91 Carex × takhtadjanii (Carex diluta × C. distans; Cyperaceae), a new hybrid for the flora of Ukraine Abstract There are 96 species of the genus Carex (Cyperaceae) known in the flora of Ukraine, but so far there are no data about its hybrids for the country yet. However, the first one, C. × takhtadjanii [C. diluta × C. distans], was discovered in Starobilsk town (Luhansk region) during a field investigation in 2021. Detailed information about this floristic finding with the description of morphological characters of this hybrid and its habitat is given. Also a map with known locations of C. × takhtadjanii around the world is compiled, as well as the main morphological differences between this hybrid and its parental species are reported. Iz vleček V flora Ukrajine je dosedaj znanih šestindevetdeset vrst rodu Carex (Cyperaceae), vendar ni nobenih znanih podatkov o njihovih križancih. Med terenskimi raziskavami leta 2021 smo v mestu Starobilsk (regija Lugansk) odkrili prvega, C. × takhtadjanii [C. diluta × C. distans]. V članku smo podali natančne informacije o tej najdbi z opisom morfoloških znakov tega križanca in opisom rastišča. Naredili smo zemljevid znanih nahajlišč C. × takhtadjanii v svetu in prikazali glavne morfološke razlike med križancem in obema starševskima vrstama. Key words: checklist, Starobilsk, Luhansk region, parental species, sedge, vascular plants. Ključne besede: seznam, Starobilsk, regija Lugansk, starševska vrsta, šaš, cevnice. Corresponding author: Mykyta Peregrym E-mail:  mykyta.peregrym@gmail.com, peregrym@ua.fm Received: 1. 5. 2022 Accepted: 18. 7. 2022 1 Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Myrhorod, Poltava region, 37600, Ukraine 2 Matej Bel University in Banská Bystrica, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia 3 Choszczno, Poland Mykyta Peregrym1 , 2  & Jacob Koopman3  DOI: 10.2478/hacq-2022-0011 22/1 • 2023, 91–96 22/1 • 2023, 91–96 92 Mykyta Peregrym & Jacob Koopman Carex × takhtadjanii a new hybrid for the flora of Ukraine Introduction The vascular plants in Ukraine have been explored rather well; there is a nomenclatural checklist of its flora available (Mosyakin & Fedoronchuk, 1999). Nonetheless, informa- tion about new species and hybrids within the country ap- pears from time to time. Some of them have an alien origin, which have recently appeared in the country (Olshanskyi & Orlov, 2013; Orlov & Iakushenko, 2013; Novák & Zukal, 2018; Orlov et al., 2019), other ones are native, but pre- viously undetected or overlooked (Peregrym & Kuzemko, 2010; Bezsmertna, 2011; Bezsmertna et al., 2012; Peregrym et al., 2013; Ryff, 2013; Moysiyenko et al., 2021). The ge- nus Carex L. (Cyperaceae) is no exception in this context, because several new sedges have been found in Ukraine during the last decades (Gynda & Danylyk, 1994; Dany- lyk, 1995; Danylyk & Panchenko, 2001). According to the latest published data, the genus Carex is represented in the Ukrainian flora by 96 species (Danylyk & Olshanskyi, 2021), out of 235 known ones within Europe (Koopman, 2022). However, there has never been given any informa- tion about the presence and distribution of hybrids of this genus for the flora of Ukraine, though Koopman (2022) mentioned 295 Carex hybrids for Europe. Moreover, Carex hybrids are known from all neighbouring countries of Ukraine, except Moldova, namely: Poland (Ceynowa- Gieldon, 1993; Więcław, 2014; Więcław & Wilhelm, 2014 Kobierski et al., 2018; Koopman et al., 2019), Slo- vakia (Dostál, 1989; Dostál & Červenka, 1992; Bernátová, 2008; Jiménez-Mejías et al., 2014; Więcław, 2014; Koop- man, van Beusekom, et al., 2021), Hungary (Koopman, 2022), Romania (Więcław, 2014; Koopman, 2022), Russia (Egorova, 1999; Jiménez-Mejías et al., 2014; Elven et al., 2017; Koopman, Więcław, et al., 2021; Koopman, 2022) and Belarus (Dubovik et al., 2012, 2017). Therefore, it is easy to assume that such discoveries of Carex hybrids are only a matter of time for the territory of Ukraine. Thus, the main aim of this paper is to describe the first finding of Carex × takhtadjanii Jac. Koopman & Więcław [C. diluta M. Bieb. × C. distans L.], discovered in Staro- bilsk town (Luhansk region) during a field investigation in 2021. Also, we are going to discuss the current range of this hybrid, as well as its morphological difference from parent species. So far, there are no hybrids known from C. diluta, apart from the mentioned one, but of C. distans there are known another ten hybrids, with: C.  demissa Hornem. [C. × gogelana Podb.], C. extensa Gooden. [C. × tornabenei Chiov.], C. flava L. [C. × luteola (Rchb.) Sendtn.], C. hirta L., C. hostiana DC. [C. × muelleriana F .W.Schultz], C. epi­ docarpa Tausch [C. × binderi Podb.], C. mairei Coss. & Germ. [C. × costei Rouy.], C. oederi Retz., C. riparia Curtis [C. ×loretii Rouy.], C. tomentosa L. (Koopman 2022). Material and methods The first author of this communication found a sedge with morphological characters close to Carex distans on a small plot of wet meadows (Lat: 49.280051°, Lon: 38.927307°) in the River Aidar valley within Starobilsk town (Luhansk region, Ukraine) on June 13, 2021. However, their un- typical, yellow-green utricles as well as their shape raised doubts for its definitive identification. According to the second author these plants might be the hybrid of C. dilu­ ta × C. distans, known so far from Russia and Armenia, which has recently got its own name, C. × takhtadjanii (Koopman et al., 2021). The final checking of all mor- phological features and its identification by comparing the material with hybrid material collected in Armenia reveals that it concerns indeed the hybrid C. × takhtad­ janii. Duplicates of C.  ×  takhtadjanii are kept in ERE (Herbarium of the Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Armenia). The collected material of C. × takhtadjanii is kept at the second author’s private herbarium. Duplicates are in LNU (Herbarium of the Luhansk Taras Shevchenko Na- tional University). The nomenclature of the genus Carex is according to Koopman (2022), the names of other species according to The Euro+Med PlantBase (https://www.emplantbase.org). The map of currently known locations of C. × takhta­ djanii (Figure 1) was produced by available tools at the website "Simplemappr” (https://www.simplemappr.net). Results and discussion The very first information about possible hybridisation between Carex distans and C. diluta was reported by Ego- rova (1976). After the characteristics of C. distans and its subspecies (C. distans subsp. distans and C. distans subsp. aspratilis (V.I.Krecz.) T.V.Egorova), she wrote: “Often forms sterile hybrids with C. diluta”. The second mention of C. diluta × distans is in Volume 9 of the “Flora of T urkey and the East Aegean islands” (Nilsson, 1985). There are data about eight known locations of the hybrid, specified as follows: “In E. Anatolia, within the area of C. diluta, introgression to C. distans seems to occur. Morphological intermediates are met with and the limits between the two species are diffuse”. The presumed presence of this hybrid within the boundaries of Siberia was discussed by Maly- shev (1990), who wrote without any accurate specifica- tion of its localities: “C. diluta is very close to C. distans subsp. aspratilis (V. Krecz.) Egor., it hardly differs from it in Southern Siberia, forming intermediate forms. It is possible that in this case convergence is manifested based on introgressive hybridisation”. Later, Koopman (2011) 22/1 • 2023, 91–96 93 Mykyta Peregrym & Jacob Koopman Carex × takhtadjanii a new hybrid for the flora of Ukraine mentioned this hybrid for Russia and Asia, thus for the first time presented its distribution, with a remark that it seems that these plants are often overlooked. Soon after, the hybrid C. diluta × C. distans was found new for Ar- menia, and its morphological characters (sterile utricles; its colour was strikingly yellowish-green, whereas C. diluta is more bluish-green and C. distans brownish-green) were mentioned for the first time (Koopman et al., 2016). One year later, another location of this hybrid was discovered in Armenia (Koopman et al., 2017). Finally, because the hybrid C. diluta × C. distans did not have a binomial name yet, the name C. × takhtadjanii Jac. Koopman & Więcław has been provided for it with all relevant information (morphological description, the selected type, flowering time, habitat, its global distribution, distribution in Arme- nia and etymology) as a result of the revision of the genus Carex in Armenia (Koopman et al., 2021). Thus, after our finding of C. × takhtadjanii in Luhansk region (Ukraine), this hybrid is known for certain with- in four countries in Europe and Asia (Turkey, Armenia, Ukraine and Russia), though data have not been pub- lished about its accurate locations in the Russian Federa- tion yet. All present known locations of C. × takhtadjanii are shown in Figure 1. Nevertheless, we guess that the Morphological character C. diluta C. × takhtadjanii C. distans Colour of leaves glaucous yellowish-green dull or greyish-green Lowest leaf sheaths greyish-brown brown mid to dark brown Male spike solitary, 1-2 (3) cm, often with a few female flowers at base solitary, 2.5–3 cm usually solitary, 1.5-5.5 cm Male glumes pale brown light brown with wide scarious margin (light) brown or pale ferruginous Female spikes 3–4 (5), (0.5) 0.8–2.5 (3) cm × (4) 5–8 mm, ovoid to shortly cylindrical, from erect to slightly drooping, lower with peduncles to 3.5 cm 3–5 (7), 2.5–3 cm × 3–4 mm, erect, shortly stalked, the lowest spike with 3–4 cm long peduncle 2–3 (4), oblong-cylindrical, brown, (0.8) 1.2–2.8 (3.2) cm × 2–2.5 mm, erect, all usually distant, lower pedunculate to 4 cm Lowest bract as long as or somewhat longer (no more than 1.5 times) than the inflorescence longer than the lowest spike, shorter than the inflorescence longer than the lowest spike but shorter than the inflorescence Female glumes 2–3 × 1–1.2 mm, ovoid to shortly cylindrical, light or pale brown 2–2.5 × 1.5–2 mm, shorter than the utricles, light brown with broad lighter midrib, ending in short mucronate and serrulate apex 2.5–3.5 × 1.5–2 mm, ovate, obtuse to acute, usually mucronate, pale mid-green to red-brown, with greenish mid-vein Utricles full, pale yellowish- to greyish-green, 2.9–4 mm, rather gradually tapering into emarginate or shallowly bifid, often smooth beak empty, i.e. completely sterile; dull greyish-green with purple spots, veined, 1.8–2.8 mm, with short beak, beak teeth minutely serrulate inside full, pale greenish-brown or sometimes yellowish- brown or dark reddish-brown, often purplish spotted, broadly avoid, (2.2) 3.5–4.6 mm, ascending, rather dull, distinctly veined, abruptly tapering into an often scabrid, shortly to deeply bifid beak to 1 mm Figure 1: Currently known locations of C. × takhtadjanii («●»). Slika 1: T renutno znane lokacije C. × takhtadjanii («●»). range of C. × takhtadjanii is wider, and it, most likely, oc- curs in the whole area where both natural ranges of C. dis­ tans and C. diluta are overlapping, whereas C. distans has Table 1: Morphological characters of C. × takhtadjanii, compared with those of C. distans and C. diluta (according to Nilsson, 1985; Egorova, 1999; Koopman et al., 2021); in bold are the diagnostic characters. Tabela 1: Morfološki znaki C. × takhtadjanii, v primerjavi z C. distans in C. diluta (v skladu z Nilsson, 1985; Egorova, 1999; Koopman et al., 2021); s krepkim tiskom so izpostavljeni značilni znki. 22/1 • 2023, 91–96 94 Mykyta Peregrym & Jacob Koopman Carex × takhtadjanii a new hybrid for the flora of Ukraine a much wider range than C. diluta, so, the distribution range of C. diluta is the limiting factor. We pay attention only to the most important characters for distinguishing C. × takhtadjanii from its parental spe- cies C. distans and C. diluta (Table 1). Figure 2 shows ma- terial of C. × takhtadjanii from the new locality in Ukraine. The common characteristics of the plot on wet saline meadows in Starobilsk town where this hybrid grows has already been published (Peregrym et al., 2021), how- ever without the specification of the plant community with C. × takhtadjanii. According to Dziuba (2019), it belongs to the association of Bolboschoenetum maritimi Eggler 1933, Scirpion maritimi Dahl et Hadač 1941, Bolboschoenetalia maritimi Hejný in Holub et al. 1967, Bolboschoenetea maritimi Vicherek et Tx. in Tx. et Hül- busch 1971. The cover of this community is about 100%, Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla is the dominant species with 90–95% of its projective cover. Here was also noted Eleocharis uniglumis (Link) Schult. (3%), Epilobium hir­ sutum L. (3%), Humulus lupulus L. (1%), Carex × takht­ adjanii (1%), C. diluta (+), Geranium collinum Stephan ex Willd. (+), Inula helenium L. (+), Plantago cornutii Gouan (+), Potentilla anserina L. (+), Ranunculus repens L. (+), and Anacamptis palustris (Jacq.) R. M. Bateman, Pridgeon & M. W. Chase (+). The structure of this community is similar to those in Armenia where Carex × takhtadjanii Figure 2: Carex × takhtadjanii in Starobilsk, Luhansk region (Ukraine). Slika 2: TCarex × takhtadjanii v mestu Starobilsk, regija Lugansk (Ukrajina). was noted along small streams and rivulets, often together with (one of) the parents (Koopman et al., 2017; Koop- man et al., 2021). Unfortunately, no detailed informa- tion about the hybrid’s habitat in other regions could be found. Conclusions The hybrid Carex × takhtadjanii has been found for the first time in the flora of Ukraine. Moreover, it is the first confirmed discovery of a Carex hybrid within Ukraine. It is confirmed that C. × takhtadjanii is known for the territories of Turkey, Armenia, Ukraine and Russia now, though its natural range is, most likely, wider, and it pre- sumably occurs in all areas where the natural ranges of C. distans and C. diluta are overlapping. It seems that the hybrid is easily generated, where both parental species co- occur(red). Funding The authors declare that no funds and grants were re- ceived during the preparation of this manuscript, but the first author got a scholarship within the National Schol- arship Programme of the Slovak Republic that allowed finishing this study. 22/1 • 2023, 91–96 95 Mykyta Peregrym & Jacob Koopman Carex × takhtadjanii a new hybrid for the flora of Ukraine Mykyta Peregrym  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5989-4406 Jacob Koopman  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8235-1108 References Bernátová, D. (2008). Carex × involuta and Carex juncella in the flora of Slovakia. 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