3AEHK0 J. AJbAHHMTn 'BEHEPAJIUITABHM MAJOP bojna rrarPAMj# IV. K HAIFA KPAJbEBMHA CPBA, XPBATA Id CJIOBEHALJA (CA 1 CKHUOM) ■BEOrPAA, 1922 UITAMnAPHJA „Byfly'RHOCT“ - ABOPCKA yjIMUA 17 n0J10>KAJ, 0BJ1MK M BEJ1MHMHA. Ilocjie HeTHpHCToroAHUitter TypcKor ponciBa h KpBaBor ocMoro,n,nmH>er paTa y KOMe cy HajcjajHHjHM ycnecniwa h noBe- kSH>y ApjKaBHe TepHTopuje cjiepoBajia HajBeha nponacT h HajTewa CTpapaiBa, ycnejia je Maaa Cpdnja pa Ha pymeBHHaMa CTape aycTpo-yrapcKe MOHapxnje ocTBapn bckobhh caH yjepHBbeH>a cbhx jywHHX CaoBeHa y jepny ppwaBy. OaHTOM o KOMe cy HajcMejiHja popojbydn jepBa caH>aan, nociao je CTBapHOCT, a jy>KHH C/ioBeHH Kojw cy y npomaocTH >KHBean Ha pBaHaecT pa3HHx ynpaBHHX TepiiTopHja, pasABojeHH no npocTopy h rpaHupawa, yjepHHHjiH cy ce y ppacaBy Cpda, XpBaTa h CaoBeHapa. MBpcTa, rB03AeHa BOJta, yriopHa Tewfta 3a cjiodopoM, jaxa jbySaB npeiua CBOMe popy, BeaHKO noy3patt>e y CBojy caary, no- u’TeHO AeMOKpaTCKO MMtiuiehbe, Koje HHje Tpneao ancoayTH3aM HwjeAHor Bjiapaopa h HnjepHe Kaace, dmie cy BpjiHHe Koje, ynpKoc CBHMa HHTpHraMa h H3pajcTBHMa, CTBopHuie Hoey cPay Ha Baa- K3Hy, npaBy cmiy y ckohomckom h hojihthhkom noraepy, xoja he HMaiH CBojy Ba>KHy yaory y >KHBOTy EBpone. Kpaa>eBHHa Cpda, XpBaia h CaoBeHapa 3axBaia, y ceBepo- sariapHOM peay BaaKaHcxor noayocTpBa, npocTop op npiuiHKe H3Meijy Mype, /jpaBe, cpepHber flyHaBa, THMOKa, daceHa CTpyjwe, Hii'ie (Hnye) naaHHHe, OxpHpcKor a IlpecnaHCKor Je3epa, daceHa /jpuMa, JappaHCKOr Mopa, JyjinjcKnx Aana h KapaBaHaKa. Ona ce npocrape po 46°52’ ceBepae 3eMJbonncHe uinpHHe (IlpeKOMypje) h ao 40°51’ (jy>KHO op EHToa>a). HajHCTOHHHja Tanna aewii koa FlexaeBa Ha iwepnpHjaHy 23°9’ hctohho op PpnntiHa (20°47’ hctohho op IlapH3a) a Haj3anapHHja Ha PaTeHKOM pa3- Botjy 3anapH0 op KpaH>CKe Tope Ha 13°42’ hctohho op rpHinina {10°31’ hctohho op riapH3a). BpeMeHCKa pa3aHKa na.ueljy xpajaer HcxoKa h Kpajtter sanapa i-ibhoch h6kmx 36 mhhyth. 4 no CBOAie cnojtfteM odjiHKy Mowe ce KpajbeBHHa Cp6a‘" XpBaTa h OioBeHapa cpaBHHTH ca TpoyraoHHKOM, KOMe cy oace- neHH yraoBH, nm ca ayry^acTOM e.TMncoM, mija je najBeha ay- )KHHa y npaspy c.-3. —j.-n. 950 km, a HajBefca ninpnHa Ha ;ihhh] - h C ydoTHpa — /JydpoBHHK 430 km. MecTO Koje je oa cbhx rpa- iinpa HajBHUie yaajbeHO, Te TaKo npeaciaBJha HeKy reoMeTpacKy cpeaHHy pejie 3eMjbe, jecie CpedpHHpa y ncTOHHoj Bochh. KpajbeBHHa Cpda, XpBaTa h CnoBeHapa 3axBaTa noBpmmn; oa 247.962 km 2 , Ha Kojoj >khbh 11,729.915 CTanoBHUKa. rPAHMUE KPAJbEBMHE CPBA, XPBATA M CJ10BEHAUA. /l,p>KaBHe rpaHHpe cy KonHeHe h MopcKe. fly>KMKa KonHeHHX rpaaapa h3hoch oa npHJiHKe 3-000 km oa xojux HAe 87 - 5% y ruiaHHHaMa a caMO 12-5% y paBHHpaMa. J\ y>KHHa MopcKe odaae oa yiuha PenwHe ao yuiha BojaHe h3hoch ca CBHMa 3ajiHBHMa h 3aTOHiiMa 1.570 km, aok ^y>KHHa odajia cbhx Haiunx ocTpBa M3HOCH 3.440 KM. KpajbeBHHa Cpda, XpBaTa h CjiOBeaapa rpaaMHH ce Ha ce- Bepy AycTpHjoM u MaljapcxoM, Ha HCTOKy PyMyHHjoM h Byrap- ckom, Ha jyrv Tphkom a Ha 3anafly AjidamijoM, PujeaKOM flpwaBOM h MrajiHjoM. FIpeMa AycTpHjH h rpaHHpa oa TpoMe^e AycTpHje, I4Ta- .wje h Hame OTapdHHe Ha Bpxy fleiiH (1511 m) rjiaBHHM rpedeHOM KapaBaHKH npeKO noTKopeHCKor Ce^Jia (1071 m), Kene (2144 m), CTOJia (2236 m), JByde;ha (1366 m), KouiyTHHKOBor TypeHa (2135 m), Je3epcKor Bpxa (1216 m) h BejiHKor Bpxa (1626 m) ao Bpxa Flepe (2114 m), oAaBAe 3anaflHOM BOAOAeAHHpoM Me- >KHpe ao CrpojHe (1054 m), npeaa.sH n3Hafl /)on>er /(paBorpa^a J(paBy h neH>e ce Ha KouueH>aK (1522 m) y jy>KHOM Aeny Tojiape. OAaBAe npeJia3H rpaHHpa BiiCTpHpy, neite ce Ha rjiaBHM rpedeH Ko3jaKa, npejia3H H3Met>y Cb. Jypaja (CXC) h JlynaHa (Aycip.) npexo CaoBencKHX ropHpa h cnymTa ce koa UJnHJba ao Mype. Obom peKOM boah HH3B0AH0 ao ymfca KyheHHpe KojoM HAe ys- boaho h AaJte y ceBepHOM npaBpy ao xpoMeije AyCTpuje, Ma- ^apcxe h KpajbeBHHe Cpda, XpBaTa h OiOBeHapa, xoja ce naaa3H Ha BOAOAejiHHpH M3Meljy Mype h Pade mctohho oa aycTpHjcKe daite rpajxeHdepr. llpeMa MaijapcKOj HAe rpaHHpa oa OBe xpoMetje y j.-H. npaBuy, xaKO a& Popita h ^OH>a JleHAaBa npunaAajy Hauioj Oxap- 6 6hhh, npara tok Mype r o a,eHor yiufea a borh Raa>e CTapHM ko- Phtom J\pase ro Softer Maxoa,qa. Obrc ocTaBJta rpaHaqa flpaey a borh y c.-a. npaBpy a cesepHO or MoHomTopa ro /(yHaBa, Kojn npeaa3H jywno or Moxaaa a ceBepHO or BesRaHa. ORaBRe MRe rpaHaqa jy)KH0 or Eepera, ceBepHO or Paljaqe, jy>KHO or KaTyMapa a EaaMaRapama a ceBepHO or CydoTaqe. Tacy ce*?e hctohho or Xoprouia a HRe RaJbe y mctohhom npaBqy ro xpoMetje Maijapcxe, PyMyHaje a KpajteBHHe Cpda, XpBaTa a CroBeHaqa jywHO or MaKO-a. IlpeMa PyMyHujH HRe rpaHaqa or noMeHyTe Tpoweije y j.-a. npaeqy Kpo3 BaHaT, TaKO Ra ociaBJba BeceHOBy PyMyaaja, Mokphh, Bejiaxy KaKHHRy, I,IoMdojb a Cpncxa MTedej ! ) Kpajte- bhhh Cpda, XpBaTa a CaoBeHaqa, Morohj PyMyHaja, TyRypapy 2 ) KpaAeBHHa CXC, AjiwoBapafh PyMyHaja a Beay LJpKBy Kpaa>e- bhhh CXC. Jy>KHO or Beae U,pieBHHe CXC. ripeMa EyrapcKoj ape rpaaaqa Thmokom y3B0RH0 ro Bpe- roBa, 3aTHM BORORejiHaqoAi H3Metjy Ti-iMOKa a TonojioBaqe ro hctohho or Sajeaapa a Raa>e raaBHHM rpedeHOM 3anaRHor Baa- KaHa opexo BpaiKe Myxe (739 m), EadaHor Hoca (1150 m) a Mayopa (2186 m) ro Myaadade (2010 m). ORaBRe cnpefee npesia j.-3., npeaa3H BaRaafe ropy a cnyuna ce y RoaaHy HarnaBe, Ko|y npeaa30 y3BORHO or L(apadpoRa. Kor Bpanae ceae rpaHaqa Cy- KOBCKy pexy a nea>e ce 3aTHM Ha Pyj naaaaHy (1707 m), aajaM rpedeHOM borh ro jeRHe Taaxe 3anaRHO or /(euiaaHor KaaReHqa. Obrc rpaHaqa cxpehe npeMa jyry a borh hctohhom BORORea- HaqoM BowHaKe pexe, Taxo Ra EocajbrpaR npanaRa Haaioj Oxay- 6hhh. Jy>KHo or Bocaa>rpaRa nea>e ce rpaHaqa Ha BoqoRejiHaqy H3Meijy BapRapa a CTpyMe a HRe rpedeHOM OcoroBa, 3Baropa a Maaeuia. IIouito je npeceKaa OrpawReH, cnyruTa ce y Romany CTpyMaqe, Kojy npeaa3a hctohho or jeHaaeja a neitece aa Be- jiacaqy, rRe ce Ha Bpxy TyMda Haaa3H TpoMelja ByrapcKe, rpaxe a Kpaa>eBHHe Cpda, XpBaTa a CaoBeaaqa. IlpeMa FpHKoj HRe rpaaaqa or noMeHyTe TpoAieije rpedeHOM Eejiacaqe ro jeRHe Taane ceBepHO or /(ojpaHCKor Je3epa, caymra. ce y /jojpaacKy KOTaany, y Kojoj ceae je3epo hctof HMena o:ia- 0 Felso Ittebe. — 2 ) Temeskutas. 7 BJbajyim Bapoimmy A°JP aH Hauioj seMJtH, npeaa3H BapAapcxy AOjiHHy jywHo ofl ToeBijejnije h nenbe ce Ha MapHjaHcxe nnaHHHe- ^aa>e Hfle rpaHHpa rpedeHOM obhx njiaHHHa npexo Ko3jaxa Ha rpedeH Hune naaHHHe h cnyuiTa ce npeKO CTapKOBor rpoda y IlejiaroHHjy, Kojy npojia3H H3Meijy EHTOJba h JlepHHa. rpaHiipa npeaa3H Eada njiasniHy, ToaeMy Ilpecny n 3aBpuiaBa ce Ha Tpo- MeijH rpnxe, AadaHHje h KpaJteBHHe Cpda, XpBaTa a CjioBeHapa jywHO Ofl OpxHACKor je3epa. npeMa AJidamijH je rpanHpa OApeijena caMO y rjiaBHHM nore3HMa. ]\ok ce koh3hho He yTBpAH, odpa30BaHa je neyipa/iHa 30Ha, y iKHO oa $edpa ao 14 pHor CeBepHO oa A e ^P a nen>e ce oBa w- HHja Ha /JemaT a boah H>eroBHM n KopadoBHM rpedeHOM Ha Ba- dauiHHpy h Kophthhk. HeAajieKO oa Mopime rpaHHpa npejia3H BeJiH 1\ p»M h neite ce na naniTpHK, OAax;ie HAe npexo npeaa3a Tiatjm ripyuiHT Ha CxHJi3eH. OAaBAe rpaHupa npara rnaBHH rpedeH IlpoKaeTHja, CKpehe c.-3. oa rijiaBcxor Baaia npeMa ceBepy ao- AeayjyhH AadaHHjH H3BopHH Aeo BepMouie h Bpafca ce ca orpaHKa KoMOBa jyro3anaAy 0CTaBa>ajyfeH AjidaHHjH h3bophh Aeo H,HjeBHe. fpaHHua cene CKaAapcKO je3epo, nponaan 3anaAHO oa Tapadoma n npara hh3boaho oa Benaja tok BojaHe ao H>eHor yuifea y JaApaHCKO Mope. TpaHHpa npeMa HTajinjn noHHfte CTBapHo Befr koa ymha BojaHe, nouiTO HaM je Mianaja c OHe CTpaHe Mopa Hajd/noxa n noniTO OHa nopeA 3aApa AP*« joui h Hexa octpbh xoja reo- rpa^CKH h eTHorpa^CKH npnnaAajy nauiHM 3eMJbaMa; to cy Jla- CTOBO 3 ), JIOUIHfe 4 ) H U,pec 5 ) Ca OdaH>KHHM OCTpBLpIMa H CTeHaMa. KonHeHa rpaHupa npeMa HxaJiHjH noHrnte Tex koa KacTaBa, jep ce y c.-h. Aeay KBapHepcxor npHMopja najia3n PHjenxa /jpjxaBa, xoja je npeMa KpajteBHHH Cpda, XpBaTa h CaoBeHapa OHBHneHa obom rpaHHpoM: PenHHa oa ynrha ao KOTe 275 h OAaBAe jik- HHja y j.*3. npaBpy xa cejiy Xocth a najbe y 3. npaBpy ao To- Me™ha jy>KHo oa KacTaBa. TpaHHpa npeMa HranHjH HAe oa TpoMe^e koa KacTaBa npexo TpcTeHHxa (1243 m), hctohho oa CHOKHHxa (1796 m), npexo flnene Pope (1067 m) h Bane Tope (1238 m), 3anaAHO 3 j Lagosta. — *) Lussin. — 5 ) Cherso. 8 on U,npKHHLUKor Je3epa u IljiaHUHe, 3ananHO on XoTenpmHpe, mctohho on Mnpuje, npeKo LJepKHaHCKor cenJia (814 m), Baerama (1562 m), nope3eHa (1632 m), rieTpoBor Bpna (804 m), Mownpa (1002 m), JlaHLueBupe (2003 m), TpHraaBa (2863 m), Pa3opa (2601 m), MojcTpoBKe (1611 m) h JanoBpa (2643 m), t. j. rjiaB- hum rpeSeHOM hctomhot nena JyjiHCKHx Aana n on U,epKHaHCKor cenna BononeaHHpoM H3Meljy Case u Cone. Ca JaaoBpa cnyuiTa ce rpaHHpa y PaTeaKO pa3Bolje a neH>e ce Ha rnaBHH rpedeH Ka- paiiaiiKH Ha KOMe ce Ha Bpxy Fletn (1511 m) Haaa3H TpoMelja 14'rajiHje, AycTpHje a KpajteBHHe Cp6a, XpeaTa h CaoBeHapa. /(a BHnuMO Koje cy on rpaHHpa KpajteBHHe Cp6a, XpBaTa h CaoBeHapa npHponHe, Koje eTHorpatjjCKe a Koje BeruTaaKe. Obo nuTahbe pa3MaTpa no3Hara reorpacf) r. Jobbh I^BHjrrk oBaKo. 6 ) npapope cy rpaHHpe norjiaBHTO naaHMHe, peKe ii Mopa, npenpeKe Koje Mory nodpo pa3nBojnTH nee np>«aBe. npnponHe rpaHHpe He penajy BejiHKe reorpacjjcKe h eKOHOMCKe peaHHe h He Bone tojihko paayHa o eTHorpacjjcKOM npunpHny. Haaejio iipn- ponawx rpaHHpa HMa, Ha npBOM MecTy, y Biiny parao CTatte, cipa- TeriijcKe MOMeHTe, CTpaTerajcKy rpaHupy. Pa3yMe ce, na Heiwa HecaBJianJBHBHx h He 3 ay 3 HMJbHBnx rpaHHpa, ajin ce c pa3JioroM np>KH 3a Bpao noTpedHO na nee npw:aBe 6yny jenaa on npyre Tano orpaHHneHe na ce Mory Spammi. A,™ h 3a mhpho ji,o6a cy npn- ponHe rpaHHpe noBOJbHe, jep ce MetjynaponHH caoSpahaj Monce cacpepHTH Ha onpeljeHHM TaaKaMa: Ha npeBojHMa ryna npeJia3e nyTeBH, y KJincypaMa Koje npocepajy njiaHHHe, Ha rihpokhm n hhckhm noBHjaMa, Ha npejia3HMa npeKO peKa h t. n- Taxo orpa- HHneHH, najy xe KOHTpojiHcaTii h caodpafeaj jihhhocth h npeHoc pooe, a KpHjyMaapeite h npejia3 newejbeHHx JiHpa Mowe ce Haj- jiaioue cnpeaHTH. Et Horpa(J)CKe cy rpaHHpe OHe Koje neJie jenaH Hapon on npyrora. OHe Hircy yBex npHponHe; HanpoTHB, aecro cy napon- hocth Ha nepHKa npenpeie, 9 Hama rpaHHqa npeMa AyCTpajH je, HajBekHM flejioM, npn- poflaa, HapcHHTO y aejiy jynoio oa AP aBe - TpedeH KapaBaHxn kojhm OBAe boah rpaHHqa, ca BpxoBHMa npexo 2000 m bhcokmm, npeAdaBJba orpoMaH sha npexo Kora H3 Kopymxe y Kpamcxy, u oOparao, BOAe caMO Aea a to Bpjio CTpMa xoncxa nyTa, npexo Jbyoejbii a npexo Je3epcxor. Cesepno oa AP aBe je rpamiqa BehnM Ae^OM Taxoije npnpoAHa, am cy njiamiHCKH Beaqn hhckh a necTO ncnpeceqann ETHOrpacjiCKH npiinqisn obom rpaHHqoM, napoHUTO OAcexoM Ha KapaBaHxaMa, Hiije 3aA0B0jbeH, jep rparnsqa ociaB^a v Kopymxoj oxo 100 000 OioBeHaqa AycTpnjH. Osaj 6a 6poj 6no MaHni qa je rpaHiiqa OApeijeHa qy>K AP aBe > K °j a J e > y obom CBOMe qejiy xao 6yjHa pexa, H3Bpcna npupoqHa rpannqa. Tpaanua npeMa MaijapCKoj je BeuiTanxa, ceM y qeay rAe npa™ tok Apaee. Ho, AP aBa j e seoMa Jioma rpamiqa, jep ce meae o(5a,apcxa je rpautiqa Bnuie hjih Mame eTHorpaiJjcxa, ajin Bajtajio .je npHaaroAHTH je Bnuie bhchhckom oCkinxy, iuto je 6ano Moryke HapoHHTO y Bauxoj. CeBepno oa CyOoTiqe Mowe ce HakH Bpjio AoOpa, totobo npnpoAHa, rpamiqa. OBAe HMa SffojBa oa Ayna, Be- jihkhx OeqeMa ixuBora necxa, xojn je rAerpe Besan a yuepuikea BereTannjoM a rperAe join y noxpeTy. Te Ayne cy osOnjhHa CMeTn>a xpeiamy: netuax TOHe y max ao miai-iaxa, koh> ce jeqBa Mime a naTOBapeaa xojia HHxaxo. CaoOpakaj usMel^y Ma^apcxe h Hame AP*aBe Morykan je ochm ixejiesHHqoM, caMO jom qsaMa nyTeBHMa. fpaHHqa. npeMa PyMyHHjn je npapopHa y Aeay rAe je nma Aynas. Obo je najooma peuHa rpauima, Hapomno 3a parna CTama. Hpe.Aa3 je oreixaH orpoMHOM boachom MacoM Bejiuxe 6p3HHe j xoja ce ochm Tora oAJiaxyje mhothm neBpHTnjaMa hjih bptjio- 3HMa; h cpncxe a pyMyHCxe cy CTpane Bpjio crpMe. y BauaTyje npaBa BeuiTauxa rpainqa xoja cene OpAa, pexe, >xejie3miqe, ny- TeBe na h onuiTHHCxe aTape. Oua HHje hh eTHorpaifiCKa, jep ocTasjta PyMyHHjsi y AynaBcxoj KiMcypn, koa Moa ;ma a nap- -flama, AaKJie y nenocpeAHOj <5 jih3hhh rpanwqe, Hexonsixo AecerHHa XHJfcaAa Cp6a. rpaHHqa npeMa ByrapcKoj je y niaBHOM npiipoAiia; oHa upe naaHHHCKHM HeHacejBemiM BeHquMa h pa3BO^«Ma. McTHHa, nycre njiammcxe rpaHHqe oa BocHJbrpaAa ao OpyMHqe HMajyTy ae3roAy, uito je Ay>K max HajTe>Ke KOHipojiHcaTH npeaa3 xomh- Tayaja. H axo npo;ia3H npexo hhckhx nnoia, unax ce, xao npH- poAHa rpaHnqa, Mo>xe CMaTpam a Meija Ha HCTOxy oa THMOxa. 10 TpaHHuy npeMa rpMKOj MoweMo CMaTpaTH Kao npapo^ay. ©Ha ne oftroBapa eTnorpatjiCKOM npHHipny, jep ociaBJba rpnjtoj ■pHJiHHaH dpoj MaKe^oHCKHX Cpda MenieHa h CojiyHCKor noj*>a. rpaHHpa npeMa AjiOaHHjd je y rjiaBHOM flo6pa npnpoflHa FpaHHua Koja H«e HajBefcuM AenoM bhcokhm h nyCTHM nnaHHHCKHM seHpHMa. npeMa HTa^aja rpaHHpa HHje hh npnpoAHa hh eTHorpa^CKa. OHa je 3a HTajiHjy hhcto cipaTerncKa. Ha Ja^paHCKOM Mopy *aje ]/lxam]n JlacTOBO, 3aflap, Jlommb h Ljpee, 3roAHe HaBaane 6a3e h ocHOBHpe 3a axpaje npeMa HauieM npHMopjy; a KonHeaa je rpaHHpa noByneHa TaKO, cy CBe KopncTH y 0(|>aHCHBH0M h A e^aHCHBHOM norjieAy Ha CTpaHH Hiaanje, Koja je 3 ay 3 e.ua Hajno- sojbHHje n0H0>Kaje. BMCMHCKH 0BJ1MK H nPM.POflHEOBJIACTM KPAJbEBMHE CPBA,XPBATA M CJIOBEHAUA y b o a npe Hero luto npeijeMo Ha AeTajbHO npoyuaBafhe Ha me OTay6HHe y BojHO-reorpa({)CKOM nonieAy, kophcho fee £>hth a& yTBpflHMo: Ha Kojn HaHHH ocodnue aeMJtHuiTa yrnay Ha Boijefte BojcKe y paiy. McTopHja Kawe, Aa cy h3bcchh KpajeBH 6 hjih Bojumxa Menifee ho ApyrH. Miaa, AaKJie, cxauHHX yspoxa kojh onepapajaMa pajy HOTpeSaH npaBap. Obh yspopa HMajy CBoj H3Bop noHajBame y BHCHHCKOM OOJUIKy 3eMJbHIHXa, LUTO fee Ce yBHACTH, aKO ce yTBpAH yxapaj 3eMJbHmTa h tberoBax ocodaHa Ha BO^eae Bojcne y paxy. — Bojcna ce xpefee, CTaHyje, CHadAeBa a 6 opa. Kpexarbe. BojcKa ce Kpefee >xejie3HapoM, ayTOModauaMa am nemKe no cyBHM nyTeBHMa. Benaxa >xeiie3Ha nyxeBa a rjiaBHH ApyMOBH BOAe oShhho Ha npaBpaMa, na xojajwa je bhchhckh odnax A03bojiho h ojiaiuuao lunxoBy H3paAy (paBHape, AOJiane, Be3e H3- Me^y AOJiHua). IlpeKO Bejiaxax npapoAHax npenpexa, Koje oae- Tajy xpexaiue (naanaHe, peixaj peHTapa aa- bhch odauHo oa CTBopa 3eMJbBiuTa. rioTpedHO je AaKjie ynosnaxa ce ca bhchhckhm odnaxoM, pa 6a ce Morjiti yoHHTH npaBpn Haj- jiaxmer xpexaita. CTanoBasbe. BojcKa cxanyje bjib noA xpoBOM bjim noA uia- TopoM. CTaHOBaae noA kpobom, xo jecx xaHTOHOBaH>e, je npa- 12 bmjio. HajjiomujH KamoHMaH je 6oJbu oa Hajdo;ber Jioropa. 3a KaHTOHOBaite cy noTpedHa Hace^ena MecTa, HHjH nojiowaj 33 b;ich OA BHCHHCKOT odjlHKa. AjIH TOnOrpai{)CKH CTBOp yTHBe M Ha BpCTy HacejbeHHx MecTa. Hnje cnopeAHO pa jim Tpyna CTaHyje y 3dnjeHOM, ApyMCKOM ceay doraTe 3eMJbopaAHHHKe HH3nje hjih y pa3dnjeHOM CToaapcKOM cejiy CHpoMamHHx ruiaHHHa. Bhchhckh oOjihk, Kojn onpeAejbyje nojio>Kaj h Tun Hacejbemix MecTa, ymne AaKJie no- cpeAHO h Ha KaHTonoBaite Tpyna. 3a CTanoBafte Tpyna cy naji>e noTpedHa H3Becna cpeACTBa, y npsoMe peAy BOAa 33 thm caaMa, ApBa h t. a. CBe je to y 3aBHCHOCTH OA BHCHHCKOT OdjlHKa. Oa 3Hanaja je h kjihm 3. Ona yTwne AOAyuie Ha CBe BojHHHKe paAH>e, a;iH HbeH yrapaj je HajoceTHHjH npiuiHKOAi Ayne. CaBpeAiene BojcKe, y caAaibHM npnjiHKaMa, peTKo KaA wory >KHBeTH oa Mecmix cpeACTaBa. Camo OHe Tpyne, icoje npse CTHwy y Kojn Kpaj, Mohn he ce kophcthth arpapHHM npoH3BOAHMa. A 3eMjbopaAiba h CTonapcTBO, nax h HHAyc'rpnja, 3aBnce oa oojiHKa h npapoAe Tjia. HajBehn acjiobh BojcKe dnhe yBex ynyhenn Ha CHadAeBaite ii3 no3aAHHe He caMO MaTepnjajioM h onpeMOM aero h xpanoM. Oho ce Bpinn, cjihhho Kao h KpeTaite, noMohy KOMyHHKapnja Koj.iMa ce cay>KH h eBaKyapuja cBera ohot [uto je Bojcpn Heno- TpeoHO. CTora hito CHadAeBaine it eBaKyapnja 3axTeBajy Bnuie npaBHjmocT no dp3HHy, AOJia3e y od3Hp CBe BpcTe KOMVHHKapuja Kao : BOAeHH nyTeBH (jiaije, peAiopKepn ca maenoBHMa, cnaaBOBH, naMUH), >Kejie3HHHKe npyre (HopAiajiHor KOJiocer-ca n ycxor oa 100 Ao 40 cm, ca iiapHMM, e.ieKTpHHHHAi, motophhm na n aHHAiajiHHM noroHOM), nyreBH (ayTOModmin, i<0H>CKa m BoayjCKa KOJia), KJibCKe CT33e (TOBapHa ctok 3), -KHnane >Kejie3HHpe it neinanKe CTa3e (ca- OHime h abyAH Kao HocanH). LLPra he ce hckophcthth, 3aBHCH, oneT, noHajBHme oa 3eAui>HuiTa, nouiTO je itHMe ycjiOEUbeHa BpcTa KOMVHHKaUHje. Bopda. Bopda je hjih ocjiaHCHBHa hjih AeKa Koja npenpexa. flpenpeKy miHe odanHO no- JIOHOjH, l IHja BpCAHOCT 3aBHCH OA OdjIHKa 3eMJbHLUTa (Koce, oa- cepH, pexe, xanajin, Mopcxe odajie). 13 3a Bpe.Me dopde, oijiaH3MBHe h ^ehboct 3a- bhch y npBOMe pe^y oa 3eMa>HWTa h npupoAe xaa, xoje xo>Ke 6 mth npoxofluo 3a cee poAOBe opywja, hah npoxoAHO caMO 3a neuiaflHjy, dpACKy apTHJiepHjy n xoBapHy KOMopy, npoxoAHO caMO 3a neruaAHjy h nenpoxoAHo. yonujTe yaeB, CBe ocodHHe jeAHor npeAeaa xoje yniay Ha BojHHHKe paAH>e Mory ce iiajaaKuie youirnt, aKO ce noaa3H oa BHC iiHCKor odjimca AOTHHHor npeAeaa. npoivieHe xoje je ysuHnaa HOBeaja pyia. Crene Koje caCTaBJbajy lUicoKe luamiiie h HncraH>a. Ta.uo, rAe ce aauac npjcuipe koiiho ca de3dpojeM dpAa, ()pe>Kya>aKa, pexa, Ao.nina h HHSHja, daao je nexaAa Mope, a Ha iMiioniM MecTHMa, Ha Kojn.ua ce A&Hac Kpehy mopckh xaaacii, daao je HexaAa KonHo. SeM.i.iiua je rcopa Ha hskhm .uecTii.ua noToayaa y Mope, a na Apvni.u ce rio.uuaa 3a hckoahko crormia h xnjbaay MeTapa, na je uopa Hecxaao h HeKaAaiiiibe MopcKO a :o ce ncy- iuhao n nocTaao cyxa 3ejvtAuiHa noiipnnnia. Taxo je Mope HexaAa noKpHBaao, nopeA Apyrnx Kpajeea, cxopo CBe ae.ua.e name Oiay- dnHe h odaBnao Ha ibn.ua HeaiiKe TparoBe. Ha mopckom ce Any, Haii.ue, y roxy decKpajHor speMeHa Hacaarajy Aedeaw caojeea ce.viMenaina KojH ce Taao>Ke H3 BOAe. Haj3HauajHHjH je Meljy mm a KpenwciK Kojn je nociao a AarHac ce. join CTBapa noMohy nyuca, uiKoa>K0, Kopaaa m ap>ihx oprauc aix dHha. Pexe, Koje ce yaeBajy y Mopa, nanoce orpo.MHe koahh iHe 14 secxa, MyjBa h flpyror pacTpecsrror MaTepnjaJia. OBaj HaHoc Bpe- MeHOM CTBpAHe hjih ce noMeuia ca xpenibaKOM, Ha Kojn ce HanHH CTBapajy pa3He deHe, nemnapH, Jianopn, xoHrjioMepaTH. y Mopa h je3epa noTOHyjia cy ca 3eMjbHniTOM h MHore t>HJbxe, norjiaBHTO ApBehe, oa aera je BpeMeHOM nocTao mpecem, na Jimnnm, na Mptai yzajb m, HanocjieTKy. upim yza.w. Oa JKHBoraiba, y boah noniHyjiHx, ctbophjih cy ce nacpma, uempo/iej h aapajim. Ha Me- CTHMa, rAe je Mope 6mo iijihtko, hjih y je3epHMa H3 xojhx je BHme BOAe OTHpajio Hero npHTHpajio, nocTana cy jieJKHurra com h znuca. Cbh obh ceAHMeHTH peTxo kha ce Hajia3e y CBOMe npBOMe HOJiowajy. Ohh cy cjieAOBaaH nonpeTHMa 3eMJbHHe Kope hjih cy XeMHJCKHM HJIH MeX3HHHKHM ynJIHBOM OneT paCTaBJbeHH H npoMeibeHH. /jpyra je Bpcia CTeHa epynTHBHor nopeKJia; to cy CTeHe Koje cy H36aaeHe H3 ByjixaHa y oSjiHxy jiaBe. y OBe cnaAajy: zpamon, nopcfiup, anpesnm, 6a3ajiac. Ha CBeTy je HajpaiuHpeHHja Tpefea Bpcia CTeHa; to cy npn- cmaziacmn lunpnjbifn. Ohh cy nocTajiH MeTaMop(j)030M, AeJiHMHHHO M3 epynTHBHHX CTeHa, a acjihmhhho H3 cTapnx ceAHMeHaTa. TjiaBHe BpcTe KpHCTaaacTHx uixpHJbapa jecy: znajc h cjmmm. CHare, xoje npoyspoxyjy noAH3aite h cnyuiTaite 3eMJbHHe Kope, AejcTByjy hjih y xopH30HTajiHOM hjih y BepTHKajiHOM npaBiiy. y npBOM cjiyaajy y 3eMJbHHoj xopn cT.Bapajy 6ope, njiaHHHCKe Bem;e, a y ApyroMe cy y3poK ape.'iOMHMa h CTBapajy rpaMaAe h nAoae. CBe CTeHe ixeHO, HOAJio>KHe cy pacnaAaity Koje npoyspoxyjy pa3He CHJie, npe CBera boas. Obs AejcTByje MexaHHHKH h xeMHjcKH h apoSh CTeHe. npo- h3boa OBor paAa pa3Hoce rauia, pexe, BeTap, jkhbothhjC h t. a* OBaj npopec, xojH BpeMeHOM TpajHO Meita noBpuiHHy h CMaityje BHCiiHy njiaHHHa, 30Be ce penypapnja. npoH3BOA AeHyAau,Hje Hacjiawe ce no &na>KHM CTpaHaMa, no AOJiHHaMa h piBHHpaivia y TaifceM h Ae^JLeM cjiojy, xojH ce Aej- ctbom 6hjhkh, jKHBOTHita h HHCexaTa, npeTBapa y njioAaH xyjnyc. y nycTHitaMa h CTenaMa bctpobh xojH Ayeajy no obhm oro- jiHheHHM paBHHHaMa, pa3Apode necax y npauiHHy xoja ce Hacjia>xe y AeSeo cjioj h npoMeHOM xjiHAie npeTBopn y BeoMa njioAaH nee. OnHCaHII reOJIOIHKH, TeXTOHCXH, XeMHCKH H MexaHHHKH npo- ijecn y npiipoAH ce Bprne HenpecTaHO. nojeAHHe cy npoMeae, npeMa TOMe, pa3Hor Bexa. HsHXOBy CTapocr MO>xeMO OApeAHTH 15 ho TparoBHMa Koje cy ocxaBHJie >XHB0XHite M dnjbxe Tor poda (oKaMeHHHe). yxBpijeHO je pa cy ce jKHBOXHite h dnjbxe cxapnx BeKOBa 3HaTHO pa3anKOBaae op capaitHx: Hajcxapnje poda HMa/io je >KHBOTHfbe h dnjbxe jepHoexaBHor opraHCxor cacTaBa, a yxo- jihko cy nojepHHH bcxobh dpH>KH capaimfcoexH, yxojinxo ce MO>xe ona3HTH BetiH Hanpepax y pa3BHTKy opraHH3Ma >xHBoxHH>a h dHJbaxa. Cb3ko poda y 3eMJbHHoj npoiiuiocxH HMajio je, paxae, pa3- HOJ1HX >XHBOXHH>CXH H dHJbHH CBeT ) no BpCT3Ma OBOT CBeTa pePC reo.'i03H 3eMJtHHy npouuiocx Ha 3acedHe BeKOBe h (popMdi{nje. OBaKBa reojiomxa (jiopiviapHja npepcxaBJba yjepHO h poda y KOMe je nocxajia poxHHHa rpyna CTeHa. Hexojmxo cpopHHx (jjopMapnja BHHe zeojiouiKH Ben. Pa3PHxyjy ce obh reojiomxH BexoBH h 4>opMapnje: V. KeH030jCKH HJ1H He030jCKH T. j. HOBH BeKC 2. KBapmapm (jiopMapnja y xojoj ce pa3JiHKyje: * a) ajiyBiijyM, d) flHJiyBHjyM. I. Tepu,Mjepna cfiopMapHja, xoja ce pe.™ Ha: a) njiHoqeH, d) MHopeH, b) oj}nrou,eH, r) eopeH. VI. Me3030jCKH, T. j. CpeAHH BeK. 3. Kpewa (jjopMaipija, „ 2. Jypcm (jjopMapwja, 1. Tpujapna cjjopMapuja. HI. na.ieo3ojcKH, t. j. CTapH Ben. 5. nepMcm (jjopMapwja, 4. Kap6oHcm (jjopiviapHja. 3. fleSoHcm (jiopMapnla, 2. Ciuiypcm (jiopMapuja, 1. KaMSpnjcm cjiopMannja. II. Eo3ojcKH hjih np0Tep030jcKH hjih npepKaMdpHj- CKH BeK. I. A30jCKH HJIH apxajCKH BeK. OflHOCHO HaBepeHHx reojiouiKHx poda Bajba HanoMeHyxn pa ce, y noniepy cxapocxn h xpajaita nojepHHHX BexoBa, He Mory paxn HHxaxBH ancojiyxHH dpojeBH; obh cy BpeMeHCXH nopapn 16 caMo pejiaTHBHH h xa>xy a a cy ropae (j)opMau;nje MJiaije oa aoh>kx. CTapwjHx. ^HJiyBHjyM oAJiHKyje ce jiefleHHM ao6om, Koje je 3aB.17aAa.T0 no 36 mjlh; H 3 -Tor AO 0 a hm3mo npBe Tparoee nosexoBor >KHBOTa ea 3eMji>n. y TOKy nejie 3eMjbHHe Hcropuje aejcTBOBane cy HanpeA na-? Be^eHe cnne Koje cy CTBapane njia.iHHe, Methane bhchhckh o6jihk 3eMJbHHe nospniMHe n, HanocneTKy, nami seMJM caAaitH pejbetjh Behirna caAaftnx eBponcxnx nnaHHHa CTBopeHa je, na npwMep, y Teppvijepy. rUIAHMHCKE CMCTEME HALIiMX 3EMAJbA M ftMXOB nOCTAHAK. yHyTpaintbOCT BanxaHcxor riojiyocTpBa noApodHuje je npo- yneHa Tex y XIX Bexy. Meljy caBpeMeHHM ncnuraBaanMa TpeSa Ha npBOM MecTy HaBecTH cpncxor reorpaijm npo(})ecopa JoBana LjBnjniia, HaynHHxa CBeicxor rnaca, 'xoiwe hm3mo Aa 6naroAapnMo 3 a rnaBHe noAaxxe o reorpacjtcKHM np;uiHxaMa ne caMO jyrocno- BeHCxnx 36Majba Hero n i^enor BajixaHCXor FIonyocTpBa. I~beroBa Aena nnne ochob earner 3HaH>a y mhochm o6nacTHMa 3ejvubonnCHe Hayxe o noJiyocipBy. FpaHnpe KpajLeBHHe Cp6a, XpBaia n CnoB.eHapa 3axBaiajy, hjih AeJiHMHHHo hjih noTnyno, oBe nnaHHHCxe CHCTeme BanxaHcxor riojiyocTpBa: /^HHapcxy cncieMy, ri/iHAOBe nnaHiine, BanxaH, Kap- naTe n PoAoncxn Macns. fl,HHapCKe nnaHHHe nonnihy Ha Cope y CnoBeHiijii 11 npy- >xajy ce y j.-n. npaBpy, Ay* jaApancxe ofiane, ao oxonHHe Cxa- Apa, i’Ae ce 3aBiijajy y npaBpy c.-h. (npoxneTiije n tbuxob Ha- CTaBax ceBepHO oa MeToxnje). Ohc cy BefciiHOM cacTaB.heHe oa MJ ia^nx cieHa, oa TpujaAnnx, jypcxnx n xpeAHnx xpeeftaxa xao h oa ceAHMeHaia Me303ojcxor Bexa. y to cy Ao6a name seMjbe HHHHJie aho BejiHKora *iopa, xoje ce npoeTHpano npexo pene jyncHe Eepone, npeMa HCTOxy, npexo npeAH>e A3«je ao MHAHje. (Mope Terac). Ha tteroBOM Any Hacnarann cy ce orpoMHH cnojeBH Kpentiaxa, xojn canHtbaBajy Aanaunte rnaBHe eBponcxe unaHHHe. IloneTXOM Tepu,HjepHor Ao6a noneno je seivubmiiTe /jnnap- ckhx nnaHHHa Aa ce AH*e H3 Mopa, n oxo cpeAHHe Tepipijepa xonao je HMano Belr CBOj caAaihM oxBnp, aok ce na c.-h. h j.-3. Mope join AaJte npocTHpano. y to Ao6a nonHthe npHdnpan>e no- 17 BpmHHe; CTBapajy ce /tyaapcKe naaHMHe. /jeHyAapaja npeTBopw 6ope y npocipaae naone, Koje cy KapaKTepaCTHHHe 3a flaHapcKy CHCTeMy. Kpajeiw TeppajepHor ^o6a npejioM0.no ce 3anafl«o /Jh- napcKO 3eMJfcHmTe y MHoroSpojHHM nyKOTHHaMa h nojeAHHe naone noneae cy fla TOHy. Ory^a h o6/wk cacTeMe Koja, npeMa j.- 3 . onajja Kao orpoMHa Tepaca. y nyKOTHHama cy, epo3njoM, nocTaaa BejiHKa nojba Koja cy ce, KpajeM Teppajepa, npeTBOpana y caaTKO- BOAHa je3epa. y obhmb CTBapao ce Ha mhothm mectHMa Mpiai yrajb, aok je3epa y ^HayBHjyMy Hajsap He npecymnuje. y to je flo6a TaKolje JappancKO Mope AoCaao cboj capaHai ooaaK. 3eMJb5uuTe, Koje paHac noKpHBa ceBepHH JappaH, nocraao je KonHO npe cpeAHHe Teppajepa. KpajeM Teppnjepa obo je 3eM- JbHuiTe noTOHyjio, a Hame npHMopje, y TOKy AHayBajyMa, aoShjio CBoj caAafbH o£>aaK. Mhoth acjiobh /],HHapcKHx naaHHHa noTOHyaa cy, Tano, Aa cy oct3jih caMo jbhxobh HajBHiiiH bpxobh Kao ocTpBa m noayocTpBa h3H3a MopcKe nospmaHe. A;i6aHCKO-rpMKe hjih IliiHpQBe miaRHHe, Koje ce ca CBOjuM ceBepHHM AeaoBHMa npyacajy no Hauioj TepaTopaja, cna- Aajy y HajMae>e acnaTaHe eBponcxe naanHHe. 14 o:-ie cy MJiaAor Beiapn cy pe^H, 3a to je h nojaBa Kpaca catoo cnopaAHHHa. y c.-h. Aeay name OTapdnHe rpaHa ce BaJiKan ca cb ojHM 3anaAHHM KpajeM. 14 to cy MJiaAe naaHHHe, Koje M3raeAajy Kao HacTaBaK KapnaTa ca KojTiMa y CTBapii HeMajy TeKTOHCKe Be3e. BajiKaii ce npy>Ka oa IUpHor Mopa y 3anaAHOM npaBpy, paiuapyje ce h pena 3anaAHO oa Hcie MopaBe. KapnaxH nan TpaHCHJiBaHCKH Ajkih, TaKo^e MJiaAe naa¬ HHHe, npywajy ce H3 TpaacHaBaHHje npeKO /fyHaBa n rpaHajy ce y c.-n. Cp6njn AO XoMOJbCKe h IJpHopeuiKe KOTaime. Ohh y3HMajy y iyjKHOM AO-fiy npaBap npeMa jyry h cnyuiTajy ce nocTeneno y hh3h] y Ha AOfteM THMOKy. TeMejb BajreaHa nnae KpucTaaacTH lhkphjbph Kojn Ha mhothm MecTHMa M3dnjajy Ha noBpujHHy; Befaffla je naaHHHa cacTaBjteHa oa ceAH/MeHaTa naaeo3ojcKor h Meso3ojcKor poCa. TeMejb KapnaTa HHPe BehnnoM KpHCTHJiacTH inKpHa.ua Ha KojHMa ae>Ke KpeattapH KpepHor Ao6a. KapnaTH cy y cpeAfteM 2 18 fleji-y CTBopeHH Befc y xapSoHexo flo6a; no tom hx je Mope no- hobho 3aanao. Caftans cy o6anx js,o6mn y cpeAHHH TeppnjepHor Aoda, Kaft cy HacTaan mhoth npeaoMH n epynpnje aaBe. EpyrnaB- hhx creHa hm3 Taxotje y cpncKHM KapnaTHMa. Y Be3n ca h>hm3 jaBJbajy ce MHore pyfle. L(eo cpeAfcH Aeo H3Meijy /jnnapcxe cncTeMe n Hhhaobhx nnaHHHa Ha 3anaAy n Kapnaia n BaaxaHa Ha HCToxy 3ay3HMa PofloncKH MacHB. Fbera oABaja oa BaaxaHa hh 3 xoTanHa, ie), n Aa*e Jy>XHa n Beanxa MopaBa. Ha jyry npy>xa ce Poaohcxh MacnB ao Erej-. ckot Mopa, a npewa FIhhaobhm naaHHHaMa y raaBHOMe HHHe Meijy TecaanjcKa paBaH, ropita BncTpnpa, KOTauHe: KocTypcxa, npe- cnaHcxa, >Keae3HHK, nopen, Tctobo n pexa JleneHap. Oa flmmp-. ckot cnaeTa oABajajy ra: xocoBCxa xomHHa n najbe, y raaBHOMe, pexe M6ap, /jHHHHa n Koaydapa. Ha ceBepy nojeAnne Hncxe rpyne npy>xajy ce ao CaBe n J\ymBa. PoAoncKoj chct6mh npnnaAajy HajBHLUH BpxoBH BaaKaHCKor noayocrpBa (OanMn 2985 m, My- caaa 2929 m). PoAoncKH MacnB je HajCTapnjH aoo BaaKaHCKor noayocTpBa h name AP>KaBe. CacTojn ce, noraaBHTO, oa xpncTaaacTnx rnxpn- jbaqa, npBeHCTBeHO majca a CTapnjnx n Maaljnx epynTiiBHHx CTeHa. /Jox Beanxn Aeo PoAoncxor MacHBa HHje hhioa 6ho noA MopeM (Taxo: naaHHHe hctohhc MaxeAOHHje, nepncTepcxa rpyna, Ce- aenxa naaHHiia), oohobho cy Hapowro 3anaAHH AeaoBH npenaaB- jteHH MopeM, ycaeA Hera cy TaMO KpHcraaac™ mxpnabpn noxpn- BeHH ceAHMeHTHMa, KpeiH>au,nMa n xoHrnoMepaTHMa. npeA nepM- cko ao6a noAnrHyra cy nojeAHHH aojiobh, Taxo A a cy xao ocipBa Bupnan H3 Mopa n 6am n3ao>KeHn AeHyAau,njn. Hobo Beanxo Ha6npaH>e y PoAoncxoM MacnBy HacTaao je y xpeAHO Ao6a. Taj TeKTOHCKH npopec Aao je MacnBy caAaftn o6anx. Poaoncxa rpa- MaAa npeaoMnaa ce y mho him npaBipma n MHore oa CTBopeHnx rpyAa cnycTnae cy ce 3a Hexonnxo CTOTHHa MeTapa. Taxo cy no- daae MHoroSpojae xoTaiwe xoje cy 3Hanajne 3a PoAoncxn MacHB. Y Bean ca obhm npenaMa>aiteM Haciaao je Beanxo ByaxaHcxo AejcTBO. H36aneHe cy H3 nyxoTHHa orpoMHe xoanHHHe aaBe xoja ce pa3nnaa no noBpuiHHH. TaxBH xoMnaexcn epynTHBHnx CTeHa cannftaBajy PyAHnx n KonaoHnx, na Bpamcxy, xpaioBCxo-3ae- TOBexy, MopnxoBCKO-MoraeHCxy, ijeBtjeanjcxy n BOAencxy oxo- anHy, xoje npeACTaBJtajy y pyAaMa naj^oramje xpajeBe BaaxaH- cxor noayocTpBa. 19 BeiiHHy KOTJiHHa, nocraanx Ha rope H3Jio>KeH HanriH, npe- naaBHJia cy je3epa: MeTOxnjy, Kocobo, CxoncKy KOTaHHy, OBne aojbe, THKBern h t. a- OBa cy ce je3epa aopHHje ncyinnaa, aan cy apyra ociaaa ao aaHac, h. rip. OpxrracKO, npecnaHCKo, OCTpOBCKO H T. Jl. y c.-3. aeay Hame ap>naBe rpapajy ce Kpajitn BeHijH Hctoh- hhx Anna. Kao rpaHnpa H3Meijy Aana h /JriHapcKe cHCTeiwe Mo>Ke saiKHTH anHuja, Koja noaa3H oa TojiMHHa Ha Cohh h nae nopea aoH>e Hapiijpe, npexo H3Bopa Hoa>aHCKe Cope h npeKO 6paa H3- Meijy Mapnje, UJKorJjje Jlcxe h BpxHHKe, aaa>e npexo Jby(5a>aH- CKor djiara u Haj3aa oa npmiHKe nopea >Keae3HHHKe npyre Jby6- jtaHa — Hobo MecTO ao CaBe. Mctohhh Aann cy TaKoije Mjiaae njiaHHHe h cacTaBJbeHe oa nei reoaoniKiix nojaca. M3Mei}y /J,paEe Ha jyry h aurmje Mh — Caapax — Ehc — Mypa Ha ceBepy Haaa3H ce cpeaHuntH nojac KojH ce cacTojH oa KpncTaaacTHX niKpiia>apa. CeBepHO oa tt>era -renor ceBepHH KpenibaHKH h aa^e ^jihuikh nojac. Ha jyry oa cpe- animber nojaca Haaa3n ce flpaBCKa naaHHHCKa rpyna oa CTapnx cxeHa, aeauMHpe KpncTaaacTHX niKpHa>apa. Oaa je Kao h cpe- anuiHjH nojac -CTBopeHa y raaBHOMe y KapSoHCKO ao6a. Jy>KHO oa Jte noan>Ky ce jywnn KpeartaHKH Aanii. Ha any Mopa, iy noKpnBaao se- fcHHy noapynja Mctohhhx Aana, Hacaaraan cy ce orpoMHH caojeBH Kpearbaxa. y Kpeaao ce ao6a H3Bpuinao noHOBHO Hadupaifce h CBe ce 3eAia)HniTe noaarao H3 Mopa. Tpefee Ha6npaH>e y TeppnjepHO ao6o p,ajio je AannMa, yraaBHOM, caaaiwi o6jihk. Y mcto BpeMe aacTaao je Beanno npeaaMa>an>e n cnyniTaHbe nojeanHHx aeaoBa ycaea nera cy ce CTBopnae H3Me^y nojeanHHx Benapa Beaune KOTanHe Ha np. HjeaoBanKa, JBy(5a>aHCKa, H,ea>CKa n ap. Koa OBor npopeca H36ane cy na noBpniHHy n epyrnuBHe creHe (h. np. y hctohhom aeay /JpaBCKe rpyne n y noxopjy). Ha ceBepy 3aaa3H Hauia OiapCiHHa y naHOHCKy nan cpeprbe- AynaBCKy HH3njy. Tao OBe Beaune paBHiipe HHHe BefaiHOM a«- ayBnjaaHo-aayBHjaaHH HaHOCH, H3 Kojnx ce Kao ocTpBa noanacy 3ace6He naaHHHe (y CaaBOHiijn, XpBaTCKOj, BapattH n MaijapcKoj), ocrapH crape pecraae naHOHCKe naaHHHCKe Mace. M riaHOHCKO noapyaje y Teppnjepy je 3aanao Mope noje je Ha CBOMe a«y cao- acnao BeaHKe KoaiiHHHe ceaHMeHaxa. Obh aaHac canHH>aBajy Tao y ncTOHHoj UlTajepcKoj, npenoMypjy, HCTOHHoj XpBarcKoj, Caa- BOHnjn, ceBepHoj Bochh m ceBepHoj Cp6njn. /JppHHje ce naHOHCKO 2 * 20 Mope npexBopn.no y caaHO je3epo Koje ce HanocaeTxy Hcymnac noneTKOM ftHayBHjyiwa. Y 3aaHBHMa naHOHCKor Mopa CTBopnaa cy ce SoraTa aejKHnrra .upxor yra>a, h. np. xoft TpdoBJba, Beaeabac. KoaeBja h t. ft. IIpn Kpajy TeppujepHor ftoda 6ho je yraaBHo.w 3aBpiueH fta- naimt>n pacnopeft naaHHHa h BeaHKHx HHsnja. Oft Tafta cy njiaHHHe 6nae H3aow:eHe fteHyftapnjH; BpeMeHCKe cy cnae ftejcTBOBajie na y3BHUieH>a pa3ftnpyfrn hx h CMajtyjyfcH hm BHCHHy. Yftydjbeifea,. ftoaHHe, paBHHpe h npH6pe>KHH fteaoBH Mopa ny mum cy ce HUbyn- kom, necKOM h My^eM xojn cy pexe HaHocnae. OpHpoftHH tok OBor npopeca npexHHyao je y ftHayBHjyMy, Taxo 3BaH0, aefteHO flofia, Koje je Ha HajBHiiiHM fteaoBHMa 3eMa>HinTa h h>hxobom noft- Hoacjy npoy3poKOBaao 3HaTHe npoMeHe, HHjH ce TparoBH join h ftaHac Mory 3ana3HTM. JIEAEHO AOEA y 3EMJBAMA CPEA, XPBATA M CJIOBEHALIA. Beii y paHHjiiM reoaouixHM BexoBHMa Mei-baaa ce xaHMa hs- ftocafta HeoOjauiifceHHx y3poKa h dnaa je Hexaft Tonanja, Hexan xaaftHuja. Y aefteHO ftoda BpeMe je 3HaTHO saxaaftnao. TonaoTa. je dnaa 3a 3—4 cTeneHa HH>xa Oft caftaH>e, iiito je npoy3poxo- Baao 3HaTHe npoMene y >khbothh>ckom h 6hji>hom CBeTy. TpaHapa BeaHTor cHera cnycTHaa ce y 3HaTHoj Mepii, Taxo fta je y AaniiMa 6hji a h. np. 3a 1200—1300 m Hioxa oft ftaHauiibe. Y JyaHCKHM AanHMa ae>xaaa je oft npnaHxe Ha bhchhh o/i; 1400 m, y KaMHHHXHM Aanima 1500 m bhcoko. Ycaeft Tora cy ftodnan aeft hhph Beanxe pa3iwepe. Taxo ce ; . Ha nprnwep, aeftHHX Jyancxnx Aana no ftoaHHH CaBe /joaiiHKe npywao fto PaftOBJbHpe, rfte ce cnajao ca aeftHHKOM no ftoaHHH Pa- ftOBHe h TpepHM xojn ce cnymrao ftoaiiHOM Eoxmbcxe CaBe. Ha flpyroj CTpaHH JyaHcxnx Aana cnyuiTao ce BeaHKH aeftHHx y fto- aiiny Cone xojH ce 3aBpuiaBao Tex xoft Cb. Jlypnje. HajBeiw aeftHHx no HaiuHM 3eMa>aMa 6ho je ftpaBCKH xojn je CBojHM aefteHHM Ma- caiwa noxpnBao peay neaoBanxy KOTaHHy. JleftHHpn daaxaHcxnx naaHHHa 6mm cy MHOro MaitH oft aanncxHX. HajnpocTpaHHjn cy ce Haaa3nan y BpoxaeinjaMa. Ca aeftOM cy 6me noxpHBeHe y /j^Hapcxoj CHCTeMH h. np. nnaume HlaTop, ripeib, TpecxaBHpa, Beaem, Boayjax, MBpcHHpa, BpaT- Hnpa, EjeaaniHHpa, OpjeH, JloBheH, n ftp. Y ftoaHHH ropier M6 pa 21 :npy>Kao ce jicahhk ao PoiKaja, Apyrw cy ce cnyarrajia ao 3anaAHe ■ HBHue MeToxHje. Ha ropiteM Jlimy najia3HO ce bcjihkh jicahhk. AyjKHHe 35 km. JleAHHKa je 6hjio TaKotje Ha LUapn, Kopady, ne- pMCxepy, KonaoHHKy, TojinjH, CyBoj ropn h Muyopy. JleAHHK je H3ay6ho . AOJiHHy KojoM ce xpeTao h noTKonao .AOJiHHCKe CTpaHe, noje cy c Tora nocTajie BeoMa cipMe. /jojniHe cy Ha Taj Hamm AodHJie iuhpoko paBHO aho ca ctpmhm CTpaHaMa T.-j. oa npnjiHKe o6jihk jiaTHHCKor cjioBa U (npHMepa : AOJiHHa Caee /jojiHHKe, EoxHibCKa AOJiHHa, JIorapcKa AOJinaa h AP-)- HHane Ao.nHHe HMajy o6jihk JiaTHHCKor cjiOBa V. JleAHHpn cy hochjih co 6 om smhoto chthot KaMeita, Koje cy ■Hacjiarajin Ha CBOMe ia pa3He BejiHHHHe odniHO y odjuiKy Kyne, t 3B. Mopene. JIcahhk je Ha Taj h 3 hhh BpeMeHOM ctbopho BejiHKH Hacnn, a ioa ce jicahhk AopHHje noByKao HaTpar npewa HSBOpy, y tom ce kotjiy ctbophjio je3epo. 0 b 3 kbhx je3epa hmr BeoMa MHoro y cbhm 3. njiaHHHaMa y KojHMa cy 6 hjih jicahhph, ■h. np. y A.'inHMa: BpdcKO, BjiauiKO, Bjicacko je3epo, y ripoKJie- nijaMai n.aaBCKO je3epo, Ha LUapH npexo AsaAeceT hx h t, a- JleAeHO AO*5a je y naHOHCKOj HH3HjH ocTaBHJio, TaKolje, csoje TparoBe. Obac je BjiaAajia CKopo CTenciKHiix BePnx npHTOKa, nPMPOAHE OBJIACTM KPAJLEBHHE CPBA, XPBATA M CJ10BEHAU,A. MsynaBaae cf>H3HHKO-reorpa(})CKHx ejie.MeHaTa, Koja cy 3Ha- ca BojHHHKor rjieAHUiTa, duke Jiaix jaApaHCKHX odaaa npywa oa JbydjbaHe ao CKaAapcKor Je3epa. nopeA obhx oSjiaCTH BajinaHCKor riojiyocTpBa Haiuoj OTap- 6 hhh npHnaAajy joui h AeJiOBH hctohhhx Ajina h IlaHOHCKor 6 a- cem. OSjiacT Hctohhhx Anna 3axBaTa npeAeo ceBepHO oa JiHHHje MApnja — JbydjbaHa — Hobo MecTO — MeTJiHKa h 3anaAHO op. jiHHHje MeTJUina — 3arped - Bapaxhxobhx reorpaificKHX ejieMeHaTa Ha BojHHnne paAH>e. Ciora fceMO nocjie H3JiaraH>a bhchhckot odjinna, H3HeTH CBe oho uito yTHne Ha npeTaite, CTaHOBaite, CHadAeBaite h dopdy BOjcne. AaKJie: npnpoAy TJiHHe, nonpHBan, penHe npenpene, KOMyHnnapHje, KJiHAiy, 3ApaBCTBene h CMeunajue npHjinne h Haj3aA MaTepHjajina cpeACTBa Koja ce Mory hckophcthth 3a CHadAeBaite Tpyna. I. MOPABCKA OBJIACT MilM UjyMA/3,HJA CA MCTOHHOM CPBMJOM. 1. OnuiTH nperjiefl 7 ). Ha ceBepy oa Jacipenpa, KonaoHHna, Tojinje h 3jiaTHdopa, npocTHpe ce ceBepHa Cpdnja noja hhhh nornyHy reorpatfiCKy pe- 7 ) Bha h Jobcih IfBHjnk: Ba.iKancKO no-iyocrpiio. 23 jiHHy; Ta ce peanHa Aiowe H33BaTH LLIyAiaAHja no 3e«Jbn ienoM ijeHTpy n Koja je oa XIX BeiKyA>u,HAia; cynpoTHa o6aaa obhx pexa hhck 3 je h Hecro OapoBHTa. LUyMaAHja ce OAAHKyje hh3oai Tepaca Koje ce nocTeneHO, je«Ha HcnoA APyre, cnyunajy: HajBHiue cy BHcoKe oko 800—850 AieTapa, HajHH>Ke, na oOaan /jyHaBa, caAio 120 MeTapa. Cie 3 Ayt>OKHX kah- cypa. MAia Bpjio pa3BHjeHy Aipeacy 6 omhhx aojihh 3. 3anaAHO oa M opaBe, npocTpaHe penHe paBHHpe H3Ay6eHe cy h npoiunpeHe KoayOapOAi h /Jphhoai, Ha HCTOKy MaaBOAi h PleKOAi; OBe cy ao- iiHHe pa3ABojeHe, y CBOAie AOH>eAi Tony, caAio hhckhai 3apaBHHAia. Kao KOHTpacT, npewa mnpoKHM AOAHHaMa, H3AH)Ky ce ca myMaAHjcKe noBpuni H3oaoBaHe naaHHHe xoje ponapy ao BHCHHe oa 1200 AieTapa. Jesrpo myAiaAHCKe noBpniH HHHe Bpao pa3HOBpcne c'reHe, oa KpHCTaaacTux inKpnjbapa h epynTHBHHX CTeHa na ao nemnapa, aanopa h KpenaaKa, ia h ABaaa), ,ll,HHapcK0Ai CHCTeAijVQaBop, 3aaraC)op, Baatunh h 'LJep), BaaKaHy (CyBa naaHHHa, CTapa naaHHHa, Kynaj h PTaub) h KapnaTCKOAi CHCTeAiy (MnpoH h XoAioa>CKa naaHHHa). 3anaAHO oa MopaBe jyiKHy rpaunpy AiopaBCKe oOaacTH HHHe JacTpedau; h KonaoHHK KojH je OABajajy oa peHTpaaHe 24 ooJiacTM hjih PaiuKe. JacmpeSau, ce noaHWe HSMetjy 3anaaHe h Jy>KHe MopaBe h uiapoKe aojiHHe TonjiHqe ao 1566 Meiapa BH¬ CHHe (IByjiHqa). RiiaHHHa je rycxo noiuyMJbeHa h npnjiHHHO 6ec- nyTHa. FBeHH ce ceBepun, myMOBiiTH orpaHii,H npymajy ao CTa- jiaha. Ha 3anaay je JacTpeSaq aoJiHHOM PacHire (>Kyna) oaBojeH oa Kouaonma Kojn ce y MepnaHOHajiHOM npaBuy npywa oa mo- paBCKe ao.iHHe Koa KpajbeBa ao Jla6a Heaajieno oa npHumiHe. KonaoHHK je cpeaaa njiaHHHa Koja aocTn>Ke BHCHHe Belie oa 2000 meiapa (CyBo PyamuTe 2140 m, nmiaTOBHqa 1705 m); oh je OoraT LuyMaMa h pyaaMa. KonaoHHK npejia3e aea KOJicxa nyTa: jy>KHH, Sojbh Boan H3 AOJiHHe Tonjinqe y PauiKy, a ceBepHii H3 A.aeKcanapoBqa y Barby h a^Jbe y AOJiHHy H6pa. M6ap ce npoOnja oa KocoBa ao KpajbeBa iKHoj hbhijh mo- paBCKe odaacTii (j.-3. oa KpajbeBa): Cmonom (1443 m) hctohho oa M6pa a Tpozncw h HeMepno 3anaano; cee cy to rydo no- myMJbeHe h cjia6o Hacejbene njiaHHHe. y njiaHHHe epymHBHHx cieHa cnaaa TaKoije PypHmc Koja npeacTaBJba HajBehH njiaHHHCKH MaciiB iuto ce H3an>Ke H3 uiy- AiaancKe noBpiiiH. LjeHTpajiHor je noao>Kaja. Oa H>era 3eMjbHuiTe Ha cBe CTpaHe naaa. Heuy BpCTy HBopa y PyaHHKy npeacTaBJbajy BeaiiKH (1180 m) h Majin IiiTypaq ca npeBojeM cpearue BHCHHe oko 1100 m (nyT Tonojia — Topaii MnjiaHOBaq). Oa h>hx ce 3Be3aado pa3naa3e ayranKe Koce Hapoamo npeMa ceBepy ii iiCTOKy, H3Meijy Kojux ce npynrajy aySoKe, ycxe aojiHHe bpjio dpMHx crpaHa. CaB Taj pyaHHHKH ruiaHHHCKH mhchb je jaxo rny- mobht, a Ha HCTOKy je uiyMa totobo HenpoxoaHa. Ca PyaHHKOM CToje y Be3H pa3He ruiaHHHCKe rpyue; Ha jyry Jeuieean (921 m) h Komnenm (768 m), Ha j.-H. y yray 113- Meijy 3anaaHe ii Be/iHKe MopaBe rnepnhCKe njiaHHHe ca CaMapoM (950 m) h aaJte naa MopaBOM Jyxop (807 m). npeMa ceBepy ce npv>Ka hhs opaa: Bemail (675 m), Byuy/ba (720 m), KocMaj (624 m) ii Asam (560 m) naa BeorpaaoM; iberoB HacTaBax ao- niipe y Eeorpany ao CaBe h flyHaBa. npeMa 3anaay je PyaHHK npexo CysoSopa h Ma/bena (1100 m) y Be3ii ca noBJienoM (1480 m), HajBiimoM njiaHHHOM 3anaaHe CpSuje. npexo MajbeHa bosh nyT oa BajbeBa 3a y>KHqe (npeBoj 761 m). Oa IIoBJieHa ce npyara ruiaHHHCKH seHaq-y c.-3. npaBqy ao 3BopHHKa h JIo3HHqe Ha /(phhh: MepBeHHK (1246 m), Jaeopiba h Bo3awa (890 m). CBe cy OBe njiaHHne KpeHHbanKe h npunaaajy annapcKOM CHCTeMy. 25 C OHe CTpaHe Janpa M3AH>Ky ce m paBue MaHBe h nocaBHHe, xoia ce npeMa Kojiydapn 3HaTHo pamupyje, rpaHHTHH l\ep (705 m) ii Kpe/^HH Bnainnh (470 m). n.naHHHe jy>KHO oa Bajme Baime Ha oko y>Kima h '-iaHKa, pasABajajy MopaBCKy oSjiacT on PaiiiKe. To cy: myMO- Buxa BHCopaBaH Tapa y 33BHjyTKy /(pane Koja nocewe y BejiHKOM CTo.'my 1673 m h najfce Majio hmjkh 3namn6op ca npocxpaHHM narnaMa. M3we^y Tape n 3jiaTn6opa boah, aojihhom TaeTume h npeBojeM oa 974 m koa MoKpe Pope, KOMyHHKaipija H3 y>Kmj,a y BapAHmTe a BimierpaA Ha /(pmhh. HacTaBaK 3;iaTH6opa npeMa j.-H. HHHe JaBop h Fojwja, Kojn oABajajy AyryjbacTe pa3y^ene rpaHe no 3anaAHe Mopase koa ywmja n Hanna (TporjiaB, He- v.epHO. Je.iHaa, Ofinap). n.aaHHHe, y okojihhh y>KH4a h Hanna, oSpacjie cy rycTHM LuyMaMa; OBAe ce Hajia3e HajnpocTpaHHjH myMOBHTH npenejiti Cp6nje. Oa BajiKancKor ciiCTeMa yjia3H y CpOajy neo 3anaAHor BaaKana PberoB je rjiaBHH BeHap Cuiapa Fljiamma, hhjmm rpe- oeHQM, HAe noaeBiiiH oa Mynn6a6e, Hama rpaHiipa ca ByrapcKOM. nojeAHHH neJiOBH CTape njiaHHHe HMajy CBoje 3ace6He Ha3HBe -Kao: Kom, HunpoBCKa njiatnma, Cbcth Hnnona. Hdch HajBHinn Bpx je Mnpop (2186 m); BeHap ce 3aBpuiaBa ca BpuiKOM HyKOM (739 m) HCToaHO oa 3ajeaapa. CTapa HjianiiHa je cacTaBJieHa oa pasHOBpcHHX CTeHa c Mano KpenmaKa. Ha aoj HMa npocTpanax nama. Cxapa n/iaHHHa ca cbojhm orpampiMa npeACTaBJba Be;iHKe o6aacTH CTonapcKor >KHBOTa. PIpeKo Ciape fljiaHHHe Bone camo cjia6e KOMyHHKapnje, Be- 'feHHOM CTaae, y ByrapCKy. HajBaHmaje cy: kojickh nyT 3ajenap — Ky.ia, KOftCKa CTa3a npeKo npeBoja KaAn6ora3 (631 m) y Eejio- rpanHK h kojickh nyT (y npeBojy oa 1444 m KoitcKa CTa3a) oa B aaTe EepHJioBiipe y TproBauiTe. OrpanpH CTape njiaHHHe npeMa TnMOKy KpaTKH cy h ncnpe- ceqaHH nyOoKHM KJincypacTHM AOJiHHaMa. CeBepao oa nnpoTa h. Hapndpona npa™ rojia h KaMenirra Bnpimh Fopa (1.353 m) CTapy PfjiaHMHy. Pby cene ApwaB.na rpaHHpa. CeBepno h jy>KHO oa BhajihIi P ope, kojiCkh nyTeBH, oa THHaqa m Eynune (Ha nyTy PiiHipi — CocljHja) BOAe y Hhpot. /(pyra Beha njiaHnna EajiKaHCKor CHCTeMa y Cp6njn je rojia h CTeHOBHTa CyBa njiamna Koja ce, H3Met)y Humane h KyTHH- CKe pene, npywa ao OKOJinHe Huma. Pben HajBiimH Bpx je TpeM 26 (1822 m). ElpeKo CyBe njiaHHHe boah kojickh nyT OapoT Bna- cothhuh — JlecKOBap. npocTop oa CyBe njiaHHHe ao dyrapcxe rpaHHpe ncnyibeH je orpampiMa CyBe FIjiaHHHe h dyrapcxor Bhc- Kjapa KojH cy BeoMa pa3rpaHa™ h HcnpecepaHH ay^okhm kjihcv- paMa (Pyj njiaHHHa). Kpo3 oBaj iKejie3Hnpa h APyw ao- jihhom HniuaBe npeKO rinpoTa, LjapndpOAa y Cocjmjy. CyBa njiaHHHa 3aBpuiaBa ce bhcokhm h ctpmhm oAcepnina Ha HauiaBH H3Metjy dejio-najiaHanKe h HHUiKe KOTjiHHe. CeBepno oa HnuiaBe noAHJKy ce CBpjbmuKe uji anme (oa 1369 m) Koje HHHe jy>KHy BOAOMeljy TuMOKa. FIocjieAftH AeaoBH EajiKaHCKOr cncTeMa y CpdnjH cy Tpecn- 6a6a (809 m), npeKO Koje boah APyM H3 HHina y KifcaweBap, 03pen c /(eBHpoM, Pawn, (1566 m) h Kynaj. To cy KpenitaHKe njiaHHHe, Ha KojHMa cy pa3BnjeHii odJinqH h nojaBe Kpaca (peKe noHopHHpe, BpTane, MHorodpojHe nehHHe). M3Aieijy 03peHa h Pma boah, aojihhom MopaBHqe Kpos CoKodahbCKy KOTJiHHy h npeKO ceAJia oa 755 m, APyw AjieKCHHap — KftajKeBap. Cjihhho noctojH h H3Meijy PTH>a h Kynaja jeAHa paceAJiHHa, CTOJinqa, KojoAi BOAe >Kejie3HHqa h Apyw riapafeHH — 3ajenap. CeBepHo oa Kynaja, a c one CTpaae qpHopenKor dacena n xoMOJtcKe KouiHHe, Hajia3e ce njiaHHHe KapnaTCKor cHCTeivia. je3rpo obhx njiaHHHa HHHe KpiiciajiacTH ihkphjbph Ha KojHMa Jie>Ke KpenibanH. PfopeA Tora Ha BHUie MecTa HMa h epynTHBHHx CTeHa, a y Be3H ca thm MHoro pa3HOBpcHHX pyAa. rinaHHHe ao- cewy caMo He3H3THe bhchhc m noKpHBeHe cy rycTOM piyMOM. y AyHaBCKOM 3aBHjyTKy noAH>Ke ce Mnpon (800 m), Aa*i>e npeAia jyry Bemmn I'peoen h Hem Jobcih, Kojn, ca KJiaAOBCKHM KjtyneM h HeroraHCKOM paBHHqoM, HHHe HeroTHHCKy KpajHHy, HMyhaH 3eAiJbopaAHHHKH, BHHorpaAapcKH h CTonapcKH Kpaj. 27 Sanafluo oa riopenKe pene Ha.na3e ce Benmn kpm (1195 m) m Janmapcm bmc, a H3Hafl XoMOJhCKe kotjihhc, pyaoM 6oraxa. XoMOJbcm unanma (994 m). KapnaTCKe miaHHHe ona^ajy Ha ceBepy cxpmhm, cxchobhxhm oflcepHMa npeMa /(yHaBy, Kojn je H3Meijy ibhx Mopao m ce npo- Cwje y KjiHcypn, ToepAany, h >KeaesHHM BpaTHMa. 143 H3Jio>KeHor ce bhah ^a pejia MopaBCKa odjiacx, ca hcxohhom Cp6njoM HMa, ABa BejiHKa naaHHHCKa noApynja: je/jHo 3anaAHO u &pyro hcxohho oa MopaBe. OHa npeACxaBJbajy seMjbHiHTa y ko- jHMa cy BojHe onepapnje npHjiHHHo OTOKane TeuiKOM npoxoAHOiuhy CJiatiHM HaceaeM h ocKyAHpoM y cpeacxBHMa h boah (Kynaj). 3. Husnje, AOJiHHe h KOTjiHHe. HH3Hje Ha CaBH h J\ynasy h h>hxobhm jy>KHHM npmoKaMa ca 6pe>Kyji>pHMa h orpaHUHMa HaBeAeHHX njiaHHHa, ripeACxaBjLajy Be.iHKo h Ao6po KyjiTHBHcaHO MmempcKo peMJbmume, xoje ce mojkc ohbhhhth jiHHHjoM TojiySap Ha /(yijaBy—/(ecnoTOBap— Cb. IlexKa —KparyjeBap—Tonojia—BajbeBO—JIo3HHpa. OBaj je npodop ryuihe HacejteH, 6orax y 3eMJbopaAHHHKHM, cxonapcKHM na h HHAy- cxpHCKHM npoHSBOAHMa, KOMyHHKaxHBaH h y cyBO Ao6a npOXOAaH y CBaKpMe npaBpy. Hy, nperaeAHoex je orpaHHneHa MHorofipojHHML rnyMaMa, BHHorpaAHMa, BofcHbapHMa, bhcokhm njioxoBHMa, a, npe 6epC>e, h bhcokhm KyKypy3HMa. HajSoraxHja cy npeAean Manna, HH3Hja H3Me^y AOHbe flpHHe h CaBe, noxoM Tlocanma Koja ce 3HaxHO pamnpyje y3 Koaydapy h pomma Mopaise. no HH3HjaMa cy y mokpo Ao6a roAHHe (npojietie, papo Jiexo h no3aa jeceH) BejniKe nonjxaBe necxe, napoHHxo y MaxBH, 33xhm H a KojiySapn, Ha MopaBH hh3boaho oa CBHJiajHpa (MaxoM ahcho)> h H3Mei)y CMepepeBa h AOH>e MopaBe. IlonjiaBJbeHO 36MJBHU]xe HcyiuH ce BehHHOM jiexn h y jeceH. Y MOKpo Ao6a ahh MHornx penHHX AO-'iHHa nocxany HenpoxoAHa (Jacemipa, JleneHHpa) H hhhc 3HaxHe npenpexe. y noApynjy njiaHHHa HMa hckojimko Befenx h m3h>hx KoxjpiHa Koje cy Meijyco6no cnojeHe pchhhm Ao.iHHaMa. Ha 3anaAHoj Mo¬ paBH Jience nojKeuiKa, ManaHCKa h KpajteBCKa KOXJiHHa, xoje cy Kao h o6jih>kh>h 6pe>iKynn. flpoxoAHOcx je y obhm KOXjiHHaMa OAiexaHa bhcokhm n.aoxoBHAia. Ay6oKo yceneHHM noxopHMa, a y mokpo AoSa h SapaMa. Ha jy>KHoj MopaBH aewe Beaune, KyjiTHBHcaHe, npoxoAHe k nper;ieAHe KOTjmHe oko Hama h AaeKCHHua, Ha HumaBH oko Hh- poia h Eejie naaaHKe. M3Me^y THMOKa h aHHHje MnjajaoBau Ha J\ynaay —CaaTHHa —Sjiot -JlyKOBO npocTHpe ce KyaTHBHCaHO a npoxoAHO 6pe>Kyjb- KacTo 3ej\ubHUJTe ca upHopenKOM kothhhom Ha jyry h HeroTHHCKOM paBHHpoM Ha ceBepy. I^pHopenKa KOTAHHa je jeAaH oa HanpeAHHjnx seMJbOpaAHHHKHX KpajeBa y CponjH y KOMe je, sdor npocTpaHHx Hcnaina h jiHBaAa Ha okojihhm naaHHHaMa, pasBHjeHO h CTonapcTBO. HeroTHHCKaje paBHHpa AeaHMiiHHO ctbaho MoiapHa; Ha H>eH 3Ha i iaj, xao 3eMJbopaAHHHKH h BHHorpaAapcKH Kpaj, Bek je yKa3aHo. Ha CTaBy Cbpahuikoth TproBHHCKorTuMOKa Haaa3n ce oko Ktt,a>KeBua Maine npocTpaHH roptna Thmohkh Ciacei;. BejiHKH 3Hanaj HMajy AoaHHe n Maine KOTJiHHe KojHMa BOAe KOMyHHKapuje 113 AOJiHHe MopaBe y SaceH TuMOKa. To cy aojihhc MaaBe, Pp3e n MopaBHije. Y3 MaaBy, npos ropmaHKy Kancypy, yaa3H ce y KOTaHHy XoMOibe, xoje je - luyMOBHT h, noraaBHTo, CTonapcKH inja koa BpecTOBanKe Ea^e, Haj6oa>a je Be3a oa napakiiHa, AoaHHOM Tp3e, npexo npeceAaHne CToaupe, y AonHHy LjpHe pene. Mcto ce Taxo aohhhom MopaBHpe oa AaeKCHHpa 6e3 Bekiix Te- MJKoka Aoaa3H y npocTpaHy conodaincKy KOTaHHy usMeijy Puna .h 03peHa. /jaa>e ce oa Hmua, npeno npeceAaiiHe TpaMaAe, cnaa3ii y oaceH CBpaamiKor TiiMOKa. npocTpaHa 6oraxa h rycTo Hacea>eHa AOAHHa PecaBe (yuike koa CBHaajHAa) 3arpaijeHa je h3H3a H3BopHiuTa PecaBe KynajcKHM naaHHHaMa canHHO iKHO oa F lupoia. yjuepeno cy Kpacnn: TeMe JaBopa, AeaoBH 3aaTH(5opa 11 Tape, naAHHe jyacuo oa Baa>eBa h Maine napraje CoxoacKe naa- iiiie, Hepa h Baamkka. 29 - y npertejiMAia HanaK—KpajbeBo—KpymeBap—AaeKcaHApoBaii —PeKOBau;—JaroAHKa, KparyjeBap, Paaa—riajiaHKa—BHHna-—Ciwe- flepeBO—BeaHKa Uliana, hctohho oa Ljepa npeMa Ulanpy, now;a- peBap—IlexpoBap, TojiySap, KaaftOBO—Bp3a IlajiaHKa, HeroxHH TJIHHy HHHH MCCUi CCL ZJWHOM. Mhct xyMyc je y MaaBH, Kojiydapa, npepeay Jlyr —Jacemipa h na MopaBH hh3boaho oa BejiHKe IlaaHe, 3axnM, y KOTJiHHaMa oko Hmua, Beae IlaaaHKe h Hnpoxa. CBH GCT3J1H KpajeBH JlOKpHBeHH Cy rJIHHOM. MoieM xoxy MqtiHy npe- npeny h npeACxaBa>a jepaH oa najBa>KHHjHx boachhx nyxeBa EBpone. OBAe feeMo ra pacMaxpaxn y HberoBOM peay oa BeorpaAa ao yurha THMQK3. /lyHaB je y peaow obom Aeay HeodHHHO Mofena upeupena, naje odaaeHecnaja HnjeAaH mocx h Koja je 3HaxHO noeeiiaHa 06- 3hkom ffOJiHHe. OBa je pasHoaHKa y nojeAHHHM opcepfiMa, jep ce AyHaB oa Ba3njama ao BepaHopoBe npodwja Kpo3 KapnaxcKH naa- hhhckh BeHap. Pexa je peryaacana ao Ba3Hjauia caMO MecxHMHpe (Hacann h KaHaan sa OABOAH>aBaH>e Ha JieBoj 06am; HajBefce cy npenpexe naoBHAdn oxKaoHbene), a y npoAopy noxnyHo. Opce/a Beozpap — BasMjaiu. JleBa je odaaa 4—6 Mexapa, AecHa, HH3BOAHO oa CiwepepeBa, 2—3 Aiexpa BHCoxa; xae je Be^ hHHOM raHHOBHxo. PaTHo OcxpBO koa 3eMyHa, ocxpBa koa ilaH- neBa h CMeAepesa, OcxpBO Kao h ocxpBpa hh3boaho oa Ba3H- jauia, 3a BpeMe BeaHKe BOAe, o0hhho cy nonaaBa>ei-ia h Henpo- xoAHa; OHa cy BefmHOM noKpHBeHa ayroBHMa. Bernm Bope hjih bhcoko cTatbe BOAe xpaje o6hhho oa anpaaa ao jyHa 3aKa>yHHo. a aecxo HaAoaa3e n KpajeM oKtodpa h y HOBeMdpy. Hhcko cmawe Bope je oa AepeMdpa ao y BOAe nacxynajy pepoBHO. 30 06/ihk nomiHe: Ha aetsoj CTpaHH npoy3poiy ny.\maMa) BOAe Kao n nocae KpaTKHx KHiua pe.no 3eAUbHLHTe je BekHHOM HenpoxoAHO h pacKpaBJbeHH npn- pOAHH nyTeBH cy HeynoTpe&ibHBii naK h 3a JiaiJin>KH>e 3eA\jbHuiTe HAta aobojbho nyTeBa. M3Meijy CAieAepeBa h yTOKa MaaBe ae>KH Ha yrnky MopaBe, AenHMiipe Aioxpa HH3Hja. Oacek Ba3njaiu —- BepnnopoBa: 6p3HHa je saaTHo noBekaHa n AOce>Ke, Ha hckhm MecTHMa, 4 a 5 MeTapa y cexynAH. fiflo je BekHHOM CTeHOBHTO. J\e CHa je poaHHCKa CTpaHa koa PaMa Bpao BHCOKa h CTpMa; OAaBAe npoxoAHH h KOAiyHHKaTHBHH OpoKynbip npaTe peKy ao F ojiynpa. OBAe nonHHbe Knncypa ca 9 iK pexe. Ha mhothm MecTHMa je, 36or neBpHTHja, npejia3 HeAioryk (OreHKa HcnoA BpH>Hue, ncnoA BepwacKe, I43Jia3-TaxTaaHja, TpeOeH, Jyp koa UJBHHHpe, ToepAan). Opceu op BepnnopoBe ao yiuha Thmoho : npenpexa HMa caHMHe ocoOnne Kao y3BOAHo oa Ea3iijama. Oa >Ke.ne3HHx BpaTa na CBe ao Epajae /tyHas nnje peryjincaH. /jojiHHCKO aho je oShhho cyBO, npoxoAHO h 3700 MeTapa iHHpoKO. /jojmHCKe CTpaHe HHH8 Ojihckh 6ji&vh dejKVJBpH Kojw cy 31 Mac Ha .aeBoj, nac Ha AecHoj CTpaHH bhujh. BejiHKa BOfla HaAO- jiasH y Mapry h Tpaje «o jyHa 3aKJbynHo; hhcko CTa^e BO^e je oa aBryda ao OKTodpa h shmh. npHMKe 3a upem3: MOCTOBa HeMa. Ha hckhm MecTHMa '(OcTpBO, BejiHKO rpaflHuue) nocToje CKeiie ca bbjihkhm Kanapn- xeTOM a H3Meijy Beorpa^a a FlaHHeBa Oflpw:aBa ce pe^OBHa napo- SpoflCKa Be3a. noAH3aHbe noHTOHCKHx MOCTOBa MOHce ce npHAieHHTH caMO npHBpeMeHo h to aKO HeMa BeTpa, H caadHja KOUidBd (aoh>k BCTap, Koja je HajMeiubH 3a BpeMe eKBHHOKpnja) OHeMoryftyje no- AH3aHje MOCTOBa h aoboah noHTOHCKH moct y onacaocT. Koa janor je BeTpa OTewaHO h npedapuBafte Tpyna noMofcy noHTOHCKor MaTe- pnjajia. y "BepAany je npeAa3 HCKJbyneH a Ha penoMe peny, 3a epeMe BeJiHKe BOAe h nonnaBa, BeoMa TewaK hjih yonuiTe Hens- BOA-T)HB. CurypHa ce Be3a MO>Ke Aaxae ycnocTaBHTH caMO meiumM MoemoM. y CBHMa BehHM odajiCKHM MecraMa HMa yjxapnje, dpo- Aapa h paAHe CHare, y mhothm rB03Aenor MaTepnjaJia, a y HajBehHM h caaraanuiTa rpa^e. Oa jicbhx npHTOKa Tpeda HasecTH Tamniu , Koja ca ffy - HdBijeM (pyKaBOM oa Cyppyxa ao OnoBe) HeKaA mohcc hhhhth naoBaH nyT 3a naHTKe naMpe h noHTOHe. IlyTeBa, Kojn BOAe pepn, HMa, yrAaBHOM, caMO y peay oa Beorpapa ao Ba3Hjauia h oa BepanopoBe ao THMOKa. Ohh cy y Monpo Aoda p^aBH. 3toahhx Tanaxa 3a npe;ia3, Ha KojuMa cy SaAOBOTbeHH TaKTHHKH H TeXHHHKH 3aXTeBH, HeMa. 3 naMajHH cy AejioBH npenpexe, Kojn cy yBex Aodpo npHCTynHH. FIpejia3 npeKO /jyHaBa je BeoMa meiuKO npepysehe xoje 3a- xTeBa KopeHHTO npoynaBafte cbhx npnanKa h H3BaHpeAHo TanHy h oncewHy ripunpeMy. ftyHaB y cBOMe Aeay oa Beorpapa ao Ea~ sHjaiua npeACTaBjba BeoMa jaxy o6pah6eny Jimnjy npeMa CeBepy. Casa je, no kojihhhhh BOAe h aoahhckom odanxy, BejiHKa npenpena, Ma pa y moIihocth He AOCTiiwe /JyHaB. KopHTo je Ansae npnpoAe h HMa MHore cnopeA«e pyKase. CaBa y CBOMe Toxy hh3- boaho oa yuifea /jpHHe HHje peryjincaHa. Bejinne Bope, naAOJia3e narao y MapTy, anpnay h Majy, He¬ KaA h H3Me^y cenTeMdpa h OKTodpa, Tpajy 10—14 paHa, pnwy noBpuiHHy BOAe 3a 3 — 6 MeTapa H3HaA HopMaaHor CTan>a h npo- ygpoKyjy npocTpaHe nonaaBe. OBe Tpajy Hepea>y,. ABe, a nonaae- jteHo 3eMJLnmTe ocTaje pBa ao nerapH Mecepa HenpoxopHO. Hhcko 32 CTaae Bope je Jie™ h koa flyrorpajHor Mpa3a. CaBa ce y obom A ejiy peTKO KaA nomyHO 3ajieAH. 3eMJbmuiTie je Ha Jiemj cmpanH paBHO, Haponmo Ay>K Bo- cyTa. Hh3boaho oa Japxa je noicpHBeHO mokphm jiHBaAajwa a se- jihkhm xpacTOBHM myMaAia ca SjiaTttaBHAi TjieM n mhothm 6a- paMa. UpapoAHH cy nyreBii obot npeAeaa y khuiobhto Ao6a 6es AHa. Ten H3H3A SeMyHa oacck cpeMCKe naone npndjiHwyje ce pepn na 4 KHJiOMeTpa. 3eMjbmume Ha pecHoj cmpaHH je y ManBH, Ha Koaydapn h HM3BOAHO oa OcTpy>KHHpe (MaKHm) MonapHO h, ochai y cyeo Ao6a, TeuiKO npojia3HO. MHane je 3eAUbHiiiTe npoxoAHO h HMa ao- BOJbHO nyTeBa. flecHa CTpaHa HaABHcyje aeBy h AOAiHHupa peiKaBaH>e pepn. npnjime 3a npejias: riocTojn caMo >Kejie3HHHKH moct kqa B eorpaAa. Cxeaa HAia Majio, napHHX koa MiixpoBHue h UJanpa (KjieHKa). ra303a HeAia. C o63HpoM na HepeAOBHO CTahbe BOAe, Harpe npoMene, npo- MeHJbHBO KopHTO, nonaaBe h Koiuasy, noHTOHCKH aioct npeACTaB-ffca caAio caa6y Be3y npexo obot A^Jia CaBe. 3a BejimeTpyna. IIoHMsaihe h oppumBawe MoemoBa Ha CaBH CKonaaHO je, AaKJie, ca cjihhhmm TeuiKokaAia ;KH>er 3eAiJHHiHTa, 3HaTHy upenpexy. Mopam: jywna, 3anaAHa h BejiHga MopaBa cy 3HaTHe npe- npexe 3dor kojihhhhc b ope h od/uiKa odaaa h o6jin>Kfber 3eAutHiiiTa. MocTOBa HAia Maao, ra3osa, oceAi npH bhcokoai cian^y BOAe, npw- jihhho. Bejimca Bopa HaA0Jia3H y npoaeke, a HHane h nocae jaxe KHiue. MonapHH pyxaBH, jiHBaAe h jiyroBH OAieiajy npHJia3 pepw. HapoanTo hm3boaho oa CBHJiajHqa. Obhm je npenpexa nojanaHa oco6hto y npoaeke h no3Hy jeceH. Kophto je AMBibe npupope, a naoBHAdy oneAiorykyjy AiHore npenpexe. 33 Thmok ce hh 3 bo£ho ofl 3ajenapa MO>xe ra3MTH caMO Ha Ma.no MecTa. 6. tOiHMa h 3,npaBCTBeHe npmiHKe. KaHMa MopaBCKe odjiacra pa3Anxyje ce flOHeoe oa omwe cycenHHx odiiac™ CpeAH>e EBpone. M3y3eB ceBepHor, paBHHHaeror Aejia, Koja mm 3 eKpecuBHy KJiHMy naHOHCKOr daceHa — BeoMa Tonaa h HecTo TpajHO cyBa JieTa, ca KumaMa y npojiehe h jeceH — ocTajiH Aeo od.nacTH, HapoBHTO Ha 3anaAy oa MopaBe, oajih- Kyje ce BehoM koahhhhom aTMoct{)epcKHX Tajiora pacnope^eHax na csa roAHiua.a Aoda. Bucoxe jieme TeMnepaType cy necTO pasdjiaweHe nocae Kama. Hapowro je xapaxTepHCTHHHa 3a uiy- MaAHCKy KJiHMy Ayra d.iara jeceH xoja ce necTO npoAy>xyje, nocae icpaTxe BJia>KHe h xaaAHe nepnoAe, ao Aieceqa AepeAidpa. y noneTKy h Ha xpajy 3MMe, xaTxaA jom h y jeceH, Ayea XJiaAHa. h cyBa, necTO aeAeHo-xaaAHa, Komasa, orpoMHOM chjihhoai ca yAapnA\a Ha AiaxoBe, BHine Aana, nax jeAHy, abb h tph ceAMupe. Z^ohoch BeApHHy, cyBOTy h xaaAHoEy. .14 axo Hajjana y ceBepHoj IliyAiaAHjH, KomaBa ce oceEa h Ha jyry cBe ao Hmua; ocodino je jaxa y no>xapeBpy m y npeAejiy JjxojH je Ha sanaAy oa BepAana. Chez ocTaje cpa3MepHO Ayro, y HajBHuiHM n;iaHHHaAia, necTO oa OKTodpa ao jyHa. Mazsie cy necTe y bhluhm luyAioBHTHAi npe- Ae.aHAia, HapoHHTo, Ha jyro3anaAy. 3flpaBcmBeHe npnmKe cy Aiaite noBOJbHe. y AtonapHHAi npe- AejiHAiia BJiaAa HacTynHa rpo3HHpa. HajonacHHjn cy AionapH Ha CaBH h KojiydapH, yinEe MopaBe h HeroTHHCxa paBHupa, a noa/ie OTnpan>a BejiHKe BOAe AOJinea JleneHHpe, oxojiHHa no>xere, flupoTa h Bene riajiaHKe. CeAt Tora je necTo pa3dojieBaH>e opraHa 3a AHcatbe ( 3 Hmh) h 3a CBapefte (ne™). CpAOdojba ja&iba ce y ao- .iHHaAia HninaBe, MopaBe h Tonjinpe. 7. KoMyHHKaunje. yiiejiesmiHKe upyze CBe HMajy je/ian, a BekHHOAi Hop.\ia;iHn, xoaocex. >Ke:ie;siiiiHKa npyra Beozpap — Hum, ca xpaxoBHMa 3a Ljapn- dpoA, CAseAepeBO, Kparyjeaau h KpymeBai; nopMaxHor je xojio- cexa. OHa je nocne unete, xojy je npeTpnejia y Toxy paTa, ao- BeAeHa cxopo y ncnpaBHO CTan>e. KpHBHHe cy oiuTpe, dp3HHa Maaa, ciaHHHHa pacrojafoa Bennxa, ycneA Hera je h TpaHcnop-rea. 3 . tc 34 Moh caa6a. Befcn cy oOjeKTH: moct Ha Cpbh, Mat&u moctobh Ha MopaBH h HHiuaBH, 3 Befea TyHeaa jy>KHO op Beorpapa a bh- japyKT nop Punfta. TpaHcnopTHa Mofc 33bhch, y npBOM pepy, op B03H0r napna. LLlTeTe, ycaep nonaaBa, necTe cy. y HCTOHHoj CponjH npyra HopMaaHor Koaocena boah oa IlpaxoBa Ha Ay HaB Y npeno 3ajenapa, KrtaweBpa y Hhiu, Koja je y nocaea^eM peay Tex 1922. roa. 3aBpuieHa a Koja TpeSa pa ce npoay>KH aoaHHOM Tonanpe ao KocoBa, ao npyre CKona>e— MmpoBHHa. Yckot cy Koaocena (076 m): npyra KpymeBap—Kpaa>eBO — ManaK —y>KHpe (npoaywerbe ao SocaHcne npyre, ao BapanuiTa, y paay je); 3adpe>ieBO; MaapeHOBap—JlajnoBap—Ma¬ yan; napahHH—3ajenap; LUa6ap—KoBHa>ana n apyre Kpafce npyre. y paay cy npyre HopMaaHor Koaocena: TonHHpep noa Eeo- rpaaa Maaa KpcHa (Beh nocTojn Be3a Maaa KpcHa—riowapeBap) h npyre ycnor Koaocena: riapahnH—CTaaah n y>KHpe— BapaHiUTe. nyuma Aipeaca je, caMo y hctohhhm cpfinjaHCKHM naaHHHaMa h Ha jyro-3anaay, caa6o pa3BnjeHa a HHane rycTa, a an nyTeBH cy, BehHHOM, caa6or KBaanreTa. Hajaouinje CTaa>e nyTeBa je 3a BpeMe Tona.efta CHera (oa MapTa ao anpnaa), h npoaeTH>HX n jecennix KHUja. Cbh cy nyTeBH y Tony nocaeatfcer paTa 3H3 tho ouiTelreHH h HHCy joui aoseaeHH y ncnpaBHO CTatte. /JpyMOBii y naaHHHH HMajy BeariKH HarnS h oruTpe KpuBHHe, TeMejb h rpa^eBHHCKH nocipoj je caa(5 h HepoBOJbHo oapaHBOCT, 30or npapope Taa, 3aBHCH yecTO oa BpeMeHa. Kowckhx cmcwa HMa HajBHuie y naaHHHaMa; lunpone cy ao 3 MeTpa, 3a noa>CKy apTHaepnjy h Teraehy KOMopy Mory ce dp3o yaecHTH. Kao upeHocHci cpepcmBa caywe aana, aboocobh3 ickom, a HHaae ca BoaoB- ckom, 3anperoM. y naaHHHaMa ce nopea Tora cayjne h ca to- BapHHM KOfteM. Ako pacMaTpaMO KOMyHHKapncKy Mpeacy MopaBcne oOaacTH peaHHH, bhahmo aa aoaHHa MopaBe, Kao Hajrymlie nacea,eH h aj6oa>e odpaijeH npeaeo y cpepHHH peae oOaacTH, caap>KH Haj6oa>e 35 KOMyHHKauHje (aKH 4 a, Manna h Kpaa>eBa caMo ueKOJiHKO APy^oBa h kojickhx nyTeBa boah npeMa ceBepy y Ma- HeBapcKo 3eMJLHmre ceBepHo oa Baaesa, Tonoae a Kparyjespa. njiaHHHe ceBepHo oa 3anaAHe MopaBe y 3HaTHoj cy Mepn oTewaae HapaAy nyieBa. y MaHeBapcKOM 3eMa>nniTy, H3Me}jy /Jp»me n HCTOMHO-Cp6njaHCKHX naaHHHa, MHOFM APyMOBH BOAe BeaHKoj TpaH- cnopraoj .TOHHjH CaBe h /fynaBa. Ha HCTOKy, y 6jih3hhh Syrapcne rpaHupe, a oa AOJMHe Mo- paee mnpoKHM nojacoM nycTHx naaHHHa oABojeHO, Thmohkom ao- -tohom, boah jeAHa >Keae3HHu,a h jeAaH Apy« AO /JyHaBa. Be3a ca AOAHHaMa jy>KHe MopaBe 11 HHiuaBe ycnocTaBJbeHa je ca jeaHOM >Ke.iie3HHnKOM npyrOM h hcthph APy^a. Kao uito ce bham, ycaea ofiaHKa 3eMa,HniTa u npaBpa pen- hmx AOJiuua, HMa AOda KOMyHHKaquja noje H3 yHyTpanntocTH, ca jyra, BOAe CaBH u /JyHaBy. ^pyKnuje je y npaBpy oa 3anaAa HCTony, npeMa SyrapcKoj rpaunuH. /JoaHHy MopaBe npeaa3e, AoaasefeH ca 3anaAa, caMO 4 apy.Ma .{flojKapeBau, CBmrajaap, Tiynpnja u KpymeBau) h naa 6yay 3a- BpuieHe npyre Toannaep — Maaa KpcHa h BapamnTe — y>Kupe, ABe >Keae3HHHKe npyre. Oa obhx, npeiKyiy caMo Tpn Apy^a (flapafeHH — 3ajenap, KpymeBan, — CoKodama — KttaweBan, n KpyuieBau, — Hnm — LJapHdpoa) h, oneT nocae 3aBpmeTKa paaoBa Ha npy3n CTaaah — riapahHH ca npyroM npeKO Hupoia, a^e >Keae3HH4Ke npyre. y neaoj MpejKn, Kao HajBa>KHHje pacKpcHHpe, naaajy y ohh Beorpaa Ha ceBepy h Hhui Ha jyry. y Beorpaay, Ha jeawHOM -MOCTy npeno HHHHje CaBe h flyHaBa, cnajajy ce CBe KOMyHHKapnje ca 3anaaa, jyra h hctokb, a y Hnniy ce paciaBa>ajy nyTeBH 3 a Coayn n Ljapnrpaa. 8. CMeuiTajHe npnanKe. PpaaoBH cy BeiiHHOM eBponcKor mna. Kyhe cy MoaepHe, noKpuBeHe KaMeHHM naonaMa umi ppenoBHMa, jaBHe 3rpaae Be- jiiike h coaHAHO 3HAane. BapoiuHpe ce o(5m 4HO cacToje m 3 raaBHe Mapmnje ca paa- jnaMa, lHKoaoM, ppkbom, jaBHHM 3rpaaaMa h KacjjaHaMa, oko Koje HMa jom HeKoaHKO aodpo 3HA3 Hhx Kyfea. TpaaoBH n Bapoumne say3HMajy BeaHKe npocTope, nouiTo cnopo CBaKa nopoanpa HMa 3* 36 cBojy Kyfcy h dauiTy. OAp>KaBan>e yanu,a je HeAOfioa>Ho. PpaAOBu h BapouiHpe cy HajnoAecHHje 3 a CMeniTaj Tpyna. Aan Kaxo 11 ;< Km a Bpao Maao, jep Befcima CTaHOBHKLUTBa CTaHyje no cejiHM?, Behn 3Hanaj, y noraeAy CTaHOBan>a Bojcxe, HMajy ceaa. Cena MopaBCKe ooaaciH Mory ce, no cBOMe uo.noxajy, no- AeanTH y ABe rpyne. ripBoj rpynn npunaaajy ceaa no' BnciinaMa, nnje cy ier Mdpa h oko MypTeHnpe), /lon>a rpa- HHKa npocTHpan,a ceaa obot noaoaraja noAyAapa ce ao H3BecHc Mepe ca pacnpocTpan>eH>eM ceaa pasSnjeHor rana. OBaKBa cy ceaa HenoAecHa 3a CMeniTaj Tpyna, jep cy oShhho yAaa>eHa h. H3H3A raaBHOr nyTa. Ceaa Apyre rpyne cy y AoanHaMa, japyrama, no A«y KoxanHa n y paBHHKawa. y3Bnuien>a Koja ce Haaa3e H3Met>y AoaHHa yrnaB- hom cy HeHaceaeHa. OBa cy ceaa 36njeHor, necTo HHTaynKor Tnna, n npeMa TOMe 3ay3HMajy Maaw npocTop, Obot noao>Kaja cy ceaa tiimomkot OaceHa (ochm H.einBa-noABopHnpa, Bofen>aK r 3a6paH) oko Kyke. OBaj Tun ceaa cacTaBJheH je AaKae oa M3BecHor Spoja nMan>a Koja cy rpynHcaHa jeAHa nopeA Apyrax. PacnpocTpan>eHa cy noraaBHTo y odaaCTH AHHapcKe cncTeMe. Hmb nx Bnuie TnnoBa. Cmaponnauim man. Obo je raaBHH Tun pa36njei-wx ceaa, PacnpocTparbeH je 3anaAno oa anHwje Kpaa>eBO — Topinn Mn- aaHOBau, — Koay6apa, n3y3eB Manny. OBa ceaa 3ay3HMajy Be- anKy npocTOpnjy, KaTKaAa Ayranny 5—6 km; Aeae ce Ha Kpajeee nan Maxaae n 3aceoKe, Kojw cy OBAe ohab jeAaH 0 a Apyrora 1—2 km yAan>eHH; n nojeAHHe xyfee cy pasAaaeKO. KpajeBH ce 30By, MaxoM, no rnvieHy raaBHe nan HajcTapnje saApyre nan no Tonorpa<})CKOM Ha3Ban»y. Haje peTKO Aa cy Kyke ABajy ceaa s ) KapaKTepacTHKa Hacejba OBe Kao a ocTajiax oSaacTii y 3 eTa je us «eaa Jobcm llmijnh: BaiiKaHCKO nojiyocrpBO y KOMe ce Mory Hatiii jotu n apyra HHTepecaHTHH p,eTan>n. 37 viH>Ke jeA«a Apyroj, aero Kyhe iictot ceaa. H3 Tora H3aa3M p,a je OBaih- saMa h JiHBaAaMa. Hei'Ae je uiyMe TaKO MHoro a nponaaHpH ca ceanMa TaKO cy mhjih %a ce jeABa BHAe. BapHjereTH CTapoBJiauiKor rana cy iiiyMaAHCKa, ManBaHCKa h jaceHHHKa BpcTa. y cejiHMa tuymmcKe epcme Kyhe cy rymhe ycaeA pamheH>a ceaa crapo- BJiauiKor Tana. TAerAe cy nojeAHHH 3aceopa TaKO ojanaHH Aa cy nocraaH caMocrajiHa ceaa; na APyrHM cy MecraMa cpacjra; He- cxaao je H3Meijy h>hx npa3HHX npocTopa h nociajia cy Beanica, socra jeAHOcraBHa ceaa. Bena cy ce pasBnaa y M3BecHy BpcTy ipyMCKiix cena y KojHMa je HajBehn opoj Kyha oko niaBHor nyTa, m Aa mx mm a m oko Apyrnx ceocKHX nyTeBa. MMa Aaa^e uiyMa- AHCKHX cena ca paspeijenviM. nykama , iKHHjer ceocKor nyTa. TIo pacnopeAy Kyha obo cy ppyMCKa cena, naje Kyhe Hncy totobo HMKaA Ha cok3k H3HeceHe, Beh cy yBynene yHyTpa, y uubHBaic. CjiHHHa cy Aanae noMeHyToj bpcth uiyMaAHCKHx ceaa, caMO ce THMe pa3anKyjy, pito cy Kyhe 6mme jeAHa APyroj. MMa pa3aHKe MSAie^y ManBancKe m jaceHHPKe Bpcie. Koa npBe, Ase ce raaBHe yanpe ceia Kyha. y jaceHMHKOM Tnny yanpe ce cacTajy noA opitphm yraoBHMa; ceao MMa 3Be3Aad oCkthk m Kyhe cy 6aH>Ke Hero y ceaHMa ManBancKe Bpcre. Ceaa o6e BpcTe pa3a«Kyjy ce oa ceaa 36Hjepor THna THAie pito HMajy npaBHaHe m Ay-re yanpe, m uito cy Kyhe y ftMMa, H9Ko oaH/Ke, nnaK pa3peijepe. LUto ce TH i ie noAecHOCTH sa KaHTOHOBaH»e, omcbmaho je pa cy ceaa crapoBaauiKor THna pajuenoBoaHiMja y tom noraeAy. y aMMa Tpyne rpeda pacrypMTH no MaaHM AeaoBHMa pa BeaHKoj npocTopHjH, luto QTewaBa 0AP>Ka3an>e peAa h AHcpunaHHe h OMeTa 38 CHadfleBaibe. H 3 a KpaTKa KaHTOHOBafta, Kao npeHohaaiTa 3 * BpeMe MapmeBa, Heno^ecHa cy, jep o6hhho aenee y^aibeHo h bh- coko H3HaA raaBHGr nyTa, ycaeA Hera Tpyne ao OAMopa AopHHte Aoaa3e h Mopajy pamije ah Kpehy Hero uitc je caynaj koaapvm- ckhx ceaa. Cem 3dnjeH02 Tana HHHe cynpoTHOCT nperxoAHHM thhobhmh. Kyfee cy TaKO 3dnjeHe na. ce KaTKaAa jeAHa Ha Apyry HacnaH>ajy. Oko ceaa HeMa npaBHx OKyfcHHpa ca BpTOBHMa, dauiTaMa h h>h- BaMa, hjih, rAe hx hm.3, cacBHM cy Maae. Ceaa oBor rana cy y paBHHpaMa, AoaHHaMa, japyraMa w Ha penHHM TepacaMa, peTKc ce bhcoko nen>y y3a CTpaHe AOJiHHa. CacBviM cy peTKa Ha naa~ HHHaMa h TaAa cy one?: no Any Aoama nan no A»y KpacHHX yaer- Hyha. PacnpocTpaH>eHa cy y hctohhom, psHTpaaHOM h jy>KHOM Aeay BaaxaHCKor IIoayocTpBa. Mwa hx enme ranoBa, oa kojhx ce y MopaBCKoj odaacTH jaBa>a caMO thmohkh ran. Ceaa ooimokkoz mnna 3ay3HMajy hctohhh aco MopaBCKe odaacTH; OAnpnaHKe hctohho oa JiHHHje BeaHKO TpaAntnie —'Ey- npaja—TpcieHHK. y3eTa y pejiHHH HMajy oxpyraacTe u OBaane KaTKaAa h HenpaBmwe ofijime. 36njeHe Kyhe cy de3 peAa jeAHa nopeA APyre nocTaBjbeHe, jep BHjyraBH h kphbh coKapn, y pacnopeA Kyha, He yHoce^npaBHJiaocT. 06hhho y cpeAHHH ceaa na yKpurraH>y BHjyraBHx coKannha HMa Maao Behn npa3aH npocTop, cpeAceao mu 36opH.no; Ty cy ppKBa, necMa, Mexana. CeBepHO oa PTHba cy ceaa THAiOHKor ™na yABOjeHa. ripe HeKojiHKO AeceTHHa roAHHa OBAe ce craHOBHHuiTBo daBHao bhuic cxonapcTBOM, iwaibe 3eMa>onaAH>OM. Oko Maanx 3dajeHHX ceaa y AoaHHaMa dnan cyjfnaunfeaiiH h ansaAe kojh cy noAMupuBaan no- Tpedy CTonapa. Aan, Kaxo je npnpainTaj CTaHOBHHKa duo seaHKH,. to cy ce ohh noneaH CBe BHine daBHTH 3eMa>opaAH>0M, h nauiftaKe cy npoTBopHan y H>HBe. /j a 6h Moran HcxpaHHTH CTaaa, cea>aipi cy noAH3aaH nojaie y naaHHHH h Ty cy npoBOAnan aeTo; to cy caaauiH kctohhc Cpdnje. IlomTO naaHHHe Huey BHcmopaAtbOM. Oko nojaia cy noAH33AH Kyfee h TaKO cy ce caaauiH npeTBopHaH y ceaa. 3HaTaH dpoj CTaHOBHHKa craaHo ce Ty HaeraHHO, aok cy APyrn, Kojn cy ce daBHan h 3eiwa>opaAH>OM h CToaapcTBOM, na caaamHMa npoBOAWHM HajBehn aco roAHHe. OHa Hiiwe noaoweHa ceaa ocraaa cy totqbo nycTa, HapoHHTO 3a BpeMe aeTa. Y h>hx ce cnaa3H caMo Kaa Tpeda odpaAHTH oho Maao OKyiiHHiie. Ceaa thmohkot THnacy Bpao noAecna 3a KaHTOHOBafte xpyna. 39 Kyhe Hacejba MopaBCKe odjiacTH npHnanajy pa3HHM TunoBHMa. fjiaBHa Kyha y iuiaMHCKHM myMOBHTHM npefleaHMa je 6pmapa. Qb 3 je cTajiHa Kyha, oa je^He npocTopnje y Kojoj Baipa ropa. hbuxoBa Hajnpocraja BpcTa je dpBHapa de3 TeMejta; rpeqe TeMe- jbane cy noJio>KeHe Ha 3eMJBn; koa APyrnx HMa TeMejb 3HA3H oa K aMeHa, o6hhho ao nona MecTa H3BefleH H3HaA noBpuiHHe 3eiw- jbHuiTa h Ha itera ce nojiawy TeMejbane. TaBaHa HeMa, kpob je no npaBHJiy ctpm h bhcok, Hapowro y njiaHHHCKiiM KpajeBtma. OH.je oa Aacaxa hjih niHHApe. Oko obhx Kyha cy AmorodpojHe 3rpaAe, xoje cy orpaijeHe ca yjinqe h, oa ociajior HMaita, nnoTOM hjih >khbom orpaAOM. OBaKBe THnciKHBe; y cejio CHjiase caMO o npa3HHHHMa hjih no no3HBy BJiacTH. nojaia y icojoj cejbaqH CTajino >KHBe, no i iHn>e oa R yHaBa h oa Pmy He oAe Aajte Ha jyr. y qejioj MopaBCKoj odjiacTH jaiijbajy ce pa3HOBpcHH hobh THnoBH iKe qa 3.aMeHe h BajaTe h rocTHHCKe Kyhe cxapnx ranoBa. HJto ce BHine imyhCTBO pa- 40 3Bnja, to je CBe bhllic obhx hobhx TiinoBa, a y hckhm o6;iacTHMa cy npeBJiaAaaH nafl cbhmb CTapujHM, Kao y MaaBH, AOH>oj MopaBH h MjiaBH. To cy Kyhe yBex ca 3HAaHMAi Te.wejbOM, oBAe OHfle join oa njieiepii, ami CBe BMiue oa purjie 3HA3He, noiie CTaHOBHHuiTBa je 3eMibopaAH>a Koja je MeCTHMHpe AOCTa npHMHTHBHa. MopaBCKa oOjiacT je BeoMa ooraia cuiokom. ToBeAa h CBHH>a mm a HapoHHTO y sanaAHOM Aeny, a oBapa y mctohhom. Maun koib HCKopHuiliyje ce, norjiaBHTO, Kao TOBapHH koh>; TerjieiiHx KOfta MM a M3JIO, a BO-HOBa MHOTO. rhuemiue h Kyuypysa npoH3BOAH ce tojihko Aa cy BenHKe KOjiHMMHe caoooAHe 3 a H3B03 y Apyre KpajeBe 3eMJi.e na h y hho- CTpaHCTBO. KyiKyjbKacT0M 3eMJbHiiiTy, rAe noToijM ii nsBopn npecyuie. y HH3HjaMa ceBepa boah je p^asa m uueTHa no 3ApaBJbe. y OoraTiijiiM KpajeBMMa (Mopasa, MauBa) HMa amapa, napHHx M/iHHOBa a y rpaAOBHMa u BapouiHuaMa BejiHKHX nempmua. Msy3eB ropoBHTMX KpajeBa rAe, ceM Meca, HMa BeoMa Mano jLyAcice h CTOHHe xpaHe, saBucnhe jiaKJie peKmmunja oa po6a zoflHne h Aafce Ao(5pe pe3y/iTaie oa jyjxa ao jeceHH. Bcahkh abo 41 mm30. me boachhm riyTeBHMa CaBe n /tynaBa Ha KojHMa Hjwa BeH hx c.iaraamiiTa MopaecKa odjiacT je Taxo^e doraTa Mmepci/iHUM omzom (rBOKije, yrajb., daxap). HHaycmpnja je TeK y noBOjy, a KyheBiia HBAycTpHja je BeoMa pa3BHjeHa. riojeAMHOCTH naBeuiheMO y sa- ceoHOM oflejbKy o HapoAHoj npHBpejJH. II. CEBEPHA BOCHA. 1. OnuiTH nperjieA- Ilpo(j)ecop r. JosaH LjBHjnh onucyje OBy odjiacT y cbomg ae.'iy „BajiKaHCKO nojiyocTpBO“ OAnpHjiHKe OBaKo: CeBepHa BocHa je, ia naHOHCKor daceaa. Oa Oone, CapajeBa h ByrojHa 3eMJi>nuiTe je, yr.aaBHOM, HarayTo ca jyra na ceBep; npeMa naHoncicoM daceHy xexy CBe BejiHKe docanciy npy- »tajy, Kao y Cpdnjn aojihhc Kojiydape, MopaBe, MaaBe h rieKa. HnjeAHa oa BeaHKHx docancKHx pena He yi-nae rano peHTpa;iH- [.uyliH Ha najBehH Aeo Bocae Kao liito je cjiyaaj ca MopaBCKOM AOAHHOM y Cp^HjH. rijiaHHHe y Bochh cy Beknx BHCHHa Hero y MopaBCKoj odAaCTH. Bocna je myMOBHTHja Hero h jejuna Apyra noKpajHHa KpajbeBHHe Cpda, XpBaia h CnoBeHapa. reoAoiuKH cacTaB Bocne je BeoMa paaHOAHK. llopeA CaBe jaBJba ce: rpanHT, KpucrajiacTH najieo3ojCKn uiKpujbpH, o a ko j hx ce AySoKo npe.wa jyry npywajy MAalje creHe, aanopn, nemaapi^ xoar.’ioMepaTH, necKOBH. Ocodmo cy Ba>KHe OHe napTHje obhx cieiia, 3a Koje cy Be3ana MHoro6pojHa Hajia3HuiTa yraa. Oa npn~ JiHKe Ha ynopeAHHKy /jodoja noHHH>y CTapHje ciene, cepneHTHHe h Apyre 3ejieHe CTeHe ca uiKpHAbpHMa, jianopHMa, nemnapHivia h jiartopHTOBHM KpeHH>apHMa y KojHMa cy OBAe-OHAe oneT daceHM v..TskHX CTena ca ynbeM, h t3kbo seM-XHiiire Aonupe ao CapajeBa. 42 EpynTHBHHx cieHa HMa MHoro Matbe Hero y MopaBCKoj odjiacrw. HajBeha rwixoBa Maca je Ha Aphhh oko CpefipHHpe, rRe ce jaB/bajy TpaxHTHe cTeHe ca py^aMa h MHHepa/iHHM n3BopnMa. Ochm yrj*>a, ceBepHa BocHa je Haponmo fioraTa pyjjaMa >Kejie3a. CeBepHa BocHa je 3eMjbopaRHH4Ka 3eMJba oko CaBe, a Ha- BHiue 3eMJba uiyMa, CTonapcTBa h pyfla, jep cy npocTpaHHja noa>a HaBHme Bpjio peTKa. Ta 3ejieHa h uiyMOBma BocHa Soraia pe- KaMa h H3BopnMa, Kojy cmo Ha3BaaH ceBepHa BocHa, npeciaje Ha HexoTHHH h jyjKHoj hbhph CapajeBCKor nojba, Ha MBaH-iuia- hhhh, Ha BpSacy h jiHHHjw Ean>a Jlyxa — CaHCKH Moct — Boc. Hobh. Tex c OHe CTpaHe OBe Me^e HacTajy xpiuHe, roae, cyee ie hjih BHuie TaHax caoj KpenifeaKa jiokh Ha HenponycTJbHBHM CTeHaMa; y H>eMy ce norjiaBHTO ^paa- BHjajy MarbH xpacHH o6jihhh 6e s KpacHHX nojba. 2. IljiaHHHe. Or flHHapcKe ofijiacTM Ha jyro3anaRy orpatjeHa je cesepha BocHa Bpjio npocTpaHHM Kpe4H>a4KHM BucopaBHHMa h rpeSeHHMa Ha KojHAt je nojaBa Kpaca Bek Aocia pa3BHjeHa. To je t. 3b. 3a- naAHO-docaHCKH icpac ca TpMen njiaHHHOM, Upbjhhbhiaom, Cp«e- thpom, LUaTopoM, BirroporoM, PaAomoM, JbydymoM, BpaH-mia- hhhom h Mbpchhh,om, Koje ce rpaHajy Ha HCTOKy ao Cane, ropiter Bp6aca a Bocne. A jy>KHO or CapajeBCKor riojta noAH>Ky ce, H3Meijy roprbe HepeTBe h flpHHe: TpecxaBHpa, BjejiauiHHpa, JlejiHja, JleSpuiHHK h Bojiyjax, BHCOKe xpenibaHKe njiaHHHe. 0He CBe npHnaAajy xpacHoj RHHapcKoj oSjiacTH or xoje, cBojoM tcuikom npoxoRnowky, ORBajajy 3eaeHe h borom 6oraie KpajeBe cesepHe BocHe. OBa ce, H3y3eB MaitHx npeRejia, y 3HaTHoj Mepn na raj hbhhh pa3XHKyje or nycTHx kpuihhx KpajeBa j.-3. or jiHHHje Q4a Baiiy Kajy Beowa pa3y^eHe h pa3rjbaHaTe, H3Meijy RyPoKHX h necTO ysaHHx peHHiix 6pa3Ra jjpiwe, Bochc, Bp6aca, Cane h YHe ro HH3Hje Ha CaBH. One, ca He3HaTHHM H3y3eTHHMa, MMajy uiHpoKe, oxpyrjie ofjjinKe, necro CTpMe naRHHe h AySoxe, OBRe-OHRe CTeHOBHTe Kjwcype. FIjiHfpK xpac (6e3 KpacHHX nojta h pexa noHop.iHiia) jasjta ce or nosie- HyTe BORORejiHHpe Ha hctok ro JMHHje BjiaceHHpa — BpaHRVK (na Bochh) — Easta Jlyna. nojeflHHH ^ejiOBH obhx naaHHHa cy (noneBuiH Ha ceBepo- sanajiy): y XpsaTCKOj: Ilempom zopa (507 m), cesepHO oa ropH>e DiHHe h 3pimcha zopa (615 m) 3anaAHo oa KocTajHHue. Ode ce OAJiHKyjy doraTHAi Hajia3HiuTHAia pa3HHX pyAa. Flo BejiHKOAi >Kejie3opyAHOAi doracTBy HAia CBoje HAie Maj- WHcm unamma (650 ai) H3Aieljy Aoa>e YHe h CaHe. OHa je jeAHOM 6pa3AOA\ KpacHHX nojba (KjbyH Ha CaHit — Boc. Kpyna Ha Yhh) OABojeHa oa KpuieBHTe bhcophbhh TpAieaa. Ha H>oj HeAia hhk3kbhx dojbHX KOMyHHKapHja. y 6 ;ih3hhh HSBopa CaHe, koa Kjbyna, nonnibe nojac cnoAie- HyTHX CTapnjHx CTeHa, mKpHJtapa, Kojn je HAyiiH j.-H. CBe mnpn Aocewe HajBehy uiHpHHy h BHCHHy H3Aieljy ropier Bpdaca h Bochc h 3aBpmyje ce Ha HBaHy (967 At). To cy t. 3b. Bocauche Pypne rijiaHHHe. Th LUKpHJbI(H HHHe BetiHHOAl HHCKe, AO/IHHaAia BeOMa pamnaafteHe cpeAH>e ruiaHHHe, Koje cy y aoh>hai AeJiOBHAia noKpn- BeHe rycTOAi myAioAi a y bhujhai naimbapHAia. Tex Ha j.-H. noAH>Ky ce BocancKe PyAHe naaHHHe ao Beknx bhchh 3 y 3euy (1770 m) IIJammy, Bpannm (2107 ai) h Bnmomnju (1700 ai). Eoji>hx ko- AiyHHKapHja HAia Aiaao. HajBa>KHnja KOAiyHHKapwja je ApyM y3nym- Hor npaepa oa Kibyna Ha Cbhh y Jajpe Ha Bp6acy h Aaae ao- jihhom Bpdaca ao Topiter Baxyijm h npexo npo3opcKor ceA.ua (1123 ai) y AOJMHy PaAie. Oa Te ce KOA'yHHKaipije, Koja je oa J ajpa ao ByrojHa npafceHa >Keae3HHHKOAi npyroM ycKor KOJiocexa,. oABaja APyM h >xejie3HHpa: /(oh>h BaKycj) — TpaBHHK. npexo MfiaHa boah ApyM h >Keae3HHpa H3 CapajeBCKor nojba y AOJiHHy HepeTBe. Ha MBaHy ryde ce iiJKpHJbpH hciioa KpenitaKa h jaBJbajy ce Ha noBpiuHHH Tex Ha ,Hphhh H3Aieijy Topa>KAa h 3>0He, rAe hhhc HHCxa nodplja Aieljy bhuihai xpenibaHKHM naaHHHaMa. KpenaapH, nonniby na HBaHy, HHHe npocipaHe KpentbanKe ruiaHHHe ihto cy npHTOKaMa HepeTBe h /jpHHe noAejbeHe Ha He- kojihko bhcokhx BHeopaBHH Koje ycjieA, KpacuHx nojaBa (Bpiana, nefeHHa h xpacHHx H3Bopa), panyHaAio y AHHapcKy o6jiacT (Tpe- CKaBHpa, BjeaamHHua, Jleanja h Bo^yjax). /(ajbe npeAia Hdoxy, H3Aieljy roptbe BocHe h ropibe /(phhc,, noAHwy ce HCTonHo-docaHcxe xpenibaHKe naaHHHe h to jy>KHo ofl CapajeBa rojia Jaxopuna (1913 ai) ca TpedeBnkeAi, hctohho oa Capajeca PoManuja (1630 ai) h npeAia HCToxy JJemmoK n JaBOp (3.TOBpx 1526 ai) Kojn ce npywa ao J\pmmor 3aBHjyTihxoboai cy caciaBy, nopefl KpenitaKa, h pa3HH mKpHjLpH h Apyre deae. Kpac je cnopaAnnaH, naHTaic naaHHHe cy 3apaBH>eHe h H3Mei?y h>hx cy Aydoxe AonHHe noA no- jbHMa, jmsaflaMa h luyMaMa. y peaoM obom npeaejiy, 3dor 3riaaaja Kojn je Taj iKeae3HHHKa npyra ycxor ie ce oABaja ao^Hhom JlHMa npyra 3a yBap. ripeKO PoAiaHHje boah APyM (1382 m) Kojn ce pansa 3a BaaceHHpy h PoraTHpy- BnoierpaA. /(ojihhom Mimapxe boah, Apyw sa TopajKAe — Maj- HHne — EljbeBJbe, a aohhhom /(pane oa ycTunpaae npeno TopawAa h (Pone Apyw y KajinnoBHK Kojn je, nopeA Tora, APywoM npeico TpHOBa cnojeH h ca CapajeBOM. nawTicoM Kpacy npanapa join Bnaumh, naaHHHa H3H3A Tpas- HHKa. OHa ce noAH>Ke ao 1919 m h onapa ctpmo Ka JlamBH h Bpdacy. CeBepHO oa EocaHCKHx pypHnx naaHHHa h PoMaHHje npyuca ce uiHpoK nojac nemnapa, aanopa h KOHraoMepara, Kojn 3axBaTa CKopo peo Kpaj ao CaBe h cannihaBa HajnaopHHjH a Hajrymiie nacea>eHH npepeo BocHe. OBaj nojac Maafjnx CTeHa, Meijy KojHMa HMa pocTa epynTHBHHX, pa3y^eH je de3dpojHHM poaHHHpaMa y MHora nodptja h naaHHHe cpep^e bhchhc v oKpyranx odnHica, a noKpHBeH je rycTHM, dapHM rnyMaMa. HoHHHbe BeK y XpBaTCKOj H3Meljy AOH>e Kyne h Aoifce yHe. Ha docaHCKOM ray, H3Meijy AOH>e yHe h AOHber Bpdaca, noAH>Ke ce: Ko3apa naaHHHa (978 m), paa>e npeMa j.-H. Y3AOMai(, H3Meljy ycope, BocHe h BpdaH>e Bopja naaHHHa (1007 m), H3Met>y BocHe h poH>e Cnpene Ospen, H3Me^y KpnBaje h BocHe Stmje.sna (1471 m) h ns.Meljy KpHBaje h CnpenKor FIon>a Kowyx (1332 m). CeBepHO oa Cnpeaxor rioa>a Haaa3H ce Majetmifa (916 m), imuTe je HcnpecepaHO mhothm AoaKHaMa h H3odnayje boaom. Ap bo j e rjiaBHH H3Bop JbyACKora oncTaHKa. Odpa^yjy ce je^HHO ao iHHCxa Ana h HajHH>KH AeaoBH dpaHa, 3aTHM sapaBiteHe HCKpneHe napTHje no njiaHHHaMa. /(oahhom EocHe Bo^e HajBa>KHnje komv HHKaijHje. Ob3kbo ce 3eMjbHuiTe npoay>Kyje na hctok ao /(pane. Oa KaaAH>a Ha jyr nonutbe npeBaatjHBaTH MeTHHapcxa uiyMa. MajeBHua h 3eMA>HinTe oko n>e HeodHHHo je pa3yijeHO. 143- Meijy MHorcdpojHHx AOAHHHpa npywa ce hhtab cnaeT TaHKHX Koca. CBe je seaeHo oa Kyjuypa a HaponuTO oa myMa ahcha- Tor APBeha. ElpeAeo H3H3A SBopHHKa 30Be ce Bapan, a H3Meljy Cpedp- HHpe h BHmerpaAa, y3 /(pHHy, Haciaje npeAeo Ocam. nojM.ibMdo je ab je nyTHa Mpeata y obom nojacy, He cyBHiue bhcokhx am jarco pa3ytjeHHx naaHHHa, caado pa3BHjeHa; doa>Hx KOMyHHKapnja HMa yrjiaBHOM caMO no AOAHnaMa. 143 H3ao>KeHor ce bhah Aa HajBHuie bhchhc ae>Ke H3Met>y ropier Bpdaca h ropite Bocne (BpaTHHpa 1900 m h BaamHii 1500 m), y naaHHHaMa na ode CTpaHe Kpusaje (1200 m) h Hano- caetKy j.-n. oa JiHHHje Baacemma— CapajeBO (PoMaHHja 1350— 1600 m h BHeopaBaH oko KouiyTHije 900 m). H3Metjy Kpyne h ripHjeAopa, Kao h cefiepHO oa yAOJiHHe npnjeAop — Baaa Jlyxa — Bpdaca — Ycopa — cnpenKa aoahhh Hajia3e ce, ocew Ko~ 3ape h Majeeupe, caMO nodptja h Spewyjfcpw. 3. PaBHHHacTO aeMjbHiuTe. CapajeBeuo Flojbe je oko 500 m bhcoko, 10 km luhpoko h Ayro, a KaHajiH30B3Ho je, CTora nonaaBa HMa peTKO. rioibe je Aodpo odpaljeno. PauiHpeH>e APanae Bpdaca, t. 3b. Cuoa/be, H3Metjy TopH>er h Softer BaKytjm je Aodpo KyamBUcano. CupeHKO nojbe (200 m bhcoko) caMO je y hctohhom Aeay h Ha HBHpaMa Aodpo odpaijeHO. y npoaehe h jecen HajBehHM je 46 flejiOM nonJiaBJteHo. riojac Ay® Cnpeae je dapoBHT h noKpHBeH jiHBaflaMa a AyroBHMa. FIpoxoahoct je h y cyBo flo6a orpaHMneHa n.iOTOBHMa h poBOBHMa a nperaeAHocT OMeTaHa ApaeheM. Epe>Kyjbihm to- KOBHMa YHe, Bpdaca h yxpHHe, 3araM npocipaHy paBHHpy flo- caBHHe oa CBHJiaje Ha Cabh ao Pane na ymtiy /jpHHe a CeM6e- pujy, paBHHuy oko EnjejbHHe h JaH>e, Koje ce Ha jyry npocmpy ao jiHHuje /jepBeHTa — Moaphh — FpaAanap — Jatba. Tae je inpHHpa n rjMHa ca necKOM h noKpHBeHO je ASAHMHpe MonapHOM h rycTOM, leuiKO npoxoAHOM, uiyMOM hjih bbHBaMa. OBe cy orpaijeHe iiaoto- BHMa hjih poBOBHMa. LUyMHije, ApBehe, wdyibe, h, Jiera, bhcokh K yxypy3H OMeTajy nperjieAHOCT. PaBHH npeaejiH Ay® peiKHTHHpe h MJbHBapcKH KpajeBH EocHe. Oa JwaHiHx paBHHiacTHx npeaejia Tpeda HaBecTH kotahhc oko BncoKor, 3eHHpe, >KenHa, Maraaja h /joooja Koje cy cnojeHe cyTeCKHMa EocHe. 4. ripoxoAHOCT, nperjieAHOCT h opiijeHTiicaibe. noAPyaje cpeaibHX naaHHHa, y norjieAy noKpHBaaa, npoxoa- hocth, KOMyHHKaTHBHocTH h KyATypHor HHBoa, pa3AHKyje ce OA nodpija, dpe>KyjbaKa h HH3Hje. CpeAfte iuiaHHHe HMajy Ay^oKe KJiHcype, BpAO CTpMe naAHHe a npocipaHe uiyMe (y bhhihm, cjiado npncTynHHM acaoehma tciuko npoxoAHe rycie npamyMe). OHecy CTOra BetiHHOM Teuixo npoxoAHe, CAado HacejbeHe h decnyrae (HMa CKOpO HCKJbyHHBO C8M0 KOHbCKHX CTa3a). y dpAOBHTOM, dpewyjbKaCTOM H paBHHHaCTOM 3eMJbHUITy uiyMa je nappeAHcaHa a HbHBe h AHBaae npeBAafjyjy; obh cy npe- AeAH CTora h dojbe HacejbeHH, npoxoAHHjn, KOMyHHKaTHBHHjn h dorarajH. y uiyMOBHTHM npeaeAHMa je upezjiepHOCm cacBHM OMeieHa m opajeHTHcafte BpAO TeiHKO. TAe hhhh rAHHa. /jyroTpajHe KHUie (norAaBHTO y npoAehe, paHO AeTO h jeceH) 0Te>KaBajy Kpeiaibe Tpyna h KOMope no npH- Poahhm nyTeBHMa y 3HaTHoj Mepn h HH>Ke noAO>KeHe AHBaae HHHe TeiHKO npoxoAHHM. 47 5. Pene Kao npenpene. CaBa h n>eHe npHTOKe nepnopHHHo nomiaBJbyjy BejiHKe npepeae ceBepHe BocHe, op Kojnx cy H3BecHn peaoBH CTajiHO mo- i iiapHH. CTora iuto je xpBaTCKa odaaa MecTHMHpe 3aniTHkeHa Ha- CHnHMa, oTnoneTH cy k y Bochh Bekn 3auiTHTHH papoBH Ha Cbbh, ynw, Bochh h Aphhh. PkmiyHO pery;nicatt>e obhx pexa pocapa HHje ohjio Moryke 36or bcjihkhx TpoiuxoBa. CaBa je op Cncxa po yioxa /J,pHHe 3HaTna Kao npenpeKa yoep KOJiHHHHe Bope h npHpope odjiHaoter 3eMJbHuiTa. Kopnmo je pHBJbe npHpope h HMa MHore cnopepHe pyxaBe; peryjiHcafte je oTnoneTo. BemiKe Bope Hapojia3e Har;io y MapTy, anpwiy h Majy, necTO h H3Metjy cenTeMdpa h oKTofipa, Tpajy 10—14 paHa, pH>Ky noBpuiHHy Bope 3a 3—6 MeTapa H3Hap Hop- Majinor CTafta h npoy3poKyjy npocTpaHe nonjiaBe. OBe Tpajy He- pejby, pBe; no orapaH>y BOAe ociaje nonjiaBJteHo 3eMJBHiuTe 6a- poBMTO h .mo nap ho jeAaH po nerapn Mecepa. Hhcko cmawe nope je .rieTH h 3a BpsMe pyroTpajHHx Mpa30Ba. CaBa ce, y obom peay CBora TOKa, HHKapa cacBHM He 3a;iepH. PaBHO 3eMjbmume ceBepHo oa CaBe HMa MHore 6ape h pexe, h npocTpaHe MonapHe myivie, ycnep nera je y mokpo po6a ropHHe npa6^H>KaBafte pepn Moryke caMO no HacyTHM ppyMOBHMa. flpH- poAHH nyteBH cy y to po6a HeynoTpedjbHBH. 3eMJbHHiTe H3Mei>y AOH>er BocyTa H CaBe BeoMa je MonapHO. /l,ecHa odajia je Me- CTHMHpe BHma oa JieBe. Odaae cy BHcoKe ao 10 MeTapa, cTpMe m r.TiHHOBHTe. km, y HH3HjaMa, Ha yuiky pecHHx npnTOKa, o6jihk 3eM.T>HmTa je hcth Kao h Ha neBoj CTpaHH. npnsime 3a npem3 HajBekiiM penoM cy pljaBe. ra30Ba HMa, npn hhckom CTafty BOAe, caMO y ropaeM peay. Cnejia HMa AOCTa, MoemOBa Majio (CncaK, JaceHOBap, rpapHuiKa, EpoA, IllaMap h Bpnko). IloAH3aHbe MOCTa BeoMa je OTewaHo ycnep pljaBHx npn- nasa, nonnaBa h 3dor KOinaBe, a 3a BpeMe BejiHKe BOAe HeMoryke. JJecHe npnmoKe CaBe. Omumn mpaKmep. Crnawe none BeoMa je HepepoBHo, 6psma y noApynjy njiaHHHa Bpjio BejiHKa (Bpdac, APHHa), o6ane' y njia- HHHaMa BeknHOM CTpMe h cTenoBHTe, ponrne cy h;ih y 3 aHe h py- 6oKe (YHa, Bp6ac), hjih hh3 cyTecKH h pauinpeita (BocHa, AP HH ^ Be.imce Bope HaAojia3e y npojieke h jeceH, Kapa ce Beke pexe He Mory ra3HTH. y aok>hm TOKOBHMa npenpexa je nojanana nonna- BaMa h MonapHHM 3eMJbHinTeM. Mochiobh cy, ceM na Bochh, peTKH. 48 npHJiHKe 3a npejia3 cy Ha aohmim xoKOBHMa obhx pena, HapoMim> 3a BpeMe BeaHKe Bope, HenoBOJbne. Ymi ce MOHKe peTia necTO h Harao CTarbe boac h hh3boaho oa ,( & - doja nonaaBa>yje npocTpane npeAeae. Kaa je hhcko CTa^e boao M owe ce ra3HTH Ha HeKHM MecTHMa. Hh3Boaho oa Maraaja je cnaaBHa. Cupena. HpenpeieM bhcokhm, ctchobhthm odaaaMa. Itpima je oa 3Hanaja 3dor odaHKa AOJiHHe h odaae h 3dor KoaHHHHe BOAe. Koparo je HenpaBHaHO, odaae y ropiteM tokv h koa 3BopHHKa CTeHOBHTe a imane bhcokc h CTpMe. BeaHKe boac HaAoaa3e y npoaeke h jeceH, Tpajy HeKoaHKO aana, MeH>ajy kg- Phto h, y AoiteM tokv, nonaaBa>yjy ocTpBa h odaH>KH>e 3e.\t- ■ibHune. /(pnHa ce hhksa, He 3aaeAH. flonma je ao BajuHe Bamxe y3aHa, necTO irancypacTa ca 800 m bhcokhm, MecTHMHpe ctcho- bhthm CTpaHaMa. MaH>Hx KOTanHa HMa oko 4>o<-ie, YcTHKoaHHe, Topa>KAa h BnuuerpaAa; hh3boaho oa BninerpaAa HMa jom HeKO- anKO pauiHpeffca cnojeHnx cyrecka-Ma, a koa 3BopHHKa Haciaje 2—4 km uiHpoKa AoaHHa Koja ce koa Jait>e oxBapa y Ce.MdepHjy ra30Ba HMa rAerAe sa BpeMe hmckot CTaita BOAe, a moctobu caMo y3BOAHO oa BnmerpaAa (koa BHuierpafta, Me^e^e, ropa>KAa h. 4>one). npiumne sa npems cy 3dor OBAe OHAe iienpoxoaHor odanjKHjer 3eMa>HuiTa, bhcokhx h ctchobhx odaaa, BeaHKe dp3HHe h npoMeHa>HBocTH KopHTa ptjaBe. Flopmatbe mocmoBCi je y naa— HHHaMa MOry he caMo Ha TanKaMa Ha KojHM KoacKH nyTeBH npn- aa3e pepH. 6. KaiiMa n sppaBCTBeHe npnaHKe. Ycaep Tora mxo cy poaHHe npeMa ceBepy oxBopeHe, npc- cipaHH npepean noKpHBeHH uiyMOM, 3eMa>HmTe HAykn jyry cse BHiue h peaa ceBepHa Bochh npeMa Mopy bhcoko 3arpaijena. KaHMa je oiumpuja Hero y ApyrHM KpajeBHMa Ha HCtoj reorpatjicKoi 49 iunpHHH 10 ). KapaKTepHCTHHHe cy Hanie npoMene y monnomn Kcje cy rniaK Man>e Hero y Kpacy n ). 3nM.a je cypoBa h aohoch MHoro CHera. Y npeAe/iHMa bhihhm oa 500 Meiapa, AOKJie y BeheM neny BocHe, CHer nonuse «a nafla Beii y OKToOpy h jaBJLa ce HeKa# joui y cpeAHHH Maja. IYponehe (anpuji, Maj) je KpaTKO, npoMeHjtiiBO, ca mhoco KHoie h flocia xaaflHHX AaHa, nemo y ropoBHTHM KpajeBHMa yMepeeo Tonao, y noneTKy BJia>KHo, am hh AopHuje HHKa# cacBHM cyBO. Jecen (cen- TejwSap, OKToOap) je jiena, ca cjiafisiM boachhm TajioroM; TeK y no3Hy jeceH HMa Bnuie KHiue (CHera). Maraa je, npeKO pejie ro- AHHe, necTa. IlpeMa TOMe cy ouepapnje 3hmh y bhuihm npepeaHMa oTe- >KaHe cypoBOM kjihmom h bcjihkhm CHeroM, y MapTy, anpHJiy, npw npajy OKTodpa h y HOBeMdpy bhcokhm CTatteM so^a h no- n/iaBaMa, Kao h pijasHM CTaobeM npHpoAHHx nyTeBa h c/iadoM npoxoAHomhy. Y bhuihm rmaHHHaMa CHer jie>KH 6—7 Meceun. 3flpaBcmBene upunme AOCTa cy noBOJLHe. Pa3doJieBau>a cy Hajueurka y jyjiy h aBrycTy, a Hajpeija y cenTeMdpy, OKTodpy h HOB eMdpy. TposHupa ce jaBJha y MOHapmiM fleaoBHMa IlocaBHHe. Heuifce dojiecTH cy THijiyc h ppeBHH KaTapu. 7. KoMyHHKauHje. }Keji£3HHHKe upyze cy bcshhom ycKor Koaocexa. HopMajiHor cy KOJioceKa: npyra Cyu>a — Bau>a Jlyna k KpaTKe Be3e npeKO CaBe koa BocaHCKor BpoAa h EpuKor. CBe ysaae npyre AP>KaBHe, jioKauHe, HHAycrpHCKe h uiyMCKe, HMajy Ko^oceK oa 76 cm. rnaima upyza je Bpoa — Capaje.BO—Milan (ca npoAy>KeffceM npeKO MocTapa y MeTKOBHfc, Tpyw h 3eaeHHKy). Ha OBoj npy3H Tpeda, y norjieAy TpaHcnopme Mofcn, pa3JiHKOBaTH Aea Aeaa, ceBepHH h jy>KHH Aeo oa CapajeBa. Ha npy3H oa Bpopa po CapajeBa H3pa^enH cy aoh>h nocTpoj h odjeKTH 3a HopManuH kojiocck, KojeMy oAroBapajy h ycnoH h KpaBHHe. npyra oa CapajeBa npeKO Meana y Mocmap njiaiiHHCKa je >Kejie3HHpa ca MuorodpojHHM mo- CTOBHMa, TyHeaHMa (TyHea Ha MBaHy HMa 600 m Ay>K«He h 876 m BHCHH e) h 3ynuaHHu,OM Ha MBaay Koja yc/iOBJbaBa ynoipedy HJiaHHHCKHX JIOKOMOTHBa H Aeody B030Ba. 10 ) CapajeBO jie>KH CKOpo 3a 4 CTeneHa jywHuje h 3a oko 350 m Biinie oa Beaa a HMa CKopo HCTy cpeAfty TeMnepaTypy Kao ii Ben. n ) PoraxHpa HMa pa3JinKe y toiwiotii 3a 090 4 50 Oft oBe rjiaBue npyre oABajajy ce npyre: /(odoj—Ty3jia— Chmhh XaH, Ycopa—npn6nHnh (npHBaTHa), 3aBHAOBHfcH—XaH nnjecaK (npHBaTHa), JIamBa— /Joh>h BaKy(|)—Jajpe h #oh>h BaKy —ByrojHO, no/yiyroBH—Bapeui (AP>KaBHa HHAycrpHCKa), CeMH3o- Bap—MBaHBHpa, CapajeBO—Meljeija—BapAHniTe h Me^eija—yBap. Oa cbhx obhx npyra ode nocpeAfte cy HajBa>KHPje. Ilpyra 3 a Bapmuime, BeoMa xeuiKa npaHHHcxa >Kepe3HHpa, cnaja ce capa KpaxoM BapAHime—y>Kape ca cpdpjaHCKOM Mpe>KOM ycxor KOJioceKa, a npyra 3a yBap Mowe ce cpa3MepHO KpaTKHM KpaKOM cnojnTH ca Kocobckom Mhtpobhpom. Tpaca peae npyre CapajeBO —yeaii H3paijeHa je 3a HopMajmn Kopocex (ycnoH, KpHBHHe) apn oOjeKTH n aoh>h nocTpoj 3a y3aHH. HMa BeoMa MHoro odje- xaTa (98 TyHena n 23 rapepnje ca yxynnoM py>KHHOM oa 14 km) y cyiecxaMa Mn^apKe, npane h /(pHHe. CBe OBe npyre cy cophaho H3pal?eHe, HMajy >Kepe3He mo- CTOBe h npocTpaHe CTaHHpe. Ho noniTO cy BekHHOM npaHHHCKe >Kepe3Hnpe, BeoMa cy noAPOHme BpeMeHCKnM HenoropaMa (Beja- BHpe, nonpaBe). Oa HHAycTppcKHx h uiyMCKHx >Kepe3HHpa, nopep Bek HaBe- AeHHX ycopa— nppOnHnh, 3aBHAOBHkn— XaH rinjecaK, HMajy Bekn 3Hanaj npyre: npnjeAop —CpHeTHpa — Khhh h CpHeTHpa — Jajpe. y uymnoj Mpexcn Mory ce pa3PHKOBaTH: rpaBHH h oxpy>KHH ApyMOBH, KOH>CKe CTa3e h onnjTHHCKH nyTeBH. TpaBHH h OKpywiHK ApyMOBii cy BeoMa cophaho H3pa^eHH (5 oahocho 4m ihhpokh) h CT aPHO cy OApwaBaHH y AodpoM CTap>y, Mpe>Ka APyMOBa h kopckhx nyTeBa Morpa ce HapoHHTO pa- 3 bhth y ceBepnHM npepeaHMa v kojhm nodpija h 6pe>Kyp>pH He HHHe HHKaKBe npenpexe, h y npaBpy npeMa jyry KyAa ce AOPHHaMa MHorpx CaBHHHX npHTOKa AyfioKo Mowe ypa3HTH y npaanse. HajBHme BeuiTanKHx ppyMOBa HMa H3Mei?y CaBe h PHHHje Boc. Hobh—B afta Jlyxa—flodoj—Ty3Pa—3 bophhk h y npeAepy CapajeBO—Oona—BHuierpap. H3Meljy obhx npeAepa pe>KH 30Ha cpeA&Hx npaHHHa Kojy npepa3e caMO Hexe KopeKe KOMyHHKapnje h y Kojoj je KOfbcna cma3a Hajaeuika KOMyHHKapnja. Kojickh up up o mu uymemi ce Mory, 3dor BePHKor ycnoHa h BePHKe saBHCHOCTH oa npapope Tpa (rPHHa) h BpeMeHa, ynoipedHTH caMO ca paKKM kophmp; 3a ptjaBor BpeMeHa h janer caodpahaja dp30 cy HeynoTpedpjHBH. Koibcmx cmasa HMa CBypa. One cy Hajpouinje y uiyMOBHTHM npepepHMa. 51 HajBajKHiija apymobh y peaoj Mpe>KH cy: y upaBify upeMa :eB(py, ao CaBe, BOAe CBera h>hx 7: aojihhom Yhc npexo Boc. HoBor sa Cncax h JaceHOBap; aojihhom CaHe ao Kjbyaa h npeKO Upn- jeflopa ao JaceHOBpa; aojihhom Bp6aca npexo Bafte JlyKe ao Boc. FpaAHinxe; aojihhom EocHe oa CapajeBa npexo /joSoja y Bpoa; oa KaaAfta npexo Ty3Jie n rpaaaHHpe y IiiaMap; oa CapajeBa npexo rpOMHJia, Baaceanpe, Ty3Ae y Bpaxo; oa Ooae npexo Po- rampe, rpoMHjia, BjiaceHHpe, 3BOpHHKa, EHjejbHHe y Pany. PoKapmx Jimnja, napajiejiHnx ca CaBOM, HMa, 36or CTBopa seMJbHuiTa, BeoMa Maao(2—3): Haj6jiH>KH CaBH cy AeJioBH: neTpnK>a —KocTajHHAa—rpaAHuiKa n LUaMap—Bpaxo—BnjejbHHa, xojn cy cnojeHH cjiatmjHM nyTOBHMa. CaBH HajCjimxa JiHHHja HenpexnHyTHx ApyMOBa je rjiHHa— -Boc. Hobh—II pHjeAop— Baita Jlyxa —ripitaBop —jl,epBeHTa—Bpaxo—BHjeJbHHa. Bnuie je yAajteH Aeo Batta Jlyxa — flodoj —Ty3Jia—3 bophhx. HajAa be, Ha jyry oa CaBe je JiHHHja: Boc. Kpyna—CaHCKM Moct— KJbyn — Jajpe —/Joh>h Baxytjj—TpaB- hhk —CapajeBO — Pora-rapa—-BnmerpaA — YBap. Oa cbhx obhx JiHHHja HajBehH 3Hanaj npnnaAa xoMyHHxapnjaMa y aojihhh BocHe h Bp6aca. OBa Mpe>xa je AOCTa Ao6po B63aHa ca cesepHOM oSjiainhy Ha CaBH y Cncxy, JaceHOBpy, rpaAHiuxoj, BpoAy, UlaMpy h Bp- hkom. Ca AHHapcKOM oSjiainfcy cy Be3e Bek cjiafmje: JiHHHja ce, aojihhom YHe, npoAy>xyje npexo Boc. FleTpoBpa 3a Khhh, JiHHHja AOjihhom Bp6aca npexo JlHBHa 3a LUH<5eHHx h npexo FIpo3opa 3 a Mociap; CapajeBO je Be3aHO npexo MBana ca MocrapoM h npexo KajiHHOBHxa ca Eoxom Kotopcxom. Ca MopaBexoM o(5jiaiuhy 3 a caAa He nocToje totobo HHxaxBe ApyMCxe Be3e. npenocHa \cpeptmBa. HajBHme je y ynoTpeSn Mam, aim BeoMa n3Ap>KJbHBH, moBCtpHu KOtb . Y hh>khm npeAejiHHa cjiy>xe ce ca je- AHOCT3BHHM, APBeHHM XOJIHMa H TO y IloCaBHHH Ca KOHjCKOM, a Hnane ca bojiobckom 3anperoM (4 — 6 pemHepa). y njiaHHHaMa HMa h jeAHOocoBHHx bojiobckhx xapa. y paBHHnacTe npeAejie Ha ceBepy nocjieAfbHX roAHHa npoApjia cy jiaxa ejiaBOHexa xojia ca kohjCxom 3anperoM (6—12 peHTHepa). 8. CMeuiTajHe npmiHKe. rioaowaj zpapoBCt 12 ) y ceBepHoj Bochh ycjioBJbeH je bhchh- cxhm oSjihxom pejie oSnacTH: najBHine hx HMa y ceBepHMM 6pe- >xyjbxacTHM h paBHHnacTHM npeAeaHMa h no AOJiHHaMa CaBHHHx 12 ) Bhah Jobqh Ipmjnh: Ba.nKaHCKO riojiyocTpBO. 4 * 52 npHTOKa Yhc, CaHe, Bpdaca, EocHe h /JpHHe. Hexe oa obhx Ba~ pooiH (Ty3Jia, EHjejbHHa, Bphko h Apyre), HMajy hCth o6jihk Kao h OHe y MopaBCKoj odjiacrn: y APyrHMa, MHorodpojHHM, npeBJia- ^yjy TypcKO-ncTOMH>aHKH ynmaja. OBe y rjiaBHoj napiHHjH HMajy roMHJiy AyhaHa h Kyha Ay>K kphtkhx, BHjyraBHX h MaxoM npjbaBHx yjinpa. Jaxo sdnjeHH AyhaHH cy BehHHOM oa ApeeHe rpalje a 3aTBa- pajy ce aPbchhm henenuHMa. Kyhe 3a CTanoBaihe cy oOhhho H3Baii napuinje h orpa^eHe3HflOBHMa; hag ce Kpo3 BHjyraBe yjrnpe, H3Meljy 3HflOBa, Kao H3Metjy rpaflCKHx 3hahh3. Totobo je HeMoryhe bhagth ABopHime. Kyhe cy Hecro oa ApseHe rpatje, flacnoM noKpHBCHe. CBe oBaKBe BapomH doraie cy TexyhoM h h3bopckom boaom (TpaBHHK, CTapa Baporn y CapajeBy, Marjiaj, /Jodoj), Cena ceBepHe BocHe Jie>Ke BehHHOM no CTpaHaMa AOJiHHa, no nodpljy, Ha noBpnjHMa ro BHCHHe oko 1600m. Ona cy totobO' CBa pa36njeH0z umna. HajpacnpocTpafbeHujH je y ceBepHoj Bochh. y myMOBHTHM KpajeBHMa, no3H3TH CTapoBJiamKH THn: HMai-be ao HM afta Ha BejiHKoj npocTopnjH, rpynucaHa y 3aceoKe KojH cy hccto pa3ABojeHH uiyMOM. Cena y IlocaBHHH h CeMdepujn cy Manmnaw- jacemime Bpcme, AaK-rc yinopena APyMCKa cejia KpcracTor hjih 3Be3AacTor odjurea. Hajnemha Kyha ceBepHe BocHe je wnapcm opBnapa. Y IIo- caBHHH, CeMdepnjn, aohaim AOAHHaMa BocHe h Bpdaca n.\ia MaxoM caMO hobhx Kyha. /J,HHapcKa dpBHapa He pa3JiHKyje ce MHoro oa. Beli no3HaTe dpBnape myMOBHTHX npeAejia MopaBCKG odJiacTH. M y Bochh je Be3aHa na uiyMy n ochm ncie rpalje hmh h hcth yHyTpaiufbn pacnopeA h noxyhaHCTBO. Y mhothm -KpajeBHMa BocHe pa3BHJia ce cjihhho Kao a y MopascKoj odjiacTH y nojiydpBHapy, Ajih y Bochh MO>Ke ce Ha Kyha bhacth MecTHMHpe Beli ymiufaj ajiunjcKe Kyke, diuio na. dpBHapa hmh A^LunaHH Kpos n cody Ha TaBaHy, dnjio a& je Kyha 3HAana h noA AaiuaaHHM KposoM h ca codaMa Ha Taeany. HoBa Kyha y IlocaBHHH h CeMdepujH npocTpaHHja je oa Kyhe ropoBHTHX npeAeaa, hmh BHine coda, 3HA3Ha je oa iprjbe h noKpn- BeHa ppenoM, cjihhho Kao h y MaHBH h AOfooj MopaBH. Oko CapajeBa, TpaBHHKa, Porampe, 3aTHM 3anaAHO oa Eaite JlyKe, jy>KHO oa Ty3Jie Kao h y ApyniM HCJiaMH3HpaHHM KpajeBHMa npeBjia^yjy rnypCKO-HcmoKwame Kyke n Kyne. Hduxobs ABopniuTa cy orpaijeHa bhcokhm 3haom h HMajy BHCOKe jiyHHO CBeAeHe Kannje. ABjiHje cy KajiApMHcane hjih no- lUionaHe. Kyhe, oa hepnnna hjih njietepH, OKp'eheHe h MaxoM he- 53 paMHflOM noKpHBeHe, HMajy ABa crrpaTa. y AOtfceM cy aMCiapn, rfler/ie h urfaJie, a ropn>H ynpaBo hhhh xyky ca codaMa h 30Be ce napaaK. Ry/ie cy yBeic 3HAaHe oa Kaiwena h noaHrayTe hjih Kao CTpa- atape Han 3a CTaHOBame noA 3aumiTOM. HMajy Biniie cnpaTOBa ca MHomM codaMa. 03HAaae cy oa TecaHor name h a h 3haobh cy oa 1 m. aede:iH. H aiHMa CTaHyje, BekunoM neMajy npo- 3opa, Bek caMo nyuiKapHHpe (Ma3rajie). CMeuiTajHe cy npHjmiKeHOM, y noApynjy c/iado Hace^enHx cpeafonx naaHHHa, pijaBe. Beke jeaHHHpe dnke y thm npeAejiHMa npnHyijeHe aa Jiozopyjy. 3roAHHX MecTa 3a JioropoBaite HMa CKopo CByAa. 9. MaTepHjaAHa cpe^CTBa, CHad,o,eBanbe. HaaBHo 3aHHMaH>e ciaHOBHULUTBa je 3eMJbopaAfba h cto- MapCTBO. y cesepHHM paBHHaacTHM npefteAHMa odaejiaBa ce nmeHHpa, a y 0CTa.aHM KpajeBHMa sekHHOM caMo iKeTBa je y jyjiy h aBryCTy. Oo HbeHOM 3aBpmeTKy y ceBepHHM paBHHnacTHM npeAeanMa Mory ce Hakn BeaiiKe KOJiHHHHe obhx 3eMJbopaAHHHKHX npoHSBOAa. Hy, h Ay>« Beknx pexa (BocHa) Mowe peKBH3npHja HMaTH noBO.TbaH pesyjiTaT. Ajih Bekwx MjiHHOBa HMa caMo y ceBepHOM Kpajy, >khthhhh BocHe. y oerajiHM npeae- JIHMa MJIHHOBH Cy M3JIH H npHMHTHBHH. Beknx nexapHiipa HMa caMo no BapomHMa. Oa cmoue, nopea Kovta, HMa, noniaBHTO, roBeaa h oBai^a, a y IlocaBHHH h CBHH>a. roBeae je caade KaKBoke h Majio (cjio- doAHa nama, iipHMHTumie hjih HHKaKBe CTaje) a jih MHorodpojHo. Bake, aaioJe, Moryke aa ce y 3e'MJbH HadaBH Meco h 3a Beke jeaHHHpe. Oa cmome xpcme HMa, noraaBHTO, je™a h MHoro ceHa. OBac ce caado rajn. Bope HMa CByaa y aoBOJLiioj Mepn: ona je y IlocaBHHH necTo He3ApaBa. BHiia h nHBa HMa caMo oBae OHae y BekHM KOJiHHHHaMa. H ppm HMa csyaa, a ah 3aT0 MHorn icpajeeH ocKyaeBajy caaMOM. CeBepHa BocHa je aaKJie npHJiHHHO doraia pa3HHM cpeacTBHMa. 3a Beke CHare 6n ke unax noTpedHO aa ce, Haponnio dpaumo, noBpke, co, CTOHHa xpaHa, y BekeM odHMy aoiypajy H3 no3aaHHe. 54 III. PAlilKA vum CTAPA CPEMJA. 1. OnuiTH nper^eff. 13 ) OBa oduiacT odyxBaTa Bpjio BacoKe 3eMjbe y Kojaiwa c\ pa 3 BO^a 3 a caaBOBe JappaHCKor, Erejcnor a LjpHor Mopa. OBa pa3Bofja Huey yBeK iuiaHHHCKH BeHpa, Beh KaTKaaa paBHape a bh- cokh SaceHH a THMe je oaaKuiaH caoOpafcaj asjieljy pa3HHx xpajesa. y PauiKy yBpmiiyjeMO a cyceAHe KpajeBe MopaBCKO-BapAapCKe yAOJiaae H 3 Me 1 jy Hama a Beaeca CBe flo dyrapcKe rpaHape, 06 - JiacTa oko y3fly>KHor docaHCKor nyTa (CKonjbe — MaTpoBepa— HoBa ria 3 ap — Bamerpap — CapajeBo) po naaHHHe 3aaTapa a KpajeBe ropa>er M(5pa a JIaMa. Vis obhx OaceHa a AOJiaaa jiaKO ce caa3a y MopaBCKy oOpacT Ha ceBepy a Bappapcay Ha jyry. TaKO ce OHa npaQjiawyje Co/iyhckom Kao a MepBaacKOM 3aaasy. y H>oj ce yKpuna y3py>KHa MopaBO-BappapcKa a docaHCKa nyT ca nonpeaHaM 3eTCKHM a KpaBonaaaHaaKaAi .Koja ce Besyje 3a UJaparpaflCKH APY M - Obo j e HajeavKHaje paCKpmlre Ha EajiKaHCKOM IlojiyocTpBy. PejBe4) je pa3HOBpcHaja Hero y UlyMapaja a ceBepHoj Bochh, Topite napTaje cjihbob3 MopaBe a Bappapa caCTasjbaHe cy op npocTpaHBx noToaaHa, HauiKe, JiecKOBaaKe, kocobckc, CKoitCKe, TeTOBCKe a Apyrax, Koje cy Kao a AieioxacKa (cjihb flpaMa), Me^yco^Ho Be3aHe KjiacypaMa. Okbhp Behaae Tax cacTaBJbeH je oa KpHCTajiaCTax uiKpa.ibapa. JyroacTOHHa a&o CKonciKy ce BacoKe naaHHHe a MacaBa Kao KonaoHaK, Tojiaja, Lilapa, HpoKJieTaje, CaoncKa IjpHa Topa a APyra- 2. IljjaHHHe, 6 ace»H a pomme. Ljeaa ce ofuiacT MO>Ke oporpa^caa noAejiaTa y Tpa oAcena. bbcokhm niiaHHHaMa pasABojeaa. CeBepo3anaAH» opceK npy>Ka ce AO npoKJiexaja a a>axoBor HacTaBKa ceBepno oa mctoxhckoit OaceHa a ao M 6 pa, acnyfbeH je cacBHM cypoBHM, bpjio my m obhthm, 13 ) ripeMa aothhhom oflejBKy fteaa Joean Ufiiijnh: EajiKaHCKO riojiyocTpso.- 55 reinxo npoxojjHHM h bhcokhm imaHHHaMa m hmh caMo MaftHX kotjihhb h nojta. CpeAftH opcex npouiHpyje ce Ha jyroHCTOxy ao LLlape n Cxoncxe I4pne Tope h caAP*H SoraTe h npoxoAHe peHTpanHe dacene. JyroHCTOHHH OAcex odyxBaTa doraTe daceHe, cxoncxn h Te- tobckh h npoxoAHe BHCopaBHH OBHer rioaa h KyMaHOBCKy, Aajte mnpoxe h Ky^iTHBHcaHe ropn>e AonHHe MopaBe h MopaBxpe ixaBa caodpakaj. y OBaxBOM 3eMJbHmTy npHnaAa bcjihkh 3Hanaj h HajMaibHM daceHHMa h AOJMHaMa. HajBa*HHjH cy Mann daceHH oxo PyAa ycTHdapa, 3a thm jiHMCxa >Kyna (HaBnuie oa npnjenojta), Bnjejio nojbe, BepaHe h nojiHMJte (nsMeljy AHApHjeBHpe h n.iaBa) Ha 56 JInMy; na>eBa>aHCKH h HOBona3apcKH daceH (BeoMa ffodpo KyaxH- BHC3HH ; riaBHHo noa>e (c.-3. Off BHjejior nojba) h HeKOJiHKo bh- * cokhx, y BOffH ocKyffHHx KpacHHX no;t>a aa cxa3H HenedHk — r^Hdapw — Bnjeao rioa>e in Offcen (U,eHTpajiHH dacemi). CaMO Ha HBupawa HMa bhcokhx naaHHHa. To cy Ha ceBepy HacxaBaK IlpoKaexHja jy>KHO off Hdpa ffo MHTpoBHpe, KonaoHHK h Jacxpedaa, Ha ncxoKy CyBa FIjiaHHHa, Cxpeuiep h IlaxapHua, Ha jyry Ko3jaK, LJpHa Topa, LUapa ii Kophthhk a Ha 3anaffy IlauiTpuK h npoKaexnje. npoKJiemnje (hjih ceBepHO aadaHCKe naaHHHe) npywajy ce off CxaffapcKor Je3epa y c.-h. npaBpy h npeffexaBJbajy najMaibe no3Haxy naaiiHHy peae EBpone. OHe cy BeoMa cxenoaiixe, no rpe- deimvia h cxpaHaMa HenpoxoffHe h npHJiHHHO‘decnyxHe. f-bnxoBe BHCHHe join HHcy H3MepeHe. Ajih BepoBaxHo je ffa y ffeay KOff H3Bopa ^enaHCKe BiicxpHpe, 3B3hom BozHheBupa, ffocewy HajBefcy BHCHHy (2500—2800 m). HacxaBaK IlpoKaexHja 3anaffHO Off Mexo- xnje je KoupmHHK (2313 m), na }tKHO off Mdpa MoKpa imamna Koja ce 3aBpuiaBa xex KOff MuxpoBnpe. Off n>e ce offBajajy, npeMa j.-H., HHHKHHje OHe xoje cnajajy lleh ca ELaaBOM h PowajeM. C OHe cxpaHe CnxHHpe, npiixone Mdpa, nofluwe ce Bek no- 3 hhxh Kouclohhk Kojn ce npyaca CKopo y MepHffHonaaHOM ripaspy off JIada ffy>K Mdpa ffo H>eroBor yxoxa y 3anaffHy MopaBy. H3Meijy Poro3He h KonaoHHKa ycenena je y3ana ffoaHHa Mdpa Koja npep- cxaBJba 3roffHy h Baarny Be3y MopaBCKe odaacxn ca Kocobom. Jy>KHH ffeo KonaoHHKa Kojn ffomipe po KocoBa i-ma BpxoBe ffo 1600 M BHCOKe. Jacmpe6aii, no3Hax Kao naamiHa na jy>KHoj hbhph MopaBCKe odaacxn, 3arpatjyje pommy Toampe Ha ceBepy. OBa je off H3BO- pHiuxa y KonaoHHKy ffo. yuiha de3 xancype. Mlnpoxa, daarHX cxpaHa, HHrffe ce cxeHe He nojaBe. J\ o noaoBHHe cxpaHa je odpa- 57 ieHa, a HaBHine nop myMOM. Op FlaoHnaKa ce npomupyje y Haj- U.aoAHnje nojfce umpoKO pBa po Tpw KiwoMeTpa. OHa je ripeno- .raHKHM cepjioM (873 m) h pojihhom Jlada Be3aHa ca Kocobom. M3Metjy Tonaape, jy>KHe MopaBe, rnjiancKe KOTJiHHe h Ko- coBa nopHHcy ce pa3ae rpyne cpepHbnx njiaHHHa, op Koj hx cy Hajno3HaTnje Ilacjma, IlempoBa zopa, Toman (1193 m) Jlucau (1337 m). CBe cy oee njiaHHHe BeoMa pasytjene h paimmafteHe MHorodpojHHM AoanHHpaMa. nyraa je Mpe>Ka pocTa pa3BnjeHa, aan dojtHX, BeuiTaMKnx ppyMOBa HeMa, H3Me^y ilacjane h nerpoBe rope Ha 3anapy, JlHcpa ii By- KOBe TiiaBe (1442 m) Ha jyry m CyBe njiaHHHe Ha HCTOKy npocrape ce npocrpaHa, KOMyHHKaTHBHa, npoxopHa ii rycTo Haceaena Jle- CKOBanm KOTjiHHa. Ca PyjeM, j.-n. op CyBe naaHHHe, noHHfby OcoroBCKe njia- HHHe, Koje HHHe BOAOMeijy H3Meijy MopaBe h Bappapa c jepHe h CT pywe c ppyre cipane. CacTaBJteHe cy oa KpHCTajiacrax uiKpp- .T>apa Me^y ko jP m ce jaBJbajy h epynraBHe CTeHe a y Be3H c Hama h MHorodpojHe pype. nojeAHHP peaoBH Kojn OBpe y od3np AOJia3e jecy : Pyj, He.uepHm, Bynom zjiaBa, Bappenmc ca BemmM Cmpe- mepOM (1929 m). h riamapaifa na HeKapaum>oj cpncKO-dyrapcKO- TypcKoj TpoAietjH. HajBepH Bpx y obhm njiaHHHaMa je Becna Kodmia (1946 m). OHe cy BeoMa pcnpecepaHe MHorodpojHHM pojp-iHHpaMa, npHTOHHpaMa MopaBe h CipyMe, cjiado HacejbeHe a Tempo npo- xoAHe. C OHe CTpaHe BopoMelje npe panamaa ppwaBHa cpaHupa h cbh cy rjiaBHH rpederm y hplohm pvKa.Ma. 3eMa>HLUTe oko Bo- CH^rpapa, KojHM npojia3H rpaunpa, 30Be ce KpajuuiTe h npep- CTaBJba npaBH jiaBHpHHaT njiaHHHCKHx fpedeHa h icoca. KoMynn- Kapnja HMa Majio, h to caMO pfjaBHx. HajBancHHja je: kojickh nyT KojH boah H3 po/iHHe jy>K«e MopaBe npeico CyppyjiHpe h Kancype y Tpn y aojihhh JepMe. I43Meljy Jlncpa h ByKOBe rjiaBe cyweHa je pojiHua jy>KHe MopaBe y rppenmKoj Kmcypn. Oko Bpafte pauiHpyje ce pojiHHa y doraioj Bpamcuoj aojihhh. Oa OcoroBCKHX naaHHHa opBaja ce, ceBepHO op /(eBe-Banpa, miipoKH h naenacTH JiaHap Ko3jam (po 1352 m) Kojn Hcnyrbyje npocTop H3Meijy riHHH>e k ir>eHe npHTOice KpHBe. Ko3jap je hphjihhho myMOBHT, cjiado HacejneH h CKopo de3 nyTeBa. Ciwncm U,pHa Topa nopHJKe ce H3Metjy CKona.a, KyMaHOBa h rHjbaHa h npepcTaB^a BeaHKy 3apaBft>eHy njiaHHHy, Koja je 58 jaKO uiyMOBHTa h H3 Koje ce H3An>Ky nojeAHHH olutph bpxobh (Ha npHMep LIphh Bpx 1804 m); h OHa je Oecnyraa h caado Hace^eHa, 3ana«H0 oa CxoncKe LjpHe Tope Tene JleneHau, Kpo3 yaany KanaHHHKy Kjincypy KojoM boah >Kejie3HHMKa npyra H3 Cxonjia y epn30Bnl5 (ypoineBap). C OHe CTpaHe JleneHpa noAH>iKa oa KaaaHHHKe Kjincype, y j.-3. npaBpy. h y JbydoTHHy Aoce>Ke BMCHHy oa 2510 m. IlpeKO itera BOAe caMO TeuiKe cxa3e Koje cy 3hmh ycaeA CHera HeynoTped/bHBe. LLIapa je y a°h>hm napTHjaMa nomyM/beHa a y ropitiiM noKpiiBeHa AodpuM miaHHHCKHM nauiaMa. HacTaBaK LUape npeMa LjpHOMe /(puMy cy Eaoaumiu(a h Kopmanm (2310 m) Kojn npeMa EenoM /(pirny ctpmo onaAa. 06a HadaBKa cy nycie, HeHacejneHe n decnytHe njiamiHe. C OHe CTpaHe Eeuor ^pnMa noAHJKe ce riaiumpm Kojn y c.-3. npaBqy xBaxa Be3y ca npoKJieTnjaMa. LLiaHHHe Ha o6e CTpaHe Eejior /(pHMa Huey joiu aobojbho ncnuTaHe a CTora cy npajiarao Heno3HaTe. OHe cy nyCTe, cjiado HacejteHe a TeuiKo npoxoAHe. KoMyHHKauaje cy BefcuHOM CTa3e Koje HMajy 3Hanaj jep npe.xase ApwaBHy rpaHnpy. HajBa>KhHje CTa3e cy: kojickh nyr Ay>K Eejior /(paMa, oa IlpH3peHa y BpyTH Ha CTaBy Eejior a UpHor /(puMa. CTa3a oa ToaKOBape npexo Tr>a(}>a LIpyinaT (738 m) y Cnac na flpiiMy a CTa3e oji "EaKOBHpe npexo Toa^a MopuHC (650 m?) k Taaijia UJkojic y Majipajy TsaKOBC, xpaj na Bajidonii npaTopa flpHMa. y yHyTpaLUBbOCTH oBor nJiaHHHCKor OKBapa npocTHpy ce npocTpaHH peHTpajiHH daceHH mctoxhckh, npH3pencKH a ko- cobckh Koja ce y3 JIad npopywyje y ManoM KocoBy. Ohh cy Mefjy- co6ho pa3ABojeHa hhckhm, npoxoAHHM a KOMyHHKaTHBHHM n,xa~ HHHaMa. Ancon;, THa je BHCHH'a 400—600 m. Tjie obhx daceHa HHHe cnojeBH xyMyca n ppHe rnnHe. Eacenn cy Ay>«- pexa seoMa. Aodpo odpaijeHH, nace^eHH n doraTH a nnane noKpiiBeHii jihbh- AaMa h p6j H>eM, de3 APBeLa, bcLihhom seoMa npemeAHH a KOMy- HHK3THBHH. Jy>KHo-ncTOHHH oftceK (ropH>H c/mb Bappapa), LlsMeljy LUape nCKoncKeUpHeFope Ha ceBepy, cpeAftHM h a/inujCKHM nnaHH- HaMa Ha dyrapcKoi rpaHapn Ha iicXOKy, BoAOflenHHpe H3Meij\ /(pHMa h BapAapa Ha 3anaAy, njBaaKaBHpe h BadyHe na jyry jieHce BejiHKH, BeLHHOM Aodpo KyjiTHBHcaHH m HaceiteHii daceHii: tc- tobckh, CKoncKH, BejieuiKH, 3aTHM Majieui Ha ropHboj EperaJiHiipn 59 m KonaHe, flajbe cjiado HacejteHe h Taxacacie BHCopaBHH OBner Flojba h KyMaHOBCKa (npocTop KyMaHOBO—Bejiec—KonaHe) Koje npeMa ceBepy npejia3e y KyjiTHBHcaHy m nrapOKy yAOJiHHy Mopa- Bupe h MopaBe. CaMo Ckodcko nojte, OBne nojbe, KyMaHOBCKa BucopaBaH h flOJiHHa MopaBupe — MopaBe MHHe HenpeKHHyTO MaHeBapCKO 3eM.iLMiuTe. OcrajiH, no npocTopy MaftH daceHH, 3a- rpa^eHH cy n oABojeHH naanaHaMa. Cbm cy dacem KOMyHHKa- thbhh, y cyBO Aoda roAHHe Aodpo npoxoflHH h rAerAe ocxyAHH boaom. LUapa h Ckoucko. IJ,pita ropa, Koje pa3ABaja KanaunnKa K/mcypa (flojinna JlerieHpa), Befc cy no3Haie. Ha Bapji;apy jiokh 250—300 m BHCoxa Ckoucm KOTjiHHa Koja je y hctohhom Aejiy MecTHMupe dapoBma. OHa ce npeMa ceBepy npoAywyje y HHCKoj yAOjiHHH, Koja ce, npeKO ripeiueBa, 460 m bhcokof pa3B0lja H3Me^y MopaBe h BapAapa, cnaja ca AOjihhom MopaBHpe n jy>KHe MopaBe. M3Me^y flOH>e n^ntbe n Aoite BperajiHupe npocmpe ce Obhc TJ ojbe, floera npoxoAHa BncopaBaH Koja je cjiadHje HacejbeHa Hero cyceflHa CKoncKa KOTJiHHa, 300—500 m bhcok 3, dpewyjbKacTa, ro- tobo rona h caMo ydyineM n narmbapHMa noKpnBeHa. Cjihhhhx je oflJiHKa h 3eM.>bHLUTe Koje ce oa OBner Blo^a npocTHpe ao K onaHa a KyMaHOBa. Obo je 3eMJbnniTe Kao epyrnriBHo, Bpjio doraTO y pa3HOBpcHMM pyAaMa. npeMa c.-n. npejia3H obo (KpaT0BCK0-3;ieT0BCK0) epynmBHo 3eMJbnmTe y OcozOBcae njiamne. Hdhxob HajBHinn ago Ocozob .tokh H3Meijy TtycTeHAHjia, KpaTOBa h KonaHa; Ty ce noAHJKe Ha cpncKO-dyrapcKoj rpaHHUH HajBHiuH Bpx PyjaH (2225 m) h jyro- 3anaAHO U,apeB Bpx (2107 m). OcoroB je naop oa Kora ce 3pa- KacTO OABajajy nojeAHHH bchuh Kojn pa3ABajajy BOAe Kp«Be h BperajiHHue, BapAapa h CTpyMe. n^aHHHe cy y hm>khm naprajaMa noKpHBeHe ujyMaMa a y bhuihm, OBAe oHAe ctchobhthm h KaMe- hhthm nauiaMa. HacejbeaocT, npoxoAHocT n KOMyHHKaTHBHOcr cy Bpjio cjiade. Oa peTKHX KOMyHHKapnja je HajBa>KHHjn nyT npexo KpHBO-naxaHaHKor ceA.ua d\eae Baapa 1197 m) Kojn cnaja KpnBy najiaHKy ca TiycTeHAHJiOM. /(ajLe cy 3HanajHe KoitCKe CTa3e npexo Pyjna (Be3a KpaTOBO — TiycTeHAn.ii), cia3a npexo LjoHe Cxane (Be3a l_(apcKO Ceao — TiycTeHAna) h CT33a npexo JlyKOBor Bpxa (Be3a LJapeBo Cejio - I)yMaja). Ha cpeAH>oj EperajiHnu;n npocTHpe ce KomncKa Kommua y Kojoj HMa npocTpanHx H>HBa y KojHMa ce Heryje nnpHHan, ycxe/y nera je npoxoAHocT npHjiHHHO orpaHHneHa. 60 rJ/baHKOBHiia jy>KH 0 oa BperaaHHpe h Baoyna ca JaKymiyoM jyWHO oa BapAapa (ode ripeKO 2000 m BiiciiHe) Beh npnnaAajy MaKeAOHHjH. flpocTop H3Metjy TpecKe h BapAapa ncnyfeea je CyxoM ZOpOM, Cpa3MepHO HHCKOM (1300 m) H LIiyMOBHTOM nJiaHHHOM, KOjy npejia3H apym CKonjbe — TeTOBO. Ha roptteM BapAapy npocTHpe ce AyryJtacTa TemoBcm Konumna , njioA'ia, doraia h Haponmo no HBHpaivia Aodpo nace- jbeHa. Opa je na 3anaAy orpatjeHa LUapoM, PypoxoM, KopaooM n BncmpoM Koje nnae BOAOAejiHHny H3Meijy BapAapa h LjpHor /(pnMa. CBe cy OBe naaHHHe tciuko npoxoAHe, caado HcnHTaHe, nycie h decnyrae. McTOHHe cy naAnae BehnHOM noA inyMOM a ocTajio je fotobo CBe tojio. Oa peTKnx m pljaBHX KOAiyHiiKauaja Hajeawanje cy: CTa3a npexo BpaTa y npaBuy EpyTH-a m yjMnuiTa h nyT npeKO MaBpoBHX XaaoBa (1350 m) y npaBpy nnuiKoneje h /(eopa. 3, npoxoflHOCT, nper^e,a,HOCT h opHjeHTHcaite. npoxoAHOCT je y npojiehe n jeceH orpammeHa ycaeA ocodnHa TJia uito ra hhhh rjiHHa. OpnjeHTncatbe je ojiaiaiiaHO saaeKo . BHA-'BBBaM BpxoBHMa a 3MMH h y npoaePe OTewaHO AyroTpajuHM MamaMa. naaHHHe cy bcjihkhm AeaoM caado HcnHTaHe Te cy napie Henoy3AaHe. Y obom nonieAy npHJiHKe cy aajHenoBOJLHaje Ay* a.adaHCKe rpaHHije. 4. Pene Kao npenpene. Pexe OBe odaacra ne 4HHe npenpeice tojihko 3dor xojiHHHHe BOAe kojihko 3dor o6nima whxobhx pomma n o6ana. J\onme cy y noApynjy naaHHHa y3aHe, cieHOBme KJincype ca ctpmhm, ncnpe- cepaHHM, HenpoxoAHHM, necTO HeKOiiHKo cxoTHHa MeTapa bhcokhm CTeHaMa. Cojihahm cy moctobh peTKH, ea kojickh caodpaPaj necxo y3aHH, APSeHH MOCTOBH OdHHHO npMMHTHBHH. Flopmawe mocuiobci npexo pexa je OTe>KaHo TeuiKHM npHBJia- nefteM MaTepHjajia, Kao h bcjihkom dp3HHOM, a y npoaetie h jeceH h HaAOJiacKOM BOAe. JleTH h y pariy jecen ce Mory cxopo CBe pexe , ra3HTH. 3hmh peTKo peieM BOAe. Haj3Ha4ajHHje cy peiepxape, Tenae H XyMa h ca cjiadriM mocxobhmb koa Moj- KOBqa h ^OBOJba. JIhm, H6ap, Hexomma, y^au,, Benn JJpuM, Jleaenau h Bap pap HMajy cjihmhs OAJiHKe, cacBHM am AeJiHMHpe. JIhm, BapAap h aoibh TOKOBH MoXOTHHe H BeAOr /jpHMa cy 3HaHajHH H no KOJIHHHHH BOAe. Mdap, MexoTHHa u JIhm cy cnaaBHii. 5. K-^HMa H SApaBCTBCHe npHJIHKC. KaHMa je yMepeno KOHXHHeHTa/iHa, a nsMe^y Tape h Mdpa cypoBa. IIoMeTaK n xpajaae roAHiuitHx Aoda BeoMa cy nejeAHaKH ycneA BeaHKHX pa3JMKa y bhchhh (cpeAfta Ao/inHa BapAapa oko 200, Behn daceHH 300—600, njiamme n npexo 2000 cpeArte BHCHHe). npojiehe noamte, npeMa bhchhh, H3Me^y tjjedpyapa h Maja, JieTO y BejiHKe daceHe aohoch 3HaTHe BpyhHHe, Manie cy necTe y no3Hy jeceH, 3 Hmh h y npojielie. JeceH je aena, 3HMa oniTpa ca MHoro cnera koj'h njiaHHue yanina HenpoxoAHHM, y npo- jiehe ii no3Hy jeceH odnane n njiaxe Kfiuie cy aecxe, napoaHxo y BeaHKHM dacenHMa. Bejuree pa3AHKe y xonaoxn h cypoBa naaHHHCKa kjihmb y3poi< cy MHorax pasdoaeBa^a, oa Kojax ce CTaHOBHHqH uiTHTe AedejiHM ByHeHHM OAejiOM. Bornae, xHcjjyc h CHtjrajiac aecxn cy HapoaHxo y ceBepHHM KpajeBHMa. 3ppaECuiBeHe apumuie Aocxa cy noBOJbHe. Onepapaje y bhiiikm naaHHHa.wa cy, 3dor nenoAeciie kjihmc y Aoda oa HOBeMdpa ao M apia, SHaTHo oxewaHe am ne HeMpryhe. 6. KoMyHHKaunje. )i{eM3HHi{a HMa Beowa maao. Belr cnoMeHyxa npyra Beo- rpaA— Hhuj npoAywyje ce npeMa jyry aojihhom jy>KHe MopaBe npeno JlecKOBina, Bparbe m npeiueBa h AaJte npexo CKonjta Ay* BapAapa ao CojryHa. TpaHcnopiHa wok h obac HHje Beka Hero y MopaBCKoj odjiacTH (jeAaH Koaoceic, peine cxaHnqe). Oa oBe rpyne OABajajy ce: oa CKonjta npyra nop.uaAHor Ko.xoceKa KaaaHHHKOM KJincypoM h npexo ypouieBpa ao Kocobckc MnxpoBHpe; oa Cxonjba npyra ycxor Koaocexa (0'60 m) aojihhom Bap¬ Aapa npexo Texosa, TocxHBapa y KnaeBo h OxpnA. 62 Mpewa cyBHX nymeua je Beojvia cjiafio pa3BHjeHa. 3a BpeM TypcKe BJia^aBUHe Bpjio Maao je yHHH>eHo y obom noraeAy: APyMOBH cy noAH3aHH ca bcahkhm ycnoHOM h oihtphm KpHBHHaMa, ninpoKH 5 ao 10 m.; ohm cy o6hhho KaAAPMHcann h npeKO KaAApMe HMa caoj LUJbyHKa, peije TypaHHKa. Aah Kano Huey OAPwaBaHH, £5 hah cy Bek h npe paTOBa y BeoMa pijaBOM CTatty. Moctobh cy 6 hah pi^aBH h CAafin; h KaMeHH moctobh Huey 6m h coahaho H3patjeHH a 3a KOJia necTo HMajy cyBHiue jaK ycnoH. 3a BpeMe paTOBa cy ce OBe npHAHKe HapaBHO joui h noropmaAe. (flopyuieHH moctobh, nponycTH). riocAe paTa OTnonejia je onurra onpaBKa h noAH3atte hobhx AHHH ja AP>KaBHHX APyMOBa. OBH cy paAOBH BeoMa OfjHAHH H H3H- cxyjy mhoto BpeMeHa h TpouiKOBa. no CBpmeTKy cbhx obhx paAOBa Sake Mpewa a l vmclbhhx apyMOBa npHAHHHo rycTa. CaAa HMa joui BeoMa Maao koackhx, BemTanKHx nyTeBa: 1. ApyM Hhlu—J lecKOBap — Bpaite— KyMaHOBO—CKOiute— Beaec—TaeBijeAHja. Oa Hbera ce, npeMa dyrapcKoj rpaHHqH, OABaja: a) ApyM JlecKOBap—BaacoTHHiAe—nHpoT, 6 ) koackh nyT KaAHMaHpn—CypAHAHpa—TpH, b) ApyM KopOeBaui — EocHAwpaA (y paAy), r) APy« KyMaHOBO—KpiiBa naaaHKa—TiyCTeHAHA, lj) ApyM Beaec—lllran—Konane—IJapeBO CeAO. 2. ApyM TopawiAe—MajHHae—nA>eBA>a—npHjenoA>e—CjeHHpa —Hobh na3ap —MijTpoBHpa —npHUJTHHa—YpouieBap—CKonae. Oa obot ApyMa npeMa aAOaHCKoj rpaHupH OABaja ce: а) koackh nyT JInnA>aH Ha KocoBy—LU thmajC— npH3peH—■ JbyMKyAa (orAameH 3a ApwaBHH ApyM). б) ApyM h koackh nyT CKonA>e—TeTOBO—rocTHBap— J\e6a p (orAameH 3a Ap>KaBHH ApyM). 06e cy AHHHje cnojeHe hah ce cnajajy ap^bhhm ApyMOBHMa: Hhiu — npoKyiiAbe — npenoAaq—npHUiTHHa (nocAeAH>H Aeo je y paAy), JlecKOBap—T yAapn—npHUiTHHa (y paAy), EyjaHOBpe —Tha^h — npHUiTHHa h Tha^h—Y ponieBap (o(5a y paAy), Be3y, ca cyceAHHM odAacTHMa Ha ceBepy h 3anaAy, TpeOa Aa ycnocTaBe obh AP^aBHH ApyMOBH: Ca MopaBCKOM oOAamhy: Hnrn -napafam (nocTojn), MHTpo- BHpa—PauiKa—KpaA^eBO, Hobh na3ap—PamKa, npHjenoA>e -HBa- H>Hua — HanaK (y A ej iy jywHO oa CTape rpannije y paAy); ca ceBepHOM Bochom: CjeHHpa (npHjenoA>e)—HoBa Bapoui —BHoierpaA, nAteBJba—YBap—BHinerpaA h TopawiAe—Capajeso (npojeKTOBaHii); 63 ca flHHapCKOM oSjiaiuiry (L(phom TopoM): IljbeB/ba — LUaBHHK HaKiuHh, npnjeriojbe- Enjeno riojbe—Bepane—rinaB, Enjeno Ilojbe—KojiamnH, Hobh na3ap—Pojxaj—BepaHe, MnTpoBHqa— Heti—AHSpajeBHqa—MaiomoBO h YpouieBaq—UlTHMJbe—nefc (y npojeKTy). Kao lino ce bhah HajBeiiH ;;eo OBe Mpewe je ca«a caiwo npojeKaT. Obo uito Ha HaBefleHUM npaBqHMa noCTojn HajBehHM qejiOM cy TeuiKH, KaMeHHTH nyieBH h MecTHMiiqe Mynue xoiBCKe CTa3e npeKO bhcokhx npeBoja. MHore oa obhx KOMyHHKaipija npe- .ia3e AySoxe h y3aHe cyTecKe (Tapy, JIhm h AP-) hjih boac tcchhm K. awcypaMa (rpAejiHuxa, KanaHHHKa). npnpo/WHX kojickhx uymem HMa y cbhmb paBHimacTHM npeAeJiHMa. HbuxoBa ynoTpe5n.nBOCT, 3(5or ocofaaHa Tjia, 33bhch oa BpeMeHa h Ao6a roAHHe. Kot-bcxe cma.3e cy, ceM y HajBHiuHM njiaHHHaMa, BeoMa mho- roSpojHe; HMa hx h y paBHHHacTHM npeAejiHMa, noirno je TOBapHa CTOKa raaBHo npenocHO cpeACTBO. Ha ibHMa HMa mhothx MouapHHX, y njiaHHHH Taxoije BeoMa y3aHHx a onacHHX Mecia. 3hmh cy cxa3e y bhiuhm njiaHHHaMa 3aBejaHe h HeynoTpe6*HBe hckojihko Mecepw. Moctobh cy peTKH h Bpao iiphmhthbhh. Kao npenocm cpepcnma CJiy>Ke y njiaHHHH, nopeA TOBapHe CTOKe h ABOKOJiape a y bcjiukhm daceHHMa, aboocobhc Kape ca BOJiyjcKOM urn Ohbojickom 3anperoM. 7. CMeuiTajHe npmiHKe. Hace^eHOCT OBe oftnacra je BeoMa c.ia6a na cy a CMeuiTajHe npHjiHKe BeoMa HenoBOJbHe. OHe cy Hajrope y npeAejiy «3Meljy Tape h M6pa, rAe HMa caMO HeKoiMKO Behax HacejbeHHx MecTa, a HHane caMO ycaMJbeHHx 3acejiaKa oa 6 — 8 Kyfea. Hajdojbe cy CMeuiTajHe npnaiiKe join y peHTpajiHHM daceHHMa, aaTHM y CKoncKOM h TeTOBCKOM nojby y KojuM, nopeA BefcHx sapouiH, HMa h BapouiHqa h sSujeHKx cejia (oa 100 xyha). Tpapcm Hciceiba y OBoj odjiacm Jiewe 6 hjio Ha no3H3THM BejiHKHM KOMyHHKaqujaMa xoje npojia3e PaiuKOM, 6mo pacTypeHa no E KOTJiHHSMa. Taxo jiewn Cxonjte na pacxpcHHijH MopaBO-Bap- AapcKor h MHomx nyTeBa xojn BOAe 3a xocoBCXO-MeTOXHCxy KouiHHy h Bocny, 3a TeTOBCKy KOTJiHHy, Aa6aHHjy h ncTouny MaKCAOHKjy, h npexo /jese Baupa 3a TiycieHAHJi. Ha 3 ctcxom nyTy .ie>KH npn3pea h ToaxoBHua, a na MopaBO-BapAapcxoM JlecxoBaq, Bpau>e, Beaec, Ha OocaHCxoM Hobii na3ap, njbeBJLa h aP- 64 CBa OBa Hacejba cy Typcxo-BH3aHTHjcxor v,m daaxaHCxor Twna ca KojHM cmo ce Bek yno3HaaH y ceBepHoj Bochh. OHa HMajy Hexoanxo HeTBpin (Maxaaa); JeBpejn ce^e yBeK, MycaHMami o6h4ho y caMOCTajiHHM MaxaaaMa. Je3rpo hhhh napninja ca nyfcaHHMa, paAftaMa, paAHOHHpaMa, Mara3HHHMa h xacfiaHaMa. CaMo Hexe yanpe HMajy 3 a kojickh caoSpafeaj AOBOjbay LUHpHHy, ociaae cy TecHe, BHjyraBe h npjbaBe. TproBK cy peTKH, o6hhho caMO no HanyioTeHHM rpo6a>HMa. MycaHMaHCxe xyhe ae>xe Hajpeuihe y ABOpHiUTHMa h daniTaMa, ycjiefl nera Bapoin HMa Beanxe pa3Mepe. /],BopHUJTa h dauue cy onxojBeHe bhcokhm SHAOBHMa 11 naoTOBHMa. Kyhe XpHmfcaHa o6hhho cy nnuihe, ABoenparae, peije npn- 3eMHe. y npH3eMJby ce najia3e xorbyuiHHpa, ay^bh hjih Mara3a. WMyiiHH TproBpn HMajy cojihaho 3HA3He Mara3HHe. KoBbyiiiHHpe cy BeoMa Hiicxe, Maae 11 HenHCTe. y cBHMa BapouiHMa HMa caAa CBe BetiH dpoj MOAepHo 3H- AaHHx xyka, y MHorHM luhpokhx, npaBHX yanpa xao h y ceBepHHM odaacTHMa Hauie OrapSHHe. IJaMHje cy oShhho npocTpane h cojihaho 3HAaHe oa xaMeHa. y 6 jih3hhh ce cxopo yBex Haaa3H xojH H3Bop, Texyiia boas hjih dyHap. OHe Cy no npaBHJiy ypejjeHe 3a opdpaHy h noAecHe 3a BojHHHxe CTaHOBe ii caaraanuiTa. /JpwaBHe 3rpaAe h cypHHpe cy o6hhho ca Biiuie cnpaTOBa a uiKOJie cy caBpeMeHe rpaijeBHHe. Beiia Mecia HMajy o6hmho boaoboa hjih jaBiie dyHape. Cena cy y c.-3. peay odaacTH pasdnjeHor, a y j.-H. peay 3diijeHor Tnna. y caiiBy JThm3 ceaa cy cmapoBjiauiKOz mum Ha Kojn cmo Bets HanuiaH y MopaBCxoj odaacTH h ceBepHoj Bochh (y CiapoMe Bnaxy)„ y canBy Mdpa h Pauixe xao a y OcoroBy ceao 3ay3HMa, caHHHO xao h CTapoBaauixo ceao, Beauxe npociopHje; yiiCK je Ha BHiue dpAa h (5pe>xyjbaikh jeAHO dpAo. IJeMaTCxe xyfee pepoBHo npnnaAajy jeAHoj, pejje HexoanxiiM nopoAHpaMa. CynpoTF.o ceaHMa. CTapoBaamxor THna, xyhe cy y peMarHMa y rycTO, necTo jaxo 36njeHe, caMO cy peMani jeAaH oa Apyror MaxoM BHiue ypajbeHH Hero xpajeBH Han 3aceopn CTapoBaamxor ceaa. OBaxBa ceaa ce jasjbajy caMO Ha 3eMJBHiiiTy HcnpecepanoM MHorodpojiiHM AoaHHaMa h japyraMa ca ay^hhom oa 300--400 m. h ca CTpMHM CTpaHaMa. /JoaiiHe obhx peanpa h noToxa cacBHM cy 65 ysaHe. M3Aieljy h>hx ce ftHWv BetiHHOM 3aBpuiKacTH dperoBH m 6pfla, a Hacejba cy Ha h>hxobhm BpxoBHMa h daaruM erpaHaAia. Ceaa y CxoncKoj LjpHoj Popn h y TeTOBCKoj kotjihhh hctof cy Tuna icao h y thmohkom daceHy. OBa ceaa mnMomoz mnna cy 3dHjeHa, OKpyraacTor naH osaaHor odanxa, ca BHjyraBHM h Kpn bum coKapTMa h BehuM npa3HHM npocTopoM, cpeflceao mu 3dopnao y cpe^HHH ceaa. y JywHOj MopaBH, na KocoBy h y MetoxHjH cejia cy hhux- jiymcoz mnna xoja cy CBoj canaabH odann: floonjia yTiiuajeM Typaxa. Oea aeace y paBmmaiua, hjih no my KOTJiHHa h hjioahhx AoanHa. MAia hx ABe BpcT6: HHTjiyHKO ceao npBe Bpcie HAia oSjihk KBa- ApaTa mu je cacxaBTbeHo H3 BHuie Aeaoea Tax'Bor odaHKa. CipaHe KBaApaTa anne HH30BH oa naeyAaaHor pe>Kfma HHTayipa n aHTayaxa ce a npeTBapajy ce y caodoAHa ceaa h npHdanaoBajy ceanAia tbmohkot na n MansaHCKor Tima. /Joyra ce Meitajy y ujyMaAiijcKH h udapcxH thh. OBaKBa ceaa rnwajy cbh ocTaan joui HecnoAienyTH KpajeBH OBe odaacTH; aan y nniMa unax npenaaijyjy ceaa 3dnjenor Tuna Ha KojuMa ce Atame nan BMine ocehajy yTHuajn HHTay hkot ypeijetta. Kyha obhx .ceaa je 3anaAHO h ceBepHO oa Mdpa Spsnapa, a y JyJKHoj MopaBH Mopancm Kyha. Ha dpBHapy cmo Bets Haimuni y ropoBHTHM h mvMOBHTHM .KpajeBHAia AiopaBcxe odaacTH n ce- BepHe BocHe. Mopaecxa je xyba pacnpocTpameHa y peaoj AoaHHH MopaBe h y AoaimaAia H>eHnx npHTOKa (y Koanxo nnje 3aAieH>eHa HOBOAl KyliOAl). y ca«By BapAapa HAia nopeA nmjmjCKe xyfee Hajpa3HOBp- CHHjnx xyfea. CBe ce rpaAe noraaBHTO oa naeTepn h heprinna. OHe cy hccto AsocnpaTHe n mxoM. BeawKe, jep cnopeAHHx 3rpaAa HA\a Taxo Aiaao Aa ce KaTKaaa h CToxa h CTOBHa xpaHa ap>kh y Kyfai. OBe Kyfce, h OHe ca jeAHHAi cnpaTOM, xnwajy yBeK Biiuie OAea>en.a, ana cy necTo HeoaeriajCHe h HeoKpeneHe. Hexe cy no- KpuBeHe pa>KaHOM caaAioAi a kpobhhom, KaTKaAa de3 opaxa 11 de 3 npo3opa y TeTOBCKoj KOTaiiHH h y AoaxiHH BapAapa oa CKonaa 66 AO Beaeca Kyfee cy peflOBHO ABoenparae h orpaijeHe KaMeHUM 3HflOM. y npocTpaHOM ABopmiiTy Hajia3H ce Kyfea, aw6ap h koiu, Ctokh ce ap>kh y OAea>eiHbHMa npH3eMHor cnpaTa. y mapcKHM wynajwa Kyhe cy necTo 3HAaHe oa KaMeHa; no- KpHBeHe cy pa>K3HOM caaMOM, pe^e feepaMHAOM. CBaKH je abop 3haom orpatjeH. ^BoenpaTHe Kyfee obhx >Kyna cy BeaHKe jep HMa AOCTa 3aApyra ca 40—50 naaHOBa. OBaKBe cy h apHayTCKe Kyhe oBe ofiaacTH, y koahko HHcy Kyae: BeaHKe, oa KaMeHa 3HAaHe, OKpeneHe h feepaMHAOM noKpuBeHe. HutpHHjcne nyhe cy Hajneuifee Kyfeepyn oa naeiepH hah feep- nma, HeoKpeneHe, noKpHBeHe caaMOM, peije feepaMHAo.M, a cadoje ce, no npaBiiay, oa jeAHe Maae cyBOTe, peTKO oa ABe. Obh 6eAHH CTaHOBH cy y mhothm KpajeBHMa nocae ocao60^eft>a, 1912, roA-, npenHaaeHH, no6oa>maHH. y MeTOXHjH, HoBO-na3apcKOM CaHyaxy h Ha KocoBy HMa MHoro icyna Kao h y Eochh. Ha b3>khh]hm KOMyHHKaynjaMa Haaa3e ce npocTpaHH xclhobh . Mamcumpn cy BehuHOM coahaho 3HAaHH. CBe 3rpaAe, ca ypKBOM, orpaijeHe 3 haom, doje y ABopHimy. M3 CBera OBora ce bhah Aa fee ce necTO Mopara npaMeHHTH jiozopoBcme. MecTa 3a aorope HMa AOAyme CByAa h y nnjafcoj boah ce He ocxyAeBa, ceM Ha OBaeM iloa^y h y neuiTepy. Aah y BefeHM KOTAHHaMa, y okoahhh Befewx Hacea>a h Ay>K raaBHHx KOMyHHxayHja, Taxo pefeH, HeMa APBa. M y caaMH h y ceay ocxyAeBa ce. 8. MaTepHjajiHa cpe^cTBa. \ Ca KyKypy30M, muenaqoM h cenoM je caMO npeAeo H3Meijy Tape h M6pa cnpoMainaH; y bcahkhm KOTAHHaMa ocTaanx KpajeBa npoH3BOAH ce eHuie ho ihto je CTaHOBHHiHTBy noTpe^HO. Pozame MapBe, caador KBaanTeia AOAyme, HMa mhoto, Hapo- hhto K03a h oBaya. Kaxo y naaHHHaMa Taxo h no KOTAHHaMa HMa AodpHX nauiH>aKa, Ha KojHMa ce aeTH Haaa3e MHoroSpojHa CTaAa. Mahhobh h nexapHnye cy Maae h npHMHTHBHe. MHAycTpajcKH npoH3BOAH, naK h aPBo 3a rpaijy ce yB03e. CnadpeBawe je, pijaBHM caoOpafeajHHM npnaHKaMa, BeoMa OTewaHo. 67 IV. BAPflAPCKA WJM MAKE/JOHCKA OEJIACT. 1. OnuiTH nperaeA,. OBa je oSjiacT OHBHHeHa Ha HCTOKy BeHmuwa riHHAOBor cnaeTa, a Ha 3anaay H36nja Ha dyrapcxy rpaHHpy. Y MepHflHOHajiHOM npaBuy npocTHpe ce oa CxoncKe KOTaHHe h EperaaHHpe «o rpaxe rpaHHpe. ripo^ecop r. JosaH LjBHjHfc onHcyje oBy o6aacr oa npn- aHKe OBaKO 14 ): y MopcJiojioiHKOM noraefly HeMa 3HaTHnjnx pa3aHKa lH3Me^y Bapaapcne ofiaacTH h PauiKe. Mctohhh ago BapAapcxe odaacra cacTaBa>eH je oa KpHCTaaacTHx iHKpna>apa h rpaHHTa poAoncxor CHdeMa a 3anaAHH oa KpucTaaacTux uiKpHa>apa nepncrepa h Hnne, saTHM oa nemnapa, cepneHTHHa h Kpenttana nHHACKor CHCTeMa. SanaAHH Aeo je HajBHmn; MHore naaHHHe Kao llepHCTep, Hnne, CToroBO, JafiaaHHpa, Kopa(5, EncTpa npeaa3e BHCHHy oa 2000 m. MHoroSpojHH SaceHH OBe odaacTH Matter cy npocTpaHCTBa Hero naaHHHe Koje hx pa3ABajajy; 36or Tora OHa hhhh yracaK naa- HHHCKe oflaacTH. y yHyTpauittocTH ce npywajy ABe BeaHKe noToaHHe y npaBpy npeMa j.-H. OHe cy MeljycoOHO OABojeHe npocTpaHHM naaaHHCKHM MacHBHMa JaKynnpe h Hune. To cy KOTaHHe y AoaHHH BapAapa na HCTOKy h hh 3 npocTpaHHx, hhckhm npeBojHMa cnojeHHx, 6aceHa TeTOBa, KnaeBa, Ilpuaena h, OeaaroHHje Ha 3anaAy. MMa pa3aHKe H3Meljy SaceHa 3anaAHe MaKeAOHHje h KOTanaa BapAapa. J\na npBHx cy Befee bhchhc Hero KOTaHHe y BapAapcKoj AoaHHH. y He«HM cy Beanaa je3epa, (flpecnaHCKO, OxpnACKo); ttHxoBa ce KaHMa He pa3HHKyje mhoto oa OHe Paimce. OAaHKyjy ce BehHM KoaHHHHaMa KHUie h oSaanHM CHeroM, CBewnjHM aeTOM, ouiTpnjoM 3 hmom, H3y3eB AeCiapcKe KOTaHHe, rAe ce y HeKoaHKO ocehajy yrapajn jaapaHCKe KaHMe. OaaHHHe Koje hx OKpyacyjy aecro cy noKpHBeHe ruyMOM, npoTHBHO oroaffheHHM bhcobhm 3 Ha BapAapy. y bkcokhm 6aceHHMa y raaBHOM ycneBajy uepeaanje. BohKe cy yonuire peTKe. Obac je CTonapcTBo, TaKolje, 3HatHO pa3BHjeHO. 06aH>Ktte bhcokc naaHHHe cy CTaHHUiTa CTonapa Kojn ce Kpehy 3 hmh Ha ncnauie y jaApaHCKO h erejcKO npHMopje. CynpoTHO bhcokhm SaceHHMa na 3anaAy, dacemi y AoaHHH BapAapa, h y oSaacTH Aaa>e na HCTOKy, HHcy jeAHe oa APyrnx OABojeHe bhcokhm naaHHHaMa. OHe cy Me^yco6HO Be3aHe, nones 14 ) Jorum IJriujuti: BaanaHCKO IloayocTpBO. 5 * 68 os OBner riojba Ha ceBepy, na so CTpyMupe h so 'EeBijejinje Ha jyry h hhh 6, y CTBapH, orpoMHy noTOJiHHy. Ochm Tora, ibhxobo Sho je cee Hn>Ke y kojihko cy KOTJiHHe 6jinw:e ErejcKOM Mopy, h y TecHoj cy Be3H ca ManesoHCKHM npHMopjeM nos niijiiAi je jaKHM yrapajeM H>HXOBa KJiHMa a Bereiaquja. CTpaHe obhx 6acena cy noTnyHO oroaHfeeHe. Totobo HeMa npocTpaHHX uiyMa, nan h Ha bmcokhm naaHHHaMa Koje pa3SBajajy kotjihhc. CieHe cy hccto oroanheHe. lfey3eB rjiaBHiix pens, Kao hito cy Bapsap h U,pHa, ocTajie npecymyjy 3a BpeMe Jieia hjih ce r^6e y necKOBHTOM HaHOcy. 36or perKHx jieTitHx Kinua yceBH He ycneBajy ano ce He HaBOSH>aBajy. 2. IljiaHHHe, A0JIHH6 H KOTJiHHe. Bapsapcxa oOnacT je Ha 3anasy 3arpa^eHa bhcokhm njiaHK- HaMa ajinHjcKor KapaKTepa, Koje npunasajy BehHHOM EIhhsoboai cnjieTy h HHHe BososejiHHqy K3Me^y JaspaHCKor h Erejcnor cjiHBa. To cy Befe cnoMeHyTa Pypom, HaciasaK LLJape 3anasno os Te- tobckot 6aceHa. Ohh je npeBojeM os 1350 ai bhchhc hctohho os M aBpoBHx xaHOBa H3Aieljy ropiter Bapsapa h PasHKe (npHToxe LjpHor /|pHMa) cnojeHa ca BncmpoM. Ca one npejia3H BososejiHHqa Ha CmozoBo (2297 ai) na Ha npocmpancuy h MumcKy naaHHHy h Haj3as Ha Ba6y (IlepHCTep 2552 ai) Kojy cene rpaHHqa ca Fphkom. M3Meijy PasHKe h Ljpnor /JpnM'a nosn>Ky ce xeiuKO npncTynHH Kopao (2600 m) h /femam (1800 m) Hiij hm rpeSenoM Hse Hama rpamma ca Aji(5aHnjoM, OBa ce c OHe CTpaHe /(pima nposywyje- Ha rpedeny Ja6jiaHnu,e (2312 m) Koja ce koa J\m& aaBpinaBa Ha OxpascKOM je3epy. M3Meijy OxpuscKor h flpecnaHCKor je3epa nosH>Ke ce rona, cxpAia a CTeHOBma ranmiiua (2380 m). CBe cy ose njiamme y hhjkhm naprajaMa noKpHBeHe BHUie hjih MaH>e peraoM rnyMOM a y ropmHM njiaHHHCKHM naimtaipMa, npoxosHoCT h HacejteHocT cy BeoMa cjiaSe. KoMyHHKaqnja hms BeoMa Majio; HajBaiKHHje cy: nyr H3 To^THBapa npexo Maspoanx xaHosa y AOJiHHy PasHKe h sajte npexo BpaTa y riHmKonejy; KOftCKa CTa3a H3 KnaeBa npexo M3Bopa y /3,e6ap; spyAi h >Ke;ie- 3HH c iKa npyra ycxor KOJioceKa H3 KuneBa y Oxpns h spyjw H3 BHTOJba y Pecny h saa>e npeKO 1189 m BHCoxor npeBoja kos KpyiHHja y Oxpns. HaBeseHe njiamme osBajajy Ainore, nomyMJbene orpaHKe cpes- h>hx njiaHHHa Koje ce 3aBpmaBajy na jiHHnjn Epos, KpyiueBo, HarapeBO, t. j. na hbhph KpyuieBCKO-6HTOJbCKor 6aceHa. Taxo je 69 - BHCTpa ByKOBHKOM Be3ana ca CyxoM TopoM hctohho oa TeTOBa h Ha Taj HaHHH TeTOBCKH daceH noTnyHO onKOJteH njiaHHHaMa, na KojHMa HMa caAio Aea yAodHa npejia3a: je^an Ha nyTy H3 Te¬ TOBa y Cie LjpHe h BpoACKHM npeBojeM ca Khhcbckom kotjihhom, a Ha jyry ce npo- Aywyje c OHe CTpaHe rpaiiHqe Ha rparoj TepuTopHjH h npejia3H npeKo hhckhx npeBJiaxa y Kajajiapcxo nojbe (Capnijoji). Hctohho oa dHTOJbCKor daceHa noAHJKe ce h rpaHa CBe j\o I^pHe CeneHKa unamma (1508 m). Ha AecHoj CTpaHH LjpHe npy- >Kajy ce, y npaBqy j.-3. — c.-h. oa CapnljOJicKe kotjihhc CBe ao B apAapcxe Kjmcype, /(eMupKaniije, MopnxoBCKO-MeznencKe unaume. Ay® ftiixoBor c.-3. noAHO>Kja npocTHpe ce, Ha ode CTpaHe UjpHe, oa CKOHHBHpcKe KJincype KojoM U(pHa HanyuiTa BHTOJbCKy kotjihhv CB e ao THKBema, Bucoxa njiamiHCKa kotjihhh Mopnxom (bhcokh oko 1000 m, Ayra oko 50 km), HajBeha hivmobhth npeAeo Maxe- AOHHje, y Kojn cy yceneHe ysaHe h Aydoxe AOJiHHe LjpHe h rbeirnx npin'OKa. Ha rpHKOM, j.-n. noAHO>Kjy cnoMeHyrax njiaHHHa Hajia3H ce paBHHpa MeeneH, no3HaTa CBOjoM njiOAHomliy. MopaxoBcxo-MenieHCKe njiamme cy cacraBJbeae npBeHCTBeHo oa KpncTajiacTHX HJKpwjbaua, h 33THM oa Kpearbaxa; ceM Tora HMa h aocth epynTHBHHX CTeHa. Hdhxob HajBelni Aeo je Hme ca KajMaKHajianoM (2525 m), oa xora njiaHHHa npeMa j.-3. onapa no bhchhh h npejia3H y hhckh rpedea Mcuie Hme, xoja na rpnKoj TepHTopujn pa3ABaja SHTOJbcxy n CapnljoJiCKy KOTjiHHy. npeMa c.-h. BHcnna njiaHHHe na JJo6pou nojby (1700 m) ncnpsa ce CMa- Hbyje, Aaa>e ce oneT noBehaBa y Komytpy h Aocewe y Jlypnu,n 70 2180 m. OflaB^e naaHHHe ona«ajy npeMa /(eMHpKannjH Ha Bap- «apy (Mapujanchce unamine) h npeMa ToeB^e^nju. OHe OABajajy orpanKe npeMa CojiyHCKOM noa>y (flajaK 980 m) h npeMa H,h- raHCKoj KJincypn Ha BapAapy (Taupcm 1150 m). H3Meijy npnjiencKe n CKoncKe KOTaHHe h H3Metjy TpecKe h BapAapa rpaHa ce naaHHHCKa rpyna JaKymqe. Hboj Ha jyry npn- nafla Ba6yna Koja je Be3aHa ca CeaenicoM naaHHHOM. llpeKO H>e BOAe KOMyHHKapnje H3 npnaena y AoaHHy BapAapa: npeiKejie3Hm;a ycKor Koaocexa y THKBeui (rpaACKo h KpiiBOJiaK) h npexo npncaAa (1048 m) y Beaec. Ha- CTaBaK EadyHe je JJaymm^a (BHina oa 2000 m), KpeHitaHKa naa- HHHa ca mhothm KpacHHM odanpHAia. Oa ite ce npywa c.-h. Bpm- Kacra rpedeH rosieiumufe Kojn Aonnpe ceBepHO oa Beaeca ao BapAapa. y cpeAHHH peaor npodpanor MacnBa noAH>Ke ce iberos HajBHuin Bpx JaKynmfa (2530 m) no Kojoj HMa iAeo MacHB CBOje HMe. Ha ceBepy ce npy>Ka ao CKOncxe KOTaime Ccljiokobo h Ka- papnifa. CpeAfta BHCHHa najBHinKX rpedena je oko 2000 m, aaa MHorn BpxoBH AOce>Ky Befee BHCHHe. IJjeo mbchb je cacfaBJbeH oa uiKpna>ania, am y 3anaAHOM nejiy (/jayrapa, Kapapnpa) HMa jne- deanx caojeBa KpentbaKa, ycaeA nera je nojaBa xpaca npnaHHHO pa_3BHjeHa. CBe cy naaHHHe doraTe y H3BopnMa h TexyliHM bo- AaMa a HMajy npnaHHHo inyMa n MHore npocipaHe naaiiHHCKe nauiBbaKe. Mctohho oa BapAapa cy naaHHHe 3HaTHO HHjxe Hero 3a- naAHO oa noMeHyTe pexe. OHe HMajy BehHM AeaoM npaBap npy- >KaHba oa 3. npeMa h. JyWHO oa EperaaHHpe a hctohho oa UlTHna noAHwe ce IlMHhamiqa (HyntiHO 1550 m), nnja HacTaBaK, Ozpa>K- pen (1600 m) odyxBa r ra H3BopHuiTe Bperaamipe ca jyjKne CTpane. Ha ropKboj EperaaHHpn Haaa3e ce bhcokc, Man>e KOTaHHe Maneui (700 m) h Pbijanaii Koje cy ca CBHjy crpaHa onKOJteHe npnaHHHO myMOBHTHM naaHHHaMa. OHe Ha HCTOHHOj CTpaHH HllHe BOAOMe^y npeMa canBy CTpyAie h 30By ce ManeuxeBCKe ujianme. OHe ce Ha ceBepy nacTaBa>ajy y dmaopy (1495 m) xojn je Be3an ca OcoroBCKHM naaHHHaMa, CBe OBe naaHHHe caCTaBa>eHe cy oa KpucTaaacTHx wiapa h rpaHHTa. npexo h>hx HMa BeoMa Maao KOMyHHKapHja; HajBa>KHHje cy Apy« KojH boah H3 CipyMHpe y nexneBo a nyr hs nexnesa y Epecmipy, y AGaHHH CrpyMe. Jy>KHO oa naaHKaBHpe h Orpa>KAeHa Haaa3H ce naoAHa CmpyMmm AoaMHa, xoja ce Ha 3anaAy iiacTaBa>a y Koxamm ono PapoBHiuma. jy>KHO oa CTpyMHpe noAnxce ce BHCOKa, dpMa 71 H CTeHOBHTa BejiacHU,a Ha Kojoj ce HaaasH xpoAielja Haiue Kpa- jteBHHe, ByrapcKe h TpaKe (Ty>xda 1494 m). Sana^HH HacTaBaK Beaacime je Ujiayui xojH y /JeMHpKannjH Aonnpe ao Bapsapa. jy>KHo oa /jeMHpKannje npocxape ce, na ode CTpaHe BapAapa 'BeB^e/iHjcKa KoxaHHa, noja je Ha jyry, Ha rpwoj xepHxopHjn LJh- rancKOM KJiHcypoM cnojeHa ca CojiyncKOM KaMnajtoM. 3. Pefc'e h jesepa. CBe pexe OBe odaacxH, naK h Behe, HMajy CBe ao ibhxobhx AOHdHX TOKOBa ocodiiHe dyjnpe; BeoMa npoMeHJtHBO CTaH>e BOAe, BeaHKe pa3aHKe y cxa^y BOAe, Harae, o6hhho h dp3e BeaHKe BOAe h npocTpaHe nonaaBe. KaA boab HaHfje, noAH3aH,e AioeroBa je HeMoryhe. ycaeA BeaHKHX rnxexa xoje BeaHKe BOAe HaHOce mo- CX0BHM3, HM3 HX BCOMa MaaO, BehHHOM CaMO APB6HHX, npHMK- thbhhx MOCTOBa. Pexe ce HHKaA He saaeAe. Bappap ce Moaer xoxa, aeTH m y paHy jeceH aax h y AOH>eM TOKy. Ha H>eMy KMa mhotmx jxeaesHHHKHX h Asaao APyMCKHX MoexoBa. y Mapxy h anpuay HaAQije, ycaeA xonaeita CHera, pexa m naaBH npocTpaHe npeAeae ay>k pexe. HHaae cy BeaHKe BOAe BeoAia peTKe. Pexa je hh3boaho oa TpaAepa cnaaBHa. npe H3paAe aKe, npHMUTKBHe aaije. CaAa ce 3dor aeBpHXHja a nanxeapa He bpujh HHKaKBa naoBHAda. Cee ocTaae pexe (UpriH ,3,pnM, U,pna) npespeKe cy y BojHOM noraeAy caAio npHBpeAieHo, KaA Bopa HaAoije. MaKeAOHCKa jesepa, Oxphacko (aydoKo 286 m), IlpecnaHCKo (AydoKQ 54 m), /jojpaHCKO, HMajy npoMeHa>HBO cxaite BOAe a naaBe 3hmh 3eM/bHUJTe ay>k h>mxobhx hhckhx odaaa. Osa je3epa, napoHHTo Oxphacko, doraTa cy padaMa. 4. KJiHMa h BApaBCTBeHe npHJiHKe. Kanma MaxeAOHHje urn, ycaeA BeaHKHX pasaHKa y bmchhh SHarae eKCTpeMe, J\ok bhlhh naaHHHCKH npeAean HMajy sumy oa nex Mecepa, ocxaje y Baxoa>CKoj KOxaHHH CHer caMO iicKoaHKO Aaaa. 3axo je jiemo y hh>khm npeAeaHMa Bpao wapno. TpajHe xonaoxe Behe oa 30° Lj, y xaaAOBHHH (hhk h ao 45° H,), Aoexa cy aecxe, Snaxae pasaHKe y xonaoxH, Aa«>y h Hoiry, npoyapoKyjy Ha3ede. AmMOC(pepCKH TcUior je y 3anaAHOM Aeay jaan Hero y hctohhom. Oh je Ha ceBepy pacnopefjeH npexo peae roAHHe. Ha jyry je aexo 72 (oa jyjia ao cenTeAifipa) ckopo £>e3 KHiue; a y npoaeke (anpria, Maj) h no3ny jeceH (HOBeMCap, AepeM6ap) naAajy jane KHiue Koje KBape CBe n>TeBe, HapoHirro npnpoAHe, h y paBHimcTHM npeAe- JiHMa CAiafbyjy npoxoAnocT. y iuiaHHHCKHM KpajeBHMa je kjihm 3 3ApaBa; HHane je Aiaaa- pwja Hapiemka 6oaecT. Ona ce jaBa>a y CB.nvia npeAeatma y ko- jHMa HMa Moaapa h 6apa a HajonacHHja je y no3Ho Jiem 5. KoMyHHKauHje. }Kene3Hmm Mpewa oBe o6nacTn je BeoMa caa(5o pa3BnjeHa. Totobo jeflHHa npyra HopMajiHor Koaocexa Koja npoaa3n peaOM oSaaurky je OHa Koja boah aojihhom BapAapa, HajBeknAi Ae-'iOM Ha AecHoj o6ajin oa CKona>a npeKO Beaeca, TpaACKor, TaeBljenHje y Cojiyu. Oa fte ce OflBajajy caMO npyre ycxor Koaocexa (/JeKOBHa 0.60 a\): XaHpajeBO koa Cia—T ctobo— rocTHBap—KwHeBO— OxpHA—CTpyra h TpaACKO—ripnaen—B htojl. Ehtojb je npyroM HopAraaHor Koaocexa npexo OcTpoBa Be3aH ca CoajHOAi. TpaHcnopTHa Aiok cbhx obhx npyra je BeoAta caa6a, Hapo- hhto Ha HaBeACHHAi /I,eKOBna-npyraAia Ha KojHMa je caodpakaj, nopeA Tora, h aocth HecnrypaH. 3a cyBe KOMyrnKapuje MaxeAOHHje Ba>KH y noraepy onuiTHx ocoOicHa oho mcto uito je Bek peneHP 3a nyTeBe Pauixe. llopeA kowckhx cma3a, Koje h y MaKeAOHHja HHHe HajBajKanjy KOAiyHH- Kapujy, y paBHHsaCTWAi npeAeaima HAia HeKOJiHKO up ipopunx koji- ckhx uymeBa u BemKMx APywoBa. LLIto ce TMHe npaBpa, Aiowe ce pekii as Haj6oa>H nyTeBH BOAe, ycaeA BHCHHCKor o6awKHOAi. y 30- HaMa AiaHeBapCKor 3eAiJi>HiiiTa Ay>K BapAapa h y HH3y seaHKHX noTOJiHHa Ha 3anaAy (TeTJBCKe, KaneB Ke, npaaencxe h (5nTOJbCKe) H3 npocropaje Tctobj — Ccon/be — Oane rip^te BOAe AiecTHMape 2—3, am xpo3 caMO no jeaaH kojickh nyT npewa rpnKoj rpaHHpw. y caoSpakajaoAi n BPjao.vi norneny HajBaHwaje KOMyHHKaijBje BOAe y 6aceHy BapAapa. Hy o’ba 2 c y npaaaKe hctohho oa pexe, Ha aesoj o6am (hbjkp naaaHHe, noSplja h 6p3HHnje 3a pa3BHTaK KOMyHHKapBja Hero 3anaAHO, Ha AOCHoj o6am. Koacxn nyieBH AiHA!onaa3e Kaacype BapAapeBe Aoaiwe a BOAe npexo UlTHna, Pa- AOBHuita h CrpyAiHpe. 73 M3Meijy 06 a npaBpa nocToje caMo «Ba kojiceo nyTa h hcko- JIHKO KOHbCKHX CTa3a: 1. KOftcKa CTa3a CiKaBHH ApyM); 3. kojickh nyr rpapcKO—IlpHJien—E htojl (orjiameH 3a ap- '/KaBHH flpyiVl) II 4. KOibCKa dasa TpaacKO—B htojb aojihhom U,pHe. Oa KOMyHHKapnja ay>K Bapaapa Boae npexo SyrapcKe rpa- HHpe y pojiHHy OrpyMe: 1. kojickh nyT Beaec— UlTHn— Konane— LJapeBO Cejio — Flex- H 6 BO—BepoBO (orjiaineH 3a ap^sbhh ApyM) ca KpaxoBHMa LI,apeBo Cejio—IJyMaja a riexneBO—BpecHHpa; 2. kojickh nyT LLlTHn — PaaoBHuiTe — CTpyMHpa—JeHHKej — IleTpHH. Oa nyTa TocTHBap—K hmcbo —Ij,ep— Ehtojb Boae npeiHjeHor THna. Taao cy cejia y nejiaroHiijn, ripiuienCKoj kotjihhh h oko 'BeBijejinje MHTjiynKor THna, cjinnea ikhjih cy ce THnoBH cejia, ocjioSotjeHHX (JieyaajiHor pewHMa cejiy thmohkot THna. Y cjio 6 oahhm cejiHMa npeBJia^ajiH cy rpnKo- MeuHTepaHCKH yTHpajn. Ta cejia HMajy Bpjio 30HjeHe KyKe, 3iipaHe oa KaMSHa hjih op fcepnHHa, noKpHBeHe njionaMa hjih pa3HHM BpcTaMa ppena. Cejia y tctobckom daceHy cy pa 36 HjeHor THna, cjiHHHa Kao y cjiHBy M5pa; noAejteHa cy Ha yeMaTe ca neCTO Bpjio 36HjeHHM KyhaMa h 3ay3HMajy BejiHKe npocTopnje. 74 Kyh.e cy jy>KHo oa Bejieca CBe ao A eMH P _KanH j e > 3aTHM y AedapcKHM h dHTOJbCKHM KpajeBHMa jeAHoenpaTHe, oa naeiepK h hepnana, necro noKpHBeHe pawaHOM caaMOM, oko MaBpoBa HCTe Kao h y ropH>eM caHBy BapAapa, Aaocnpame, orpaijeHe 3 Haom h noKpHBeHe hepaMHAOM. y dHToa>CKO-npHaencKoj kotjihhh HMa join AOCTa npaBHX HinjiHHjcKHx Kyha, deAHnx KyhepaKa oa naeiepn hjih hepnana, HeoKpeaeHHx, noKpHBeHHx caaMOM, Kojn ce cacToje, na npaBHay, oa jeAHe Maae cyBOTe, peiKO oa ABe. y MaKeAOHujH HMa AOCTa TypcK0-HCT0HH>a4KHx Kyha, Hapo- 4hto y HCJiaMH3HpaHHM KpajeBHMa (Ha BapAapy hh3Boaho oa Beaeca, oko UJTHna, y AoaHHH CTpyMiipe). Ha OBy Kyhy cmo seh HaniujiH y MycaHMaHCKHM KpajeBHMa BocHe: ABopwiiTa cy orpaljena bhcokhm 3haom h KaaAPMHcaHa; Kyhe, oa hennana Han naeiepn, OKpeneHe h MaxoM hepaMHAOM noKpHBeHe, HMajy ABa cnpaTa. CMemmajne apiimiKe cy, AaKae, cannae Kao h y PauiKoj, pijaBe, HapoHHTO no ceaima nnje cy Kyhe necTO deAHe, Maae H HenHCTe. Behe jeAHHHpe Mopahe, ciora, ceM y BeanKHM KOTaiiHaMa, yBeK dHBaKOBaTH. noTpedHHX cpeACTaBa 3a aoropoBaite, Kao caaMa h APBa, neMa y mhothm KpajeBHMa. 7. MaTepnjaaHa cpe^CTBa. CBaxe ce roAHHe H3ao3e 3H3 thh bhiukobh Kynypy3a, maemu,e, pawn h nacy/ba. M nKpiman ce Heryje y hhckhm npeAeaHMa. >KeTBa noHHHbe y Majy h Tpaje ao jyaa. y pepeaanjaMa ce ocxyAeBa caMO y naaHHHaMa. HMa Maao 3 o6h a mhoi-hx, dorarax nauiibaKa. y BHTO.fby h npnaeny nodoje napHH MaHHOBH, a y cbhmh Behim MecTHMa MHore neKapHi-ipe. y ciaoifH, jipmiMa h y Bopii He ocnyAeBa ce, ceM Ha aeBoj odaan BapAapa, rae HMa Bpao Maao rnyMa. CaMO cy BHuie naaHHHe ocicyAHe y cpeACTBHMa aa HcxpaHy Tpyna. V. ^HHAPCKA gejiact. OBy odaacT hhhh 80 — 130 km iuhpokh nojac H3Meijy odaaa JaApaHCKor Mopa h aHHHje neh— 4>ona—ropibH BaKy—CaHCKH Moct—K pyna—KapaoBap—Jbyda>aHa. Bboj npnnaAa reorpat})CKH peao jaApaHCKo ocTpBa>e, Mcipa h TopHuiKa ao Cone. Ljeaa ce odaacT 3HaTiio pa3aHKyje oa cyceAHHx odaacin Ha ceBepo-HCTOKy h HcnysbeHa je CKopo norayHo KpacnuM unatimaMa, CTpjiiiM, Me- CTHMHpe Bpao bhcokhm aaHpHMa h naonaMa MopcKoj odaan napa- 75 jiejiHor npaBpa npyjKabba. Pammacmo 3 eMMiuime je Maaax pa- 3Mepa; HiiHe ra y3ane npaMopcae paBHHpe h nojba y yHyTpaui- Bbocm ^ojiHHe jaflpancKHx peaa cy BekaHOM y3aHe cyTecxe aoje cy noAecHe 3a KOMyHHKapaje. Ha HexaM MecTHMa onaAajy aacoxe nAaHHHe CTpMO a HenocpeAHO y Mope; npeKO H>eHax naABHa BOAe caMO HeKOABKM nyTeBa y yHyipamiBOCT. U,eAa OBa odaacT 3arpa- ^yje A^KAe cyceAHe odAacTa Ha c.-a. oa Mopa. Hy, npacTaHauiTa HMa AiHorax a Aodpax. Caada KOMyHHKaTHBHOCT a npoxoAHOCT, ocxyAHua y ceaMa cpeACTBHMa, ne th a y boah, caada HacejbeHOCT a eapecaBHa kahmb HHHe oa oBe odAacra BeoMa meumy oaepa- ifnjcky 3ony. Haponaio onepapaje, naja npaBan, boah H3 npaMopja y yHyTpaujftocT, oiewaHe cy nonpenHHM bhcokhm njiaHanaMa npeno Kojax BOAe caMO peTKe KOMyHHKapaje. Ljeaa odnacT ce HaponaTO oAAHKyje Hajpa3HOBpcHajaM upa- chhm nojaBaMa, Kao ihto cy uikpane, Bpmane koje no npaBany Hacy ‘ Befoer npeHHHKa oa aoje AeceTHHe Meiapa, 3axaM yBane, H3Ay>KeHe yronernaue Koje peTKO HMajy Bauie oa jeAaH KanoMeiap Ay>KHHe a Ha najeiu pay HMa aecTO Baine BpTana, hah bcahkh KpacHH daceHH, Kpacna uojba, Koja Aocrawy 50—60 km Ay>KHHe a 10—15 km uiapHHe. PeTiyjy Ha AHy KpacHax noA>a a yBana, ryde ce y nonopaMa. HsBOpa cy Bpoo peTKa; ohh Ha Koje ce HaHA33H HecTO a3A33e H3 nekaHa. IlpocTpaHe odnaera HeMajy H3Bopa a peaHHx TOKOBa. JbyAH a ctck3 HMajy Ha pacnoAOKeay caMO KimiHHny npaKynjbeHy y pacTepHaMa h MHoro nare, Hapo- hhto 3a BpeMe neia, 3dor ocayAape y CBe>Koj boah. /JiiHapcKH Kpac a^ah ce na odAaeT HAaHHHe, Ha HpaMopje (jaApaHCKy odaAy) a 3aropy iKy noneBma oa 850 na AO 2000 m BHcane. M3HaA HajBame noBpuia HanpacHO ce Aa>Ky HajBHUin AanapcKH rpedeaa a BpxoBa: bpxobh Ha ripoKAeiajaMa Koja npeaase 2600 m, na /JypMHTopy, KoMOBHMa, npexo 2500 m, Apyra Koja npeAa3e 2000 m, ia: LJeTaibCKO, TpaxoBO, HaianafccKO (y LJpHoj Fopa), TaTaaKO, HeBecafbCKo, TaaMOMKO, Kynpemao, yBaibCKO, JlHBaibCKO (y Bochh h XepperoBHHa), OToapa a Jlnxe (y XpBaT- CKoj), LJapKHape a IljiaHHHe (y KpasbCKoj) a flpyra, a ibhxobo je 3eMa>auiTe aecio noKpuBeHO je3epcKHM HacaaraMa, pelje peaHHM 'JiJi>yHKOMj He peTKO BeaHKHM MacaMa ppBeHape a APyrax TaaHa Koje cy OBfle HaHeceHe. naaaaHCKe CTpaHe, Koje cy oapeHyTe jyry, noKpHBeHe cy aeTa npocrpaHHM naiufoapaMa a aaBapaMa Ha KojaMa ce Hanacajy MHoroSpojHa CTafla OBapa, Maite KpynHa croKa. Ana, aemy ce30Hy 3HaTHO capafcyjy Marae Koje Befc Kpajejvi aBrycTa noCTajy CBe ryuifce h 6p30 nacTvna xaaflHoha a napHe caer Koja, totobo, npexapa KOMyHHKapaje H3Me^y ceaa. FlaaHHHe cy, aaKae, ochm HajBamax BpxoBa, 3ejieHa sona AaHapcKe odaacTa, npoTHBHO ozojmheHoj 3ohh 3arope h flpHMopjy. IlaaHHHe cy noKpHBeHe npocrpaHHM LuyMaMa, HapoaaTO ao BacaHe oa 1600—1700 m. M3HaA uiyMa npociapy ce namifcapa a aanajcae aaBaAe. 3azopa n npmiopje ce 3hhtho pa3aaayjy oa Baconax noBpma aaa naaaaHe. y npaMopjy a 3aropa npeBaa^yjy Haace noBpiua Koje ce Mory npaima oa WcTpe ao Boxe KoTopcae. MecmMape AOCTa liiapoxe Kao y oKoaaHa CKpaaaHa, oHe ce cy>KaBajy Ay«< npaMopcKax CTpaHa BeaeSaia, BaoxoBa a y Eokh rAe npeaa3e y ycay Tepacy. CipMe CTpaae bhcokhx ahhspckhx nnamm, Koje cy y 3aaeijy jaApaacaor npaMopja, OABajajy oSaacTH ca kjihmom peH- TpaaHe EBpone oa ohhx ca MeAHTepaHCKOM KaaMOM. Aaa jaApaaCKa cpeposeMHa KaaMa ce OAaaKyje SypoM, Bpao xaaAHHM BeipoM Koja AyBa ca naaHHHa na 3aropy a FIpaMopje. MeAHTepaHcaa BereTapaja MoaeHHM AeaoBHMa oa 6ype. 3aropa je HajcapoManmaja o6aad y Kpaa>eBHHa. Haaa3eha ce H3Me^y npaMopja a noMeHymx OAceaa, aojaM ce 3aBpinaBajy AaHapcKe naaHHHe, y Hboj HeMa, Kao y npaMopjy, npaxopa oa M opa, hhth oa uiyMa a oa CToaapcTBa Kao y mimmama. OHa je CKopo noTnyHo oCieuiyMJbeHa a oroaalieHa. U,eaa ce oSaacT Mowe noAeaaTa Ha aeTapa OAceKa; to cy 1. U,pHa Topa oa AaSaHCKe rpaHape oa npaaaKe ao aaHaje OpjeH —Maraaii, 2. XepperoBHHa oa npaaaKe ao aaHaje Bhokobg— BpaH —nposopcKO ceAao, 3. CeBepHa /jaaMapaja, 3anaAHa BocHa a Bacoxa XpeaTCKa oa npaaaKe ao aaHaje Kpaaesapa—KapaoBap a 4. KpaFbCKa Kpac ao aaHaje WpAajpa — HApaja — Jby6- a^aHapa. 77 1. UPHA TOPA. a) Il/iaHHHe. Ha rpaHHUH npeMa AjifiaHHjn nos-i>Ky ce npooeraje, KpajHbH jiaHap ^HHapciKa Haj bhuih seo njia- HHe npeMa ncTOKy. Bnc.iHa jom HHje HSMepeHa; CMaTpa ce sa naj bhuih BpxoBH HMajy 2500—2800 m bhchhc (bhsh PauiKa). JyWHii orpaHipi onasajy y sojiHHy /(piiMa h HcnpecepaHH cy soJiKHaMa aeroBHX npHTOKa. Ljeo je npeseo Teiuxo npoxosan, no rpefSeHHMa h CTpaHaMa MecTHMMpe h Henpoxosan, h SecnyTaH. Mm 3 Be/uiKHX myMa h namifcaKa. Kpac je BeoMa jaxo pa3BKjeH Ha j.-3. hbhish a Haane caMO njirrax. Hpexo npofoieraja Bose cbmo HeKOJiHKe kohjCkc CT a3e npexo 1300—1800 m bhcokhx npeBoja KOjH cy 5-6 MecepH 3aBejaHH; peo njiaHHHCKH jiaHap npepcTaBJba cxora oajihhhy Meljy ca AaSaHHjoM. C.-3. os IlpoKJieTHja a os h>hx oseojeHa 6pa3SOM JlaaBCKo SjiaTO — Hjiasa — npesejienKO cepjio - L(HjeBHa — Mopana — CxasapcKO jeaepo — Eojana npocTnpe ce njiaHHHexa h icpuie- BHia LjpHa Topa. Ona je y3sy>KHOM 6pa3S0M Mopane — 3eia — HHKuiHhcKO no/be — J \yra — Fapico nosejbena Ha sea Bpjio pa3- HOJiHKa npepejia: UjpHoropcKa Bpsa Ha c.-h. h UjpHoropcKH Kpac aa j.-3. Epaa cy cacraBJLeHa os 1700-1800 m bhcokox ajinujcKHX noBpuiH ce ctpmhm oscepHMa npeMa sy6oiKy CTenoBHTH. tojih, CTpMH h 3ynnacTH rpedeHH SO 2200-2500 m BHCHHe. Ha noBpuiHMa HMa npocTpaHHX nauntaKa, Kpac je nuHTax ceM y 3anasnoMe sesy. npoKJiernjaMa cy Haj- 6jih>kh Komobh, kos H3Bopa Tape (HajBHiuH Bpx KyHKH Kom 2460 m). HbaxoB ceeepHH HaciaBax je B e/iaiwuja 2117 m. K3Metjy ropae Tape h ropier JIiiMa, xoja sy>K Tape xBaTa Be3y ca JLydHH- hom (2239 m.) (bhsh PauiKa). Komobh h EjejiauiHpa cy 6e3 Kpaca. M3Me^y Mopane h 3eTe nosHHe bhcokb noBpui Je3epa a Haj3aA HajBHuiH Aeo U,pHoropcKHx BpAa, JJypMimop, Kojn ce OAJiHKyje BpuiKacTHM rpeOeHHMa a BeoMa ctpmhm CTpaHaiwa. FBeroB HajBHuiH Bpx je TiapoBa neliHHa (2534 m). CBe OBe noBpuiH sa- BpuiaBajy ce BeoMa ctpmhm h ay^okhm OAcepuMa Ha Tapn h IIhbh. LfpnozopcKH Kpac je 3H3tho hhjkh h npeACTaBa>a y ijeaHHH 3apaBaH Koja CTeneHacTO naAa npeMa JaApaHCKOM Mopy. IBeroBa noBpuinHa ce OAHHKyje MHoroCJpojHHM KpaTKHM KpenitaHKHM pTOBHMa; peTKH cy Behn rpedeHH, KojH 6a ce Moran Ha3Ba™ nnamama. (IlycTH Jlncau 1471 m). M3Meijy &hx cy Aiaaa noa>a, MHoroOpajHa, nopetjeaa oa c.-3. Ha j.-H., MHore yBaae, aojiobh h padypeae BpTaae. M3y3eBuiH aho non>a h yBaaa, OBa noBpmHHa HaaHHKaHa je 3ynnacTHM CTeHaMa. BoAOTOxa HeMa. Obo je Haj- jbyfea xpac AanapcKor cncTeMa Koja ce Ha c.-3. HaciaBJba y Xep- aeroBHHH. IloBpLu je caMO MecTHMHqe noKpHBeHa peTKOM Bere- TauwjoM, TpaBOM a poyn>eM a CByAa BeoMa TeuiKO npoxoAHa. Be- jiHKa jeAHoaHKOCT OTewaBa opajeaTHcaibe y 3H3THoj AiepH, Hapo- hhto y OnyTHoj PyAHHH H3Meijy HHKmnhcKor llojba a TpaxoBa. MBHi^e peae 3apaBHH npeMa /(yrH, npeMa dpa3AH Kophto — Bh- aefca — JIacTBa Ha Tpe6HH>4Hpn xao a npeMa Mopy HHHe bhuih KpacHH rpedeHH. HajBHuiH je OBaj ay>k mopckhx o6aaa, KojH hs- Me^y Opjem (1895 a \) a HoBhena (1759 m) onKoa>aBa Boxy KoTopcKy. npoAy>KyjyhH ce aY>k o6aae HacTaBita ce c cTpaHe CyTOMopcKor npeBoja (Apy« h >Keae3HHija CrapH Bap — Bap- na3ap) Kao PyMnja CBe ao TapaSouia (570 ai) j.-3. oa CKaApa. llaaHHHe cy CTeHOBHTe, CKopo 6e3 npeBoja, roae, Bpao xpmeBHTe h naAajy 1000-500 m aY^oko a Bpao ctpmo npeMa Bokh h o6ana 6 ) ^OJMHe H HH3Hje. PaBHHaacTH npeAean cy Maao npocTpaHH. HajBelie HH3Hje a noa>a cy: Komnmia IlaaBCKor OaaTa xoja je AoOpo KyaTHBHcaHa h rycTO HacejLeHa. 3ema, Ha o6e CTpaHe AOH>e Mopane. J\q o H3Meljy Mopane a l(HjeBHe je KaMeHHTH nauitbaK, nojac Ay® ceBepne o6aae CxaAap- CKor je3epa BeoMa He3ApaBO MoaapHO 3eAta>HiHTe, Koje je y (J)e6- pyapy a Mapiy nonaaBa>eHO oa HaAOuianx BOAa je3epa a caMO aera cyBO, a cbh ociaan AeaoBH cy BeoMa naoAHH a rycTO xya- THBHCaHH. 79 flomma Seme H3Atefjy Sammonoz Tpapa n Cay urn, oko 50 m BHCOK a, cappxcH MHoro, podpo odpaljeHe opaHHpe; y shmckom hoji- roljy je MecxHMHpe nonjiaBJbeHa. HmumhcKO nojte 600-700 m bhcoko, penHMHHHO je KyjiTHBH- caHo a 3 hmh, HeKap h jiexH, nonjbaBJbeHO. Obo HajBefee noJbe je ca rapKOM Be3ano hh3om MaH>Hx nojta y JSyzoj, 6-7km. niHpoKoj dpa3pn H3Meljy 1500-1900 m bhcokhx, rperpe nomyMJbeHHx rpedeHa. flyroM Bope xpn CTa3e op Hhk- rnaha y TapKO. Op U,eamrba npexo Tpaoa ao Fpaxom nope^aHa cy Malta, 600-700 m BHCoxa nojta Koja cy pe;iHMHpe KyjixHBHCaHa h jepHHM kojickhm nyTeM cnojeHa. JSpazajbCKO uojbe jie>KH 600 m bhcoko, HMa naimtaKe h Maao APBeha h oc;cypeBa y boph. IIpuMopcne pciBHiiqe cy Bpjio MaJie: Cymopma koa Epper HOBor h }Kyua HBMeijy THBTa h EypBe cy axopHe, odpal?eHe a HH3Hja koa Bapa je camo MecxHMHpe KyjiTHBHcaHa h odpaijeHa. Hmnja na Bojaan je nonjiaBJteHa BejiHKHM pe.xoM oa ho- BeMdpa ao anpnjia, 3dor Hera je MonapHa h BeoMa HesppaBa (MajiapHHHa). b) Pepe h jesepa. Texyhe Bope oBor pena pHHapcxe odjiacxH npmiapajy cjiHBy flpme h caHBy JappaHCKor Mopa. MHore op h>hx cy noHopHHpe, TaKO, pa ce He3Ha TeKy jih Jlynasy hxih JappaHCKOM Mopy. npe- npeKe cy oOhhho 3dor CTBopa ibhxobhx pojiHHa h odjiHKa h>h- XOBHX KOpaxa. Tima xene HSMetjy 500—700 m bhcokhx HenpoxopHHX cxeHa. Mocxosa HMa caMo y3BopHo op LllaBHHKa; hh3boaho op OBor Mecxa je npejia3 seoMa xe>KaK. Mopana xene po yxoxa 3exe y pydoKoj cyxecpn ca bcjihkom 6P3HHOM;, HMa MHore ra30Be h neKOJiHKo MocxoBa. Sema ce hhsbopho op /JaHHJioBor Tpapa MO>Ke ra3HXH caMo na HeKHM MecxHMa h mmb MHore MocxoBe. IXpnojeBHha Pttjem je npenpexa no kojihhhhh Bope h njioBHa 3a napodpope hhsboaho op PnjeKe. CKapapcKO jesepo je 6—11 m pydoKo, HMa cxpMe odajie Ha j.-3. a HHCKe h rjindoBHxe ea c.-h, y (jiedpyapy h Mapxy, Kap ce noBpuiHHa Bope pH>Ke 3a 2—3 m, ycnep jaxor npH/iHBa MopanoM na h /Jphmom, njiaBH je3epo CBoje 80 c.-a. odajie ao >KadjbaKa a HaHxejma. Je3epo je njiOBHo 3a na- podpoAe Koja Mory ujiobhth oa Pajexe ao CaaApa a najbe Bo- jaHOM ao Mopa. rijioBHASa y3BOAHO je xewa. Ha je3epy HMa Be- jihkhx aaMapa Koja cy Bpno noAecHa 3 a npeaoc JbyAcxBa a Maxepaja.ua. Eojana je npenpexa 3dor Bejiaxe KOJiaaaHe BOAe xojy /Jphm H eKaAa, ycjieA jeceaax a npojieTHax Kauia, 3HaTHo yBejiaaaBa. Pexa je nnoBHa 3 a njiaxKe Mopcxe napodpoAe ao Odoxaa, a npa bhcokom CTaa>y BOAe ao CaaApa. r) KoMyHHKaitnje. JeABHa ppHoropcKa >Kejie3Hapa je npyra Cxapa Bap — Bap- na3ap, Ayra 42 km. OHa je ycxor KonoceKa a aMa mhoto odjexaxa (xyHena, HajA>>KH 1,5 km). y nyTeBaMa xpeda pa3JiaK0Baxa: AP>KaBHe (BeiuxaaKe) APy- MOBe, npapoAHe KoncKe nyxeBe, KOFbCKe CTa3e a nemanae cT33e. flpwciBHH (BeiumaHKn) apyMOBH cy BehaaoM cojihaho H3pa- ijeHK a Aodpo OAP>«aHa. Hy, MHora aMajy BenHKe y3dpAape a y>KH cy Hero y yHyxpamfbocxa 3eMJbe. Heaa npojia3e KpajeBaMa Koja BeoMa ocKyAeBajy y boab. HMa ax cpa3MepHO MaJio a ao- nyHa Mpewe je noxpedHa. npupopHUX kojickhx uymeBCL HMa odanao caMO no noibHMa. Ohb cy p^aBa, ctpmh a KaMeaaxa a ynoxped-ibHBa caMO 3 a jiaKa KOJia. IlojbCKa apxajiepaja ce Ha a.aMa Kpefee BeoMa xeuiKO. Koibcmx cma3a aMa pse BpcTe, OAP>KaHe a npapoAHe. IlpBe HMajy Man>a naA, cjiad xemejb, coJiaAHe odjeaxe a uiapaHy oa 2 AO 3 m. Kpexaae Kapa je 0Te>KaH0 y3dpAapaMa a ounpaM apa- BHHaMa. Ocxajie KOH>CKe CTa3e cy pijaBe. PbaxoBa Mpe>Ka je y noJbHMa a hh>khm njiaHHHaMa BeoMa rycia. Y nojwiMa y KojaMa HeMa apaca, ynoxped.a>HBa cy caMO 3 a cyBor BpeMeHa. Y Kpacy BOAe Kao y3aHe CTa3e npeKO acnpecepaHor KaMeHaxor 3eMJtamxa odaaHO de3 od3apa Ha Harad. CaMO Ha Bauie naAHHe neH>y ce cepneHXHHaMa. Cxora HMajy Bejiaae y3dpAape a aecxo a onacHa Mecxa. HerAe ce Mory no3Haxa caMO no ppBeHKacxoM xpary Ha KaMeH>y, HerAe ce yonrnxe He bhab. OpajeHxacaite je Bpjio xeuiKO. TJemaHKe cma3e nocxoje caMO y bhcokhm naaHHHaMa, rAe ce He MO>Ke jaxaxa. Y njiaaaHaMa OMexaBajy CHeroBa aecxo caodpafeaj. Cxa3e ce oHAa HeAejtaMa He Mory KopacxaTa, a aao cy noHerAe Ha3HaaeHe MoxKaMa hjih roMHJiaMa KaMena. 81 rnamo npeHOCHO cpeucmBO je TonapHH koh> a y HeKHM KpajeBHMa h Ma3ra. Y okojihhh noAropupe caywe ce h ca bo- JIOBCKHM KOJ1HM3. Y norjiefly upaBU,a wwajy HaponuTM SHanaj OHe KOMymiKa- unje Koje H30Hjajy Ha aadancKy rpaHHpy h Ha jaApaHCKe odaae. ripe paia hx je 6hjio BeoMa Maao. Mpewa ce y tom noraeAy nonyityje, nopea Tora pa^e ce h B,e3e ca cyceflHHM odaacTHMa, XepperoBHHOM h PauiKOM, 1. IlpeMa aadaHcxoj rpanHijH Bo^e: a) npHMopcKH ApyM oa Ayop° BHHIona — XyM — MaHacrap riHBa (y paAy) — LLIaBHUK (da3a) — KojiauiHH (y paAy) — MaTemeBo — noAropHpa. r) njbeBJba — Enjeao no^>e — BepaHe — AHApujeBHpa — IlaaB (y npojeKTy). 2. M3 npHMopja BOAe y yHyTpamfbocT: а) Bap — PiijeKa — IloAropHua — MeAyH — rycHH>e — IlaaB (y npojeKTy) h noAropupa — MaTemeBo — AHApHjeBHpa. б) Kotop — LJeTHhbe — HhkujhIi — LUaBHHK — HecJjep- Tapa — njbeBJba (oa LLIaBHHKa y paAy). 2. XEPUErOBHHA. a) rijiaHUHe. Y obom AeJiy AnaapcKe odaacTH, KojH je oa npwjiHKe ohbh46k Ha j.-n. jMHHjoM Koja cnaja OpjeH ca MannrheM a Ha c.-3. aH- HH joM Koja HAe oa BHOKOBa npeKO Mmotckot noa>a, BpaH naa- HHHe Ha Ilpo3opcKO ceAJio, naAa HaponHTO y ohh napaaeaaH C.-3- — j.-H. npasap npywama naaHHHa h dpa3An. U,ejia je npocTopnja HcnymeHa odaHiiHMa Bp^o TeuiKO npo- xoahot, jhyTor Kpaca. Obh HMajy Ha c.-h. KapaKTep bhcokhx h axnwjcKHx naaHHHa a A a Ji>e npewa j.-3. cy KapaKTepHCTHHHe 3a- paBHH Koje ca ctpmhm OAcepaMa CTeneHacTO naAajy npe.wa JaApancKOM Mopy. OBaj Aeo AHHapcxe odaacra npeACTaBJta BeoMa Teuixy one- papHCKy 30Hy, y xojoj je CKyo/hame Tpyna Moryfce caMO no» nojbHMa. 6 82 HajBHUie naaHHHe XepperoBHHe aeace Ha tteHoj c.-h. rpaHHpw. OHe HHne BOflOAe/iHHuy H3Meijy cjihbh CaBe Ha cesepy, h He- peTBe Ha jyry h npeACTaBa>ajy HaciaBax EocaHCxnx PyAHHx naa- HHHa (BHflH ceBepHa BccHa) ca KojuMa cy Be3aHe HBanoM. BeHau, obhx aanujcxnx njiaiiHHa npeceaen je, HeKOJiHKO CTOTHHa MeTapa, AydoxHM cyTecxaMa npnroxa /],pHHe h HepeTBe Ha Hexoanxo orpowHHX rpy^a. OBe cy Beanxe, 1300—1800 m BHeoxe noBpuiH ca CTpMHM, CTeHOBHTHM, HcnpecepaHHM, flO 1000 M BHCOKHM OAcepHMa; Ha nniMa mm3 Hexoanxo bhcokhx rpedeHa. noBpuiH cy noKpHBeHe npocTpaHHM aanHjcKHM nauiH>apHMa, a oAcepn h CTpaHe myMOM. Kpac je naHTax: HMa Bprana, nehuHa, xpacHHx H3Bopa, aan neMa noHopHupa. PIojeAHHH cy AeaoBH BonyjaK ca MaranfceM (2390 m), Jlemja (2030 m), TpecmBni{a (2090 m‘, Bh- coHHifa (1964 m) h Bjenammpa (2067 m). HajBawHHjy h Haj- Hn>xy (1200 m) npeceAaHHy y obom naaHHHCKOM BeHpy hhhh riaHTXo xpacHa noBpui Kp6jbma-KajimomK ( 3azopje ) npexo xoje BOAe APyMOBH H3 AoauHe /(pHHe h oa CapajeBa y HeBecHHbe. 3Hanaj HMa h HeMepHexo ceAao npexo xora boah Apy« H3 Tapxa y AOHHHy /(pHHe. JywHO oa ropebe h Ha ode CTpaHe cpeAH>e HepeTBe npo- CTHpy ee xepi^ezoBawe aupace, xoje HapoA 30Be PyAHHaMa h XyMHHOM. PyAHHe HHHe npeaa3Hy odaacT H3Meljy naaHHHe h 3a- rope, a XyMHHa HMa 3HaTHHM AeaoM ocodHHe 3arope. PypmaMa ce 30Be Maao bhujh xpaj XepueroBHHe, oa naaHHHe TaHBe H3HaA Tpednaa ao Kodnjbe TaaBe na jyry oa Tapxa, a y cpeAHHH cy My BHaeha h IlaaHa; h>hxob hctohhh Aeo je OnyTHa PyAHHa y U,pHoj PopH. XyMHHOM ce 30By HajHHWH xpajeBH XepperoBHHe oxo Cxopa, JbydHH>a h Jbydymxor. y xepperoBaaxHM TepacaMa Mo>xeMO pa3HHXOBaTH, xeppe- roBanxe aanHjcxe naaHHHe h nempH CTeneHa xojn cy MetjycodHO oABojeHH HH30BHMa Ma^Hx noa>a. XepiiezOBUHKe cimuijcKe ujianme cy rope onucaHHM naaHH- HaMa caHHHe, caMO xpacHe, a y ripely BeoMa xpacHe. Hnae hx AB a, caMO wa ceBepHHM h ceBepoHCTOHHHM naAHHaMa nouiyMa>eHa rpedeHa, xoje pa3ABaja dpa3Aa Tapxo nojbe — 3aaoMCxa Cy- Tecxa — HeBecHH>cxo noa>e — CnMa>e noa>e. CeBepHH rpedeH HAe npexo U,pnwa Ha FI pew (2102 m) a jy>KHH oa Bjenamm^e (1867 m) 3anaAHO oa Tapxa Ha Bejiew. (1969 m) xoa MocTapa. npexo naHTXo xpacHor Mopnwa (1000 m) boah cnoMeHym APyM H3 KaaHHOBHxa y HeBecHH>e. 83 C OHe CTpaHe HepeTBe H3Meijy yTOKa PaMe h Mociapa 3a- spuiaBa ce 3auanHO-6oca.Hcm Kpac y Hbpchhah (2228 m) Koja na^a, cjihmho Kao n Flpeft, h Beaew, BeoMa ctpmo npeMa HepeTBM. XepueroBanKe aannjcKe naaHHHe na^ajy CTeneHacro npeMa 500—700 m BwcoKoj <5pa3AH Kojy HHHe noa>a y Kojtma aewe Bnaefce, naaHa, aTHHua, BujeaaHH, Baaraj a Mocrap (50 m); OHa ce Ha AecHoj o5aa« HepeTBe HacTaBa>a y MocTapcicoM 6nary. flope/i oBe nocToje joui A«e Aoayuie HenoTnyHe 6pa3pe HCTora npaBua. OHe cy Ha3HaHeHe, npBa: noa>HMa y KojHMa aeace YrapnH h JbyOHHbe, aoaHHaMa BperaBe, TpefnwaTa h Hmotckhm noa>eM, a apvra CyTopHHOM, TpadcKHM h Tpe6nn>CKHM noa>eM, Tpe(5nH>- hhpom h rionoBHM noa>eM (oko 500 m). M3iwe^y obhx dpa3Aa h M opcKe o(5aae naaa3e ce Bpao KpacHe noBpuiH, 4nja je bhchh 3 nayiiH Mopy CBe Malta, n Koje ctpmo naaajy npeMa HaBeaennM 5pa3AaMa a mopckoj odaan. Ha tbHMa MMa HeKoanKO napaaeaunx rpeOena cpeAfte BHCHHe. Ha HCTOKy onaAajy ctpmo npeMa no- npenHOj SpasAH ropa>e TpeSHHbHHue — Bnaetse — Kopmo. noBpuiHHa obhx Tepaca ce oaaHKyje hckhm ocoSHHaMa Kao h OnyTHa PyAHHa LJpHoropcKor Kpaca ca kojom npeACTaBa>a Haj- jbyiiH Kpac AHHapCKe odaami KojH je cxopo caB oroaeo. OBaj jbyTH Kpac je Haj(5e3BOAHnja ofiaacT AHHapcKora CHCTeMa. H3y- 3eBLun nexa noa>a, y KojHMa HMa peHHpa, HeMa aeTH BOAOTOKa hh y noa>HMa a H3Bopn cy peTKH. OcTaao 3eMa>HniTe je 6e3 >KHBe Boae. o) floaHHe u nojba. CBa HaBeAeHa iio/ba cy y jeAHoj TpeiiHHH CBoje nospuiuHe odpaijeHa, a ocTaao je KaMeuHTH nanittaK noKpiiBCH oBAe OHAe pOyfbeH. noHeKH cy AeaoBH h MonapHH. BeaHKH AcaoBH nonoBor noa>a h HeBecHftCKO, BjeaaHCKO, <1>aTHHH4Ko, JBy6nH>CKO h Ta- TanKO nojbe cy oa oierodpa (AepeMOpa) ao anpnaa (jyHa) non- aaBa>eHa. nocae obhx nonaaea HcyuiH ce 3eMa>HUJTe BeoMa 6p3o h riocae KpaTKor BpeMeHa Baaaa ocxypHifa y bo ah. Hh3hhci na yuihy Hepemse je oa noHHTea>a cse ao hh3boaho oa MeTKOBnfca (oko 3 m h3H3A Mopa) AoOpo oopaijeHa, a AaJfce AO Mopa Bpao Monapua, nyHa je3epa, ayroBa h poro3a h cTora HenpoxoAHa. y npoaetie h jeceH CKOpo peaa HH3Hsia je 1 ao 4 HeAea>e noa boaom. y npHMopjy nocToje caMo HeKoanxe Maae oSpatjeHe ao- aHHe h paBHHne, y KojHMa oh ce Morae y HenocpeAHoj 6aH3HHH 6 * 84 odaae npHKyanb'aTH Tpyne. HajBehe cy koa CHatta, Caaaor, Jla- nana h BpeHa koa /JydpoBHHKa, KaHa.au H3Me^y TpyAe h IJaBTaTa h CyTopHHa. MHane cy naAHHe npeAia Mopy HenocpeAHe h BeoMa CTpMe. b) PeKe. Hepemsa je HeAaaeKO hciioa H3Bopa Bojna npeapexa 36oz caiBOpa AOJrnne h koahhhhb BOAe. Hh3boaho oa ■ KoHbnpa mohe je MocTapcKO nojte). MHane je aoahhb CByAa y3aHa, ca ctpmhm, bhcokhm CTpaHaMa, MecTHMupe ao 800 m. Ay- doxa cxeHOBHTa cyTecxa h hhhh 3H3THy npenpexy. BeAHKe BOAe Tpajy necTO oa jeceHH ao npoAeha h OHeMoryKyjy noAH3aH>e paTHHx MOCTOBa. Obo je h 3 a BpeMe hhckot CTaH>a BOAe BeoMa 0 Te>KaH 0 bhcokhm odaAavia h CTeHOBHTHM ahom. Ha pepn HAia HeKOAHKO >KeAe3HHX H K3MeHHX MOCTOBa. Hh3boaho oa noHHTeA>a je BOAa He3ApaBa. Pexa je oa MeT- KOBnha peryAncaHa h nnoma ao OBe Tanxe mopckhm dpoAOBHMa. HecTO HHinheite KopHTa je noTpedHO. ripmaoxe Hepemise (PaMa, ByHa, BperaBa h TpedH>KaT) cy 3dor odAHKa aoahhc h BeAHKe dp3HHe TaKolje Bojae npenpexe. TpeoHmnya je noHopHHpa, Koja ce koa HopMaAHor h BHLuer CTaH>a BOAe He Mowe rasum OoaAe cy»y ropjbeM TOKy h y LUyMH 3anaAHO OATpedHH>a (oBAe caMO 10 m) bhcokc h CTeHOBHTe. Jle™ npecywH peKa hh3boaho oa ropite UlyMe, a y npoAehe h jeceH riAaBM npodpaHe npeAeAe. Moctoba HMa: y TpedHH>y h oko 5 km. H3H3A H HCnOA OBOT MeCTa. Omoji a, HeAaAexo oa AydpoBHHKa, bpao je KpaTKor TOKa h nAOBHa 3a Belie napodpoAe. IteH H3Bop HMa bcahkh 3HaHaj 3 a CHadAeBafte boaom. Hby odHA33H aP>'M Caaho—/J ydpoBHHK. r) KoMyHHKai^Hje. Obhm aoaom AnsapcKe odAacTH npoAa3H wejiesHmm npyza Koja cnaja BocaHCKH BpoA npeKo CapajeBa ca JaApaHCKHM MopeM (bhah CeBepHa BocHa). OHa je ycKor KOAoeexa h boah npeKO 85 MBaHa h Koh>hps h AaJte aojihhom HeperBe npeno MocTapa y MeTKOBHh. y Tadejia ce oABaja KpaK 3a Tpedinte, Tpy>K u 3e;ieHHxy. ripyra CapajeBO — MBcm—Mocmap — MemKomih\t BeoMa Temxa ruiaHHHCKa >xejie3HHpa ca mhothm moctobhm3, 7 TyHejia (Ha Waany flyiKHHe 600 m) h 3ynnaHHU0M. Flpyra Paoem — Ppyw. ca xpaxo- BHMa 3a 3eaeHHKy h Tpednite ma, 3dor TeuiKor Kpaca xpo3 Kojn BOflH, Befcnx odjexaTa, cxynopeHe nocTpoje 3a CHadAeBaHbe boaom h AeJiHMfipe BejiHKH ycnoH. Plymna Mpewa. Cem Hexojraxo APyMOBa h xoacxhx nyTeBa no AOAHHaMa h no;i>HMa nocToje caMo xoftcxe CTa3e, oa koJhx ce Hexe CTajiHO oApwaBajy y HcnpaBHOM cxan>y. HpyMOBH. HMajy hbpct TCMejt, HexaA BejiHxe y3dpAHpe h oap- waBajy ce peAOBHO. npnpoflHK kojickh ay menu nocToje caMO y bcHhai no/hUMa h y AOJiHHaMa. Ohh cy o6hhho pjjaBH h xaMeHHTH. HotbCKe cma3e cy cnnHHe xao h y UpHoj Fopn. Hexe HMajy cnad TeMeJb, podpe odjexie, Matt>M ycnoH Hero odHHHe h OApwa- sajy ce y ncnpaBHOM CTan>y. LUHpHHa mh je 2 ao 3 m. Te ce MOry Jiaxo npeTBopHTH y xojicxe nyTeBe dap 3a Jiaxa, y3aHa xona. Ha npaBap nyTeBa yTHpao je HajBimie oporpa(j)CKH cxjion oBora xpaja. YcaeA npaepa npy>KaH>a rniaaHHa h dpa3AH nyreBH cy napajiejma mopcxhm odanaMa Heuifen Hero y npaBpy oa Mopa xa yHyTpauirbocTH, Ha xoMe je H3paAa xoMyHHxapHja napoHHTO OTewaHa MHorodpojHHM bhcoxhm h ctpmhm njiaHHHaMa. flapajieHHO Mopcxoj odajin boac: 1. APyM KoTop—Epper Hobh— -/(ydpoBHHX—OiaHO—MeT- xoBHfc—Maxapcxa; 2 . Apy M Huxunik—Tpednae (y paAy)—JfcydHH>e—Crojiap— /(oMaHOBHii—HanjbHHa—Jbydyuixn— Mmotcxh; 3. APyM naaHa—Bje/iaHH—Ciojiap h 4. ApyM HHXUjnh—rapxo (y paAy)—IlayjxMHe—HeBecHH>e— MocTap—M motcxh (}KynaH>ap); Oa Mopa Bope y yHyTpaunbOCT 1 . ApyM Epper Hobh — Tpad — TpedHH>e—EHJieka — rijiaHa — T apxo—HeMepHO—fPona; 2 . Apy« Cjiano—rionoBo no^>e—JbydHH>e—Cmaap—HeBe- cnrbe—njiywHHe-—KaiiHHOBHX—CapajeBO (ona); 3. Apyw MeTXOBHfe—/(oManoBHk—MocTap— Koh.hp —Capa¬ jeBO H 4. Apy*i Maxapcxa—JbydyuixH—-MocTap. 86 3. 3APIAAHA BOCHA, CEBEPHA AAJ1MAUMJA M BMCOKA XPBATCKA. a) naaHHHe h nomme. OBaj Aeo AHHapcKe oOaacTM npocrape ce oa JiHHHje Ehokobo — EpaH— ripo3opcKo ceAJio ao amnije Kpaa>eBHpa — KapaoBap n noAe^eH je 6pa3AaMa Kane —Aphhih —Khhh m 3pMan,a—YHa Ha Tpn no pea>et}jy pa3HOjiHKa oAceKa. 1. OftceK hctohho oa 6pae,a,e K^hc— flpHHUi—K hhh— yHa HcnyfteH je KpacHHM KpepmaHKHM nospiuHMa, Koje cy y perapH BeHpa nope^aHe napaaeaHO Mopcnoj o6ami m HajBdiHM AeaoM AOCTHwy BHCHHe aanHjCKHX w cpeAHPix naaHHHa. OBe BHcoKe, -reuiKO npoxoAHe h bpjio cjiaSo Hacea>eHe naa- HHHe, npexo Kojwx boas caMo HeKOJiHKe KOJiCKe KOMyHHKapHje,. npeACTaB^ajy TeuiKO npoaa3Hy 30Hy, Koja 3arpatjyje HHCKe npe- Aeae ceBepHe BocHe Kao neisopocTpyKHM OepeMOM oa Mopa. CnoMeHyTa Herapn BeHpa cy: BocancKU uemupannii umhuhckh Re naif kojh hhhh boaoacji- HHpy H3Me^y caHBa CaBe a caHBa JaApaHCKor Mopa h HcnymaBa npodop H3Me^y ropmHX TOKOBa CaHe, Bpoaca h Bocae ca jeAHe CTpaHe n yAOJiHHe pexa Ynap—DiaMOH—Kynpem—PaBHo — peKa PaMa ca APyre CTpaHe. Ilpy>Ka ce oa Euxafca ao HeaHa n PHHe ra AeJioBH 3anaAHo-6ocaHCKor Kpaca h EocaHCKe PyAHe naa¬ HHHe. ripBHM kojh ce OAaHKyjy cbhmb odanpHMa Kpaca npnnaAajy: npocTpaHe h BeaHKHM myMaMa noKpnBeHe rpjnen unamma ca Aphhm bpxom (1604 m), Cpnemnpa (ao 1341 m), U,pBjbmM{a ca KaeKOBanoM (1961 m), l^pna ropa (HapAan) h Bnmopoz (ao 1907 m). Boccihcko Pypne nnamne (EHTOBHHja 1700 m, BpaTHHpa 2 112 m) no3HaTe cy Beh Kao hbhhhc naaHHHe ceBepHe BocHe. Ohs cy cpeAHbe h aanHjcKe naaHHHe ca CByAa ctpmhm erpaHawa a BeaHKHM iuy- MaMa 6e3 Kpaca. CBe cy OBe naaHHHe Teimyp, TaaMon—Jajpe, Kynpem — ByrojHo—TpaBHHK h J aOaaHHpa—Byrojao. Jy>KHO oa OBor BeHpa npywa ce oa yi'OKa YHpa ao HepeTBe jeA.aH naHTKO KpacHH BeHap Kojn riaAa npeMa yAoaHHH TpaxoBO— jlHBauCKo noa>e—MocTapcKO 6aaTO. riojeAHHH acxobh osor BeHpa cy: LUamop unanma (1870 m), Cmapemma, romija , Hnmep (2006 m), Papouia ujiaHHua (1956 m), roaa JhySyuia (1799 m), Bpan unanma (2074 m) h Hnpcmmi^a (2228 m). CeBepim cy AeaoBH 87 LUyMOBHTH 3 jy>KHH rOJIH H nyCTH. HeKH (HHHMep H MBpCTHHqa) HMajy aapaaTep bhcokhx njianaHa a BeoMa cy apacea. no ropiBHM naprajaMa Hajia3e ce ajinajcaa nauiftapa, CByAa CTpMe CTpaHe noKpHBeHe cy myMOM a ydyibeM. IIjiaHHHy npejia3e caMO neKOJiaioi ApyMOBM: TpaxoBo—flpBap, JIhbho— DiaMOH a JIhbho (}KynaiBap) — Kynpeiu. RimapcKii Amin noaaiBy y ojih3hhh H3Bopa Yne h 3pAvaH,e a npywajy ce H3Meljy JlaBaHCKor a /lyHaBCKor nojba Ha c.-a. CTpaHH a KuHHCKor nojba, AOJiHHe LjeTHHe ca Chibckhai nojbeM a MMOTCKor nojLa na j.-3. CTpaHa npewa jyro-acTOKy. MaHe ax MofcHe, BeoMa apacHe a rojie noBpuia ca ctpmhm oAcepiiMa, HapoaaTO ripeftia JIaBaHCKOM nojBy. IEhxobh HaiBauia BpxoBa cy /(aHapa (1831 m) a TporaaB (1918 m). IlpeMa jyro-acToiKHaje KOAiyHaKapaje: ApyMOBa Khhh— rpaxoso npeao Tpa6- CKor ceAJia, Chh>—JIhbho npexo llpojiora (1203 m) a Mmotckh — >Kynaftau (898 m) a kojickh nyTTpaJB—ApwaH ->Kynan>au, (700 m). y npocTopaja Moerap—MeTKOBiih—C hib rpaHajy ce iuapoxa jiaHpa dpejKyjbaxa a creHOBHTH rpeOeHa aoja 3arpaijyjy Chibcko, Mmotcko a JbySyuuKO nojae a MocTapcao CwiaTO. OHa je caMO y c.-3. Aejiy BeoMa apacHa. HcuiMamimcKe cpepwe nnamne ,ae>Ke aaMetjy LJeTHHe, Mmot- ckot a JEyOyuiKor nojba ca je#He CTpaHe a OpasAe Khhh—Kjihc a Mopcaax odajia oa Cnjiaia ao yrnha HepeTBe. To cy CBn/iaja (1509 m) Aya< ropa.e LjeTHHe, Mocop (1330 m) j.-a. oa Cnaaia a Bhokobo (1762 m). Cse OBe naaHaHe cy Beo.Ma apacHe a ibhxobc naAHHe CTpMe a CTenoBHTe. IleT Apy«OBa npeaa3e npeao h>hx : /(pHHUi—Bp;5aaa, /(oibh Myh—C hib, Kjihc—Chib (y AySoaoj npe- ceAJiHHa), ]\oibe EpeJie—H motckh a Maaapcaa -JbydyLuaa. M3Aieijy obhx njiaHHHa jie>ae y pa3Hoj ancojiy'THoj bhchhh (y aojiaao AaJte oa Mopa y tojihko Baiue, 300—1000 ai) neaoaaaa aojba (fjiaMOH, Kynpeui, /lyBHO, EpaxoBO, JIhbho, Mmotckh, Jby- Oymaa, Chib, MocTapcao 6jiaioj, aoja npeACTaBJBajy jeAHHe npo- CTopaje riOAecHe 3a npaayn^baa>e Tpyna; Eojbe cy ayjmiBacaHa caMO rjiaMoaao, JlaBaHcao, Maiotcko a JbySyiuao nojae. IloBpiHHHe BeKaHe obhx nojaa cy capoMaaiHa nauia.au,a a nonjiaBJBene cy oa HOBeM6pa ao Maja y BejiaaaM AeJioBHAia, neaaA a y pejiaHa, uiTa ripoyspoayje AyroTpajHe Moaape Ha AHy obhx nojba. 2. CeBepHa AajmaTiiHCKa KpacHa paBSH jiejaa H3Meijy 3pMaa,e, 6pa3A-e Khhh— /(pHaai—K jihc a Aiopcae o6ajie. Ona ce no CapaAany 30Be a CnpapuHCua noBpui. 88 Ca CKpa^HHCKe ce noBprnn H3An>Ky hgkojihko naaHHHCKHX ocTpBa, Kao luto cy FIpoMHHa (1148 'm) h EyKOBHqa (674 m) h y H>oj je cnyuiTCHO HexoaHKO naHTKHX kotjihh3. y npocTopajH ceBepHO oa HnKoae—Kpxe Tpe6a pa3anKOBa™ iuihtko KpacHy, Bpao KOMyHHKaraBHy, dojbe KyjiTHBHcaHy paBaH (cpe^fba BHCHHa 100 m) j.-3. o a oAcexa Cxpa/pm -BeHKOBaq, a BHUiy, cjia6o KyjiTHBHcaHy, KpacHy BticopaBaH c.-h. oa Tor Oflcexa. JywHO oa HnKoae — Kpxe je 3eAia>nuiTe Bpao KpacHo h no- KpHBeHO ySyfbeM. y H>eMy ce npywajy 600—900 m bmcokh Kpea- h>3hkh rpeSeHH, Kojn Ha MHOrm MecTHMa CTpMO naAajy npeMa Mopy. ripHMopje je KyjiTHBHcaHO no repacaMa (CeTe Kacreaii koa Cnama). y qeaoj CxpaAHHCKoj noBpniH cy inyMe Bpao peTKe. 3. BucoKa XpeaTCKa aeani c.-3. oa 3pMan>e h yue h ohbh- neHa je Kao 3 haobhm3 bhcokhm, ctchobuthm, Bpao KpacHHM naa- HHHaMa, Koje naAajy ctpmhm OAceqHMa npeMa Mopy, yHH h anHujn Bnxah— BpOoBCKO (Ha #o6pii). OBe cy naaHHHe: BeaeCwT Ay>K 3pMafte n Mopa, OrbemeBHpa, Maaa h Beanra Kaneaa Ayw yHe h aHHHje Bnxali—BpOoBCKO. /(HHapcKH Aann nacraBibajy ce c oHe CTpaHe TpaScKor ceAaa y naaHHHH Manqa xoja ce koa H3BopnmTa 3pMan>e a yHe panBa y Asa BeHna: Beae6nT n na>eiueBnqy. BeneQnm je Bpao TeuiKO npoxoAHa naaHHHa ca npeaa3HMa H3HaA 800 m BHCHHe h Anwe ce rcao orpoMan, Ayr 3 ha H3B3HpeAHO ctpmo H3 CKpaAHHCKe noBpniH h Mopa. I \ocewe BHCHHy oa 1700—1800 m (BaraH Bpx 1798 , Be- aHKH MaaoBaH Han Baran>CKH Bpx 1758 m, Maan Pajecnq 1699 m). CeBepHH Aeo Beae6nTa, HaA CeiteM, 30Be ce CeitCKH rpedeH (KoHanHuiTe 1494 m). IlaaHHHCKe CTpaHe npeMa Mopy cy roae, CTeHOBHTe h HcnpecepaHe a Ha yHyTpanntoj CTpaHH noKpHBeHe inyMOM n pSyhbeM. Boa>nx KOMyrniKapuja (ApyMOBa) hm3 npexo OBe CKopo 200 km Ayre naaHHHe Bpao Maao: Khhh —rpanaq, OfipoBau—JIoBHHap, Kapaonar—rocnnh, JaSaaHaq—Oionaq, Cb. Jypaj—OTonan, Chh>—O ionaq n Hobh—J aceHax. rjjbeuieBHi{a (03e6anH 1657 m), Mana Kauena (CeamnKii Bpx 1280 m) h Benma Kauena (Ejeaoaaciiqa 1533 m) HHHe c.-n. HBHqy Bn- coiy BHCHHy oa 700 m h caAP>KH He- KoaHKa 500—600 m. bhcokb KpacHa noa>a Kao mto cy PpaHaHKO, 89 Jlaae, KpdaBe, Oxoapa a OryjiHHa. I43Mel)y h>hx H3^n>Ky ce mho- rodpojHa, BefeaHOM KpacHH rpedeHH, Bpxosa a nodptja ao BacaHe oa 1200 m. Bncoaa XpBaTCKa aMa cpa3MepHO rycxy Mpeacy kojickhx nyieBa. M npeico hbhhhhx naaHHHa, cem npexo Be.xedaxa boap cpa3MepHO MHore KOMynaKapaje. y y3aaoM npaMopjy ycneBa MCAHxepaHCKa Berexapaja, aa MopcKaM CTpaHaMa Benednxa a3daja BefeanoM rona CTeHa Ha noBpmaHy a Baine oa jepne xpefeaae Bacoxe XpBaTCKe noapaBeHO je myMOM a pdyiteM. OpaHape HAia caMO no nojbHAia KOja cy MecTHMape a MovapHa. C.-a. oa aaHaje Baxafe —BpdoBCKO npocxape ce ao Kpyne Ha yHa a ao peae Kopane XpBavxcm mem hpac ca ancojiyTHOM BHCHHOM OA 200 AO 400 M. d) PeKe. Texyfee BOAe cy Kpaxae a bcjibkhm AeaoM noHopHape. CBaao Befee nojbe HMa CBOjy nonopHapy, aoja xeae am CaBa am JaApaH- caoM Mopy. Oa npaMopcaax peaa cy Befee a 3aaaajHaje: Lfenmua aoja je njioBaa 5 aM y3BOAHO sa dapae, Kpm, aoja j'e hh3boaho oa CapaAana nnoBna 3a Maae riapo- dpOAe a 3pMawa aoja je oa OdpoBpa naoBHa 3 a Maae Mopcae dpoAOBe. Cbb Tpa peae aMajy BefeaHOM Aydoae a' y3aHe KattoHeae AoaaHe; AoaaHcae cy cxpaHe Bacoae 100 a Baiue Mexapa a Ha MHorHM MecxHMa a peaHe odane, Fk>AH3aH>e MoexoBa je c xora Bpao xeuiKo. b) KoMyHHKaipje. >Keae3HHHaa Mpeaca ceBepae /laaMapaje, 3anaAHe Bocne a Bacoae XpBaTCae dajia je ao npe CBeicaor paxa Aocxa caado pa3Bajeaa. Ana, nocneAHbax roAHHa npeAy3exa cy odaMHa pa- Aobh, aoja fee oBy Mpe>ay nonyaaxa neaaM hobhm Ba>KHaM npyraMa. HopMamoz cy Konocem: npyra Khhh — Cnjiax, iten apaa riepaoBafe — LUadeHaa, xaao3BaHa jiaaaa npyra Fpaaap — Toc- cnafe — Oxoaap — OryjiaH a yucaa npyra Baxafe — Kpyna — Boc. Hobh. Be3e OBax npyra cy y papy a to npyra Khhh — ITpadyAafe — Fpaaap a npyra IlpadyAafe — Baxafe (Hacxasaa yHcae npyre). Qbhm hobhm npyraMa Aodafee Cnnax CBoje Be3e ca yHyxpaujH>ou]fey. 90 YcKor cy KOJioceKa (0‘76 m): npyra CnaHT — Cmh> h npn- BaTHa HHflycTpncKa npyra Khuh — ApBap — CpHe-rupa — Opn- jeAop (BHfln ceBepHa Bocm). 3a nyTHy Mpewy b3>kh oho mcto iuto je Beh HaBefleHO 3a nyTeBe ocTajmx AeaoBa flMHapcKe odaacTH. Haa ueuiTaHKHx, Aodpax h CTaaHo OApaoBaHnx ApyMoaa, y hh>khm h paBHHnacTHM npeaeaHMa (noaaiMa) KaMeHHTsix h pijaBHx kojickhx nyTeBa a y njiaHBHaMa kohjCkhx CTaaa. Oa cbmx APyMOBa Tpeda HaBecru Kao najBa>KHHje: а) y npaBpy napaaeaHOM jaApaHCKHM odaaaiwa: 1) AejioBe npnMopcKor Apyiwa PnjeKa — Kpaa>eBHpa — Hobh — Cetb — Jadaanap — Kapjionar; 3aAap — Crapn3aAap; Po- ro3HHua — Tporup — Cnairr — Bpeae — MaxapCKa. 2) JIoKBe — OryjiHH — >Kyia JloKBa — OTonap — rocnufc — JIoBHHap — OdpoBap — BeHKOBau — Apiiwii — Chh> — Tpna> — PpadoBap — Bpropap — MeTKOBnfc. 3) KapaoBap (OryaiiH) — Cayrb — JImhko IleTpoBO ceao — Cpd — Khhh — Bpanxa — Cnst. — Tpna> — Mmotckh — Jby- dyiuKM (MocTap). A eo Curb — Tpsrib je 3ajeAHHHKH ca an- HnjoM noA 2. б ) y npaBpy H3 yHyipaimbocTu npeiwa Mopy apyMOBe Kojn Be3yjy npe HaBeAene n H3dnjajy y npHMopje y KpajbeBHpH, Hobom, Cen>y, Cb. Jypajy, JadnaHirpn, Kapaonary, SaApy, CrapoM Sagpy, BoAnpaMa, lilHdeHHKy, Tpornpy, CnanTy h BpeaaMa. 4. PMJEHKM M KPAHoCKM KPAC. a) OaaHHHe h pojiHHe. y obom Aeay AHHapcKe odaacrn, Kojii je Ha jyry, hctoky u ceBepy onBisneH anHnjoM Kpaa>eBfipa — Oryanir — KapaoBap — MeTaHKa — Hobo Mecxo — H 3 Bop KpiKe odanKe ho y jyjKHPM xpaje- BHMa, 3dor nera cy h npoxoAHOCT n KOMyHHKaraBHOCT 6oa>e Hero y thm KpajeBHMa. Aan no KanMH n ocKyAnpn y boah ce osaj Kpac- HHia h c one CTpaHe AP>K3BHe rpaHape ao jaApaHCKHx odaaa is Cone hh3boah'o oa Cb. Jlypnje odyxBaTajyliH Kao reorpa(J)CKa peamia peay Mcipy h P opuniKy. 93 y OBOj reorpa^CKoj peJiHHH nocToje flBe, HenoxnyHe 6pa3«e AHHapcKora npaBpa Koje HHHe: MCxonHy AOJiHHa ropn>e Kyne, I^HpKHHHKO jesepo m AOJiHHa YHpa h aanaAHy AOJiHHa PenHHe, PeKe h BwnaBe. Chse dpa3Ae AeJie cnoMeHyTy uejiHHy na Tpn oAcexa: 3anaAHH (Mcxpa m Komchckh Kpac), Kojn npwnafla nox- nyHO HxaaHjn, cpeAHH (PnjenKH Kpac, Chokhhk, IlHBKa, XpyiHHixa h TpHOBCKa Topa) i;po3 ieM opcehcy npeflcxaBJba Pnjenun Kpac HacxaBaK Be- aeSHxa h BejiHKe Kaneae. To je KpeHn>aHKa noBpujHHa, BHCOKa 500—1000 m, uoicpiiBeHa uiyMOM, ca mhoxmm bhuihm rpedeHKMa h BpxoBHMa oa Kojnx je PHinH>aK (1528 m) najBHiui!. npoxoAHoex je BeoMa orpaHHHena, HacejbeHocx cjiaSa (HaceJbeHiix Mecxa HMa caMO no MafhHM noJbMMa, Kao luxo cy Jejiefte, JIhK, y>KHHe, JIoKBe, /(ejiHupe) h nyxna MpeaKHOM AeJiy SoJbe pa3- BHjeHa. IlpeKO OBe noBpniH BOAe >Kejie3HHHKa npyra PnjeKa — KapjiOBau — 3arpe(5 h nyxeBH H3 CyinaKa, Baxpa h KpajbeBHpe y BpoA Ha Kynn, Bp6obcko h OryjiHH. CiiHHHe BHCoihm3 HMa MHoro- opojHHx rpeSeaa h BpxoBa. PbHXOBe HBiipe cy Bpjio cxpMH OAceqH Kojn cy Hapowro bhcokh npeMa Pepn h BnnaBH. Mcxohhom hbhpom obhx noBpuiHHa HAe y FJiaBHOMe naina rpaHHpa ca Hxa- jiHjoM, noBprnu cy HajBetiHM aohom noKpKBene inyMOM, BeoMa KpacHe, xemKO npoxoAne, HeaacejbeHe h bpjio ocKyAHe boaom. IlpeKO i-bHx, hjih 6ojbe peneHo H3Meljy nojeAHHHX noBpuiH BOAe nyxeBH npeiio rpaanpe h xo: M3Meljy PnimbaKa n CHewHHKa Aocxa pljaB nyx H3 KaaHe npeKO Ma6paHCiKHHKa h JaBopHHKa ApyM H3 I4 ji. Bncxpape y aojihhh PeKe y JIojk (HajBHina xanna 1098 m); H3Me^y JaBopHHKa h Xpy- xuHrie >Kejie3HH4Ka npyra Tpcx (PHjeiKe c oHe CTpaHe rpaHHpe Ha majinjaHCKoj TepHTopnjn. Mcmomn OflceK, Kojn odyxBaTa hctohhh Aeo HoTpaibCKe h 3anaAHH ago /(ojieH>CKe, caApjKH cpeAite ruiaHHHe, BncoKe noBpuiH, no6ptja h 6pe>KyjtKe. Kpac je naHTaK, ropH>e cy napraje noKpu- BeHe myMOM h bcjihkhm nauifbapHMa h y aohhim HMa h>hb3 h jiHBaAa. Bhihh acjiobm obot OAcexa Jiewe y rjiaBHOMe 3anaAHO oa HH3a nojba oko KoaeBja, PuSHupe, Jlauiaa, Typjaxa h Jby6- jbane, Koje cy CoraTe boaom h AoSpo odpatjeHe. Ohh HMajy oSjihk noBpuiH, bhcokhx oko 700 m, ca nojeAHHHM bhihhm rpeSeHHMa h BpxoBHMa, Kao KoneBCka Bp pa ca Totchhiukhm Chokhhkom (1289 m), Typjcaum Bppa h Pamimumm aonpui ca Kphmom (1106 m). M3Meljy PnSHHpe — KoaeBja h ropn>e KpKe noAHHce ce Poz (1100 m) a CBe ocTa.ao ao JiHHHje Hobo MecTO — Mei- jiHKa — KapjioBaq cy noSplja h 6pe>Kyjhpn, Kcjn He Aocewy bh- CHHy oa 1000 m h HHHe npejia3Hy oSaacT H3Metjy Kpaca h orpaHaiKa, Jlamaa, PHSanpe h KoneBja HMajy jeAHO hjih BHme npodpaHHx HacejbeHHX Mecia h jiewe na rjiaBHHM KOMy- HHKapujaMa. K'jiHMa je 3hmh Aocia cypoBa. b) PeKe. Pene cy y Kpacy noHopHHpe a y npe;ia3H0j odjiacTH hctohhot oAcexa HopMaane. Jby6r 0 anm{a je noHopHHpa pasHHx HMeHa (FluBKa, YHeu), h H36nja Ha noBpuiHHy nocaeABbn nyT koa BpxHHKe, OAaKJie npeA- CTaB^a Bojfly npenpexy. OHa njiaBH y npoAefee Jhy6jbdHCKO 6namo. IJiipKHHMKO je3epo, Koje BepoBaTHO npHnaAa cjiHBy JBydjba- HHu,e (Ctpjkch, PaK), cyBo je oa cpeAHHe aBrycia ao Kpaja cen- TeM6pa ochm y3aHor nojaca aym CTpweHa; HHaae je 1 ao 2 Mexapa Ay6oKo Kpm je HK3BOAHQ oa Topabe Kpxe, Kyna hh3boaho oa OcnjiHHue BojHa npenpena. 93 r) KoMyHHKaijHje. PpijeHKHM h KpafoCKiiM KpacoM npojia3e ABe KeM 3 HmKe upyze npaBqeM Mopa: to cy npyre: KapAOBaq — OryjiHH — Eaxap — Pajeica h Jbyfijbana — PaKeK — OocTojHa — CB.rieTap — Tpd (PajeKa). ripBa HMa 3naTaH ycnoH h ouixpe kphbhhc HaponHTo H3Metjy MopaBHqa h Cb. IleTpa, iiito CMaayje TpaHcnopTHy moIj. CHa6qe- BaBbe boaom je Bpao TeuiKO, 4HMe je 0Te>KaH caodpafcaj Kojer ceM Tora Aocxa necTO o.vieTajy cner h dypa. ripyra JbydjiaHa — TpcT HMa flBa KOAoeexa h noBOAbaH ycnoH Te je TpaHcnopTHa Moh BpKo BejiHKa. CHadeBan>e boaom je ocnrypano BOAOBOAHMa. Caodpafcaj OMeiajy 3HMH CHer h Ha- POmhto dypa, Koja Mowe BaroHe jj,a H3dan,H ca xoxoceKa. Ode cy npyre Be3aHe npyroM KapnoBaq — MeTAHKa — Hobo MecTo — JbydJBaHa, Koja HMa Kao poKa^Ha jiHHHja bcahkh 3Hanaj. Hcth 3Hanaj Moraa dw ho6wth npyra djinjKa rpaHHqn JbydA>ana — Jlamne — KoneBje, aKO dn ce npoAy>KHJia qo npyre OryjiHH — Banap. Cee >Kejie3HH4Ke npyre y Kpacy HMajy BeoMa MHore odjeKTe (TyHeae, moctobc, rajiepnje h BHjaAyKTe). flpyMOBn cy cpa3Mepno necTH, bpjio qodpo M3patjeHH ca COJIHAHHM TeMejbeM, HBpCTHM (KaMeHHM) odjeKTHMa H nOBOJbHHM ycnoHOM. Kojickh nymetm cy odH4HO pijaBH, y3aHH, Bpjio ctpmh h K3MeHHTH. Cma3a, KOtbCKnx h neinanKHX HMa MHoro. H y obom A2Jiy AHHapCKe odnacrn HMa 3dor npaBqa npy- jKan>a naaHHHa BHine nyTeBa y npaBqy oa c.- 3. Hero y npaBuy npeMa Mopy h npeKO rpannqe. HajBa>KHHjH nyTeBH jecy: a) y npaBqy npeMa PnjeqH, TpcTy h ropHqn: 1) ApyM KapaoBaq — BpdoBCKo — /jeannue — KpajbeBHqa — Baxap h PnjeKa; 2) ApyM flBop Ha Kpkh — KoneBje — /(enHHqe (PnjeKa); 3) APyM iIo>K — KnejKaK — Ha. BHCTpnqa — TpcT (hah P ajeKa); 4) APyM Jlauine — IJ,HpKHHqa — Panex — nocTojHa — Cb. IleTap — Ea30BHu,a — TpcT; 5) Apy« Jbydji>aHa — Jloraxeq — nAaHHHa — Pa3ApTO — CewaHa — TpcT; 94 6) flp>M JIoraTep — LJoji — AjAOBiuHMHa — ropupa. d) y npaBpy oa c.-3. npeiua j.-n.: 1) apym XoTeapuiHpa — riaaHHHa — PaKeK — U,npxHniAe JIo>k — ripe3HA — Mp3Jia BoAupa — (na ApyMy /JeaHHpe — Pwjexa). Oaaj ApyM boah Ay>K rpaHupe Kojy npeaa3H tia ceBepy npeftia Mapmj'h oAaxae boah npeKO /jotne MApuje h CTpawe y Cb. JIypnjy na Comh; 2) n\T HoTpaibe ropupe (y JbydjbaHcxoM 6mry) — Pa- KHTH3 — PaBHHK — K ASJbe APy® HoBa Bac — TpaBHHK — OcHJiHHpa — BpoA na Kynn — BpdoBexo ; 3) APyM Jbyd.ibaHa — Jlamae — Pn6mu\a — KoneBje — HepHOMejb — KapaoBap; 4) apym JbydjtaHa — Topaa Kpxa — Meianxa — KapaoBap. Rao upenocna cpepcawa cay>xe xoaa ca xoh>cxom h;ih bo- jiobckom 3anperoM; nopeA Tora HMa h tobhphhx xon>a. 5. nPOXOAHOCT, [IPErjlEAHOCT M OPMJEHTHCAPbE. ripoxoAHOCT 3eMa>HuiTa peae AHHapcxe odaacTH 3aBHCn oa K pmeBHTOCTH t. j. oa OAHOca raHHOBHTor Taa npeMa xpenibaxy h oa HaroMHJiaHOCTM 3a xpac xapaxTepHCTHHHHx odanxa (wxpana, Bprana, yaaaa, xpenfbanxHX rpedena h BpxoBa). Y tom ce no- raepy MO>xe pa3anxcBa™ Bpao a>yTH Kpac, a>yT xpac h yMepen (naHTax) xpac. y Bp ao jbymoM Kpacy MO>xe ce nemax jeABa xpeiaTH. OsaxaB xpac HHHe ropibH AeaoBH bhuihx naaHHHa, PyAHHe h Xy- MHHa y XepperoBHHH h Ljpnoj Topn h jy>XHoj /JaaMapnjH. Y A>ymoM Kpacy MO>xe ce neiuaAnja join xpeiaTH de3 yno- Tpede pyxy. Kotb je HeynoTpeda>HB; oBaxaB xpac HMaMo y ne- aoBHMa L],pHe Pope n XepperoBHHe xoje He npunaAajy PyAH- HaMa h XyMHHH h Ha TpMeny, CpHeTHpn, MHHHepy. OcTaao je yMepen (annxaan) Kpac, y xoMe ce xohai Mory cnopo xpeTara. Ljeaa AHHapcxa odaaCT ochm Aodpo npoxoAHwx noa>a MO>xe ce cMaTpam xao npoxoAHa caMo 3a uewamjy, oppcKy apmnne- pnjy n moBapny KOMopy. KpeTaibe nemaAnje je obac onAe Bpao Teuixo, aaw anax cxopo CByAa Moryfce, no neMy ce xpac pa3an- xyje oa bhcoxhx naaHHHa. HajTe>xe je xpeTan>e y uiyMOBHTOM 95 Kpacy. KpeTan>e Kotouife, ao/bcue apmnnepnje h memehe KOMope je y rjiaBHOM orpaHHaewo Ha nyTeBe. BpeMe h roAHum>e Aoda yTHHy jaico Ha npoxoAHoer bhcokhx aaaHHHa (cHer, Mama, dypa) h no^>a (nonnaBe oa OKTodpa ham HOB eMdpa ao anpHAa h jyHa). y noraeAy npoxoAHocTH Tpeda joiu obo nanoMeHyTH: tbme, Koje ce HaAa3e B'etiHHOM caMO no yBaAaMa h nojbmsa, orpatjeHe cy o6hhho 3HAOBHMa hah HAOTOBHMa. y nepHOAHHHO n0nA3BA>eHHM nOAbHMa HMa BetiHX Miuam, HHja je npOXOAHOCT cyMH>HBa. flOKpHBUH 4MHe BHCOK3 UiyMa, HHCK3 LliyMa, p6ytt>e H UIMdAje. BacoKa je oiywa Aocra peTKa, Hajaeurha y HenpHCTynHHM npe- APAHMa, norAaBHTO hi ceBepHHM h hctomhhm naAHHaMa BHLUHX HAaHHHa h HaA33H ce o6hmho Ha A>yTOM Kpacy. HnCKy LuyAv hhhh 3 ao 4 MeTpa BHCoica AHCHaia peTKa Apeefca ca rycTHM ydyHbeM. OBaKBa je HOpMaAHa uiyMa y Kpacy. IJdytt>e je Hapo- hhto rycTO y npHMopjy. riperAeAHocT je orpaHHMeHa de3dpojeM HepaBHHHa, myMOM H JJ(6yH>eM Kao H 3HAOBHMa H HAOTOBHMa. OpnjemaHcaibe je bpao TeuiKO 3dor BeAHKe cahhhocth cbhx odAima m ocKyAiipe 3a opHjeHTccai-be noAodHHx odjenaTa, jep HaceA>eHa MecTa Aewe totobo CBa y yAydn>en>HMa. 6. MOPE M MOPCKE OEAJ1E. OsAe heMo HCTafcn one reorpacjiCKe eaeMeHTe, KojH yTHHy Ha HanaA ca «opa h OAdpaHy HamHX odaJia oa PnjeKe ao BojaHe (AywHHa y Ba3AvuJHoj AHHHjn 600 km) h iaTH caMO no BHjyraBHM KaHaAHMa, uiTa noBefcaBa nyTese. M3B6Chh K3H3AH cy nenoAecHH 3a BeAHKe dpoAOBe. Js ) IlpoAa3H Kojn cy nyuM CTeHa Kao hito cy H3Meljy /lyror OcTpBa h Menaae, H3Metjy Kopnyjie h nejbeiupa, He npeACTaBA>ajy Aaft>y h ca npHAHKaMa yno3HATMM dpoAOBotjaMa HHicaKBe TeniKohe. Aah 15 i riOTpeOHa Aydflua no fie 3a Be/iHKe SpoflOBe 7 no 8, 3a HajBehe 10 a 3 a TopneAH>aae 2 — 3 m. 96 Hofey, koa yrameHnx CBeTna>KH je naoBa>eH>e Moryfce caMo Ha ochobh no3HaBaH>a cehx npenpena. Yaaan Kao OHaj y LUnde- hhhkh KaHaa 3axTeBajy TaaHO no3HaB3H>e MecHHx npnanKa h CTpyje. Ciora HMa BeoMa mhoto CBeTHJbKH h 3HaKOsa Ha no- AecHHM TaaKaMa; 6e3 ibhx je naoBa>ett>e Bpao tcuiko. Ilpnm3 odaaM ca Mopa orpaHHneH je AyryjbacTHM, odaan napaaeaHHM OCTpBHMa H HH30BHMa OCTpBa Ha HeKOaHKO OTBOpa, U1TO OaaK- uiaBa HaA3npait>e, CaMO npeff odaaoM koa Poro3HHpe (n3Mefcy UJH6eHHKa h CnaiiTa) n n3Meijy /(ydpoBHHKa h BojaHe HeMa ocTpBa. JIaBHpHHaT ocTpBa BeoMa oTewaBa n3BH^aH>e Ha Mopy u npywa MHorodpojaa CKaoHHuiTa. FIpeKOMopcKa Be3a H3Meljy Kpa- a>eBHue h /(ydpoBHHKa MoaeTa noi-nyHO OTBopeH npeMa JlacTOBy. Crara dH HMao jeAHOM Beh npojeKTOBaHH KaHaa Kpos BpaT rie- a>ernupa koa CTaBba BeaHKH 3Hanaj (AyaoiHa l - 5 km). BpeMe: HapoHHTO y 3 iimckom noayroijy t. j. oa xpaja oKTodpa Ao Kpaja MapTa OTewaHa je naoBHAda H3H3MeHHHHO OypoM (c.-h.) h mnpoKOM (j.-H.). Oda BeTpa, a HapoHHTO uiHpoKo npoy3poKyjy BeaHKO Taaacan>e Te cy onacHH 3a Maae dpoAOBe. IHnpOKO je nopea Tora h AyroTpajaH, aok je dypa onacHHja 3dor HaraocTH m janHHe. MHora npucTaHHUiTa Huey aobo-ibho 3amTniieHa oa obhx B eTpoBa, TaKO Aa y hckhm Aiory CTpaAara h ycnApeHH dpoAOBH. Bypa je HapoMHTO jaxa y KBapHepy, KBapHepoay, MopaanKOM KaHaay, koa UJiideHHKa h y BpanKOM KaHaay. Koa Bpao jaKe dype Mopajy dpoAOBH, ochm OKaonHsana h ocraanx ca jaKHM no- tohom, Aa npeKHHy nyT. Oda BeTpa ycnopaBajy Boaoty h oTe- aHO 3a naoBa>eite je, uito cy pa3anKe H3Meljy nasiMe h ocexe He3HaTHe. Jlyne, cnppmuma. Caa odaaa ie 3a Maine dpoAOBe (TopneAHbaae h noA- MopHupe) 3roAHa CKaoHHLUTa. /(ho je BehuHOM randoBaTO nan necKOBHTO, Te aodpo XBaTa CHAPO. 97 HajBefcn a Hajdoa>e 3aKaott>eHn 3anmn cy: BarapcKH, naujKa, LLlHCeHHHKH (TewaK yaa3), CnaaTCKa, KaeaKa, TpyrnKH h Eoko- KoTopcKH. Hajdoa>e nytce y noraeAy ncKpuaBaita a yKpuasaiia, ca npodpaHHM KejoBHMa a jihothm AH3aaai;aMa cy: Pajeaxa, HTajiajaHCKa JIoiaaH>CKa h 3aflapcKa, CnaaTCKa, TpyuiKa, 3eae- inwFca, THBaTCKa a KoTopcKa, 3aTHM Kpaa>eBBHre, 3aTaM o a yiuha Kpxe — ocbm KpaTKHx AejioBa koa CnanTa, Ha HepeTBa, y CyTopaHn a >Kyna — flo ByABe, HajBehaM AeaoM cmpMe. JlaHaja AydaHe oa 10 m HAe Ay>K CTpMHX odaaa aeAaaeKO oa KonHa, iuto OMoryfcaBa npaCaajKaBaiie paTHBM dpoAOBBMa ao rpaHape apTnaepacKor ao- MeTa a acKpuaBafte, BaH BeaaKax npacTaHauiTa. Aaa odaaK Ha- BeAeHHX odaaa y3HMa obhm noBoabHHM npaaaKaMa cxopo CBaxa 3Haaaj. rijiaHHHCKe naAHHe noHHy HaaMe cxopo CByAa y HenocpeAHOj daa3HHa odaaa; BacaHa hm je 300 ao 1000 m. Hpeaa3e ax, ochr peTKHx Apy^oBa, caMo ptjaBe cia3e a nopeA xora cy acnpecepaHe, CTeHOBHTe, Bpao CTpMe a BehaHOM KpacHe aaa koa Maa>er Harnda 3dor MHoroSpoj :ax Tepaca Temao npoxoA ie. Tpyne ce Ha OBe naAHHe nenby Bpjio cnopo. CHadAeBaite boaom je cicopo CByAa BeoMa TeaiKO. TaKBe cy Haponaro odaae MopaaaKor xaHajia, oko Poro3HHue, jy>KHO oa CnanTa ao HepeTBe, Ha nea>eamy, oa CTajta Ao LjaBTaTa, y Eoun a oa ByABe ao KacTeaacTBe. y obhm ASJiOBHMa Hauie odaae TeuiKO ce je noneTa aa OBe npaMopcxe nauaHe a npOAreTB y yH\TpamH>ocT. OAdpaHa aMa Ha pacnoao>KeH>y MHore, jaxe noaowaje, a nopeA Tora joj je ca npaMopcKax BpxoBa npy- >neHa BeaaKa nperaeAHoex. Hncne cy o6ajie oa 3pMaH>e ao KpKe. koa CnanTa, Ha yuihy HepeTBe a oa yapaita ao EojaHe. Hy, Ha HepeTBa je odaaa 3dor Moaapa HenpoxoAHa. Maa-e npnMopcKe Ha3HHe naaa3e ce koa Bpraxa, Ii,aBTaTa (k'aHaaa), Ha yrnhy CyTopnHe, y >Kyna j. oa Thbth a 3anaAHO oa ByABe, 33 thm koa ByABe, KacTeaacTBe, Bapa a ce- BepHo oa yapHH>a. Ha3BHa Ha BojaHa je 3 hmh rronjiaBJbeaa, a jieTa MajiapHHHa. M hbckhm ce odaaaMa Mory paTHa dpoAOBa cKopo CByAa npadaaJKaTa ao apraaepncKor AOMeTa. OcmpBCi HMajy caopo y cbbkom noraeAy reorpaijiCKe ocodaHe KonHa, t. j. Kpaca. BehaHa bmh BeoMa pa3yljeHe CTpMe odaae ca. 7 98 MHOTHM BehHM H MfttbHM JiyKaMa. CKOpO CBa HMajy BpXOBe 3H3THe BHCHue Kojn cy Bpao no/iecHH 3 a ocMaTpaite Mopa. CBa Befca ocTpea se3aHa cy Teaerpaa roAHimbHx no6a xao n y noraeAy TonaoTe. Mory ce pasaHKOBa™ pee no kjihmh B psio pd3H0Jime 3one, hhcko npHMopje ca oaaroM npiiiwopcKOM h naaHHHCKa 3eMa>a ca KOHTHHeHTaaHOM khhmom. KaiOKe HH3HHe, Kao AOH>a AOJiHHa HepeTBe, AoaHHa TpednfbaHpe, 3eTe, KOTanHa CKaAapcKor je3epa h Hii3HHa Ha AOifcoi BojaHH HMajy 6n ary npn- MopcKy KauMy ca He3HaTHHM pa3aHKaMa y ronao™. 3 hmci je KpaTKa, aohoch caMO Maao cnera. CHer He ocTaje flyro. CaMO 6ypa npoy3poie- <5pyapa, KpaTKO je, Bpao npoMeHa>HBO h khihobkto. AnpHa HMa Beh aeme TeMnepaType. Jlemo Tpaje oko ner Mecepn, TpajHO je BeApo, Bpao Bpyhe h oa Kpaja jyHa ao noaeTKa ceirreMCJpa CKOPO 063 KHUia (CCM Oayja). Ho, Mope H MOpCKH BeTpOBH aHHe >Kery CHoma>HBHjoM ho y yHyipaimtocTH. Jleno BpeMe Tpaje cxopo nenpecTaHO ao Kpaja cenTeMOpa. OHAa noaHite, Ha ceBepy paHHje a Ha jyry Aopanje cxopo pBOMecemo unmomnao Aooa. 2. njidHHHCKH upepenn HMajy KOHTijHeHTaaHy KaHMy. CypoBa 3HM.a Tpaje npeMa HaAMopcKoj bhchhh 3 Ao 6 MecepH, TpajHO je Bpao xaapHa h HMa Bpao mhoto CHera, Kojn ce y bhujhm aojio- BHMa (1600 m) Tonn Tex y anpnay a Majy. Ay rG 'rpajHe BejaBHpe oneMoryhyjy cb3km caoSpahaj. Y CHery ce ry6e CBe KOMyHHKapnje 36or aera rma y HeKHM KpajeBHMa (XepperoBHHa) Ay® nyTeBa HapoHHTHX 3H3KOBa (roMHaa xaMerba h MOTKe). Y hckhm xpajeBHMa je 3HMa Taxo oniTpa (Cjpaa Topa) ah cy onepapHje jeABa h3boa- a>HBe. KparbCKH Kpac HMa KpaTKy cypoBy 3HMy oa AepeMCipa ao 4>e6pyapa. 99 HoieTaK uponeha 33bhch oa ancoayTHe bhchhc; oho je KpaTKo, TipoMeHjBHBO h HMa He«aA y Majy noBpaie xaaAHofce ca CHeroM. Jlemo je y hh>iy HeKoanKo aacoBa Bpyfce, a Hotoi cy aecTO oceubHBO xaaAHe. VI y naaHHHaMa je unuia Hajaemfea y jeceH, 33thm y npo- aeke. JleiHo je BpeMe ceM y UpHoropcKHM BpAHMa, CByAa cyuiHO H OCKyAHO y boah. JyTapfte Marae cy necTe y npoaefae h jeceH, OBAe ce OHAe jaBabajy h aera. 3. 3hmcko noaroije (oKTodap ao xpaja Mapxa) OAHHKyje ce y ode 30He jaKHM BeTpoBHMa, mnpoKOM (j.-H.) h 6ypoM (c.-h.), KojH AOHOce odwHHO h npoMeHy BpeiweHa. UlapoKO Tpaje Ayro (aeTpuajecT pawa), aohoch BHuiy TeMnepaTypy, oShhho KHUie h npoy3poKyje koa MHornx a>yAH yMopeHOcr « raaBodoa>y. Bypa je TpHnyr neuiha oa uiupoKa h Tpaje o6hhho 9 Aana. /Johoch naA TeMnepaType h cyBy xaaAHofey. y 3/ipaBcawenoM uoznepy cy npujinKe y yHyTpauiH>0CTH doa>e Hero y npHMopjy. Hajneiuha cy pa3doaeBaH>a y jyay h aBrycTy, a Hajpelja oa cenTeMdpa ao HOBeMdpa. HajonacHHje cy rpo3HHpa (Maaapnja) y npejiemaa ca ne- PHOahhhhm MoaapHMa, AaKae y BefeHM noJbHiua, npHMopcKMM hh- 3HH3Ma h CKopo CBHMa AoaHHaMa (HH3HHe Ha BojaHH h Ha ymhy HepeTBe, MocrapcKO daaTO, Opjanpa, TapKo, CTatt>o, Mmotckh, Khhh, AoaHHa 3pMaH>e, Bpropau, BeHKOBau, JIwKa). rpo3Hnpa ce jaBa>a o6hhho oa Maja ao cerrreMdpa, a HajonacHHja je y jyay h aBrycxy. riopeA Maaapuje cy necTH KaTapn nayiiHH h ctomhhhh, ratjjyc h aema rpo3HHpa (ppeBHH KaTap ca rpo3HHu,OM). 7. CMELLiTAjHE nPMJIMKE. rnanua mcejba y ynyipauiftocTH oBe odaacTH cy y KpacHHM noa>HMa: U,eTHH>e, HnKuinii, HeBecnine, Tpednite, HyBHO, JIhbho, Oronap, rocnwh, Jloraiep. y nDHAiopjy cy Bapouin y 3aujTnheHMM noaowajHMa, jep cy aecro dnae H3ao>KeHe HenpHjaTea>CKHM nana- AHMa, HapoHHTo rycapcKHM. OBaKBe cy BapouiH Kotop, /JydpoB- hhk, Tporwp, LLiHdei-iHK. HpuMopcRe Bapouin cy na odaan Aiaaax ppara, Ha y3HHaMa h Ha pTOBHMa. Totobo yB8K je na kpluhom dpAy rpaA wan pa3Ba- 7* 100 jiHHa rpaAa, a noA H>HMe je Bapom, Bpao ycxnx, HajBnme npaBnx. n MaxoM npjbaBHX yanpa, Koje cy necTo Bpao CTpMe. Ha pacKp- uiTHMa cy TproBH nan nnjape ca dyHapnMa. CaMO hckhm raaBHHM yanpaMa Mowe ce npokn ca KoanMa; cnopeAHe yanpe cy necTO KaMeHHTe cienemipe, cnaae. CBe cy Kyke oa KaMeHa ca Aaa nan Tpn cnpaia, noKpnBeHe ppenoM. Kyke cy o6hhho npenyHe, Hennere. Ha npnseMHOM cnpaTy Haaa3e ce AykaHH, Mara3e, CTaje. OAeaiema 3a CTanoBame cy Maaa n de3 nekn. KoHjyumnpa HMa Maao. H3y- 3eiaK mhhh ftydpoBHHK Kao aena n nncTa Bapom. Cena cy y KpacHHM noaaiMa, yBaaaMa n BpTanaMa. Aan Hacea>a totobo hhk 3A3 Hncy no AHy obhx KOTanHa, jep HMa Maao opake 3eMa.e y peaoj odaacm; ochm tora, AHa KpacHnx noasa ce H3deraBajy n 3dor nepnoAHHHnx nonaaBa. H Taxo cy ceaa no- raaBHTO no odoAy KpacHnx yAy6a>en>a. Ceocxa cy nacea^a y yHyTpammocTn pa3dnjeHor, a Ha Mopy n y npnMopcKHM paBHnpaMa 3(5njeHor mna. Ceaa pa3dnjeHor rnna Kpaca pa3anK>jy ce oa ceaa cyceAHor CTapora Baaxa no CBOMe noaowajy. Hncy Ha dpAnwa Bek no BpTanaMa, yBaaaMa n noa>HMa. CeM Tora cy Kyke 6an>Ke jeAHa Apyroj, jep 3eMa>a 3a odpa^HBame n 3a HaceaaBame je orpami- neHa. H y KoanKO ce npndaioKaBaMO jaApaHCKOM npnMopjy y ToanKO cy ceaa 36njeHnja. Ceaa npnMopja cy 3dnjeHor Tnna, ycxnx yanpa, aan necTO pa3dnjeHa y roMnanpe, Koje cy jeAHa oa Apyre Bnme nan Marne yAaa>eHe. Kybe ceociyma noik3hom caaMOM, AacKOM, naonoM nan ppenoM, ABOAeame nan TpoAeame KaMeHe Kyke, Aynaa nan TpojHa npn3eM- a>yma. Bpao cy necTe Kyke Ha ABa cnpaTa y jaApaHCKOM npnMopjy n y LjpHoj Topn; aan ochm Tora nx HMa no peaoj odaacTH KaMeHe Kyke. KauiTO cy OBe Kyke BeanKe n ocodnto Aodpo H3pa^eHe. 101 y raasnoMe, Mowe ce peiiH, na. cy Kyiie y tojihko 6e% Hnje ft npHMHTHBHHje y kojiuko je BHme pa3BnjeHa nojaBa Kpaca. Y bh- cokhm npe#ejinMa Bpao a>yxor Kpaca cy HajHemhe jeflHOflejbHe npH3eMJbyme de3 hiokbhx yHyxpannbHx nperpa^a h npe3Hfla. IIoa je jieflHHa vum naditjeHa 3eMa>a, peije oa KaMPHa. flnMH>aKa HeMajy. yjia3H ce jeAHHM nan ABojHM nacnpaMHHM BpaxaMa. y 3HflOBH.via HMa iwaxoM MajiHx oTBopa, icojn ce saTBapajy Kanipma. Jbynn cxaHyjy y OBaKBHM iiphmhthbhhm KyhaMa 3ajeAHO ca ctokom. Ilpejia 3 oBaKBOM npHMHXHBHOM mobckobom Hacea>y je 0BA6 oH^e xaxo narao Kao h nojaBa Haj^yher Kpaca (XepperoBHHa, jy>KHa /jaaMaqHja). IlpeMa OBOMe cy CMeuimajHe upujime caMO no BaponiHMa pejiaTHBHo Aodpe; no cejiHMa cy, noaa3eliH oa Mopa, CBe rope, Taxo, Aa ce Mory kophcxhxh caMO xaroBH, MaHacxHpn n deroBCKe Kyfee 3 a CMemxaj Tpyna. M3BaH noa>a, yBaaa, Bpxaaa a npiiMop- ckbx paBHKpa Befee jeAHHupe Hehe moIih as CTaHyjy noA kpobom, uito 3ajeAHO ca cypoBOM kjihmom 3naTH0 oxewiaBa onepapnje y o Boj odaacxn. y KpaifcCKOM Kpacy cy npnjiHKe y hckojihko dojte, jep no ceaHMa y nojhHiwa n yBajiaMa HMa AOCTa Beiinx, hobhx Kyfea. Ann, no KpacHHM nospiunMa a OBAe neMa Taxo pehn Hacea>a hh cpeACTBBa. JloropoBatbe je 3 hmh 3dor ounpe KaHMe a aexn 3dor ocfcyAHpe y boah Moryhe caMO noA spao nenoBoa>HHM ycaoBHMa. 8. MATEPMJAJ1HA CPEACTBA. CTanoBHHUJTBO ce 3aHHMa noraaBHXo cxonapcxBOM h seMao- paAH>OM, a y npHMopjy h pndoaoBOM. HajMHorodpojHuje cy osiie h K03e; y MHoro Man>en dpojy HMa roBeAa (napoHnxo y ceBepHoj /jaaMapnjn), koh> 3, Ma3rn h M arapapa. ToBene je Mano h caado. — Oa cmonapcmx upomBopa HMa, noraaBHXo y jeceH, MHoro OBner n K03jer cnpa. SeMJbopanwa je Moryfea caMO no noaatMa h HH3HHaMa, Koje npeAcxaBa.ajy npaBe oa3e y Kpacy. y n>HMa ce ceje KyKypy3, Kojn hhhh raaBny xpaay cxaHOBHHuixBa, 3axHM jenaM h nacya> (Hapo- naxo y /jaaMapnjn); y LjpHoj Topn Heryje- ce h KpOMnnp. AaH it oBa >KexBa HHje cnrypHa ycaeA nonaaBa, Koje paao c jeceHH Ha- CTynajy, it xpajy ao aexa. IlpoH3BOAH hpikba Huey aobojbhh 3a CTanoBHHLUXBO (XepperoBHHa, Ljpna Topa). PeKBH3Hipja MOHKexBe. CaaMe HMa Bpao Maao. 102 Kao 3pnacma cmoma xpana ynoTpeda>yje ce — a«o ce y onrnTe ftaje ctoi;h — caMO jenaM; OBac je CKopo Heno3HaT. Cem ce Aodnja no 3hmh nonaaBa>eHHM aHBaaaMa, noa>HMa h no naa- hhhckhm namibauHMa. Aah h oa Tora HMa caMO Majinx xoxHHHHa, jep je CTOKa CTaaHO Ha nauin. Oa ocTaanx 3eMA>opaAHHHKHX npoH3BOAa HMa Boka, BHHa h AyBaHa (XepyeroBHHa, LjpHa Topa). y HajBekeM fleay neae odaacTH BaaAa 0CKyani{a y ppBHMa. CaMO Bncoxa XpBaTcxa, KpamcxH Kpac h bhuih AeaoBH naaHHHa y yHyTpauiHjOCTH iiMajy BeaHKe myMe. y hhwhm npeAeaHMa xpaca Hanaa3H ce caMO Ha ydyme h um6jhe. y xpacy npecyuie aeTH Mame Texyke Boae h cxopo cbm H 3BopH, Te BaaAa oa jyHa ao cenTeMdpa Bpao oceTA>HBa ocxy- Anya y boah, oa xoje CTaHOBHHuiTBo h CToxa MHoro naTe. Hapo- hhto a>yra xpac je de3 name BOAe, M3y3eBinH Hexa uoa>& y KojHMa HMa pennya. HajBekH aeo AKHapcxe odaacTH HMa ae™ caMO aTMOC^epcxy BOA.y, dnao H3 CHewHHxa y riaaHHHH Han oa 3aoCTaaor CHera npHxynjbeHor no KpacHHM nekHHaMa, dnao khiu- HHyy. OBa ce XBaTa nan y apnpoAHHM yAyda>eH>HMa, mMennifaMa nan y HCKonaHHM h od3HA3HHM namptbaMa, QncmnjepHaMa hah zycmpnjepmMa. Ctokb ce nojH Ha mokbomo, BpianaMa y xojHMa ce ap*h aTMOC^epcxa Boaa hah Ha yojutMa, BemTanxHM, noA3H- A3HHM aOKBaMa. y raaBHOMe ce MO>Ke CMaipaTH aa HMa Boae y daH3HHH na- eeajeHHX MecTa. Aan ycaea aeme cyuie npecyuie He caMO boao- fOU,H H H3B0pH Bek H MHOTH npHpOAHH H BdUTaHKH pe3epB0apH KHmHHpe, KOjH cy HeCTO npHMHTHBHH H no BeaHHHHH HeAOBOa)HH. MHora ceaa AOHOce OHAa BOAy Ha xoitHMa h Ma3raMa H3 aaa>HHe oa 2—3 uaca h to ca H3Bopa xojn He npecymyjy. y HexHM KpajeBHMa yumteHO je nocaeAHmx roaHHa AOCTa Ha nodoa>maH>y BemraHKHX pe3epBoapa KHuiHHye Taxo y KpamcxoM Kpacy, Bh- coxoj XpBaTCxoj h XepyeroBHHH (Ha raaBHHM nyieBHMa h Ha Be- ahkhm namaMa). Beka Hacea>eHa MecTa CHadaeBajy ce boaom noMoky bo ao boas (3aaap, /jydpoBHHx, MocTap, HeBecmte, Ljerarbe, JbydymxH, CToaau). Co ce AodHBa caMO y npHMopjy. Hnpycmpuja naMupunua je HesnaTHa. Beknx MaHHOBa h ( jiadpiixa 3a H3paAy Teera HMa y npHMopjy, a Beknx nexapmma y MocTapy, Bnaekn, TpedHmy, /(ydpoBHHxy, Cmty h KoTopy. 103 yomme y3eB 6nfee pexBH3nqHja ycneuma caMO y noraeqy jweca (cTOKe). y MecTO roBe^HHe Mopahe ce Hedo y3HMaTH osne hah K03je Meco. CTOKa je y npoaeke ycaea caade acxpaHe yBeK y caadoj KOHAHpajH h necTO flepHMHpaHa- HpH ynyhHBamy croxe noTpeOHo je, qa ce boah paayHa o H3BopnMa h namaMa. MecHa cpeACTBa cy Aaxae 3a Befee jeanHHqe cacBHM neao- BOJBHa. BaH AOMauiaja nojta h npMMopcxHx HH3HHa Hefce ce Hahn totobo HHiuTa. HajoceTHuje je Hemcme jipim h Jiern ochcypnifa y bom- Onepapnje y OBoj oSaacrM cy aaxae Moryhe, axo cy np«- npeM^eHe Bpao oiicokhhm AOTypameM cxopo cbhx noTpeQa. VI. HALU AEO HCTOHHMX AJinX M HbMXOBMX OrPAHAKA. 1. IlnaHHHe. OdaacT Haumx Mctohhhx Aana je OHBHaeHa Ha sanaav wra- jmjaHCKOM rpaimpoM oa XoTeAPHjnpe no Bpxa riehn, Ha ceBepy aycTpncxoM a Aia^apcxoM rpaHHqoM oa nehH ao J\. JleHqaBe, Ha HCTOxy oa npHjiHxe AHHHjoM Bapa>KAHH — 3arpe6 — KapaoBap MeTPHxa — ropma Kpxa — jy>KHa HBupa Jby6a>aHCKor 6aaTa — Xoieapmupa. HaLuoj OTaySuHH npHnaqajy oa Wctohhhx Aana acaobk jywHHx xpeHH>a4KHX Aana, /(paBCxe rpyne m cpeamer nojaca. y jywHe Kpembame Anne cnaaajy JyjiHCKH, KaMHHHXH Aann h h>hxobh orpaHpu. Jyjincm Anna noAH>xy ce H3Me^y Bei-iepujaHCxe Hhshhc, pexe Eeae, CaBe, noa>aHcxe AOAHHe h Mapnje h cacTaBA>eHH cy oa Hexoanxo m3Chbhhx naaHHHCKHX rpoMaqa ca roatfM h ncnpe- cepaHHM TeMeHHMa. J\omaa 3HA>Hpe (npHTOxe 3Hae), IlpeAea, qo- aHHe KopHTHHqe h Cone qeae hx y qaa qeaa xojH cy cxormaHK Ha npeqeay. 3anaqHH qeo aokh cacBHM Ha HTaanjaHcxoj TepiiTO- pHjn, a rpeSeHOM hctomhot pqe Hama rpaHHpa ca BxaaHjoM. OBaj hctohhh qeo atme ceaepHO oa Mowupa (1602 m) hah AHHHje Baaa — EoxHmcxa CaBa cypoee CTeHOBHTe h HenpoxoaHe bh- coxe naaHHue. Cpearna BHCHHa raaBHor rpedeHa je oxo 2000 m a MHorn BpxoBH aoce>xy 3H3 tho Behe BHCime ; JaaoBep 2643 m, Pa3op 2601 m, TparaaB 2863 m, KamaBep 2568 m, JlaHmesHpa 2003 m, Poanpa 1965 m. /(ea obh H3Haa 2500 cy noxpHBeHH Be- hhthm CHeroM. PeTKH npeBOjn ae>xe 1600—2000 m bhcoxo. Haj- Ba>KHHjn cy: Mojcmponm (1611 m) xojoM nqe apyw H3 Kpamcxe 104 Tope y /Jojwhh y TpeHTy y aojihhh Cone, Jlynwa (1758 m) koj'om Hfte CTa3a hs MojdpaHe y Jlor y ao;ihhh Cone, B. Bpaxaa (1927 m) KojtiMa CTa3a oa EoxmtCKe BucTpnqe y Cony, B . Bozamun (2008 m) KOjuM me CTa3a oa BoxHibCKe EncTpHqe y KoOapHA a U,pHa Ffpcca (1760 m) koj'om HAe CTa3a H3 Boxmte y pojuiuy Bane. Cbb OBe CTa3e cy TeuiKe, shmm oOhhho Heyno- TpetwtHBe nemaaKe CTa3e. rieuiaaKe cy cia3e ochm HaBeAeHor ApyMa npeKo MojcipoBKe jeAHHa KOMyHHKaquja oBor Aejia Jyjm- ckhx Aana. Jy>KHo op jiHHHje Baaa — BoxHacKa CaBa Hajia3e ce cpeAfte ruiaHHHe Koje onaAaj^ no bhchhh hayIsh j'yry. y OBe cnaAajy naa- HHHe oko U,epKna, Hnpucm h UJKOcpjejioutKa Bpm n Ylonxo- zpajcm RonoMman. OBe npeAajmncKe njiaHHHe, xoje cy mhoto- OpojHHM AoanHaMa h AOJiHHHqnMa pauiH/iaH>eHe y MHore rpyne, HHHe npeaa3Hy odnacT H3Meijy Aana h AHHapcKnx njiaHHHa. J\ o- jiHHe cy Bpao y3aHe ca ctpmhm CTpanaMa, AOH>e naAHHe noxpH- seHe rnyMOM n pSynbeM, HecTO H3f>nja CTeHa Ha noBpiuHHy. Hapo i iHTo npeaejiH Ha o6e CTpaHe rpanHqe cy cjia(5o HacejteHH. llpeKO ruiaHHHe BOAe y3aHHM cnpoMamHHM AOJiHHaMa MecTHMiiqe CTpMH APyMOBH IIlKOfjjja JIOKa — riOAOpAO (804 m) — Tojimhh h LLIxo^ja Jloxa — PjepKHO (800 m) — Cb. Jlyqnja. HcnoA obhx njiaHHHa boah Taxo 3BaHa EoxHitcKa >Keae3HAHKa npyra oa JeceHHqa npexo Box. EHCTpnqe — (TyHe;i) — IIoaOpao — Cb. Jlyqnja y ropnuy. KaMmmm urn GaiMtbCK.il Anun noAnxcy ce Ha o6e CTpa- ne ropn>e KoKpe h ropite CaBiin>e; HMajy Tatcotje o6jihk Ma- chbhhx rpaMaAa h Aocoxy BiicuHe npexo 2000 m (TpHHTaBeq 2530 m, Cxop>Knti 2134 m, OjcTpnqa 2350 m). Ha H>nMa HMa jeAHHO nemaHKHX CTa3a, Te HMajy BejiHKH 3Hanaj KOMyHHKapuje Koje hx o6njia3e h to Ha 3anaAy Apy« KpaH> — Koxpa — Je3ep- ckh Bpx, Ha jyry ApyM KaMHHK — MpHHAeq (904 m) — TopH>n fpaA — PaAMnpje Ha CaBHHbn a Ha hctoky APyw aojihhom Ca- BHH>e npexo PaAMHpja y CoaaaBy. Hctohho oa JbyOjbanCKe kotjihh6 npywajy ce Ha o6e CTpaHe CaBe HeKOJiHKO seHaqa cpeAftnx njiaHHHa, Koje ce c one CTpaHe CoTae (npnTOKe CaBe) nacTaBJbajy h saBpmyjy ca MBamiiiiHuoM. CeBepHH BeHaq nonnibe koa KaMHHKa h Byne ce A.y* CaBHH>e, cpeAftH HKHe Jlnmnjcm nodplja (KyM 1219 m) a jy>KHn na AecHoj oSajiH CaBe Boxop (1023 m), OrpaHipi obhx BeHaqa npy>Kajy ce AO KpuiKor nojba h EepwHHKe Kotamie. ITjiaHHHe cy caciaBJbeHe 105 norjiaBHTO oa KpenibaKa Meijy KojwMa HMa jxocia mopckhx ceAH- MeHaxa h y nt>nMa Ha mhohim MecTHMa Mpxor yrjba (3aropje, Tp(5oB;be, XpacTHHK, PajxeaOypr, LUt. JaH*, [\iio6oko h AP-)- FIjiaHHHe cy noKpiiBene myMOM a HMajy pa3BnjeHy nyTHy Mpe>Ky. C oHe CTpaHe AOffce Kpxe noAHHHpe ao Je3epcKor Bpxa nenpe- KHHyT aaHap bhcokhx, ajinnjcKHx naaHHHa. Hdhxobh najBHiiiH BpxoBH cy Kena (hjih Jena 2144 m), Odnp (2141 m), flepa (2114 m), Ctoji (2239 m), KoiiiyTa (2135 m), OBHeBa hjih OjiuieBa (1930 m), ' Hctohho oa Je3epcKor iipxa cy Bpjio uiyMOBme h cjiado npoxoAHe cpeAtte n/ianHHe Koje ce npynrajy ao AP aBe h MHCJiHH>e. Kapa- saHKe cy HapoHino y 3anaAHOM AOJiy BeoMa CTpMe h TeuiKO npo- xoAHe. ripeBoja HMa Bpjio Majio; HajBa>KHnjn cy: TlopKOpeHCKO , cepno (1071 m) koj’hm boah Bpjio ctpmh nyr IloAKopeH — BejtaK, Jbyoejb (1370 m) ca apY'mom Kpatb — IJejiOBap, Je3epcm Bpx (1218 m) ca ApyMOM Kpatt. — >Kejie3Ha Kanaa — BejiHKOBap, Hojihhk (hjih MaBHHK 1440 m) ca ptjaBHM nyTeM H3 CojinaBe na ropftoj CaBHH>H y >Kejie3Hy Kanjiy, Konpnm nop FlepoM ca ptjaBHM nyxeM H3 HIomxajHa Ha IlaKH (npHTopn CaBHit>e) npeKO IJpHe y UlTeden (y IIoAjyHCKoj aojihhh) h rio/baue (545 m) ca ApyMOM oa A- AP aBor P a Aa y njinSepK, McnoA KapaBaHana boah KapaBaHCKHM TynejioM >Keae3HHHKa npyra oa Jecemipa npexo rioApo>KHHpe y IJejioBap h Bejhaio KapaBaHKe cy oa JyjiHCKHx Aana OABojeHe A 0 -H BH0M KojoM Tene CaBa AoJiHHKa. OBa je AOJiHHa hhckhm PaienKHM pa3BoijeM Be3aHa ca aojihhom 3njbHpe. PboM BOAe apvm h >Kejie3HHHKa npyra oa JbyOjbaHe npeiKa Ohjio y TSeMOHy Ohjiq y EejbaK. HacTaHaK KapaBanaxa HHHe Bmucubcm 6ppa, tcoja npeaa3e Ha XyAoj JlyKHH ApyM h HKHo oa PlTyjcKor nojba. Y obhmp cy Hajno3Ha- THjH Mayejb, HoHdHKe zope (883 m) h PaBHa ropa koJom ce peo BeHap saspinaBa Ha Bapa>KAHHCKoj hh3Phh. CBe ose naaHHHe cy 106 bpjio iiiyMOBHTe, cpa3MepHO npoxoAHe h OAaHKyjy ce Hajia3HLU-- THMa pa3HOBpcHnx pyAa. Oa cpepwes nojaca Anna npHnaaajy nauioj OTaydHHH caMO MajiH AeJioBH, Taxo OABojeHa rpyna Cmpojne (1054 m) Ha Aecaoj odaJiH ApaBe, 3aTHM jy>KHH orpaHan ronnife (am Kopnue) ca Ko- mefbaKOM (1522 m) ceBepHO oa J\. ApaeorpaAa, Floxopje H3Meijy ApaBe, MncjiHft>e, ropH>e /(paBH^e h niyjcKor nojta, Ko3jaa ce- BepHO oa Apaee h Haj3aA CnotseHcne ropnpe H3Me^y AP aBe H AOfte Mype. lloxopje Aoce>Ke micany oa 1500 m, hmh djiare od- jiHKe m BeoMa je pa3yy^eHO MHorodpojHHM AOJiHHHuaMa. IIokph- BeHo je EejiHKHM uiyMaMa h HeMa hh jeAHe dojte KOMyHHKapuje. Ko3jaK HMa Behw 3Haaaj Kao rpaHHHHa HAaHHHa; HacejteHOCT je AOda caada h ceM APy«a MapeHdepr Ha AP aB « — Mbhhk (ceAJio 670 m) npejia3e ra caMO pijaBH a ctpmh nyieBH CnoBencne ro- pme cy hhckc, Aodpo Hace^eHe h KOMyHHKaTHBHe m npeAcraB- jtajy 3ajeAHo ca Xaao3aMa h KaJiHHKOM 3anaAHy HBHpy BeanKor naHOHCKor daceHa. 2. KOTJIHHe H AOJIHHe. Jby6ibaHCKa h Kpawcua kotjihh 3 (CopuiKo nojbe) iK e - ia 11 CopmKo nojte 30By ce h TopeitcKa paBan. IJesbCKa am Cammcm koT ain-ia je Aodpo KOMyHHKaTHBHa a npoxoAHa. CjiHHHe OAJiHKe HMa a npocxpapa KpMKO-Ppewmm KOTJIHHa Ha AOft>Oj KpKK H CaBH. ropn>e rimyjCKO no/be ae>KH Ha AecHoj odajin ApaBe, a AOn>e Ha aeBoj. Ilpso je caado odpatjeHo, AeaHMHpe uiyMOBHTo h y cpeA^eM A^-ay ocK-yAHO boaom, a Apyro Bpao naoAHO. Oda cy Bpjio KOMVHHKaTHBHa. 3. PeKe. CaBa hhhh hh3Poaho oa PaAOBfl>Hpe npenpexy 36or ko.jih- 4HHe BOAe h odjiHKa odaaa, Koje cy oa jaeopHHKa ao yTOKa Cope 50 m AydoKo yceneHe. Ta30Ba HMa y djbaHCKOM nojby koa HHCK or CTaa>a BOAe. UJHpHHa peKe jd y3BOAHa oa Jb>dA>aHe AO 100 m, oa Jbyda>aHe ao Paaena 100-150 m, a hh3boaho ao 107 3arpeda 150-250 m. Topita CaBana AOJiaaa Koja ie npeKO Paien- Kor pa3Bolja (849 m) Be3aHa ca aojihjioai 3ajb?pe AOda je ma- poKa, aapoHHTO hh3boaho oa PaAOBJbape, rfle nonage ropen>CKa paBaH. M3Metjy cena CaBe h PaAena flOJiHua je 3HaTno cy>KeHa. CaBa Tene, npaheHa cawo jKejieBaanKOAi npyroM, Me^y A^ecTawape cre- hobhthm, HenpacTynaHM odaaaMa. OdaajKbbe cpeAtfce naaHHHe cy caado npoxoAHe h totobo des doa>ax KOMVHHKapaja. Hh3boaho o a Papena poaaHa ce HeuiTO pamapyje, aaa tck iKH i iK0 nojbe. PeKa ce panBa y BHiue pyxaBa. y obom ce fteay CaBa peTKO Rap cbcbum 3aaepa. Beamce BOAe Hapoaa3e y Mapry h anpaay iaHape npenpeaa naje BeaHKa; moctobh cy nee™, y OAceKy oa Jbyda»aHe ao KpujKor HMa .waao MOCTOBa a y odaambaM ruiaHHHaMa a mano KOAiyHHKapaja. npejia3 je npeKO oBor OAceKa CaBe FehaM jepaHapaMa OTewaH HeMaH>eM KOMyHH- Kapaja, oOjihkom odaaa a dpwHAi tokom. /Id ana Tene oa A 01ter AP aBOr P a A a AO Mapadopa, a3Mel>y Ko3jaKa a Iloxopja y y3aH0j, MecTBAiape KJiacypacTOj aojibhh, npaheHa jy>KHO >Kejie3HanKOAi npyroM a ceBepHO ppyMOAi. Ca jyra, npeKO ctpmmx naAHHa Floxopja, npana3e pepa caMO pijaBM npa- poAHH nyieBa. km a ca ceBepa boah cbmo jepaa ppyM (Mbhhk — Mapeadepr) y oBaj OAceK AP aBHHe AO-mwe. UJapaHa je peae 100-150 m. . ( ... Hb3Boaho oa Mapadopa Tene AP aBa Kpo3 mapoKo OTyjcKo nojbe Koje ce pajbe npewa mctoky HaciaBJta y BapawpaHCKoj paBHH. PeKa ce hhsboaho oa fHyja pansa y pyKaBe. OcipBa a odjiajKfba seMibBuiTa noKpaBeHa cy jiyroBHMa a nonjiaBJbeHa npa- jiHKOAi napojiacKa BOAe, 3 dor nera cy a cjiado npoxopna. Cno- BeHcxe Topape BAiajy y npaBpy napanejiHOAi AP aBH Majio nyieBa. BenaKe Bope Hapojia3e CBane fOAane asMeijy anpa/ia a jyHa, necTO a y jeceH, naaBe pojiaHy a KBape KOAiyaaKapyje. 3ha4h ce rperpe CTBapa nep. Mypa je 150 m ujapoxa, npjio dp3a a HAia Hacne odane. BenaKe BOAe naponase y Majy a jyHy. Ha Haiuoj lepaiopaja t. j. oa LHnajba Tene Mypa mapoKOAi, nnopHOAt a rycTO HacejheHOM Aojibhom ie—LUouiTajn—/joH>n /(paBorpaA; Beh Ha3eAeaa npyra 3nAaHH Moct— 3arped; JbySjbaHa — BnuiH>a Topa —Hobo MecTO — KapnoBair, JbytObaHa—KoneBje ; Jby6n>aHa—KaMHHK h Jby6;baHa—JeceHHpe—Kpaibcxa Fopa—TpdmK—TseMOHa hjih B e/bax oa Koje ce oneT OABajajy npyre: JeceHHue — KapaBaHCKH TyHen (8 km) —rioApo>KnHpa — Bejbax (LjeaoBap) n jeceHHpe—BoxnH>CKa BacTpHua —Boxhh>ckh TyHen (6,3 km) — Cb. Jlyipja—ropupa. npyra Ben—Mapn6op—Jby6jbaHa—(TpcT) h h>chh KpaKOBH aa n,enoBaq, B. KaHH>Ky h 3arpe6 cy CBojHHa npnBaTHor APyuiTBa jy>KHHX Ha Aeo Hajvpalie BC3e npecTounpe ca obom odaamfey npefly 3 eTH cy h3B6chh paAOBH y cBpcn nojanarba TpaHcnopTHe Mofew. BefiH 3Hanaj HMajy bcjimkh KapaBaHCKM h BoxhhjCKH TyaeA Ha npy3H UjeAOBai;—JeceHHpe—EoxmbCKa EHCTpnpa—ropnna Koja je HHaae caiwo TpaH3HTHa npyra H3Meljy Aycrpaje h MTaaaje. >' noraeay aycTpHCKor TpaH3nra je Ba>KHnja npyra Mapndop—Jby- da>aHa—PaxeK, nouiTO cnaja Ben HajKpahnM nyTeM ca Tpctom. TpaH3HT nrpa y onujTe BejiHKy yaory cKopo Ha cbhm npyraMa ode odAacra. HpyMOBH (HacnnH) cy sehuHOM BpAO Aodpo H3paijeHH h oapwaBaHH. Aah Ha HeKHM mmh bbahkhx ayroTpajHHx ysdpAHpa (apyMOBH npexo Jbydejba, Jesepcxor Bpxa, IIoAdpAa h UjepKHa). LUnpHHa hm je 2, 5 ao 8 m, rAerae h 2 m, ycnoH Aocewe necTO 11%. Moctobh cy oa KaMeHa hah APeeTa, peije oa JKeaesa a HecTO y>KH oa APywa. H y HacejteHHM MecTHMa je iunpHHa necTo Man>a (ao 2,5 m) hito OTewaBa MHMOHAa>KeH>e KOAOHa, nojeAHHHx Koaa, na h KOH>anHKa. Koncm upnpowm uycaeBn HAy mxom no hbpctom, KaMe- hhtom TAy. OShhho cy y3aHH, ctpmh, necTO Aydoxo ycenenn h HMajy MHoroSpojae oiiJTpe kphbhhc. OdjeKTH cy BehHHOM oa Ap- Bera h necTO pijaBH. KottCKe cy cma 3 e peTKe, jep ce TOBapHa ctokb caado yno- Tpeda>yje. neiucmkHX cma3a HMa MHoro y noApynjy JyAHCKHx Aana, KapaBaHana h KaMHHKHX Aana. One cy o6hhho p^aBe h Ka- MeHHTe. y noraeAy npaBpa HajBa>KHHjHx nyTeBa mojkcmo pa3AHKo- BaTH APyMOBe KojH BOAe npeMa h npexo ceBepHe, aycipncKe rpa- HHpe h oHe KojH BOAe npeMa h npeKo 3anaAHe HTaAHjaHCKe rpaHHue. npeMa aycTpncKoj rpaHHpn BOAe: 1) ApyM JBydA>aHa—Kparb—HoARopeHBejbaK, ca npaKO- BMMa Kpan>—JbydeA>—UeAOBap h Kparb—Je3epcKH Bpx—Be- AHKOBap; 2) ApyM (MeTAHKa)— Hobo MecTO—3nAaHH Moct— Hejbe-- XyAa JlyKHa— j\. /jpaBorpaA; 3) ApyM KapAOBan—BpeJKnpa—C a. EHCTpHpa —Mapndop: 4) APyM 3arped—KpannHa—HT>j—PaAroHa h 110 5) ApyM 3arpe6 — Bapa>«AHH- HaicoBap—PaArofia. ripeiwa HTajiHjaHCKoj rpaHHipi BOAe: 1) ApyiwBapawAHH TlTyj— Cji. EHCTpucia—LLIowTajH— KaM- hhk—K paw>—KpatBCKa Topa—'T p6h>k h Kpafocxa Topa—Moj- crpoBKa—BoBep—Ko6apnA; 2) APyM Bapa>KAHH—KpanHHa — U,ejt.e — JbyO^aHa—LUKO^ja JIoKa— rioACipAO—T ojimhh h LLlKocfjja JIoKa—LJepKHo— Cb. Jlyiyija; 3) ApyM 3arped -KpuiKo—BHiutba Topa—JbyO^aHa—JIo- raTeu—AjaoBLUHima—ropapa h JIoraTep—TpCT (bhah Kpa»>- ckh Kpac)i. 6. CiwemTajHe npnAHKe. rpa/icKa cy nace/ba peTKa; HMa hx y rjiaBHOMe caMO no aaBeACHHM BeiiHM KOTJiHHaMa. CaMo y hctohhom Aeay OBe odjiacra y KOMe ce rpaHajy cpa3MepHo hhckh orpaHpn Anna HMa sehn dpoj MatbHx na h BetiHX BapomH. y noApy^jy bhcokhx naaHHHa cy 3dHjena cena peTKa. OBa- kbhx HMa y rjiaBHOMe caMO y hh>khm AeJioBHMa ruiaHHHe h y raaBHHM AOJiHHaMa. Y cnopeAHHM AOJiHHaMa nocToje totobo caMO Majia CHpoMauiHa cejia oa hckojihko Aocia pa3f>HjeHHX 3acejiaKa. OBaKBa Hace/ba 3a CMeuiTaj tpyna fotobo h HeAOJia3e y ofenp, CTora, uito 3ay3HMajy Befcn npocTop h iiito cy ysex npHAHHHO yAajteHa oa nyxa. IlpeAejiH H3HaA 2000 m cy HenacejbenH. Y hckhm BHCOKHM AOJiHHaMa H Ha HCKHM BHCOKHM npeBOjHMa (JyjlHCKHX H KaMHHHKHX A.xna) HMa daaroAapehH typhcthph ajinujCKHx Kytsa Koje cjiywe TypHCTHMa Kao 3aKJioH h Mory nocjiy>KHTH 3a cMe- uiTaj naipoaa a M3 H>hx OAejbeHba. Kyhe miaHHHCKHx ceaa cy o6hhiho oa APBeTa noAHrHyie Ha TeMe/by oa KaMeHa. MMajy hckojihko OAejbeita h bhcok kpob oa Aacaxa, uniHApe hjih cjiaMe. ripeMa OBOMe MOHhx, Meda noAecHHx 3a Jiorope. 7. MecHa CpeflCTBa. Y noApyajy bhhihx njiaiiHHa HHHe cmonapccaiso h myMapcmBO r/iaBHO saHHMaFfce CTaHOBHHuiTBa. CaMO y uihpokhm AOJiHHaMa, Ill y KOTJiMHaMa h no hkdkhm naaHHHaMa je Moryka 3 eMibOpapwa. Tajn ce Kyi, Kynyc h OBac. ripn- hoc ie y noApynjy bhcokhx njiannHa caad. Eoa>e cy npHauxe v hctohhhm npeAeaima y KojHMa naaHHHe Aocency caMo ne 3 HaTHe BHCHHe h rfle HMa npocTpaunx nojba n HH 3 HHa. Aan h OBAe fie peiHa 3 a CHad- AeBaH>e BeiiHX jeAHHHpa, a CHa 6 aeBawe H 3 no 3 aAHHe Hanaa 3 H ycaeA Maite noBOJtHHx caodpakajHHX npnaHica Ha TeinKoke, xoje cy nnaK Maine ho y ocTaaHM odaacTHMa Kpaa>eBHHe. VII. HALU AEO IlAHOHCKOr BACEHA. CeBepno oa CaBe h /lyHaBa, a hctohho oa anHHje KapaoBap — 3arped — Bapa>KAHH — PaAroHa npocTHpe ce orpoMHH Ila- hohckh dacee, hh]h BeanKH Aeo npnnaAa Hainoj OTapdnHH. HajBefiH Aeo peae npocTopnje 3 ay 3 HMa HH 3 HHa, a na hckhm M ecTHMa H 3 AH>Ky ce Kao ycaMa>eHa ocipBa HHCxe naaHHHe, no- dpfja h dpe>Kya>pH. Hn3HHa je H3y3eB Moaapa h daaTa, rycTO Hacea>eHa, Kya- THBHcaHa h pa3HHM cpeACTBHMa doraia h noAea>eHa MokHHM npe- npexaMa AP aBe > AY Haea M Tape Ha nempn oAcexa. IJjeaa Ta npo- CTopnja HMa Kao norpaHHHHa odaacT BeaHKH 3Haaaj. 1 . Bhchhckh o 6 phk. BaHaT, Banna h Bapatna anne norayHy pasHnuy xoja je Haj- BeiiHM AeaoM noKpHBeHa AHJiyBHjaaHHM nacacraMa. OBa anayBH- . jaaHa noBpm H3AydeHa je Ha peKaMa ay>k Kojnx ce npocTHpy iunpoKe aaHBHjaaHe peHHe paBHiipe, Koje cy 3a HeKoanKo Meiapa HH>Ke oa AwayBHjaaHe noBpuiH. Hy, npeaa3 je totobo Henpu- MeTa>MB. HH 3 HHa je rAerAe Taaacacia. CaMo koa Tmeaa, HeAaaeKO oa yuifia Tnce, H 3 AH>Ke ce 120 m Bucoxa naona ca 50 m bhcokhm, ctpmhm HBHpaMa. y HeKHM npeAeaHMa 3 aMeH>ena je AHayenjaaHa 3 CMa>a chthhm, rAerAe jkhbhm, rAerAe eereTapnjoM yHBpiufieHHM /Sod' / A AA /* ■ g- 112 necKOM TaKo c.-h. oa CySoraue h y BefceM odHMy y EaHaTy hs~ Meijy /I,ejiHdjiaTa, AjindyHapa h Oa-iaHKe. Hn3HHa je He3HaTHO HarHyra npeMa jyry h jyro-HCTOKy (Cy- doTHpa 1 14 m, CoMdop 90 m, Bhhkobijh 90 m, Be;i. KaHHwa 83 m, Cpdodpan 86 m, Cp. MfiTpoBHpa 87 m, Hobh Caa 80 m, riaH- i ieBO 78 m). PeKe HMajy CTora Bpjio cjiad naa h TeKy y mhothm pyKaBHMa MettajyliH HenpecxaHO raaBHO kophto h noMepajyha cBoje odajie HHMe ce crBapajy HOBa h MeH>ajy crapa ocTpBa. 3dor ejiador naaa h hhckhx odajia pexe ce necTO H3JiHBajy h njiaBe npocTpaHe npeae;ie odjiH>Ktbe HH3HHe. Y mhothm ce npeaeJiHMa Boaa H3 nonaaBJbeiiHx npeaejia H3BJiaHH nywnaMa (boahc 3aapyre) ajiH HnaK nocToje, HapoHHTO ay* BeaHKHx pexa (AyHaBa, AP aBe > CaBe h Tnce) BejiHKH Monapn h djma. BH3HHe y BaHaTy h EanKoj cy aodpo KyjiTHBHCaHe, njioaHe, ajin ocxyaHe apBHMa h boaom. W3Meijy Bpjio hhckhx Tajiaca npo- CTHpy ce Monapn, pexe ca mhothm pyxaBHMa h dapaMa, nnje je npecyuiHBaH>e y TOKy. CpeM ie H3Me^y CaBe, /j,y HaBa H BocyTa na jyry MOKpa, CJiado KyjiTHBHcaHa h rycTO nouiyMJbeHa HH3HHa, a Ha ceBepv je eyB, rycTO HacejbeH h KyjiTHBHcaH. IlpdJia3H0CT 3aBHCH BeoMa oa BpeMeHa h TJiHHe. OBy HHHe y BanKoj ppHHpa, H3Me^y Tnce h /tynaBa necaK, a ocTajio ne- caK ca rjiHHOM. y khluobhto cy aoda BejiHKH npeae;iH noxpHBenH BoaoM. BaHaTCKa HH3HHa je Ha HCTOxy OHBKHeHa daHaTCKHM ruiaHH- HaMa, oa Kojnx ce Ha Hamoj TepHTopnjH HaJia3H caMo Bpiuanm Kyna (641 m) hctohho oa Bpuipa. House (549 m) H3Meijy Hepe h AY HaBa Koa Ee;ie I_(pKpe ;ie>Ke Bek c OHe CTpaHe ap* aBB e rpaHHpe. Ha 3anaay H3aH>Ky ce H3 IlaHOHCKe HH3HHe MHorodpojHa nodpija, cjiHHiia ocipBHMa. y CpeMy ce noaHHce noTnyHo oaBojeHa pyuim zopa, Koja- ce npywa jy>KHO oa A/ HaBa °A ByKosapa ao KapJioBpa y npaBpy 3.-H. HajBHuiH joj je Bpx L(pBeHH L IyT (539 m). PlpocTpaHe iuyMe h BeaHKa HcnpecepaHOCT t^hhobhthx CTpaHa HHHe, a a je (Ppyuixa ropa aiado npoxoana. IfceH 3anaaHH HacTaBax, hhckb, y3aHa xoca npeKHHyxa je Koa BnHKOBapa amiyBHjajiHOM hh3hhom. Ajih c OHe CTpaHe >Kejie3HHHKe npyre Bhhkobuh — Bpoa y npaBpy TaaKOBo pauiHpyje ce OBa xoca npeaasehn Haj3aa y cpea»>e iuiaHHHe iKemKHX naaHHHa a oa h>hx oABOjeHO hh3hhom H a Oaobh noAH>Ke ce MocnaBama nnanma 489 m), Tak'olje my- MOBHTa h caado npo;ia3Ha. C.-3. oa IlanyKa npywa ce napaaeaao ca /(paBOM Ayry^acra, hhckh, naomnara rpedeH Bnno (250— 300 m). H3Me^y Enaa h MocaaBanKe naaHHHe npocrape ce 6o- raTa KoraiiHa ropite Ha3Me (EeaoBap). Bhjio je jy>KHO oa KonpHBHHpe Be3aHO ca KammoM h oBaj Ha j.-3. ca 3azpe6mK0M ropoM, Koje cy Beh cnoMeHyTe Kao KpajhbH orpaHpHMcTOHHHxAjina h HBHHHe naaHHHeriaHOHCKor OaceHa. CeBepHO oa obpix xpBaTCKO-caaBOHCKHX naaHHHa npocrape ce Ay>K /(paBe llonpaBma Koja noHHite ca 4 It jckhm noa>eM koa M apndopa. LUnpoKa je 15—40 km h bhcokh 220—90 m (IlTyj 220 m, BapawAHH 173 m, BapoBurapa 122 m, OcjeK 94 m). ripe- Aean Ayw J\ paBe cy nepnoAHHHO nonaasabeHH, nyHH pyKaBa, mo- napa h 6apa a noKpHBeHH ayroBHMa n myMaMa. Hacea>a cy cnpoMamna. IJocaBHHQ, jy>KHO oa xpBaTCKo-caaBOHCKHX naaHHHa, noMHite ca KpuiKHM noa>eM koa Kpuixor h BpewHpe. hbeHa ancoayraa BHCHHa je Mafba oa IloApaBHHe (3arped 120 m, CncaK 99 m, JaceHOBaq 94 m, BpoA 90 m). LLlHpHHa joj je oa 15-30 km, ochm BeiiHx paiunpeita y JIoibckom noa>y Ha JIoibh, Ha MaoBH h I laKpH Ha ceBepy, a Ha Bpdacy, Bochh h #phhh Ha jyry. Hapo- hhto ceBepHO oa CaBe, H3Meijy 3arpeda h JaceHOBna Haaa3e ce npocTpaHH Monapn h dape. MHane cy BeanKH acaobh noKpHBeHH inyMOM HHMe je OTewaHa npoaa3HOCT. KapnoBcmm KOTanna Ha ceBepHoj KynH (rioKyna>e) OABojeHa je oa CaBe hhckhm dpewyaajHMa. y BaparbH, y OAceKy H3Metjy j\ paBe h /(ynaBa, H3AH>Ke ce' Ha caMoj rpaHHijH H3 AnayBHjaaHe noBpniHHe Kparaa Koca IJpna lllyMa (243 m). 2. PeKe h KaHaaM. CBe TeKyhe boac OBe odaacra cy hh3hhckc pexe Koje HHHe MoliHe npenpeKe, ca daamaBHM h nenpoxoAHHM, necTO nonaaB- a>eHHM odaH>KH)HM 3eMa>HiuTeM. Moctobb HMa Bpao Maao. it 114 Hynae, Tnca, Cam h flpaea cy bcahkh Boaenn nyieen, Bera, TaMnui Kao h KaHaan Kpa-ta rieipa a Kpa/ba AaeKcaHap a TpancnopTHe JiHHaje MaHber 3Hanaja. nojeaHnocTH o OBoj Mpe>KH BoneHHX nyTesa H3ao>KHkeMo y jeAHOM 3acediOM oaea>Ky. rioflH3att>e MOCTOBa Ha /Jj/HaBy, CaBH h Thch oMeTaHo je naAonacKOM boao h nonjiaBiMa Kao h BeipoBHMa (iKejie3HHHKHx no jeAaH koa Hobot C aAa h ToMdouia h apyMCKH koa HoBor CaAa. Cxeae (rpajeKTH) cy MHorodpojHe. Y norneay noAH3aH>a MOCTOBa b3>kh oho hcto uito je H3/io- >KeHO 3a OAceK /JyHaBa oa BeorpaAa ao THMOKa y oaea>Ky o MopaBCKoj odiiacTH. /JpaBa je hh3boaho oa ymka Mype BeaHKa npenpexa 3dor Beauxe kojhhhhc BOAe h 3dor CTBopa odjiHHOfcer 3eMa>HuiTa. Kophto je HenpaBHaHO, na He«HM MecTHMa peryancaHO (3aiuTHTHH HacHnu). Odaae cy ao 5 Meiapa BHCOKe. BeaHKe boao HaAoaa3e y npoaeke h jecen Bpao Harao h npoy3poKyjy BeaHKe nonaaBe. jle™ je cfarbe boac joui tohhko aa je MoryhHa naoBHAda. Y Bpao xaaAHHM 3HMaMa 3aaeAi ce pexa Taxo Aa ce no aepy MO>Ke npeaa3HTH h KoaHMa. /Joanna je paena, MecTHMHpe necKOBirra h Taaacacia, Me- cTHMHpe MonapHa h uiyMOBina. /JecHa odaaa AOMnawpa ochm koa ilerpaaa n Bn3Bapa, rae Ha aeBoj odaan dpewyjbpH aonnpy ao caMe peiKeae3HHaie, /Joh>:i Mh- xo.’Hau Xapxaft, OcjeK — Moholhtop, apywcKHX koa Bapaa, /Jotter Mnxoa>pa h OcjeKa. 115 0 CaBii je dnao Bek roBopa y OAea>qnMa o CeBepHoj Bochh h MopaBCKoj odaacxn. Tuca je hhsboaho oa CereAHHa 3H3THa npenpeKa y BojHOM noraeAy. Pena je peryaacaHa. BeanKe BOAe HaAoaa3e nocae xona>en>a CHera n AyroxpajHnx KHiua h naaBe caMo 3eMa>nmxe n3Meijy 3ainxHXHnx Hacnna. Hhcko je cxan>e BOAe y jeceH. 3 hmh ce peKa 3aaeAH. /joaHHa je HajBekim agjiom HcymeHa. CTpane HMajy roxoao ceyAa HCTy BHCHHy, caMo koa Tnxeaa AOwnHnpa AecHa odaaa. MocTOBa HMa koa KaHnwe, Cxapor Eeneja n Tiixeaa (oBAe je >Kejie3HHHKn moct y paAy). CKeae cy qocxa necxe. TaMHiu je npenpeKa y BojHOM noraeAy n peryancaHa. Be- anKe BOAe npoyspoxyjy BeanKe nonaaBe; Haponnxo hh3boaho oa O paoBaxa cxojn boas Ha hckhm MeexHMa no HenoaHKo Meceqn. OaoBaH je ao riaHneBa a koa bhcokot cxan>a BOAe ao OnoBe. Beza ce He Mowe ra3nxn h naoBHa je hh3boaho oa Te- MHiuBapa. U,pm je npenpeKa 30or BeanKe dp3HHe h odanKa AoaHHe. Kanan Kpajba flempa n Kana/i Kpajba Anetcccmapa cy ■SHHXHe npenpeKe. 3. Karma h 3qpaBCTBeHe npHAHKe. KanMa oBe odaacxn je KOHXHHeHxaaHa. KapaKxepncxnHHe cy seanKe pa3anKe y xeMnepaxypn Aan>y n Hokn, aexn n 3 hmh. Ile- Phoah cyuia cy necxn. y MonapHHM HH3HHaMa IloApaBHHe, koa BnpoBHxnqe n OcjeKa, Kao n y riocaBHHH, koa CncKa n Ha Bocyxy, 3axnM Ha /JyHaBy n Tncn jaBJba ce Maaapnja HeiH0 Be3aHH. CpeMOM npoaa3n y 3anaAHOM npaeqy caMo npyra 3eMyH— HHijnja—BnpoBHXHqa, oat Koje ce oABajajy raaBHe npyre MHljnja —Hobh CaA—Cydoxnqa—ByAHMneuixa n BnpoBHxnqa—FoMdoni— Cydoxnqa—CereAHH n KpaKOBii aoKaaHor 3Hanaja aa KaeHaK, Pany n EpHKO. 8 * 116 H3Me^y Case h Jlpane Boae y raaBHOMe ABe npyre npeMa 3anaAy: jeAHa Ha jyry riocaBHHOM 3a 3arped (oa JaceHOBpa yABo- jeHa Ha aeBoj h AecHoj odaan) h APyia Ha ceBepy rioApaBHHOM npeKO OcjeKa, Hainnpa, CaarnHe, BppoBHTHpe y KonpHBHHpy. Ode cy cnojeHe npyraMa oa Kojnx je HajBanKHe aHHHje ce OABajajy KpaxoBH ao CaBe h ao docaHCKe Mpeaa—Eoc. Hobh) h npyra CncaK-KapaoBap a oa ceBepHe aHHHje npyre Koje npeaa3e jJpaBy h BOAe y Maijapcxy: OcjeK— Moholutop —nenyj, CaaTHHa—Cea>e —OAOMdoBap, BHpoBHTHpa—KanouiBap a KonpHBHHpa—TaCKettem —KanoniBap. y Banaoj je Mpejpa Bpao rycia; HajBa>KHHje cy npyre (xoje cy Beh cnoMeHyie) Hobh CaA —CydoTnpa h ToMdoui— CoMdop — CydoTHpa. nocae H3pape Be3e npexo Tnce koa Tmena AodHfce BefeH 3Hanaj npyra roMdom—H obu CaA — Tmea. Hajryuifea je Mpewa y BaHamy. Ho, oBa 3a caAa HHje Be- 3aHa ca npyraMa y cyceAHoj BanieHa ca npyroM THTea—OpaoBaT h moctom Ha Thch, a Be3a je ca cpdnjaHCKHM npyraMa npojeKTO- BaHa moctobhmp Ha Ay HaB y h npyraMa naHneBO— BeorpaA h Kobhh —CMeAepeBo. CBe cy npyre jeAHor HopMaaHor Koaocexa. Y CaaBOHHjH nocToje Hexe, BefcHHOM HHAycTpncKe npyre ycKor Koaocexa. Kpajite CTaHHpe na CaBH h /JyHaBy ypefjeHe cy 3a nperoBapHBafte ca dpoAOBa h Ha dpoAOBe. MHore cy npyre caMO aoKaaHe h HMajy BehHHOM caMO Maae CTaHHpe. HajBajKHHje pacKpcHHpe y rycToj >Keae3HH4Koj Mpe>KH OBe odaacTH cy: Bhhkobph, OcjeK, 3arped, CoMdop, Hobh Caa, Bea. KHKHHA a h MH^Hja. riynma Mpewa. Y hh3hhh cy BeniTanKH ApywoBH peTKH; ohh 3dor ocKyanpe y MaTepnjaay, HHcy daui Hajdoa>e H3paijeHH. Ha- Pohhto hx y BanKoj h BaHaTy HMa Bpao Maao. Y obhm Kpaje- BHMa HMa BHuie aKHJlH cmo ocoChhc T eKyhax BO«a, Koje oa h>hx hhhc npenpexy y BojHOM noraefly. Hy, aHanaj peKa He Jie>KH caMO y tomb uito oHe npeACT3Ba>ajy npenpexe, Bek h y TOMe uito cy nexe oa h>hx Ba>KHe TpancnopTHe .iHHHje, uito ce MHore pexe xopHCTe 3a HaBOAH>aBaibe oSmmtbHx HH3HHa h Haj3aA uito cbh boaotoah npeACTaBJtajy orpoMHe CHare Koje Mory cjiynoiTH pa3HHM uHAycTpacKHM u caodpafcajHUM CBp- xaMa. Yaory boashhx nyTeBa y paTy cmo Beti Ha3HaHtfjin; ohm M ory 6 hTh Bpao xopucHH Kao MofeHe KOMynuxauHje Ha KojuMa ee Mory CHafiAeBaTH HHTaBe apMuje u Koje oa npoTHBHHKa ne Mory 6 hth pa3pyuieHe xao ocTane KOMyHHKapHje. Boachh nyTeBH HMajy h BeaHKH TproBHHCKH 3Hanaj. Ohh noBefeajy, hcto Kao u Mexa- HHwa h exoHOMCKa eHepruja Koja Jie>xn y pexaMa, riputipeAHy Mok AOTHHHe 3eM^te. CTora he 6hth kophcho, Aa pa3r.aeAaMO peaHH cnaeT Hauie OTayfinHe u ca obhx raeAuuiTa. BeiiHHa Haiunx pexa oTuue y Upho Mope, Huju cjihb 3axBaTa 74% Hauie Tepmopuje, aok jaApaHCKOM cjiHBy npHnaAajy 24% a erejcKOM caMo 2%. Pa3Boije n3Meijy JaApaHCxor h IJpHor Mopa ue>KH CByAa HeAaaexo jaApaHCKux ofiana. Oho npejia3H Ha Hamy TepuTopHjy Ha spxy rieliH. FfcerauHHe: PaTeiKo pa3Bolje, jyjiHCKH Ajiuh, XpyuiHpa, IIjiaHHHa IlHBKa, PumibaK, ncTOHHa HBHija Bhcokc X pBaTCKe, ceBepHH Aeo /^HHapcKHX naaHHHa, UlaTOp, Bhtopot, Pa- Ayuia, MBan, EjejiamHHqa, TpecxaBHua, Jlejuija, Marjmk, Bojuax, Ch- ibajeBHHa, FIpoKJieTnje, >Kae6, CyBa ropa u ceBepHH orpaHUH lllape. Pexe BucoKe XpBaTCKe OTHHy BekHHOM noA3eMHHM tokom y JaApaHCKo Mope. Pexe ceBepHe ^ajiMapuje, 3pMawa (AyJKHHa 56 km), Kpua (57 km) h LfeamHa, (100 km), CBe Kparee npw- MopcKe pexe, OAJiHKyjy ce MHoro6pojHHM caanoBHMa. JywHHje ce 119 jaapancKH cjihb HeuiTO pauiHpyje. HepemBO. (230 km), ca Pemom, TpedHJKaTOM, BperaBOM h TpefiHHbHHpoM CKynp>a Bopy m pepe XepperoBHHe. Ms IJpHe Tope opBope Mopana h 3ema Bopy y CKapapcKO je3epo Koje oxane BojanoM y JappaHCKO Mope. Haj- tjiHpn je jaapaHCKH cjihb jyWHO op npoKperaja. Ty je HajsnaT- HHja peKa JJpHM (250 km), kojh pejuiMHpe rene nauioM TepHxo- pnjoM. CacxaBJba ce hs Benoz JJpiwa ko]h popa3H ms MeToxHje, H H3 UpHOZ flpHMa (437 km), KOjllM OTHMC OxpHpCKO, 3 HOp- 36 mho h MpecnaHCKO je3epo. /(pHM yTHne Hcnop Jbema y Jap- pancKO Mope h uiap>e jepaH peo CBojKx Bopa /JpiiMifem ($pw- HacoM) y EojaHy. fjiaBHa Hauia ezejrm peKa je Bap pap (370 km); iberoe cjihb 3a;ia3H Ha Hhuwh h JJeaeHpy HajBHiue npena ceBepy. Bopopep- HHuy npeMa ppHOMopcKOM CJiHBy HHHe: orpaHpn LLlape, CKoncna U,pHa Topa, Ko3jaK h naTapupa. PenHH cnjieT Bappapaje cnojeH kocobckom dH^ypKapHjoM ca cjihbom Mopase: HepopHMka, npH- TOKa JleneHpa, majBe jepaH peo cboJhx Bopa ria cesep, y Cnm- Htufy, npHTOKy Hdpa. BopopejiHHua je HajHH>Ka Ha IIpeuieBCKoj noBMjn (455 km) npeKO Koje bopk npapopaa nyr H3 pojiHHe Mo- paBe y pojiHHy Bappapa. Flopep Befc HaBepeHtix npHTHny Bappapy join: Tpecua (xaKoije PojieMa hjih BejiHKa), Bpezannnpa n I^vm, PapOBHUIKOM H CTpyMHHKOM kotjihhom npoTHne CmpyMiipa, npn- xoKa CmpyMe. y CJiHBy Erejcie pexe cecbhm npecyme. Bopy HMajy oHpa caM» Bappap, CTpyMHpa, Ljpaa PeKa h BperajiHHpa h ona ce kophcth 3a BeuiTaHKo HasopH>aBaH>e cbhx paBHHx pejioBa MaKepoHCKnx KOTPHHa. HajBeiiH peo HauiHx pexa npanapa CJiHBy l^pHor Mopa. Thh pena oBor cjiHBa je ppyrnajH Hero y jappaHCKOM h erejcKOM cjiHBy. KojiHHHHa Bope no pexaMa obhx cjimbobs je Bpjio nejep- Haxa y nojepHHHM ropHiuHbHM pofiaMa; HajHnwe je CTaa-e Bope peTH, Kap cy aTMocijiepcKH Tapo3H HajcjiadajH a HcnapaBatte naj- jane, a HajBHine y jeceH. Pexe ppHOMopcKor cphbe HMajy MaKCH- MyM Bope y npojiefce a y pano peio, a MHHHMyM 3hmh, npn HeMy pa3jiHKe HHcy tsko Beptwe Kao kop peKa jappaHCKor h erej- CKor CJiHBa. i TaaBHa peKa naiuer pepa ppHOMopcKor cjiHBa je HynaB , Kojn je no kophhhhh Bope h hpobhocth jepua op npBHx eBpon- ckhx pexa. fly>KHHa My je 2900 km a n>eroB cphb saxBaTa 800.100 km 2 (jy>KHy HeManKy, bcphkh peo MexocpoBasKe, pepy 120 AycTpHjy, Ma^apcxy, HajBetiH Aeo Hauie OiapdHHe h PyMyHHje h ceBepHy ByrapcKy). HauiOM TepHTopHjOM Teue o a Moxaua ao yuilia TiiMOKa (593 km) h cnaja je ca LjpHHM MopeM h npeKO MajHe h PajHe h ca CeBepmm MopeM. Iloc;ie CBeTCKor paTa je AyHaB oa y^Ma ao yuifca nporjiameH Me^yHapoAHOM peKOM h cTojn noA ynpaBOM MetjynapoAHe KOMHCHje 1 ). flyHaBOM Mory iuio- BHTH {JpOMOBH CBHjy HapOA3. HajBa>KHHje npwTOKe Ay« aBa jecy: flpaBa, CaBa, MopaBa, Taca, Bera, TaMnui, Maaaa, IleK u Thmok. Upana mmpz y AycipajH y hctomhom Tapoay, h yjia3H y Hamy 3eMJbv koa A 0ffc er AP aBor P a Aa. Aywaiia joj je Ha nauioj fepnTopnjH 392 km. Oa Mapudopa je ruioBHa 3a cnaaBOBe a oa Bapua 3a napodpoAe. PbeHa HajBefca npmoKa Ha Hauioj TepmopHjn je Mypa. Hh3boaho je oa ymha Mype nopeuje ApaBHHO Bpao y3aHo. CaBa HMa HajBeiie nopenje oa cbhx HauiHx npHTOKa AynaBa. OHa je HajBefea noinyHo iy>KHOCJiOBeHCKa pexa. Ay®™ 3 joj je 712 km. HfioBHa je sa napodpoAe oa Cncxa Ha H>oj Aewe Tpn raaBHa neHTpa Hauie AP®aBe (JbydjbaHa 2 ), 3arped, BeorpaA), CaBa n3B«pe HcnoA TpurjiaBa h HMa ABe n3BopHe peKe CaBy AojuiHKy h CaBy EoxHHKy, xoje ce cacTaBJtajy koa PaAOBJtHpe. CaBa npHMa y JbydibaHCKOj kotjihhh JhydrbaHwpy Koja CKynjba BOAy KpaHbCKor Kpaca, Aajbe Casatby Koja Tene ieH c;ihb HecuMeTpHuaH: ca jieBe cipaHe AodnBa caMo Maine npHTOKe Jlofty ca Wgsmom, Hnony ca IJaicpoM, OpjbaBy h Eocym aok ca AecHe cipaHe CaBH npuTHiy Ayre npHTOKe. IlpBa je Kyaa Koja y KapjiOBauKoj kotahhh CKynma MHore npHTOKe (Aodpy, Mpe>KHHpy, KopaHy h naihe Dimiy). OcTane cy docaHCKe pexe Koje 0 AB 0 AH>aBajy cxopo CBy EocnyJ hto: Ym ca Cohom, Bpdac ca rijimoM, Bocua ca KpmajoM, Capeno.w a Ysopom ii Haj3aA dpnna (HajBeiia Cabana npuTOKa, 450 km) Koja HacTaje oa Time, Tape h Jlnma. M3 Cpdnje npHMa Caea Maity Konydapy. Cxopo CBe AwnapcKe npHTOKe CaBHHe Texy o ropineM h cpeAfteM Aeay y y3aHHM, AydoKo yceueHHM AOJiHHaMa, HMajy mhoto boas h Be- i) Comission interalliee du Danube. L i aHoaa Te KOMHcnje cy: CBe odancxe apwaBe (BiipTe.wdepr, EaBapcua, Aycpaj?, BexocjioeaHKa, Maijap- eKa, KpameBHHa C X C, Py/wymija h ByrapcKa) a Em-necim, paHuycKa h HT anaja ca no j-ftHHM aaCTynHHKOM. Aoh>hm tokom AyuaBa oa Bpajne ao yrnfea ynpaBaa crapa HytiaucKa espoacm KOMnmja Kojy hhhc aacrynHHuu PyMyHHje, EHraecKe, paHpycKe h MTaimje. 0 JbydmaHa aewH HeuiTO nOAame oa CaBe, Ha meHOj npHTOipi iby- 6jbami\a. 121 jjhkh naa, Te cy HenoaecHe 3 a ruioBnaOy. Hdhxobh ce H3BopH Ha- aa3e Heaa;ieKO JaApaHCKHx oCaaa; Haj6an>Ke Mopy «3BHpe Kyna, Htijn je H3Bop yAaa>eH 30 km oa KBaHepcxor 3ajiHBa, Koa Kyawha Heaa/ieKo CMeAepeBa yrane y /JynaB Mopcwu, HajBefea, hhcto cpncxa pexa, Ayraana npexo 500 km. OHa nocTaje oa daaapue h Jy>me Mopaee Koje ce cacTajy koa CTaaaha. JywHa MopaBa H3BHpe y CxoncKoj U(pHoj Topa koa ceaa EnHaaa (BHHaaKa MopaBa) a 3anaaHa hciioa roanje (TojiHCKa MopaBa). HajBehe npnTOKe Jy>KHe MopaBe cy Humana h Tonjmi{a, a 3a- naAHe MopaBe M6ap ca Chthhljom, raaBHOM peKOM KocoBa. HeTBpTa BeaHKa npHTOKa flyHaBa y Hamoj 3eMa>a je Tnca, Koja Teae HauiOM TepmopHjoM HeKHX 200 km. IlpHMa boay H8 HCToaHe noaoBHHe BeanKe naHOHCKe KOTaHHe. naoBHa je oa Coa- HOKa. H>eHa jeAHHa npuTOKa y Hamoj OTapOHHH je Beza, Koja H3Bnpe y PyMyHCKOM BaHaTy. OcTaae npHTOKe /jyHaBa y Hamoj apwaBH cy Kpatier TOKa: Tomhiu y BaHaTy Koja AO-^asH H3 EaHaTCKHX nnamm, 33TKM MjiaBa, ffeic m Tumor y c.-h. Cp6njn. HajBa>KHHjH npeAeo y Hamoj OrapOmm y xHAporpaijiCK'OM nor/teay je OHaj H3Meijy OcjeKa h CMeaepeBa. y meMy ce CKy- rta>ajy CBe soae Koje npHTHay H3 naHOHCKor 6acem h KpajeBa Ha a»eroBoj hbhu,h. Ty jiokh XHAporpatjiCKH peniap CBera o6an>KBber 3eMa>HUiTa. Kaxo CBa Ta orpoMHa Boaa Mopa aa oraae TecHHM BeppaaoM, to cy BejiHKe nonaaBe Bpao aecTe Hapoamo y HauieM aeay naHOHCKe HH3HHe. y umty 3auiTHTe 3eMjbHmTa oa tux no- naaBa HaaHtbemi cy y EaaKoj h BaHaTy orpoMHH xHApoTexHHHXH aocTpojH, BeaHKH Hacunii h nyMne. XHAporpatjiCKO cpeaHuiTe OcjeK—CMeaepeBO HMa BeaHKH SHanaj h y BOAeHO-caoOpahajHOM noraeay. PbuMe npoaa3H /JyHae kojh je naoBaH oa yaMa a° ymfca, a y meMy ce 3aBpmaBajy aaj- sefee npHTOKe Hynana. Koje npeacTaBJbajy 3HanajHe BoaeHe nyTeBe: ^paBa Koja je naoBHa oa Bapna, CaBa oa CncKa, Tnca oa Coa- HOKa (MopKiu oa Apaaa). nojeAHHOcra o obhm boachhaa nyTeBHMa n3HelieMo y 3aceC>HOM oaejBKy. y pexaMa je — Kao lhto je to Beii HanoMeHyTO - Ha pa- cnoaoweHby HeHcppn^HBa CHara Koja ce mojkc hckophcthth 3 a pasHe HHaycTpHCKe h caoOpahajHe cBpxe. ripeMa npHBpeMeHOM nonHcy BoaeHHx CHara y Kpaa>eBHHH Cp6a, XpBaTa h CaoseHaqa 3 ) 3 ) IlpHBpeMeHH nonnc boackhx CHara KpajteBHHe Cp6a, XpBaTa., h C aoBeHaaa, HBBpmeH o« TeHepanHe flupeKipije Boaa y MnHHCTapcTBy nckhx CHara dpyTO Koja ctojh Ha pacnojioiKeiby He Mouce ce y npaKCH CBa hckophcthth ycjieA ry^HTaKa y kojihhhbh BOAe HcriapaBafteM, HaBOAH>aBaH>eM h y napy, howto ce BopeHe peHTpane He Mory ycTpojHTH y3acTomo jepHa H3a APyre 6e3 rySHTKa y naAy. HaBeAeHa BopeHa CHara 3,5 mhji. kowckhx CHara oAro- Bapa eHeprujH KaMenor yrjta oa 19,7 mhji. TOHa roAHWitHX oa 7000 KajiopHja. 4 ) KpajteBHHa Cp6a, XpBaTa h CjioBeHaua ca boachom CHaroM oa 3,5 mhji. kowckhx CHara 3ay3HMa y EBponn bpjkho Mecro Meijy aeMJbaMa HajBHiue ofiAapeHHM boachhm CHaraMaj ipaHpycKa MTajinja HLInaftOJiCKa KpajbeBHHa C.X.C. fllBajuapcKa HeMaana 6,75 mha. HP, „ 5,86 mhji. HP, „ 5,5 .mhji. HP, „ 5, MHJI. HP, „ 3,5, mhji, HP, „ 3,4 mhji. HP, „ 1,425 mhji. HP, „ 0,9 mhji. HP. 1,6 mhji. HP, 0,8 mhji. HP. 8,4 mhji. HP. 0,16 mhji. HP. 0,5 mhji. HP. 0,5 mhji. HP. 2. Je3epa. Je3epa Hauie OTapfimie cy BehiiHOM Mauwx pa3Mepa. HajBefca ey MaKeAOHCKa je3epa oa Kojnx npunaAajy IlpecnaHCKo, OxpHACKo n /jojpaHCKO AeJiHMHHHO Haui jj APwaBH. FlpecnancKO jesepo je Haj- BHuie oa cbhx MaKeAOHCKHx je3epa (860 m); noBpiiiHHa My h3HOCh 288 km i) 2 h h aj aeh a ;iy6nna 54 m. OxpnpcKO jesepo jie>KH 690 m aaA MopeM, aaxBaTa 270 km 2 , a Ay^HHa My je 286 m. JjojpaHcm jesepo je 148 m HaA MopeM, bcjihko 42,6 km 2 , a HajBefea My je Ay6nHa 42,6 m. y noApyujy Mctohhhx Ajina HMa HeKOJiHKo MaHbHx je 3 epa K*ao iuto cy Bmpcko, Eoxhwcko je 3 epo, ceAMopo TpmnaBcmx i) TeorpaiJiHja KpaibeBBHe Cp6a, XpBaTa h CjiOBeHapa oa hjibm Jlynaca, 3arpe6 1922. 123 jeaepa, Koja cy CBa nocTajia y jieAeHo Aofia nejCTBOM r.^eMepa. Cjihhho ]e h TlJiaBCKO je3epo (5,5 km 3 , AytfoKO 9,5 m , bhcoko 1007 m ) nao h Apyra Mafta y UpHoropcKHM BpAHMa, y FlpoKJieTnjaMa, Ha LLIapn, JaKynapn, IlepHCTepy h t. a. y AHHapCKOj oSiiaCTH HM3 MHOrHX CT3JIHHX H nepHOAHHHHX jesepa. y CTajma cnaAajy nmmBmm je3epa Ha hctohho] hbhhh B acoKe XpBaTCKe, n3Meijy Maae Kanejie h njbeweBHpe. IlepHo- AHHHa cy je3epa KpacHa nojta Koja ce nepuoAHHHO HanyHe boaom. OsaKBa cy: U,upKHmuKO je3epo, Koje je npocenHO Masbe or neispr roAHHe cyBO, Ulsni^a kqa Oxonna, Mocmapc-Ko 6nauio, Jlmatbcxo uojbe, rionoBO nojte, h AP- 3. Mope. JaApaHCKo Mope je CTBapHO caMo Ay6oK 3a,™B CpeA03e»Hor Mopa, KojH je Ha jyry, y OTpaHTCKOM KaHajiy, cywe.H Ha 90—130 km. /(yOHHa My je ceBepHO oa JiHHHje nejiarpy>K—Koiop Ma>ba oa 200 m, Jy>KHo oa OBe jiHHuje je Ay6nHa Beha h flocewe 3anaAHo oa MeABaHCKOr 3aanBa MaKCHMyM oa 1550 m. Okojihocth Koje ojiaKiuaBajy h OTejKaBajy oAfipaHy Hauinx MopcKHx ofiajia H3Heie cy Beft y OAejbKy o /(HHapcKoj odjiaere. KJ1HMA. IlpH/iHKOM npoynaBama nojeRHHHx odaacTH R3Ta je h rpyda c.iHKa KflHMe rothhhhx KpajeBa. Hy Ra dn ce Morjie doa>e yoHHTH pa3JinKe y kjihmh nojeRHHHx ReaoBa Hame OiapdHHe, noTpedHo je Ra H 3 HeceMO h jeRaH nperaeR KAHMaTCKHX npmiHKa y peaoj KpajfaeBHHH. Hama QraydHHa ae>KH H3Meijy 47°h41° ynopeRHHKa, Raxae HenaKo y cpcrhhh ceBepno-yMepeHor nojaca. Tojencrra reorpat})- cxa luapnaa, Kojy HMa Miaanja or npnaHKe ro Hanyjba h EpHH- R«3H-a, nan na np. jy>KHa paHuycKa xoje HMajy ode THnHHHy jy>KHy KjiHMy. KpajbeBHHa H3dHja Ha 3anaRy Ha JaapaHCKO Mope h npndaHJKyje ce Ha jyry 3HaTH0 ErejcKOM Mopy, a nnan je KAHMa y HajBeheM Reay KOHTHHemaaHa. Hhcto coaapHa KAHMa Koja je nocaeRHpa yRaa>eHOCTH or noayTapa, H 3 MeH>eHa je, y Hamoj OraydHHH, h to — Kao luto fceMO BHReTH — MHOTHM OKOAHOCTHMa. FIpBO, EaAKaHCKO IlOAyOCTpBO, or KOjer BeaHKH rso 3 axBaTa nauia 3 eMa>a, Ha ceBepy je Bpao uinpoKO h MacuBHo, Te HMa BHine ocodHHe Korma, Ma Ra je ca TpH cipaHe onKOJbeHO MopeM. ,£{pyro, naiua OiapdHHa je or Ja- RpancKor Mopa 3 arpaijeHa flyrawHM 3Hrom bhcokhx Mamma; oeaKBe ce noRHHaMa aa HCToj reorpa(j)CKoj uihphhh. Obc pa3H0BpcHe okoahocth onpeRejbyjy KAHMy Hauie Oiap- dime h HHHe, Ra necxo h cyceRHH KpajeBH HMajy Bpao pa 3 HOAHKe 125 KjiHMe. HajBehe pa3AMKe nocToje M3Aiei?y npaBe cpeAtteeBponcKe h cpe/ioseMHe hah Me^HTepaHCKe KJiHMe. MeflHmepciHCKa kmmo. BJia/pt y npuMopy Ha JaapaHCKOM h H a ErejcKOM Mopy. OHa je ay>K odaaa JaApancKor Mopa orpa- HHneHa Ha y3aH nojac iKe, ieHa, rnupH obom aojihhom ao Beaeca. HajBa>KHHje OAAHKe MeAHTepaaciKe; npeBjra^yiy 3HM3e- aeHe 6nAiKe ca MecHaTHM AimibeM h hhcko Apuebe ca uinpoKO pacnpodpTOM KpyHOM; Aieijy apbhmh je HajBa>KHHje Mac.iHHa.- FIpaBHX myMa totobo h HeMa; OHa je 3aAieH>eHa MamjoM, hhckhm A pBebeAi h noayy6yH>eM (aaBop, MHpTa, oaeaHAap h t. a-)- ^ T °j kahaih ycneBajy: HapaHae, AHAiyHH, cmokbc, SaaeMH, ;e BpcTe BHHOBe A03e. Cbh 0CT3AH npeAeAH Hame OiaySHHe HAiajy K/iHMy cpepwe EBpone. OBa KAHMa Koja BAaAa CKopo y yeaoAi CAHBy /IjHaBa npeACTaBAa Hexy BpcTy npeaa3a oa 6aare npHAiopcKe KAHAie 3a- naAHe EBpone ouiTpoj kmmmh hctohhc EBpone. bbeHe cy oco6me : yAiepeno xaaAHe 3HAie h yAiepeHO Tonaa aeia. Pa3AHKa y reAine- paTypH 3HMe h aeia pacie Haybw HCTOKy. CaeaebM nperaea 1 ) noiKeH>y y MecTMMa cpeABbe- eBponciKHy caHKy. npHpaLUTaj CTaHOBHHLHTBa (6poj poljeHHX MnHyc 6poj yMp.'lHx) H3HOCHO je y roflHHaMa npe paia (19G0.-1910,) npocenHO roAHmme: H 3 6 pojeBa kojh ce oflHOce Ha 3 eMJhe, Koje AaHac ca i m- maBajy Haury OxapSuHy moivio 6 u ce 3 aKJbyHHTH, fla 6 poj cia- HOBHHKa name 3 eMJbe cBaKe roflHHe pacie 3 a hckhx 150.000. IlpeMa TOMe 6 m Hama OTapdima KpajeM 1922. roAHHe Moraa hmsth oko 12,300 000 CTaHOBHHKa. rycToha HacejbeHOCTH 33 bhch noniaBHTo oa reorpacjiCKirx npsrjiHKa, oa naoAHOCTH 3eMJbe, oa ancoayTHe HaAMopcKe BHcmie, oa Tora Aa jih npeBaaljyjy bcjiho hjih Mama HMama h t. a. Vis nperaeAa y noneTKy OBOr OAejbKa bhah ce, Aa cy Hay rymfce HacemeHe Banra h Eapama y KojuMa AOJia3H 80 JbyA» Ha 1 km 2 . 3aTHM A0Jia3H CAOseHHja ca 65,2; na XpBaTCKa h OiaBO- Hiija ca 60,9; EaHaT ca 59,6; cesepHa Cp6wja ca 53,2; /(a/iMauaja ca 45,2; BocHa h XepperoBHHa ca 36,7; jywaa Cp6nja ca 34,1 h Haj3aA, Kao HajcjiaSnje HacemeHa, U,pHa Fopa ca 19,9. Pa3;iHKe cy, Kao mTO ce bhah, Bpao BejiHKe. Aah obh 6po- jeBH jom iie Aajy rroTnyno jacHy CAHKy, jep cy ochob 3 hh ha no- jihthhkhm rpaHapaMa a He Ha Me^aMa Koje oABajajy riaj ryiufce Ha- cejbeHe Kpajese oa cjiaSaje h HajcaaSHje Hacejhe.mx. FIpaBy camcy o rycToliH AoOnfeeMo TeK, aKO yTBpAHMo 6poj CTaHOBHHKa y no- jeAHHHM, HajMaitHM npnpoAHHM (reorpacficKHM) ueAHHaMa. Hajrymhe HacemeHM npepeAH y CnoBeunjn cy Ae.'iOBH Jby.6- jbaHCKe KOTAHHe, L^emcKa kotjihh 3, KpmKO-dpe>K;r i iKa paBimpa, 9 130 ofcojiHHa Porapa, Mapndopa, riTyja, JbyroMepa icao a paeno> Hpe- KOMypje, r^e je rycroha CByAa tseha oa 100 .by^K Ha km 2 , yonnurre _y3eB CaoBeHHja je, y tojihko ryrnhe Hacea>eHa y kojihko je npo- jia3Hnja. Hajpetje cy HaceibeHe bhcokc aanajcKe oaaHHHe a KpacH h ' npeAeaa. y mhothm npeAejiHMa Hauinx Anna h y Kpacy HeMa hh 1 HOBeKH Ha km 2 . y XpeamcKoj h CmBOHnjn je Hajryuihe uaceiheHa Bapaw- AHHCKa wynaHHja y Kojoj >KHBe 120 CTaHOBHHKa Ha km 2 h rA.e no- jeAHHH KOTapw HMajy rydoliy Behy oa 140 Ayma* TycTO je na- cejbeno h Metjywypje (130). y aarpedauKoj jKynaHHjH (rycroha 72) HMajy ceBepHO 3anaAHH Korapn jom BHiue oa 100 u>yAH Ha km 2 . Hajcjiadnje HaceibeHH npeAean XpBaTCKe cy ohh Kojn npHnaAajy ,/j,HHapcKoj oduacTH (BncoKa XpBaTCKa); OBAe h3hoch rycToha 47 (y MOAPyuiKO-peaKoj >KynaHHjH), 33 (y iiHHKO-KpdaBCKoj >KynaBHj,H) a 20-30 y nojeAHHHM KOTapHMa JlHKe. y JlanMapnjn je Hajpelje HacejheHa 3aropa (24-39) a naj- rymhe Kpaj oko BoKe KoTopcKe h oko CnaHTa (65). Cjihhho je y Bochh h XepifezoBHHK Hajpelje Hacea>eHO npo- CTpaHO nOApyaje bhcokhx KpeHtbaHKHX noBpuiHHa na j.-3. h j.-H., rAe je rycToha totobo CByAa ncnoA 30, BehHHOM ncnoA 25 a y HeKHM npeAeaHMa h HcnoA 20 (HeBecna>e, KaaAaH>, TaaMOH). y cpeAftoj Bochh ce Anace rycToha Ha 40, y CeMdepajH h Floca- bhhh Ha 50 h Aoce>Ke H3Meljy AOH>e /(pHHe h AOtte BocHe 60-70 Ha KM 2 . y Bpao naoAHoj hh3hhh Ha c.-h. Hauie OTap6HHe je ryc¬ Toha cpa3MepHO HHCKa. CpeMcxa >KynaHHja HMa caMO 60 JbyAH aa km 2 , BaHaT 60 h Banna 80. VI y Cponjn nocToje y norueAy rycrohe 3H3THe pa3JiHKe. Hajryuihe cy HacejbeHH: AOH>a MopaBa (CMeAepeBCKH oKpyr 100 na km 2 ), KparyjeBaaKH OKpyr (72,2), ManBa, KpymeBanKa kot- jiHHa, HHLUKa kotjihh3, KOje HMajy oko 100 JbyAH Ha km 2 . Maao pelja je HaceJbeHOCT y riocaBHHH h rioAyHaBa>y. OcTaiiH KpajeBH ceBepHO oa 3anaAHe MopaBe HMajy totobo cbh 40-60 jbyAH Ha km 2 . Hajpelje cy Haceibean OKpy3H Tohjihhkh, y>KHHKH, KpajHH- ckh (34-38) HHjH ropoBHTH KpajeBH HMajy h MHoro Mafte: npeAeo, H3Me^y AOite MopaBe h THMOKa 20-30, y KonaoHHKy caMO 23, y LUHpOKOM nojacy Ha ode cipaHe Hdpa h y OrapoMe Baaxy (SaaTHdop) 18. y jy>KHoj Cponjn cy Hajryuihe HaceibeHH oxpy3H FIpH3peH- ckh (75,5), Oxphackh (64,1), CnoncKH (44,4), MeTOXHjCKH (43,1), 131 'Kocobckh (40,5), KyMaHOBCKH (39,6) a Hajpetje BperaaHHHKH (21,1) THKBeuiKH (21,5), BjejionoJbCKH (23,2), npnjenoa>CKn (24). Hajpefje je Kacea,eHa U,pna Fopa, y Kojoj HMa caMO 20 a>y m Ha km 2 . TycTofea je y H>eHHM hh>kmm jy>KHHM h jy>KHo 3anaAHKM npepeaHMa Beha oa npoceaHe a Ha cesepy h Ha HCTOKy, y BpAHMa, 3 HaTHO HHHCa. 2. IIoAejia eTaHOBHHiiiTBa no HapOAHOCTH. KpajbeBHHa Cpda, XpBaxa h CaoBeHapa je HapnoHaaHa ap- >KaBa, to je noaHraiKa TBopeHHHa caMO jeAHora HapoAa, cpncKO- xpBaTCKO-caoBeHCKor. Cpda, XpBaTH h CaoBeHpw HHcy AOAyme jeAHHH CTaHOBHHpH AP>KaBe, aaw ohh HHHe orpoMHy BeijHHy, t. j. 82 , 5% peaoKynHor cTaHOBHuuiTBa. Oa ocTaanx 17,5% cnaAajy Ha Apyre caaBeHCKe HapoAHOcra (HexocaoBaxe, Pyce, Maaopyce h I loa>aKe) 1,9%, a na HecaaBeHCKe HapoAHOCTH 15,6%. BpojHa noAeaa CTaHOBHHuiTa no HapoAHOCTH, Kano je yTBp- JjeHa npnaHKOM nonnca 31. jaHyapa 1921. roA- bhah ee H3 obot nperaeAa, KojH je npeHer H3 reorpatjuije Kpaa>eBHHe Cpda, Xp- saTa h CaoBeHapa oa yje*ce Kao KftHJKeBHH je3HK CpnCKH H xpB3TCKH. ToBopH ce y peaoj Cp- 9 * 132 dnjn, UpHoj Topw, Eochh h XepqeroBHHH, y BeheM Aeay /Ja.TMa- qwje. jy>KHO-HCTOHHOj XpBaTCKOj, CjiaBOHHJH H y BojBOAHHH. HdKdBCKO Hapenje je HajiwaH>e pamHpeHO, roBopn ce y ce- BepHoj /lajiMaqiijn, y xpb3tckom npuMopjy, Ha KBapHepcKHM ocrp- BHMa h y BeheM qe^y McTpe. KajuaBcm ce roBopw y CjiOBeHHjn, rqe ce obo Hapenje pa- 3bhjio y 3ace6aH KhbHweBHH je3HK, 33 thm y ceBepo-3anaAHoj Xp- BaTCKoj H3Me^y Mype h Kyne. Ekobcku roBope y Cpdnjn y cjiHBy MopaBe h Bapsapa,. 33thm y IlocaBHHH h MaHBH, Kao h y BaHaTy, CpeMy h Ba i iKoj> EKaBUH cy aa^>e h CAOBeHqn. MjeKdBun cy CTaHOBHHqn 3ana«He Cpdnje, PyqHHnaHH h Y>kh- naHH, U,pHoropun, CTaHOBHHqH HoBor ria3apa h BeliHHe BocHe h X epqeroBHHe, y XpBa-rcKoj h CaoBeHHjn CTaHOBHHqn y noflpynjy HeKaAaLUH>e KpajHHe h Haj3aA CTaHOBHHqn jy>KHe /JajiMaqnje. MKdBUH, dpojHO HajcjiadnjH, cy CTaHOBHHm-i 3anaAHe Xp- BaicKe, HapoHmo JlHKe, ceBepo3anaAHe BocHe h ceBepHe h cpeAHje AajiMaqnje ao HepeTBe. Meijy JyrocaoBeHHMa HMa y Hauioj OTaqdnHH HeKOJiniKHHje.. HhHH, CT3HOBHHUH CeBepO-HCTOHHe MCTpe, BpjIO CHpOMaiBHH. oA^HKyjy ce cboj'hm CTapiiM odHHajHMa h CBojoM holuh>om. BytteBijH HHHe 3acedHy cpncKO-xpBaTCKy rpyny y BaHKoj. To cy noTOMUH HajcTapHjnx jyrocnaBeHCKHx CTaHOBHHKa h ao- cejbeHHKa H3 BocHe h XepqeroBHHe. Ohh cy KaTOAHHKe Bepe h nHiuy jiaTHHHqoM. CaMH cede He dpoje hh y Cpde hh y XpBaie. CeAe y ceBepHoj n ceBepo3anaAHoj BaHKoj oko Baje, CoMdopa h Cydoraqe Koja je itHXOBa HajBefca Bapoiu. UloKifH ce He pa3JiHKyjy MHoro oa ByiteBaqa. CiaHyjy y 3anaAHoj EanKoj, y EapaH>n, Hapowro Ha /JyHaBy H y CjiaBOHHjH* 3acedHy rpyny hhhc KpdiuoBdHH y hctohhom, 'qaHac py- MyHCKOM BaHaTy, y KpamoBCKOM OKpyry. To cy AoceJbeHHqn H3 HCTOHHe Cpdnje. Flo je3HKy ce pa3AHKyjy oa daHaTCKHX Cpda a no Bepn cy KaTOAHqn. Ha jyroncTOKy WHBe H3Me|y hhcto cpncxor n hhcto dy- rapcKor noApynja Ulonn aim Topndi\n. Ohh hhhc 3acedHy eTno- rpat}]CKy rpyny Koja ce pa3AHKyje no Hapenjy, no holuh>h, no' 133 oOnnajaMa h no (})H3HorHOMHjn oa npaBor cpncKor Kao h oa npaBor 6yrapcKor CTaHOBHHiUTBa, HHHetai npeaa3Hy 30Hy H3Meijy 06a. OBa ce npocrape oa /jyHaBa ao OBner nojba h CTpyMHHKe kot- jiHHe h oHBnneHa je Ha 3anaAy ompnaHKe jiHHiijoM Bhahh, Beaa naaaHKa, MopaBCKa AOJiHHa koa Bpaite a Ha HCTOKy aHHHjoM Koja cnaja aoh>h HcKap ca H3BopHuiTeM Mapnpe. UlonH ce OAan- Kyjy CBOjOM HOLUIbOM H npHMHTHBHOCTH CBOjHX WHBOTHHX nO- a:pe6a. Hene H>HXOBe OAaHKe: uito 3Hajy 3a cjiaBy, uito HMajy 3a- Apyre h Haj3aA h>hxob je3HK Kojn jihhh npe Ha cpncKH ho Ha •OyrapcKH, AOKasyjy Aa cy LIionn 6 jih>kh Cp6«Ma ho EyrapHMa. MaxeflOHCKe CnoBene yOpajajy HeKe caaBHde y Cp6e a Hexe y Byrape. Hy, HajBefiH Aeo CTaHOBHHKa je 6e3 HapoAHe CBecTH. Taiwo rAe cy Byrapn 3a Typcxe BjiaAaBHHe ycnean Aa pa3BHjy HHTeH3HBHy nponaraHAy, npnuiaH cy CTaHOBiinpH ByrapHMa; t. j. norJiaBHTO no BapouiHMa (Beaec, LUrHn). Ajih npw TOMe je CBa- Kaxo Hrpaaa BawHy yaory noaHTHHKo onpeAea>eH>e, Bnnie ho Ha- poAHa CBecT. CeocKO ct 3 hobhhuitbo je HeyTpaaHO. CBe ce obo OAHOCH y TJiaBHOMe CaMO Ha CaOBeHCKO CTaHOBHHUITBO j.-H. oa aHHnje KpHBa naaaHKa — Beaec — npnaen — KpymeBO — OxpHA. Ct 3 hobhhhh KpajeBa c.-3. oa OBe aHHHje cy onpeAea>eHH Cp6n. Oa ocmaAHX napomocnm HMa y Hauioj OTapfiHHH SpojHO HajBHine HeMapa, ApHayTa, Ma^apa, PyMyHa h HexocaoeiKa. HeMi{n HMajy BeaHKa Haceata y BojBOAHHH h y CaaBOHjn ca CpeMOM. OBaMO cy AouiaH y XVIII Beicy Kao papcxe KoaoHHCTe H3 jy>KH03anaAHe HeManxe, noraaBHTO H3 UJBancKe. Y Caaso- HHjn h CpeMy HMajy HajBHine HeMana OKoauHe PyMe, Ciape na- 30Be, ByKOBapa, TiaKOBa, Ocjexa h BnHKOBapa. Y EanKoj ceAe HeMpn y 3anaAHOM Aeay oko naaaHKe, Kyae, OpaKa h y Com- 6opy. Y BaHaTy je HajBHine HeMapa hctohho oa Bea. BenxepeKa h c.-h. oa Bea. KHKHHAe. nopeA Tora HMajy HeMpn BeaHKe Ma- HbKHe h y Bpinpy, Beaoj LjpKBH, EenKepeKy, Hobom CaAy, naH- neBy, 3eMyny, Ocjexy h AP- Y CaoBeHHjn je 6poj HeMapa y CTaaHOAi onaAaiby. Y BeiieM 6pojy ceAe caMO oko KoneBja; a an h OBAe hx HMa CBe Maite (1857, roA. oko 23 . 000 , 1910 . toa- oko 17 . 000 ). B(ea>e, TlTyj h M apnQop Kojn cy HeKaAa 6um npaBa HeManKa ocTpBa, HMajy Aanac caMO He3HaiHe HeManKe MaHbHHe (no nocaeAH>eM nonncy HMa I4ea>e 10 . 9 %, niyj 21 , 9 % h MapnSop 21 , 2 % HeMapa). Metjy HecaoBeHCKOM CTaHOBHHiiiTBy cy BawaH eaeMeHaT AManifH, Apnaymn nan Apdanacu, Kojn HHHe MaitHHe Ha TepHTopiijn c.-3. 134 o« jiHHHje OxpHfl — J\&6 ap — Khhcbo — JaxynHpa — KyMa- hobo — PncTOBaiu. CBe ao HeKaAauiite cpncKo-TypcKe rpamipe h njiaHHHe Poro3He. Maftapn CTaHyjy Kao MarnwHe no hckhm cejwMa cpeAH>e n ceBepHe Banne, ceBepHor BaHaTa h Eapame. y BapomHMa Boj- BOAHHe HMa npnjiHHaH dpoj MaijapcKHX AoceJbeHHKa; Hy h>hxob 6poj je y onaAaHby. y CaaBOHnjn je Maijapa HajBnuie oko Bnpo- BHTHpe. Hhcto MaljapcKHx Hacejba HMaMO caMo Ha rpaHHijH y IlpeKOMypjy. HexocnoBai^n aoccahjih cy ce KpajeM XIX BeKa y cpeAmy h jy*Hy BanKy, y CaaBOHHjy n y CpeM. Hdhxob 6poj H3H0CH oko* 125 . 000 . PyMyHe hm3mo y i-opobhtom Kpajy c.-n. CpOnje h y jywHOM Aeay Banaxa. ApoMynn hjih Kyifosnacn (LjimpapH) cy HapoA Kojn n3yMHpe. IBhx je 6 hjio y cpeAmeM BeKy Bpao MHoro. noaeiKOM XIX BeKa h3hocho je HjHxob 6poj 400 ao 500 XHJtaAa, aok hx AaHac HMa. cBera (Ha peaoM EaaKaHCKOM FIojiyocTpBy) 150 ao 160 xHJbaAa.. JeAaH Aeo ApoMyHa ce 6aBH CTOnapcTBOM; to cy npaBH homhah, Kojn y jeceH ca CBojnx njiaHHHCKHx nammaKa CHJia3e y HH3HHe ErejcKor h Johckqt Mopa Aa TaMo npe3HMe. OcTajm ApoMyHH ceAe pacxypeHH no BapomHMa h naaaHKaMa h 6aBe ce tptobhhom, 3anaT0M h t. ca., am hhkha 3eMJbopaAmoM. Hma.jmja.Ha HMa caMo y BapomHMa jaApaHCKor npHMopja, h TO CaMO y He3HaTHHM MaHjHHBMa. Typun HHHe y cbhm3 BapomHMa jy>Kno oa Poro3He 3HaTHe MaHjHHe, y HeKHMa Aocewy nan h ao noaoBHHe. Aan Kaxo je npn- pamTaj cpncnora CTaHOBHHmTBa y thm MecxHMa mhoto Belm oa. npHpamTaja Typcxora, onamhe oBe MamHHe y Bpao KpaTKOMe BpeMeny. rpm HMa y Hauioj OTayCmaH, y MaaoM 6poiy, caMo y BHToa>y. JeBpeja HMa y Harnoj 3eMJLH oko 64 . 000 , t. j. 0 , 54 %- HajBHine hx HMa y BojBOAHHH ( 1 , 6 %) H npeKOMypjy, a HajMame y IlpHMopjy. Ljmana HMa pacTypeHHX no uenoj ApwaBH. HajSpojHHjH cy no BapomHMa jyame Cpdnje, rAe HHHe 3acedHe Maxaae. OAejBaK o cTaHOBHHiHTBy name OTapdHHe He 6 h 6ho norayH aKo He 6 h cnoMeHyjm name cynapopmue Kojn »a, flpyry, cxaHOBHHUH BefcHX h MattHx ocipBa ycpej; Apyrnx HapoAa h xpefcy npHBpeMeHH k CT 3J1HH HCejbeHHi;H. Heocjio6o^eunx CjioBenaifa n Cpooxpmma HMa HajBHiue noA maamjatiCkOM BaaAOM. TaMO HMa 1 ) no nomicy 1910. toa. y Ho- xpatbCKoj oko 56000, y PopHinKoj 154.537, y Tpcry 56.908 Cao- BeHaua h 2396 CpdoxpBaxa, BeaepHjaHCKHx CaoaeHana oko 35.000, y Tp6nnyAH. YxynHo ce Haaa3H Aaxae y OKBHpy HTaaHjaHCKe AP>KaBe HajMaite 361.000 CaoseHa4a h 154.000 CpSoxpBaxa, t. j. CBera hckhx 515.000 Hainnx cyHapoAHHKa. y Aycmpnja\e ocxaao CBera 102.000 CaoBeHana H3 KopyiuKe, He panyHajyliH Ty Mas>e rpyne y PaAroHH, Ha urrajepcKoj rpaHHH,H h AOcea>eHHKe y Tpany h APyrnM MecTHMa. KoaHKO je MaxeAOHCKHX CaoBeHa 1913. toa. ocxaao noA I'pHKOM HHje no3Haxo. Hdhxob dpoj CBaKaxo Aa HHje MaaH noinxo cy CoayHCKa HH3HHa h MeraeH, rAe >KHBe toxobo HCKa>yHHBo CaoBeHH, rycxo Hacea>eHH. PacxypeHa cpncxa ocmpm H3 paHHjnx Ao6a Haaa3e ce y yHyxpaujftoj AaoaHHjn, y 3anaAHoj BaaniKoj koa TypH-CeBepHHa h 3anaAHO oa KpajoBa, 3axHM y hcxohhom BaHaxy, Ha /JyHaBy y Kancypn h Hapowro y OKoaHHH TeMHuiBapa. y Maijapcxoj cy ocxaaa: cpncxa ocxpBa Ha /JyHaBy mciioa h H3HaA ByAHMnemxe, 3axHM cpncKO-xpBaxctfa koa Baje h H3Me^y Moxana, CnKaoma h rienyja. Befcn (5poj xpBaxcKnx ocxpBa Haaa3H ce y npocTopy H3- Meijy IlpeKOMypja h BpaxwcaaBe, HeKaAauiBboj 3anaAHOj YrapcKoj, Koja je npnnaaa Aycxpnjn. Mcea>eHHKa 113 Hauanx 3eMaa>a HMa HajBHiue y AMepnpH. Ohh cy BehHHOM XpBaxn H3 3anaAHe XpBaTCKe, Mcxpe, /JaaMapaje, EocHe h XepueroBHHe, 3axHM Cp6n H3 XpBaxcxe h CaaBOHHje, /JaaMa- pnje h BocHe h HajuanaiM AeaoM CaoBeHUH. >KHBe pacTypeHH CKopo no CBHMa AP>KaBaMa ceBepHe h jy>KHe AMepHKe. Hdhxob 6poj HHje no3Hax h pemi ce He BHine oa noaa MHanoHa. 1) Anton Melik, Jugoslavia. Zemljepisni pregled. 136 3. IloAejia CTaHOBHHUiTBa no BeponcnoBecTn. CTaHOBHHLUTBO Harne OiayCmHe je no^ejteHO no BepoHcno- BecTH Birnie nero no HapoAHoexn. flojeAHHOCTH ce Mory BHAeTH H3 obot nperae^a. BetiHHa CjroBeHapa n XpBaxa cy KaTOJitme Bepe, a BehHHa Cp(5a npaBocjiaBHe. Koa XpBaxa je KaToanuiTBO o(5hhho hctobctho ca xpBaTCTBOM, aok je koa Cp6a npaBocaaBJbe hcxobctho ca CpilCTBOM, 1UTO HHje CaCBHM T3HH0, nOUITO HMaMO TaKOpe Ka 1 - xohhhkhx CpOoxpBaxa Kojn ce (5poje y Cp6e, Ha np. y jy>KHoj /jaaMapiijn; KaxojMiKH Byi-beepa h LLIoku;h He CMaxpajy ce6e hh C poHMa, hh XpBaTHMa. Haj3aA HMa y Bochh h XepneroBHHHcpQo- xpBaicKHx MycjiHMaHa, Kojn ce6e He panyHajy xaKoije hh y Cp6e hh y XpBaTe; aim om nnuiy jiaTHHHpoM. Cjihhho nocToje a y jyacHoj CpOnjn MyoiHMaHH Hamer je3HKa; ho ohh ce sdor sepcice pasaHKe ocehajy 6 ;ih>khm TypcKHM h apHay tckhm MycjniMaHHMa. KaTOjiHpHMa npimaAa h Be.iHKa BeiiHHa Ma^apa h HeAiapa, uito snaTHo yBefeaBa h>hxob 6poj. npasocaaBHe cy Bepe nopeA Cp6a jom h ApoMymi, PyMynn, LI,HraHH h Tpun. 4. OpocBeTHO CTan>e CTanoBHnuiTBa. Kaxo y MHorHM APyrHM norjieA M Ma noihxob oahoc npeMa dpojy CTaHOBHHKa 137 M BejiHHviHH noBpniHHe Kao h 6poj ynwre^a thx mrcojia 11 ibhxob oahoc npeMa 6pojy CTaHOBHumiBa BiiAe ce H3 obot npervieAa. Kao uito ce bhah, /jajiMapHja n CjiOBeHHja npeAH>aue ocTa- jihm noKpajHHaMa. Ajih dpoj HenucjvieHHX je y /],ajiMaiiHjH unaK npHJiHHaH, nouiTO je CTaHOBHHiiiTBO pacTypeHO Ha KonHy a mho- roSpojuHM ocTpBHMa, Te je noxaijaite uiKOJie CKonuaHO ca Be- jihkmm TeuiKohaMa. y CjiOBeHHjH noxa^a uiKOAy 96% odaBe3He Aepe. y XpBaTCKoj h CiiaBOHHjH je ochobho ujkojictbo Bek cjia- 6u\e pa3BHjeH0. Cjihhho h y Cp6njn, LjpHoj TopH h BojBOAHHH. Hajjiome je CTaibe y Bochh h XepqeroBHHH, rae je paHHje oa aydpoyrapcKe oxynaTopcKe bjibcth bpjio iwajio yuHibeHO 3a npo- CBehHBafte Hapoaa. 06aBe3a noxatjaita uiKOJie oa CTpaHe Aepe oa 7. ao 11. roAHHe CTapocTH CTynnjia je Ha CHary tck 1911. roAHHe. Ajih h nocne Tora noxaijaao je uiKOJiy caMO oko 18% o6aBe3He Aepe. Obakbhm npHJiHKaMa ycjioBJbeH je h Spoj HenncMeHnx y no- jeAHHHM noKpajHHaMa. Oh h3hoch y % oa Opoja CTaHOBHHKa He paHyHajyha Aepy ncnoA 6 foahha CTapocru: y CjioBeHHjH 12%, y XpBaTCKoj h CaaBOHHjH 47,7%, y /JaAMaipijH 64%, y ceBepHoj CpfinjH 80% n y Bochh h XepperoBHHH 88%. 3a BojeoAHHy, LjpHy Topy h jy>Kay CpSajy Heiwa noAaiatKHoj CpOnja nocTajajie cy caiwo uiKOJie nojeAHHHX nponaraHAH. CaAa iiiwaMO y 3eMJtH yayrmo 166 cpeAftiix uiKOJia (6e3 CTpyiHHx) h to: 138 y Cp6njH 63 „ XpBaTCKOj H Cjl3BOHHjH 37 „ BojBOAHHH 13 „ CjioBenHjH 14 „ Bochh h XepperoBHHH 18 „ 10 „ U,PHoj Topn 11 Ofl cmpyHHHX uiKOJia Tpeda HaBecTH: BHine nesarouiKe mKO^e y BeorpaAy h 3arpedy, ApwaBHy pyA&pcxy uiKoxy y LJejby, 21 MyiiiKy h 13 jkchckhx yHHTejbCKHX uiKoaa, 16 TproBaHKHX axaAeMHja, no.Mopcie mKoae, 2 Biirne odpTHe luxoae y 3arpedy h CnaHTy, 3 cpeA^e nojbonpHspeAHe uiKOjie h 11 hh>khx nojbo- npuBpeAHHx uiKOJia. Oa bhcokmx mKOJia nocrojajiH cy npe yjeAHH>eH>a caiwo ABa HenomyHa ynnBep3HTeTa y BeorpaAy h 3arpedy. '.CaAa nocToje: YHHBep3HTeT y BeorpaAy ca KaBOCAOBHHM, MeAHIJHHCKHM, MyApOCJlOBCKHM, h rocnoAapcinao3o4)CKH (})aKyjiTet y CiKy nopeA uiKoae join h OBe ycrnanose n ppyumcBa: JyrocaoBeHCKa aiKaBHa AHuejcKa Kft>n>KHnpa y JbydjbanH. Cpncxa U,eHTpajina dndjinoTeKa y CapajeBy. Kp. cpnciKejiHn My3ej y JbySjbanii. BocaHCKo-xepperoBaHKH 3eMajbCKH My3ej y CapajeBy. ApxeojiouiKH My3ej y CnjiHTy. Kao caBeTOflaBap MHHHCTpy npocseTe no nmafoHMa BHiiie w HH>Ke uiKOJie, uiKoncKor pa3BHTKa, HacTaBe n HaynHe KifcsoKefiHO- cth nocTojn [JpocBenmn Ccwem npn MHHHCTapcrBy npocBeie y Beorpafly AP>KABHO yPE^EhbE. 1. ycraB. YcTaB je Kpa;beBHHe Cpda, XpBaTa h CaoBeHapa H3raacaH 28. jyna 1921. ropHHe Ha Bhaob-a3h. I-beroBe HajraaBHHje oppepde raace: Oauirne oapepde: /Jp>KaBa Cpda, XpBaTa h CaoBeHapa je ycraBHa, napaa.weH- TapHa h HacjiepHa MOHapxnja. CjiywdeHH je h33hb pp>KaBe: KpaJbeBHHa Cpda, XpBaTa h CiroBeHapa (naaH 1.) ' /Jp>KaBHa je 3acTaBa naaBO-deaa-ppBeHa, y BopopaBHOM no- iio>kajy npeMa ycnpaBHOM iKdeHn je3HK KpajteBHHe je cpncKO-xpBaTCKO-caoBe- H3HKM. (HA. 3.) Ochobhu ZpaljQHCKCl npasa H nyiKHOCum. ^p>KaBJbaHCTBO je y HmraBoj Kpaa>eBHHH jepHO. Cbh cy rpa- IjaHH npep 3aKOHOAi jepHaiiH. Cbh y>KHBajy jepHaxy 3auiTHTy BJiacra. (aa. 4.) yjeMnaBa ce aHHHa caodopa. Hhko He MO>Ke 6hth y3eT Ha oproBop, hhth dHTH npHTBopeH (hji. 5.) HnKOMe He Mowie cypHTe HeHapaeaiaH cyp (an. 6.) Hhko He iwo>Ke dHTH ocy^en, pox He dype HapjiewHO cacay- uiaH (hji. 7.) HnjepaH rpaljaHHH He MO>Ke 6hth H3THaH H3 ppacaBe (aa. 10.) Ct3h je HeriOBpepaH (aa. 11.) yjeMnaBa ce caodopa Bepe h caBecTH (hji. 12.) UlTaMna je caodopHa. He Mowe ce ycTaHOBHTH HHKaKBa inpeBenTHBiia Mepa xoja cnpenaBa H3aa>KeH>e, npopajy h pacTypaae 141 ' cnnca h HOBHHa. L],eH3ypa ce MO>Ke ycTaHOBKTH caMO 3a Bpewe paTa h Mo6HJiH3apHje h to 3a CTBapn 3aKOHOM yHanpeA npeflBH- IjeHe (m/i. 13.). TpaljaHH HMajy npaBO yApywaBaita, 3dopan AoroBopa (mji. 14.) rpaijaHM HAiajy npaBo MOJide. (mji. 15.) HacTaBa je ApwaBHa, ocHOBHa je HaciaBa ApwaBHa, onmxa h odaBe3Ha. /(paoBHa ce HaciaBa Aaje de3 ynHCHHHe, uiKOJiapHHe h APyrax Taxca (mjI. 16.) HenoepeAHa je Tajna nHca.wa, TejierpatjicKHx h TeaotjioHCKHx caoniiiTeiba ochm y cjiyMajy KpiiBHMHe HCTpare, ModHJiH3apHje hjih paia (mji. 17.) Cb3kh rpa^aHHH HMa npaBO nenocpeAHO h de3 iiMHjer oao- dpeita Ty>KMTH cyAy ApwaBHe h caMoynpaBHe opraHe 3a kphbhmh3 Aeaa, Koja da obh ymmmi npeMa i-ueMy y cjiywdenoM paAy. 3a BojHHKe iioa 3acT3B0M Baace HapoMHTe OApeAde. (m.t. 18) Cou,njajiHe n eKOH.OMC.ne oapenoe. PaAHa cHara ctoj'h noA 3auiTHTOAi Apay cbhx caodpa- hajHHx cpeAdaBa rAe toa to oniuTH AP>KaBHH i-iHTepeca 3axTe- Bajy. (mji. 35.) CBojiiHa je 3ajaMMeHa. mji. (36.) y3HMaH>e KOMope h ocTajmx noTpeda 3a BojCKy bpluh ce caMO y3 npaBHMuy HaKHaAy. (mji. 40.) Jlp'AiaBne BJiacmn. 3aK0H0AaBHy BjiacT bpluh Kpa/b h HapoAHa CKynuiTHna 3a- jeAHHMKH (mji. 46.) YnpaBHy BJiacT BpuiH Kpajb npeKO oAroBopHHX AuiHHCTapa, no OApeAdaMa YcTaBa. (mji. 47.) CyACKy BjiacT Bpuie cyAOBH. tt>HX0Be npecyAe h peuieita H3pnMy ce h H3Bpuiyjy y HMe Kpajba na ocHOBy 3aKOHa (mji. 48.) Kpa/b. KpaJb noTBpljyje h nporjiauiyje saKOHe, nocTaBJta AP>aaBHe MHHOBHHKe h Aaje Bojue MHHOBe no OApeAdawa 3aK0Ha. Kpajb je bpxobhh sanoBeAHHK pejioKynHe BojHe CHAe. On Aaje opAene m Apyra OAJiaKOBaita. (mji. 49.) KpaJb HMa npaBO aMHecTHje 3a nojiHTHMKe h BojHe KpHBupe. Kpajb HMa npaBo noMHJioBan>a (mji. 50.) 142 Kpajb npefldaBJba ApwaBy y cbhma H>eHHM oAHGCHMa ca rytjHM ApwasaMa. Oh orjiamyje paT h 3aKJbynyje MHp. Ako 3eMJba HHje HanaAHyTa, ham joj paT HHje oraauieH oa Koje APyre ApwaBe, 3a oniac paTa noTpeoan je npeTxoAHO npHCTaHaK HapoAHe Cxyn- uiTHHe. Ako 3eMJt>n 6yAe oraauieH paT hah oHa 6yAe HanaAHyra, HMa ce OAMax ca3BaTH HapoAHa CxynuiTHHa. (ha. 51.) Kpajb ca3HBa HapoAHy CxynuiTHHy y peAOBaH hjih BaHpeAaH ca3HB. Kpan> MO>Ke y cBaxo AoOa, no AP*aBHoj noipeSn, no- 3B3TH HapoAHy CKynuiTHHy, xoja je CBoje ceAHHpe oAroAHAa. Kpajb HMa npaBO Aa pacnycTH 'HapoAHy CKynuiTHHy. (hji. 52.) HnjeAaH hhh KpajteBCKe BJiacra HeMa CHare, hhth ce Mowe H3Bpuii ; TH, axo ra HHje npeManorancao h3AJic>khh MHHHCTap. 3a CBe KpajueBe nnue, ycMeHe hjih nncMeHe, npeManoTnucaHe hah noTnucaHe, icao h 3a CBe H>eroBe noCTynxe nojiHTHHKor 3Ha- naja, oAroBapa hhaaokhk MHHHCTap. 3a HHHe KpajbeBe iiao BpxoBHor 3anoBcAHHKa BojcKe, OAroBapa MHHHCTap BojHH h Mop- Hapupe (hji. 54.) KpajbeBa je akhhoct HenpHKOCHOBeHa. Kpajby ce He Mowe HiiuiTa y OArOBopHOCT ct3bhth, hhth Kpajb Mowe 6hth Ty>KeH. ( c uiaH 55.) y KpajbeBHHH Cp(5a, XpBaTa h CjiOBeHapa BjiaAa IleTap I. Kapa^opijeBHh. KpajuafleTpa nacjieijyje IlpecTOJioHacjieAHHK AjieK- caHAap h HieroBO MyuiKO noxoMCTBO H3 3aKOHHTor Spaxa, no peAy npBopo^eHba. KaA Kpajt ueMa MyuiKor noTOMCTBa, oh he oApeAHTH ce6n HacjieAHHKa H3 noOonHe jiHHHje, c npncTaHKOM HapoAHe CKynuiTHHe. (hji. 56.) HdMeCHHlUmBO. KpajbeBCKy BJiacT Bpinu HaMecHHuiTBO: 1) KaA je Kpajb Ma- jioAeTaH; 2) KaA je 30or AymeBHe hjih TejiecHe Sojiec™ TpajHO HecnocofiaH Aa Bpuin KpajbeBCKy BJiacT. (hji. 60.) Hapopna ChcynuiamHa. HapoAHy CKynuiTHHy cacTaBJbajy nocjiaHHpn Koje HapoA caoSoaho 6 m pa onuiTHM, jeAHaKHM, HenocpeAHHM h TajHHM rjia- cau.eM, ca npeACTaBHHuiTBOM MaibHHa. Ha cb3khx 40.000 ct3hob- HHKa dupa ce no jeAaH nocAaHHK. Ako BHiuaK CTaHOBHHKa y jeA- Hoj H3dopHOj jeAHHHpH 6yAe BehH oa 25.000 dnpahe ce h 3a Taj ocTaTaK jeAaH nocjiaHHK. HapoA«a CxynuiTHHa 6npa ce Ha 4 ro- AHHe (ha. 69.) npaBO OnpanKO HMa cb3kh ApwaBJbaHHH no poijeiby hah npHpot)eu>y, axo je HaBpuino 21 roAHiiy. OijiHpHpH, 3kthbhh h y 143 HeflejcTBy, Kao h noAOtjwHHpH a BojHHHH non 3acTaBOM, He Mory BpuiHTH dnpaaKO npaBO, hh 6hth SwpaHH. (aa. 70.) 3a nocnaHHKa y HapoflHoj CKynuiTHHH Mo>Ke 6 hth ma6pan caiwo OHaj, KojH Hiwa OnpaaKo npaBO, 6e3 o63Hpa jean yBeaeH y (5npaaKH cnacaK. Oa CBanor ce nocaaHHKa Tpawe obh ycaoBH: 1) Aa je sp>KaB;baHHH no potjeu>y am npapotjeay Kpaa,eBHHe Cp6a, XpBaTa a CaoBeHapa; npwpotjeHH ApaaHHH, aKo HHje HapoAHocm cpncKO-xpBaTCKo-caoBeHaaKe, Mopa 6am HacTaHbeH HajMafte aeceT roAHHa, paayHajyliH oa «aHa npnpoljeifca; 2) «a je HaBpuiHO 30 roA- a 3) Aa roBopn a name HapoAHHM je3HKOM. (aa 72.) CBaKH Hap oahh nocaaHHK npeACTaBa>a peo HapoA a He caivio OHe, Kojn cy ra usadpaan. (aa. 74.) HapoAna CKynuiTHHa caciaje ce y npecTomipn, BeorpaAy y peAOBaH ca3HB CBaKe roAHHe 20. OKToOpa, aKO npe Tora HHje Kpaa>eBHM yKa30M ca3BaHa y BaHpeAau ca3HB. 3a BpeMe paia HapoAHa CKynuiTHHa je CTaaHO Ha OKyny, ochm axo cawa APyK- HHje He OAayau (aa. 75.) 3aK0HCKe npeAaore noAHOce no OBaaiiTkeH>y Kpaa>eBOM Mh- HHCTapcKH CaBeT am nojeAHHH mhhhctph. npaBO noAHOiueita 33KOHCKHX npeAaora npHnapa CBaKOM aaaHy HapoAHe Cxyn- uiTHHe (aa, 78.)] Kpaa> 3aKa>yayje yroBope ca TyijHM AP*aBaMa, aan je 3a noTBpAy thx yroBopa noTpeSHO npeixoAHO opoOpeifee HapoAHe CKynuiTHHe. /(pacaBHa TepmopHja He MO>Ke ce oTyljHTH Han pa- ^MeHHTH (5e3 oAo6peH>a HapoAHe CKynuiTHHe. (aa. 79.) 3aKoae nporaauiyje Kpaa> yKasoM Kojn caAp>KH a cam 3aKOH perneH oa HapoAHe CKynuiTHHe. (aa. 80.) Hhko h hhk3a He Moace y3eTH nocaaHHKa Ha oAroBop 3a raac KojH je pao Kao aaaH HapoAHe CKynuiTHHe. (aa. 87.) Ee3 OBaauiiietfca HapoAHe CKyniuTHHe H>e3HHH aaaHOBH He Mory ce 3a KpHBHpe 6nao KateM. Kpaa> HMeHyje npeAceAHHKa h aaaHOBe Mh- HHCTapcKor CaBeTa. Mhhhctph ce Haaa3e Ha aeay nojeAHHHx rpana ppaoBHe ynpaBe. (aa. 90.) Mhhhctph cy oatobophh Kpaa>y a HapopHoj CKynuiTHHH (aa. 91). 144 ynpaBa y KpajbeBHHH Bpinn ce no oSjiacTHiwa, OKpy3HMa, cpe30BifMa h onmTHHaMa. HoAeaa Ha odaacTH Bpiun ce 3aiKe mm3th HajBHine 800.000 CTaHOBHHKa. Ha aeay CBaKe oSaacTH Haaa3H ce Beanica >KynaH. (aa. 95). 3a nocaoBe MecHor: omuTHHCKor, cpeCKor h odaacHor 3na- aaja ycTaHOBJhaBa ce MecHa: onuiTHHCKa, cpecKa h odaacHa caMoy- npaBa ypeljeHa Ha Haaeay h36ophom. y Kpyr pa^a caMoynpaBHMX odaacHiix ynpaBa cnaaajy: odaacHe (JiMHaHCHje; odaacHH jaBHH paflOBH; CTapa^e o yHanpeijea>y odaacHHX npHBpe^HHx HHTe- peca; ynpaBa odaacHHM HMaitHMa; Opwra o HapoAHOM 3ApaBa>y y oOaacTu; odaacHe xy.waHe ycTaHOBe; odaacHe caodpaiiajHe ycia- HOBe; capaljHBaibe Ha yHanpetjetty npocBeie y odaacTH; capaljH- Baw>e na cipyaHOM o6pa30Baity y odaacTH; 3aBoijeH>e h OAP>«a- Bafte yCTaHOBa 3a niTeAH>y; y3ajaMHo noMaraite h ocurypaite (aa. 96.). OpraHH odaacHe ynpaBe cy odaacHa CKynnmiHa h odaacHH OA^op. BeaHKH aKaBHor CaBeTa nociaBa>a Kpaa. Ha npeAaor npeAceAHHKa MuHHCTapcKor CaBeia. (aa. 103). CyncKii BJiacm. CyAOBH cy He3aBHCHH. y H3pHpaH>y npaBAe ohh He CToje hh noA xaKBOM Baauiliy aaH cyAe no 3aKOHHMa. (aa. 109). 3a peay Kpaa>eBHHy nodojH caMO jeAaH KacapwoHH CyA* ca ceAHuneM y 3arpe6y (hji. 110). CyAHje cbhx cyAOBa cy CTaaHH. CyAHja He MO>«e 6hth amueH CBojera 3BaHba hhth Ma H3 Kojer yspoxa yioicifceH ca ay^HocTH, npoTHB cBoje Boa>e, 6e3 npecyae peAOBHHx cyAOBa Han AHcpnnaH- HapHe npecyAe KacapiioHor CyAa. CyAHja Moace 6hth npeMeniTen caMO no cbom npncTaHKy (aa. 112). HpjKClBHO ZCt3/iHHCmB0. Csaxe roAHHe HapoAHa CxynuiTHHa opodpaBa ApaiaBHH dyper Kojn BpeAH caMO 3a roAHHy AaHa (aa. 113). /^pjKaBHH nope3H, h onuiTe ApwaBHe AawdHHe ycTaHOBJbaBajy ce caMO 33KOHOM (aa. 115). nopecKa odaae3a je onuiTa h CBe cy APay. Ilope3a ce naaiia no nopecKoj ch33h h nporpecHBHo (aa. 116). 145 3a nperjieA aP^kabhhx panyHa m HaA3HpaBaHe HaA H3BpmeiteM ApwasHor h oSaacHor OypeTa riocTojH raaBHa KoHTpoaa Kao BpxoBHH panyHCKH cyA (ha. 118). Bojcka. BojHa je o5aBe3a omuTa, no oApeA^aMa 3aK0Ha. YcTpojcTBo m BejinHHHa BojCKe n MopHapnpe nponncyjy ce sakohom. op- Mnpaibe jeAHHHpa y 3aKOHOM oApeljeHOM o6nMy nponncyje Kpaa> ypeA^OM, Ha npeAJior MHHHCTpa BojHor n MopHapHpe. Koahko he ■ce BojCKe ApwaTH noA 3acTaBOM, oApeljyje ce CBaxe roAHHe 6ypeT0M (hji. 119). Hhko no HaBpmeTKy 20. roAHHe ne Mome ao6hth APHOBHy cay>K6y hah y n>oj oeraTH, aKO no OApeA^aMa BojHora 3aKOHa HHje CBoj poK OACAywHO hah oa BojHe caywOe ocxoSofjeH (ha. 122). HsMene y ycmauy. O H3MeHaMa y YcraBy peuiaBa HapOAHa CKynuiTHHa ca KpajbeM (ha. 125). 2. ynpaBa. a) Uemapa/ina Upwama YnpaBa. L(eHTpaAHa «p>KaBHa YnpaBa je yjeAHiteHa y Kpajby xojn BpuiH APA«aBHe ynpaBe. OBe cy: yHyTpainiba Aeaa, cnoa>HH no- caobh, BojcKa h MopHapHpa, (jiHHaHCHje, nojbonpHBpeAa h BOAe, uiyMe h pyAHHKe, HHAycTpnja h TproBHHa, caoSpahaj, nouiTa h T eaerpatj), rpa^eBHHe, npaBAa, npocBeTa, Bepa, counjaAHa noan- THKa, HapoAHO 3ApaBJbe, arpapHa peijiopAia h H3jeAHaneH>e 3aK0Ha. 3aK0H o peHTpaAHoj AP^aBHoj ynpaBH join HHje aohct oa HapoAHe CKynuiTHHe, Te 3a nojeAHHe rpaHe ApwaBHe ynpaBe Ba>Ke npeApaTHH CpSHjaHCKH 33K0HH HAH HOBH KOJH Cy AOHeTH CaMO 3a K3Becne rpaHe. 6) AflMHHHcmpamuBHa uopena 3eMJbe. Ho yjeAHH>eH>y 33Ap>KaHO je y raaBHOivse npeAparao hamh- ^sHCTpaTHBHo ype^eite nojeAHHHx noKpajHHa ca obhm H3MeHaMa: IJjpHa Fopa h BojBOAHHa (Eapan>a, BanKa h BaHaT) cnojeHe cy 10 146 a^MHHHCTpaTHBHO Ca Cp6n]OM, CBH CJIOBeHCKH KpajeBH y'jeflHH>eHK cy y CnoBeiinjn, a Mel^yMypje h Ham «eo McTpe (Kpx m Ka- daBCKa omuTHHa) npHKJByBean cy XpBaTCKOj. Ha Taj HamiH CTBopeHa je npHBpeiueHa aAMHHHCTpaTHBHa nopejia KpajbeBHHe Ha neT BejiHKfix noKpajHHa, h to: 1. Cpdnja ca LJ,phom TopoM h B ojBOAHHOM, 2. XpBaTCKa h CaaBOTHja ca MeljyMypjeM, 3. Bocna h XepueroBHHa, 4. ^aaMapuja h 5. CaoBeHHja. npBOM noKpaj hhom ynpaBJba 3ajeAHHHKO MHHHCTapcTBO yayTpamH>Hx J\em, a 3a ocTaae aeTHpH noKpajHHe nocToje noKpaj hhckc ynpaBe ca cepM- iBTHMa y 3arpedy, CapajeBy, Cn.iirry h JBydJbaHH. J\ajh& nopejia noKpajHHa Ha Mame h HajMame ynpaBHe jepH- impe ocTaaa je y raaBHOMe HeH3MemeHa, a OHa je AocTa pa3HOJiHKa. Cp6nja je aAMHHHCTparaBHO noAejneHa Ha oiKpy3H cy obi-i: yawnoi, noAPHHCKH (LUadap), Ba- .jbeBCKH, deorpapcKH, CMeAepeBCKH, KparyjesaaKH, MopaBCKH (Tiy- npuja), noHopeBaHKH, KpajtmcKH (HeroTMH), thmohkh (3ajenap), nupOTCKH, HHIUKH, BpaffeCKH, TOITJIHHKH (HpOKymbe), KpymeBaHKH, pyAHHHKH (TopHni MnnaHOBap) h HanaHCKH. npecTOHHpa Beorpap je aAMHHHCTpaTHBHO caMoCTajma. — Jy>KHa Cpdnja je noAejbeHa Ha 16 OKpyra ca npocenHO 104000 pyma h 2790 km 2 noBpniHHe. OKpy3H Cy OBH: KyMaHOBCKH, CKOFTCKH, KOCOBCKH (npHLUTHHa), SBenaHCKH (MHTpoBwpa), npHjenojbCKH, pauiKH (Hobh na3ap), njbe- Ba/bCKH, dnjejionojbCKH, depaHCKH, mctoxhckh ("BaKOBHpa), npn- —3peHCKH, TeTOBCKH, OXpHpCKH, dMTO.TbCKH, THKBeiUKH (KaBaAap) H -dperajiHHHKH (IllTHn).— Cpe30Ba HMa y ceBepHoj Cpdnjn 81 a y jywmoj 56; ohh dpoje npoceaHo 35.000 oahocho 30.000 Ayma Ti 3axBaTajy noBpuiHHy oa npocenHO 596 oahocho 797 km 2 . Ilpna Topa je TaKoije noAejteHa Ha OKpyre; HMa hx 6: pe- THfbCKH, nOATOpHHKH, dapCKH, HHKIHHliCKH, KOJiaLUHHCKH H aHAPH- jeBHHKH ca npocenHO 40.000 CTaHOBHHKa h 1640 km 2 . noAe^eHH cy Ha yKynHO 21 cpe3. BojBopma je noAea.eHa na Tpn wynaHHje. OBe cy ToporiTaji- CKO-TaMHiHKa (BaHaT), daHKO-doApomKa (Baara) h dapamcKa (Ba- pama). OHe cy nopejBeHe Ha 24 cpe3a. Y BojBOAHHH nocToje ceM Tora ayTOHOMHH, T.3B. xpajb. cjioOoahh rpaAOBH: Cydorapa, Com- dop, Hobh Cap, naHaeBO h Bpuiap. XpBamcm h CjiaBOHiija je nopeibeHa Ha nrynaHHje, a OBe ria KOTape. >KynaHHje cy OBe: JiHHKO-KpdaBCKa, MoppymKO-pHjeHKa, 147 ■sarpeoaMKa, BapaiKAHHCKa, deji0BapcK0~KpH>KeBa4Ka, nowemKa, BupoBHTHMKa h cpeMCKa. One HMajy npoce^Ho 36.000 CTaHOBHHKa h 607 km 2 noBpiJJHHe h noflejbeHe cy Ha yicynHO 70 KOTapa. CeM Tora nodoje Herapn MyaHipmajiHa (caMoynpaBHa) rpa«a: 3arped, Bapa>KAHH, OcjeK h 3eMyn. flcuiMaifftja je noAejbeHa Ha nojiHTHHKe KOTape: EeHKOBap, Kotop, Kopnyjia, Mmotckh, Khhh, XBap, MaKapcKa, MeTKOBiik, ./IpdpoBHHK, Cb. fleiap (Bpaa), LIlHdeHMK, .Chh>, CnjiHT h 3aAap. .Ha kotop cna^a npocenHo 46.000 jbyAH h 916 km 2 . CjiOBennja hmh oBa OKpajHa rjiaBapcTBa: JBydjbaHa (oKOJiHHa). KaMHHK, Kpatfc, PaAOBJbHua, JIoraTeBi, KoneBje, HepHOMejb, Hobo MecTO, JlHTHja, Kpujko, Bpe>KHL(e, Ljejbe, Koi*.Hii;e, CjioBefbrpaAeu,, TymTaft (MeWHuiKa AO-'iHHa), Mapadop (OKOJiHHa), Hiy], JByTOMep H HpeKOMypje (MypciKe ynpaBHe jeAHHHue cy oniiiTHHe nnja je opraHHsa- pHja y Eochh, jywHoj Cpdnjn h Ljpuoj TopH TeK y noneTpHMa. y TOiKap6Ba i iKa oBjiacT (flowapeBau), 15. TiiAtOMKa odjiacT (3ajenap), .16. IliuiiKa odjiacT (Hum), 10 * 148 17. BpaftCKa o^JiacT (Bpafte), 18. KocoBCKa otSjiacx (ripuLuniHa), 19. CKoncKa ofiiiacT (CKonjbe), 20. BperajiHHMKa oCOiacT (UlTiin), 21. BHTOJLCKa odjiaCT (BHTOJb), 22. PauiKa o<3jiacT (Baiax), 23. y>KH4Ka ofiaacT (yacape), 24. KpymeBaHKa oSnacT (KpymeBan), 25. 3eicKa oSnacT (U,eTHH>e), 26. CnaHTCKa odaacT (Cruim), 27. AySpoBaaKa o6aacT (Ay6poBHHK), 28. Ty3aaHCKa o6aaCT (Ty3Jia), 29. CapajeBCKa odnacT (CapajeBo), 30. MocTapcKa o6aaci (Mociap), 31. TpaBHHMKa odaacT (TpaBHHK), 32. BpfiacKa oOjiacT (Bafta-JIyKa), 33. BHxahcica o6aacT (Buxali). 06aac™ oerajy no AOcaflamtbeM nofleibeHe Ha oxpyre (>Ky- ^laHHje), a obh Ha cpe30Be (KOTape), ca tom H3MeHOM #a ce TaMO rjse cy AocajjaibH 0Kpy3H (cpe30BH) nofleibeHH na BHine AenoBa, o6pa3yjy HOBe 0 Kpy>KHe (cpecKe) ynpaBe. Bapoui Beorpa^ n rpa# 3arpe6 noTHHH>eHH cy bcjihkom wynaHy ROTHHae oSnacTH, ca thm M3y3eTK0M aa ociaje ynpaBa Bapomn Beorpafl h Ha Aaibe no# nenocpeAHOM Ha^3opHOM BaaLuhy MHHHCTpa yHyTpaiuH>nx J\ena^ b) Yupma oonacmn n cpesosa. ynpaBa olnacTH n cpe30Ba (xoiapa, OKpaja) flean ce Ha omuTy- ynpaBy KojY spine Ap>KaBHe BJiacra h Ha oOnacHy n cpecxy ca- MoynpaBy. /JenoKpyr onuiTe ynpaBe npeABntjeH je 3Qkohom o omumoj yupaBH. nocjiOBe onune ynpaBe BpuiH no ynyTCTBHMa h nofl Has- •3opoM HaAJie>KHHX MHHHCTapa (yHyTpauiifcHx A 6 -' 13 ! npocBexe,. ArpapHe PeijjopMe, riojbonpHBpeffe h Bofla, PpaijeBHHa, TproBHHe h MHaycTpHje, HapoflHor 3flpaBJta, CoRujajiHe IlojiHTHKe, Bepa h UlyMa h Py^HHKa) y odjiacra bcjimkh >KynaH, a y cpe3y (KOTapy, oxpajy) cpecra nornaBap. BemiKH mynan CTojn Ha neny onune ynpaBe y o&nacm PfoeMy cy noTHHH>eHa cBa HafliieuiTBa h cbh opraHH onuiTe ynpaBe y ofijiacra, a oh ctojh, npeMa nocjioBHMa, noa HajyiewHHM mhhh- CTpiiMa. BeiiHKH >KynaH je noiiHTHHKH npeACtaBHHK BJia^e; or 149 'npeflCTaBJba Baaay h npeivia ofiaadHoj caMoynpaBH. riocTaBJba ce "KpajbeBHM yKa30M. OnpyiKHH fuanemnifH (y >KynaHHjaMa no/i>Kynann) no.MohHH cy opraHH BejiHKOr wynaHa y OKpyry (>KynaHHjK)' Ohh Bpuie y H>eroBo HMe Ha«3op HaA cpecKOM ynpaBOM. M ohh ce nocTaBa>ajy KpajbeBHM yKa30M. Cpecm nozncwap je HenocpeAHH BpniHaap onuiTe ynpaBHe BJiacTH y cpe3y a CTojn noA HaA3opoM oOaacHor BeaHxor wynaHa. y K.eroBy HaAae>KH0CT cnaaajy cbh nocaoBH onurre ynpaBe. Fbera nocTaBa>a MHHHCTap yHyipamiwix /Jeaa. Oahoc ofiaacHor BeaHKor >KynaHa h cpecKor noraaBapa npeMa oOaacHoj h cpecKoj caMoynpaBH bhah ce H3 OAea>Ka o caMoynpaBH. 06aacHa h cpecKa caMoynpaBa yciaHOBa>eHe cy sokohom o 06na.CH.0j n cpecKoj caMoynpaBH. y Kpyr paAa odaacHe caMoynpaee cnaaajy obh nocaoBH: oSaacHe (})HHaHCHje, rpaijeBHHCKH nponncn h oSaacHH jaBHH pa- AOBH (rpaijen>e aoKaaHHx >Keae3HHua, KaHaaa, npHCTaHHUiTa, ny- TeBa, peryancafte noxoica, 3auiTHTa oa nonaaBa h t. a-)> CTapaae o yHanpeijeity odaacHe npHBpeae, noMarafte odpTa, HHAycTpHje h 3aApyrapdBa, ynpaBa oOaacuHM HMaHama, O'pnra o HapoAHOM 3ApaBa>y, 6p«ra o copHjaaHHM 3aAapHMa, oSaacHe xyMaHe ycia- HOBe, oCaacHe caoOpahajHe ycTaHOBe, capaijHBaae Ha yHanpeijeay • npocBeTe h CTpynHor o(>pa30BaH>a y odaac™, noMopcxo pnOap- ctbo, 3aBoijen>e h oApaoBaFte yciaHOBa 3a niTeAfty h KpeAHi, y3ajaMHO noMaraae a ocnrypatbe, CTapatte 3a HcxpaHy Hapoaa y BpeMe HepoAHpe h HenoroAa, npHiaH>e h cpeijHBaite CTara- cthhkhx noAaTaxa h yonuiTe CTapaite o yHaupetjefby npaBpeAHHX h xyaTypHHx saAaiaxa oa hhcto oSaacHor HHTepeca. Opzann odmcne caMoyapaee cy oOaacna cxynuiTHHa u oSaacHH OA^op. Odmcna aeM Ha Herapn roaHHe. BnpaHKO npaso HMajy cbh, KojHMa to npaBO npnnaAa 3a H3?>ope HapoAHHX no- caaHHxa. I436opHe cy jeaHHHue cpe30BH (xoTapH) h rpaAOBH kojh ( 5poje BHme oa 5000 CTaHOBHHxa. Ha csaxHx 10.000 CTaHOBHHxa Aoaa3H no jeaaH aaaH oOaacHe cxynuiTHHe; 3a BHuiax Behn oa 5000 CTaHOBHHxa 6npa ce jom jeAaH aaaH. 3a aaaHa oOaacHe ■CKynujTHHe Mowe 6 hth nsaSpaH caMO OHaj ieH je y oSaacTH HajMafte Tpn iroAHHe. 150 OOjiacHa CKymiiTHHa ca3HBace KpajbCBHM'yxa30M Ha npefljior- MHHHCTpa yHyTpauiffaHX /{ejia y raaBHO Mecro oOiiac™ CBaxe: roaHHe 3a 5 . HOBeMflpa y cboj' peAOBHH ca3HB. BenHKH >KynaH momcc ca3B3Tn CKynuiTHHy no noTpedu y. Banpeflue ca3HBe, a AywaH je to ynHHHTH Ha 3axTeB ofuiacHor ofl^opa hjih je^He Tpe- fiHHe aaaHOBa olaacHe CKynuiTHHe. BejiHKH iwynaH OTBapa h 3a- KJbynyje ca3HB odjiacHe CKynuiTHHe y mwe KpajBeBo. OO.iacHa cxyniuTHHa je peiuaBajyfen h HaA3opHii opraH' oOjiacHe caMoynpaBe. OHa nocTaBjba caMoynpaBHe opraHe h hmh npaBO H3AaBaTH odjiacHe ype« 6 e o cBHMa nHTaifcHMa CBoje HaA- jie>KH 0 CTH. HbHMa ce Mory caMO pa3paljHBATH 3aKOHCikhbhh CaBeT Ha^e Aa YpeAOa HHje ocho- BaHa Ha YcTaBy h 3aKOHy, OHa ce He nporjiamaBa. OOaacHa CKynmTHHa pemaBa ofraacHH 6ypeT CBaxe roAHHe 3a HapeAHy roAHHy. BypeT Mopa Aa caAP>KH OBe pacxoAe: H 3 AaTKe- kojh cnaAajy Ha TepeT oSjiacTH, jiHHHe h MaTepuja/iHe H3AaTKe 3a oSjiacHy CKynuiTHHy, oSaacHH OA^op, odjiacHa HaAJieniTBa h yera- HOBe, OTnaaTy oSjiacHHX AYroBa, nope3e h TaKce Kojn TepeTe- oSjiacT h H3AaTKe 3a HenpeABHljeHe noTpeOe. PeAOBHH cy npnxoAH oOjiacTH: npHxoAH oa oOjiacHHx HMaita, npnxoAH oa pa3Hux o6jia- chhx yCTaHOBa, 3aB0Aa ht.a., caMOCTajiHH otfeiacHH nope3H, Taxce h oOuacHH npnpes Ha ApwaBHH nope3. 3a noMarau>e caMoynpaBHHX Teua y ocTBapHBaity nocjioBa AeuoKpyra oCuiacHe caMoynpaBe ApwaBa fee oABajara 15 % oa hhctot npnxoAa eKcnjioaracahMx. uiyMa, pyAHHKa, boachhx cHara h Apyrux AoOapa. OdnacHH dyper OAoOpaBa MHHHCTap HHaHCHja. OonacHH op,6op je h3bpluhh opraH odjiacHe caMoynpaBe. Oh HM a 5 ao 8 HJiaHOBa Koje dnpa o&nacHa CxynuiTHHa. OCfeiacHH OAdop H3Bpiuyje peuierba odjiacHe CKynuiTHHe, pyKOBOAH caMoynpaBHOM. aAMHHHCTpapujOM H BOAH HaA3op H3A cbhm odjiacHHM yeraHOBaMa h opraHHMa. y Kpyr paAa cpecKe caMoynpaBe cnaAajy obh nocaoBH :: cpecKe <|)HHaHCHje, cpecKH jaBHH paAOBH, CTapaite o yHanpetjeu>y nojbonpHBpeAe, ynpaBa cpecKKM HMaibHMa, 0CHHBaa>e h ynpaBJtaibe cpecKHx 3aBOAa 3a cnpoTHH>y h 3a HeroBaite dojiecHHKa, cpecxe 151 GaoSpafeajue yciaHOBe, 3aB0^eibe a OAP>«aBaH>e yciaHOBa 3a uiTeAifcy h KpeflHT, y3ajaMHo noiwaraite h ocarypafte, noMarau>e odpTa,. HHaycTpHje h 3aApyrapcTBa. Opzann cpeaKynaH. Ca3HB OTBapa h 3ai<;byHyje cpecm noraaBap. CpecKa CKynuiTHHa je peuiaBajykH h HaA3opHH opraH cpecKe caMoynpaBe h hmh npaBO H3A3BaTH npaBHiiHHKe 3a OTnpaBJtau.?. caMoynpaBHHX nociiOBa y cpe3y. OHa peuiaBa cpecKH Sypei CBaKe roAHHe 3a HapeAHy. BypeT OAoSpaBa bcjihkh >KynaH. Cpecm opoop je H3BpuiHH opraH cpecKe caMoynpaBe. Oh HM a npeAceAHHKa h Hernpii HJiaHa. ripeAceAHHK cpecKe CKynuiTHHe je y hcto Bpejvie h npeAceAHHK cpecKor oA^opa; ocTaae HJiaHOBe opSopa 6npa cpeciia CKynuiTHHa. CpecKH OA0op H3Bpuiyje OAJiyKe cpecKe CKynuiTHHe, pyKOBOAH ca.vioynpaBHOM aAMHHHCTpauajoM u BpniH HaA3op HaA cpecKHM ycTaHOBaMa h opraHHMa. /jp>K3BHa ynpaBHa BJiacr bpihh uap3op HaA nocaoBHMa caMoy- npaBHHx BaacTH npexo oSjiacHor bcjikkot wynaHa h cpecKor norjiasapa. 3. Jl,pHk3bhhx tjiHHaHCHja OMeTaHO je otpomhhm Te- mKohaMa Koje cy HacTynune no yjeAHiteifey h ocao6o^eu.y. npo- CTpaHH npeAean Haiiie OTapSHHe, Cp0Hja h LjpHa Fopa, AoneKajiH cy 3aBpuieTai< paTa caCBHM ynponamkeHe, ounbanKaHe h pa3opeHe. Beanm ago MyuiKe CHare ocTao je join Ayro noA 3acTaBOM, aok HH cy yroBopn o MHpy saKjbyneHH, noTnHcaHH h paTHtjiHKOBaHH. BaacTH cy ce Morjie caMO nocTeneHO h cnopo opraHH30B3TH, re ce nope3H HHcy mohih HanjiakHBaTH. Obo CTaibe HHje 6 hjio hh mhoto 6ojbe y noKpajHHaiwa H3 fiHBUie aycTo-yrapcxo MOHapxnje, Koje paTOM HHcy tojihko CTpaAaae Kao Cp6nja h LjpHa Fopa. Ajik y thm cy noxpajHHaMa ynpaBHe Bjiacra Snae Ae30praHH30BaHe HapoHHTO y nonieAy npHKynjbaiba ap>k3bhhx npHXOAa. npHxoAa, AaKiie, HHje 6hjio hjih hhkhkbhx hjih bpjio cjiaSHX. Ha APyroj cy 0 Ha Hannca „Haiue ApwaBHe cj)HHaHCnje“ oa Apa MmiopaAa He- AeibKOBHha. 152 crpami flp>KaBy nexann orpoMHH pacxo«H: Tpedaao je odesdeAHTK HHBaaHAe h nopoAnpe naanx, noTnoMoiw ynponaimeHe 3eMJbo- paAHHKe, 3aHaTaaje h HHAycTpnjaape, oShobhth nyTese h >xeae3- HHMKe npyre h t. a-“ ripBH 6yi f iem (npopanyH AP>naBHHx npnxoAa h pacxoAa) hb- pa^eH je h noAHeT npHBpeMeHoj HapoAHoj CxyniiiTHHH 23. Maja 1919. roA- Hdhmc cy 6um npeABH^eH upnxofln: AHHapa 416,377.998 h KpyHa 1.195,000.737; pacxopn: AHHapa 1.293,186.435 h KpyHa 1.060,150.779; pedpnt\nm: oko AHHapa 876,858.437. OBaj npBH npopanyH HHje 03axott>eH oa npHBpeMeHe Ha- poAHe CKynuiTHHe, Beh ycBojeH jeAHOM ypepdoM MHHHCTapcxor CaBeTa (4. anpnaa 1920. toa.). „To je dnao Bpao pljaBo 3acipa- H>HBaH>e y hbujhm ^HHaHCHjaMa. Oa TaAa, CBe ao xoHpa jyaa 1922. mh hhcmo HMaaH 03axorbeHor npopanyHa. HapOAHa CxynuiTHHa 3aneMapHaa je CBOje BeaHxo npaBo a CBojy BeaHxy ay>khoct: xoHTpoay aP>khbhhx c})HHaHCHja, h AonyCTiiaa je chcbhm paBHO- AyuiHO as HeTHpH nyHe roAHHe caMa Baapa 030133 . 1.3 AP>«aBHe npopanyHe, caMa hx CBojHM peujeitHMa (ypepdaMa) yBOAH y Ba>K- hoct, a caMa hx hcto TaKO, h to CKopo cBaKOAHeBHo, Meita npeMa CBOMe Haxoljeifcy. To oAcycTBO 3aK0HHT0CTH h napaaMeHTapHe KOHTpoae 3H3THO je AonpHHeao 3aoM CTan>y nauinx (j)HHaHCHja, y Koje cy OHe ydp30 3anaae, a H3 AaHa y ash CBe BHLue 3anaAaae“ 2 ). IloropuiaHje pp>xaBHHx tjjHHancHja HaciynHao je noraaBHTO ycaeA HenpexHAHor h Bpao HHTeH3HBHor nopacTa pp>xaBHHX H3pa- Taxa, Kojn cy xpo3 Tpn roAHHe noKpHBaHH noraaBHTO iiiTaMnan>eM hobhx HOBHaHHpa (xpepHTHMa koa HapoAHe BaHxe). YcaeA Tora je BpeAHOCT nanapHor HOBqa CTaaHO onaAaaa, hito je oneT HMaao 3a nocaeAHpy ah HHje dnao Moryfce npHAP>KaBaTH ce npepBHlje- hhx pacxoAa. JIhhhh H3Aann (naaie aphobhhx caywoeaHxa h po- papn Ha cxynofey) h MaiepHjaaHH H3p,au,H (xaHqeaapncxe noipede. orpeB, ocBeiaea>e, HaMeuiTaj; xpaHa h OAeao Bojcxe, doaecHHxa y ApwaBHHM doaHHpaMa h t. p.) CTaaHo cy paean h npexopanHan cy npeppanyHCxe cyMe. Mhmo Tora, pp>xaBHH H3paij(H cy nose- haHH h Hecpa3MepHHM noBefcaBaHbeM dpoja ppncaBHHX caywdeaHxa xoje HHje BpmeHO npeMa cjjHHaHcncxoj ch33h 3eMa>e. Haj3aA, pa3ae HHBecTHpnje Ha rpaljeBHHe, caodpahaj h AP- ynnunae cy, Aa cy MaiepnjaaHH H3papH jom Bnuie nopacan. YcaeA OBaxBor CTan>a duo je pe^HipiT npBe dypeicxe ro¬ AHHe (1919-20.) 3H3THO BehH oa npopanypoM npeABHijenor; H3Heo 2 ) flp. Mii/iopaa HeAea.KOBnh, Hauie ppwaBHe (jiHHancnje. . 153 je jeflHy MHJiHjapAy h ocaM cTorana mhjihohh AHHapa. „OBaj flefJwpHT noKpHBeH je HajBehHM fle/iOM 3ajMOM koa HapoAHe BaHKe (uiTa\t- naiteM hobhx HOBHaiiHpa), 3 hthm ca 20% 33Ap>KaHHX cyMa npn- jihkom MapKHpaHba KpyHCKHx HOBaaHHpa (thx 3a«p>KaTHx 20% flaao je AP>KaBH oko 922 MHAHOHa KpyHa); 3aTHM je no3ajM*eHO -o a AycTpo-YrapcKe BaHKe 300 MHAHOHa KpyHa, paAH n3MeHe no- xaOaHHx KpyHCKHx HOBHaHHija y onTupajy Ha Hauioj Tepmopaj h — a y CTBapH MHHHCxapcTBO (JiHHaHCHja mx je yTpouiHJio Kao KaceHy roTOBHHy; AaJte, y3ero je m 3 flenoa hobhx AHHapcKHX hob- HaHHpa, npe ho iuto cy npeAaie HapoAHoj EaHipi, 425 mhahoha AHH apa, h noTpomeHo xao APwaBHH npHXOA; OHAa je eMHTOBaHo , aphcbbhhx OoHOBa 3a 20 MHJiHOHa AHHapa h 335 MHJiHOHa Kpyna; .Aajbe, aBrycTa 1919. AodHBeH je oa EHrjiecKe m OpaHuycxe Kpe- . flHT oa 50 MHJiHOHa cfipanaxa, h yTpomeH y TOKy npBe nojioBHHe 1920. roA. Ha TeKyfce AP>naBHe noTpede; MHore AP®aBHe odaBe3e, eaj3aA, HHcy HcnjiaiiHBaHe ypeAHO (jiH^epaunje y 3eMJbH h ca CTpaHe, KynoHH ap^hbhhx odBe3HHpa h t. a.) Bek cy ocTajajia Kao JiereliH AyroBH." 3 ) ByyeT 3a 1920-21. roAHHy npeABHijao je pacxoAe oa 3.994,355.553 AHHapa (npexo jeAHe MHanjapAe AHHapa BHiue Hero iuto cy H3HejiH CTfiapHH H3A3HH y SyyeTCKoj 1919-20. toa.) h npnxoAe oa 3.844,177.798 AHHapa; dyyeTCKH a6(})huht dno je npeABH^eH ca 110 MHJiHOHa AHHapa. „Taj je aciJihhht 3HaTHo no- pacTao y Tony H3BpmeH>a OBor dypeTa, Hajnpe CTora, iuto cy ce 3a MHore AP>«aBHe H3AaTKe, KojH cy 6am H3daaeHH H3 npopa- nyna ah ce He 6h jaBnocx 3acTpauiHJia oejiHKHM cyMaMa, oambx 3aTHM OTBopHJiH HaKHaAHH KpeAHTH (ypeAdaMa oa 21. aBrycia h 26. oicrodpa 1920. toa-), y H3Hocy oa 800 mhjihoh3 AHHapa, h THM e ce Bell a npopanyHCKH acc})hu,ht noBekao Ha 910 mhjihoh3 AHHapa. y cTBapn, AajtHM Ha pacTaaeM H3AaiaKa, Taj ce AecjiMipiT SHaTHO yBe^ao.“ 4 ) Hajfiehe ppyuame apnxope hhhhjih cy uocpejpm nope3H (pa- pHHe, MOHonoAH, TpouiapHHe, Taicce, nope3 na nocjioBHH npoMe?, npnxoAH oa caodpafeajHHX k APyrnx ApwaBHHx ycTaHOBa h t. a.), ■ KojH cy 3H3THO yBehaHH, aok cy neuocpepm nopesn octhah hc- AnpHyTH. YcaeA Tora je cKynoka CBe BHiue pacaa, a ca ibom m .A pwaBHH M3AapH (ahhhh, AOAapH Ha CKynoky h MaTepHjajiHH, Ha- -OaBKe) h dyyeTCKM ac^huht. Osaj je noKpHBaH h AaJbe lutem- 3 j A-p MHJiopaA HeAejBKOBiih, Haiue flpwaBHe cjiiiHaHCtije. *) A-p Manopaff HeaejBKOBsife, Hauie ApwtaBHe tjiiinaaciije. 154 naiteM HOBHaHHpa, saxHM HencnjialieHHM panyuMMa npHBaTHim jjHpuMa h iiajsaA, HapoHHTO y nocjieAi-fce BpeMe, yxpouiKOM npn- MHTaKa Ha panyH paxue OAiPTexe. /],p>KaBHe cy ce OaHaHcnje CBe BHixie noropiuaBaae. OBOMe noropmaBaHby Aonpime/ia je 3HaTHo h okojihoct, ihto je H3paAa HapeAHor dypexa BeoMa 3aAopHHJia, Cxora je oypeT 3a 1920-21,. roAMHy npoAyweH 3a 6 Meceipi no Kpaja 1921. roA. a kha ce no- Kasajia noipeOa ah ce oa Mumicxpa Onnancnja HapoAHOj Cxyn- uithhh noAnera npopanyH H3 ochobh ripepaAH, 3a AajhHx 7 Aiecepn AO Kpaja jy.'ia 1922. toa. ByyeT 3a 1922/23. toa. iisraacaH je 31. jyjia 1921. toa. oa. cxpane HapoAHe CKyruuxHHe. „To je, oa Ocjio6oljei*a h yjeAHtbeiiba,. npBH OyyeT Kojn je H3rjiacan y HapoAHoj CKynmxMHH h ao6iio 3aKOHCiKHa exana: yHoujeite cxaSHJiHOCxH,. OApei^enocTH h ijjopMaaHor peAa y Hauie t})HHaHCHje.“ 5 ) BypeT 3a 1922/23. toa. npeABH^a (nojeAHHOCXH bhah H3 Ha- peAHHX nperjieAa): yj) fl-p MiuiopaA Hese/bicoRiih, Haiun Ap>K?BHe fPnnaHU,nje. 155 JVlHHHCTapcTBO UpocBeTe „ Bepa „ yHyTpau]H>HX flejia „ HapoflHor 3ApaBJta „ MHocTpaHnx ]\ena „ HHaHCHja „ BojHO h MopHapwpe „ Tpa^eBHHa „ CaoSpahaja „ Flom-re h Te/ierpacjja „ nojbonpHBpeAe h BoAa „ LLlyMa h PyAHHKa „ TproBHHe h MHAycTpHje „ CopwjajiHe riojiHTHKe „ ArpapHe Pe^opjwe „ YcTaBOTBopHe CKynuiTHHe ByyeTCKH pe3epBHH KpeAHTH YKyriHO pacxoAH 460,950.932-56 R. 72,641.292-45 „ 340,525.882-45 „ 185,410.504-50 „ 57,854.23950 „ 1.065,598.983-58 „ 1.127,803.394-40 „ 190,523.013-— 1.234,135.892-25 „ 264,658.319-60 „ 117,676.642-80 „ 206,228.460-35 „ 42,366.295-36 „ 373,206.314-95 „ 57,668.554-30 „ 503 977-80 „ 81,000.000— „ 6.934,597.430-39 ;u EKOHOMCKO CTAFfaE. i. onLUTM nPEr jiea. KpajbeBHHa Cp6a, XpBaTa h CjiOBeHapa je 3eMJbopa^HHHKa ApwaBa, jep ce 85o/o penoKyriHor CTaHOBHHuiTBa 6aBe 3eM;bopaAft>oM Kao rjiaBHHM 3aHHMaH>eM. OcTaae npHBpeAHe rpaHe cy. MHoro caa- 6nje pa3BHjeHe, Ma na HMa yc/iOBa 3a h>hxob pa3BHT3K. HejeAHaK pejbecf) h pa3HOJinKe kjihmcks npHJiHKe ycjioBJbaBajy h pa3HOBpcay arpapHy npoAyKLpjy, Koja je CJiHHHa npoH3BOAH>n 3 eMajba jy>KHe EBpone. Ajih Kaxo HMa y Hamoj Ot3ij6hhh bpjio njiOAHHx npeAeaa, Taxo HMa h npocTpaunx HeruiOAHHX h totobo H enpoAyxTHBHHX. riojeAHHOCTH o OBOMe Mory ce bhacth H3 obot nperjieAa. 1 ) Kao nponyKTHBHe noBpiuHHe CMaipajy ce cbc noBpuiHHe Koje ce Mory ynoTpedHTH Ma 3a KaKBy nojbonpHBpeAy npoH3BOAft>y. J ) OBaj nperjieA) Kao 11 c.ieaehit cacTaBjteHH cy npewa HSBeuiTajy MtiHHCTapciBa nojbonpiiBpefle h 603 a „ 06 paljeHa 3 eMa>a h HceTBemi npuHOc y 1920 . h 1921 . roA.‘‘ H 3 icora cy y 3 exn caMO noAapH 3 a 1921 . toa. 157 To cy noBpiuHHe Koje Aajy huh cy OApe^eHe m Aajy dHibiie npo- M3B0Ae Kojn cjiywe HOBeny Ma Ha icojw hhhhh. OHe ce Aeae Ha 3npaTHy 3eMJby, nauntaKe, BHHorpaAe, BofcttaKe, uiyMe, dape h pHTOBe OA KOJHX Ce HMa KOpHCTH. PacnopeA obhx npoAyKTHBHHX noBpuiHHa y nojeAHHHM no- KpajHHaMa je oBaj (npewa ctanby y 1921. roA-): 158 II. nOJbOnPHBPEAA. Oa no^onpHBpeflHHX rpaHa cy y Hac HajBawHuje 3eMJbopa'AH>a, BohapcTBO h iiMHorpaaapcTBO. H 3 paHtije n3Jio>KeHnx noAaTaKa bham ce Aa oa yxynne npoAyKTHBHe noBpniHHe Hame OiapSune unite 33,67% 3npainy 3eMJby, 1,17% BolntaKe h 0,93% BHHorpaae, AOK ocTajiH 41,80% cjiywe myMapcTBy a 22,43% CTOuapcTBy. 1. 3eMJbopa,a,ft>a. Ciaite Haute seMJbopaAfte bhah ce HajSojbe 03 obhx npe- rjieAa: a) nperaeA odpaijeHe noBpiuHHe y 1921. foahhh. 159 143 oiior nperjieAa bhah ce, jia Hajeehn Aeo 3nparne seM-^e 1,73,85%) cjiy>Kn npo!!3BO.An>H 3pHador 6 hjb 3 pepea;iHjaJ n to miieHHue, jeaMa, pawn, nanojiape, oBca, K r yKypy3a, rwpuHHa, npoca, xejiAe h AP- Ha ocTajio 6mbe ynoTpedibeHH cy caMO cpa3MepHo Majm flejioBH. IlaAa y ohh orpoMHa noBpiuHHa yrapa y Bochh, 642.100 ha, t. j. noBpniHHe Koja je pejie roAHiie ociajia ne.3ace- jana, yrapeHa. I4cto Taxo cy h y XpBaicKoj h y /Ja/iMapuja Be- jiHKe noBpniHHe noA yrapHMa. 6) icoje je 6njhe 1921. roA- 6wno 3acejaH0 h Ha kojihkhm noBpuiHHaMa icao h HceTBeHH npHHOc thx noBpuiHiia bhah ce as CJieAehiix nperjieAa. 1. 3pHacro 6w.jbe. Ms npeAtter nperjieAa ce bhah, Aa ce oa cser 3pHJCTor 6ajha HajBHiue Heryjy KyKypya, na nmeHHpa, OBac, jenaivi h pa>K. I{yicypy3 ce rajn Ha 31% pejioKynHe 3HpaTHe 3eivui>e h to najBHme y Bojboahhh, Cpdnjn h XpBaTCKoj. npHHoc ca 1 ha kojm je npoceHHO y pejioj KpajteBHHH 9,97 q HHje ceyAa jeAnax, Haj- dojbH je y BojBOAHHH ca 11,38 q a HajcjiadHjn y /jajiMaipijH ca 6,07 q. Oh 33bhch HapaBHO mhoto oa ruiOAHOCTH TJia h kjihmckhx 0 MattH y«eo qa 4% mije HQBeAeH mi y OBOMe hii y Hape/imm npe- ■nieAHMa. 160 apHJiHKa, a jih CBaKaKO je Moryhe aa ce ycaepiueHUM o6patjHBaH>eM 3e\i^be noBeha. Y Vhajm\n hoch 1 ha 15,9 q, y PyAiyunja 13,1 q a y ByrapcKoj 12,3 q. Ilo kojihhhhh KyKypy3a ko]'h ce npoH3BOflw roAHiume ,nojia3H Kpaa>eBHHa Cp6a, XpBaTa h CaoBeHaqa Meijy Sp>KaBaMa y EBponH-Ha Apyro MecTO H3a PyMyHHje. riiueHHUOM je 6 hjio 1921. toa. 3acejaHO 25% 3npaTHe 3eMjbe, h to HajBHuie y Cp6Hjn, na y Bojboahhh, XpBaTcxoj, Bochh h C aoBeHHjn. Y noraeAy npanoca xojn je npoceaaH 3a qeay 3eMa>y ca 1 ha 9,52 q 3a 03HMy nmeHHqy h 6,66 q 3a japy nmeHimy, 6eae>KH CTaxHCTHKa BeanKe pa3AHKe. HajBehn npHHoc HMajy Xp- BaTCKa (3a 03HMy 13,78 q, 3a japy 9,35 q) h CaoBeHuja (3a 03HMy 13,03 q, 3a japy 11,78 q) a HajiwaifcH BojBOAHHa (3a 03HMy 7,70 q,. sa japy 6,26 q) h CpCnja (3a 03HMy 7,80 q, 3a japy 5,81 q). Y norjieAY noBehama npoH3BOAit>e Ba>KH oho hcto luto je peneHO 3a KyKypy3. /(a je oho Moryhe, bhah ce Beh H3 ynopeijema Hamer npHHOca ca npHHOCoM Apyrnx 3eMaa>a oa Kojnx Hexe HMajy Mame noBOJbHy KJiHMy. flpHHOc h3hoch Ha npHMep y /(aHcxoj 31,9 q, y BearajH 25,3 q, y HeManxoj 21,4 q, y LLlBajqapcxoj 21,3 q, y PyMyHHjH 12,9 q, y Eyrapcxoj 11,4 q. Koanxe 6 h kophcth 3eMa>a m HapoA HMaAH oa noBehaHe npoH3BOAH>e paqnoHajiHHjaM o6pa- ijHBameM 3eMa>e, HHje noipeSHo HapoHHTO HCTahH. CBaxaxo 6 h Hama OTay6HHa OHAa 3ay3HMaaa jeAHO ba>kho MecTO y npoH3BOAft>ii nmeHHqe; caAa je y Ebpoiih Ha neTOM a y CBeTy Ha ocmom MecTy. Obcic ce Heryje Ha 7% oa 3HpaTHe noBpmHHe. Flo koahhhhh OBca Kojn ce npoH3BOAH roAHmme A03a3H Hama OTaySnHa Ha Asa- - BaecTo MecTO y EBponH. M npHHoc OBca je Bpjio HejeAHax (y CAOBeHHjH 10,09 q, a y CpSnjH 5,97 q). JenciM ce raja cByAa, a HajBHme y CpOnjn, XpBaicxoj h Bochh,.. ITpuHoc je HajOojbH y CjioBeHHjn (3a 03hmh 11,02 q, 3a japn 10,23 q) a HajcaaCmjH y BojBOAHHH (3a 03hmh 7,03 q) h y Bochh. ( 3 a japn 5,87 q). Pane ce ceje HajBHme y Cp&ijH, na y XpBaicxoj h y Cao- BeHHjH. OBAe pa3JiHKe y npHHocy HHcy Beanxe. Y noraeay npon- 3 BOAH>e jenMa h pawn CTojH Kpajr>eBHHa CXC na jieceroM MecTy y Eepohh. 161 2. MaxyHacro 6nzbe. On CBer MaxyHacTor 6u,iha 3 aysHMa nacyjb HajBa>KHHje raecTO y npOH3BOAIfcH. 3. KopeHacTO KpTOJiacTO 6ujBe H3 oBora ce bh^h, na ce KfOMunp HajBHiue rajn y XpBaTCKoj m C/iOBeHujH, a y ocTajiHM noKpajuHaivia caMO y cjia 6 oj Mepn. npHHOC HHje CByna jeniiaK: HajBehn je y ,H,ajiMau,HjH ca 50,27 q ca je^Hor ha, a HajMai-gH y Cp6njn ca 26,35 q. Pa jw ynopeljCii>a HaBemheMO npuHoc KpoMrmpa ca 1 ha y npyruM 3 eMJbaMa; oh h3hoch y BeJiraja 186,4 q, y JJaHCKoj 146,1 q, y LllBajpapcKoj 113,6 q, y OpaHiiycKoj 85,3 q, y MTajinjn 57,6 q, y -ByrapcKoj 38,3 q, y PyiuynnjH 37,1 q. MpKBa ce Heryje caMO y CjioBeHHjn h y XpBaTCKoj. FIpHHOc je y GaoBeHHjH MHoro seha (31,5 q) Hero y XpearcKoj (18,28 q), Cucome pene hmh HajBHme y C/iOBeHHjH, BojBonnHH h Xp¬ BaTCKoj, a y ocTajiHM noKpajHHaMa caMO y Mai-bHM K0JiHHHnaMa s 11 162 y npHHOcy nocToje BennKe pa 3 AHKe; y Boj'boahhh naje 1 ha 121,5 q, y JUjiMauHjn 84,6 q, y XpBaiCKoj 57,1 q ay OioBeHujH caMO 24,84 q. 4. EanrreHCKO 6vuhe. 5. Hhay CTpHCKO 6mi,e. IHehepna peaa ce ceje y BojtfOAHHH, XpBaTCKoj, Cp6njH h Bochh y KojHM ce noKpajiiHaMa Ha;ia3e h Harne (JiadpiiKe mehepa. flan ce rajn 3a TproBaqKe CBpxe y CaiaBOHHjn, y okojihhh OcjeKa, y ceBepHOM neiiy BaHaTa h y CaioBeHHjn. HHane ce aiaii npoH3BOA« no ueaioj seMjbH 3a KyhHy ynoTpe6y cTaHOBHHiiiTBa. Komujba ce Heryje aa TproBaoKe tpObeBe y BamKHoj Cpfinjn (cKoncKH, KyMaHOBCKH, 6perajiHHqiKHy Cp6njy 1,028.666 XpBaTCKy h CjiaBOHnjy 8,607.882, BocHy h XepueroBHHy 12,295.670 BojBOflHHy 368.279 CjiOBeHHjy 1,090.642 , T {a„iMauHjy 49.242 UpHy Topy 164.331 FIpHHOC je 6 ho 1921. roA- Bpjio HejeAnau; aok je 6 ho y Bochh 8,6 Krp. ca jeAHor ApBeTa, n3Heo je y Cp6njH 14.2 Krp., y XpBaTCKoj 16,8 Krp., y BojBOAHHH 19 Krp. n y CjioBeHHjH 20,3 Krp. Blocjie injbHBa no CJpojy ApBeTa AOJiase jadyhce. V 1921 toa. 6huo je yKynHO ja6yKOBnx Apeeia 6,909,601. Oa Tora 6poja Aoua3H Ha CeBepHy Cp6njy 1,757.635 Jyacny Cp6njy 166.935 XpiiaxcKy h C.'iaBOHHjy 1,571,140 . Bocuv h XepueroBHHy 746.515 BojsoAHHy 354.319 CjioBeHHjy 2,249.973 /la.’iMaunjy 42,015 UpHV Topy 21.959 M koa ja6yi<#'6Ho je npHHOC Bpuo HejeAHau; BapHpao je H3\iel)V 5,4 Krp. (y Bochh) h 27,8 Krp. (y CAOBeiiHjii). H upyiuaua hmu npH/iHHHO. Oa yxynHor 6poja oa 3,884.113 aoa33h na: i) y llpnoj Fopn HMa 63.612 a y Bochh 8.150 MacjiiiHOBnx spBeTa;. H.HXOB npHHoc je Heno3HaT. 165 CeBepHy Cp6njy 1,214.087 Jyxoiy Cp6njy 128.025 XpBaTCKy h C^aBOHHjy 798.233 BocHy h XepueroBHHy 633.920 BojBojHHy 136.040 CjioBeHHjy 916.126 j],a,/iMaunjy 27'692 U,pHy Fopy 29.990 npHHOC je 6 ho 1921. poa HajBekn y UpHoj Topn ca 49,1 Krp. a HajMatbH ca 1,7 Krp. y Bochh. Baxoia rpaHa npHBpeAe jecy h MacAnne. Macjintbauii cy \iaxoM y flajiMauHjH. 3, BjiHorpaaapcTBO. BejiHHHHa h pacnopeA BHHorpaAa no noKpajnHaMa, Kao h hjhxob npHHOC bhah ce ns OBor nperjieAa. Oa yxynHe noBpuiHHe oa 171.634 ha AOJia3ii Ha BHHorpaAe ; rio a aMepnnKOM ji030m 110.000 ha, a ooa AOMahoM ;io30m 61.633 ha. no npon3BOAtBH BHHa CTojn KpajbeBHHa y EBponn Ha neTBpTOM MecTy nocjie OpaHuycKe ca 56 MHjraoHa, HTajinje ca 42 MHJinoHa h LlInaHiija ca 29,7 mhjihoh3 xeKTapa, a y CBeTy Ha neTOM MecTy, jep npeA-fte AOJia3H join h Ajdkhp ca 7 Mranona xeKTOJiHTapa. FjiaBHa TpxapCTBO. KoftH ce raje no aeaoj 3eMJbH, a Ma3re n Marapu,n caMO y JymHoj Cp6njn, XepperoBHHH n Bochh ay>K aaaMaTKHCKe rpa- HHtce, /XajiMau,Hjn n y UpHoj TopH. Kotfaa je 6 hjio: 1919. roa. 1920. roa. 1921. roa. 1,008.980 1,458.000 1,069.390 Y Cp6njH oceM nocaBHHe h rioayHaBa>a cy npe paTa ra- jeHH caMO aOMahn kokhi, 3a Homeite TepeTa h 3a jaxatte kojh HMajy mhofo apancKe KpBn. 3a npe3afte cy rajeHH kokhi y Ilo : caBHHH n TloAyHaBjby, h to y3 enemy aHraoHopMaHCKe Kpsu. floMahn KOtt> noKa3ao ce y paTy Bpjio ao6pHM, Ma aa My pa- HHje HHje oSpaheHa OHa na>Kma Kojy je 3ac;iy>KHBao. y Bochh je rajeHa BpcTa oa^hhhhx aoMahnx noma 3a to- Bapeme h jaxame, iKeH0 ao 36.000 KOMaaa ro¬ an rume BehHHOM y HTannjy. y UpHoj Fopn cy rajeHH TOBapHH h jaxahn koibh h H3BO- aceHO je roaHuift>e oko 5600 Koma. HajBHine je pa3BHjeHO KomapCTBO y BojBoanHH H3 aoje je npe paTa roaHimte H3BO>KeHO oko 10.000 kok>3 y HTaanjy, cppaH- nycicy, TypcKy, Byrapcny h Cp6Hjy. IlacMHHa Koma je MaljapCKa. CaoseHHja mm 3 Ternne nnHU,raycKe h a axe Kome. y flaaMannjH.ee raje MaaH 6pacKH kokhi. y HHa>y yHanpe^efca KomapcTBa y 3eMa>n, ap>KaBa H3ap>KaBa epreae y nojHMa ce raje npnnaoaHa rpaa HHCTOKpBHe Han noay- KpBHe apanene, eHraecKe, neManne h aHraoHOpMaHCKe pace. Obhx epreaa hmh : y JbySHneBy (CeBepHa Cp6nja), KapatjopljeBy (Banna) PoraraHH (BocHa), CapajeBy (apacaBHO nacTyBcno craHHiuTe), y Crannhy (XpBaTCKa), KyTjeBy (nacTyxapCKH oano, XpBaTCKa), y Ceay Koa Jby6jbaHe (apacaBna >Kape6enapHa) h y Camy (apacaBHa nacTyxapHa, flaaMau,Hja). 9 OBaj je OAejtaK cacTaBibeH npeiwa noAanwvia yHanacy M. 3eHeBnfca, Hama nojkonpiiBpeaa ii ^eay Hama itHAycTpiija h .-aHam o« Maa. M. CaBuha. 167 2. roBeflapcTBO. ToBe^a ce raje no uenoj 3eMJbn npeMa npnnnKaMa nojeAHHHx KpajeBa. BehnHOM ce raje roBeaa 3a npoH3BOAH>y paAHHx BonoBa, sa npoH3BOAft>y MJiena n roBel^er Meca. HMa KpajeBa rAe ce ro- BeAa raje napoHHxo c o63npoM na ncKOpninhette KpaBa 3a MJieKO Kao y nojeAHHHM KpajeBHMa y CnoBeHnjn n hckhm bcahkhm i«a- ttHMa y XpBaTCKoj h CjiaBOHnjn, a y ApyrnM KpajeBHMa Kao y okojihhh nnpoTa ce raje roBeAa 36or paAHnx BonoBa na ce KpaBe He My3y hhioko hjih caMO Mano. 3acTynjbeHe cy OBe pace roBeAa: 1. rbiaHHHCKa paca KpaTKoporor roBeneTa. OBa je paca HajBHuie 3acTynjbeHa y JyacHoj Cp6njH, UpHoj TopH, Bochh, Xep- ueroBHHH h nnaHUHCKHM npeAejiHMa CeBepHe Cp6Hje. 2. CnBa AOJiHHCKa paca, icoja boah CBoje nopeioio oa criBor CTencKor roBeneTa. PacnpoerpatbeHa je y BojBOAHHH, CnaBOHnjn n no paBHHuaMa n AonHHaMa CeBepHe Cp6nje. 3. KonyOapcna paca nopeKJiOM oa chbot CTencnor roBeneTa; Hana3H ce y Kony6apcKoj aojihhh. 4. CnMeHTancKa paca. OBa je paca pacnpocipafteHa y Cjio- BeHnjn, XpBaTCKoj, BojBOAHHH, C/iaBOHHjH n y3HMa CBe BHine Maxa rio paBHHuaMa n AonnHaMa CeBepHe CpSHje. 5. OnHuraycKa paca HAe ynopeAO ca CHMeHTancKOM pacoM, Ma Aa je 6pojHo Maine 3acTynjbeHa. Bpoj'roBeAH h3hocho je: 1919. roA- 1920. roA- 1922. roA- 3,319.148 5,496.000 4,837.334 3. OBMapCTBO. OBue ce raje no uenoj 3eMJbH, caMO Bume TaMo rAe mm3 nammaKa, a to je y 6packhm KpajeBHMa h y Cp,eMy. H3y3eTaK OBora je CnoBeHuja, rAe ce OBue Mano Apace. y XpBaTCKoj n CnaBOHiijn OBn,e ce Apace caMO y jihhko- KpSaBCKoj h MOApyujKO-pHjenKoj JKynaHHjn ny CpeMy; HajBHuie OBaqa HMajy Cp6nja, BocHa, XepueroBHHa h Upiia Topa. Bpoj OBaipa y nenoj 3eMjbH h3hocho je: 1919. roA. 1920. roA- 1921. roA- 5,217.923 9,771.000 6,806.346 OBii,e ce raje paAH npoH3BOAit>e ByHe, Meca h MJieKa. Be- AHKa KOAHHHHa Meca noTpomH ce y 3eMJbn, a MarbH Aeo ce H3- 168 bo3h y HHOCTpaHCTBO. Oa OBHuje ByHe HajBehH ce aeo noTpomn y AOMahoj paAHHOCTH. Oa MJieKa ce Hspahjyje cap koj'h CAy>Kn 3 a HexpaHy ceocKor CTaHOBHurriTBa, a Man>e ce koahhhhc H3B03e y HHOCTpaHCTBO. y 3eMJbH cy 3acTyrubeHe OBe pace: 1. ) CjeHHHKa paca Koja je pacnpocTpawbeHa y jyacHoj Cp6HjH, 3anaAHOM Aeay CeBepHe CpSnje, y Bochh h XepueroBHHH. OHa ce OAAHKyje KpynHohoM, MAenHomhy h Ao6poM ByHOM. 2. ) FloApHMCKa paca Koja ce najia3H y aoahhh ,HpHMa h y UpHoj TopH. 3. ) KpHBOBHpcKa paca Koja je pacnpocTpan>eHa y ceBepHO- ncTOHHoj Cp6Hj« (hctohho oa Jy>KHe h BejiHKe MopaBe). Oa- jiHHHa ByHa h Ao6pa machhoct maBHe cy npHBpeAHe noAo6no- cth OBe pace. 4. ) JlHncKa paca Koja je Ao6nAa HMe no ceAy Jlnne. Oaah- ifKH 3a IipOH3BOAH>V Meca, K03HHe H MAeka. Meco ce noTpouiH y seMJbH h oia6o ce H3B03H. Oa koshhc hah japnee H3pal]yjy ce y AOMahoj AcviaTHocm noKpoBip-i, 3o6HHne, 6ncare h t. a- M.'ieko ce maao ynoTpeOaaBa 3a H3paAy cupa. 5. CBHitapCTBO. CBi-iaapcTBO nrpa BHAHy ynory y HapoA»oj npHBpeAH h fte- tobh npoH3BOAH (aH H3y3eB jyaaie Cp6nje, rAe ce ao ocAo6of)eita cBHfte Hncy CMene rajHTH. .Hohxob je 6poj hchocho : 1919. roA. 1920. toa. 1921. boa. 2,742.523 4,849.000 3,283.135 CBHtBapcTBO je HapoHHTO pa3BHjeHO: y Bankoj, IIIywaAHjH, y hhckhm npeAeAHMa XpBaTCKe h CnaBOHHje (BeAOBap, KpameBUH, 3arpe6, BapaacAHH, BupoBHTnua h CpeM), y Bochh h Cjiobchhjh. y SpAOBiiTHM KpajeBHMa ce raje norjiaBHTO cBHfte 3a Meco a y paBimnacTiiM amine 3a MacT. 6. >KHBHHapCTBO. H '/KiiiiHiiapcTiio Hrpa BHAHy ynory y HapoAnoj npHBpeAH h B pjio aKTHBHO yqecTByje y nsBosy. y 1920. roA- hsbo3 jkhbhhc h jaja H3HOCHO je cyMy ga 38,431.172 AHHapa, a y 1921. roA. 150,907.823 AHHapa. CaMO jaja H3BC3eHo je y 1920. ro;i. 2,946.111 Krp. y BpeAHOCTH 30,132.666 ahh. a y 1921. roA. 12,341.593 Krp. y BpeAHOCTH 146,743.825 AHHapa. Bpoj jKHBHHe IJ3HOCHO je 1921. roA- 15,175.385. 7. nnejiapcTBO. riMeAapcTBo je pauinpeHO no ne.ioj 3eMjbH h hma BejiHKH . iiianaj s6or CBojnx npoH3BOAa: m6A3 h Bocna. 1 Iph.’ihkom normca Kojn je H3BpmeH Ha ash 31. Aene.Mopa 1921. toa. Ha^enoje ko- unmua y Hamoj OiaySuHn: 8. Fajatbe pii6a h ph6ojiob. Pn6a HMa y Mopy, penaMa, je3epHMa h pH6iBau,HMa. Ph 6 ojiob y Mopy paAH ce nocBe iiphmhthbho ; Ay* Aa.i- \K!Thhckc o6ajie yjiOBH ce roAHimte 6-700.000 Krp, a y xpsaT- ■ ckom npHMOpjy 175-500.000 Krp. pn6a. Bennice KonHqHHe yjioe- ,'IiChhx py6a cnyme 3a iicxpaHy CTaHOBHuniTBa, a ocTajio ce H3 - i bo 3 h. ■ CaMo ce cpljejia KOH3epBHpa h H 3B03H Kao capAnna. Ha ocTpBHMa ce npoH3BOAe Be^iuKH paun — jacrouH. Ph 6 ojiob y peKaMa Sno je BpJio H3AauiaH aok ce HHje no- qeAa yHHiirraBa™ pn6a ahh 3 mhtom. 36or OBora ce CMaiMiJia jaiHe npHJiHKe 3a rajeme pn6a y Bochh. IV. LUyMAPCTBO. y KpajbeBHHH Cp6a, XpBaTa h CaoBeHapa cy oko 7,684.200 ha noA myMOM; KoaHKO hm3 myMa y nojeAHHHM noiHe cao6pahajHe MpexHO exc- nJioaTHcai-be Hamer pyAHor 6nara. npoH3BOAma pyAa Aanac 3a- ocTaje 3H3TH0 H3a npoH3BOAme ocraAHX npuBpeAHHX rpaHa, Ha- poqHTO nojbonpHBpeAe, CToqapCTBa h myMapcTBa. Hy, ca pa3- bhtkom KOMyHHKapHCKe Mpoxe, pa3BHhe ce h pyAapcrso h me- tobh he npoH3BOAH OMoryhHTH CTBapame pa3HHx HHAycTpHCKHX rpaHa, Taxo, Aa he Hama AP^aBa noera™ HHAycTpncxa 3eMjba npBora peAa. PyAHHM SjiaroM Haj6oraraje cy CpOnja, na BocHa h y Tpe- heM peAy C.TOBeHHja. y CpOnjH cy HajBaxomjH y noraeAy pyAa: npeAeo oko Bopa h MajAannexa na ceBepo-HCTOxy, 33thm y no- raeAy yrjba xpaj H3Melgy MopaBe h TuMOxa h Haj3aA oxonHHa KpajbeBa, xoja caApnm pyAHuxe KonaoHHxa. BocHa h CjiOBeHHja HMajy Beraxa AeacHurra yr*a h MHora Hajiaanmra >xe3e3He h Apyre pyAe. 1. yrajb. 3a pa3Boj npHBpeAHor xniBOTa y Hamoj 3eMA.H ocodirry y^ory Hrpa npoH3BOAina yrjba. Oa me 3aBHCH pa3BHTax Hame HHAycTpHje, npaBHJiHO (j)yHKH,HOHHcame >xejie3HHqxor h 6poAap- cxor caoOpahaja, a nocpeAHO h peo npimpeAHH jkhbot 3eM.ibe. IlpeMe AOcaAammHM HcriHTHBamHMa, Hama OTap6HHa mm 3 npmiHqHy xojiHHHHy Hachara yrjba. PaqyHa ce Aa -Te nacjiare H3- Hoce npexo 4 MHAHjapAe toh3, oa xojnx Ha BocHy h Xeppero- BHHy AOJia3H 3300 MHJIH0H3 T0H3, Ha CpOHjy 450 MHJIHOH3 TOHa,. Ha CjioeeHHjy 390 MiuiHoha TOHa, Ha XpBaTCKy 157 mhjihohh tohs. Oa nojeAHHHx peBnpa Hajjaqn je Aomo-TyspaHCXH, xojh hmh oxo 2300 MHJiaoHa toh3 Hacjiara. HpoH3BOAma ynma, yxynHO yseB, y narnoj 3eMJbH rrnje a»\ CThrjia join npepparaH h3hoc. OHa ce xpeTana y Toxy nocjieA- mHx roAHHa: 172 1913 r. 1919 r. 1920 r, - 1921 r. TOH3 Cp6Hja 257.172 111.246 341.949 401.742 BocHa h XepueroBHHa 805.757 662.671 826.669 915,531 OioBeHHja 2,344.826 1,152.638 1,193.874 1,272.973 XpBaTCKa h CjiaBOHHja 199.829 256.900 383.390 359.130 CBera: 3,607.584 2,183.455 2,749.882 2,949,106 npoHSBOflfca je CMameHa koa pyAHHKa y OioBeHujn koj'h cy a aBajin, a h AaHac Aajy, HajBehe koahhhhc, aok je y ocra- ahm noKpajHHaMa npoH3BOAiba uoBehaHa. CMameHa npoH3BOAifaa y CAOBeHHjH AOA33H norjiaBHTO oa pljaBor CTama Hamer cao6pa- haja h oa tccthx unpajKOBa pyAapcKHx paAHHKa y HajBehHM pyA- HupHMa yrjba. Koahhhhc yrjba ca Kojfflwa npHBpeAa y Hamoj OrapOnHH MO>Ke pacnoAara™ cy BeAHKe; OHe ce Mory join h 3H3tho noBe- feaTH. He3roAHO je jeAHHO luto je Ham yrajb HajBehHM acaom MAalje BpcTe, MpKH yrajb h ahfhht, h ycAeA Tora jcAa6nje KaKBohe oa ■ eHrjiecKor, OeAracKor, nopajmcKor hah uiAe3HCKor upHor yrjba. GaB yrajb Kojn ce AoSnja y Bochh, CAOBeHHjn h y XpBaTCKoj MpKH je yrajb; caMO ce y CpoHjn npoH3BOAH yrajb 6oA>e KaK- Bohe, CAHHHe OHoj upHor yrjba. Haj6ojbH yrajb. h to h3 jypcKor Aooa, *) npOH3BOAH ce y MajAaHHMa: Bpmrn Hyna koa 3ajenapa, koa ffoope Ha JlyHaBy, Pmatb koa BojbeBpa (Ha >KeAe3HHqKoj npy3H 3ajeqap—riapahHH), Hoopa Cpeha koa Bhhc Ha jyaiHoj CTpaHH PTma h flopBHC Ha THMOKy koa Kma>KeBu;a. Yrajb H3 obhx pyAHHKa HMa 6000—7000 KaAopnja. Yrajb cahhhot KBaAHTeTa aoohb3 ce y 3apanpojiy koa yrnha Ha H6py jy>KHO oa KpajbeBa. y cbhm 3 OCT3AHM pyAHHii,HMa npoH3BOAH ce MpKH yrajb H jihthht (KaKBoha 3000—5000 KaAopnja. y 1921. roA- 6 hao je y eKcriAoaTauHjH 78 pyAHHKa yrjba y namoj 3eMjbH, oa koj'hx cy 23 y CAOBeHHjH,17 y Cp6HjH, 30 y -XpBaTCKoj h CAaBOHHjH, 8 y Bochh. FlpoH3BOAita HajBehnx yrjbeHHx pyAHHKa h KaKBoha npo- HSBeAenor yrjba bhah ce H3 obot nperAeAa. 0 IlpaBn KaMSHii yraA> je H3 KapSoHCKor «o6a. 173 2. >Ke^e30. „CaBpeMeHa HHAycrpHja ™jn pa3Boj Mopa 6hth jeAaHOA mhoi'hx 3aaaTaKa HapoAHe npnBpe^e ynoTpe6jbasa oa pyAa nopeA 6aijbCTBOM mo- >KeMO- KOHdaTOBaTH Aa hm3mo nopeA ocTaAHx noTpe6nHx cnpo- bhh 3 y Ap>KaBH AOBOJbHy KOAHBHHy >KeAe3He pyAe. HajBehe Ha- CAare *eAe3He pyAe HaAa3e ce y Bochh h y CpSnjH, FAe je HMa toahko Aa he Hama OTapOma, yKOAHKO ce Time xceAesa, 6hth He33BHCHa OA HHOCTpaHCTBa “ (MeAHK). Cp6nja ofiHAyje'AKeAe3Ha pyAa jaBA-a ce, Kao uociaAe pyAe, HajBHiue y epyrmiBHHM CTeHaMa: y KonaomiKy, FAe ce Ha np. oko CyBor PyAHmTa H3A33H MarneTHT ca 74% >KeAe3a, y Pyimucy, FAe je ABeTaAO pyAapcTBO HapohHTo AipH Kpajy cpeAffceBeKQBHe CpSHje, y Bmcmn koa MajAaHneKa, koa lJoope Ha TlyHaBy, koa Pypue Paobc y c.-h. CpOHjn h Ha mhofhm apvthm MecTHMa. M v Jy>KHoj CpSnjH HMa Miioro >KeAe3He pyAe, TaiK£ koa Bapeuia ; to cy pyA- hhu,h, Bpe3HK, /IpomKOBau, CMpena h np>KHhH, Kojn cy pam 174 ro,a,HHe 1905. 122.206, 1910. roA. 132.483, 1912. rofl. 158.205 toh3 >Ke^e3He pyAe (xeMaraTa, ahmohht3 h cHAepHTa) Koja caap>KH 50 ao 66% >Ke;be3a. LjeAa ce Hacjiara Koja Ha hckhm MecTHMa ■ (UpouiKOBau, Bpe-iHHK) H36Hja Ha noBpniHHy h Koja je npHCTyiiHa aa eKcnjioaTaunjy, ueHH Ha 12-15 MHAHOHa toh 3. y Baperny ce Hajia3H BejiHKa TonHOHHpa Koja je y roAHHaMa npe paTa npo- H3BOAH.aa ao 50.000 tohh cnpoBor jKeAeaa, Koje ce HajBehHM AeAOM npepaljyje y 3eHHH,H. Tjpyro bcahko HaAa3Hurre AKeAe3He pyAe (ahmohht3 h CHAepHTa) iKeAe3a. Obac je eKcnoaTapuja join AaKma Hero koa Bapeuia; KO.THHHHe pyAe na noBpniHHH neHe ce Ha 50 mhahohh toh3. OB^e je pyAa nonaHa ca.MO 3a BpeMe paTa. h H3Bo>KeHa y aycTpHCKe ronHOHHue. llopeA obhx HajBehnx HMa y Bochh join h Apyrnx, \iaH>Hx pyAHHKa >Ke.ie3HC pyAe, Tano koa KpemeBa, ,ZI,ycHHe, 4>oj- HHiie, CmbaKOBa, CTapor MajAaHa h Ap. y XpBaTCKoj ce jaBA>a >Kejie3Ha pyAa y mhhdhm KOAHHHHa.Ma aa BHine Mecia, Tano: koa Hennniia (Mp3Aa BoAHya), Ha Bene- 6nmy , y Pypajua koa CaMo6opa a y Behoj koahhhiih y Pltm- pOBoj Popn Cahhho cy h y C/iOBeHHjn kojihhhhc aKeAe3He pyAe, na h AoSpora yriba. 3a >Kejie3Hy HHAycTpnjy je Ba>KHa Mamanosa pyAa. Oh3 ce aBA>a y Hamoj Ot3pohhh Ha mhothm MecraMa, hah HHTAe y BehHM KOAHHHH3Ma, TaKO y CAOBeHHjH: Ha BeAHIHHHH, KOA Ja- BopHHKa, Kpone, >KeAe3HHKa, CrpaiKHuiTa h IllKocJije JIoKe; y Bocbh koa BeBJbaHOtmlja (roAHimbe 5000 toh3 6o.x>e h 2000 ao 3000 CAaOnje Bpcxe), y BpaibKOBHhHMa koa Bapeuia, koa Ko- ibHixa h Baibe JlyKe; y CpOnjn: y KonaoHHKy h Ha ;H6py y $e3H ca >KeAe3HOM pyAOM, koa KpaTOBa, JarbeBa h Ap. 3. Banap. Baxap ce npoH3BOAH HajBHixie y Cp6njH, n to Ha hckoah- khm MecraMa. HajBehn SaKpeHH pyAHHK je Bop koa BpecTOBauKe Baite c.-3. oa 3ajeuapa, koj'h cnaAa y najSoraTnje 6aKpeHe pyA- .HHikhbh jy pyAHHKy Maiumpa koa ropmer Baxy^a. 4. OjIOBO II IJHH3K. Hama OraySHna je 6oraTa h oaobom Koje ce jaBjba o6huho sajeAHO ca uhhkom h cpe6poM. Oco6hto CTapa Cp6nja, Mane- . AOHHja H CAOBCHHjH ce HCTHUy 6or3TCTBOM OAOBHHX pyAa. HajBeha Ha, : ia3Hiina oaobhc pyAe cy: y Cp6njn: Pnnaw (55°/ 0 OAOBa), Bada noa, KocMajeM, kynajua y c.-n. Cp6njn, Pynn>e{ He- AaAeKO oa JlecKOBpa), Kpyaaw y FloApHmy (ao 68% OAOBa); y ’Bochh: CpeopHiiifa, BopoBHW^a (39,9 % OAOBa, 0,11% cpe6pa n neiuTO 3Aaia), Jbyonja koa npnjeAopa, Ojiobo-, y CAOBemijm Ppna y MemHHKoj aoahhh 1913. rofl. 8700 Tona ojioBHe py«e h 42,7 UHHKOBHe pyAe; y okoahhh Mexmue iioctojh ii TonnoHnua 3a oaobo). y Bochh ca eKcnjioaTaunjoM join HHje otiioueTo, a y . ApyrHM pyAHHUHMa je paA 36or pa3HHx TemKoha oOycraBjbeH. L[mak ce npoH3BOAH 3ajeAHO ca oaobom; npoH3BOAma je CAa6a, cAa6nja Hero ripe hckhx AsaAeceT roAHHa, jep je paA y MHOTHM pyAHHUHMa 06 yCTaBA>eH. TonHOHHUy UHHK3 HM3MO y Ba6epjaMa koa Hejba. 5. XpoM, ajiyMKHHjyiu, hiithmom, apceH. XpoM ce jaBjba y Hamoj . OrayfiHHH Hapounfo y Bochh h C pSnjH; y Bochh y Behoj Mepn y Bopnjn nuaHHHH h koa Hydo- uimnife koa Bapema. y 'CpOnjn ce Bajia3H y BeAHKoj koahuhhh y ruiaHHHaMa jyiKHO oa Manna h KpajbeBa, Aame koa CKonjba HcnoA UJape, koa Bejieca, CrpyMHue h Ha ApyrHM MecTHMa. AnyMnmijyM Haua3H ce y CBaKOMe epynTHBHOM naMemy, am HajBHme ra HMa daymenm. Hama najeeha HaAa3HmTa OayKCHTa cy: H3Mel^y BoxHitCKor je3epa h BncTpHue y CAQBeHHjn, Tpran 6per koa TocnHha, BpaTue koa Tpanaua, neAajieKO BHxaha, koa HH iua y .HaAMauHjH, y Moceh nuaHHHH, koa Cnma h OSpoBua. Ahujumohu h apcena nojn ce oohuho jaBJbajy 3ajeAHO, HeMa y Hamoj OiayonuH y 3H3THHjHM KOAHUHHaMa. Beha cy HaAa3HiuTa koa Kpyahba h Amuapa (jyxmo oa KaBaAapa) y Cponjn, koa HeMepunue y Bochh h koa Tpojana y CAOBeHuju. 176 6. 3/iaTO, cpe6po, >KHsa. 3namo ce cm. Cp6njn HcrmpameM m necua I'leKa,. IlopeMKe peKe, TnMOKa h CKOpo cbhx hbhxobhx npHTOKa h ko- nafteM y pyAHHijHMa PycMany koa FAoroBHpe na Remi JoBaHy, y BjiarojeBOM KaMeHy h y Cb. HraaTy. Am vonmima znaja je Bpjio Majia; 1920, toa- aoShbcho je cBera 450 xrp, 3jiaTO ce Ao6hb 3 ceM Tora h y bcahkhm 6aKpeHHM pyAHHUHMa Bop h Maj- AaHneK. y jy>KHoj Cp6njH ce jaBJba 3AaTO koa CKonjba, y BehHM KOJiHBHHaMa y epyimiBHHM CTeHaMa j.-H. oa KocoBa, rAe ce Ha- »aa3e qyBeHH pvahhah Hobo Bpao h JameBO. y Bochh ce najia3H 3JiaTO y HaHocy pexa Bp6aca, JlaiuBe, 4>ojHnue (npnTOKe BocHe) h PaMe (npuTOKe HepeTBe), am ce Hcnupame 36or Mamx kojih- TOHa He peHTHpa. Cpeopo ce jaBjta o6hhho y Be3H ca oaobom, SaxpoM h 3JiaTOM. HMa ra y hckhm pyAHHiiiHMa ceBepHe Cp6nje, Tatco koa. Kpymba Ha Aomoj Rpmm, y KynajHH y cm. Cp6njH, y Ba6n HcnoA KocMaja h koa Pnawa. Y JyacHoj Cp6njH 6nAa cy HenaA.. BeAHKa HaAa3HuiTa cpe6pa Hobo Bppo, JaweBO, Tpema hctohho oa KocoBcxe MHTpoBHAe h oKOAHHa KpamoBa h dnexnoBa. V Bochh ce jaBJba cpefipo y C pedpmi^n. }Kma ce ao6hb 3 y MarbHM KOAHHHHaMa y Bochh y MauiKapic Kor Fopijber Baxy^a. 7. Co. KaMena co ce pocapa y Harnoj Ot3p6hhh npOH3BOAH cano y kotahhh Cnpe'ie oko i^ome Ty3Ae, rAe -HMa bcahkhx AeamiuTa com. Osa co H36Hja Ha noBpiHHHy y H3BopHMa cAaHe BOAe.. Ob3kbhx H3B0pa HMa neT koj'h Aajy ahcbho BHiue oa 3000 hi c.iane BOAe. 1 hi chap>kh 30 ao 32 kg coah. OmpnAHKe je;«ia TpehHHa KyBa ce y coAapHaMa koa CnMm-XaHa h y Rowoj Ty3jin Koje npon3BOAe roAHimte 15.000 ao 23.000 TOHa coah. OcTaAO ce npepaljyje y coAy y 4)a6pHu,n aMOnnjakOBe coAe y JlyKaBuy koa Ty3Ae. ripon3BOAtba coah koa iFome Ty3Ae Moace ce noBe- hara 6 h3 bcahkhx TeuiKoha. Co ao6hb3mo AaJbe Kao Mopcsy co H3 Mopcxe BOAe. Hama HajBeha MopcKa coAHinia HaAa3e ce koa Caiona (C.iano) Ha Fle- A>emuy. PaA Tpaje oa Maja ao Kpaja OKToSpa. PlopeA ohor HMa jom h MamHx Ha ocTpBy Ilazy h Pa6y. yicvniia »poH3BOAn>a MOpCKC COAH H3HOCH. rOAHUime OKO 11.000 TOHa. 177 8. HaKHHje npoAyKTe KojH ce H 3 H>e Ao 6 njajy: Ha(J)THH eiep, 6 en 3 HH, neTpojiej, b 336 jihh, napacj>nn h t. a- Harnn cy upeAejiH jom HeAOBOJbHO ncnHTHBaHH y noraeAy HaAa 3 HiiiTa Hacjxre, ajiH y HeiH 3 h 3 tho oa (J)a6pHHKe AeJiaTHOCTH. HHAycTpnja je ycAOBJbeHa noAeJiOM paAa, KanuTajiHCTHHKOM opraHH3au;HjOM, nOTponmoM y 3eMJbH h na CTpaHH h mhothm A pyrHM OKOJiHOCTHMa. OHa je y caBpeivteHOM cBeTy 3a nocAeAHAix AepeHHja yBeraKo HanpeflOBaAa h ynHHHAa je Aa cy Ma^ia, npH- MHTHBHa npeAy3eha noTHCHyra, a npOH3BOAiia cacpeljeHa y Be- ahkhm 33B0AHMa. Obh paAe 6p>Ke, o6njiHHje, 6o.A>e h jeKe/ie3Hoj h xencxHAHoj HHAycxpujH. Ca ao- MahHM njiaTHOM rHHy h cbh ocxaAH npon3BOAH KyhHe paAH- hocth Koja ce 36or KOHKypeHixnje HHAycxpncKnx npeAy3efra BHiue ae peHTHpa. Eipouec MO^epHe HHAycxpHjaAH3auHje ce urnpH na CBe cxpaHe H3 CBor H3X0AHinxa y 3anaAHoj h cpeA^oj EBponH. Koa Hac ji,0Jia3H ca c.-3. h c. npewa j.-H. h j. Haj6ojbe. je HanpejoBao y OioBeHHjn h BojBOAHHH, CAa6nje y XpBaxcKoj, CjiaBOHHjH h ce- BepHoj CpSHjn a Hajiviarbe y /lajiMannjH, UjpHoj Popn h jy>KHoj Cp6njH. KpajbeBHHa Cp6a, XpBaxa h C/iOBeHaua je ca^a npeTe>KHO 3eMjbopaaHHHiKHnjnx pyAa h Apyrnx CHpo- bhh 3 3a MexaAyprHCKy, xeMHCKy h xencxHAHy HHAycxpHjy, Kao h 3a HHAycxpHjy HaMHpHHua h ApRexa; noxpe6Ha eHeprHja je o6e36el;eH2 bcahkhm 6oraxcxBOM y yr.x>y h y boaghhm cHaraMa. JloAo>KajeM 3eM.x.e je OMoryheHO, Aa ce jecjm-iHHM boachhm ny- xeBHMa ( 3 a JaApaHCKOM h ErejcKOM Mopy Kao h .ZfyHaBOM) yB03e CHpoBune Koje HeAoexajy h H3B03e ripoH3BOAn. JaquHa Haiue HHAycxpHje MO>Ke ce Haj6oA>e npoue_HHxn no noAauHMa oBor nperAeAa, Kojn je cacxaB„x>eH no H3Beuixajy HHcnex- unje paAa 3a roAHHy 1921. Ha moaocx CAHKa HHje noxnyHa, nornxo HHcy o6yxBaheHa HHAycxpncKa npeAy3eha jeAHor AeAa EeorpaAa, onpyra noApnHCKor, Ba^eBCKor, SeorpaACKor h xpaB- HHHKor Kao h >KynaHHje AHHKO-Kp6aBKe, MOApyuiKO-pnjeHKe, Ba- pa>KAHHCKe, 6eAOBapcK0-KpH>KeBaHCKe, no>KemKe, bhpobhxhhkc, cpeMCKe h rpaAOBa CymaiKAHHa, OcjeKa h 3eMyHa, y KojnM KpajeBHMa 1921. toa- jorn HHcy AejcxBOBaAe HHcneKUHje paAa. Aah nnaK ce H3 OBor nperAeAa bhah: Aa je 6poj npeAy- 3eha ca pynHOM CHaroM asacko Behw oa 6poja npeAy3eha ca motophom CHaroM, Aa ce KaAopuHHa eHeprnja kophcxh Hecpa3- Mepno Biirne Hero BOAeHa h a a je opoj paAHHKa 3anocAeHnx y HHAy- cxpnjn BpAO m3 ah. O a nojeAHHHx rpaHa je no 6pojy paAHHKa 179 Hajjaqa HHnycTpuja naMupHnua ; 3araM A0^a3e rpaljeBHHapcTBO, HHAycTpHja ApBeTa, HHAycTpnja icaMeHa, 3eMjbe h ocxajie rpaHe. no 6pojy kohjCkhx CHara AO.na3H oneT HHnycTpHja HaMnpHHiia Ha npBo MecTO aajieKO Hcnpea, ocTajmx rpaHa: xcmhckc HH,uycTpnje, oSpane MeTa^a, TeKcrajme HHAycrpHje h up. Xla 6 h ciame Harne HHaycTpaje h3;io>khjm luto nornymije, KOpHCTHfeeMO ce noaaiiHMa Koje je r. MmiHiioje M. CaBHh npn, Kynno y cbom nejiy Hama HH&ycTpiija h 3aHaTH, 1. h II. aeo. a) HHflycTpnja HaMiipHiiiia. Kao hi to je Beh na3HaHeHO, 3ay3HMa HHAycTpHja HaMHpHHua npBo MecTO y HHAycTpHCKoj ^eaaTHOCTH CTaHOBHHmTBa name 12 * 180 OraydHHe. Obo je npupOAHa nocAeAHua BeAHicor doraTCTBa 3 eMJbe y 3 eM/bopa 4 HHWKHM npoH 3 BO^HMa. HeiKe y rAaBHOMe 3a noipedy cejbaKa. TprosaHKH mjihhobh paAe 3a noipedy 3eMjbe h 3a H3B03; to cy o6hhho caMO Behn mjih¬ hobh Kojn npoH3BOAe npexo Asa BaroHa dpaurna AHeBHO. Mjih- HOBa cbhx Bpcra hm3 tojihko, Aa 6 h* MOiviH uejiy 3eMajbCKy npo- H3BOAH>y >KHTa npepaAHTH, TaKO na HHje noTpedHO Aa ce H3B03H Kao >khto Beh Kao dpaniHO. CTaae MJiHHapcKe HHAycTpnje HHje jeAHano y cbhm no- KpajiiHaMa. Cpdnja hmh AOBOJbHO mjihhob 3 Aa noAMHpn CBojy noTpedy 3a dpauiHOM, Mowe HeuiTO h H3Becra ajin HHje jom y CTaity Aa npepaAH CBy KOJiHHHHy xtHTa Koje poah y CpdHjH. BojBOAHHa, XpBaTCKa h CjiaBOHHja Mory Aa noAMHpe CBojy no- Tpedy Kao h Aa caMejty CBe >khto Koje npon3BOAe. CjioBeHHja' je y CTaft.y Aa npepaAH BHiue Hero uito joj xpeda 3a ncxpaHy. BocHa h XepueroBHHa, ZJaAMauHja h UpHa Topa HHcy y crafty- Aa caMejby oho uito hm Tpeda 3a ncxpaHy. y Cpdhjn HMa Behnx TproBanKHx mjihhob3: no Tpn y Beo- rpaAy h Hnuiy, Asa y KparyjeBipy, no jeAaH yUpHHhy, Kpajbeey, JlecKOBuy, llpoKynjby, noncapeBuy, CKonjby, 3ajenapy, Manny,. KpymeBuy, npejbHHH, TpCTeHHKy, ypomesuy, Flehn h t. a. Ha noApynjy Bojwnme ; hmh 42 napHa TproBanKa mjihh 3 Kojn npoH3BOAC ahcbho npeKo 2 BaroHa. Ohh caMejby roAHiiifte oko 80.000 BaroHa. HajBehn ce mahhobh na.xase y Hobom CaAy, jJapAH, BeA. BenKepexy, BeA. Khkhhah, FlaHneBy, Bpuipy, IJom- dojby h CeHTH. y XpBamckoj n Cnammijn ce nponsBOAe roAHiiifte y Tp- roBanKHM MJiHHOBHMa oko 45.000 Barona. BehH ce mjihhobh Ha- Aa3e y 3arpedy, Ko.npi-iBHHii,H, KapAOBiiy, BeAOBapy, TbypljeBiiyv RjiaHeny, Hobom PpaAy, rpydHUiHOM Flojby, KAonnapy, CncKy, Bnpjy, Canodopy, KpaaceBAHMa, JlyAdpery, OcnjeKy, C. BpoAy, MiiTpoBHHH, Cb. HBaH >KadHy h BeA, HHcaHHpH. y CnoBemjn nocToje TproBanKH mahhobh y Kpaity, Jap- 181 maiia. Uejby, (flBa), Mapnoopy (ABa), CpeAmirry, IlTyjy, Hobom M ecTy h JIoM>KajiaMa. Boom n XepyezoBHHa HMajy Behe napHe MnunoBe y Buje- JbHHH, B. TpaAHLUKH, XpBahaHHHy, Marnajy, Ko3apuy, HeTpoBpy, BnnAxopcTy, Behe BOAennue y Bmxahy, CapajeBy, Oopy, Bapemy H 3BOpHHKy. y HajiMau,njn je HajBehn m/imh y CnnHTy. U,pm Topa HeMa TproBaHKnx mjihhob3 . Mjihhobh pa^e Tpn Bpcxe Spauma h y3 to Menm-be, Kpn3, xamy h jbymTe jenaM, npoco h rmpHHam 2. np0H3B0flH>ct cyrnena n aenena mecma. ripoH3BOAtba cyrneaa Terra (MaKapoHa h pe3aHaqa) Kao h iieneHor Terra (6 hckbht 3, KeKca) je caaa TeK y noHeTtuiMa. MaKapOHH ce pa^e y 4>a6pnKaMa y Beorpany (nee), y Och- jeiKAHHy, Hobom Cany, y CruiHTy (Ase) h y ZjySpoBHHKy (ABe). npOH3BOAn obhx 4>a6pHKa 3 a caAa He .Mory KOHKypncaTH ca a me hep a. y KpajbeBHHH nocToje ocaM (j)a6pHKa mehepa h to y Beo- rpaAy, TiynpHjn, OcHjeKy, UpBeHnum, Bpdacy, B. BeHKepeny, ycoph H BpafeHHOM Bpxy 1 ). npOH3BOAHt>a obhx cfiaSpHKa rioBehaea ce H3 roAHHe y roAHHy, anH OHe join HHcy Aorrarne CBoj Kana- UHTeT, jep neMa AOBOJbHo pene. 1922. toa- Hama np0H3B0Ama mehepa HHje Omaa y CTamy Aa noAMHpn hh 1 j 2 noTpe6e. (haopriHRa npepaAa mehepa pa3BHja ce ynopeAwo ca npo- H3BOAmoM mehepa. HMa oko 20 npeAy3eha noja roAHmme npe- paljyjy oko 350 BaroHa mehepa. 4 . npepapci Meca. noTpe6a Aa ce 3aKnaHa ctokh npeB03H ao yA^JbeHHx tp>kh- mTa AonpuHe^ia je pa3BHTKy HHAyrrpHje npepaAe Meca. Ben.iKe K,aaHHu,e h (JiadpuKe 3 a cymeme Meca (canaMe) cy ycTpojeHe y Beo- rpaAy, MAaAeHOBity, Ben. rinam-i, JaroAHHH, KapncAOpcfiy, Bpmuy. r Hobom CaAy, Cy6oTHijH, 3arpe6y, neTpmbH, BenoBapy, 3anpe- 9 BapatbaBap. 182 uiHhy, LLiHAy, 3eMyHy h Mapn6opy. OBe HiiCTa.aanuje y KojH.na je 3anocaeHO orapHJiHKe AeceT xHJbaaa paAHHKa, Mory roAnmihe Aa npepaAe oko 700.000 CBHita 3 a H3B03. 5. Mspapa K0H3episn op pnoe, Meca, Boha n nosphci. PhOojiob Ayw AajiMaraHCKHx o6ajia ctbopho je Behn 6poj npeAy3eha Koja H3paljyjy uoH3epBe op pma. 1922 . toa. paAHAa je CBera ocaM a HHje y CTaity Aa noAMHpH noTpeOy 3eMJbe. HHAycTpwja Komepon op Meca n noispha ce Han/io pa3Bnja, nouiTO y 3eMJbii HMa noTpeOHnx cnpoBHHa y 3HaTHHM kojih- HHHaMa.'j y CpSajH h Bochh Moraa 6h mn>ma 6hth n3Bop 3H3Thhx H3Bopa Aa je h3hhh cymeiba mjbHBe ycaBpmeH. a6pHKe 3 a npe- paAy Boha cy y GraHOBHHW koa KparyjeBpa, AnexcHHuy, Cjexoe- UHMa (BocHa), CapajeBy, BpnKOM, Map«6opy, BpXHHKH, fhyjy, 3arpe6y, Hobom CaAy h Ap. h Mory Aa npepaAe caMO He3Ha- TaH Aeo yxynHe npoH3BOAtt>e BohapcTBa. y nocaeAtte cy BpeMe y Moay (Banna) h y CvOothah ocHOBaHe ABe caBpeMeHe Beniixe cf)a6pHKe 3 a n3paAy KOH3epBR oa Meca, Boha h noBpha. 6. Thump am mpycmpuja. llHBapcKa ce HHAycTpnja y HaiiiHM 3eMJbaMa TeuiKO pa3Bnja, jep HHje Morjia Aa KOHxypHme ca nemiKHM h HenanKHM nHBOM.. Meinxe h HeManxe nHBape cy 6nne y MHoro noBOA>HnjHM . okoji- HOCTHMa: HMajie cy Ay>K'e HcxycTBo, 6n,ne cy ojinxce Haj6ojbHM cnpoBHHaMa, neuiKOM xMejby h MopaBcxo cjiob3hkom HajOojbeM jenny h HMaae cy y 6 jih3hhh (jjaSpnxe nHBapcKHx noerpojefba,. CTaKJia h 6ypaAH. y Cp6njH cy 6njie npnanKe noBOJbHHje, nomTO cy nHBape 6hac napHHCKH 3auiTHheHe. Flocjie yjeAHH>enba je OBa 3auiTHTa npouinpeHa na peny 3eMA>y h nnBapcKa je HHAycTpiija. Morna HanpeAOBaTH. llHBape nocToje no ABe y BeorpaAy, 3ajenapy, Mhtpobhuh, OcnjeKy h MapnOopy, no jeAna y JaroAHHH, Hnuiy, DaHneBy, B. Benxepexy, BpafbeBy, AnaraHy, CTapoM Benejy, KyjiH, Me6y, Ty3Jin, Capajesy, llpjenany koa Baite Jlyxe, Oionuy, Focnnhy, 3arpe6y, CHCxy, XfySoBuy koa KapjioBua, KpmxeBUHMa, flapy- Bapy, HoBoj TpaAHinKH, lleTpoBapaAHHy, Kpan>y, JbySjbaHH, JTaui- kom Tpry, HHKiuHhy h njbeBjbaivia. MoIihoct npoH3BOAH>e obhx nuBapa je oko 600.000 hi. a notpouifba h3hoch oko 1 mhjihoh hi. 183 7 . ripon3Bomci Katfiemtx upn.ueca n 3aMena. y 3eMJbn riocToje xpn (})a6pHRe 3a H3paAy natjjeHHx 3aiueHa h to y 3arpe6y, Jby6jbaHn h KaMHHKy. OHe npepaljyjy boao- nnjy-UHKopHjy Koja ce npoH3BOAH y BehHM ROAHHHHaMa y Be- AOBapcKoj HcynaHHjH, mehepHy peny, cmokbe, cjian, h nnpHHan. npoH3BOAK>a je Beha oa noTpeQe 3eMA>e, TaKO Aa CToje H3BecHe roahhhhc Ha pacnojio>Kefty 3a H3B03. 8 . Mneiaipcka mpycmpHja. Macro ce npepalyyje y ueaoj 3eMjbH y MJieHHe npoH3Boae h ohh cy npeAMeT yHyipauifee h cnojbHe TproBHHe. npepaljyje ce MAH OBHe H K03je, HAH OBHe H K03je nOMemaHO ca RpaBJbHM HAH HHCTO KpaBA^e MACRO. Cpfinja, UpHa Topa, BocHa, XepueroBHHa a Banna H3pa- byjy y rAaBHOM npoH3BOAe H3 hhctot hah noMemaHor OBner MAena, a XpBaTCKa, CAaBOHHja h Bapai-ta H3 KpaBA>er MA>eKa. y CpSiijn ce H3pal]yjy KajMaK, cnp, KannaBaA), a y MaitHM KOAHnHHaME M8CAO, H TO y BehHM ICOAHHHHaMa y OKpy3HMa y>KHn- kom, nanaHCROM, CMenepeBCKOM, cpe3y cjeHHHROM, OKpy3HMa Bpait- CKOM, HHLUKOM, nHpOTCROM, KyMaHOBCKOM, 6peraaHHHROM, 6h- TOJbCKOM'H npH3peHCKOM. Oa OBHX npOH3BOA3 H3B03H Ce Haj- BHtue KankaBaA), h to npeno CoAyna. llpna Topa npon3BOAH 3H3THe koahhhhc CHpa, MacAa h KajManay 0Kpy3HM3 ROAaiHHHCROM, aHApHjeBHHROM H HHKUIHhCKOM. y XpnamcKoj h CnaBonnjn nocTojH BehH 6poj 3aApy>RHHx MAenapa (npe paTa 63) Koje npoH3BOAC cnp (TpariHCT) h Macao. 3HaTHe KOAHHHHe H3B03e .ce y HeManxy, AycTpHjy, MeiuKy h Ma- Ijapcny. y Bochh m XepneeoBHHH H3paljyjy cnp (obhh) 3a BeAHRy TproBHHy y nAaHHHH BAamnhy h y nAaHHHaMa oko Bnxaha, JlnBHa, BaaMona, PoraTHue h Ap. y BanKoj je nyBeHa npOH3BOAft>a cnpa oa OBner MAena, 3BaHor coM0opcKH cap Koja ce paAH y CoM6opy h H3B03H y BehHM KOAHHHHaMa. Bapawa npepa^yje noraaBUTo KpaBjbe macro y Macao, noje ce H3B03H totobo y CBe cpeAH^e-SBponcKe 3eM./be. HajBeha MAe- xapa H3A33H ce y BeAOMMaHacTHpy 1 ) na aphobhom HMaity BhajC 2 ); OHa je y CTaffey Aa npepaAH 45.000 AHTapa MAexa Ha ash h /;a H3paAH AHeBHO 1600 nrp Macaa. 0 nenwoHOLUTop. — 2 ) Be/be. 184 9 . ripoiisBOnwa ajvwxojia, ojikoxojihhx nnf>a, eceiiiptju n yjba. BejiHKa KOJiHHHHa arpapHnx npoH3BOAa 3eMJbe OMoryhHJia je ocHHBaite h pa3BHjahbe HHAycipuje a^Koxojia h ajiKoxojiHHx nHha. Ajikoxoji ce npon3BOAH y cbhm noKpajHHaivia, ceM UpHe I'ope h ilajiMapuje. Hivia 7 bcahkhx h h Ay crp h c k h x h 70 Mattux noAjonpHBpeAHHx cjiaOpiiKa. OHe npepal^yjy MeAacy, KyKypy3 hah mehepHy peny h y erai-ty cy Aa np0H3B0Ae 370.000 xeKTOAHTapa Ha roAHHy. OBa ce HHAycTpHCKa rpaHa ctbaho pa3BHja ocHHBaibeM HOBHX 4)a6pHKa. Oa ajiKOXomnx unha npon3BOA6 ce h Tpome y seivijbH hhbo, bhho, paKHja, AHKep, pyM, KOhbaK h t. a. C/raite nHEapcmna Beh cmo h3ao>khah. npouBBOAiba miHa je TaKolje Beh Ha3HaneHa koa BHH orpaAapCTBa. ToMe 6 h TpeSajio caMO jom AOAara Aa H3BecHH BHHorpaAapcKH KpajeBH npon3BOAe bhh 3 Koja ce Aajy npepHAHTH y maMnaftaa, 3a iuto nocroje ABe cjiaOpHKe, y BapawAHiiy h Hobom CaAy. Paia y Ao6pHM roAHHaMa cicopo AeceT nyra ueha. Yjbe ce paAH na Bpjio npHMHTHBaH HauHH, Te je HenoAecHO 3a 113B03. MaKOBO h cesaMOBO yjbe paAe y 3H3 thhm KOAHiHHaivia y oupysiiMa 6perajIHHUKOM, CKOnCKOM, THKBeiUKOM H KyMaHOBCKOM H TO caMO y Ma.niM paAHOHuuaMa. y*e penimuHO npon3BOAH ce y XpnaT- CKOj H CjiaBOHHjH, CAOBeHHjH H BojBOAHHH KOje HMajy HeKOAHKO BeAHKHx 4>a6pHKa (B. BeuicepeK, 3arpe6, KonpuBHupa, Ikvioisap, Bapa>KAHH, KpuAceBUH, Bphtob) h bcahkh 6poj yjbapHHpa. 185 10. np0H3B0ffwa aySana. Hum, CapajeBo, Mocrap, Bama JlyKa, TpaBHHK, 3arpe6, f Cem, JBy6jbaHa h noaropHya cy cpeamiiTa npoH3Boame ayBaHa h HMajy cbh no jeany 4>a6pHiKH Kao npOfjlHJiaKTHHHO Cpe^CTBO IipOTHB Oojiecra BH- HOBe JI03e H CTOKe. Cbc HaseaeHe c|)a6pHKe cy y era my, aa npepaae 7 mhjihoh 3 KHJiorpaMa ayBaHCKHx jmcTOBa, to jecT orapHJMKe ynynaH >kct- BeHH npHHOC 3e.MJbe. 6) TeKCTHJJHa HHflycTpiija. 3 . Ilpepapa Komujbe n nam. Hpepaaa KOHonjbe h JiaHa npeacraBtfea Hajpa3BHjeHiijy rpaHy TCKCTHJiHe HH^ycTpuje Hauie OTaySnue, Koja npoH3Boan roanmibe OTnpHiUHKe 210.000 q KOHonjbe h 80.000 q JiaHa. OBa KOJmiHHa He 6n 6 hji a AOBOJbHa aa 3ariocjm nopea KyhHe payHHOCTii n CBa npeay3eha Koja ce 6aBe npepaaoM Kyaejbe n JiaHa, aKO OBa paae iiopwajiHO. JXamc nocToje y Hamoj 3eM.ibH oko 40 cjia6pHKa Koje npe- patyyjy KOHonjby n jiam HajBajKtmje cy: y JlecKOBiry, CBHJiajHuy, BpamcKoj Bamn, Ocnjeicy, KpnxKeBUHMa, Hobom Bp6acy (aBe), Bany (aBe), MnjieTHhy (aBe), 06ojiapy, CTapoj najiaHpn, Boro- jeBy>), BaaancjiaBUHMa (aBe), ByKOBapy, OyarpiMa, Meciejiepy 2 ), Hobom Caay n Fpocynjby. OBa je HHaycipncKa rpaHa, aakvie, HajBHine 3acTynjbeHa y BojBoanHH h CeBepnoj Cp6njn. YbynHa norpomma (J)a6pHKa H3HOCHJia je nocjieamnx roanHa oko 150.000 q Kyaejbe h 3000 q JiaHa. Kyhna HHaycTpnja y BanKoj npepaljyje roanmme oko 60.000 q Kyaejbe n Jiana n oko Hnma, JlecKOBqa n Bpame oko 10.000 q. y>KapHHixe y 3arpe6y, Kpamy h ap. npepaljyjy oko 12.000 q Kyaejbe, npeanomme n TKaoimpe y Hobom Caay, OyapnMa, Ocn- jeivy h ./IecKOBuy oko 30.000 q Kyaejbe n 3000. q JiaHa. 2. npepapci By He. HuaycTpnja je Txama ByHe npeacraBJbeHa y Hamoj 3eMJbn ■cjjaQpHKaMa y Beorpaay, JlecKOBuy, FpyejmirH, KyjiH n Bama Jlypn. C.aoBeHiija n .Ua-iMaynja HMajy TaKotje hckojiuko MaibHx npeay- i) Fom6olu. — 2 , HecTfeJieic. 186 3eha. CBe pacno,/ia>Ky ca 18.000 BpeieHa h 350 pa36oja Te Mory Mecenno aa napaae 100.000 MeTapa naie noTpeOe Bojcne (oko 2,000.000 MeTapa roanunne). flpe^HOHnife y AnaraHy, BennKOM BenKepeKy, CpeMcaoj Mh- tpobhuh, BiiHKOBUHMa h OcjeKy npepaljyjy ByHy npBeHCTBeHO 3a TpnKOTajKy Koja je 3acTyna.ena cj)a6pnKaMa y 3arpe6y, Beorpaay H Jby6jhSLHH. CapajeBO hmb jeaHy paanoHHuy hnnHMOBa, aoja npoH3BoaH roanunte 6000 KOMaaa. 4>a6pnKe TKaHHHa y Ben. BennepeKy h y BaHaTy npon3Boae roammt>e oko 8000 KBaaparanx MeTapa pas- mix mmnnna. rinpomcKn hnjiHMOBH cy npon3Boa KyhHe paanHOc ™'kojiim ce Cp6n c npaBOM noHOce. rjycmene meuinpe paae (J)a6pnKe y IJoMOojby (ase), Ky./in n Bpinuy. J/KynHa roaHimta npon3Boaifca h3hoch oko 6,000.000 rnemHpa. / 3. npepapa uaMym. HuaycTpnja naMyKa je y Hainoj OTayOnHH 3acTynn>eHa ca 120.000 BpeTeHa h 3000 pa36oja. IAiaBHe ce npeanoHHpe Haaa3e y TpjKHhy, JIhthj'h, Zjyroj PecH h Hinny. HajBehe TKaoHiipe cy y Xtyroj Pecn, Cb. PlaBny Koa PIpe6ojiaa, TpjKnfcy, Jlnrajn, Hniny, JlecKOBuy, y>KHny h Beorpaay. CBe oBe e no- •rpe6e Bojcne Kojoj Tpe6a roanunfee oko 10 Mnnnona. aHH h 3arpe6y nocToje cj)a6pHKe naMyminx napana; yxynna npoH3Boafoa je oko 2. MnanoHa napn roanunte. 4. npOH3BopH>a mine. Kpaa.eBHHa Cp6a, XpBaTa h CnoBenaua CTojn y noraeay npon3Boatt>e CBHae Ha TpeheM MecTy y EBponn. 4>a6pnKe cy ap>KaBHe h nana3e ce y riaHneBy, Hobom Caay u Typcnoj Ka- hh>kh. OHe nspaljyjy canny H3 Hay pa CBnneHe 6y6e, noOnBeunx y seMJbH. Cymeine nay pa Bprnn ce y Cy6oraaH, CoMSopy, Ha- aaHUH, BpSacy, CTapoM Benejy, TnTeny, Hobom Caay, Benni< 0 M BeMKepeny, flaHneBy, Benoj UpKBH, KoBHHy h Ha nosy. 187 <£>a6pHKa y BlaHqeBy npoH3Bo'pn H3 50.000 iKH 8.700 Krp.. cupoBe CBHAe n3 35.000 Krp. qaypa. H3paljeHa cbhah npopaje ce oa CTpaHe pp>K3Be HajBehHM AeAOM Ha 6ep3H CBHAe y LJ,Hpnxy, caiwo ce oko 30.000 Krp. npe- paljyje y HepaBHO ocHOBaHoj tk30hhph cbhac y jt>y6p>aHH. 5. Koympcm maycmpnja. lUuiaBibeH>e h xpoMOBawe noma je Ao6po pa3BwjeHO y na- moj OTap6nHH, hah HHje y crafty a a nopivmpyje noTpeAy 3a CBe BpcTe KO>Ke. Haj6oA.e je OBa HHpycrpHja 3aciynA>eHa y CpoBe- hhj'h, nocAe y XpBaTCKoj h CraBOHHjH, BoJboahhh, flaAMapHjH, Bochh h XepperoBHHH. OaOpHKe ce naAa.3e y C/iOBeunjn : (HajBehe oa 30 nx), y Jby6A.aHH, Kpatty, UIoimaBy, TpHcuhy, riTyjy, Mapn6opy, Ko- ttupy, Caob. rpapepy h CMapTHOM npH JlHTtfjn, y XpBamawj h Cnmomjn: y 3arpe6y, ToptfeHM KapAOBpHiwa, Ocjexy, Bhhkob- PHMa, Bapa>KAHHy, ByKOBapy, 3eMyHy n CyinaKy, y Boj^opmn: y CoM6opy h FlaHqeBy; y Hanma^ijn: y CriAHTy h ,H,y6poBHHKy; y Cp6njn: y BeorpaAy, Hnuiy, KparyjeBpy, Flpn3peHy h flHpoTy; y Bochh : y CapajeBy. IlopeA obhx cj)a6pHKa nocrojH y CBaxoj noKpajHHH 3H3Ta.H 6poj KO»capa 3aHaTAnja. a6pnKe H3paljyjy KO>Ke, Kao IjOHOBe, OpaHCOA, jyxT, bhkc- AeAep, 6a3hk h to y poBOJbHoj koambkhh, a y MattHM koahph- HaMa rueBpo h 6okc. JlaKOBaHa, npecoBana h 6p0H30BaHa kojka ce koa Hac He H3paljyje. 3a CBe OBe (jfadpHKe y 3cma>h HeMa aoboa>ho ctipoBune roBeljHx h TeAehHx Koaca, Koje ce Mopajy yB03HTH ca CTpaHe. yxyriHa npon3BOpfta 3eMJbe obhx KO>Ka H3HOCH oko 400.000 ko- MaAa, t. j. ompHAHKe jepHa qeTBpTHHa KanapHTeTa cbhx Kowap- ckhx <})a6pHKa. Kaxo je yB03 chpobhx KO*a capa nocAe paTa po- cra xe>KaK, npepaljyjy cjfaOpHKe capa h 3naTne KOAHqriHe obbux H K03jHX KOAH orpoMHa, jep cy y Cp6ffjn KajHum roTOBo cbh ynponatuheHH y paTy, to je OBe 6pHKe He MOry nOAMHpHTH H 3H3THC ce KOAHPHHe MOpajy yB03HTH. 188 HHAycmpnja o6yhe je s 3acTyrubeHa caMO y hckhm noKpajn- HaMa. <£>a6pnKe nodoje: neT y Tpxoihy, no jezma y JbygjbanH, Mo3npjy, Jby6Hy, Mapn6opy, KapAOByy, Bezi. BenKepeuy, Bpmyy, CyOoTHiyi, CTapoM Benejy n 3arpe6y. MecenHa npoH3BOAfta obhx (J)a6pnKa je cazia oko 150.000 napn, ihto Hnje aoboa>ho Aa noA- Mnpn noTpefiy 3a (JiaSpnnKOM o6yhoM, Te ce BeAiiKe koahmhhc ■o6yhe yB03e norAaBnxo H3 AycTpnje h HexocAOBanKe. OOyhapcKH 3aHar je pa3BnjeH no pezioj 3eivubH. CapaHKO-ceA/iapcm po6a npoH3BOAH ce oa CTpaHe AOMaher 3aHaia y ziOBOJbHoj koahhhhh. YBoiKeHa cy ca.MO eHrAecua ceAAa n ocTazin 4)hhh jaxahn npn6op. B) KOBHHCKa HHAyCTpHja. KoBHHCKa ce HHAycTpnja y Hauioj OTayOnHn zieno pa3Bnja; no, OHa ca CBojnM noTpeOaMa ne wome j\a noAMupn noTpeOe 3eMJbe Ma Aa hmb aoboa>ho cupoBHHa, HaponnTO aKezie30, 3AaTO, cpe6po n UHHK. 1 . yKenesna HHaycmpnja. Ci-ipoBO >Kejie30 npoH3BOAH ce y Bapeuiy y Bochh h y lle- TpoBoj Topn y XpBaTCKoj. y Bapeuiy nocToje nopeA AoSpo ype- tjeHor pyAHHKa xKejie3a 3a H3paAy KOBHor >xe- Jie3a n neAHKa, a Apyra ahcbho 3,7 BaroHa cnpoBor *:eAe3a 3a uHBeu>e hah 5,5 BaroHa cnpoBor MapTHHOBor >xeAe3a 3a H3paAy KOBHor xra y TonycKOM. BncoKa yeh y BeuiAHiiyy, CBojima jeAHor 6eAmicKor .ApyuiTBa, oOycTaBHAa je 1912. toa- paA; OHa Hnje Be3aHa >KeAe3- HiiyoM. H BHCOKa neh y TonycKOM, xoja je CBojima jeAHor Ma- l^apCKor ApyuiTBa, He paAH, noiuTO HeMa apbchof yivba. Kana- yiiTex bhcokhx nehn y IleTpoBoj fopH HHje no3HaT. Kobho )Kene30 n nejinii npoH3BOAH ce y Bapeuiy h 3eHnyn y Bochh Kao h y JeceHHyaMa, PaBHax (Tyim-ait) h LUrope koa U ezba y CAOBeHHjn. Bapeui nivia ABe KynoAHe nehn 3a AHBeu>e Koje H3paljyjy 5000 Krp. AHBa 3a caT. MaKCHMaAHa npOH3BOAu>a je 670 BaroHa roAuuiu.e. OBa AHBHHya H3paijyje: CTy6oBe, CTynye 189 3a orpape, 6aiuTeHCKe KJiyne, peBH 3 a boapboac, nehn h CBe- CTBapn ,/iHBeHe no xaayny h ppTeacy. Senni^a HMa TpH MopepHe nehn MapranoBe ca no 15 toh 3 KanaunTera, Tpn nehn 3 a Bapeme n BajbaBHpy 3 a aKeae3a y uinnKaMa n cjjacoHOBaHor 2834 Ba- roHa, Bajbaae xmpe 151 BaroH, TpanHupe 3 a pyAOKone 40U Ba- rona. >Kejie30 je Bpjio po6por KBajimeTa. Kano je Hama noT- pomma y BperaMa xxejie3a, 750 Barona jiHMa, 180 BaroHa ne^HHHnx hchhhhx koho- napa h 30 BaroHa KJiHHapa 3 a pnnejie. 3a obo My je noTpe6HO oko 8750 BaroHa cnpoBor n CTapor »cejie3a, Koje yB03H HajBehnM AejiOM ca CTpaHe. Ilocjie paTa Hnje motjio pa H3papH hh ne™ Aeo cbot KanapnTeTa, CTora mTO Hnje Moma Ha6aBHTH hh ao- BOJbHO yrjba hh cnpoBor >xejie3a. 4>a6pHK0 y Pcumcix (ryurram, CjiOBeHnja) H3paljyje hcjihk, n to: nypjiOBaHor 218 BaroHa, Ba- peHor y JiOHPHMa 150 BaroHa n MapTHHOBor ne/iHKa 177 BaroHa. HMa Ase MapraHOBe nehn, Tonnomipy qejinKa, aejinKe neAHHHe npece 3a H3paAy JKejieaHHx pe,/ioBa 3 a jiokomothbc h BaroHe n 3 a H3paAy ocoBHHa 3 a xo^a. 3a BpeMe paaa je licKHBajia rpaHaTe n mpanHejie. 4>a6pnKa y LUmope y 6;ih3hhh Lje^a HMa jepHy MapraHOBy neh n H3pal)yje ropHmme oko 1800 BaroHa >Kejie3a y mnnKaMa h 115 BaroHa AHBeHe po6e. HHAycTppja >iKejie3He KOHCTpyKpnje n t. a- M Xpsamcm HMa Behn 6poj cj)a6pHKa Koje npOH3Bope kotjiobc, nehn oa mua , OoAJfeHKaBy jKnpy, naeTeny Mpoxy, excepe, KJiHHpe, 6paBe, OKOBe, no/bonpHBpeAHe MamHHe h cripaBe, KpoBHe h Apyre KOnerpyK- pnje, 3aBpTe h HaBpTe, 33KHBKe (HHTHe), Typnnje, MamnHe, mo- Tope, ayTOMoSmie (JyrocjiOBeHCKa HHpycTpHja MoTopa A- fl- 3a- rpe6), ejieKTpHHHe Mamnne („HTec“, KapaoBap) h AP- HajBa>KHnje 190 paflHOHHue y Cp6njn 3a npepa^y >Kejie3a cy BOjHo-TexHHMKH 33B0A y KparyjeBuy h >Kejbe3HHqxe paAHOHHije y Hmiiy. Eocna iiMa >KeJie3HHHKe pa/i,HOHHue y CapajeBy h MocTapy h paAHO- HHuy nojbonpHBpeAHHX cnpaBa y KpeiueBy. y Bojn '/mhh nodoje Malta npeay3eha Koja H3pafjyjy jKejbe3HH HaMeuiTaj, ejieKTpHHae MauiHHe, no.'bonpHBpeflHe cnpaBe h t. a . 2. nponsBOpwa 3Jiammx n cpeGpennx mpapa. 3^aTO h cpe6po npepa^yjy ce 3aHaTAHCKH y uejioj 3eMJbH a HHAycTpHCKH caMO y 3arpe6y, Uejby h CapajeBy. y 3aepe6y nocTojn (jia6pnKa Koja ce 6aBH H3ABajatt>eM Aparor MeTajia H3 crapoKH h HaKma, H3paAOM CBHjy BpcTa jie- rype h pa3He xtHue h ahmb 3a 3Jiaiape h 3y6He TexHHqape. 4>a6pnKa y Ijeiby paflH 3JiaTHe, cpe6pHe, ryjia h Ay6^e jiaHqeBe, 3H3THy OnwytapcKy po6y, 3Aarae h cpeOpeHe Kyraje 3a uHrapeTe. PaAHOHnua 3A3THHX h cpe6pHnx CTBapH y CapajeBy H3pa- Ijyje pa3He 3-raTHe, cpeOpHe h MeTa/ine npeAwere. 3. npou3Bopiba Mspapa op u,nma. y Haiuoj OiayOHHH hm3mo jeAHy TonnoHHiiy ukhio y HeJty (J],p>KaBHa U,HHia mamma. Kao MaiepHja 3a qHiteite (iHTaB/beite) Koaca CKynjbajy ce: pyj, uimuapKa, xpacroBa, KecTeHOBa, joBOBa h GMpqeBa Kopa. Pyj ce CKynjba y 3HaTHHM KOAHHHHaMa CByrae y okoahhh Me- CTa rae nocTojn iKapcKH 3aHaT, a 3a H3B03 caMO y UpHoj TopH h y pHjeqKO-MOApymKoj JKynaHujn. Pyj caap>KH 10-20% TaHHHa. FjiaBHH npoH3Bo%q n h3bo3hhk uinmapKe je CAaBOHuja. IlimiiapKa mm3 24—35% TaHHHa. y npujeAopy. Baitoj JIyu,H h B. FpaAHiuKH npoH3BOAe xpa- ciaoBy Kopy h H3B03e je y HTajiHjy. H 3 CaoBeHHje H3B03e ycHT- ifaCHO uecmeHOBO ppeo. EKcmpanm sa uimaBSbewe ce Hapaljyje y XpBaTCKoj h CAa- .BOHHjn h to y BeAHinhy, CymHHH, 'Bypl^enoBuy, Mhtpobhuh h 191 >Kvnaibn xpacTOB eKrpaKT ca 25—50% TannHa h y CucKy ia6pHKa y 3arpe6y npo3BOAn roAHinibe 25 BaroHa koao- Maaa, 30 Mac™ 3a quinhetbe h 20 Mac™ 3a ooyhy. OHa y Och- jeKy 650 Barona KOAOMa3a, 70 Mac™ 3a qmnhefce, 42 Macra 3a o6yhy h t. a- Matba npe^y3eha y BeorpaAy, Hmuy h t. a. npoH3BOAe ko- ,aoMa3 h MacT 3a mimherbe. Macrajio h nAaBHAO 3a py6.>be paan TBopHirua Macmaa h xeMHKajiHja y 3arpe6y. 3. ripoH3Boahba nampana h weaoBa npepapa. KaipaH KaMeHor yr,/ba ce koa nac npon3BOAn Kao y3rpeAHH npoH3BOA koa npoH3BOAH3e raca sa ocBeTAefce rpaAOBa (BeAo- Bap, BpOA, Uejbe, KonpnBHnu,a, KpimeBUH, JBy6A,aHa, OcnjeK, MapnOop, Cyooraua, Hobh Ca#, ByKOBap, Bhhkobhh, 3arpe6, IlaHqeBO, CapajeBO h Ciiaht) h to yKynHO 207 Barona. KaTpaH KaMeHor yrA-a ce npepaljyje (AecraAnrue) y (j)a6pH- KaMa y 3arpe6y h CapajeBy. 06e npon3BOAe cmoav h noTpe6He AecTHAaie 3a KpoBHy AeneHKy. 4. npoH3Bopwa caayna n CBeha. BeAnia iKHZlllfa. y 3eMjbn HMa neT (})a6pHKa >KHrnua h to y OcujeKy, Bp6oB- ckom, ZloApy (Bocna), Bp6acy (Banna) h Pyiuy (CAOBeHuja). One 192 H3pal)yjy tojihko, jpa je noxpe6a y 3eMJbH noAMHpeHa. 3a npo- H3BOAft>y ApBana h Kyxnja ce y3HMa apbo j'obobo h xononoBo. IIomoIihh MaxepnjaA iop, eraKjieHO 6paniHO h ad. MOpa ce yB03Hxn. 6. npon3Bonwa 6apyuca n eKCvui03ma. y 3eMJbH nocToje ABe OapyxaHe, h to y KaMHuny (Cjiobc- HHja) w y 06njinheBy (Cp6nja). IlopeA obhx OTsapa ce $a6pnKa „TnxaHHX“. y KaMHHKy ce paAH upm-i 6apyx, (pHXHJb h abh3moh. Oa rioTpeSHHx CHpoBHHa ctojh y seMJbH Ha pacnojiojKefty caMO Ap- , BeHH yrajb; ocxa.no ce Mopa yB03nxn. nojioxcaj OBe SapyxaHe, HeAaJiexo oa HxanHjaHCKe h aycxpncKe rpa.HHu;e, je Bpjio He3roAaH. HHCxanaipije 6apyTaHe OSminheBO cy pa3pymeHe npe no- BJiaqeft.a 1915. toa- CaAa ce onpaBA>ajy 3rpaAe h HaMeuiTajy MauiHHe. PaAHbe ce ppnH h 6e3AHMHH 6apyT. a) BeAHKa xeMHCKa HHAycTpuja. BejiHKa xeMHCKa HHAycxpnja je y Harnoj OxayOHHH 3acxyn- jbeHa (J)a6pHKaMa coAe, cyMnopHe KfjceAHHe, npeAy3ehnMa 3a npepaAy SayKCHxa h 3a H3paAy BemxanKor ljy6peTa. OBe ce (pa- 6pHKe Hajiase y JlyKaBpy (BocHa), XpacHHKy (GnoBeHHja), Ko- npHBHHU,H (XpBaTCKa), Cy6oTHUH, y Mocxax koa ZbyPjbaHe h y Uejby. y JlykaBuy nocxojH BejiHKa (paOpHKa coAe, HaxpujeBa 6a- Kap6oHaxa h HaxpHjeBa xHApaxa, Koja je y cxaity Aa H3paAn ro- AHiuifce oko 2400 BaroHa aMOHHjaK coAe, 350 BaroHa KaycxnnHe coAe h 120 BaroHa nncxor 6HKap6oHxaa. aHnx 6oja h Ap. e je roAHmite 1000 Ba- rona cyMnopue KHceAHHe n 3000 BeiuxaMKor pyOpexa. 193 (f'aSpHKa y Mocmax npepaljyje OayKCHT h npoH3BOAH 500 BaroHa ajiyMHHHjeBa OKCH^a, no;iynpoH3BOA sa Ao6Hjaft>e ajiy- MHHHjyMa. XlpjKaBHa nuHKapHa y U,ejby npoH3BOAH 250 BaroHa cyMnopHe KHcejiHHe h n^aBH KaMeH. MHore cnpoBHHe Koje cy noTpeSHe obhm (J)a6pHKaMa, mo- pajy ce yB03HTn ca erpaHe, a npoHSBOAH ce bcjibkhm acjiom He Tpouie y 3eMJbn, Te hx Mopajy h3B03hth h to HajBume y AycTpHjy^ HeManKy, Ma^apcny h TpCT. Aah Kano ce CBe HHAycrpncKe rpaHe y Hamoj 3eMJbH Harjio pa3BHjajy, H3BecHo je, Aa he ce h noTpouiina npoH3BOAa BejiHKe xeMHCKe HHAycTpnje 3H3tho noBehara. tj ) EneKrpo-xeMHCKa HHAycTpiija EjieKTpo-xeMHCKa HHAycTpuja je 3acTynjbeHa ca nerapn Be- jiHKe (J)a6pHKe y Jajpy (BocHa), y XtyroM PaTy koa OMHina, IIIh- 6eHHKy h Pywy koa MapnOopa. a6pHKa y Jajuy npOHSBOAH Kap6HA, (jjepocHJiHHHjyM, (jjepo- MaHraHCHminijyM, xjiopHH Kpen, H3TpnjeB xHApaT, TpnxAopeTHAeH h TeTpax^opeiaH. a6pHKa HCKopHmhyje naAOBe pexe BL/iHBe koa H. eHor yToxa y Bp6ac h AoSnja oko 10.000 kobbckhx CHara. $a6pHKe y RyzoM Pamy koa Omhiub h y UlndemKy cy CBojHHa HTajmjaHCKor ApymTBa „Cy(j)HA“ h paAHJie cy npe paTa roAHuiHbe oko 6000 BaroHa Kap6HAa, KopHCTehn BOAeHy CHary UeTHHe. Ca^a He pa^e, jep ce npon3BOAn>a KapSHAa He peHrapa. a6pHKa y Pywy koa Mapn6opa npoH3BOAn KapfinA h ioji- HHjeB HHaHaMHA- E-reKTpHHHy eHeprnjy AoSeja H3 ejieKTpHHHe qeHTpaAe a6pHiKe npepaAHra y aueTOH) h 100 BaroHa ApBeHor KaipaHa, (OaSpHKay Tecnnky H 3 paljyje roAHum>e 1920 BaroHa ApeeHor yrjba, 600 BaroHa KajipHjeBa aue’raTa, 96 BaroHa MemnanKoxo na, 72 — 96 BaroHa yjba 3a AeHaTypncaite h 500 BaroHa KaTpaHa. hc) npoH 3 BOAH>a h npepaAa nanHpa. yApy>KeHe cj)a6pHKe nanHpa y ropnnaHHMa, MeABOAaiua h BeBHH y CAOBeHHjH npon3BOAe roAnunbe 1400 Barona nanHpa oa n,ejiyji03e. ]3 194 4>a6p«Ka y 3arpe6y npoH3BOAH roAHimte oko 260 BaroHa n- Hor h nojiy(})HHor narinpa a OHa y CyiuaKy oko 70 BaroHa nannpa 3a nHrapeTe. 4>hhh nanap npoH3BOAH join h (})a6pHKa y PajjeqaHHMa y CjiOBeHHjH, h to oko 45 BaroHa roAHiiirbe, Malta (jiadpHKa y 3peny koa Koftnua y C«OBeHnjn paAH nannp 3a naKOBatte. y HHAycTpujy npepaae nannpa cnaAajy koa Hac OBe rpaHe: jiHHHpafte h pacTpnpaH>e nannpa, H3paAa KapTOHaixe, Keca oa narwpa, KitHroBesaqKHX H3paAa, nariHpa 3a nncMa h unaMnapcKa HHAycTpuja. JlHHHpafteM — pacTpiipafbeM ce 6aBe caMO Maite paAHOHnae. Haj'sehe 4>a6pHKe KapTOHaxce ce yajia3e y JbydjbaHH h Beorpa- Ay. Tpeha, y Mapndopy, paAH norjiaBHTO Kyraje 3a (JjapMaixeyr- cne np0H3B0Ae. Kece' oa nannpa paAe ce HajBHiue y BeorpaAy, 3arpe6y h JbydjbaHH. LUiaMnapcKa HHAycTpuja HHje Ha TexHHHKoj bhchhh, HapoqHTO H3paAa CJiHKa Ha nannpy Ma Koje Bpcie je cxpoMHa ; OHa HMa Tex jia ce pa3Bnje. 3). HHAycTpuja APBeTa. KOAHKO H K3KBHX UiyMa HMa y Hauioj 3eMJbH H3JIO)KeHO je y OACAjKy o UlyMapcTBy. OBAe heMO pacMaTpa™ npepaay ApBeTa. Hauie uiyMe npoH3BOAe BeJiHKe koahhhhc npBa sa zopnBO h Apsa 3 a rpatjy Koja ce y 3H3thhm KOJiHHHHaMa H3B03e. IJpBa 3a zpaiyy ce H3B03e hjih y 6a;iBaHHMa (TpynuHMa) hjih TecrepH- caHa. CTpyrapa HMa y 3eMJbH Bpjio mhoto, h to y CpdHjn: y BeorpaAy, CMeAepeBy, Ulamjy, OdpeHOBpy, JIo3hhu;h, KpymeBn;y, CoKo6aH>H, Mhohhah, yamuy, KpajbeBy; y Bochh HajBehe: y JXo- 6pA>HHy, flpBapy, CepMHHy, 3aBHAOBHhy, Tecjinhy, BocaHCKOj JXamwxw. XpBHTCKa h CjiaBOHHja HMa 54 napHHx CTpyrapa a Cjio- BeHHja 35 nopeA Bpjio BeAHKor 6poja' Maiwix CTpyrapa Koje hcko- pHiuhyjy BOACHy CHary. Oa noAynpoH3BOAa H3pa^yjy ce oa ApBeTa: SaHBapcKa zpalya y CjiOBeHHjH, y CjiaBOHHjn h y Bochh oAaKJie ce cBaxe roAHHe H3B03e BeJiHKe kojihahhc y HeMaqxy, OpaHpycKy, Ph-ajiHjy, IIlBaj- papcKy, BeArnjy h Matjapcxy. flpBenn npazoBH npOH3BOAe ce: 6yK0BH y Bochh h CjiOBeHHjn a xpacTOBH y CjiaBOHHjH, XpacmoBH eucmpaKm paAH ce y CjiaBOHHjH (qerapH cjiadpHKe), KecmenoB eKC- mpaurn y Cncxy h y CjiaBOHHjH (bhah „TaHHH“). 0ypnnp npo- h3boah HajBHUie ApymTBO „CjiaBOHHja“ y Cji. BpoAy; yxynna je npOH3BOAH>a 1,5 MHJIHOHa KM 2 OA KOje ce KOJIHHHHe ABe TpehHHe H3B03e. PadHH pepnBamn Aodnjajy ce nyTeM Aecrajiapaje y ABe (jiaSpHKe (bhah „AecTHJiauHja ApseTa 11 ). 195 Ilopea obhx nopy(})a6pHKaTa Hspatjyjy ce caHpypH, napKera, ppseHa ByHa, ppBeHH kjihhuh, qaHKaPHiie 3a 3y6e, iiiTanoBH, 6y- pap, HaMemTaj h pa3HH cnepaja^HH npoH3BopH op ppBeTa. HajBehe (j)a6pHKe HaMeiuTaja nocraje y 3arpe6y, Cji. Bpopy, Bapa^KpHHy, Mhtpobhiih, HhI^h, OcjeKy, CapajeBy h Mociapy. CBe (J)a6pHKe Koje npepaljyjy ppBo pape h 3 a poMahy no- Tpe6y h 3 a H3B03. h) XHppo-epeKTpHHHa BHpycTpnja. y opejbKy o BopaMa h3/io>khjih cmo kojihkc BopeHe CHare CToje Ha pacnojioiKeiby y Hamoj OrapOHHH.vOp ihhx je pocapa caMO jepaH m3jih peo HCKopHinheH. Kano y 3 'eMjbH HeMa KaMeHor yrjba, a hm 3 Sorarax Hajia3HiuTa pa3HOBpcHnx pypa, to je H3BecHO, pa he ce OBe BopeHe CHare, Taxo 3B3 hh 6ejin yrajb, ynparao HCKOpHCTHTH. OBO 6 h yHHHHJIO, Pa Ce HapOHHTO pa3BHjy KOBHHCK3 h ejieKTpo xeMHCKa HHpycTpHja. y npopyacefty paheMO nperjiep HajBehHx xpppo-epeKTpHHHHx HHCTajiapHja. Cp6nja. Hhhi 600 HP. y Cp6njn HMa nopep Tora n3BecT3H 6poj rpapoBa ejieKTpHHHo ocBeraeae inja ce CTpyja poSHja ynoTpeOoM BopeHiix CHara: Jle- CKOBap: 200 HP., BajbeBo: 200 HP., yjKHpe: 120 HP., KpajbeBo: 500 HP., HBaHbHpa: 205 HP., OOmiHheBO 70 HP., napahHH: 69 HP., 3ajenap: 300 HP., rpapmirre: 200 HP. Bocna h XepnezoBnna. Jajpe Ha Hjihbh 9.300 HP. CapajeBO 500—1.000 HP. Ban.a Jlyica 350 HP. J\&Ta je KOHnecnja 3 a nopH3aibe peHTpajie op 30.000 HP, Ha PaMH. n flajiMcmnja. Omhlu Ha UeraHH 32.000 HP. UlH6eHHK Ha KpKH 36.000 HP. CnjiHT Ha Jappy 1.600 HP. JI,aTa je KOHuecnjapa HCKOpHiuheH>e BopeHe CHare nonoBor no,iba; npepBHljeHO je nopH3aibe jepHe HHCTajiaunje op 192.000 HP 3 a neT ropHHa h jepHe ppyre hctot KanapuTeTa 3 a HapepHHx nexHajecT ropiiHa. XpBamcm n CnaBOHHja. Ocjba na Kynn 2.700 HP. njeBa Ha OpjiaBH 200 HP. 13 * 196 CxoBe^Hja. ajia Ha ,Zl,paBH 3 1 y>KHHa Ha ropfeoj CaBH BumejiHua Ha PaAOBHH JaBOpHHK Jlecua Ha 3aBHUJHu,H JecenHue' Tp>KHh KpaHb Ha CaBH MejBoae Ha CaBH KHHa Ha JBy6jbaHHU,H BeBna Ha JbySjbaHHUH Pojua KaMHHK Ha Bhctphuh 30.000-42.000 HP. 3.000 HP. 540 HP. 2.500 HP. 3.000 HP. 1.200 HP. 2.170 HP. 690 HP. 715 HP. 690 HP. 650 HP. 720 HP. 1.300 HP. j) KepaiwiiHKi HHflycipHja h npon3BOAH>a CTaioia. KepaMmm Huaycmpnja je y Hamoj 3eMJbH CAa6o pa3BHjeHa_ nocTOje Tpn 4>a6pHKe koa Hejba y aojihhh CaBH^e, Koje paae nocylje oa MajojiHKe h (})ajaHca. Y Hobom CaAy ce oTBapa jeAHa • (jja6pHKa nopuyjiaHa h Majo^HKe. Cmaiuio 3a npo3ope paAH (j)a6pnKa y J^apyBapy a uiyajbe cmaKJio ce npc>H3BOAH y 4>a6pHKaMa y napahHHy y Cpfinjn, y XpacHHKy, CTpa>KH h 3aropjy y OioBeHHjn. UeMeHT ce npoH3BOAH CKopo y cbhmh KpajeBHivia Hauie 3eMA>e. OaSpHKe nocToje: y Cp6HjH y PnnHby, PajbH h nonoBuy; y XpBaTC. oj h C^iaBOHHjH y 3arpe6y, Banpy h BeoMHHy; y Gno- BeHHjH y 3nAaHOM MocTy, Tp6oBA>y h MojcTpaHH; y /J,ajiMan,HjH CBera neT koa CnJimra h OMHma. HbnxoBa yKynHa npOH3BOAHba je roAHimte oko 1C0.000 BaroHa ueMeHTa, oa Koje kojihhhhc OT npnjiHKe jeAHa TpehHHa cnaAa Ha (l)a6pHKy y BeoHHHy h jeAHa nojiOBHHa Ha a6pHKe y 3eMyHy, CoAHHy, Kap.aoBuy n JlauiKOM (CjioBeHHja), a H3paAe oa ueMeHTa ce paAe y Ocjeuy P/mh, BpoAy, no>Ke3H, TbaKOBy, BeoHHHy, CnJiHTy, 3arpe6y, Hep- HOMepuy, JByfijbaHH h t. a. k) IJeMeHTHa HHflycTpMja. 197 VII. TPrOBMHA. a) yHyTpaimba TproBHHa. yHyTpauiit.a ce TproBHHa nocjie yjeflHH>eii>a HenpecTaHO pa3- Bujaaa h ycne;ia je, Aa ce Ha CBe CTpaHe Hame ap«aBe pa3rpaHa, CByAa yxBaTH KopeHa h oap>kh. FfaeH pa3BHT3K je 6ho OMeTeH, uito caodpahaj HHje 6ho norayHO ypetjeH, 6p3 h peAOBaH, uito joj H3jeAnaqeibeM 3aKOHa HHje CTBopeHa npaBHa curypHOCT h uito je pljaBOM npHBpeAHOM hoahthkom KoneHa. C/raAHO naAaite BpeA- hocth Hame Ba^yTe, t. j. nocKynjbHBaite po6e npoy3poKOBaAO je 3narae 3acToje y nocAOBHMa. Oa nojeAHHiix rpaHa ycneBajy Haj6ojbe OHe Koje Aajy ap- THKAe noTpeSHe 3a npnBpeAHe paAOBe h TproBHHe ca >khbothhm HaMHpHHpaivia. Koahkh je, CT3THCTHHKH, Ham yHyTpainibH TproBHHCKH npoMeT, reiUKO je yTBpAHTH. MHHHCTapCTBO HHaHCHja, npHAHKOM OApe- fjHBaita npHHOca oa nope3a 3a hocaobhh o6pT, oachhao ra je Ha neTpAeceT MHAHjapAH. H3TAeAa Aa je OBaj 6poj cyBHiue bcahkh; Tpeda hm 3 th Ha yiuy, Aa CTaHOBHHuiTBO Harne 3eMA>e, HajBehHM AeAOM, noAMHpyje CBoje noTpe6e concTBeHOM np0H3B0AH>0M, iKe Hero y303, aAH HHje ycneo Aa ra crarHe. flpeMa 3BaHHHHHM noAauuMa UapHHCKe ynpaBe, H3B03 ce QA noueTKa 1919. toa- OBaKO icpeTao: 198 llpeMa oBOMe nperaeay, H3B03 y 1920. roa. nopaciao je npeMa 1919. roa- 3a 92%, a y 1921. r., npeMa 1920 r. 3a 86%. raaBHH H3B03HH apTHKJiH y 1921. roa. 6m h cy: KyKypy3, Meco h npepal^eBHHe oa Meca, jama, CBHme, apsa, jaja, OpaiuHO, aaKae, npon3Boan nojbonpnBpene, eronaperBa h myMapcTBa. Oa HHaycTpHCKHx npon3Boaa, y BehHM KoaH^HHaMa, aoaa3H caMo y o63np 6pamHO, a y MamuM KoaHHHHaMa TanHH, yTKapnja, n,e- MeHT, pyae h neKMC3. 3a nocaeafte Tpn h no roanHe y3eB yicynaH Ham H3B03, HajBnaHHj'e MecTo 3ay3HMa H3B03 apea u npepaljeBHHa oa apBeTa. y 1919. roa. H3B03 apea ycjiea TemKnx caodpahajHiix npnaHKa, h3hocho je Maay KoaHnnHy, aan y nayhHM roaHHaMa, hhm ce cao6pahaj Hemra no6oa>mao, H3B03 oaora apranaa pannaHO je CKaxao y 1920 roa. 3a 317 mm. ann., y 1921 roa. 199. Mna. aHH., a caMO y npBOM noayroljy 1922. roa. aocTHrao je cyMy oa 252 mh,?i. anH. Y 1921. roa. H3B03 OBora ap-rawm 6no je, pljaBHM cao6pahajeM, OMeTaH. Ha apyro mccto jxomm h3bob Kynypysa; Kojw je y 1921. roa- y H3B03y aocrarao KyaMHHaunoHy Tanxy —■ na 31600 Ba- roHa. H3B03 OBora apTHKaa 6 ho je 3H3TaH h y 1919. n 1920. r. aan je y npBOM noayroijy 1922. roa. nao Ha cacBHM He3H3THy KoaHHHHy — CBera 532 BaroHa. Yspopn caa6or H3B03a Kynypyaa 199 y npBoj nojiOBHHH 1922. roA- cy Hen3BecHOCT ncxopa 6ep6e nyxypysa h H3Ap>KaBaiie nojbonpHBpeAHor cxaHOBHuiiiTBa aa OBaj apTHKaji, xojH My je noTpe6aH 3 a HcxpaHy, npopa. Ha Tpehe MecTO AOAa3H H3B03 ueca h meroBHX npepatje- BHHa, Kojn je panHAHO CKaxao: y 1919. roA. 286. BaroHa, y 1920. roA. 986 BaroHa (AHHapa 103 mha.), y 192 1 . roA. 2673 BaroHa (AHHapa 269. mha.), a y npBOM noAyroljy 1922. roA. 1503 BaroHa (131 mha. ahh). H 3 B 03 Mvnaa AOAa3n Ha neTBpio MecTO: Y 1921. r. n3Heo je HajBehe koahhhhc, anu je y npBOM noAyroljy 1922. r. ycAeA Hen3BecHOCTH xci, xojH je Taxolje y Ao6a n3B03Hnpa (1919. toa- , pBeTao, na je y 19>0. toa. cnao Ha 21.400 kom 3A3; y 1921. H3B03 ce noBehao Ha 219.500 KOMaAa, a 3 a npBHx 6 Mecepn 1922. toa- na 66.312 KOMaAa. JepaH Ham Baxtan H3B03HH apTHKaA Kojn 3ay3HMa ceAMO MecTO Meljy h3B03hhm apTHKAHMa jecy jaja. H 3 B 03 OBora npo- H3BOA3 panHAHO pacTe: y 1919. toa. 1827 toh3 (9 mha. ahh.), y 1920 toa. 2941 toh3 (30 mha. ahh.), Y 1921. toa. 12.341 toh3 (146 mha. ahh.), a caMO 3 a npBHx 6 Mecepn 1922. toa. 8.566 T0H3 (175 M3A. AHH.).; H3B03 CyBHX lUSbHBa H neKM.e3Cl AOA33H Ha OCMO MecTO. H koa OBora npoH3BOAa H3B03 ce 3H3tho noBehaBao. Y 1919. toa, h3hocho je 2131 BaroH, y 1920 toa- 2274 BaroHa (70 mha. ahh.), y 1921. toa. 4.106 BaroHa (153 mha. ahh.), a 3 a npBHx mecT Mecepn 1922. toa. 1.514 BaroHa ( 3 a 80 mha. ahh.). nocAe OBora apraKAa, no peAy, aoa33h H3B03 Spauma, xojn Taxolje pacTe h y npBOM noAroljy 1922. ro/p AOCTH>xe H3B03 oa 1909 BaroHa (92 mha. ahh). Cbm OCT3AH HaiUH npOH3BOAH H3BO>KeHH Cy y MafbHM KO- 200 jiH4HHaMa h Bpej,HOCTHMa. Metjy mnMa BHAHnje MecTO 3ay3HMajy nacyjb, Kypeiba, y>Kapnje, koh>h (y 1921. rop. 22.22 j KOMapa) n peMeHT. Ham H3B03, no 3eMjbaMa HaMeHe, npeMa 3BaHnnHHM no^a- pwMa BpepHocTH, oBano ce Kpeiao. riojeAHHH Hauin npoH3Boa,H y 1921. rop. huijih cy y ob> 3eMJbe: JlpBa najBehn peo y Fh-ajinjy, a Marne KOJinmiHe y TpnKye paHnycKy, Typcny, HeManny. KyKypy3 je HajBnme Kyncmaaa AycTpnja, na 3aTHM HeMamca n HexocjioBanKa. Mame KOjmnnHe mime cy y Hiaanjy, Bonny n IIlBajpapcKy. >Khto je, HajBehnM HejiOM, KynoBajia AycTpnja, a Hemio Majio othiiuio je y FpnKy h U lBajpapcKy. Meco h npepa^eenne o a Meca HajBnme cy iKeHO 3a Aycrpnjy ) Marne aa HexocaoBamcy n HTajmjy, CyBe rnjbHBe HajBnme je Kyncmajia HeManna n AycTpnja; Mame KOimnnHe Hiajinja n UlBaj- papcna. F.'iaBHH nynpn nacyjba cy Fpnna, AycTpnja n HTajinja- Jaja je cxopo CBa Kynnua LllBajpapCKa; cBnme HajBnme HeManKa ; 201 a Matte KOAHHUHe AycTpnja h nexocjiOBaoKa; KyAejby u yjKapnjy h3B03hjih cmo HajBHine y HeManKy h AycTpnjy; roBea,a, iviaBHH Aeo, y HTaanjy, a Matte KOJiHHHtte y AycTpHjy h PpnKy; ctrrtta CTOKa OTHiujia je CBa Ha jyr — Beha KoaHHHHa 3a TpHKy, a Matta 3a TypcKy.. 2. yw3Ha mpzomHLi. Hauia yB 03 Ha TproBHHa noKasana je 3a npBe Tpa roAHHe nocae paTa CTajiHy TeHAeHiinjy noBehatta; aira npoiieHTyajitto no- pacT yB 03 a MattH je oa H 3 B 03 a. npeMa 1919. y 1920. roA- yB 03 ce noBehao 3 a 50%, a npeMa 1920. y 1921. rtOBehatte no Bpea- hocth H 3 HOCH caMO 21%. YseB yB 03 no KOAHHHHaMa po6e nopacT VB 03 a npHMehyje ce BHine koa apTnKajia 3a o6HOBy 3 eMJte, no- AH 3 atte HHAycTpttje, Kao uito je cuynaj koa yB03a MeTana, twa- uiHHa, eraKJia n Apyrnx. npeMa 3BaHHHHHM CTaracTHHKHM noAautiMa yB03 ce 3a tpn roAHHe nocjte paTa, y KOiranHHaMa h BpeAHOCTHMa, oBaKo KpeTao: 154.308 2.98;.0 418.673 3.465.8 686.179 4.1223 PliaBHH HaniH yB 03 HH apTHKJIH Cy OHJbHe H IKHBOTHtbCKe cnpoBHHe n npepal^eBHHe: naMyK, npe ahbo, po 6 a oa k>hx, CBHua, totobo oacao h t. a- 3a Koje cmo mh H 3 Aajm y 1919. toa. 2372 202 mhji. ahh., y 1920. roa. 1688 mhji. ay 1921. roa. 1754 mhji, aHH, Koa obhx apraKa;ia y 1921. roa. npmviehyje ce Behn yB03 npo- cthj'hx CHpoBHHa h npeparjeBHHa 3a noTpefie niHpnx cjiojeBa, a Maae yB03 jryKcy3HHx apTHKaaa. Ha yB03 Meiaaa, H3paaa oa itera h ManiHHa H3aaJiH cmo y 1921. roa. 722 mhji. ahh. 3a 16.866 BaroHa Te po6e (y 1920. roa. yBe3eHO je OBe po6e 7273 BaroHa, a y 1919. roa. caMO 2290 BaroHa). yB03 xeMHCKHx h anoTexapcKHx npoayraTa, 6oja, (jinpHHca, jiaxoBa, yjba, MHpnca y 1921. roa. npeMa yB03y oa 1920. roa. 3H3tho je nao. YB03 KoxeH>a 6 hah cy: ecKOHT, AOMdapA, XHnoTeKapHH, ocHHBanKH h po6hh hocaobh, npHManbe yjiora Ha uiTeAfty, Ba^yran h ne- BH3HH nocAOBH h nocAOBH no TeKyhuM panyHHMa. Oa Beher cy HHTepeca vaosh 3a urreAfty; obh cy pacAH OBaKO: IX CAOBPATiAJ ilpeB03 nyTHHKa, noiirre, npTA>ara h cBaKOBpcHe po6e Bpmn ce cyB03eMHHM nyTeBHMa, 6poAOBHMa h )KeAe3HHpaMa. 3a 6p30 cnopa3yMeBaH>e, Ha Bella h Man>a OACTojaita, CAyx«aBH, caMO y hckhm oQAacraMa hmb A o6pnx nyTeBa 3a ayTOMo6HACKH cao6pahaj. 3aT0 Taj caBpme- hhjk h 6p)KH cao6patiaj cyB03eMHHM nyTeBHMa koa Hac, rAe hcm3 aoboa>ho >KeAe3HHu;a, HHje jom pa3BHjeH. H3y3HMajyhn He3HaTan ayTOMoSHACKH caoSpahaj npHBaTHHX npeAy3eha h nouiTancKH koj'h CAyiKH 3a npenoc nouiTe, na yne- koahko h 3a nyTHHKe tab HeMa >KeAe3HHu;a, 3a caAa hm3mo ypeljen ayTOMo6HAckn cao6pahaj, y Man,eM o0HMy, jeAHHo y UpHoj fopH, rAe ochm KpaTKe y33Ke npyre Bap— Bnp ria3ap h HeMa HHK3KBHX >KeAe3HHUa. 205 y Harnoj seMjbH HMa oko 50.000 km. cyB03eMHHx nyTeBa. Aah th cv nyTeBu y AOCTa pljaBOM CTaiby, jep ce 3a OBe nerapH roAHHe noaie paia Hnje ycneAO, &a ce cbh onpaBe h y pea ao- Beay. Hobhx nyTeBa je Bpjio MaAO carpaljeHO. y H3Bpuieiby cy mjih y npojeKTy, noAH3au>e mhothx hobhx nyTeBa h MOCTOBa icao h 3HaTHnje onpaBKe n peKOHCTpyKnnje .750 km. AOcaAaun-bnx pijaBHX n 3anyniTeHHx nyTeBa n MOCTOBa. 36or jom Hecpe^eHiix npHJinKa h (|)HHaHCHCKe HeMoryimocTH, obh cy paAOBH 3aocTa.an, aaTO je caoSpahaj cyB03eMHHM nyTeBHMa jano OTe>KaH n orpa- HnneH, ujto uiTeTHO ymne Ha pa3BHTai< Harne npHBpeAe n Tp- roBHHe. y OyyeTy 3a 1922/23. toa. OAoOpeHn cy npujiHuiui upe- ahth, xe je onpaBAaHa H3Aa, Aa he ce n paAOBH Ha onpaBun h peKOHCTpyKnuju CTapnx n noAH3aH>y hobhx nyTeBa h MOCTOBa y6p3a™. CyB03eMHn nyieBH cnaAajy y HaAJiemHOCT MHHncTapcTBa rpal^eBHHa. 3a onpaBKy n noAH3aibe hobhx nyTeBa n Boijeft-e HaA3opa HaA cyB03eMHHM nyxesHMa, nocToje rpaljeBHHCKe m- peKpnje Kao H3BpmHe ycTaHOBe MHHHCTapCTBa I'paheBHHa: y BeorpaAy, KpyuieBpy, CKonjby, Hobom CaAy, 3arpe6y, CapajeBV, CnAHTy, XlyOpoBHHKy h Ha UeTHiby. 6) Boaghh nyTCBH. Haul OpoAapcKH cao 6 pahaj t KaieHa njioBHa Ayauma h3hoch oko 2000 km. Bby nnHe : ZlyHaB oa Be3AaHa ao yuiha TnMOKa 582 km. CaBa oa PyrBHpe ao yuiha CaBe 663 km. Kyna oa IloKyncKorAO Uanpara BocyT oa AomeBpa ao yuiha BocyTa ao yuiha CnanBe ao MopoBnha AO yuiha .UpaBe CnauBa oa HeMau,a CTyABa oa CojbaHa ZlpaBa oa 3aKaita Tuca oa CereAHHa ao yuiha Tnce TaMHiu oa flaHHeBa ao yuiha TaMHiua 59 KM. 40 KM. 21 KM. 18 KM. 229 km. 170 KM. 3 KM. KaHaji KpaA>a IleTpa oa Be3AaHa ao Beneja 116 km. KaHaji Kpajba AjieucaHApa oa Oranapa ao Hobot CaAa 69 km. Bera oa TeMHUiBapa ao yuiha Bere 115 km. Ha ZlyHaBy, CaBH, Thch, JX paBn n Bera KaHajiy oApwapa 206 Bpopapcmi Chhphiot pepoBHy njioBHp6y 3a npeB03 nyraHKa, nourre, npT.’faara h po6e. Tom CHHpHKaTy Hama ppxmBa ycTynnua je npe Tpn ropHHe CKOpo peo cboj' nnoBHH napi< koj'h je nocjie paTa Kao paTHH nneH apSmrpaiKOM y CBojuHy po6npa. Kouhkh je yonuiTe ppxcaBHH ruiOBHH napK h meroBa yno- tpe6a bhph ce H3 OBor nper/iepa: y CnHAHKaT je ymjio ca CBojHM hjiobhhm napKOM h napo- SpopapcKHM oco6jbeM h npeijamme CpncKo EpopapcKo TjpyuiTBO' Penno SpopapcTBo KojHM pyKyje BpopapcKH CnHpHKaT opp- Mkom oa 5,210.884 t. 208 Kojihkh je 6ho caoOpafcaj y HaiunM HajBehHM nyKaiwa bhjih ce H3 npernena Ha CTp. 209. i Hm 3 CBoje ceRHiiiTe «a npeHece y Kpaa.eBmy; hobo wecro join Hiije OApe^eHO. 2 ) y 3 noHnpaihe ce ca „JaapaHCKOM imobha 6 om". Koje cy 3acTaBe hochjjii 6poflOBH KOjn cy y 1921. roA- ftouyTOBaaii h OT nyTOB jih n 3 Jiyita KpajbeBHHe Cp6a, XpBaTa h CjicmeHapa, Kao n H3 Kojiix cy 3eMajba aoJia3nan h y Koje cy 0AJia3HJiii rh/pi ce m HapeflHnx nperjiefla. 14 210 b) )Ke^e3HHHKa Mpewa. Ue^oKyrma >Ke/ie3HnnKa Mpenca Hauie Orayonne, npeMa 3B3HHHHHM noAau,nMa, no ay>KHHH H3HOCHJia je KpajeM 1922. roA. 9.383 KHJiOMeTpa. O a Tora je y ApnKeAe3HHMKa MpejKa oBaKo je no- Ae,T.eHa, 211 ^Hpetajiija Eeorpaa y ;ip>K(MHoj excaiioamaipijn: TTp,yre HopMaAHora KOAOceKa jyiKHO oa Beorpa^a 1.143.7 km. Tlpyre y CpeMy ao BnHKOBaqa 356.6 km. Ilpyre y3aHor KOAOceKa jy>KHO oa Beorpaqa oa 0,76 m. 558.5 km. Ilpyra BoA>eBqn-CaBa y3aHor KOAOceKa oa 0.76 m. 9. km. Tlpyre y3aHor KOAOceKa oa 0,60 m. (y Jy>KHoj Cp6njn) 366.7 km. CBera 2434.5 km. y npHBamnoj eKCujioamai^ujn CBe oa 0,76 m. fl,npeKunja 3arpe6. y MP»KeAe3Hnqa 754.8 km. 14* 212 CBera 1556. km. y 1922. roaHHH AOBpmeHO je rpaljeibe h npe^aie cy jaBHOM caoSpahajy OBe HOBe npyre: npyra KOAOcena Hopiviajme innpHHe Hhiu —KitameBau, h rocnnh—rpanau Reo npyre y3aHora KOAOceKa oa 0.76 m. yrpHHOBan,—HanaK y rpa^en>y Hajia3e ce a to: Flpyra KOAOceKa HOpMaAHe ninpnHe Ton- nnAep—Majia KpCHa Flpyra KOJioceKa HOpMajiHe umpnHe TmeJi —OpJioBaT Flpyra m/iocena HopMajiHe inHpHHeTpanau, —ripnOyAHh—K hhh Ilpyra KOJioceKa HopMajiHe uiHpnne Bnxah —3pMaiba 69. KM 39. , 50. „ 65 . km. 213 Flpyra y3aHor KOJioceKa oa 0 76 m. OapahHH —CTajiah 21 km. „ „ „ oa 076 m. y*Hue—BapflHuiTe 57 km. HMa H3rneAa as he y 1923. toahhh 6hth AOBpmeHe h npe- Aaie jaBHOM cao6pahajy npyra HopMajmor koaocckh TonnHAep Ma^a KpcHa h npyra y3anora KoaoceKa llapahHH—OraAah, na MOMKHU.e— BapAHUne, aok npyre rpaKan;—npn6yanh—K hhh h Bnxah—3pMan>a 36or Teacer TepeHa n Thtca —OpnoBaT 36or MOCTa npexo Tnce Hehe 6hth y OBoj ro^HHH AOBpuieHe. Hama aKejie3HHHKa Mpeata HopMajmora KonoceKa He CTojn y HenocpeAHoj Be3H hh ca jcahum HauiHM npncTaHHiuTeM Ha JaApaHCKOM Mopy; OHa jeAHHa Be3a ca MOpeM npeno BocHe n HBaHa je 36or CJiador KanauHTeia y3aHe npyre no CBe HeAOBOJbHa. Hama KpajbeBHHa npeMa nocneAiteM nonncy HMa Ha noBp- LL'HHH OA 247.916 KM 2 6jIH3y 12 MHJIHOH3 CT3HOBHHKa. npeMa TOMe Aoaa3H aKeAe3HHHKa Mpewa 3a Hame noTpede Heno- Aecna h HeAOBOJbHa, MOHKeAe3HHHKe npyre. CBe Te npyre HAy na ceBep, y npaBiiy, y KOMe Ham npoMeT He hac. aok napanejiHux n TpaHCBepcaAHnx npyra npBora peAa hh jeA»y newaMO. HaMeijy CaBe h ,ZI,paBe HeMaMO AaKJie hii jeAHy napajiejiHy npyry npBora peAa. npyra HHljnja—3arpe6 je H3- rpaljeHa Kao cnopeAHa npyra Apyrora peAa ca jibkhm ropmHM CTpojeM h HeAOBOJbHHM nocTpojemHMa. Jom MHoro rope je ca BanaTOM Kojn neMa HHKaKBy Be3y ca CpeMOM h BanKOM npeKo Tnce oceM ohc jeAHHe Koja je BacnocTaBjbeHa npeKo CydoTHpe Cenre h Hone.. MeljyTHM J],ajiManHja je jom h AaHac ca CBojHM >Kene3HHnaMa Hopwajmora KOJioceKa norayHO OAceneHa oa ocTaAe name >K6Jie3HHHKe Mpe>Ke. Ann nopeA cbhx thx HeAOCTaTaKa nce- .ne3HHHKe Mpe>Ke Koja HaM je ocTaAa oa Ayerpo-yrapcKe, Tpeda 214 Hapo^HTO HCTahH OHaj HeaocTaiaK, Aa n3Me^y t 6 Mpe>Ke h ace- .ie3HHHKe Mpeae KpajbeBHne CpdHje nocToji-i npeKo UpHHe, CaBe h .ZlyHaBa jeAHa jenHHa Be3a h to caMO 3a npyre HopMajiHora KOJioceKa. To je Be3a H3Met)y Beorpaaa h 3eMyHa. Hcto TaKO je bcjihkh HeAoeraTaK iuto hh )KeAe3HHnKa Mpe>Ka HopMajiHor KOJioceKa, hh ivipejKa y3aHor KOJioceKa HeMajy Meljy- co6hc Be3e h lhto hm je innpHHa Ko^oceKa HejeAHana. nope# cbhx HeAoeraTaKa >Kejie3HHu;e y CpdHjn 6HJie cy npn noB.Taneifcy HenpHjaiejba cnopo ao TeMejba nopyuieHe. 3a obo nerapn ro- AHHe nocjie paia onpaBjbeHe cy, ajiH join HenoTnyHO. Hame >Kejie3Hi-me y Ap*aBHoj eKcnjioaTanHjn, npeMa CBojoj Ay>KHHH h npoMeiy, nopeA oerajiHx HeAOCTaiaKa He pacnojiaary hh AOBOJbHHM bo3hhm napKOM. KpajeM 1922. roA- HMa^e cy 3a Mpe>Ky HopMajiHor KOJioceKa 830 jiOKOMOTHBa, 846 nyTHHHKHx BaroHa h 25.400 Teperanx BaroHa, a HeHcnpaBHHX y onpaBAH 6hjio je: 700 jiokomothb3, 230 nyraHHKnx BaroHa h 11.900 Te- peTHHX BaroHa. Ha npyraMa y3aHor KOJiocexa 6 hjio je: 306 jio- KOMOTHBa, 326 nyTHHHKHx h 5.401 TepeTHH BaroH, a y onpaBAH ce Hajia3HJio, 136 jiOKOMOTHBa, 48 nyTHHHKHx h 2500 TepeTHHX BaroHa. Ha >Kejie3HHHKHM npyraMa Harne 3eMJbe npeBoaceHO je: y 1919. roA- 11,380.000 nyTHHKa h 16,358.000 TOHa pode y 1920. roA. 13,612.404 „ „ 19,362.504 „ y 1921. roA. 16,188.668 „ ,, 22,963.472 „ z) fJouima, me/iezpacp u memcpon noniTa, Tejierpatj) h Te.aei})OH cnaAajy y HaAJie»k6t- Bemr npHHOC y 1921. h 1920. roA., BeorpaA 1922. M3Beuimaj IducneKuiije Papa 3a zop. 1921., BeorpaA. Mnnmoje M. Camih, Hama HHAycTpnja h 3aHara, I h II Aeo Ca- pajeBo 1922. MmncmapcmBO (Punancnja , C/raTHCTHKa cnojbHe TproBHHe 3a ro- AHHy 1918, 1919, 1920 h 1921, BeorpaA 1921 h 1922. BejWHH Tpzobhhckh Kanenpap, BeorpaA 1923. KapTe: nper.aeAHa KapTa cpeAJte EBpoHe, 1:750.000, n3Aame BeuKor reo- rpacjiCKor HHCTHTyTa. CenuMje 1:200.000, cpncKor h aycTpucKor H3Aama. Zemliovid slovenskega ozemlja," 1:200.000; H3Aame cjioBeHCKe MarHue, JbybjbaHa. CAAPMCAJ. riojio>Kaj, o6jihk h BejmqHHa. 3 I'paHHue. 5 Bhchhckh o6jihk h npHpo^He ofijiacTH. J/boa .. 11 Ochobhh nojMOBH H3 reo;iorHje. 13 rijiaHHHCKe CHCTeMe h h>hxob nocTaHaK. 16 JIeaeno ao6a y 3eMjbaMa Cp6a, XpBaTa h OiOBeHaua . . 20 npnpoAHe o6^acTn: /. MopaBcm o6.naan mm UlyMawja ca ncmomoM CpdujOM: I. OnuiTH nperaep. — 2. naamiHe. — 3. Ha3Hje, flOJiHHe h kot- aime. — 4. npoxoflHOcr, nperaeqHOCT h opnjeHrncaH>e. 5. Boae Kao npenpene 6 Raima h 3ApaBCTBeHe npii.iHKe. 7. RoiwymiKapHje. — S. CMemTajHe npiiaiiKC. — 9. MaTepwjajiHa cpeacTsa .... 22 II. Ceaepna Bocna: 1. OnniTH nperaefl. — 2. riaaHHHe. — 3. PaBHiinacTO 3eMJbimiTe. -- 4. npoxoflHOCT, nper/ieftHOCT h opiijeHTHcaKbe. — 6. Pene Kao npe- npeKe. — 6. Raima u 3ApaBCTBeHe npn.iHKe. — 7. KoMyrniKapuje. — 8. CMemTajHe npii.uiKe. — 9. MaTepnja.nHa cpeRCTBa.41 III Paiuhca hjih Cmapa CpSnja: 1. OnuiTH nperaeff. — 2. FlaaHHHe, 6acemi h AonHHe. — 3. FIpo- xoahoct, nperaeaHOCT h opnjenTncaite. — 4. Pene Kao npenpeKe. — 3. Raima h 3ApaBCTBGHe npnAHKe. — 6. RoMyHiiKapiije. — 7. CMe- uiTajHe npuaiiKe. - 8. MaTepwjajiHa cpe^CTBa.54 IV Bapnapcm hjih MaKepoHcm o6nacm: 1. OnuiTH nperaeA- 2. riaamiHe, noJiHHe n kotbhhc. — 3. Pene ii je3e, a. — 4. Raima h 3AP<'BCTBeHe npnanKe. 5. RoMyHHKapiije. — 3. CMeuiTajue npnank-e. — 7. MaTepiijaaiia cpeACTBa. 67 V HnnapcKa oo/iaciu: 1. UpHa Topa: a) naamiHe. — 6) Hoaime h Hii3nje. — b) PeKe n je3epa — r) RoMyHHKapnje . 77 2. Xepu,eroBHHa: a) riaaHHHe. - 6j HoaiiHe h nojba. — b) PeKe. — r) RoMyHiiKau,nje.81 218 3. 3anajjHa BocHa, CeBepHa HaJiMaiiaja h BHCOKa XpBaTCKa: a) IljiaHHHe 11 ^oanHe. — 6) Pene. — b) KoMyrniKainije .... 86 4. PajenKH h KpaibCKH Kpac: a) IljiaHHHe ii ^ojiiiHe. — 6 ) noji>a — b) PeKe. — r) KoMyHHKaLpije.90 npoxoflHocr, nperaeflHOCT h oprijeHTiicaHbe. — 6. Mope h MopciKaBHO ype^eae. 1. YcTaB. 140 2. YnpaBa: a) OeHTpaaHa npwaBHa ynpana. 6) AftMHHiiCTpaTiiBHa no- noaejia 3eMJte. — b.) YnpaBa oSaacTH h cpe30Ba. 145 3. j4p>KaBHe cjjHHaHcnje .. 151 Ekohomcko cTan.e. I. OnniTH npervieA . 156 II. IlojbonpHBpeAa : 1. 3eMSb0paflH>a : 3pHacTO 6nn>e - MaxjHacTo 6n.i>e. — KopeHacTO KpTO.ia- cto Sajbe. — BamreHCKO 6iui>e,— Ctohho 6H.T>e , 158 2. BohapcuiBO . 163 3. BuHOzpaflapcmBO . 165 219 III. CTOMapCTBO: 1. KoitapcTBo. — 2. ToBeAapcTBO. — 3. OsaapcrBO. — 4, Ko- 3apcx«o. — 5. CBHH>apcrBO. — 6. IKaBaaapCTBO — 7. IlqenapCTBO. — 8 Tajeite pa6a h patfoaoB. 166 IV. UJyMapcTBO. 170 V. PyaapCTBO: 1. yraib. — 2. >Keae3o. - 3. EaKap. — 4. Ojiobo h dhhk — 5. BpoM aayMHHBjyM, a hthmoHj apceH. —6. 3naTo, cpe6po, >K0Ba. 7. Co. — 8. Hatjvra, acKejie30. — 2. 3aaio a cpe6po. — 3. LJhhk .... 188 r) XeMujcna mpycmpuja : 1. TaHHH — 2. XeMHCKO TeXHHHKH np0H3B0flH. — 3. KaTpaH. — 4. CaayH a CBehe. — 5. >Karau,e. — 6. BapyT. 190 A) Bemxa xe Mncna mpycmpuja . 192 ]]) Enenmpo xe.uncim mpycmpnja . 193 e) Jjecamjiaqiija ppuema . 193 >k) npon3Bopwa h npepapa uaunpa .• 193 3 ) Mnpycmpnja ppBema . 194 h) Xnppo-epeKmpmna mpycmpnja . 195 j) Kepa.umm mpycmpnja n nponsrsopwa cmaicjia . . 196 k) IjeMenmita nnpycmpnja . 196 VII. TproBHHa: а) ynympamwa . 197 б) Cao/bna: 1. H3B03Ha TproBHHa. 197 2. yB03Ha TproBHHa. 201 VIII. BaHKapcTBo. 203 IX. Cao6pahaj: a) CyB03eMHH uymeBn . 204 6) Bopenn nymeBH . 205 b) }ReM3HmKa jupewa . 210 r) Flouima, mepezpacp n menejyon . 214 HsBOpu. 215. MCflPABKE. dp. 39. y 6 . pefly oao 3 ao Tpe 6 a „P'rft.a“ Meero „Ppmy“. „ 128. y nperjieAy noA PIoKpajHHa Tpe6a „CAOBeHHja ca PIpeKOMypjeM,, Meero „OiaB0HHja ca npeKOMypjeM“. „ 133. y 1. peAy OA03ro TpeSa „o6HHa- jHMa„ MecTO „o6nHajaMa“. „ 138. y 15. peAy OA03ro Tpe6A „nocTO- jaAa“ MecTO „nocToja.nH“. „ 140. y 9. peAy 0A03A0 Tpe6a „. . . .npuTBopen, ochm y CAyqajeBHMa, Koje 33koh npeABHlja. (ha. 5). „ 140. y 8. pe^y oao3ao Tpe6a „cyABTn“ mccto „cyAHTe“. „ 145. y 11. „ „ „ „pyAHHUH“ MecTO „pyAHHKe“. „ 147. y 9. „ OA03ro Tpe6a „KOTap“ mccto „KOTop“. „ 158. y nperAeAy noA BojBOAHHa, cBera xpe6a 13.764. „ 158. y „ „ Kpajb. CXC. yrapn Tpe6a 14,17%. „ 179. y „ „ rioroH y HP, BOAeHa cnara CBera Tpe6a 84.200 „ 190. y 14. peAy OA03ro Tpe6a „3AaTHy“ MecTO „3HaTiiy“ NARODNA IN UNIVERZITETNA KNJILNICA I BOJHA TEOrPAOHJA fjenepajiuuuaOiioz .mjopa 3pzma J. A/baimiha noflejbeHa je y neTHpii KH>nre. 06jaB/beHe cy h Mory ce roOhth KOfl nncpa (Eeozpap, Beozpaflcm 22): I Kmtza, Byzapcm, rpnm n AjiQamja. U,eHa 10 rhh. II KtbuzQ, Hmamja, Pnjenm ftp mam n Aycmpnja. U,eHa 18 rhh. 71/ umza, Kpajbmma Cp6a, XpBaum it CnoBenai{a. - Ii,eHa 30 rhh. 3a LUTaMny ce cnpeMa: III Kibnza, McifjapcKO, PyMymja h HexocnoBrnm. PbeHO urraMnaifee 3aBHCHfce or ycnexa pamijHX, Ha- POHHTO IV KH>Hre,