ACTA HISTRIAE 30, 2022, 3 UDK/UDC 94(05) ISSN 1318-0185ACTA HISTRIAE 30, 2022, 3, pp. 565-756 UDK/UDC 94(05) Zgodovinsko društvo za južno Primorsko - Koper Società storica del Litorale - Capodistria ACTA HISTRIAE 30, 2022, 3 KOPER 2022 ISSN 1318-0185 e-ISSN 2591-1767 ACTA HISTRIAE • 30 • 2022 • 3 ISSN 1318-0185 UDK/UDC 94(05) Letnik 30, leto 2022, številka 3 e-ISSN 2591-1767 Darko Darovec Gorazd Bajc, Furio Bianco (IT), Stuart Carroll (UK), Angel Casals Martinez (ES), Alessandro Casellato (IT), Flavij Bonin, Dragica Čeč, Lovorka Čoralić (HR), Darko Darovec, Lucien Faggion (FR), Marco Fincardi (IT), Darko Friš, Aleš Maver, Borut Klabjan, John Martin (USA), Robert Matijašić (HR), Darja Mihelič, Edward Muir (USA), Žiga Oman, Jože Pirjevec, Egon Pelikan, Luciano Pezzolo (IT), Claudio Povolo (IT), Marijan Premović (MNE), Luca Rossetto (IT), Vida Rožac Darovec, Andrej Studen, Marta Verginella, Salvator Žitko Urška Lampe, Gorazd Bajc, Lara Petra Skela, Marjan Horvat, Žiga Oman Polona Tratnik Petra Berlot Urška Lampe (angl., slo.), Gorazd Bajc (it.), Lara Petra Skela (angl., slo.) Zgodovinsko društvo za južno Primorsko - Koper / Società storica del Litorale - Capodistria© / Inštitut IRRIS za raziskave, razvoj in strategije družbe, kulture in okolja / Institute IRRIS for Research, Development and Strategies of Society, Culture and Environment / Istituto IRRIS di ricerca, sviluppo e strategie della società, cultura e ambiente© Zgodovinsko društvo za južno Primorsko, SI-6000, Koper-Capodistria, Garibaldijeva 18 / Via Garibaldi 18, e-mail: actahistriae@gmail.com; https://zdjp.si/ Založništvo PADRE d.o.o. 300 izvodov/copie/copies Javna agencija za raziskovalno dejavnost Republike Slovenije / Slovenian Research Agency, Mestna občina Koper Ilustracija Zvonka Čoha k pravljici Ad lintverna, izrez / Illustration by Zvonko Čoh for the fairy tale Ad lintverna [About the Dragon], cutout / Illustrazione di Zvonko Čoh per la fiaba Ad lintverna [Del drago], ritaglio. Tratar, Lojze (2007): Tista od lintverna: slovenska ljudska pravljica. Zapisal Matičetov, Milko, priredila Štefan, Anja. Ciciban, 8, 6–7. Redakcija te številke je bila zaključena 30. septembra 2022. Odgovorni urednik/ Direttore responsabile/ Editor in Chief: Uredniški odbor/ Comitato di redazione/ Board of Editors: Uredniki/Redattori/ Editors: Gostujoča urednica/ Redattore ospite/Guest editor: Prevodi/Traduzioni/ Translations: Lektorji/Supervisione/ Language Editors: Izdajatelja/Editori/ Published by: Sedež/Sede/Address: Tisk/Stampa/Print: Naklada/Tiratura/Copies: Finančna podpora/ Supporto finanziario/ Financially supported by: Slika na naslovnici/ Foto di copertina/ Picture on the cover: Revija Acta Histriae je vključena v naslednje podatkovne baze / Gli articoli pubblicati in questa rivista sono inclusi nei seguenti indici di citazione / Articles appearing in this journal are abstracted and indexed in: CLARIVATE ANALYTICS (USA): Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), Social Scisearch, Arts and Humanities Citation Index (A&HCI), Journal Citation Reports / Social Sciences Edition (USA); IBZ, Internationale Bibliographie der Zeitschriftenliteratur (GER); International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) (UK); Referativnyi Zhurnal Viniti (RUS); European Reference Index for the Humanities and Social Sciences (ERIH PLUS); Elsevier B. V.: SCOPUS (NL); DOAJ. To delo je objavljeno pod licenco / Quest'opera è distribuita con Licenza / This work is licensed under a Creative Commons BY-NC 4.0. Navodila avtorjem in vsi članki v barvni verziji so prosto dostopni na spletni strani: https://zdjp.si. Le norme redazionali e tutti gli articoli nella versione a colori sono disponibili gratuitamente sul sito: https://zdjp.si/it/. The submission guidelines and all articles are freely available in color via website http: https://zdjp.si/en/. ACTA HISTRIAE • 30 • 2022 • 3 Volume 30, Koper 2022, issue 3 VSEBINA / INDICE GENERALE / CONTENTS Polona Tratnik: Formation of the Fairy Tale Matrix of a Dragon Slayer ................. Formazione della matrice fiabesca dell’uccisore di draghi Oblikovanje pravljične matrike ubijalca zmaja Paul Crowther: The Zlatorog Tale and Slovenian National Identity ......................... Il racconto dello Zlatorog e l’identità nazionale slovena Pripovedka o Zlatorogu in slovenska nacionalna identiteta Marjan Horvat: Cognitive Matrices in Folktales and Contemporary Practices of Deliberation: From the Utilitarian Mindset of Mojca Pokrajculja to the Incomprehensible Laughter of the Bean ............................. Le matrici cognitive nei racconti popolari e nelle pratiche contemporanee di deliberazione: dalla logica della ragione utilitaristica di Mojca Pokrajculja al riso incomprensibile del fagiolo Kognitivne matrice v slovenskih ljudskih pravljicah in sodobne prakse deliberacije: od utilitaristične misli Mojce Pokrajculje do nedoumljivega fižolčkovega smeha Cirila Toplak: Tales in Social Practices of Nature Worshippers of Western Slovenia .................................................................... I racconti nelle pratiche sociali dei naturalisti religiosi della Slovenia occidentale »Pravce« v družbenih praksah naravovercev zahodne Slovenije Mojca Ramšak: Medicine and Fairy Tales: Pohorje Fairy Tales as a Source about Diseases and Health ........................................................................ La medicina e le fiabe: le fiabe del Pohorje come fonte di dati sulle malattie Medicina in pravljice: pohorske pravljice kot vir o boleznih in zdravju Anja Mlakar: Valuable Ancient Remnants and Superstitious Foolishness: Religiosity, Nationalism, and Enchantment in Slovenian Folklore of the 19th Century ........................................................................ Resti preziosi del passato e sciocchezze superstiziose: religiosità, nazionalismo e incanto nel folklore sloveno dell’Ottocento Dragoceni ostanki preteklosti in vraževerne neumnosti: religioznost, nacionalizem in očaranost v slovenski folklori iz 19. stoletja. 565 591 603 UDK/UDC 94(05) ISSN 1318-0185 e-ISSN 2591-1767 655 627 681 ACTA HISTRIAE • 30 • 2022 • 3 Članki, objavljeni v tej številki Acta Histriae, so nastali v okviru raziskovalnega projekta Družbene funkcije pravljic. Raziskavo je finančno podprla Javna agencija za raziskovalno dejavnost Republike Slovenije (ARRS, J6-1807). Dubravka Zima: Social Functions of the Fairy Tale Collection Croatian Tales of Long Ago by Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić ............................................... Funzioni sociali della collezione di fiabe Racconti croati di un tempo lontano di Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić Družbene funkcije zbirke pravljic Pripovedke iz davnine avtorice Ivane Brlić-Mažuranić Cristina Fossaluzza: A Romantic Fairy Tale and Its Social Purpose in Times of War: The Woman without a Shadow by Hugo von Hofmannsthal .............. Una fiaba romantica e il suo intento sociale in tempi di guerra: La donna senz’ombra di Hugo von Hofmannsthal Romantična pravljica in njen družbeni namen v času vojne: Ženska brez sence Huga von Hofmannsthala OCENE RECENSIONI REVIEWS Jakob Norberg: The Brothers Grimm and the Making of German Nationalism (Marjan Horvat) .................................................................................... Panos Sophoulis: Banditry in the Medieval Balkans, 800–1500, New Approaches to Byzantine History and Culture (Marijan Premović) ......................... Federico Tenca Montini: La Jugoslavia e la questione di Trieste, 1945–1954 Federico Tenca Montini: Trst ne damo! Jugoslavija i tršćansko pitanje 1945–1954 (Urška Lampe) ............................................................................. Zoltán Kövecses: Extended Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Lihua Zhu & Qiu Yan) ............................................................................................. 747 727 750 743 The articles published in this issue of Acta Histriae were arised from the research project: Social functions of fairy tales. This research was supported by Slovenian Research Agency (ARRS, J6-1807). 709 754 ACTA HISTRIAE • 30 • 2022 • 3 747 OCENE/RECENSIONI/REVIEWS, 747–758 Panos Sophoulis: BANDITRY IN THE MEDIEVAL BALKANS, 800–1500, New Approaches to Byzantine History and Culture. Palgrave, 2020, 188 pages. The book is a monograph on banditry in the medieval Balkans, published in 2020 by the renowned publishing company Palgrave Macmillan as part of the New Approaches to Byzantine History and Culture series. Its author is Panos Sophoulis, Associate Professor at the University of Athens teaching history of the peoples of South-eastern Europe, who, following years-long research, presented this work of exceptional importance for historical science. The book begins with acknowledgments, showing appreciation to all those who contributed to the success of the work. Professor Sophoulis’ book is divided into eight sections. In addition to Introductory considerations, which define the subject matter of research, its chronological frame, and the time span, it also refers to the sources used, issues encountered, and an overview of the most important previous researchers of this area and their results. To understand bandits and banditry, the author particularly emphasises that the study Bandits by Eric Hobsbawm is a must (1981). In his theory of social and societal robbery, a bandit fights oppression and injustice by the ruling social groups. It is a form of class conflict and class resistance in agrarian and border societies toward the ruling class. Hobsbawm’s bandits want to put right the injustice of the rich towards the poor and prevent the exploitation of the weak. Their violence is a form of protest against the social needs’ drivers. However, such a model is not applicable to most of the reported banditry acts in the Balkans in the Middle Ages. The banditry research was placed in the framework of the Balkan peninsula from the 9th to the 16th century. Faced with the chronologically and themati- cally inconsistent archival records, Panos Sophoulis embarked on the laborious collection and analysis not only of the plethora of scattered written Byzantine, Bulgarian, Serbian, Dubrovnik, and other sources (Code of Justinian, lives of saints, books of travels, letters, Serbian Emperor Dusan’s Code, the Statute of the City of Dubrovnik of 1272, archived documents from the State Archives in Dubrovnik) but also of archaeological and ethnographic literature. In this way, it was possible to follow the natural-geographical characteristics of the bandits - where they lived, the population, political circumstances, the lifestyle of the people, and the dynamics of the bandits in the Balkans from the Middle Ages, until the dawn of the modern times. Writing on this subject is highly challenging because it depends on the num- ber of sources and the content of the documents collected. The most important sources for the banditry history in the South Adriatic are kept in the Dubrovnik Archives. In research on this subject, the author used only some previously un- published documents from the series laments de foris (complaints concerning crimes committed outside the city), one of the rare series recording the minutes of the complaints on crimes and offences. Offences committed in the area of ACTA HISTRIAE • 30 • 2022 • 3 748 OCENE/RECENSIONI/REVIEWS, 747–758 the Dubrovnik hinterland involving a citizen of Dubrovnik, either as a victim or perpetrator, were recorded in it. The heroic outlaws’ tradition is most evident in England, with Robin Hood as the most important figure, representing the principled resistance to the corrupt au- thorities. However, the situation in the Balkans is different. Based on the sources, the author verifies the hypothesis that peasants, soldiers, and nobility are connected with the banditry. Most of the bandits came from the ranks of cattle farmers, who played a prominent role in reported banditry incidents in the Balkans. There are several reasons for this: they possessed skills that could easily be put into military use if needed, and because of varying forms of pressure, shepherds often resorted to banditry. Soldiers were trained to use weapons throughout their lives, so naturally, they were perceived as potential bandits. Another reason for the banditry was irregular payments of wages, so resorting to banditry was necessary for survival. In the 14th and 15th centuries, members of local nobility encouraged or were directly involved in acts of violence, including robberies. Following the robbery, they were completely exempted from punishment. The robbers were connected and had a support network that provided information about the victim to be attacked and whose goods were to be taken. The attackers targeted the victim in advance, gathering information and then preparing the ambush. They usually worked in groups, so a group of bandits had between 10 and 15 members. Relatives and/or members of their community often provided bandits with support, shelter, or food, who may have shared some of their profits in return. Bandits were most likely to attack merchants because they were believed to carry valuable goods or money. Apart from merchants, the bandits also targeted other travel- lers: envoys, messengers, clergy, craftsmen, etc. The author helps us in many ways to get to the bottom of a complex banditry mechanism and fathom, or at least try to understand, how it worked. The medieval authorities tried to prevent the emergence and spread of banditry by legislation, as it posed a danger to order and peace. Actions were taken through two measures: legislative and field responses to specific banditry phenomena. The author also addresses widespread myths about ‘good’ bandits in this book. In the eyes of the authorities, ACTA HISTRIAE • 30 • 2022 • 3 749 OCENE/RECENSIONI/REVIEWS, 747–758 they were considered lawbreakers, while their relatives and other members of the community perceived them as heroes and crafted poems and tales in their honour. The shortcoming of the monograph is the limited use of sources from the series Lamenta de foris, as well as no reference to the charters issued to the City of Du- brovnik by the Byzantine, Serbian and Bosnian rulers. In these charters, the main goal of Dubrovnik merchants was legal regulation of the position of Dubrovnik citizens, primarily to protect their trading business. The charters contain provi- sions that protect Dubrovnik citizens, guaranteeing their security, inviolability of their property, freedom of movement and trade, and in some cases, compensation for damage. A particular value of this book is doubtlessly its clear, interesting, and, in some segments, the dynamic language of exposition, capturing the readers’ attention, and a story told in such a language seems simple, interesting, and captivating, even though it is an extremely complex issue. Professor Sophoulis’ book is a kind of daily history of political, economic, and social circumstances in the Balkans from the 9th to the 16th century. We deem it an extremely valuable study on banditry in the Medieval Balkans, which is enhanced and thematically expanded to an area that was not fully explored by scientific research. We are therefore grateful to the author and publisher for this valuable contribution to a better understanding of the medieval history of the Balkan Peninsula, with a particular focus on banditry. Marijan Premović