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Nomenklaturna revizija acidofilnih bukovih in gradnovih gozdov zahodnega območja ilirske florae province
Nomenclatural revision of acidophilus Beech and Sessille Oak forests in the western area of the Illyrian flora] province
Lojze Martnček & Mitja Zupančič
Biološki inštitut ZRC SAZU, Novi trg 5, SLO - 61 000 Ljubljana
Izvleček: Po kodeksu fitocenološke nomenklature smo naredili korekcijo imen naslednjih rastlinskih združb: Casta.neo-Fagetum sylvalicae, Luzulo albidae-Fagetum, Blechno-Fagetum, Leucobiyo-Quercelitm petraeae in Calluno-Quercetum petraeae.
Abstract: In accordancc with the codex of phytocoenological nomenclature, we have corrcctcd the names of the following plant communities: Castaneo-Fagetum tylvalicae, Luzulo albidae-Fagetum, Blcchno-Fagelum, Leucobryo-Qucrcetum petraeae and Calluno-Quercetum petraeae.
1. Uvod
Cilj razprave je nomenklaturna revizija združb acidofilnih bukovih in gradnovih gozdov ter njihovih razvojnih stadijev na zahodnem območju iiirske florne province. Revizijo smo opravili skladno s Kodeksom fito-cenološfcc nomenklature (Barkmann & al., 1986: 159-173 in 188-195). Pregled in revizija gradiva acidofilnih bukovih in gradnovih gozdov Slovenije je pokazala, da so te združbe floristično osiromašene, zlasti že z razlikovalnicami in značilnicami zveze Aremonio-Fagion (Ht. ex Borhidi 1963) Torok, Podani & Borhidi 1989. Analiza kaže, da teh združb ne moremo uvrstiti v zvezo Aremonio-Fagion. Acidofilne bukove združbe so na zahodnem območju ilirske florne province ekstrazonalne, edafsko pogojene, sorodne podobnim srednjeevropskim združbam podzveze Luzulo-Fagenion Lohm. & R. Tu. in R. Tx. 1954, ki
jo uvrščamo v zvezo Fagion sylvaticae Luquet 1926. Muci h" a & al. (1993) uvrščajo podzvezo Luzulo-Fagenion v zvezo Qucrcetalia roboris R.-Tx. 1931. Naše mnenje je, da pripadajo združbe podzveze Luzulo-Fagenion v red Fag-ctalia sylvaticae. To stališče ima osnovo predvsem v florističnem inventarju združb zveze Luzulo-Fagion, ki vsebuje mnoge floristične elemente reda Fagetalia sylvaticae. V prid temu govore (udi ekološke razmere. Združbe podzveze Luzulo-Fagenion uspevajo v spodnjem in srednjem montanskem pasu. Združbe reda Qucrcetalia roboris so floristično siromašne in uspevajo večinoma v nižjih nadmorskih višinah (planarni in kolinski svet). Zelo acidofilni bukov gozd (Blechno-Fagetum) ima le malo značilnic in razlikovalnie razreda Querco-Fagetea s. lat., razen vrst Fagus s}'Ivatica in Quercus petraea. Zato smo uvrstili izrazito acidofilne bukove in grad-nove združbe v zvezo Quercion ro-
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boris-petraeae Br.-Bl. 1932 in red Quercetalia roboris R.-Tx. 1931. Hkrati smo izvedli nomenklaturno revizijo Stadijev združbe Blechno-Fagetum in jih obravnavamo kot samostojne asociacije. Metodologijo navedb revidiranih fitocenoz smo uskladili s Kodeksom in se ravnali po revizijah že objavljenih v Italiji, Avstriji in Sloveniji (Marinček & al. 1992, Mucina & al., 1993, Poldini & Nardini, 1993, Zupančič 1994). Hkrati opuščamo leta 1979 postavljeno podzvezo Luzulo-Fagenion illyricum Marinček & Zupančič v sklopu tedanje zveze Fagion illyricum Ht. (1938) 1950 oziroma sedanje zveze Aremonio-Fagion (Ht. ex Borhidi 1963) Torok, Podani & Borhidi 1989.
1. Introduction
The purpose of this paper is the nomenclatural revision of the associations of acidophilus beech and sessile oak forests and their developmental stadia in the western area of the Itlyrian floral province. The revision was made in accordance with the Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature (Barkman et al., 1986: 159-173 and 188-195). The survey and revision of the material relating to aci-dophilous beech and sessile oak forests of Slovenia show that these associations are floristically impoverished, specifically poor in differential and characteristic species of the alliance Aremonio-Fagion (Ht. ex Borhidi 1963) Torok, Podani & Borhidi 1989. According to the analysis, these associations cannot be placed in the Aremonio-Fagion alliance. The acidophilus beech associations in the west of the Illyrian floral province are
extrazonal, edaphically conditioned, reminiscent of similar Central European associations of the Luzulo-Fagen-ion Lohm. & R. Tx in R. Tx., 1954 suballiance, which is placed in the Fagion sylvaticae Luquet 1926 alliance. According to Mucina et al. (1993), the Luzulo-Fagion alliance forms part of the order Quercetalia roboris R. Tx. 1931. In our opinion, however, the associations of the Lu-zulo-Fagenion suballiance Fagion sylvaticae and belong to the Fagetalia sylvaticae order. Our opinion is derived from the fact that the floristic inventory includes numerous floristic elements of the Fagetalia sylvaticae order. The ecological circumstances seem to corroborate our belief. Associations of the Luzulo-Fagcnion sub-alliancc occur in the lower and middle montane belts. Associations of the Quercetalia roboiis order are floristically poor, mostly occurring at lower altitudes (planar and hilly land). Highly acidophilus beech forest -Blechno-Fagetum - has few characteristic and differential species of the class Querco-Fagetea s. lat., except for the species Fagus sylvatica and Quercus petraea. For this reason, markedly acidophilus beech and sessile oak forest associations were placed to the Quercion roboris-petraeae (Br.-Bl. 1932) alliance and Quercetalia roboris (R. Tx. 1931) order. At the same time, we also attended to the nomenclatural revision of the stadia of the Blechno-Fagetum association, treating them as independent associations. The methodology of quoting the revised associations was brought in accordance with the Codex, taking into account the revisions published in Slovenia, Italy and Austria (MarincSek. & al., 1992; Mucina &
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al., 1993; Zupančič, 1994). We abandoned the suballiance Luzulo-Fagen-ioti illyricum Marinček & Zupančič introduced in 1970 into the then alliance Fagion illyncum (Ht. (193S) 1950) and the current alliance Are-monio-Fagion (Ht. ex Borhidi 1963) Tôrôk, Podani & Borhidi 1989, respectively.
2. Fagetalia sylvaticae
Fagion sylvaticae Luzulo-Fagen ion
2.1	Castaneo-Fugetum sylvaticae nom. nov. hoc loco
Basionym: Querco-Luzulo-Fagetum Marinček & Zupančič 1979 (Art. 2b, 34)
Pseudonym: Querco-Fagctum pineto-sum M. Wraber 1955 (Art. 31), Luzulo-Fagetum carpinetosum betuli M. Wraber 1960 (Art. 2b), Luzulo-Fagetum typicum M. Wraber 1960 p. p. (Art. 2b), Luzulo-Fagetum aceretosum M. Wraber 1960 (Art. 2b), Castaneo-Fagetum Javorka, Maliga 1969 n. nud. (Art. 2b), Epimedio-Luzulo-Fagetum Marinček 1980 (Art. 5, 10).
Non: Luzulo-Fagetum Meusel 1937, Castanco-Fagetum moesiacae Glišič 1954.
Nomenclationis typus: Marinček (19S0: tabela - table 3, popis -relevé 5), neotypus hoc loco.
2.2	Castaneo-Fagetum sylvaticae var. geogr. Calamintha grandiflora (Marinček & Zupančič 1979) var. geogr. nova hoc loco.
Basionym: Querco-Luzulo-Fagatum
var. geogr. Calamintha grandiflora Marinček et Zupančič 1979 (Art. 10, 39).
Non: Luzulo-Fagetum Meusel 1937, Castaneo-Fagetum moesiacae Glišič 1954.
Nomenclationis tygus (neotypus hoc loco): Slovenija, Cuk above Rodik, 670 m nad morjem - above sea íevcl, ekspozicija - exposition: W, nagib -inclination: 20-25°, pokrovnost - covering rate: E3: 100 %, E2: 5 %, Ej: 40-50 %, E0: 0 %, datum - date: 18.6.1956, M. Wraber:
E3: Fagus sylvatica 5.1, Castanea sativa +, Quercus pctraea +.
Ej: Picea abies 1.1, Castanea sativa +, Fagus sylvatica +, Fraxinus ornus +, Junipems communis + , Quercus petraea +, Robinia pseudacacia +.
E^: Luzula albida 3.3, Iiicracium lachenalii 2.1, Avenella flexuosa 1.2 Hieracium sylvaticum 1.1, Prenanthes purpurea 1.1, Athyñum filix-femina +, Calamintha grandiflora +, Castanea sativa +, Dryopteris filix-mas +, Fragaria vesca -K Melampyrum pratense subsp. vulgatum +, Poa nemoralis +, Polypodium vulgare +, Prunus avium +, Quercus petraea H-, Solidago virgaurea +, Platanthera bifolia +fl, Scrophularia nodosa Vaccinium myrtillus Verónica latifolia
Eq: Hypnum cupressiforme +.5, Isothecium myurum +.5,
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Polytrichum formosum +.5 Atlichum undulatum +.3.
2.3	Castaneo-Fagetum sylvaticae var. geogr. Epimedium alpinum (Marinček & Zupančič 1979) var. geogr. nova hoc loco.
Syn: Epimedio-Luzulo-Fagetum Marinček 1980 (Art. 5, 10), Querco-Luzulo-Fagetum var. geogr. Epimedium alpinum Marinček & Zupančič 1979 (Art. 10, 39).
Non: Luzulo-Fagetum Mcusel 1937, Castaneo-Fagelum moesiacae Glišič 1954.
Nomenclationis typus (ncotypus hoc (oco): Marinček (1980: tabela -table 3 popis - relevé 3), neotypus hoc loco.
2.4	Castaneo~Fagetum sylvaticae var. geogr. Hieracium mlundatum (Marinček & Zupančič 1979) nom. nov. hoc loco
Syn: Qticrco-Luzulo-Fagctum var. geogr. Hicracium rotundatum Marinček & Zupančič 1979 (Art. 10, 39).
Non: Luzulo-Fagetum Meusel 1937, Castanco-Fagelum moesiacae Glišič 1954.
Nomenclationis typus (neotypus hoc loco): Slovenija, Sv. Lenart above Benedikt, 300 m nad morjem - above sea level, ekspozicija - exposition: NE, nagib - inclination: 5°> pokrovnost - covering rate: E3: 90 %, Eq: 15 %, Ej: 60 %, Eg: 5 %, datum - date: 4.5.1970, Marinček:
E3: Fagus sylvatica 4.1, Acer pseudoplatanus 1.2, Pinus sylvestris 1.2, Quercus petraea
1.1,	Prunus avium +.2, Castanea sativa +.
E2- Castanea sativa 1.1, Fagus sylvatica 1.1, Abies alba +, Carpimis betulus +, Populus trémula +, Pmnus avium +, Quercus petraea +.
Ej: Hieracium sylvaticum 2.2, Acer pseudoplatanus 1.2, Hieracium rotundatum 1.2, Luzula pilosa
1.2,	Erythronium dens-canis 1.1, Solidago virgaurea 1.1, Anemone nemorosa +, Carex dígita ta +, Chamaecytisus hiisutus +, Euphorbia dulcís +, Festuca heterophylla +, Luzula luzuloides +, Piatanthera bifolia +, Prunus avium +, Sanícula europaea +.
Eq: Dicranum scopariwn +.4, Isothecium myurum +.4, Polytrichum formosum +.4.
2.5 Luzulo-Fagetum Meusel 1937 var. geogr. Cardamine trifolio (Marincek 19S3) var. geogr. nova hoc loco.
Syn.: Luzulo albidae-Fagetum cardaminetosum trifoliae M. Wraber 1956 (Art 2b), Luzulo albidae-Fagetum festucetosum sylvaticae M. Wraber 1956 (Art 2b), Luzulo albidae-Fagetum ca lamagrostidetosum arundinaceae M. Wraber 1956 (Art 2b), Polygonato verticillati-Luzulo-Fagetum Mariniek 1983 (Art 5, 10), Luzulo-Fagetum montanum praealpinum Marincek 1974 (Art 2b, 10, 34).
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Noraenclationis typus: Marinček (1983: popis - relevé 5), holotypus hoc loco.
2.5.1	Luzulo-Fagetum Meusel 1937 var. geogr. Cardamine trifolia abieletosum (Marinček & Dakskobler 1988) subass. nova hoc loco.
Svn.; Abieti-Fagetum Bartsch 1940 austroalpinum luzulelosum albidae M. Wraber 1960 (Art.: 2b, 34), Abicti-Fagetum Bartsch 1940 calamagrostidetosum arundinaceae M. Wraber 1953 (Art.: 2b, 34), Luzulo-Fagetum abieletosum M. Wraber 1955 (Art 2b), Luzulo-Abieti-Fagctum H. Mayer 1963 praealpinum Marinček & Dakskoblcr 19S8, (Art.: 5, 10, 34, 39), Luzulo-Abieti-Fagetum praealpinum Marinček 1974, (Art.: 2b, 10, 34,).
Nomcnclationis lypus: Marinček & Dakskobler (1988: tabela - table 1, popis - relevé 25), holotypus hoc loco.
2.5.2	Luzulo-Fagetum Meusel 1937 var. geogr. Cardamine trifolia abietetosum var. Cardamine trifolia (Marinček & Dakskobler 1988) var. nova hoc loco.
Syn.: Luzulo-Abieti-Fagetum H. Mayer 1963 praealpinum typicum Marinček & Dakskobler 198S, (Art.: 5, 10, 34,).
Nomenclationis typus: Marinček & Dakskobler (1988: tabela - table 1, popis - relevé 25), holotypus hoc loco.
2.5.3 Luzulo-Fagetum Meusel 1937 var. geogr. Cardamine trifolia abietetosum var. Galium rotundifolium (Marinček & Dakskobler 1988), var. nova hoc loco.
Syn.: Abieti-Fagetum Bartsch 1940 austroalpinum luzuletosum albidae M. Wraber 1960 p. p. (Art.: 2b, 34), Abieti-Fagetum Bartsch 1940 austroalpinum festucetosum sylvaticae M. Wraber 1960 (Art.: 2b, 34), Luzulo-Abieti-Fagetum H. Mayer 1963 praealpinum galietosum rotundifolii Marinček & Dakskobler 19S8, (Art.: 5, 10, 34).
Nomcnclationis typus: Marinček & Dakskobler (1988: tabela - table 2, popis - relevé 10), holotypus hoc loco.
3. Quercelalia roboriš R.-Tx. 1931
Quercion roboris-petraeae Br.-Bl. 1932
3.1 Blechno-Fagetum Ht. ex Marinček 1970
Basionyni: Blechno-Fagetum Ht. (1950) 1962 (Art.: 2b).
Syn.: Fagus sylvatica-Vaccinium myrtillus Marinček 1973 (Art.: 3c), Fagus-Pinus-Vaccinium myrtillus Marinček 1973 (Art.: 3c), Pinus-Vaccinium myrtillus Marinček 1973 (Art.: 3c).
Non: Blechno-Fagetum ibericum R.-Tx. & Oberdorfer 1958.
Nomenclationis typus: Marinček (1970: tabela - table 1, popis -
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relevé 1), holotypus hoc loco.
3.1.1	Blechno-Fagetum Ht. ex Marinček 1970 vaccinietosum mynilli subass. nova hoc loco.
Syn.: Fagus sylvatica-Vaccinium mytiiüus Marinček 1973 (Art.: 3c).
Nomenclationis typus: Marinček (1973: tabela - lable 1, popis -relevé 3), holotypus hoc loco.
3.1.2	Blechno-Fageium Ht. ex Marinček 1970 pinetosum sylvestris (Marinček 1973) subass. nova hoc loco.
Syn.: Fagus sylvatica-Vaccinium myrtillus Marinček 1973 (Art.: 3c).
Nomenclationis typus: Marinček (1973: tabela - table 2, popis -relevé 10), holotypus hoc loco.
3.1.3	Blechno-Fagetum Ht. ex Marinček 1970 quercetosum petraeae (Marinček 1973) subass. nova hoc loco.
Syn.: Quercus petraca-Vaccinium myrtillus Marinček 1973 (Art.: 3c).
Nomenclationis typus: Marinček (1973: tabela - table 3, popis -relevé 3), holotypus hoc loco.
3.2 Leucobiyo-Quercetum petraeae (Marinček 1973) ass. nova hoc loco.
Basionym: Quercus petraea-Vaccinium myrtillus p. p. Marinček 1973 (Art.: 3c).
Syn.: Quercus petraca-Vaccinium myrtillus Marinček 1973 p. p. (Art.: 3c), Quercus-Pinus-Vaccinium myrtillus Marinček 1973 (Art.: 3c).
Nomenclationis typus: Marinček (1973: tabela - table 3, popis -relevé 5), holotypus hoc loco.
3.2.1 Leucobtyo-Quercetum petraeae var. geogr. Castanea sativa (Marinček 1973) var. geogr. nova hoc loco.
Syn.: Castanea sativa-Vaccinium myrtillus Marinček 1973 (Art.: 3c). Castanea-Pinus-Vaccin ium myrtillus Marinček 1973 (Art.: 3c).
Nomenclationis typus: Marinček (1973: tabela - table 3, popis -relevé 10), holotypus hoc loco.
3.3 Calluno-Ouercetum petraeae (Marinček 1973) nom. nov. hoc loco.
Basionym: Quercus petraea-Calluna vulgaris Marinček 1973 (Art.: 3c).
Syn.: Quercus-Pinus-Calhma vulgaiis Marinček 1973 (Art.: 3c).
Nomenclationis typus: Marinček (1973: tabela - table 5, popis -relevé 5), holotypus hoc loco.
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