UDK 811.161.1*374.3=111
Tambma nepedpueHKO / Tatiana Peredrienko
ro^HO-ypMbCKHH rocygapcTBeHHbin yHHBepcHTer (HauuoHanbHbin uccnegoBaTenbcKun yHHBepcHTeT), Hena6uHcK / South Ural State University (national research university), Chelyabinsk peredrienkoti@susu.ru
Ernmepuna HcmoMuna / Ekaterina Istomina
ro^HO-ypMbCKHH rocygapcTBeHHbin yHHBepcHTer (HauuoHanbHbin uccnegoBaTenbcKun yHHBepcHTeT), Hena6uHcK / South Ural State University (national research university), Chelyabinsk istominaem@susu.ru
HEKCHHECKHE nAPAH.HE.nH B OEfflpHAYHHOH HEKCHKE PYCCKOrO H
AHEHHHCKOrO £3bIK0B
B cTaTbe paccMaTpHBaroTca neKcnHecKne napannenu b o6^eHayHHon neKcuKe pyccKoro h aHrnnncKoro «3hkob. MarepnanoM uccnegoBaHHa aBnaeTca neKcuKa H3 Academic Word List h ee pyccKoa3biHHbie aHanoru. ABTopaMH onncbiBaroTca cnynan nonHbix neKcnnecKHX napanneneH, a TaKxe aHanroupyroTca a6conroTHMe h HacraHHbie HecooTBeTcTBM cxogHoM h oTOxgecranaeMoH pyccKoH h aHrnuHcKoH o6^eHayraoH neKcuKH. nonyneHHbie pe3ynbTaTbi no3BonaT H36exaTb HeKoTopbix omu6oK npu ocBe^eHHH pe3ynbTaToB HayHHbix uccnegoBaHHH Ha pogHoM H HHocTpaHHoM a3bIKaX.
KaroneBbie caoBa: neKcunecKue napannenu, o6^eHayHHaa neKcHKa, TepMHH, cnoBapHaa cTaTba, neKcnKorpa^na
The article deals with lexical parallels in the academic vocabulary of the Russian and English languages. The research material is the vocabulary from the Academic Word List and its Russian-language analogues. The authors describe the cases of full lexical parallels, as well as analyze absolute and partial discrepancies of similar and conflated Russian and English academic vocabulary. The results will aid in avoiding a number of mistakes when covering the results of scientific research in native and foreign languages.
Keywords: lexical parallels, academic vocabulary, term, dictionary entry, lexicography
1 BBegeHHe
Me^gyHapogHbie HaynHbie KomaKTbi, aBnaro^ueca peanueH Hamero BpeMeHu, noBbimaroT 3HanuMocTb aKageMunecKoro a3biKa KaK cpegcTBa nepeganu u npuo6-peTeHua HaynHbix 3HaHuH. Cno^HocTb pa6oTbi o6ycnoBneHa Bbi6opoM npaBunbHoH neKcunecKon eguHuubi npu nepegane TCKcra Ha HHocTpaHHoM a3biKe u npu ee nepeBoge Ha pogHoM a3biK. B cBa3u c ^rHM conocraBHTenbHoe royneHue o6meHaynHon neKcuKH BuguTca KpaHHe aKTyanbHoH 3aganeft.
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BonpocaMu royneHua HayHHoro gucKypca u jieKcunecKux eguHu^ (yH^uoHupy-m^hx b HeM, 3aHHMajHCb TaKHe yneHbie KaK O.,3,. MuTpo(aHoBa, B.n. ^aHujeHKo, H.H. EopucoBa, C.B. rpHHeB-rpHHeBHH u gpyrue (Mrnpo(aHoBa 1973, ^aHujeHKo 1977, EopucoBa 2005, rpHHeB-rpHHeBHH 2008). OgHaKo a3biK HayKu nocToaHHo u oneHb guHaMHHHo pa3BUBaeTca, u noTOMy ocTaeTca eme pag cnopHbix u Heuccjego-BaHHMX BonpocoB.
O.,3,. Mmpo(aHoBa npegjaraja BbigejaTb gBa jeKcunecKux cjoa, opraHU3yM-mux HayHHMH TeKcT - o6mun jeKcunecKHH njacT, b cmhcjobom oTHomeHuu TecHo cBa3aHHHH c jeKcuKon oömeHanuoHajbHoro a3biKa, H3BecTHbin BceM HocuTejaM a3HKa u TepMHHM, orpaHHHeHHHe b cBoeM ynoTpeÖjeHuu onpegejeHHbiMu c(epaMu u u3BecTHMe cnenuajucTaM (MuTpo(aHoBa 1973: 32).
no3gHee jeKcuHecKUH cocTaB a3bma HayKu 6bij onucaH KaK TpexcjonHoe o6pa-3oBaHue. nepBHÖ cjoh npegcTaBjeH HeTepMUHojoruHecKon (o6meynoTpe6uTejb-hoh) jeKcuKon, KoTopaa Bep6aju3yeT HempajbHoe cogep^aHue HayHHbix TeKcToB. OömeHayHHaa jjeKcuKa, onucbiBaromaa araeHua u npoueccbi pa3Hbix HayK, cocraBjaeT BTopon cjoh. TepMUHojorunecKaa jeKcuKa, tohho h ogHo3HaHHo onpegejaMmaa npeg-MeTH, aBjeHua hjh noHaTua KoHKpeTHon HayKu, BxoguT b TpeTun cjoh (^aHujeHKo 1977: 17-19).
B rpynny oömeHayHHon jeKcuKu BxogaT HMeHa cymecTBUTejbHbie nponeccyajb-Horo 3HaneHua: (opMupoBaHue - formation, CTa6HJH3a^Ha - stabilization, TpaHc(op-Manua - transformation; oneHoHHbie npuflarareflbHbie u Hapenua: aKTHBHHH - active, aganTHBHHH - adaptive, ^M^HpHHecKH - empirically; aöcrpaKTHbie cymecTBUTejbHbie: runoTe3a - hypothesis, cTaöujbHocTb - stability; napagurMa - paradigm; aöcTpaKTHHe raaronbi: MoTHBHpoBaTb - motivate, BroyajroupoBarb - visualize u gp.
H. H. EopucoBa oTMenaeT, hto oömeHayHHaa jeKcuKa npegcraBjaeT onpegejeHHbie TpygHocTu gja HayHHon KoMMyHUKanuu, nocKojbKy ee cnenu(uKa npaKTHHecKH He oTpa^eHa b gBya3biHHbix cjoBapax. OgHaKo oHa aBjaeTca cBa3yMmuM u opraHU3y-ramuM 3BeHoM jieKcunecKoro cocTaBa HayHHo-TexHunecKux TeKcToB (EopucoBa 2005: 6). OömeHayHHaa jeKcuKa ynoTpeöjaeTca gja onucaHua HayHHbix noHaTun u gja Bbipa^eHua cBa3u Me^gy hhmh.
Eme ogHön cjo^HocTbra npu royneHuu oömeHayHHon jeKcuKu aBjaeTca ee nocToaHHoe pa3BHTHe: nojuceMua u yBejuneHue KojunecTBa jeKcuHecKux eguHun, cocTaBjaMmux 3tot cjoh HayHHon jeKcuKu. M.n. KoTMpoBa oöiacHaeT TeHgeHnuM k pacmupeHHM uHTerpanuen HayK u ux TepMUHocucTeM, a TaK^e npoHHKHoBeHHeM ogHux MeTogoB HayK b gpyrue (KoTMpoBa 2006).
Pa3BHTue oömeHayHHon jeKcuKu b pa3Hbix a3bmax uMeeT cboh ocoöeHHocTu. ConocTaBjeHue oömeHayHHbix jeKcunecKux eguHun pyccKoro u aHrjuncKoro a3bi-kob no3BojuT B^iaBUTb yHUBepcajbHMe u gH((epeHnupyMmue Heprbi 3Toro cjoa jeKcuKu b paccMarpuBaeMbix a3biKax. Hau6ojee HHTepecHbiM HaM BuguTca u3yneHue jeKcuHecKux napajjejen b oömeHayHHon jeKcuKe, nocKojbKy KaK tohho oTMenaeT
T. nepegpueHKO, E. HcTOMHHa: .ïïeKCHHecKHe napade™ B oS^eHayHHOH ^eKCHKe
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B.B. 3y6unuHcKuH, aBjeHue jeKcunecKux napajjejen conocxaBjaeMbix a3biKOB HenocpegcTBeHHO cBa3aHO c npo^ccoM uHTepHa^uoHaJU3a^uu jeKcuKu u Ha^uoHaJb-HO-KyjbxypHHMH oco6eHHocTaMn ^THx jieKcnHecKnx egnHnu (^y6nHnHcKnn 2015: 5).
nog jeKcnnecKuMu napajjejaMu mm Bcjeg 3a B.B. ,3y6uHuHcKuM noHuMaeM cjOBa gByx eje HecKOjbKnx cEHxpoHEHecKE cpaBHEBaeMbix m3hkob, coBnagaromue b njaHe BbipaxeHua u cxogHbie/HecxogHbie b njaHe cogepxaHua (fly6uHuHcKHH 2015: 62). B.B. ,3,y6uHuHcKun npegjaraeT OTHocuTb k jieKcunecKuM napajjejaM Mexa3biKO-BMe 3aHMcxBOBaHHH, uHxepHanuoHaju3Mbi, «joxHbie gpy3ba nepeBogHuKa», a xaKxe cjynaËHbie coBnageHua jieKcEHecKEx egEHEu b pa3Hbix a3biKax (^y6nHHHcKun 2015).
CaMyro cjoxHyro u HeogHopogHyro Hacxb jeKcuKH, u3 Ha3BaHHbix Bbime, npeg-cxaBjaK)T «joxHbie gpy3ba nepeBogHEKa». HMeHHO ^0^T0My cymecTByroT pa3jEHHbie nogxogbi k Kjaccu^uKanuu u pa3juHHbie Ha3BaHua axux cjob.
H.H. BopucoBa oxMenaex, hto Ha3BaHue «joxHbie gpy3ba nepeBogHuKa», noaBuB-meeca b 1928 rogy u aBjaromeeca KajbKOH c $paHuy3cKoro, 3aKpenujocb b HameM a3MKe, nocKOjbKy xohho xapaKxepu30Baj0 nepeBogHecKoe aBjeHue (BopucoBa 2005: 5-6). OgHaKO yneHaa nojaraeT, hto ^T0 Ha3BaHue 6ojbme nogxoguT gja nepeBogoBege-Hua, a He conocraBjeHua a3biKOB (BopucoBa 2005: 6). KpoMe Toro, B.B. ^y6nHnHcKnn cHuxaex, hto 3to Ha3BaHue jynme 3aMeHuxb u3-3a ero Mexa^opuHHocxu, Koxopaa He cBoncTBeHHa TepMuHOjoruHecKoS jeKcuKe. yneHbin npegjaraeT ucn0jb30BaTb TepMuH joxHbie jieKcunecKne napajjeju, KOTopbin HeTKO BxoguT b Kjaccn^HKannro: nojHbie, HacxuHHbie u losHHe jeKcunecKue napajjeju. noxoxne no $opMe u 3ByHaHuro cjOBa gByx conocxaBjaeMbix a3biKOB, 3HaHeHua Koxopbix ugeHxuHHbi, Ha3biBaroxca nojHHMu jieKcunecKuMu napajjejaMu. napbi cjob, y K0T0pbix coBnagaroT jumb HacTb 3HaneHun, Ha3HBaroxca HenojHbiMu jeKcHHecKHMu napajjejaMu. BHemHe cxogHbie cjOBa gByx a3biKOB, He coBnagaromue hu b ogHOM u3 cboux 3HaneHun, Ha3HBaroxca joxhhmu jeKcnnecKuMu napajjejaMu (,3y6uHuHcKHH 2016).
OgHaKO rpynna «joxHbix gpy3en nepeBogHuKa» (joxHbix jeKcnnecKux napaj-jejen) nogpo6HO b cxaxbe paccMOxpeHa He 6ygex, noxoMy hto gaHHbie jeKcunecKHe egnHHUH gocTaTOHHO xopomo E3yneHbi, bo MHorux a3biKax cocraBjeHbi cjOBapu, hto n03B0jaeT HHBejnpoBaTb omn6KK. KpoMe Toro b nape a3biKOB pyccKEË :: aHrjinncKnn b 06meHayHH0H jeKcuKe joxHbie napajjeju o6pa3yrox cjOBa, npeuMymecxBeHHo npuHagjexamue k pa3HMM HacTaM penu (cymecTBuTejbHbie u npujaraxeflbHbie, cymecxBuxejbHHe u raarojbi), hto xaKxe n03B0jaex npu ^yHKquoHupoBaHuu b koh-TeKcTe onpegejuTb 3HaneHue. npunuHon 06pa30BaHua TaKux napajjejen aBjaeTca tot $aKT, hto b aHrauncKOM a3MKe gja 06pa30BaHHa hobmx cjob mupoKO ucnojb3yexca KOHBepcna, b to BpeMa KaK b pyccKOM a3bme goMuHupyex a$$uKcaqua.
ConocxaBuM o6meHayHHyro jeKcuKy pyccKoro u aHrjuncKoro a3MKOB gja B^iaB-jeHHa jeKcHHecKHx napajjejen, a xaKxe gja u3yHeHua ux cooxHomeHHa.
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2	MeTogo^orHH HCC.egoBaHHH
MarepuanoM uccnegoBaHua aBnaeTca neKCUKa H3 Academic Word List u ee pyc-CKoa3biHHbie aHanoru. CnncoK o6meHayHHon neKCHKH (Academic Word List) 6bin pa3pa6oTaH ABepun KoKcxeg (Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand). CnncoK cocTaBneH Ha 0CH0Be Kopnyca o6meHayHHon neKCHKH (Academic Corpus) u cogep^nr 2000 Han6onee HacTOTHbix cnoB aHrnuncKoro a3biKa, BcrpeHaromuxca b mnpoKoM cneKTpe HayHHbix TeKCToB. ^puH^u^aMu oT6opa o6meHayHHon neKCHKH, Bxogamen b cnncoK, aBnaroTca nacTOTHocTb ynoTpe6neHna h pa3H006pa3ue c$ep ucnonb30BaHua (Academic Word List).
MeTogoM cnnomHon Bbi6opKu h3 Oxford Learner's Dictionary of Academic English (OLDAE), b kotophh BCTpoeH CnucoK o6meHayHHon jieKCHKH, Bbi6paHbi aHniuncKue cnoBa, o6pa3yromue neKcnnecKne napannenn C pyccKon o6meHayHHon neKCUKon. K neKcnnecKUM napannenaM b HameM nCCnegoBaHnn mm othochm napu cnoB coBnaga-K^ue no 3BynaHHM n HanucaHuro, npuHUMaa bo BHnMaHne pa3nnHna $0HeTUHecK0n u an^aBHTHon cucreM cpaBHUBaeMbix a3bK0B. rpa^unecKoe u 3ByKoBoe CooTBeTCTBue aBnaeTca o6a3arenbHbiM ycnoBueM, a Mop^onornnecKaa npuHagne^HocTb BTopocre-neHHa. nocKonbKy uMeHHo rpa^unecKoe u 3ByKoBoe cxogcTBo 6e3 yneTa cogep^aHna npuBogaT k omu6KaM u K0MMyHUKaraBHbiM HeyganaM. TaK, HanpuMep, neKcnnecKne eguHu^i Ko^enm u concept uMeKT a6conKTHoe rpa^nnecKoe u 3ByKoBoe cooTBeT-CTBue, a TaK^e ugenruHHyro Mop^onornnecKyro npuHagne^Hocrb. OgHaKo, b napax academic - amdeMUK, functional - ^yn^uonaji, constructive - KOHcmpyxmue Ha6nK-gaeTca CooTBeTCTBue b nnaHe Bbipa^eHna npu HecoBnagaromen Mop^onornnecKon npuHagne^HocTu. Cy$$uKCbi -ic, -al, -ive o6o3HanaroT npuHagne^HocTb k Knaccy npunararenbHbix b aHrnuncK0M asHKe, b to BpeMa KaK b pyccKoM asuKe ux rpa^uHe-CKne u 3ByKoBue aHanoru aBnaKTca cy$$uKcaMu cymecTBnrenbHbix.
Hcnonb3ya Merogu ge$uHu^u0HH0^0 u cpaBHUTenbHo - conocraBUTenbHoro aHa-nu3a, 0T06paHHue npuMepu 6unu pacnpegeneHu Ha rpynnu: nonHue neKCunecKue napannenn, HacTUHHbie neKcnnecKue napannenn u no^Hbie neKcnnecKne napannenn. ,3,na onucaHua B3auMogencTBua neKCunecKux eguHu^ o6meHayHHon neKCHKH BHyTpu rpynn b pa6oTe TaK^e 6unu ucnonb30BaHu ucropuKo^TUMonoruHecKun aHanu3, aHanu3 CTeneHu ceMaHTUHecKoro cxogcTBa u ^neMeHTM CTarucTunecKoro MeToga.
3	Pe3y.bTaTH
MeTogoM cnnomHon bm6opku U3 Academic Word List 6uno 0T06paH0 296 cnoB, K0T0pue o6pa3yKT napannenn c o6meHayHHon neKCUKon pyccKoro a3UKa. TaK ®e 6un npoBegeH aHanu3 cnoBapHbix ge^uHunun u 0T06paHHue napu cnoB 6binu pacnpegeneHu
T. nepegpueHKO, E. HcTOMHHa: .ïïeKCHHecKHe napade™ B oS^eHayHHOH ^eKCHKe
609
Ha rpynnbi c a6cojK>THbiM coBnageHueM 3HaneHun b o6ohx a3biKax (nojHbie jeKcu-necKHe napajfleju), c HenojHbiM coBnageHueM 3HaneHun (nacTHHHbie jeKcunecKHe napajjeju) u c a6cojK>THbiM HecoBnageHueM 3HaneHun (joxHbie napajfleju). ygejbHbm Bec .eKcunecKHx napa..e.en b H3yneHHOM Marepuaje cocraBjaeT 14,8%. 112 nap c.ob aBjaroTca no.HbiMH napajjejaMu, 65 nap c.ob o6pa3yK>T jo^Hbie napajjeju u 119 nap c.ob coBnagaroT He bo Bcex 3HaneHuax, aBjaacb nacrunHbiMu napajjejaMu. npo^HTHoe cooTHomeHue .eKcnnecKHx napa..e.en npegcraBjeHo Ha pucyHKe 1.
nojHbie .eKcunecKne napa..e.u npegcraBjeHbi 6o.bmen nacrbro unrepHanuo-Ha.bHbiMH c.oBaMu jjaruHcKoro npoucxo^geHua (67,85%). ^aHHbin (aKT o6'bacHaeTca TeM, hto jaTHHcKHH M3HK gojroe BpeMa cnuTajca m3hkom HayKu. HHTepHauuoH&iu3Mbi jaruHcKoro npoucxo^geHna (yH^uoHupyroT b conocraBjaeMbix a3bmax caMocroa-TejbHo (component - KOMnoHeHm, index - uHdeKc), a TaK^e o6pa3yroT ceMbu (intensity ^ intensive ^ intensively; minimal ^ minimize; UHmeHcUBHocmb ^ UHmeHcuemiu ^ uHmeHcueHo; MUHUMcwbHbiu ^ MUHUMusupoeamb). Ha BTopoM MecTe no 3HaHHMo-ctu HaxogaTca uHTepHanuoHaju3Mbi rpenecKoro npoucxo^geHna (method - Memod; hypothesis - ^unome3a; criterion - Kpumepuu), KojunecTBo kotopmx cocTaBjaeT 18,75%. nojHbie napajjeju b o6meHayHHon jeKcuKe TaK^e o6pa3yroT unrepHa-^uoHaJU3MM (paH^3cKoro npoucxo^geHna (7,14%), HeMe^K0^0 npoucxo^geHua (1,79%) u aHrauncKoro npoucxo^geHua (4,46%).
^,e(uHu^uoHHMH aHaju3, BbiaBjaromun ceMaffrunecKoe cxogcTBo Me^gy neK-cnnecKHMu eguHu^Mu, noKa3aj, hto 3HanuTejbHyro HacTb o6meHayHHon jeKcuKH cocTaBjaroT HenonHbie jeKcunecKne napajjeju. HenojHbiMu jeKcunecKHMu napan-jejaMu aBjaroTca napbi cjob, c Hea6conroTHbiM coBnageHueM 3HaneHun. HanpuMep, b cjoBapHbix cTaTbax jeKcnnecKHx eguHu^ technology u TexHojoraa yKa3aHHo ogu-HaKoBoe KojHnectbo 3HaneHun, ho ogHo u3 hux He coBnagaeT.
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Technology: 1 scientific knowledge used in practical ways in industry, for example in designing new machines; 2 machinery or equipment designed using technology (OLDAE).
TexH0M0^uH^. 1 c0B0KynH0CTb MeTogoB, npo^ccoB u cpegcTB, ucnojb3yeMbix npu npou3Bogcrae, roroTOBjeHuu nero-!.; 2 coBoKynHocrb 3HaHufi o cnoco6ax o6pa6oTKu MarepuajoB, rogejufi u MeTogax ocy^ecTBjeHua KaKux-j. npou3BogcTBeHHbix npo-^ccob [ETCP£].
06mnM gja gaHHMx jeKcunecKux eguHun aBjaeTca to, hto ohu o6o3HanaroT coBoKynHocTb 3HaHUH, ucno^b3yeMHx b npou3BogcTBeHHbix npo^ccax. AHmuncKaa ^eKCunecKaa eguHu^ TaK^e Ha3HBaeT MamuHbi hhu o6opygoBaHue, pa3pa6oTaHHbie c ucno^b3oBaHueM TexHojoruu, b to BpeMa KaK pyccKaa ueKcHHecKaa eguHu^ ^T0^0 3Ha-neHna He uMeeT. BTopoe 3HaneHue jjeKcunecKon eguHu^i mexH0M0^uH TaK^e ocraeTca a6cTpaKTHHM, Ha3HBaa «coBoKynHocTb 3HaHufi o cnoco6ax o6pa6oTKu MarepuajoB».
nogrpynna HenojHbix jieKcHnecKux napajjejen, b KoTopyro BKjroneHH jieKcHnecKue eguHuuH c oguHaKoBtiM KomHecrBoM 3HaneHun, HeMHoronucjeHHa u cocraBjaeT 15,13%.
ropa3go na^e b napax cjob aHrjiuncKoro u pyccKoro a3HKa oTMenaeTca accuMe-Tpua 3HaneHun oTHocuTejbHo gpyr gpyra. ahmu3 noKa3aj, hto u3 uccjegoBaHHbix cTa geBMTHaguaru HenojHbix jeKcunecKux napajjejen noHTu nojoBuHa (49,58%) npuxoguTca Ha napbi, rge y jeKceMbi aHrjiuncKoro a3HKa 6ojbme 3HaneHun, HeM y jeKceMH pyccKoro a3HKa.
HanpuMep, aHnuncKoe cy^ecrBuTejbHoe aspect uMeeT cjegyro^un pag 3HaHeHun: 1 a particular feature of a situation, an idea or a process; a way in which something may be considered; 2 a particular surface or side of an object or a part of the body; the direction in which something faces; 3 the form of a verb that shows, for example, whether the action happens once or many times, is completed or is still continuing (OLDAE). napHoe eMy pyccKoe cy^ecTBuTejbHoe acneKm TojKyeTca b cjoBapax KaK. 1 tohka 3peHua, c kotopok paccMarpuBaroTca KaKHe-ju6o npegMera, aBjeHua, noHama; 2 onpegejeHHaa cTopoHa KaKoro-ju6o aBjeHua, noHaTua (E^peMoBa 2000). 06^umu b 3tok ueKcHHecKon napajjeju aBjaroTca 3HaneHua 1 u 2. TpeTbero 3HaneHua, Ha3biBaro^ero rpaMMaruHe-cKyro Kareropuro raaroja, pyccKoe cy^ecTBuTejbHoe He uMeeT.
KaK npaBujo, 3HaneHue, yKa3aHHoe b cjoBapHon cTarbe nepBHM, aBjaeTca Hau6ojee Ba^HHM u nacroTHbiM. Ho npu conocTaBjeHuu jeKcunecKux ^apaIIeIeH craHoBuTca oneBugH^iM, hto BaxHocTb u HacroTHocrb 3HaneHun uHTepHanuoHMbHbix cjob b pa3Hbix a3HKax He coBnagaeT. AHnjuncKun naroj inspect onucbBaerca cjoBapeM cjegyro^uM
T. nepegpueHKO, E. HcTOMHHa: .ïïeKCHHecKHe napade™ B oS^eHayHHOH ^eKCHKe
611
06pa30M: 1 to look closely at something/somebody, especially to check that everything is as it should be; 2 to officially visit a school, factory, etc. in order to check that rules are being obeyed and that standards are acceptable (OLDAE). CooTBeTcTByromun riaroi pyccKoro a3HKa uMeeT iumb 3HaneHue 'npoBeparb npaBuibHocrb Hbux-iu6o gencTBun b nopagKe Hag3opa' (0®eroB 2000).
Bropon no HanoiHaeMocru, cocTaBiaa 35,29 % ot o6mero KoiunecTBa HenoiHbix leKCHHeoKux napaiieien, aBiaeTca nogrpynna, b kotophx b pyccKoM a3HKe Ha6irogaeTca 6oibme 3HaneHun, neM b aHriuncKoM. PaccMoTpuM HecKoibKo npuMepoB napaiieien u3 ^Ton nogrpynnbi. B cioBapHon cTaTbe cy^ecTBHTeibHoro final npegcTaBieHbi ciegyromue onpegeieHua: 1 the last of a series of games or competitions in which the winner is decided; 2 an exam taken by school, university or college students at the end of a semester or quarter usually in a topic that they will not study again (OLDAE). Ero napa $uhcim TpaKTyeTca KaK:
1.	oKoHnaHue, 3aBepmeHue, KOHe^ nero-i.;
2.	3aKironuTeibHaa nacTb cnopTuBHHx copeBHoBaHun, BbiaBiaromaa no6eguTeia;
3.	3aKiroHuTeibHaa nacTb My3HKaibHoro npou3BegeHua, cneKTaKia, uMeromero HecKoibKo nacTeu (BTCPH). 06muM gia gaHHHx ieKcunecKux eguHu^ aBia-eTca BTopoe 3HaneHue, b ocTaibHbix 3HaneHnax oTMenaroTca HecoBnageHua c npeBaiupoBaHueM 3HaneHun y pyccKoro cymecrBuTeibHoro.
HeKoTopHe TpygHocTu b onpegeieHuu coBnageHua u HecoBnageHua 3HaneHun MoryT Bo3HuKaTb u3-3a cTuiucTMnecKux pa3iuHun. HanpuMep, 3HaneHua aHmuncKoro cymecrBuTeibHoro procedure:
1.	a way of doing something, especially the usual or correct way;
2.	the official or formal order or way of doing something, especially in business, law or politics;
3.	a medical operation cxo^u co 3HaneHuaMu, npegcTaBieHHbiMu b cioBapHon cTaTbe pyccKoro cymecTBuTeibHoro npo^e^ypa:
1.	o^uuuaibHo ycTaHoBieHHaa nociegoBareibHocTb gencTBun gia ocymecrBie-Hua uiu o^opMieHua nero-i.
2.	xog, nociegoBareibHocTb gencTBun b KaKoM-iu6o geie;
3.	iene6Hoe MeponpuaTue, npegnucaHHoe BpanoM (OLDAE, BTCP£). EguHcrBeHHtiM pa3iMHueM aBiaeTca 3HaneHue «xog, nociegoBareibHocTb gencTBun b KaKoM-iu6o geie», KoTopoe b pyccKoM a3HKe ynoTpe6iaeTca KaK pa3roBopHoe, ocTaBaacb HenTpaibHHM b aHriuncKoM a3HKe.
PacnpegeieHue ieKcnHecKnx eguHu^ no nogrpynnaM b 3aBucuMocTu ot Koinne-cTBa coBnagaromux 3HaneHun npegcTaBieHo Ha PucyHKe 2.
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PMC. 2
■ /lencMHecHMe napa/i/ie/in
M /leKctwecKMe napa/uie/m C 60/lt>UJHM KWIMHeCTBOM 3H3HGHHM B 3 H T/1 M K C KOM
nsbrne (49,58%)
c oamhskoeblm
«CWlW^eCTBOM 3H34eHKii
(15,13%)
/leKCMMecKHe napa/i/ie™ c 6ojibiLiMM KonimecTsom
3H34&HHW B pyCCHOM
HíbIKC (35,29%)
4 BMBO.IM
npOBegeHHHH aHajH3 jieKCHnecKux naparaejen b oö^eHaynHon jieKCUKe pyccKOrO
H aHIjUHCKOIO 33biKOB nOKH3bIBaeT, HTO B OCHOBHOM ^TOT njaCT jeKCHKH o6pa3yK)T
nOjHbie (37,84%) u HenojHbie (40,20%) napajjeju. üojHbie jieKCHHecKue naparneju npegcTaBjeHH Öojbmen nacrbro HHTepHanuoHajbHbiMH cjOBaMu jiaTHHCKOrO npouc-xo^geHua (67,85%), hto oö^acHaeTca TeM, hto gojroe BpeMa oh CHurajca 33hkom
HayKH. HaHÖojbmHe TpygHOCTH Bbi3biBaroT HenoïïHbie napajjejH H3-3a OTjunua b KOAHHecTBe 3HaneHHH y cjob, o6pa3yromux napajjejb, hjh H3-3a CTHjucTune ckhx pa3jHHHH b ynoTpeöjeHHH. nogrpynna HenojHbix jeKCHnecKux napajjejen, b
KOTOpyM BKjKHeHbl jeKCHHeCKHe egHHHUH C OgHHaKOBMM KOïïHHeCTBOM 3HaneHHH, HeMHoroHHCjeHHa h cocTaBjaeT 15,13%. B ochobhom b napax cjob OTMenaeTca acuMMeTpua 3HaneHHH OTHOCUTejbHO gpyr gpyra.
nojyneHHHe gaHHbie no3BOjaroT ycraHOBUTb 6ojee nojHyro KapTHHy B3auMO-OTHomeHHH jeKCHHecKux napajjejen gByx 33hkob, noKa3biBaroT ux cxo^ecTb h HauHOHajbHO - KyjbTypHbie otjhhhs, a TaK^e no3BOjaroT H3Öe®aTb HeKOTopbix bo3mo®hhx omuöoK npu nepegane pe3yjbTaTOB HaynHbix uccjegoBaHun Ha pogHOM
H HHOCTpaHHOM 33bIKax.
.roöoBb H. BopucoBa, 2005: «ïïowubie dpy3bn nepeeoduum». Oô^euaynuan jeKCUKa.
MocKBa: HBH-TE3AypyC [Ljubov' I. Borisova, 2005: «Ložnye druzja perevodčika». Obščenaučnaja leksika. Moskva: NVI-TEZAURUS.]
.htepatypa
T. nepegpueHKO, E. HcTOMHHa: .ïïeKCHHecKHe napade™ B oS^eHayHHOH ^eKCHKe
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Cepren B. rpuHeB-rpuHeBun, 2008: TepMUHoeedeHue. MocKBa: AKageMua (Academia). [Sergej V Grinev-Grinevič, 2008: Terminovedenie. Moskva: Akademja (Academia).] Banepna n. ^aHH^eHKO, 1977: PyccKax mepMUH0J0^ux: Onum JUH^eucmu^ecK0^0
onucanun. MocKBa: HayKa. [Valerija P. Danilenko, 1977: Russkaja terminologija: Opyt lingvističeskogo opisanija. Moskva: Nauka.]
BjagnMnp B. ^y6nHHHCKnn, TujbMaHH Pohtep, 2015: Teopun u jeKcumspa^mecKoe onucanue jeKcmecKux napajjejeu. XapbKOB: H3g-BO (nigpynHUK HTy "Xni"). [Vladimir V Dubičinskij, Til'mann Rojter, 2015: Teorija i leksikografičeskoe opisanie
leksičeskih parallelej. Har'kov: Izd-vo (Pidručnik NTU"XnF').] BjagnMnp B. ^y6nHHHCKnn, 2016: O hobom jieKcnKorpa^unecKOM npoeKTe: PyccKO-HeMe^OM cjOBape jeKcHnecKHx napajnenen. Hoean Poccun: Tpaču^u u unno-ea^u e %3UKe u HayKe o %3UKe. MocKBa; EKaTepHH6ypr: Ka6uHeTHbin yneHbin. [Vladimir V. Dubičinskij, 2016: O novom leksikografičeskom proekte: Russko-nemeckom slovare leksičeskih parallelej. Novaja Rossija: Tradicii i innovacii v jazyke i nauke o jazyke. Moskva; Ekaterinburg: Kabinetnyj učenyj.] TaTbaHa E^peMOBa, 2000: Hoeuu cjoeapb pyccKo^o asbiKa (HCPfl). Tojkobo-
cjoeoo6pa3oeamejbnuu. MocKBa: PyccKnn a3biK. [Tat'jana F. Efremova, 2000: Novyj slovar' russkogo jazyka (NSRJa). Tolkovo-
slovoobrazovatel 'nyj. Moskva: Russkij jazyk.] Mapna n. Kottopoba, 2006: O6meHaynHaa jeKcuKa. CmunucmmecKuu ^H^uKJone-dmecKuu cjoeapb pyccKo^o asbiKa. nog pega^uen M.H. Ko^hhoh. MocKBa: OjHHTa, HayKa.
[Marija P. Kotjurova, 2006: Obščenaučnaja leksika. Stilističeskij enciklopedičeskij
slovar'russkogo jazyka. Pod redakciej M.N. Kožinoj. Moskva: Flinta, Nauka.] rpuropuH A. KpbijOB, 2005: ^muM0J0^u^ecKUu cjoeapb pyccK0^0 asbiKa. Cn6.: nojurpa^ ycjyru.
[Grigorij A. Krylov, 2005: Etimologičeskij slovar' russkogo jazyka. SPb.: Poligraf uslugi.]
Cepren A. Ky3He^B, 1998: Eojbmou monmeuu cjoeapb pyccK0^0 %3biKa (ETCPH).
CaHKT-neTep6ypr: HopuHT. [Sergej A. Kuznecov, 1998: Bol 'šoj tolkovyj slovar'russkogo jazyka (BTSRJa). Sankt-Peterburg: Norint.]
Ojbra MuTpo^aHOBa, 1973: H3uk HayHHo-mexumecKou numepamypu. MocKBa:
H3g-BO MocKOBcKoro yHUBepcuTeTa. [Ol'ga D. Mitrofanova, 1973: Jazyk naučno-techničeskoj literatury. Moskva: Izd-vo
Moskovskogo universiteta.] Cepren H. O^eroB, HaTajba ro. fflBegoBa, 2000: Tojkobmu cjoeapb pyccKo^o x3biKa.
MocKBa: A36yKOBHUK. [Sergej I. Ožegov, Natal'ja Ju. Svedova, 2000: Tolkovyj slovar' russkogo jazyka.
Moskva: Azbukovnik.] MaKc OacMep, 1986: SmuMojosunecKuu cjoeapbpyccKoso H3UKa e IVmoMax. MocKBa: nporpecc.
[Maks Fasmer, 1986: Etimologičeskij slovar' russkogo jazyka v IV tomah. Moskva: Progress.]
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Academic Word List. B cera.
Online Etimology Dictionary (OED). B cera.
Oxford Learner's Dictionary of Academic English (OLDAE). B cera.
Povzetek
V prispevku se analizirajo leksikalne paralele v splošnem znanstvenem jeziku v ruščini in angleščini. Kot gradivo je bila uporabljena leksika iz Academic Word List (pribl. 2000 besed) in njene ruske ustreznice. Ta seznam je bil sestavljen na univerzi Victoria v Wellingtonu na Novi Zelandiji. V t. i. paralelno leksiko so vključeni večinoma internacionalni izrazi s koreni iz latinščine in grščine, manjše število izrazov pa izvira iz francoščine, angleščine in nemščine.
Ugotovljeno je bilo, da 37,84 % te leksike tvori popolne, 40,20 % pa delne paralele; v prvem primeru gre za enak obseg pomena in enako število pomenov (npr. component - KOMnoHeHm, index - uHdeKc), pri drugem pa ima lahko angleški ali ruski izraz različno število pomenov (ponavadi ima angleški izraz več pomenov kot ruski), nekateri pomeni so različni ali pa sta si izraza stilistično različna. Kot zgled delne paralele lahko služita izraza technology in mexH0M0^uH, saj je eden od pomenov angleškega izraza 'oprema in stroji', medtem ko ruski izraz nima tega konkretnega pomena.
Ugotovitve prispevka so koristne za izogibanje napakam pri poročanju o rezultatih znanstvenih raziskav.