O CTpyKType Tpex roMepOBCRMx rMMHOB: K AnonnoHy flenoccKOMy, K AnonnoHy nu-^MMCKOMy, K repMecy Muxaun Ee3nun The article analyses the structure of the homeric hymn To Apollo, the two parts of which - "To Delian Apollo" and "To Pythian Apollo" - are considered as a single ritual text. Apollo is also a central personage of the hymn "To Hermes", which, together with "To Delian Apollo" and "To Pythian Apollo", can be considered as part of the single ritual cycle. 1. Po^geHHe AnonnoHa: III (1). K AnonnoHy flenoccKoMy1 OHeBugHa puTyanbHaH crpyKTypa paccKa3a o po^geHMM AnonnoHa (25-126), 6o-nee Toro, bo3mo^ho npegnono^MTb, hto 3gecb onMCbBaeTCH peanbHbift puTyan, MMeB-muM b KaHecTBe CBoeft ugeanbHoft Mogenu po:«geHMe 6ora. «OcHoBHaH ^yH^MH MH^a CoCToMT B paCKpblTMM o6pa3^BbIX Mogeneft Bcex pHTyanoB M BCHKoM 3HaWTenbHoM HenoBeHecKoft geHTenbHocTM»2. ^To ^e CaMoe mo^ho CKa3aTb MHaHe: mm^ gaeT ugeanb-Hoe oCHoBaHue gnH cy^ecTByro^ero puTyana unu geHTenbHocTM, coothoch mx c o6pa3-^bom CMTya^MeM, MMeBmeft MecTo illo tempore, Korga CBepxbecTecTBeHHbie cy^ecraa e^e He onpegenunucb b tom mhm mhom CBoeM KaHecTBe - 6oroB, geMoHoB unu nrogeft3. B MM^MHecKoft CMTya^MM npoucxoguT onpegeneHue u 3aKpenneHue ^yH^uft aMop^Hbix cy^ecTB, m ^0^T0My oHa ecTb eueepeMeunaH, b tom CMbicne, hto ot Hee ugeT BpeMH b CBoeft KanecTBeHHoft onpegeneHHocTM, ho caMa oHa ctomt go BpeMeHM4. 3gecb m ganee roMepoBCKMe ruMHH ^MT. b nepeBoge B.B. BepecaeBa no: ruMHb 1988. HyMepa^MH gaeTCH no: Hesiod 1982. B CKo6Kax TaK^e yKa3bBaeTCH HyMepa^MH, npuHHTaH BepecaeBbM, Korga oHa He coBnagaeT c npMHHToM B aHraMMCKoM M3gaHMM. Eliade 1966, p. 30. PuTyan cogep^MT ugeanbHyro cxeMy MM^a, t. e. puTyan ecTb tot ®e caMbM mm^, ho gaHHbM b CBoeM hmc-tom, ^cceH^uanbHou (^opMe, hto He o3HaHaeT 6eccogep®aTe;ibHocTM: caMa no ce6e ^opMa ecTb cogep^aHue, a noceMy gBM^eHue ot puTyanbHoM cxeMb k cnoBecHoMy ee Hano^HeHuro, t. e. k MM^y HMKorga He ecTb npoM3BonbHoe. Ecnu 6b sto 6bro He TaK, to mh^ HaBcerga 6b yxogun ot puTyana, M3 KoToporo Bbmei, ho oh Bo3Bpa^aeTCH b puTyan, CTaHoBMTCH aneMeHToM puTyanbHoro geMcTBa, cnuBaeTCH c hum nomocTbro. 3to doepeMeHHoe epeMX, Korga hm ogHa ^opMa He 6bra 3aKpenneHa u KaK 6b nepe^MBanacb ogHa b gpyryro, aBCTpanuMCKue a6opureHb Ha3bBaroT Dreamtime, hto oHeHb tohho nepegaeT ugero nepBoHa^bHoro Mupa KaK cHa. CxogHyro ugero Mb HaxoguM b BMmHyMCTCKoM kocmotohmm: KocMoroHMHecKMM npo^cc HaHMHa-eTCH b MoMeHT npo6y®geHMH 6ora, ^MKCupya ^opMb, HBMBmuecH b goKocMoroHMHecKoM CHe. gyHmeM un-^rocTpa^MeM MM^UHecKoro BpeMeHM MoryT cny^MTb MemaMop$o3bi OBuguH. B geMcTBUTenbHoocTM peHb ugeT He o npeBpa^eHMHx, a ^MKca^MM cy^ecTB b KaKoM-To ogHoM onpegeneHHoM ^opMe, KoTopaH y^e He Mo^eT M3MeHMTbCH. 3aMeHaTe7ibHo onucaHue ne^epb, rge o6uTaroT CHb (Met. XI, 590-649), KoTopbe caMM no ce6e He MMeroT HMKaKoM ^opMb, ho cnoco6Hb npuHHTb nro6yro: ffpysou cmaHoeunca / nmu%eu, unb 3eepeM necHUM, unu dnuHHow menoM 3Meew (638-639: nepeBog C.B. fflepBMHCKoro no: OBuguM 1983). 3Ty ne^epy mo^ho paccMaTpuBaTb KaK to, hto ocTanocb ot nepeBoHaHanbHoro Mupa, Korga Bce 6bro chom m He 6bMo HM ogHoM ycToMHMBoM ^opMbi. 4 Co3peBaHMe 3apogbima npegnonaraeT BpeMH, ho peanbHoe BpeMH HaHMHaeTca, Korga 3apogbim BbixoguT M3 BHyTpeHHero npocTpaHCTBa yTpo6bi bo BHemHee npo-CTpaHCTBo Mupa, oTgenenfleTcfl ot cBoen TeMHOM ochobh m cTaHOBMTca cym^ecmeoM. M mOTOMy Bce, hto 6bino go ^To^o Bbixoga b npocTpaHCTBo u BpeMH, 6bino BHeBpeMeH-hhm m BHenpocTpaHCTBeHHHM. Pa3geneHue Ha BpeMeHHoe u goBpeMeHHoe, npocrpaHc-TBeHHoe u gonpocTpaHCTBeHHoe, noHHTHo, - ycnoBHoe. B ^T0M do ecTb cBoe BpeMH u npocTpaHCTBo, ho Bce ®e ohm - gpyrue, cKpynennue, pacnpHMnHMnromuecH b pe3ynb-TaTe po^geHMH b npocTpaHCTBe.5 C ^T0H KocMoroHunecKoM cropoHbi genaeTca noHHTHHM nepeMe^eHue ^eTo ot ogHon tühkm b npocTpaHCTBe k gpyron, b pe3ynbTaTe Hero co3gaeTca npocmpaHcmBo poMdenux, cymecTBoBaHue KoToporo HBnfleTcfl Heo6xoguMbiM ycnoBueM po^geHua, Ha KaKoM 6h ypoBHe oho He npoucxoguno. A noceMy puTyan po^geHua b HeMeHbmen cre-neHu, HeM cTpouTenbHbm puTyan, gon®eH 6bin MMeTb gna ce6a KocMoroHMHecKyro mü-genb6. B Teo^oHuu lecuoga KocMoroHMH u TeoroHua onucbiBaroTca c KaK eguHbiM cnoH-TaHHbM npo^cc caM03ap0®geHMH u po^geHua. Bbimegmaa M3 6ecK0HeHH0M yTpo6bi Xaoca7 Iefl-3eMnfl nopo^gaeT M3 ce6a YpaHa-He6o, ropbi, hmm^, Mope (Th. 126-132). flo ^T0^0 MoMeHTa ugeT nopo^geHue 06,beKT0B (He6o, ropH, Mope), xoth m ^0TeH^Ma^b-hhx, Ha hto yKa3HBaeT, KaK Ka^eTca, onpegeneHue Mopa-noHTa KaK 6ecnno^Ho^o (Th. 131: átpÚYEtov). Ho u He6o TonbKo gon^Ho cTaTb ^atópeam Gsoíc; sSoc; áa^aÁsc; (Th. 128: 6na®eHHHM 6oraM ®unume Hage^Hoe), t. e. u oho MMeeT ^0TeH^Ma^bHbIM xapaK-Tep, KaK u Bce nopo^geHMH Xaoca8. B ^T0M K0CM0r0HMHecK0M KoHTeKcTe TeoroHMH M0®eT 6HTb onpegeneHa KaK aK-myanu3a^x MMero^uxca ^0TeH^Ma^bHbIx ^^eMeHT0B. M b caM0M gene, Ka^gbiM 6or ynpaBHHeT onpegeneHHOM K0cMMHecK0M o6nacTbK>. C Toro MoMeHTa, Korga oh BxoguT b ee BnageHue, t. e. poMdaemcx, ^TM ^0TeH^ManbHHe ^neMeHTH cTaHOBATca peanbHHMu KocMUHecKUMM o6^eKTaMu. OcBo6o®gaHcb ot 3onomux noex3oK (128-129) AnonnoH cpa3y ®e onpegenaeT cbom ^yH^uu: nycmb nodadym MHe u3o^Hymuü nyK u nm6e3nym nupy. / HrndxM nanny npopu^mb x peuenbx rnnoMHue 3eBca! (III (I), 131-132: £Ír| ^oi KÍ0apt; t£ fíXn Kai Ka^núÁa tó^a, / XPHaw S' ávGpwnoiai Aio; vr^epTéa ^ouX^v). ^T0 oKoHHanbHoe pacnycKaHue cex3eü (128-129), cMMBonM3MpyK>mux yTpo6Hyro coegu-HeHHocTb 3apogbima, npoucxoguT nocne Toro, KaK H0Bopo®geHHbm AnonnoH BKyma-eT numy 6oroB: rpydu CBoeü He daeana Remo 3namonupHOMy 0e6y: / HeKmap 0eMuda Bnycmuna b HemneHHue ^y6u MnadeH^ / BMecme c aMBpocueü nyÓHoü (123-125). TaKMM 5 CKa3aHue o nHTM HenoBeHecKux pogax (Hes. Op. 109-201) mü^hü paccMaTpuBaTb KaK cBoero poga ucTopuro goBpeMeHHoro unu nepBüHaHanbHüro Mupa. nHToe nüKüneHue 3aBepmaeT ucTüpuro güBpeMeHHüro Mupa m ügHüBpeMeHHü HaHMHaeT ucTüpuHecKüe BpeMH stricto sensu. HeTBepTüe nüKüneHue no;iy6o®ecTBeHHbix re-poeB nüHTM nogomno k ucTüpuHecKüMy BpeMeHM, hü Bce ®e He Bomno b Hero, ucHe3HyB do epeMenu. 6 O K0cM0r0HMHecK0M Mügenu cTpouTenbHHx puTyanüB cm.: Eliade 1967, Cap.1. 7 STMMünüruro Xaoca ycTaHaBnuBaeT H. MuxañnüB: «Xáo; y Tecuoga - stü nepeunnax (npÓTiora) yTpo6a, KüTüpaH caMa ce6a nopo^gaeT m po^gaeT Bce ocTanbHüe» (MuxaMnüB 1989, c. 78). 8 Cp.: Hepnax Honb u y¿pwMuü ^pe6 podunucb u3 Xaoca. / Honb Me ^^up poduna u cuamw,uü ffenb, unb reMepy: / Mx 3anana ona e npeee, c ^pe6oM e nw6eu conemaeuucb (Th. 124-126; ^MT. b nepeBoge B.B. Bepe-caeBa no: Tecuog 2001). fleHb (H^épn), nocKünbKy HeT HMHero, KpüMe Hühm m 3pe6a, K0T0pbie cnuBaroTca b eguHüñ güKücMürüHMHecKüM TeMHüTe, cymecTByeT ucKnroHMTenbHü KaK HucTaa B03M0^H0cTb. TaK^e m He6o ecTb He 6onee KaK Hepeanu3üBaHHaa eme B03M0^H0cTb, nocKünbKü ühü He MMeeT üTgenbHoro üt 3eMnu cymecTBüBaHMH, a cnMTü c Hero (126-127: raía Sé Toi npwrov ^ev éyeívaro íaov e' aürp / Oüpavov áoTepóevO', iva ^iv nepi návTa KaXúnroi), t. e. HBnaeTca, KaK m 3eMna, nopo^geHMeM Xaoca unu, BepHee, BHgeneHMeM M3 Hero. 0Ópa30M, ÁnonnoH BnonHe ocBo6o:«gaeTCH ot CBH3biBaro^Hx ero neneH TonbKo nocne Toro, KaK oh BnonHe onpegenunca b KanecTBe 6ora: nocne Toro KaK BKycun th, BnagbiKa, ot nH^n 6eccMepTH0M, BypHbix gBM^eHMM tbomx He cgep^anu peMHH 3onoTbie, Cna6bi CBHBanbHHKu CTanu, u Bce pacnycranucb 3aBH3KH. (127-128) CaMo no ce6e po:«geHHe ot 6orMHM He gocraToHHo, hto6h cgenaTbca 6oroM, ga^e ecnu ot^m HBnaeTCH 6or, a He CMepTHbiM nenoBeK, KaK b cnynae ^HeH (V. K Aifipodu-me). BKymeHMe nH^n 6oroB cyTb TonbKo 3aKnK>HHTenbHbiM MoMeHT: CHanana MnageH^ oMHBaKT (120-121) h TonbKo noToM garoT eMy HeKTap u aMBpocuro, He no3Bonaa npu ^T0M KacaTbca rpygu MaTepu, CHMBonH3HpyK>^eM ecTecTBeHHHM ^^eMeHT, ot KoToporo 6or gon^eH oTganuTbCH, t. e., xoth h chh 6ora, ÁnonnoH gon^eH npoMTH rite depassage, nepeBoga^HM ero H3 ecTecTBeHHoro coctohhhh (KoTopoe B gaHHoM cnynae paBH03Han-ho XToHunecKoMy) B CBepx^ecTecTBeHHoe, He-xT0HHHecK0e u 6o^ecTBeHHoe. CoBceM He cnynaMHo, mto nepBHM puTyanbHbiM geMCTBueM 6oruHb Hag BMmegmuM H3 MaTe-puHCKoro noHa MnageH^M CTaH0BHTCH omueanue: c noMo^bro Bogbi ycTpaHHroTca oc-TaTo^HHe XToHunecKue ^^eMeHTH, KoTopbie Morau 6h CTaTb npenHTCTBueM gna ganb-Heñmux TpaHC^opMa^HM 6o^ecTBeHHoro guTHTH. CxogHaa CHTya^HH npucyTCTByeT TaK^e B ruMHe K repuecy, npogenKH KoToporo, xoth h npou3BogaT BnenaTneHue ^0^THHecK0M HM^poBH3a^HH, CTporo cnegyroT cxeMe rite de passage. TepMec po^gaeTCH ot 6ora u hhm^h, Mueym^eü b ^ny6oKoü meunoü ne-mepe (IV (III). 6: avtpov sa« vaíouaa naXÍCTKiov), t. e. y^e c po^geHHH oh npuHagne-^ht k HH^HeMy u BepxHeMy MupaM. XTOHHHecKue cy^ecTBa, KaK npaBuno, ^HByT B ne^epax9. nyTb HoBopo^geHHoro repMeca HanuHaeT B ne^epe, y MaTepu (b HH^HeM Mupe), u oKaHHHBaeTCH Ha OnuMne, y o^a (b BepxHeM Mupe), rge repMec nonynaeT CTa-Tyc 6ora u C00TBeTCTByro^ue ^yH^HH, t. e. oh 3aH0B0 po^gaeTCH, ho y^e b BepxHeM He6ecH0M Mupe b KanecTBe 6ora. O tom, mto penb ugeT 06 HHH^Ha^H0HH0M puTyane, no npoxo^geHuu KoToporo nocBH^aeMbrn gon^eH cgenaTbca 6oroM, CBugeTenbCTByeT npe^ge Bcero npuHocuMoe repMecoM ^epTBonpuHomeHue, yKa3HBaH b CBoro onepegb Ha pHTyanbHbiñ xapaKTep noxu^eHHH KopoB ÁnonnoHa OneHb xoTenocb repMecy nonpo6oBaTb Maca ot ^epTBH: XoTb u 6eccMepTeH oh 6brn, pa3gpa^an ero H03gpu npu3HBH0 3anax npuHTHHM. Ho gyx ero TBepgbiM eMy He no3Bonun... (IV (III), 130-132) 9 Cp., HanpHMep HHM^y ExugHy, KoTopaH ®HBeT nog 3eMneñ b ne^epe (Th. 301-305). C HeM coeguHHeTca th^oh, nopo^gaa qygoBH^ (307-313), c K0T0pHMH 6opeTCH repara, alter ego BepxoBHoro 6ora. Exug-Ha - ^o^b OopKMH h KeTo (295). Maña, MaTb repMeca, - goMb ÁTüaHTa (938), CHHa ManeTa h oKeaHugH K^MMeHH (507-509). no Ánonnogopy, Maña goMb ÁraaHTa h go^epu OKeaHa n^eñoHH (Bibl. III, x, 1), t. e. oHa npHHagne^HT k npaMoM jhhhh nepBo6oroB. 3Ta jhhhh He HMeeT HHKaKoro oTHomeHHH, bo bchkom cny^ae y recuoga, k TuTaHaM, ho Bce ®e, b cuny CBoero npoucxo^geHHH ot Teu h YpaHa, oHa TaK^e HeceT b ce6e mxMenuü xToHH^ecKHM aneMeHT, b CH^y Mero CHHoBbH ManeTa uMMo6unu3ymmca: MeHeTHH 3eBC oTnpaB^aeT 3a HaraocTb b 3pe6, ÁT^aHT gep^HT Ha ronoBe He6o, a npoMeTeM ctoht, npHKoBaHHHM k ko-noHHe (514-522). npe6HBaHHe MaMu b ne^epe, gyMaeTCH, onpegenaeTCH HenocpegcTBeHHHM ee pogcTBoM c 3THMH HaH6onee xT0HHMecKHMH npegcTaBMTeüHMM jhhhh nepBo6oroB, a noceMy ee chh, b orau^ue ot CHHa geTo, po^gaeTCH emaÜHe paeHo om 6o¿oe u nwdeü (9) u go¡raeH npoMTH oco6hm rite de passage. repMec npoxoguT puryanbHoe ucnbiTaHue, u npuTOM b caMOM ero caKpanbHOM nyHKTe - :«epTBonpuHomeHuu, rge BcaKoe oTKnoHeHue ot HopMbi uMeno 6h gna Hero KaTacrpo^MHecKMe nocnegcTBua, o KoTopbix mo^ho TonbKo goragbiBaTbca. BepoaTHbiM npegcTaBnaeTca npegnono^eHMe, hto ecnu 6h repMec He ycToan u cien Maco ^epTBeH-Horo ^MBoTHoro, b HeM aKTynM3MpoBanocb 6bi xToHunecKoe Habano, yHacnegoBaHHoe ot ne^epHon MaTepu-HUM^bi, u oh npeBpaTunca 6bi b xToHUHecKoro geMoHa, KaKUM oh Korga-To u 6bm, noKa 3aHoBo He pogunca10. ÜTronocKu ^T0^0 He^enaTenbHoro no-BopoTa b pe3ynbTaTe gony^eHHoñ - co3HaTenbHo unu 6ecco3HaTenbHo, He cyTb Ba^Ho, - HenpaBunbHocTu mo^ho o6Hapy^uTb b Mu^ax o nogcMaTpuBaHuu 3a caKpanbHbiMu geñcTBuaMu 6oroB: MeTaHupa nogcMaTpuBaeT u ga^e BMemuBaeTca b TañHogeñcTBue fleMeTpH, no npunuHe Mero M^ageHe^ fleMo^oHT TepaeT 6eccMepTue, He gocTuraa co-cToaHua, b KoTopoM oh cran 6h 6eccMepTHbiM u Hecrapero^uM (II. K ffeMempe 260: aGávatóv k¿v toi Kal ay^paov ^ata návta). fleMo^oHT npoxoguT uHu^ua^uro, b KoTopoM ponb nocBHTuTenbHu^i ucnonHaeT caMa 6oruHa, ho puTyan o6pbiBaeTca BHe-3anHo, He goñga go cBoero 3aBepmeHua. CraHoBUTca cMepTHbiM He TonbKo fleMo^oHT, ho u Bce nenoBenecTBo, KoTopoe e^e He b onpegenunocb b ogHoM unu gpyroM cBoeM KanecTBe, Begb penb ugeT o nepBoHananbHoM, doepeMeHHüM Mupe. C MoMeHTa, Korga npepbiBaeTca TañHogeñcTBue 6oruHu, b Mup BxoguT BpeMa, a b nenoBenecKoe cy^ec-TBoBaHue - cMepTb11. O6opBaBmuMca unu ucnonHeHHbiñ HenpaBunbHo uHu^ua^uoH-hhm puTyan KoHcTpyupyeT mu^h o npoucxo^geHuu cMepTu, b KoTopbix onucbiBaeTca puTyanbHaa no cBoeM cTpyKType cuTya^ua noTepu 6eccMepTua12. nony^uBmuñ gypHoe HanpaBneHue uHu^ua^uoHHHM puTyan onpegenaeT mh^ o noce^eHuu OgucceeM ocrpoBa TpuHaKpuu, Ha KoTopoM nacyTca cTaga lenuoca. Tu-pecuM npegynpe^gaeT Oguccea: Eydewb b MmaKe, xomx u BenuKue 6edcmeux ecmpe-muwb, / Ecnu 6ü3depMuwbcx pyKy nodmmb Ha cmada renuoca; / Ecnu Me pyKy nodu-Memb Ha hux, mo npopony no^u6enb / BceM BaM: me6e, Kopaónm u conymHUKaM (Od. XI, 10 Ha 3To Ha^anbHoe geMoHUMecKoe Ka^ecTBo repMeca yKa3biBaeTca ero cBa3b c MupoM cMepTu, oTMe^eHHaa He To^bKo b MM^ax, ho TaK^e b puTyanax: TpeTMM geHb a^uHcKux AHTecTepuM 6brn nocBa^eH repMecy xToHM^ecKoMy (Parke 1977, p. 107-124). 11 Heyga^a c HageüeHueM 6eccMepTua fleMo^oHTa ctomt b npaMoM cBa3M c HenonHbiM Bo3Bpa^eHueM nep-ce^oHH b BepxHMM Mup no npuMUHe noegaHua rpaHaToBoro 3epHbimKa, t. e. nuqu cTpaHbi cMepTM. PaHee eguHoe BpeMa nepce^oHbi Tenepb genuTca Ha Tpu MacTu: nocmanoeun oh nmo6 donepb ee b npobonMenuu ¿oda / Tpemb npoeoduna obny b MHo¿ocyMpaHHoM u,apcmee nod3eMHoM, / ffee m ocmanbHue - c ffeMempoü, a maKMe c dpy¿uMu 6o¿aMu (II (V). 445-47). Ho TaK^e, KaK mo^ho npegnoüo^MTb, eguHoe BpeMa-He BpeMa nrogeñ - hu cMepmHux hu 6eccMepmHux - cTano gpo6HHM, t. e. BpeMeHeM ®M3HM m cMepTM, k KoTopoMy cnegyeT npucoegMHMTb KaK TpeTMM KoMnoHeHT 3M6puoHanbHoe cocToaHue hu mu3hu hu cMepmu. ^T0 noc-negHee mo^ho paccMaTpuBaTb KaK "ocTaToK" goBpeMeHHoro cocToaHua. 12 3gecb gocTaTo^Ho ogHoro npuMepa, rge puTya^bHaa cxeMa Ha noBepHocTM, B3aToro M3 npegaHMM ro^Ho-a^puKaHcKoro Hapoga 3yny. nepBocy^ecTBo, co3gaBmee nrogeñ, nocbinaeT k hmm xaMeneoHa u a^epM^y c gByMa npoTMBonono^HHMM coo6^eHuaMM: «nrogu He yMpyT» m «nrogu yMpyT». XaMeneoH, c nepBHM coo6^eHueM, ugeT MegneHHo m ctegaeT no gopore nnog c gepeBa, t. e. ero gBM^eHue Hepe¿ynxpHo m ga^e npepHBaeTca, u noaToMy oh npuxoguT BTopHM. H^epu^a, co BTopHM coo6^eHueM, 6e®uT 6wcTpo, He 3aMegnaa u He npepbiBaa cBoero gBu^eHua, u noaToMy oHa npuxoguT nepBoM, b pe3y^bTaTe Mero nrogu cTa-HoBaTca cMepTHHMu (Pettazzoni 1990, p. 3). CMepTHocTb 3gecb ecTb cnegcTBue HenpaeunbHo¿o gBu^eHua. Ecnu 6h xaMeneoH 6e®an 6wcTpo u npaBu^bHo, KaK a^epu^a, nrogu 6hhm 6h 6eccMepTHHMu. «npaBunb-Hoe» u «HenpaBunbHoe», «perynapHoe» u «HeperynapHoe» — ^yHgaMeHTanbHHe puTyanbHHe KaTeropuu, KoTopHe b MB^e 3yny ^epcoHu^u^upyT xaMeneoH u a^epu^a, gaBaa puTyanbHoe onpaBgaHue cMepTu, KoTopaa, KcTaTu, gna npuMUTUBHoro MenoBeKa HUKorga He aBnaeTca ecTecTBeHHHM ^aKToM, a, HanpuMep, cnegcTBueM KongoBcTBa, t. e. cBepxtecTecTBeHHoro BMemaTenbcTBa. 110-113)13. Ogucceñ He npoxoguT ^T0^0 ucnbiTaHua - oh 3acbmaeT: B Mecme, 3aw,um-hom om eempa, h pyKu yMun u Monumeoû / Tennoû k 6eccMepmnuM enaduKaM OnuMna, k 6o^aM o6pamuncH. / CnadKuû na eeMdu Mne con nmeenu nenyecmeumenbno 6o^u (XII, 336-338)14. B to BpeMa, KaK Ogucceñ cnuT, ero TOBapu^u y6uBaroT cBa^eHHbix KopoB renuoca (359), no npuHUHe Hero Bce ohm ru6HyT, KpoMe Oguccea (420), ho ero cnaceHue cTaHOBUTca HaHanoM hobhx ucnbiTaHuñ, KaK npegcKa3an eMy Tupecuñ. B Mu^e MHM^Ma^M0HHHH puTyan nonynaeT KocMonoruHecKoe o6ocHOBaHue. Bhkm, nacy^ueca Ha TpuHaKpuu, npegcTaBnaroT ^neMeHT KocMocucTeMb. renuoc ro-BopuT, ®anyacb Ha nrogeñ Oguccea: ffep3Ko onu y MenHyMepmeunu 6uKoe, na Komopux / TaK nm6oeancH 6ce^^a h — ecxodun nu na 3ee3dnoe ne6o, / C 3ee3^no^o nb ne6a cxodun u k 3eMne nucnycKancH. / Ecnu Me eaMu ne 6ydem naKa3ano ux ceHmomamcmeo, / B o6nacmb Auda coûdy h u 6ydy ceemumb dnH yMepmux (XII, 379-383). CMepTb 6hkob HapymaeT npaBunbHoe gBU^eHue conH^ KaK ^HTpanbHoro ^neMeHTa KocMocucTeMb, u ^0^T0My, hto6h ero BoccraHOBUTb, xoTa m Ha gpyroñ ocHOBe, t. e. 6e3 6hkob, gon®Hbi noru6HyTb Bce TOBapu^u Oguccea. ^Ta ru6enb uMeeT Bce HepTbi ucKynuTenbHoro unu ucnpaBUTenbHoro puTyana, ^HTpanbHbiM MOMeHTOM KOToporo 6binu HenoBeHecKue ®epTBonpuHomeHUH15. OneBugeH TaK®e puTyanbHbiñ xapaKTep mm^ob o coBMecTHbx nupax 6oroB u nrogeñ, rge nu^a ogHux u gpyrux cTporo pa3geneHbi: 6oraM He no3BonaeTca ecTb nu^y nrogeñ, a nrogaM - nu^y 6oroB. AMBpocua BOBce He genaeT 6eccMepTHbiMu nrogeñ, ko-Topbie nuTaroTca 3eMHoñ nu^eñ, t. e nu^a 6oroB u nu^a nrogeñ HecoBMecTUMb, o HeM cBugeTenbcTByeT nocMepTHaa cygb6a TaHTana. 3a to, hto oh «Bbi6anTbiBan nrogaM mmc-Tepuu 6oroB, u [...] yro^an cbomx cBepcTHUKOB aMBpocueñ» (Apoll. Epit. II, l)16, TaHTan TepnuT BeHHbe MyKu, t. e. ero nocMepTHoe 6eccMepTue UMeeT hmcto OTpu^TenbHbiñ xapaKTep. Oho ecTb cnegcTBue BKymeHua 3anpeTHoñ nu^u. Bor, BKymaa aMBpocuro, 06H0BnaeT cBoe 6ecMepTue, a gna cMepTHoro HenoBeKa, onpegenuBmeroca b cBoeñ cMepTHocTU, 0Ha cTaHOBUTca agoM. BeHHHM cTaHOBUTca He caM TaHTan, a ero ronog u ®a®ga. B 6orax nro6aa gpyraa nu^a, KpoMe aMBpocuu, aKTyanu3upyeT cMepTHoe xTo-HUHecKoe HaHano. nepce^oHa, cbeBmaa rpaHaTOBoe 3epHbimK0, nu^y cTpaHbi cMepTU, He M0®eT nonHocTbro BepHyTbca b BepxHuñ Mup, ee 6eccMepTue KaK 6bi gpo6uTca, cra-HOBUTca HacTUHHbM. Bo3mo®ho TaK®e npegnono^UTb, hto fleMeTpa, cbeBmaa nne-Ho nenonca (Hyg. Fab. 83), npeo6pa3unacb b nepce^oHy u nepeMecTunacb b cTpaHy cMepTU, t. e. nocne BKymeHua nu^u cMepTHbx, TeM 6onee HenoBeHecKoro Maca, 0Ha y®e He M0®eT nonHocTbro npe6biBaTb b BepxHeñ 6o®ecTBeHHoñ c^epe. ^TM mm^h o 13 nepeBGg B.A. ®yKGBcKGrG, ^MT no: roMep 1935. 14 Coh oxBaTbiBaeT Oguccea, Korga KGpa6nb nognnbiBaeT y^e k MTaKe, t. e. b caMbiñ Henogxogs^uñ MGMeHT: B smo M¿HoeeHbe e ¿nyôoKuû h coh no¿py3unca (Od. X, 31). B 3tot caMHñ MGMeHT cnyTHUKU Oguccea pa3Ba-3biBaroT Mex c BeTpaMU (47), u ux cTpaHcTBue HaHUHaeTca 3aHGBG, ho BegeT ux y^e k cMepTU KaK cnegcTBua HapymeHua 3anpeTa 3ona. npGTMBGgeñcTBMe cHy BGo6^e cocTaBnaeT oguH U3 aneMeHTGB MHM^Ma^MGHHG-ro puTyana. YTHanumTU cTaBUT ycnGBue ^enaro^eMy gocTUHb 6eccMepTua runbraMemy: Bom, mecmb dneû u ceMb Honeû He nocnu-Ka (3noc g TunbraMeme, XI, 199: nepeBGg M.M. flbaKGHGBa). runbraMem 3acbmaeT, T. e. He npoxoguT MHM^Ma^M0HH0^0 ucnHTaHua, BcnegcTBue Hero 6eccMepTue cTaHGBUTca gna Hero Hego-ctm^mmhm. 3gecb mh TaK^e UMeeM puTyanbHHñ no cBoeñ cTpyKType mm^ g npoucxo^geHMU cMepTU. 15 Cp. GnucaHue ucKynuTenbHoro ^epTBGpuHGmeHua b Tpareguu EBpunuga M^u¿enua e Aenude (1732 u ga-nee). 3aMe^eHue HenGBeHecKGñ ^epTBH ^mbgthgm, KGTGpoe ^pGBMge^ Kanxac MHTepnpeTMpyeT KaK go6-pHñ 3HaK, TeM He MeHee GcTaBnaeT coMHeHue, npegBe^aa HOByro Tpareguro. McnpaBneHue GKa3HBaeTca unnro3GpHHM, b pe3ynbTaTe Hero ru6HeT Bce noKoneHue repoeB. 16 nepeBGg B.r. BopyxoBUHa no: Angonnogop 1972. noegaHuu Hen0BeK0M nu^H 6oroB, a 6oroM nu^H nrogen aBHo BHmnH H3 puTyanbHbix 3anpe^eHMM, HMeBmux cBoen ^nbro ^HKcupoBaTb pa3geneHue Me®gy 6o®ecTBeHHbiM h HenoBenecKHM, caKpanbHbiM KaK c^epbi 6oroB u npo^aHHbiM KaK c^epbi nrogeñ. ^TH c^epbi pa3geneHbi TaK®e npocTpaHCTBeHHo: gocraToHHo npocneguTb gBH-®eHue 6oroB-BecTHHKoB repMeca u Mpugbi, KoTopbie He npocTo nepeMe^aroTca oneHb 6bicrpo ot ogHon npocTpaHCTBeHHon tohkh k gpyron, a nepexogaT c ogHoro oHTono-runecKoro ypoBHa Ha gpyron. ^T0T nepexog BoBce He 6e3onaceH gna 6ora, u mOTo-My coo6^eHue Me®gy BepxHHM u hh^hhm MupaMH nopynaeTca c^e^Ha^bHbiM 6oraM. repMec npuHagne^HT gByM MupaM, HH^HeMy u BepxHeMy, ho 60r0M-n0cpegHHK0M oh cTaH0BHTca He b cuny ^T0M npuHagne®HocTH, xoTa 0Ha aBnaeTca ycnoBueM, a noToMy hto oh npomen HHH^Ha^H0HHbiM nyTb ot xT0HHHecK0M ne^epbi go He6ecHoro OnuMna, rge ero nocpegHunecKaa ^yH^ua 6bma ^HKcupoBaHa u caHK^H0HHpobaHa He6ecHbiM 6oroM-o^oM. OyHK^Ha Mpugbi KaK BecTHH^i 6oroB cnegyeT HenocpegcTBeHHo H3 ee xT0HunecKoro npoucxo^geHua. üo recuogy, Mpuga - gonb OaBMaHTa, cHHa 3eMnu u Ü0HTa u 6paTa KeTo u ^opKua (Th. 237 u ganee), t. e. 0Ha ctoht b HenocpegcTBeHHoM pogcTBe co BceM qygoBu^HbiM n0T0McTB0M 3eMnu u üoHTa, hto genaeT ee rogHon gna coo6^eHua c hh^hhm MHpoM, u npuT0M c caMbiM onacHbiM ero ceKTopoM. y recuoga 3eBc nocbrnaeT Mpugy 3a Bogon CTHKca (Th. 784), a y OBugua 0Ha oTnpaBnaeTca b ne-^epy, rge o6uTaroT chh, h ga®e 6orHHa mepnemb He b cunax 6una ucnapeHuü (Met. XI, 630), pacnocTpaHaeMbix cHaMH. üepegBH^eHue ^eTo ot ogHoro nyHKTa k gpyroMy co3gaeT npocmpaHcmBO poM-ÓeHUH, B KoTopoe BXogHT H0BbiM 6or c HÜBHMH ^yH^HAMH. flBH^eHue repMeca H3 ne-^epbi b cTopoHy ropbi 6oroB o6o3HanaeT nepexog c ogHoro KocMunecKoro ypoBHa Ha gpyron, b pe3ynbraTe nero ^TH ypoBHH nepecraroT 6biTb pa3beguHeHHbiMH, KaK 6brno go Toro, a coeguHaroTca 6narogapa noaBneHuro HoBoro 6ora, b ^yH^uro KoToporo Bxo-guT coeguHeHue u nocpegHunecTBo. TaKHM 06pa30M, mh^h o po^geHuu AnonnoHa u repMeca, HMea cTpyKTypy rites de passage, oTcbmaroT k K0cM0r0HunecK0My MH^y, HMe-ro^eMy cBoen ochobhom TeMon nepexog ot xaoTunecKoro eguHcTBa (nepBoeguHcTBo b Teo^oHuu recuoga npegcTaBnaeT 6e3nuHHbiM u 6ecK0HeHHbiñ Xaoc), k pa3genbH0My MHo^ecTBy, b KoTopoM Ka^gbiM ^^eMeHT ctoht b cucTeMaTunecKoM oTHomeHuu oguH k gpyroMy. B ruMHe gBH^eHue ^eTo no BuguMocTH onpegenaeTca Heo6xoguMocTbro HanTH MecTo gna po^geHua 6ygy^ero 6ora (III (I), 30-8). O TpagH^H0HH0M 3aBucTH lepbi roBopuTca TonbKo b cBa3H c 6oruHen Mnu^uen, KoTopyro 0Ha 3agep®HBaeT (95-101). BoruHH, co6paBmueca BoKpyr ^eTo, nocbmaroT 3a Hen Mpugy, KoTopaa cpa3y ee npuBo-guT, t. e. npenaTCTByro^aa ponb lepbi 3gecb 6onee H0MHHanbHaa, neM peanbHaa. Bonee cepbe3Hoe conpoTHBneHue b Kanecree noKpoBHTenbHu^i nygoBu^17 0Ha 0Ka3biBaeT y®e poguBmeMyca AnonnoHy bo BTopon nacra ruMHa (K AnonnoHy nufiuücKouy). 2. repMec u AnonnoH: IV (3). K repMecy CocTaBnanu nu K AnonnoHy ffenoccKouy u K AnonnoHy nutfiuücKouy eguHHn TeKcT unu 6hhh coeguHeHH no3®e, oTBeT Ha ^T0T Bonpoc HucKonbKo He npu6nu3un 17 B Teo¿onuu recuoga repa BcKapM^MBaeT gepHeñcKyro rugpy (314) h Boo6^e noKpoBMTenbcTByeT qygoBM-^aM, c KoTopHMM 6opaTca cHHoBba 3eBca. 6h Hac k noHMMaHMKi ^TMX ruMHOB hm c KaKOM cTopoHH18. CnegyeT TaK«e npuHMMaTb bo BHMMaHue puTyanbHHM xapaKTep ^TMX TeKCTOB, b cuny Hero ohm Mornu ucnonb3o-BaTbca no oTgenbHocru unu BMecTe b 3aBucuMocTu ot KoHTeKCTa (penuruo3Hbie npa3-gHMKM, :«epTBonpMHomeHMa). KaK 6h to hm 6bino, cMbicnoBoe eguHcTBo TeKCTa HMKaK He cBa3aHo c KoHKpeTHbM BpeMeHeM unu aBTopoM, a c KynbrypHOM unu KynbTOBOM cpegoft, b KOTopoft oh co3gaBanca u ucnonb3OBanca19. Bce Hacru ruMHa K AnonnoHy ctoht b cTpyKTypHoM oTHomeHue gpyr k gpyry, KoTopoe BnonHe npoacHaeTca, ecnu mm o6paTMMca TaK^e k gpyruM u ga^e 3HaHMTenbHo 6onee no3gHMM ucTOHHMKaM. TuruH coo6^aeT: nu^oH, cmh 3eMnu, orpoMHbiM gpaKOH. Oh go AnonnoHa gaBan npopu^-Hua Ha rope napHac. EMy 6bina cy^geHa ru6enb ot noToMcTBa .HaTOHbi. B ^TO BpeMa ronuTep Bo3ner c .HaTOHOM, goHepbK nonoca20. Korga MHOHa y3Hana ^T0, oHa cgenana, hto6h .HaTOHa podana TaM, Kyga He goxoguT con-h^. Korga nu^oH y3Han, hto .HaTOHa 6epeMeHHa ot MnuTepa, oh cran npe-cnegoBaTb ee, hto6 y6uTb. A .HaTOHy no BeneHMK MnuTepa BeTep AKBunoH nogHan u npuHec k HenTyHy. Tot oxpaHan ee u, hto6h He HapymuTb ycTa-HoBneHHoro Mhohom, nepeHec Ha ocTpoB OpTuruK u 3aKpbin ^TOT ocTpoB BonHaMu. nOTOMy nu^oH He Hamen ee u BepHynca Ha napHac. A HenryH BepHyn ocTpoB OpTuruK HaBepx u noTOM oh cTan Ha3biBaTbca flenocoM. Ha HeM ^aTOHa, gep^acb 3a onuBy, poguna AnonnoHa u fluaHy, kotophm BynKaH npuHec b nogapoK cTpenbi. Ha HeTBepTbift geHb nocne Toro KaK ohm pogunucb, AnonnoH oTOMcTun 3a MaTb: oh npumen Ha napHac, y6un cTpe-naMu nu^oHa (oTHero cTan Ha3biBaTbca nM^MftcKMM), nono^un ero koctm b TpeHo^HMK, kotophm nocTaBun b cBoeM xpaMe, u ycraHOBun b ero HecTb norpe6anbHHe urpbi, KOTopbie Ha3bB aKTca nM^MMcKMMM21. ^T0T paccKa3 o6,bacHaeT npuHMHy gBM^eHua ^eTo, KoTopoe b ruMHe npegcTaB-naeTca KaK 3agaHHoe McKnKHMTenbHo noucKaMu nogxoga^ero MecTa gna po^geHua 6ygy^ero 6ora. 3gecb ^e oho nonyHaeT KocMoroHMHecKoe o6ocHOBaHue. Tm^oh He npocTo ^enaeT cnacTM caMoro ce6a, y6uB ^aTOHy-^eTo, a MMeeT cBoeft ^nbK Bocnpe-naTcTBOBaTb po^geHMK HOBoro 6ora b cBoeft gBOMHOM ucnocTacu - ^hckom m My^c-KOM, AnonnoHa u fluaHbi-ApTeMugbi. BHemHMM noBogoM gna gBM^eHua ^eTo, TaKMM o6pa3OM, aBnaeTca npecnegoBaHue co cTopoHH HygoBM^a, t. e. oho, no cyTM gena, co-geftcTByeT po^geHMK, xoTa u BecbMa napagoKcanbHHM o6pa3OM. B gpyroM MM^e 3eBc coeguHaeTca c Mo, goHepbK peHHoro 6ora MHaxa, a 3aTeM npeBpa^aeT ee b KopoBy u oTgaeT repe, KOTopaa cTaBMT cTopo^MTb KopoBy-Mo BceBuga^ero Aproca. Ero, no npuKa3y 3eBca, y6uBaeT repMec. repa HacbinaeT Ha Mo cnenHa, kotophm roHMT ee no Bceft 3eMne. OcTaHaBnuBaeTca OHa b ErunTe, rge po^gaeT ^^a^a. repa npu nocpegcTBe 18 O noneMMKe, 6bin nu rMMH K AnonnoHy c caMoro HaHana egMHHM mam cocTaBneHHHM M3 gByx rMMHOB, cm. Pa6MHOBMH 2007, c. 104-110. 19 3gecb 6bi.no 6h yMecTHo BcnoMHMTb o noHaTMM TeKcTa KaK cBepxnMHHoro m cBepxBpeMeHHoro egMHcTBa, BBegeHHoro B.H. TonopoBHM. 20 no TurMHy, nonoc - chh 3eMnu m S^Mpa, 0Te^ gaTOHbi, AcTepua, A^upana, nepca m nannaHTa (reHeano-rMM 3, 9), t. e. oh oTHocMTca k nepBOMy noKoneHMK 6oroB. 21 Fab. 140; ^MT. b nepeBoge fl. TopmunoBa no: rurMH 1997. KypeTOB noxu^aeT y Hee MiageH^, ho 3eBC B03Bpa^aeT ero, nepe6uB KypeTOB (Apoll. Bibl. II, i, 3). CxogHbie cro^eTH npeciegoBaHua c ^ibro 3agep:«aTb po:«geHMe óo^ecTBeHHoro MiageH^, KoTopHM gon^eH cTaTb geMuyproM-ycTpouTeieM BceieHHoñ, npucyTcTBy-roT TaK^e b MHguñcKoM MM^0^0^TMHecK0M TpagM^MM. B Maxa6xapame coo6^aeTca mm^ o noxM^eHMM paKmacoM 6epeMeHHoñ cynpyru óo^ecTBeHHoro Mygpe^ Bxpury. no gopore y Hee BHnagaeT M3 yTpoÓH oraeHHHM 3apogbim, npu Buge KoToporo paKmac npeBpamaeTCH b nenei. M3 cie3, KoTopHe npoiMBaeT noxu^eHHaa cynpyra Bxpury, 06-pa3yeTca BeiMKaa peKa (MBx I, 6). üoxu^eHue BHBoguT M3 coctohhmh HenogBM^HocTM HocH^yro b ce6e 3apogHm ^eHy u ycKopaeT po^geHMe pe6eHKa, xoth oho npoucxoguT HenpaBMHbHHM c puTyanbHoñ tohkm 3peHua o6pa3oM. BogH b ruMHe, nocBH^eHH0M noeguHKy MHgpbi c BpuTpoñ (PmBeöa I, 52), cuMB0iM3upyeT MupoBoe npocTpaHCTBo, a noceMy o6pa3oBaHue BeiMKoñ peKM, K0T0paa b ^opMe cie3 BHTeKaeT M3 ria3 ^eH-^mhh, paBH03HaHH0 06pa30BaHuro npocmpaHcmBa powdeHux b pe3yibTaTe gBM^eHua, xoth m HeBonbHoro, «eHH 6o^ecTBeHHoro Mygpe^, MMero^ero Bce HepTH BepxoBHoro 6ora (oh npoKiuHaeT ArHM, no npuHMHe Hero npeKpa^aroTca :«epTBonpMHomeHMfl u npuxogaT b «6ecnopagoK Tpu Mupa»: MBx I, 7). flBM^eHue 6oruHM, K0T0paa gon^Ha poguTb 6ora-geMuypra, co3gaeT meo^OHu-necKoe npocmpaHcmBO, KoTopoe no Mepe ero HanoiHeHua 6oraMM aKTyaiM3upyeTcfl KaK BeeneHeKoe npocmpaHcmBO, nocKoibKy po^geHue 6ora aKTyaiM3upyeT KocMMHecKue o6^eKTH, KoTopHe go Toro cy^ecTBoBaiu ToibKo ^0TeH^Ma^bH0. Ot Toro, hto Anoi-íoh po^gaeTCH b "totobom Mupe", oh B0Bce He TepaeT cBoero geMuypruHecKoro Ka-HecTBa. fleMuypr B0Bce He C03gaeT H0BHe o6^eKTH, a ynopagoHMBaeT cy^ecTByro^ue, cocTaBiHH M3 Hux K0CM0CMCTeMy. 3gecb gocTaToHHo CBugeTenbCTBo ünaToHa, KoTopoe BnoiHe BHpa^aeT MM^oioruHecKyro ugero geMuyruHecKoro ycrpoeHMH ot BeKa cy^ec-TByro^eñ nepBoMaTepuu, xaoTUHecKoñ caMoñ b ce6e, ho cogep^a^eñ b ce6e 3aHaTKM 6ygy^ux Be^eñ, KoTopHe geMuypr B3paw,uBaem: «xoth oroHb u Boga, 3eMiH u B03gyx abíaím npuMeTH npucy^eñ mm cBoeoóbmmcmu (aútwv arta), ogHaKo ohm npe6biBa-jiu Bce^io b TaK0M coctohhmm, b KoTopoM cBoñcTBeHHo HaxoguTbcH BceMy, go Hero e^e He KocHyica 6or. üo^ToMy nociegHMM, npucTynaa k nocTpoeHuro KocMoca, Hanai c Toro, hto ynopagoHMi ^TM HeTHpe poga c noMo^bro o6pa3OB u nucen (s'íSsaí Ts Kai ápiG^oíc;)» (Tim. 53b)22. CBoeo6uHHOcmb 3gecb yKa3HBaeT Ha ^0TeH^MaJbH0e cocToaHue ^ieMeHT0B, KoTopHe geMuypr aKTyaiM3upyeT, co3gaBaa kocmoc KaK cucTeMHoe eguHcTBo BHgeieH-hhx M3 HaHaibHoro xaoca ^ieMeHT0B. ^T0T nepexog ot xaoTUHecKoñ ^0TeH^MaJbH0c-tm k cucTeMHoñ aKTyaibHocTM BnoiHe cooTBeTcTByeT recuogoBcKoñ KocMoroHuu, rge nepBHM KocMMHecKMM o6^eKT, 3eMiH, po^gaeTca M3 Xaoca, npogoi^aH coxpaHHTb xa-oTMHecKMM u ^0TeH^MaJbHHM xapaKTep, KoTopHM npeogoieBaeTca Hepe3 cepuro koh-^jmktob, oTMenaro^ux TeoroHMHecKuñ ^po^ecc. fleMuypr BcTynaeT b npo^cc ToibKo bo BTopoñ u ga^e TpeTMM MoMeHT, Korga HaHaibHaa cnoHTaHHocTb ucTo^aeTca, u ^o^-T0My 0H po^gaeTcH B "r0T0B0M Mupe", H0 r0T0B0M T0JbK0 B cMHcie ^0TeH^MaJbH0CTM, KoTopaH goi^Ha 6bTb aKTyaiM30BaHa. AnoiioH BxoguT b Mup, KoTopHM HenocpegcTBeHHo conpuKacaeTcH co cBoeñ XT0HMHecK0M (^0TeH^MaJbH0M, Xa0TMHecK0ñ) npa0cH0B0M, M ^0^T0My B ^T0M Mupe 22 ^MT. b nepeBoge C.C. ABepMH^eBa no: niaToH 1971. opaKynb gaeT HygoBM^e, poguBmeecH HenocpegcTBeHHo ot 3eMnu 6e3 bchkmx nocpeg-hmkob. AnonnoH b KaHecTBe cbHa He6ecHoro 6ora gocTaToHHo otctomt ot ^T0M ochobh, hto6h BCTynuTb b npoTMBo6opcTBo c ee nopo^geHMHMM, m ^0^T0My ero nepBbM aKtom CTaHoBMTCH y6uMCTBo HygoBM^a, KoTopoe oh 3aMe^aeT, hto6h nepegaBaTb «3eBca HenorpemuMyro Bonro» (III, 132: Aioc; vrmsptsa ^ouX^v). 3HaMeHaTenbH0 b ^T0M otho-meHMM CBugeTenbCTBo ^nMaHa: 3gecb, KaK paccKa3bBaroT ^eccanuft^i, b gaBHue BpeMeHa, Korga opaKy-noM e^e Bnagena 6oruHH reH, nu^MMCKMM AnonnoH oHMCTuncH no BeneHuro 3eBca nocne KpoBM 3MeH nu^oHa23, CTpa^a flenb^. 3aTeM chh 3eBca m ^eTo yBeHHan ronoBy TeMneftcKMM naBpoM m c naBpoBoft BeTKoft b pyKe, copBaH-hom c ^T0^0 ^e gepeBa, npumen b flenb^bi m 3aBnagen opaKynoM24. 3gecb mo^ho ycMoTpeTb CMeHy xToHMHecKoro KynbTa 3eMnM-reu aHTMXT0HMHec-kmm KynbToM He6ecHoro 6ora. ^Ta nepeMeHa oTMeHaeTCH 6opb6oft 3eBca unu ero cb-HoBeM co CTpamHbMM nopo^geHMHMM 3eMnu-xT0Ha. B nnaHe KocMoroHMHecKoM CMeHa Bnagenb^ opaKyna 03HaHaeT paguKanbHyro nepeMeHy ^HTpanbHoro perynupyro^ero ^pMH^M^a, t. e. Bceft MMpoBoft cucTeMb. M ^0^T0My AnonnoH, KoTopbM y6uBaeT Hy-goBM^e, b nonHoM CMbicne ecTb geMuypr, co3garo^MM hobhm Tun MMpoBoft opraHM3a-^MM25 - He-XT0HMHeCKMM, B ^HTpe K0T0p0M CT0MT He6eCHbM 6or, X0TH M CBH3aHbM C 3eMneft b nu^ CBoeft cynpyru Tepbi. CoBceM He cnyHaMHo, hto 3a tmmhom K Anonnany cnegyeT ruMH K repMecy, TeMoft KoToporo HBHHeTCH MHM^Ma^M0HHbM rite de passage c ^nbro gocTM^eHMH 6o^ecTBeH-Horo C0CT0HHMH. AnonnoH m repMec - cbHoBbH npoTMBocToH^ero xT0Hy-3eMne He6ec-Horo 6ora, a noceMy nepexog ot ogHoro coctohhmh k gpyroMy MMeeT 3gecb 3HaHeHue oTpbBa ot xT0HMHecK0M nepBoocHoBb, b pe3ynbTaTe Hero npoucxoguT dexmoHu3au,ux MupocMCTeMb. 3HaMeHaTenbH0, hto ^yH^uu repMeca ycTaHaBnuBaeT He 3eBC, a AnonnoH (IV. 526 m ganee), 0TrpaHMHMBaH ux ot cbomx, t. e. AnonnoH gaeT Mupy 0K0HHaTenb-Hoe ycTpoMcTBo, ycTaHaBHMBaH npegenb, KoTopbe He Mo^eT nepeMTM hm oguH 6or, b tom Hucne m oh caM. EguHCTBo pMTyanbHo-KocMonorMHeKoft TeMb no3BonHeT paccMaT-pMBaTb Tpu ruMHa - K AnonnoHy ffenoccKoMy, K AnonnoHy nutfiuucKoMy, K repMecy - KaK CBoero poga TpunTMx, rge ^HTpanbHoft ^urypoft HBnHeTCH AnonnoH, «nporpaMMHoft» peHbro KoToporo oKaHHMBaeTCH nocnegHMM ruMH, a repMec KaK 6b B0Bce CTymeBbBaeT-ch, xoth Bpoge 6b oh HBnHeTCH 3gecb rnaBHoft ^urypoft. nepBeHCTBo AnonnoHa, eguHCTBeHHoro cpegu Bcex 6oroB 3Haro^ero Bonro 3eBca, 3agaeTCH TaK^e cnoco6oM ero Bxo^geHMH b CTaTyc 6ora: oh cpa3y BxoguT b oTKpbToe meoaoHuHecKoe npocmpammeo, rge ero o^ugaroT 6oruHM, 3a MCKnroHeHueM xToHMHec-kom repb, npenHTCTByro^eft BCHKoMy po^geHuro, KoTopoe npoucxoguT He HenocpegcTBeHHo ot 3eMnu. PuTyanbHo-3anporpaMMupoBaHHoe npu6bTMe 6oruHM Mnu^MM gaeT 23 Cp. MHgpy, KoTopbM nocne y6uMcTBa 3MeH BpuTpb, BnagaeT b yHbHue, nocKonbKy oh y6un «6paxMaHa», u MCHe3aeT b Boge (Maxa6xapaTa V, 10). 3tot 3MeM ^epcoHM^M^MpyeT nepBoHaHanbHoe eguHCTBo Mupa, KoTopoe ero y6uMcTBo pacKanbBaeT, u noaToMy oho BocnpuHMMaeTCH KaK rpex ga^e caMMM ^peM 6oroB MHgpoM. 24 Var. hist. III, 1; ^MT. b nepeBoge C.B. nonHKoBoM no: SnuaH 1963. 25 Cp. o puTyanbHoM y6uMcTBe nepBocy^ecTBa KaK KocMoroHMHecKoM aKTe: «pacHneHeHue nypymu co3gaeT H0BbM Tun K0CMMHeCK0M 0p^aHM3a^MM - BCeneHHyK) mUpoKMX npoCTpaHCTB, MeCTo cnaceHMH 0T KoCHoro u o6y®eHHoro xaoca» (TonopoB 1988, c. 351). 3HaK gna Bbixoga 6ora u3 yTpo6bi MaTepu. BoruHu o6MbiBaK>T u neneHaroT HOBopo^-geHHoro MnageH^ u nponuBaroT Ha Hero HeKTap u aMBpocuro (III. 120-125). repMec, no npoTuBononono^HOcTu, BbixoguT u3 cBoeñ ne^epbi TañKoM, HuKeM He BuguMbiñ (IV. 20 u ganee), u mOToMy oh gon:«eH npoñTu pag uHu^ua^uoHHbIx ucnbiTaHuñ: no-XMTuTb KopoB AnonnoHa, ycToaTb nepeg ucKymeHueM oTBegaTb Maco npu ^epTBon-puHomeHuu, ycnoKouTb rHeB AnonnoHa u go6uTbca ero 6narocKnoHHocTu. AnonnoH BHCTynaeT 3gecb b Kanecrae HacTaBHuKa npuTa3aro^ux Ha cTaTyc 6ora. ^TO ero Ka-necTBo pyKoBoguTena uHu^ua^u0HH0^0 puTyana, gyMaeTca, cBa3aHo c ero opaKynbHoñ ^yH^ueñ. M b caMoM gene, opaKyn 6ora KaK b genax caKpanbHbix, TaK u npo^aHHbix26 caH^uoHupyeT nepexod u3 ogHoro cocroaHua b gpyroe, KoTopbiñ aBnaeTca ^nbro uHu^ua^u0HH0^0 puTyana27. AnonnoH TaK^e npoxoguT uHu^ua^uK>, ho y^e nocne Toro, KaK oh Bomen b 6o-^ecTBeHHoe cocroaHue. KynbMUHa^uoHHbIM ee MoMeHToM aBnaeTca npoTuBo6opcTBo c nygoBu^eM, KoToporo 6or y6uBaeT, b pe3ynbTaTe nero oh nonynaeT coBepmeHHo oco-6hm cTaTyc cpegu 6oroB, KoTopbiñ nognepKuBaeTca c caMoro Habana ruMHa: no douy 3eBca npoüdem oh - Bce 6o^u u me 3ampenemym. / C Kpecen cboux noBCKaKaBwu, cmoxm oHu b cmpaxe, Ko^^a oh / EnuMe nodcmynum u nyK cboü 6necmxw,uü HammuBamb cma-Hem (2-4). KaK MHgpa b pe3ynbTaTe no6egbi Hag 3MeeM BpuTpoñ cTaHoBuTca rocnogu-hom bhcokoto He6a u ^peM 6oroB, TaK u AnonnoH nocne no6egbi Hag 3eMHopo:«geH-hhm nygoBu^eM cTaHoBuTca rocnoguHoM opaKyna, t. e. ^HTpanbHoro perynupyro^e-ro nyHKTa MupocucTeMbi. 3. TH^OH U öpaKaiva: III (2). K AnonnoHy nn^MMCKOMy B ruMHe roBopuTca o gByx qygoBu^ax, ho 6opeTca AnonnoH TonbKo c ogHuM - SpáKaiva (300). ^TOT ^hckum pog gpaKoHa, gyMaeTca, He cnynaeH u yKa3biBaeT Ha oco6yro cBa3b qygoBu^a c reeñ-3eMneM, t. e. SpáKaiva ecTb caMa 3eMna, nepcoHu^u-^upyK>^aa ronoc ee xtohu^ckux Hegp, b KoTopbix 3aneraroT qygoBu^a, Bbixoga^ue BpeMa ot BpeMeHu Ha noBepxHocTb 3eMnu28. noeguHoK AnonnoHa, cbrna BepxoBHoro 6ora-rpoMoBep^a npegcTaBnaeTca KaK ^HTpanbHbiñ MoMeHT b npoTuBo6opcTBe He-6ecHHx 6oroB c 3eMneñ, ho TonbKo b ee xtohu^ckom acneKTe, b KoTopoM oHa ecTb npo-u3BoguTenbHu^ qygoBu^, pa3^egaro^ux ee co6cTBeHHoe HyTpo. C ^TUM xtohu^kum HyTpoM 3eMnu, cuMBonoM KoToporo aBnaeTca TapTap, 6opaTca 6oru, oropa^uBaa ero ueÖHoü cmeHoü (Th. 726: xáXKSov spKoc;). nocne ^TOM ochobhoü no6egbi AnonnoHa Hag xTOHunecKuMu cunaMu 3eMnu, KoTopbix npegcTaBnaeT SpáKaiva, ^HTp MupocucTeMH cMe^aeTca b cTopoHy onuMnuñcKux 6oroB u oKornaTenbHo ^uKcupyeTca b pe3ynbTaTe 6opb6b 6o^ecTBeHHHx repoeB c qygoBu^aMu. B ruMHe Hulero He roBopuTca o npoucxo^geHuu SpáKaiva, hto npegcTaBnaeTca goBonbHo cTpaHHbiM, ecnu BcnoMHuTb, hto recuog nyHKTyanbHo oTMenaeT, ot Koro u rge pogunocb Ka^goe qygoBu^e u Ha3BbiBaeT ero uMa: ExugHa, Op^, crpamHbiM 3Meñ (öfiv Savóv) u t. g. ^Ta 6e3nuHHocTb Mo^eT cny^uTb gononHuTenbHbiM yKa3aHueM, hto SpáKaiva Bbimna HenocpegcTBeHHo u3 3eMHbix Hegp. Tepa, oTgaBaa HygoBu^Hoñ 3Mee 26 Pa3geneHMe Ha "caKpanbHoe" u "npo^aHHoe" gna apxaM^ecKMx KynbTyp aBnaeTca gocTaTo^Hü ycnoBHbiM: BcaKMM MenoBe^ecKMM aKT 6bin caKpanM3oBaH u pMTyanM3oBaH. 27 Cm.: Gennep 1909. 28 Cp. onucaHMe qygoBM^Hbix o6MTaneñ 3eMHMx Hegp y Tecuoga (Th. 295-336). TonbKo po^geHHoro Tu^oHa, Bo3Bpa^aeT 3eMne ee coóctbeHHOe nopo^geHue. PaccKa3 o po^geHMM Tu^oHa npou3BoguT BnenaTneHue BCTaBKM: oh npepbiBaeT ocHoBHoe no-BecTBoBaHue u KaK óbi yBoguT ero b cTopoHy, Begb AnonnoH yóuBaeT TonbKo ogHo nygo-BM^e, SpáKaiva. O tom, hto npoucxoguT c Tu^ohom nocne ruóenu ero BocnuTaTenbHu-Hunero He roBopuTca: oh KaK óbi ucne3aeT, cnoBHo nornomeHHHM 3eMneM. Bce uctohhuku cornacHH, hto Tu^oh npoucxoguT ot 3eMnu. y Tecuoga: nocne mo^o kük Tumanoe npo^nan yMe c ne6a Kponuon, / Mna^me^o uewdy dembMu, Tuifioex, 3eMnH-eenuKauma / Ha ceem poduna, omdaemucb 06'bxmuxM Tapmapa cmpacmnuM (Th. 820-822); y ^cxMna Tu^oh - yr|Ysvr|c; (Prom. 353: po^geHHHM 3eMnen); y Anonnogo-pa: «nocne Toro KaK óoru ogep^anu noóegy Hag ruraHTaMu, rea, BocnbinaB e^e óonee cunbHbiM rHeBoM, coneTanacb c TapTapoM u poguna b KunuKuu Tu^oHa» (Bibl. I, vi, 3). TaK®e naTuHcKue aBTopbi (OBuguM, ruruH, Ahtohuh ^uóepan) cornacHH b 3eMHoM npoucxo^geHuu Tu^oHa. HecKonbKo Kypbe3Hyro Bepcuro cooó^aeT ruruH: «Tartarus ex Tartara procreavit Typhonem» (Fab. CLII: TapTap ot TapTapH nopogun Tu^oHa), t. e. ot caMoro ceóa, ho caM no ceóe TapTap ecTb BHyTpeHHee cogep^aHue 3eMnu unu, BepHee, nonocmb, 3anonHeHHaa HygoBu^aMu. B ruMHe Tu^oh TaK®e po^gaeTca HenocpegcTBeHHo ot 3eMnu. repa aBnaeTca pu-myanbnoü, a He peanbHon MaTepbro Tu^oHa. OHa ero ycHHoBnaeT, óepa Ha pyKu, u TyT ®e oTgaeT oópaTHo 3eMne b nu^ 3Meu-npopu^TenbHu^i SpáKaiva. B rpenecKoM TeKc-Te oTHeTnuBo oóo3HaneHa puTyanbHaa nocnegoBaTenbHocTb ycbrnoBneHua: ^ 5' £T£k' outs 0sotç èvaÀtyKiov outs ^porotal, Ssivóv t' àpyaÀéov ts Tu^áova, n^a ^pototaiv. aútÍKa tóvSs Áa^oüaa ^owmc; nótvia'Hpn Swksv snsita fépouaa KaKÛ* KaKÓv: ^ 5' ûnéSsKto Ta poguna hu Ha óoroB noxo^ero, hu Ha cMepTHbix y^acHoro cTpamHoro Tu^oHa, HecnacTbe gna cMepTHbix. ToTHac ero b3hb BonooKaa rocno^a repa, oTgana 3aTeM, npuHeca ko 3noMy 3noe; Ta npuHana. (351-354: gocnoBHHM nepeBog) B nepBoM cnynae KoTopoe 3gecb BbmonHaeT ^yH^uro yKa3aTenbHoro MecTo-uMeHua 3-ro nu^ p. ma, Bpoge óh othocutch k "Hpr|, ho TaK®e Mo®eT othocutch k rata. Bo BTopoM oho Bpoge óh othocutch k SpáKaiva, ho 3gecb uMeroTca coMHe-huh. Cnegya puTyanbHon noruKe, ecTecTBeHHo óbino óh npegnono^uTb, hto u b ^TOM cnynae ^ yKa3HBaeT Ha 3eMnro, ot KoTopon repa nonyHuna cTpamHoro «cbrna». 3eMna cHuTanacb eguHon MaTepbro Bcex cy^ecTB, nenoBenecKux u HenenoBenecKux, KoTopaa nopo^gaeT ux u3 caMon ceóa óe3 ynacTua My^Koro Hanana29. B paccKa3e o po^geHuu Tu^oHa mh uMeeM KnaccunecKun oópa3e^ xToHunecKoro puTyana nonyneHua cHHa HenocpegcTBeHHo ot 3eMnu-MaTepu óe3 ynacrua My^cKoro Hanana, ^HTpanbHbiM ^neMeHTOM KoToporo óbin HenocpegcTBeHHHM KoHTaKT ®enaromen nonynuTb cHHa 29 Oó oTHomeHuax 3eMnu, xeH^HHH u nnogopogua b apxaunecKux npegcTaBneHuax u puTyanax cm.: Eliade 1988, VII, rge yKa3HBaeTca TaK^e ocHoBHaa nuTepaTypa no 3ToMy Bonpocy. Ocoóo cnegyeT oTMeTuTb KnaccunecKoe uccnegoBaHue no KynbTaM 3eMnu: Dieterich 1925. Ha Hero rnaBHHM oópa3oM ccbinaeTca 3nu-age. »eH^UHH c 3eMneñ. ^T0T xTOHUHecKUñ u puTyanbHbiñ xapaKTep paccKa3a, gyMaeTca, BnonHe co3HaBanca cocTaBUTeneM TeKcTa, ho oh npugaeT eMy aBHyro aHTMxTOHMHecKyro HanpaBneHHocTb, nogHepKUBaa TeM caMHM aHTuxTOHMHecKuñ xapaKTep ruMHa u puTy-ana, b KOTopbiñ oh Bxogun. B ^T0M aHTuxTOHMHecKOM KOHTeKcTe genaeTca noHaTHHM npucyTcTBue paccKa3a o po®geHMU HygoBM^Horo Tu^OHa, cHHa 3eMnM-Tepbi, xoTa oh m BbmagaeT U3 ochob-Horo noBecTBOBaHua. Oh UMeeT BnonHe onpegeneHHyro cTpyKTypHyro ^yH^uro: po®-geHue HygoBM^a npoTUBonocTaBnaeTca po®geHuro 6ora. O^^03M^Ma peanu3yeTca npe®ge Bcero Ha puTyanbHOM ypoBHe. repa o6pa^aeTca c Monb6oñ k 3eMne, a TaK®e k 6oraM-TuTaHaM, o6uTaro^UM b TapTape, ot KOTopbix, no ee cnoBaM, npoucxogaT nrogu m 6oru (III, 334-336). B ^T0M o6pa^eHUu 6oruHU BnonHe Bbipa®aeTca xTOHUHecKoe npegcTaBneHue o npoucxo®geHMM 6oroB u nrogeñ, KOTopoe BOBce He 06a3aTenbH0 pa3-genaeTca onuMnuñcKMMM 6oraMU. Bonee Toro, oho 0Ka3HBaeTca no®HHM, nocKonbKy b pe3ynbTaTe coBMecTHx ycunuñ 3eMnu m 3aKnroHeHbix b TapTape xTOHMHecKMx cy^ecTB nopo®gaeTca HygoBM^Hbiñ Tm^oh, KOTopbiñ, no 3aMbicny repbi gon®eH 3aMecTUTb He-6ecHoro 6ora 3eBca. 3aTeM repa yganaeTca ot 6oroB, npe6biBaa b cbomx xpaMax, t. e. b 3aKpumux Mec-max, no o6pa3^y xTOHMHecKMx cy^ecTB, KOTopbie o6uTaroT b ne^epax, b rny6uHe 3eM-nu, rge OHa npuHMMaeT ®epTBonpuHomeHua, KOTopHMM, Hago gyMaTb, nuTaeT Hygo-BM^HHñ 3apogbim. Cy^ecTBeHHO OTMeTMTb, hto o®ugaHue o6e^aHHoro 3eMneñ cHHa, M3MepaeTca tohhhmm BpeMeHHHMM cpoKaMM (Meca^i, gHM, BpeMeHa roga: 349-350), hto TaK®e, gyMaeTca, yKa3HBaeT Ha peanbHbiñ apxauHecKuñ puTyan, cny®MB^uñ mo-genbro gna ^T0^0 onucaHua. B 3aBepmeHue ^MKna repa po®gaeT HygoBM^e, ho He ot ce6a HenocpegcTBeHHO, a ot 3eMnu, ycbiHOBnaa ero 3aTeM nocpegcTBOM puTyanbHoro B3aTua Ha pyKM. Bcë ^T0 repa coBepmaeT b oguHOHecTBe, b HeonpegeneHHOM MecTe, KOTopoe ecTb xTOHUHecKoe ne-Mecmo. EguHcTBeHHoñ cBugeTenbHM^ñ ^TMx puTyanbHbix geñcTBuñ aBnaeTca 3eMna. ^eTO, o®ugaa po®geHua AnonnoHa, nepeMe^aeTca c Mecma na Mec-mo, co3gaBaa TeM caMHM OTKpHToe npocTpaHcTBO, npoTMBonono®Hoe xTOHMHecKOñ 3aMKHyTocTM. Boo6^e gBM®eHue 6ora Bcerga 03HaHaeT co3gaHue HOBOñ npocrpaHc-TBeHHoñ cucTeMH. 3gecb gocTaTOHHO BcnoMHMTb mm^ o Tpex marax BumHy, 6naroga-pa KOTopHM npeogoneBaeTca geMOHMHecKaa 3aMKHyTOcTb m co3gaeTca TpexHacTHaa cTpyKTypa Mupa. BeguHecKuñ ruMH nogHepKUBaeT ^T0T KocMoroHMHecKuñ acneKT geaHua BumHy, Komopuû u3Mepun 3eMnue npocmpancmea, / Komopuû yKpenun eep-xnee o6w,ee Munum^e, / TpuMdu ma^ny6, (on,) daneKo uàyw,uû (Pmeeba I, 154: nepeBog T.#. Enu3apeHK0B0ñ). TpeHecKue mm^h, b KOTopbx 6oru unu 6o®ecTBeHHHe cy^ec-TBa, Bpoge KpbnaToro KOHa neraca, demammcH, TaK®e bo3mo®ho B03BecTM k komo-roHMHecKOMy apxeTuny30. B gBU®eHUu ^eTO, MMero^eM cBoeñ ^nbro po®geHue 6ora, KOTopbñ gon®eH cTaTb b ^HTpe onMMnuñcKoñ KocMocucTeMb, oh npocMaTpuBaeTca gOcTaTOHHO OTHeTnMBO. 30 noHaTue apxeTuna ynGTpa6naeTca HaMU b 3HaHeHUu ugeanbHGñ Mogenu, He cBa3aHHGñ c MHguBugyanbHHM unu ncuxonoruHecKUM onbTGM, a onpegemaeMOM ucKnroHUTenbHG puTyanbHGñ cucTeMGñ, BHyTpu KOTopoñ GHa peanu3yeTca. Ecnu GTcyTcTByeT puTyanbHaa MGgenb G^a, tg GTcyTcTByeT TaK®e noHaTue g6 gt^ KaK HGcuTene onnogoTBoparo^ero ceMeHU (cm.: Malinowski 1927), t. e. He onHT onpegenaeT puTyanbHyro cxeMy, a 3Ta nocnegHaa KGHcTpyupyeT peanbHGcTb bg Bcex ee acneKTax. ^eTO ocTaHaBnuBaeTca b npegenbHoö ToHKe, KoTopaa cTaHoBuTca ^HTpoM Mupa, hto nogHepKuBaeTca ocrpoBHHM nono®eHueM Mecma, rge gon®eH poguTbca 6or, a TaK-®e TeM, hto po®geHue npoucxoguT oKono öepeea. CoHeTaHue Tpex ^neMeHTOB - Mopa, ocTpoBa u gepeBa - yKa3HBaeT Ha to, hto 3gecb mh uMeeT ^HTp Mupa, u b ^TOM ^HTpe npou3pacTaeT MupoBoe gepeBo31. TaKUM o6pa3oM, po®geHue 6ora npoucxoguT b npo-CTpaHCTBeHHoö ToHKe, KoTopaa cTaHoBuTca ^HTpoM Mupa. BoruHa po®gaeT Anonno-Ha b npucyTCTBUu gpyrux 6oruHb, U3 KoTopHx Ha3HBaK>Tca caMHe Ba^HHe: ^eMuga, Pea, fluoHa, ho nogHepKuBaeTca hto 6binu TaM aAAai t' äGavatai (95: gpyrue 6eccMepT-HHe), 3a ucKnroneHueM repH u 6oruHU Mnu^uu, KoTopyro repa xuTpocTbro ygep®uBana, hto6h 3agep®aTb po®geHue AnonnoHa, aBneHue KoToporo e^e 6onee coKpaTuno 6h xTOHMHecKyro c^epy, KaK ^TO npoucxoguT nočne ero noeguHKa c SpaKaiva. nepeMe^eHue Mnu^uu u3 xToHunecKoö c^epH, ^epcoHU^u^upyeMOM repoö, b cTopoHy ^eTo npoucxoguT c yguBuTenbHoö nerKocTbro u ecrecTBeHHocrbro. M b caMoM gene, b xToHunecKoö c^epe repH HeT gBu®eHua, a noceMy, Bxoga b npocTpaHcTBo, ot-KpHToe gBu®eHueM ^eTo, Mnu^ua 6HcTpo nepeMe^aeTca BMecTe c 6oruHeM-Becrau-^m Mpugoö. Mo®ho npegnono®uTb, hto u Bce gpyrue 6oruHu oKa3HBaK>Tca oKono ^eTo, nocne Toro, KaK oHa oTKpHna BoKpyr ce6a npocmpaucmeo poMdeHua, KoTopoe aKTyanu3upyeTca b MoMeHT Bxo®geHua b Hero 6ora. OTMenaroTca Bce MoMeHTH po®geHua AnonnoHa. Mo®ho npegnono®uTb, hto u 3gecb b KanecTBe Mogenu cny®un peanbHHM puTyan He xToHunecKoro Tuna, croaBmuö b 0^^03u^uu k xToHunecKoMy puTyany po®geHua HenocpegcTBeHHo ot 3eMnu. ^eTo oxBaTHBaeT gepeBo, cTaHoBuTca Ha KoneHu - He Ha ronyro 3eMnu, a Ha Äsi^wvi ^aÄaKW (118: MarKuö TpaBaHucTHM ny®oK), Ha KoTopHM eunpbttueaem (119: sGops) MnageHe^ a He npocTo naccuBHo nagaeT, t. e. ero gBu®eHue c caMoro HaHana aKmueuo, npegBe^aa u 3agaBaa ero nocnegyro^yro ^yH^uro. BoruHu cpa3y ®e oTpHBaroT 6o®ecTBeHHoe guTa ot 3eMnu, xoTa u ynu6amw,eüca (118: ^dSr|CT£) u 6narocKnoHHoö, oMHBaroT ero, o6neKaroT 6enoö TKaHbro, ho npu ^TOM He no3BonaroT eMy npu6nu3uTbca k MaTepu, KoTopaa nocne po®geHua npogon®aeT He-ctu b ce6e xmouunecKuü ^neMeHm, c KoTopHM 6or HuKaK He gon®eH conpuKacaTbca. M TonbKo nocne BKymeHua nu^H 6oroB AnonnoH ocBo6o®gaeTca ot cBa3HBaBaBmux ero oge®g, npenaTcTBoBaBmux, Hago gyMaTb, Bxo®geHuro b conpuKocHoBeHue c 3eM-neö u MaTepbKi; BcTaeT Ha 3eMnro u nonynaeT aTpu6yTH cboux ^yH^uö, npou3Hoca puTyanbHyro ^opMyny: nycmb nodadym MHe u3o^Hymuü nyK u nm6e3Hym nupy. / Hwöxm HaHHy npopu^mb a pemema HenoMHue 3eeca! (131-132: dr| ^oi KtGapk; ts fiAr| Kai Ka-^nuÄa TÖ^a, / XPHaw S' ävGpwnoiai Aio; vr^epTsa ßouA^v). Ku^apa 3gecb He npocTo cuMBonu3upyeT opaKynbHyro ^yH^uro, ho aBnaeTca uHcmpyMeHmoM, npu nocpegcTBe KoToporo coo6^aeTca Bona BepxoBHoro 6ora, a noceMy TaK®e mOTuHecKoe u My3HKanbHoe ucKyccTBo ecTb He npocTo BocneBaHue geaHuö 6oroB u repoeB, a coo6^eHue nrogaM Bonu 6oroB, ho b c^e^u^UHecKOM ^opMe Mu^a. CoeguHeHue Ku^apH c nyKoM 6onee HeM ecrecreeHHo, Begb u nyK b HeKoTopoM cMHcne ecTb My3HKanbHHM uHcTpyMeHT, a TeTuBa - cTpyHa, KoTopaa u3gaeT 3ByK, peanu3ya npu nocpegcTBe crpenH Bonro 6ora. 31 Cm.: TonopoB 1987, c. 398-405. Po^geHue 6ora nog gepeBoM u nocpegu Mopa TaK®e cnegyeT apxeTunu-HecKoü Mogenu: Mygpe^ MapKaHgea b cBoeM cTpaHcTBuu no nepBo6HTHoMy oKeaHy co3ep^aeT BumHy KaK 6o®ecTBeHHoe guTa, urparo^ee b oguHoHecTBe nog MupoBHM gepeBoM (Zimmer 1993, p. 41, c cbinKofi Ha: Matsya Purana, CLXVII, 13-25). C MOMeHTa, Korga AnoHHOH nonynaeT Ku^apy u HyK, oh HanuHaeT CBoe gBM^e-Hue no OTKpHTOMy npocTpaHCTBy, KOTopoe 6or caKpanu3yeT, onpegeHaa ero a6coHroT-Hbie napaMeTpbi. y6uMCTBO qygoBu^a, nopo^geHHoro 3eMHeö, o6o3HanaeT nepeMe^e-Hue caKpanbHoro ^HTpa (b nHaHe KOCMoroHunecKOM u TeoroHunecKOM) c ^eHCKoro Havana (3eMHu) k My^cKOMy (cbrny Bora-rpoMOBep^a). repa caMa no ce6e nopo^gaeT cHa6oro u KpuBOHororo le^ecra (III, 317). 3eBc po^gaeT caM no ce6e A^uHy KOTopaa npeBocxoguT Bcex 6oroB (III, 314-315). Ot reu repa nonynaeT Tu^OHa, po^geHue ko-Toporo yKa3HBaeT Ha ucTO^eHue reHepaTuBHHx ^OTeH^MM 3eMHu, Hecnoco6HOM 6oHee nopo^gaTb 6oroB, a TOHbKO nygoBu^. 3gecb yragbiBaeTca noHeMunecKaa HanpaBHeH-HocTb npoTuB xtohu^ckux ^hckux KyHbTOB. ^Ta reHepaTuBHaa ^OTeH^Ma BoccTa-HaHuBaeTca b pe3yHbTaTe 3aMe^eHua ^eHcKoro Havana m^^ckum KaK HeucnepnaeMoro ucTOHHuKa ^Hep^MM, Heo6xoguMOM gHa noggep^aHua KocMunecKOM ^u3Hu Ha Bcex ee ypoBHax, 6o^ecTBeHHOM u ^ubothom. AnoHHOH aBHaeTca m^^ckum 6o^ecTBOM par excellence. B ^TOM cBoeM KanecTBe oh BbicTynaeT b Opecmee ^cxMHa. 3gecb noHeMuKa c xTOHunecKuMu KyHbTaMu goBegeHa go cBoero TparunecKoro npegena - y6uöcTBa MaTepu, KOTopaa ecTb alter ego MaTepu-3eM-hu. B koh^ koh^b 3eMHbie geMOHbi, ^pMHHMM, npuMuparoTca c hobom anoHHuHunec-KOM cucTeMOM, noHynaa B3aMeH xpaM u KyHbT, xoTa u 3HanuTenbHO HeÖTpanu3OBaHHHM b cBoeö HananbHOM xTOHunecKOM ^OTeH^MM. TaK^e AnoHHOH, y6uBmuM nygoBu^Hoe nopo^geHue 3eMHu, Ha MecTe, rge oho o6uTaHO, cTpouT cbom xpaM u ycTaHaBHuBaeT nu^uMcKue urpH, t. e. oh OT^acTu coxpaHaeT cTapbiö xTOHunecKuft KyHbT, ho KaK 6ec-nnoTHyro TeHb, KOTopaa ocTanacb nocne y6uöcTBa qygoBu^a, crauBmero nog nynaMu coHHe^Horo 6ora lenuoca. B ^TOM puTyanbHOM KOHTeKcTe ecTecTBeHHO pemaeTca Bonpoc, hto cTaHO c Tu^o-HOM nocne cMepTu ero BocnuTaTeHbHu^i SpaKaiva. PaccKa3 o po^geHuu Tu^OHa, 6e3 coMHeHua, aBHaeTca BcTaBHHM, cBoero poga ^MTaTOM, hto HucKOHbKO He yMeHbmaeT ero cTpyKTypHOM onpaBgaHHocTu, He genaa ^TO 3auMcTBOBaHue npuxoTbro KaKoro-Hu-6ygb no3gHero nepenucnuKa-KOMnunaTopa. Bcë 3gecb nognuHaeTca Mu^o-puTyaHb-HOM HoruKe, Begy^eö k AnoHHOHy KaK ^HTpy hobom He-xTOHunecKOM cucTeMH Mupa. Top^ecTByro^uM Hag y6uTHM nygoBu^eM AnoHHOH npou3HocuT b Bbicmeö cTeneHu MHoro3HanuTeHbHHe cHOBa, KOTopbie BnoHHe pacKpbiBaroT KocMoroHunecKoe cogep^a-Hue geaHua 6ora: Hum om ^u6enu 3noü He cnacmu me6n hu Tu