTHOR INDEX .................................................................................................................................. 157 155 156 AUTHOR INDEX Abdel-Nour, C. 49 Cardiano, P. 21, 74 Adam, T. 2 Carretero-Peña, S. 91 Adamović, D. 89 Cartmell, E. 117 Adamović, S. 89 Carvallo, F. 120 Aga, D. S. 46 Castro-Jiménez, J. 18 Agarski, B. 111 Cereceda-Balic, F. 18 Alatič, K. 87 Cidade, H. 46, 80 Albińska J. 24 Cimrmančič, B. 61 Almeida, J. R. 46, 80 Cindrić, M. 48, 65 Alonso, E. 35, 41 Cindrić, A.-M. 64 Alves, L. 99, 101, 102 Cirkovic Velickovic, T. 124 Aničić Urošević, M. 90 Ciudad, C. 47, 72 Antić, V. 107, 108, 109, 131 Conić, V. 100 Antić, N. D. 22, 23, 34, 134 Contin, M. 19 Antić, M. 107, 108, 109, 130 Correia-da-Silva, M. 46, 80 Antić, K. Đ. 28, 105 Coulomb, B. 121 Aparicio, I. 35, 41 Coupé, S. 121 Arana, G. 98 Crista, F. 29 Arenas, M. 35 Crmaric, D. 133 Arrigler, V. 129 Czech, H. 2 Artaev, V. B. 84 Čižmek, L. 96, 114, 127, 128, 135 Asia, L. 51 Čož-Rakovac, R. 96, 114, 126, 127, 128 Atilla-Gokcumen, G. E. 46 Črešnovar, Š. 39 Avdalović, J. S. 25, 77, 79, 100, 112 Dailey, L. A. 124 Babić, S. 11, 96 Dal Bello, F. 55 Baković, M. 114, 126 Dalmau-Soler, J. 58 Balaban, M. 32, 131 Dapoigny, A. 63 Barbarič, E.M. 87 Davidović, M. 86, 88 Barbieri, P. 10 Davidović, M. 86 Barzallo, D. 40 de Diego, A. 27 Bavcon Kralj, M. 30, 39, 85 de Guzman, M. K. 124 Belavič, D. 69 de Menezes Castro, I. 56 Bernal, C. 120 De Nobili, M. 19 Bernardo, M. 45 de Stefano, C. 21, 74 Beškoski, V. 77, 78, 112 Deabji, N. 118 Bilbao, D. 27 Dekleva, M. 69 Binkley, J. 84 Delaval, M. N. 2 Blagojević, S. 22 Delgado, S. 102 Calvo Blázquez, L. 91 Demelas, C. 121 Bogunović, M. 7 Derco, J. 67 Boleda, M. R. 58 Despotović, I. 78 Bordier, L. 63 Dević, G. 25 Borges, C. 20, 26 Di Bucchianico, S. 2 Boudenne, J. L. 121 Dias, P. 99, 101 Božič, M. 31 Diedović, E. 114 Bragança, I. 18 Djurica, M. 87 Branchu, P. 63 Dmitrašinović, S. 86, 88, 111 Branco, L. C. 45 Dojćinović, B. 100 Bretti, C. 74 dos Santos Souza, E. J. 118 Brigante, M. 54 Doumenq, P. 51 Budimir, M. 86 Douville, E. 63 Bukenov, B. 84 Dragun, Z. 137 Bulatović, S. 25 Dron, J. 121 Bura-Nakić, E. 66, 133 Dulsat-Masvidal, M. 4, 47, 72 Burgačić, M. 68 Dumont, E. 63 Calza, P. 55 Dvoršćak, M. 136 Capela, D. 18 Edwards, C. 56 157 Ehlert, S. 2 Irsig, R. 2 Eleršek, T. 61 Irto, A. 21, 74 Erk, M. 48, 65 Isailović, J. 107, 108, 109 Espregueira, C. 18 Ivančev-Tumbas, I. 7 Esteves, A. F. 113 Ivanković, D. 137 Facetti, J. F. 120 Ivanovski, M. 87, 110 Fadic, X. 18 Jaćimović, Ž. 138, 139 Fauvelle, V. 51 Jagić, K. 136 Fedutin, I. D. 84 Jamil, Q. 59 Fernandez, M. 63 Jan, Z. 129 Ferreira, S. 18 Jančan, G. 138, 139 Ferrer, L. 40 Jerlah, M. 69 Filatova, O. A. 84 Jiménez-Guerrero, P. 18 Filipović Marijić, V. 137 Josefová, D. 71 Finderle, I. 64 Jovančićević, B. Fomba, K. W. 118 17, 32, 33, 34, 78, 107, 108, 109 Fontana, F. 10 Jovancicevic, I. 97, 107, 108, 109 Freitas, S. 45 Jovanović, A. 62, 68 Gabrych, I. 24 Jovanović, G. 62 Gaetano, A. S. 10 Jovašević-Stojanović, M. 86, 88 Gaffney, P. 43 Kalčikova, G. 44 Gajek, M. 24 Kamberović, Ž. 62 Gajica, G. 17, 33, 78, 107, 108, 109 Kameníková, E. 132 Galić Perečinec, M. 96, 114, 126 Kamyshny, A. 42 Genorio, B. 96 Karamatić, I. 137 Gevinç, I. 17, 104 Kašanin-Grubin, M. 22, 23, 32, 34, 134 Gibb, S. 43, 117 Kean, A. 123 Glavaš, N. 17, 33 Kiendler-Scharr, A. 2 Gomez-Laserna, O. 98 Kiralj, Z. 137 Gonçalves, C. 20, 26, 46 Kirk, C. 43 Gonçalves, A. L. 95, 113 Kleut, D. 86 Goričanec, D. 87, 110 Klinčić, D. 136 Gošnak Dahmane, R. 85 Kljaković-Gašpić, Z. 136 Gottstein, S. 48, 65 Knežević, L. 66 Goujon, F. 52 Kocman, D. 61 Greco, E. 10 Kogej, K. 129 Green, L. 117 Kojić, I. 28 Gregorc, B. 31 Kolar, M. 31, 69 Gričar, E. 69 Korenta, A. 39 Griessler Bulc, T. 30 Kosjek, T. 61, 106 Gröger, T. 2 Kosyakov, D. S. 84 Grozdanić, O. 64 Kovačević, V. 73 Guillerme, A. 63 Kozlovič-Bobič, T. 61 Heath, E. 1, 61 Kralj, T. 137 Heath, D. 61 Kralj-Iglič, V. 129 Herrmann, H. 83, 118 Kramarič Zidar, V. 61 Hohaus, T. 2 Kravos, A. 44 Hôhener, P. 121 Krejčová, A. 119 Homem, V. 18 Krizman-Matasic, I. 61 Homer, B. 117 Krumpak, L. 127 Horvat, M. 19 Kryszczak, D. 24 Hotea, I. 29 Kubitová, P. 119 Hrda, K. 71 Kučerík, J. 122, 132 Hrušková, A. 132 Kumar, P. 57 Humston-Fulmer, E. M. 84 Kurashova, I. 42 Iglič, A. 129 Kuščer, D. 69 Ilić, M. 25, 79 Lacorte, S. 4, 47, 58, 72 Ilijević, K. 75, 90 Lagarteira, T. 99, 101, 102 Imperl, J. 31 Laimou-Geraniou, M. 61 Infante, O. 47, 72 Lalićić-Petronijević, J. 131 Irizar, P. 27, 98 Lando, G. 21, 74 158 Lapanje, A. 106 Müller, J. 50 Lavrenčič Štangar, U. 13, 57, 58 Niemi, L. 117 Lawton, L. A. 56 Noret, A. 63 Lazović, I. 86 Novak Tušar, N. 3 Le Fur, C. 52 Nunes, M. J. 45 Lebedev, A. 84 Núñez, R. 120 León-Ovelar, R. 120 Obradović, B. 73 Lestel, L. 63 Offer, S. 2 Levstek, M. 61 Ojeda, J. 120 Licen, S. 10 Omanović, D. 64 Litovka, D. I. 84 Orlić, J. 75, 90 Lješević, M. 77 Palacio, E. 40, 60 Lofrano, G. 8 Pallavicini, A. 10 Lopes, T. 102 Palma, C. M. 20, 26 Lopičić, Z. 77 Palomino, C. 60 Louis, F. 54 Palovčík, J. 132 Lugonja, N. 77, 78, 79, 100, 112 Pantelić, N. 131 Lukić, M. 79 Pantzke, J. 2 Lukšič, S. 61 Pap, S. 43, 111 123 Mácová, S. 122 Passig, J. 2 Maćkiewicz, E. 24 Pawlaczyk, A. 24 Madariaga, J. M. 98 Pellegrini, E. 19 Mailhot, G. 54 Pereira, D. 46, 80 Mailhot, M. 54 Pereira, V. 99, 101 Makarovič, K. 69 Pereira, F. 99 Malinović, B. N. 67 Perković, L. 126 Malleret, L. 51 Perrone, M. G. 10 Marčenko, E. 87 Pestana, C. J. 56 Marić, N. 25 Petrie, B. 56 Marinković, A. 68 Petronijević, N. 62 Marolt, G. 69 Petrovič, A. 110 Marques, R. 102 Pfleger, S. 117 Martens, P. 2 Piani, B. 19 Martić, A. 114, 126, 128 Pinilla-Gil, E. 91 Martín, J. 35, 41 Pinto, M. 46, 80 Martínez-Arkarazo, I. 98 Pires, J. C. M. 95, 113 Mašek, O. 78 Plešnik, H. 106 Mateo, R. 4, 47, 72 Podobnik, L. 85 Materic, D. 9 Poljšak, B. 85 Matoh, L. 59 Polyakova, O. V. 84 Matos, I. 45 Pons Branchu, E. 63 Mazur, D. 104, 135 Prado, M. R. 2 Medana, C. 55 Prieto, G. 101 Megson, I. 123 Procházková, P. 122, 132 Mejías, C. 41 Prodanovic, J. 111 Mendes, A. 99, 101, 102 Prosen, H. 44, 61, 67, 69 Michelot, JL. 63 Prosenc, F. 17, 33 Mijangos, L. 27 Pržulj, S. 32 Mijatović, N. 23 Quivet, E. 121 Mijošek, T. 137 Rabrenović, B. 130 Miletic, S. 77, 78, 79, 100, 112 Rac, V. 130 Milić, J. 25, 100 Račić, J. 67 Milovanović, B. 75 Radišič, B. 125 Minella, M. 53 Radonić, J. 88, 89, 105, 111 Mirleau, P. 51 Radovanović, D. 62 Mislej, V. 61 Radović, S. 88, 111 Mišíková, F. 119 Radović, N. 103 Mišmaš, B. 61 Radulov, I. 29 Mitrevski, S. 131 Ratola, N. 18, 95 Monvoisin, G. 63 Ravbar, M. 76 Mothé-Esteves, P. 45 Redžović, Z. 48, 65 159 Repič, B. 69 Tkalec, Ž. 106 Revenko, G. 121 Tomašević, A. 68 Rigal, C. 51 Tomat, S. 19 Robba, A. 31 Tomazin, L. 139 Rocha, C. 20, 26 Topić Popović, N. 96, 114, 126 Rodrigues, L. 45 Tosti, T. 22, 23, 34, 138 Roglić, G. 73 Trafela, Š. 39 Romano Spica, V. 8 Trebše, P. 17, 33, 39, 104, 127, 128, 139 Romolo, A. 129 Turk Sekulić, M. 88, 89, 111 Rončević, V. 22 Turnes, G. 60 Rossignol, S. 49 Uranjek, N. 61 Rudich, Y. 2 Urbancl, D. 87, 110 Running, L. 46 Uribe, U. 27 Sá, H. 18 Valdivia, M. 123 Salgado, E. M. 95, 113 Valić, D. 139 Salihoglu, G. 12, 104 Van Haute, S. 124 Sánchez-Soberón, F. 18, 95 Vargas Muñoz, M. A. 60 Santos, P. 20, 26 Vasconcelos, V. 46, 80 Santos, J.L. 35, 41 Vassalo, L. 121 Sarakha, M. 52, 54 Vergel, K. 90 Sarkis, N. 51 Verma, S. 57 Savić, S. D. 73, 103 Verovšek, T. 61 Savić, D. M. 107, 108, 109 Veselinović, G. 17, 30, 32, 33, 138 Savić, D. Dj. 139 Villas Boas, C. 46 Savić, D. N. 139 Vione, D. 53 Schade, J. 2 Vončina, R. 87, 110 Schaefer, T. 83 Vrvić, M.M. 79, 112 Scheres Firak, D. 83 Vujović, T. 114, 126 Schwanen, C. A. 50 Vukelic, D. 111 Schwarzbauer, J. 50, 97, 107, 108, 109 Vukicevic, E. 22, 107, 108, 109 Semeraro, S. 10 Whyte, F. 117 Serić Perić, M. 48 Wimmer, L. 124 Silva, R. 20, 26 Wong-Wah-Chung, P. 49, 52 Sipulla, O. 2 Wysocki, P. 24 Smole Možina, S. 76 Zalewska, K. 45 Sokić, M. 62, 68 Zanella, D. 138 Sordello, F. 53 Zaric, N. 29, 70, 90 Spasic, S. 77, 79, 100, 112 Zaric, M. 29, 70 Sretenović, G. 73 Zhao, Q. 43 Stanisavljevic, N. 70 Zimmermann, R. 2 Stanković, S. 62 Zimmermann, E. 2 Stefanović, M. 34, 68 Zinicovscaia, I. 90 Stergar, J. 110 Zlámalová-Gargošová, H. 122 Stojadinović, S. 17, 23, 32, 33, 34, 138 Zugan, M. 106 Stojanović, D. 86 Zupin, L 10 Stojanović, K. 103 Žagar Soderžnik, K. 39 Stojićević, A. 130 Žerađanin, A. 112 Stošić, M. 105 Žgajnar Gotvajn, A. 67 Stražar, M. 61 Živanović, N. 23, 138 Strunjak-Perović, I. 96 Živkovič, M. 86 Szynkowska-Jozwik, M. I. 24 Šajnović, A. 17, 33 Šapčanin, A. 138, 139 Šariri, S. 139 Šolević Knudsen, T. 25, 28, 105 Štrbac, S. 22, 23, 32, 34, 138 Štukelj, R. 125 Šuligoj, A. 13, 76 Šunta, U. 30 Šuštarič, A. 61 Taggart, M.A. 43, 123 160 EMEC22 – 22nd European Meeting on Environmental Chemistry took place in Ljubljana, Slovenia between the 5th and the 8th of December 2022. It was organised by the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lju- bljana, Slovenia, on behalf of the Association of Chem- istry and the Environment (ACE). This period is traditionally reserved for EMEC conferences – previous conferences took place all over Europe: 2021 Novi Sad,Serbia | 2020 cancelled due to Covid19 | 2019 Lodz,Poland | 2018 Clermont Ferrand,France | 2017 Porto,Portugal | 2016 Inverness,UK | 2015 Torino,Italy | 2014 Brno,Czech Republic | 2013 Budva,Montenegro | 2012 Moscow, Russia | 2011 Clermont Ferrand, France | 2010 Portorož, Slovenia | 2009 Limoges,France | 2008 Girona,Spain | 2007 Inverness,UK | 2006 Brno, Czech Republic | 2005 Belgrade, Serbia | 2004 Bari, Italy | 2003 Plymouth, UK | 2002 Geneva, Switzerland | 2001 Dijon, France | 2000 Nancy, France The main objectives of EMEC conferences are to bring to- gether scientists, senior and early-career, working in the field of environmental chemistry and related disciplines to report on the latest advances in their fields in the form of oral and poster presentations and rich scientific dis- cussions. Social events between the scientific sessions provide a great opportunity to develop networks among researchers. EMEC22 included a rich scientific programme, including sessions on Solid matrices, Water, Atmosphere, Sustain- able development, and One health. Additionally, social events – Get together,Gala dinner,tours to Bled, Ljubljana and Ljubljana Castle, as well as Early-Career Researcher workshop and social, provided ample opportunity for in- formal friendly and scientific exchanges, and hopefully long-lasting friendships and collaborations. This Book of Abstracts contains abstracts of works presented in oral and poster presentations at EMEC22, as well as abstracts of renowned plenary speakers and cutting-edge keynote lectures. www.emec22.com emec22@zf.uni-lj.si Document Outline Blank Page Blank Page