Boru m TMTaHw B TeoroHMM TecMoga Muxaun Ee3nun 00 CO Analysed is the exclusively masculine origin of Titans in Hesiod's "Theogony". The author demonstrates that Titans were generated by Heaven himself without the participation of the Earth, as described by Apollodorus. This masculine, and also impersonal Titans' quality permits to consider them as a special class of primordial beings. OTo^gecTBneHue nepBbix gBeHag^Tu coBMecmbix nopo^geHun Ten u ypaHa c TuTaHaMu cgenanocb CBoero poga gomon, noBTopaeMon bo Bcex crapbix u hobhx cnoBapax no MM^onoruu (Lavedan 1931, 952; .HoceB 1988, 514). Ho ecnu o6paTuTbca HenocpegcTBeHHo k rpenecKoMy TeKCTy, to TepaeTca BcaKaa yBepeHHocTb, hto TuTa-Hbi - ^To coBMecTHbe geTu reu u ypaHa. Bbi3biBaeT TaK^e coMHeHue pa3geneHue Ha cTapbix u Monogbix 6oroB KaK gByx npoTuBoöopcTByro^ux rpynn. B KanecTBe BToporo noKoneHua (BHyKoB reu u ypaHa) onuMnuncKue 6oru, pa3yMeeTca, ecTb Mnadmue, hto, ogHaKo, He aBnaeTca gocraTo^HbiM ocHoBaHueM gna MHTep^peTa^MM TuTaHoMaxuu KaK 6opb6bi cTapbix u Monogbix 6oroB. nepBoe u BTopoe noKoneHua 6oroB npegcraBnaroTca KaK eguHaa rpynna: At 5' ä^ßpoTov ÖCTCTav [äaat 0£wv ysvo^ a'tSotov np&Tov KÄsiouaiv äotSfl ¿^ äpx^i, ou; rata Kai Oupavo; supuc; stiktsv, oi t' ¿k twv ¿YsvovTo 9soi, Sunups; ¿awv. Eo^uHu Me ^nacoM öeccuepmnuM npewde 6ce^o eocneeamm docmoünoe nonecmeü nneMX Tex u3 6o^o6, nmo 3eMneü poMÖenu om mupoKo^o He6a, M 6na^o^a6^e6-6o^o6, nmo om ^mux 6o^o6 napodunucb. (43-46)1 B KoHTeKCTe BocneBaHua My3aMu 3eBca 6bino 6bi no MeHbmen Mepe cTpaHHo, ecnu 6bi ohu BocneBanu TaK^e npoTuBHuKoB BepxoBHoro Bora, t. e. TuTaHoB. npaB-ga, ohu cnaBaT TaK^e Manema u xumpopa3yMHo^o Kpona (18), ho ynacTue ^TMx gByx CTapmux 6oroB b TuTaHoMaxuu BoBce He aBnaeTca caMo co6on pa3yMero^uMca, KaK ^To npegcraBnaeTca BecTy2. KpoMe Toro, cbom gonro b xBanax KpoH 3acny^uBaeT c 1 3gecb u ganee KypcuBoM gaeTca nepeBog B.B. BepecaeBa, npaMbiM mpu^TöM - gocroBHbm nepeBog. 2 West 1966, 200. ManeT ynoMuHaeTca KaK cynpyr oKeaHugw KraMeHbi u oTe^ AraaHTa, npoMeTea, MeHeTua u ^^MMeTea. C hum He cBa3biBaeTca HuKaKoro Mu^a, o ero y^acTuu b TuTaHüMaKuu Ha tqm urn gpyron nonHHM npaBOM: Begb ^To oh oTgenun He6o ot 3eMnu, t. e. coBepmun ochobhom geMu-ypruHecKuft aKT. Bot KaK u3naraeT BecT b Prolegomena k cBoeMy KoMMeHTapuro rpeHecKoro TeKCTa Teo^oHuu recuoga mh^ o 6opb6e TuTaHoB npoTUB onuMnuftcKux 6oroB: "Kronos now rallies the other Titans to war against the new gods" (West 1966, 19). ^TO cnpaBegnuBo gna Anonnogopa (Bibl. I, ii, 1), ho HaxoguTca b nonHoM nporaBopeHuu c TeKcroM recu-oga, y KoToporo co6upaeT Ha 6uTBy 6oroB, cmapux u Monodux, He ypaH, a 3eBc: B mom deHb, Ko^^a Ha BenuKuû Onuun HeôoMumeneû eenHUx Co3Ban k ce6e MonHeeepMe^ KpoHud, onuunuûcKuû enaduKa. (390-391) nocne ^T0^0 u3no:«eHua craHoBUTca coBepmeHHo HenoHaTHHM, Koro KoMMeHTu-pyeT BecT, recuoga unu Anonnogopa. OTHomeHue aBTopa Eu6nuomeKu k Mu^aM hhc-to mKonbHoe u co6upaTenbcKoe. KocMoroHUHecKoe cogep^aHue, KoTopoe b Teo^oHuu recuoga ctout Ha nepBoM nnaHe, b Eu6nuomeKe HaHucTo oTcyTcTByeT. KpoMe Toro, ee cocTaBUTenb genaeT omu6Ky b tom, hto KacaeTca cucmeMU onno3u^û, o6a3aTenbHoM gna nro6oft Mu^onoruu3. y recuoga b nonHoM cooTBeTcTBuu c apxeTunuHecKoft cxeMoM nepeHucnaroTca mecTb My^cKux 6o^ecTB u mecrb ^eHcKux (136-138). K ^TUM mecru ^hckhm 6o^ecTBaM Anonnogop go6aBnaeT cegbMyro - fluoHy (Bibl. I, i, 1), KoTopaa y recuoga aBnaeTca ogHoft u3 gonepeft OKeaHa u Te^uu (353). ^T0 go6aBneHue cTaHo-BUTca BnonHe noHaTHHM, ecnu BcnoMHUTb, hto b Mnuade fluoHa BbicTynaeT b KaHecTBe MaTepu A^poguTH (V, 370-371), a noceMy oHa BKnroHaeTca b Hucno gpeBHeftmux 6o-^ecTB, geTeft reu u ypaHa, KoTopbie cTanu paccMaTpuBaTbca no3gHUMu co6upaTenaMu mh^ob KaK TuTaHH4. y Anonnogopa TaK^e BnepBHe (b u3BecTHbix ucToHHUKax) noaBnaeTca cnoBo p. mh. h. TiTaviôaç (TuTaHugbi). y recuoga cnoBo mr|v HUKorga He ctoht b p., hto yKa3HBaeT Ha TuTaHoB KaK ucKnroHUTenbHo My^cKux 6o^ecTB, b to BpeMa KaK cnoBo 9ea (6oruHa) BcTpeHaeTca nocToaHHo KaK b eg., TaK u bo mh. Hucne5. C TuTaHaMu KpoH cTopoHe HeT ga^e HaMeKa. 3 B KaHecTBe 06pa3^0B0M cxeMbi Mu^onoruHecKux 0^03u^uM mo^ho npuBecTu renuononbcKyro ^HHea^y (Py6uHmTeMH 1987, 422-423). Bor ÂTyM, noaBnaeTca H3 xaoca-HyHa, caM ce6a onnogoTBopaeT, npornoTUB co6cTBeHHoe ceMa, h po^gaeT, BbmnroHyB ceMa, ffly h Te^HyT (My^cKoe 6o®ecTBo h ^eHcKoe), KoTopbie po^garoT re6a h HyT (My^cKoe 6o®ecTBo h ^eHcKoe). 3th nocnegHue po^garoT Mcugy h He^Tugy, Ocu-puca h CeTa (gBa My^cKux 6o®ecTBa h gBa ^eHcKux). 4 noKa3aTenbHo oTcyTcTBue Mu^a o TuTaHax b Mnuage. Ohh ynoMUHaroTca TonbKo oguH pa3 b KoHTeKcTe KnaTBH repH: 0eoùç ô' ôvô|ir|vev ânavTaç / Toùç ùnoTapTapiouç o'î Trrf|veç raXeovTai (npu3ueana / Bcex 6osoe npeucnoànux, TumanaMu e Mupe ¡oeoMUx. XIV, 278-279: nepeBog H. M. rHeguHa). B KaHecTBe HaMeKa Ha TuTaHoB mo^ho uHTepnpeTupoBaTb 3th cnoBa 3eBca: |ià\a yàp ke |iàxr|Ç ênùOovro Kai âWoi, / oï nep évepTepoi eiai 0eoi Kpôvov à^çiç éôvTeç (ycnumanu 6 ^pomym 6panb u àpysue, / CaMue 6o^u noàseMuue, cyw,ue ouono Rpona! XV, 224-225). 3th gBa ynoMUHaHua mo^ho uHTepnpeTupoBaTb, KaK yKa3aHue Ha TuTaHoB KaK nog3eMHHX 6oroB. Ecnu BepHo, hto cy^ecTBoBan b Tapce KynbT TuTaHoB (Lavedan 1931, 953), to noHTH c yBepeHHocTbro mo^ho cKa3aTb, hto ohh 6binu nog3eMHHMu 6o®ecTBaMH, h TonbKo b recuo-goBcKue BpeMeHa cTanu He6ecHHMH 6oraMH, coxpaHHB npu stom cBoro nepBoHaHanbHyro XToHHHecKyro npupogy. 5 npoMeTeM Ha3HBaeT cBoro MaTb OeMugy Tiraviç (Pr. 874), t. e. TuTaHugoM, ho bo Bcex gpyrux cnyHaax (207, 427), cnoB TiT^v ctoht Bcerga b My^cKoM poge KaK bo mh., TaK h b eg. y recuoga OeMuga - goHb reu h YpaHa (135). Ho ecnu nocnymaTb npoMeTea, to OeMuga oKa3HBaeTca TeeM-3eMneM (Pr. 211-212). C gpyroM cTopoHH 3Ta rea-OeMuga aBHo oTnuHaeTca ot XOovôç, MaTepu TuTaHoB (Pr. 207). HacToa^eM u eguHc- BcTpenaeTca TonbKo oguH pa3 - b TapTape: Tumanu nod Tapmapou OKono Kpona (851: Tit^vsc; 0' unotaptapioi, Kpovov a^fk; ¿ovtsc;), M3 Hero BOBce He cnegyeT, hto KpoH BoeBan BMecTe c TuTaHaMu npoTuB 3eBca6. O ero HenocpegcTBeHHOM ynacTuu b TuTa-HOMaxMM y recuoga Hurge He roBopuTca. Oh ynoMuHaeTca ucKnroHuTenbHo KaK OTe^ onuMnuHCKMX 6oroB: M6o yM domoe BpeMx cpaManucx ^py^ npomue ^py^a B xpux, MO^y^ux 6oxx, c nanpxMenueM, panxw,uM dymy, Eo^u-TumaHu u 6o^u, poMdennue na ceem om Kpona. (629-631) MMa KpoHa aBnaeTca cBoero poga 3naKoM, KOTopbift oTnunaeT onuMnuftcKux 6o-roB, npoTuBonocTaBnaa ux TuTaHaM. Pa3yMeeTca, 3eBc 6opeTca TaK^e u npe^ge Bcero co cboum o^om KpoHoM, ho ^TO coBepmeHHo oTgenbHaa 6opb6a: oHa npegmecTByeT 6opb6e c TuTaHaMu, TaK^e KaK ^Ta nocnegHaa ugeT nepeg 6opb6oft c Tu^ohom. Bce ^TM 6utbh BepxoBHoro Bora uMeroT ucKnroHuTenbHo KocMoroHunecKoe 3HaneHue, oTMenaa co6om gBu^eHue ot xaoca k KocMunecKOMy nopagKy, ycraHaBnuBaeMOMy onuMnuftcKu-mu 6oraMu. Succession Myth uMeeT cMbicn TonbKo b tom KocMoroHunecKOM KoHTeKcTe u cTaHOBuTca coBepmeHHoft 6eccMbicnu^ft, ecnu uHTepnpeTupoBaTb ero «nonuTunec-ku», t. e. KaK cMeHy He6ecHbix npaBuTeneft no o6pa3^ 3eMHbx. BecT uHTepnpeTupyeT Teo^OHum no Anonnogopy, cornacHo KoTopoMy «ypaH nepBHM cTan npaBuTb BceM mu-poM» (Bibl. I, i, 1: nepeBog B. r. BopyxoBuna), BcnoMuHaa TaK^e xuTpoyMHoro npoMe-Tea (Pr. 204-206) u coBceM 3a6biBaa npaMogymHoro recuoga. y Anonnogopa mm, geftc-TBuTenbHo, uMeeM Succession Myth u Hunero 6onbme. Tecuog ^e paccKa3HBaeT He o tom, kto 6bin nepBHM, BTopbiM unu TpeTbuM npaBuTeneM Ha 3eMne u He6e, a KaK 6o^u, KaK nama 3eMnx 3apodunacb, KaK 6ecnpedenbnoe Mope xeunocx myMnoe, peKu, 3ee3du, necyw,ue ceem, u mupoKoe ne6o nad naMu. (108-110) CropoHy 3eBca b 6opb6e npoTuB TuTaHoB npuHuMaroT 6oru, ho KaKue 6oru? ^TOT Bonpoc coBceM He npa3gHHM, ecnu npuHaTb bo BHuMaHue, hto b Teo^OHuu otobom 0£o; (0£ol) onpegenaroTca pa3nuHHbie Knaccbi cBepx^ecTecTBeHHHx cy^ecTB: geTu reu u ypaHa (45), A^poguTa (196), EBpu6ua (376), Kom u $e6a (405), reKaTa (426), 3eBc TBeHHOM TuTaHugoM, TaKuM o6pa3OM, oKa3HBaeTca rea-3eMna, a TuTaHbi b cBoeM coBOKynHocTu aBnaroTca ucKnroHuTenbHo My^cKuMu 6o®ecTBaMu, hto nogHepKuBaeTca rpy6oM cunoM, KOTopaa ux oTnuHaeT (Pr. 206-210). 6 3eBc 3acTaBnaeT KpoHa u3BeprHyTb npornoHeHHbix geTeM (495), ho hto npoucxoguT c caMuM KpoHoM He coo6^aeTca. M TonbKo u3 onucaHua noeguHKa 3eBca c Tu^ohom mh y3HaeM, hto KpoH BMecTe c TuTaHaMu npe6biBaeT nod TapmapoM (851). B Mnuabe roBopuTca o Hu3Bep^eHuu 3eBcoM KpoHa nog 3eMnro (XIV, 198-199), a TaK^e o npe6biBaHuu KpoHa BMecTe c ManeTOM (a He TuTaHaMu) b TapTape (VIII, 479-481). BMecTe c KpoHoM npe6biBaK>T TaK^e evepTepoi 0eol (XV, 225: Hu^Hue 6oru), KOTopbie BnonHe MoryT 6biTb TuTaHaMu, ecnu stux nocnegHux paccMaTpuBaTb KaK nog3eMHbix 6oroB. YnoMuHaHue KpoHa u ManeTa b rHeBHOM peHu 3eBca, o6pa^eHHoM k repe, no3BonaeT npegnono^uTb, hto cy^ecTBOBan oTgenbHHM mu^ o6 uHguBugyanbHOM npoTuBo6opcTBe ManeTa c 3eBcoM, 3a hto oh 6bin c6pomeH b TapTap, ho 6e3 BcaKoro oTHomeHua k TuTaHaM, o 6opb6e c KOTopHMu y IoMepa HuHero He roBopuTca. (387), TUTaHH-6oru (630, 648, 668: Tit^vsc; ts 0sol)7, lönHoc u TaHaToc (759), Aug (767), Ctmkc (776), chh HepeugH AM^uTpuTbi u noceögoHa (933: Ssivo; 0£Ö;), CeMena u ee chh fluoHuc (942). ^Tu npuMepbi unnrocrpupyroT KpaöHroro HeonpegeneHHocTb noHaTua 0sö;. Oho othocutch KaK k He6ecHHM 6oKecTBaM, TaK u xToHUHecKUM, a TaKKe cHHoBbaM 3eBca ot cMepTHHX KeH^uH. C gocTaTOHHblM ocHoBaHueM mokho oTHocuTb K Gsoi TaKKe HygoBu^Horo Tu^oHa. O HeM roBopuTca, hto oh uMen «HeycTaHHbie Horu cunbHoro 6ora» (824: nöSs; ¿Ka^aToi KpaTspoü 0sou), hto mokho uHTepnpeTupoBaTb KaK yKa3a-Hue Ha ero 6oKecTBeHHoe KaHecTBo. Co3HBaa 6oroB (391), 3eBc o6pa^aeTca k 6oraM npuHagneKa^uM k pa3nuHHHM noKoneHuaM u KnaccaM - k xToHUHecKUM u He6ecHHM, MonogHM u cTapHM. noggepKKa, oKa3aHHaa 3eBcy co cTopoHH cTpamHoö Ctukc (397), goHepu gpeBHeömero 6ora OKeaHa u Te^uu (361), KuKnonoB (139-141) u CTopyKux (654) cBugeTenbcTByeT o KpaöHeö pa3HopogHocTu onuMnuöcKoro BouHcTBa, hto, MeK-gy npoHuM, He pa3 oTMeHanocb, ho 6e3 bchkux nocnegcTBuö gna ycToaBmuxca npeg-craBneHuö o TuTaHoMaxuu KaK 6opb6e crapbix u hobhx 6oroB. BecT oTgenaeT KuKnonoB u CTopyKux ot ux pogHHX 6paTbeB-6oroB, nepeHucna-eMHx b cnucKe nepBHx gBeHag^Tu coBMecTHHx nopoKgeHuö reu u ypaHa: "The list of children that follows as far as 138, six male and six female, forms the group to which Uranos gives the name of Titans in 207; the Cyclopes and Hundred-Handers (139-53) cannot be included, since they help Zeus against the Titans in the Titanomachy" (West 1966, 200). BecT TaKKe oTMeHaeT reTeporeHHocTb rpynnH 6oroB, KoTopHx, cnegya Tpa-gu^uu, oh oTOKgecTBnaeT c TuTaHaMu: "The heterogeneity of the list is striking. Beside the dangerous ogres Kronos and Iapetos, we find the relatively colourless figures Koios, Kreios, Hyperion, Theia; the gentle Oceanus, who encourages his daughter Styx to help Zeus against the Titans" (West 1966, 200). TaKuM o6pa3oM, u3 Bcex ^Tux gBeHag^Tu 'TuTaHoB' b nynmeM cnyHae TonbKo gBoe, KpoH u ManeT, Mornu yHacTBoBaTb b TuTaHoMaxuu Ha cTopoHe npoTuBHuKoB 3eBca. C gpyroö cTopoHH, KuKnonH u cTopyKue - pogHHe 6paTbH nepBHx gBeHag^Tu 6oroB, a noceMy HeT pemuTenbHo HuKaKux npu-huh He BKnroHaTb ux b Hucno TuTaHoB. Ecnu k TuTaHaM oTHocuTb TonbKo Tex 6oroB, KoTopHe BoeBanu npoTuB 3eBca, Henb3a Ha3HBaTb TuTaHoM gaKe OKeaHa, cTapmero cHHa reu u ypaHa, a TaKKe npuHucnaTb k TuTaHugaM Pero, MaTb 3eBca, ^eMugy, BTopyro KeHy 3eBca, Te^uro, cynpyry OKeaHa, $e6y, MaTb ^eTo, poguBmeö ot 3eBca AnonnoHa u ApTeMugy, MHeMocuHy, MaTb My3, t. e. 6oKecTB, xoTa u 'cTapbix', ho npuHagneKa^ux k hoboö onuMnuöcKoö cucTeMe Mupa. Bonee Toro, caMo no ce6e oToKgecTBneHue TuTaHoB c toö unu uhoö KoHKpeT-Hoö rpynnoö 6oroB aBnaeTca b BHcmeö cTeneHu npo6neMaTuHHHM. BecT npogonKaeT: "This, with the fact that lists given by other sources ... vary in number and composition, indicates that the identification of the Titans with this particular group of gods is secondary: originally they must have been a collective body (like the Muses, Nereids, etc: p. 32) without individual names and of indefinite number. It is collective body that we are to 7 3gecb Bö3HMKaeT Bonpoc o 3HaHeHMM HacTM^i ts, KoTopaa, xoTa m cna6ee coro3a Kai, coegMHaeT gBa cnoBa, a noceMy Tlt^ve; ts 0eol MoryT MHTepnpeTMpoBaTbca KaK Tumarni u 6o^u. Bo ^pa3e Tlt^ve; ts 0eol Kal öaoi Kpövou e^syevovTo (TMTaHH-6oru m Te, KoTopHe poKgeHH ot KpoHa) Kal oTgenaeT m npoTMBonocTaBnaeT ogHy rpynny (Tlt^ve; ts 0sol) gpyroö (öaoi Kpövou e^syevovTo), a noceMy 0sol, npucoegMHaeMoe HacTM^M ts k Tit^ve; cnegyeT paccMaTpMBaTb KaK onpegeneHMe TuTaHoB KaK 6oroB, ho 6oroB pe3Ko oTnMHHHx ot Tex, KoTopHe 6biflM poKgeHH ot KpoHa m KoTopHe mm npoTMBocToaT. think of in connexion with the Titanomachy" (West 1966, 200). CnegoBano 6bi yroHHUTb, hto UMeeTca b Bugy nog noHATueM collective body? Bce onuMnuncKue 6oru npegcTaBna-roT co6oM eguHoe KonneKTUBHoe Teno, ho Bce ohm nouMenoeanu u tohho onpegeneHbi b Hucne, b tom Hucne My3bi (75-79), Hepeugbi (242-262) u XapMTbi (907-909)8. EguHc-TBeHHaA rpynna 6oroB, KoTopaa ocraeTca y recuoga 6e3biMeHHon u HeonpegeneHHon b Hucne, - ^To TuTaHbi. Ohu BnepBbie ynoMUHaroTca b ^T0M oTpbiBKe (Th. 207-210): Toù; 8k nat^p TiT^va; èmKÀr|aiv KaÀésaKs naï8a; vsiksîwv ^éyac; Oùpavoç, ou; tsksv aÛTo; faaKS 8k maivovTac; àTaaGaÀir| ^éya pé^ai spyov, tolo 8' snsiTa TÎaiv ^sTomaGsv sasaGai flocnoBHHM nepeBog: Ome^ uueneu Tumauoe ua3ean cuuoeeû, ynpeKax, eenuKuû ypau, Komopux caM nopodun, ^oeopun, nomxnyewuecx uepa3yMuo eenuKoe ucnonuumb deno, 3a Komopoe enocnedcmeue uaKa3auue ôydem. nepeBog B. B. BepecaeBa: flemxM, ua ceem nopoMÔennuM 3eMnem, na3eanbe Tumauoe ffan b nonomenbe ome^ ux, eenuKuû ypau-noeenumenb. PyKy, cKa3an oh, npocmepnu onu k nenecmueoMy deny M coeepmunu 3nodeûcmeo, u ôyàem um Kapa 3a ^mo.9 BepecaeB cry^aeT KpacKu, ucKa«aa npu ^T0M rpeHecKUM TeKcT: ^éya, KoTopoe oh nepeBoguT KaK nenecmueoe, o3HaHaeT «6onbmoe», «BenuKoe». CaMo no ce6e ^éya coBepmeHHo HeMTpanbHo u He uMeeT HuKaKux oTpu^TenbHbix oKpacoK10. CnoBo 3no-deûcmeo Boo6^e oTcyTcTByeT. npuHacrue vsiKsiwv (ot vsiKéw, ynpeKaTb, ocy«gaTb, noHocuTb, ocKop6naTb), xota uMeeT oTpu^TenbHoe 3HaHeHue, ho Bce «e ctout 6nu«e, ecnu ucxoguTb u3 BecbMa cnoKoMHoro ToHa rpeHecKoro TeKcTa, k ocywdenuw, HeM k noHomeHuro. ypaH ocy«gaeT cboux geTen, KaK mo«ho npegnono«UTb 3a to, hto ohm noTHHynucb k geny, KoTopoe um ne nod cuny, a He ^0^T0My, hto oho - 'HeHecTUBoe'. rpaMMaTUHecKaa cTpyKTypa ^pa3bi (TiTaivovTa; ... ^éya pé^ai spyov, «noTHHyBmueca ... BenuKoe ucnonHUTb geno») TaK«e yKa3biBaeT, hto peHb ugeT o gene, k KoTopoMy Tu-TaHH TonbKo noTAHynucb, t. e HaMepeBanucb UcnonHUTb ero, ho e^e He ucnonHunu, a noHeMy oho ecTb geno 6ygy^ero, a He npomnoro u ga«e He HacToa^ero. 8 nepeHMOTSKTca ga^e MMeHa cwHOBeM m go^epeM OKeaHa m Ts^mm (337-368), xots m He Bce, ho Bce ohm MMeroT hms: 3Haem Ha3BaHbe nomoKa numb mom, Kmo BÔnmu oôumaem (371). 9 Cp. aHraMMCKMM nepeBog: 'But these sons whom he begot himself great Heaven used to call Titans (Strainers) in reproach, for he said that they strained and did presumptuously a fearful deed, and that vengeance for it would come afterwards' (Hesiod 1982). 10 TaK^e m b aHraMMCKOM BepcMM |aeya nepeBogMTcs coBepmeHHo yBogs^MM ot mctmhhoto 3Ha^eHMS OTOBOM fearful (y^acHWM, cTpamHbm), t. e. m 3gecb nepeBog npMcnoca6;iMBaeTCS nog 'Teopuro'. B oTnuHue ot gena TuTaHOB, KOTopoe gonKHo TonbKo coBepmuTbca b 6ydyw,eM, o HacTOA^MX genax ypaHa m leu roBopuTca c oTpu^TenbHbiMM ^^MTeTaMM. rea 3aMHm-naeT SoÀir|v Sè kœk^v ... té^v^v (140: KOBapHaa 3naa XMTpocTb). O geñcrBuax ypaHa, KOTopbiM He no3BonaeT bhmtm geTHM 3eMnu Ha CBem (èç fàoç) roBopuTca KaK o 3noM dene (158: KaKÛ spyw). lea oÓBMHaeT ypaHa b tom, hto oh aBunca 3aHMHaTeneM 3nux den (166: àsiKéa spya). 'fleno' KpoHa TonbKo 3aBepmaeT 3nbie gena ypaHa m KoBapHbie yMbic-hh leu. Pa3yMeeTca, oTceHeHue geTopogHoro HneHa ypaHa - 6onbmoe deno (^éya spyov), nocKonbKy MMeeT cbomm cnegcTBueM oTgeneHue 3eMnu ot He6a m co3gaHue 6onbmoro MupoBoro npocTpaHCTBa. C ^T0M KocMoroHMHecKOM cTopoHH mokho gyMaTb, hto geno, KoTopoe coBepmun KpoH, ecTb mo cauoe, k KoTopoMy noTHHynucb TuTaHH. OgHaKo gna ^T0M MHTep^peTa^MM, KpoMe rpaMMaTMHecKMX coo6paKeHMM, uMeeTca gpyroe npe-naTCTBue: ^TO geno ogHoro TonbKo KpoHa, a Bce gpyrue geTu reu m ypaHa ynacTua b HeM He npuHMManu: ffemu mou u om^ He^ecmuBo^o! Ecnu xomume Eumb MHe nocnywHbiMu, CMoMeM omyy mu Bo3damb 3a 3nodeücmBü BameMy: u6o oh nepBuü yMamue Bew,u 3aMucnun. TaK ^oBopuna. Ho, cmpaxoM o6'bxmue, demu Monnanu. M hu oduH He omBemun. (164-168). B TaKOM cnyHae, noHeMy ypaH o6pa^aeTca ko BceM geTAM, o6e^aa BceM HaKa3a- Hue? MOKHO, KOHeHHO rOBOpMTb O KOnneKTMBHOM OTBeTCTBeHHOCTM Bcex geTeM, KOTO-pbie He noMemanu cBoeMy 6paTy coBepmuTb 3noe geno. OTpbiBOK o npoucxoKgeHuu MMeHu TuTaHOB (207-210) HBnaeTCH eguHCTBčhhhm, Ha ocHOBaHuu KOToporo genaeTca yTBep^geHue, hto TuTaHH - geTu ypaHa. B ^TOM HeT HMKaKoro coMHeHua: rpenecKUM TeKCT 3gecb ogHO3HaHeH, ho BOBce He gaeT yBepeHHocTu, hto TuTaHH ecTb TaKKe geTu reu-3eMnu11. B Teo^oHuu, Korga kto-to k KOMy-To o6pa^aeTca, Bcerga yKa3biBaeTca nuHHoe mmh unu oho nogpa3yMeBaeTca, a noceMy ero nerKo ycTaHOBMTb. rea o6pa^aeT-ca k cbomm geTAM (164: natSsç è^ol). Bce ohm He3agonro go Toro 6binu nouMeHOBaHH, gaKe KuKnonbi m CropyKue. OcTaeTca TonbKo 6e3biMHHHbiM HeonpegeneHHoe MHOKec-tbo geTen, KOTopHX ypaH He BbmycKaeT Ha CBem (158: èç fàoç), hto BnonHe ecTecT-BeHHo: He BHXoga Ha cBeT, t. e. He poKgaacb, ohm He nonyHaroT HMKaKOM ^opMbi, gaKe HygoBu^HOM, m ^0^T0My He MMeroT MMeHu. C tohkm 3peHua ^opManbHOM oTpbiBOK o TuTaHax npegcTaBnaeTca BcTaBKOM, MMero^eM cBoeM ^nbro o6^acHMTb npoucxoKgeHue TuTaHOB, c KOTopbiMM 6oproTca onuMnuMcKue 6oru. M b caMOM gene, nocne oTceHeHua KpoHOM geTopogHoro HneHa Bora He6a cnegyeT paccKa3 o poKgeHuu ^pMHHMM, IkraHTOB, hmm^ MenuM m A^pogu-th, KOTopHM npepbiBaeTca oTpbiBKOM co cnoBaMM ypaHa, o6pa^eHHbiMM k ero chho- 11 fleTbMM 3eMHM m He6a TuTaHH cTanu MHoro no3Ke - b npuKoeannoM npoMemee Scxuna (207: Tiràvaç, Oùpavoù te Kal XOovôç TéKva). Mcnonb3OBaHue cnoBa XOovôç, a He rata, KaK b TeoroHMM recuoga, no3-BonaeT cgenaTb npegnonoKeHue o BTopuHHOM xapaKTepe TuTaHOB no oTHomeHuro k geTaM reu m ypaHa. C gpyroM cTopoHH, cBoro MaTb npoMeTeM Ha3HBaeT rata (212), xoTa go6aBnaeT, hto y Hee MHoro MMeH. STa go6aBKa MMeeT cBoeM ^nbro 3aTeMHMTb ucTMHHoe npoucxoKgeHue npoMeTea (o cBoeM o^e oh He roBopuT, ho genaeT TauHcTBeHHbie HaMeKM, M3 KOTopHX mokho 3aKnroHMTb, hto sto 3eBc). Pa3nuHeHue noTOMKOB reu u Xtohoc, KaK KaKeTca, nogHepKMBaeT mx npuHagneKHocTb k pa3nuHHHM BugaM cBepxtec-TecTBeHHHX cy^ecTB. BbHM, KOTOpblX OH Ha3bIBaeT 'TUTaHaMM. 3aTeM paCCKa3 BO3o6HOBHHeTCH M TOBOpMTCH O geTHX Hohm, po»geHHbix eö caMOM. Ecnu npegnono»MTb, hto TaK»e po»geHue TuTa-hob npuHagne»MT k TOMy »e caMOMy pHgy, u ohm, KaK u ruraHTH, po»garoTcH M3 KpoBM nponuBmeöcH M3 OTceHeHHoro HneHa ypaHa, to ^T0T OTpbiBOK nonyHaeT nonHoe cBoe 3HaneHue u onpaBgaHue MMeHHO b ^T0M MecTe u hm b KaKOM gpyroM12. MTaK, kto TaKue ^TM TuTaHH M KaK OHM pogunucb? Cpegu Bcex 6oroB u HygoBM^ TuTaHH ocTaroTcH caMHMU 3aragoHHHMM, hto nog-HepKMBaeTCH OTCyTCTBMeM y HUX HMHHblX MMeH, B KOTOpblX 6bMM 6h KaK-TO o6o3HaHe-HH MX KOCMMHeCKMe ^yH^MM. O HUX MH 3HaeM TOHbKO TO, HTO OHM eCTb «nOTHHyBmM-ecH Hepa3yMHO BenuKoe ucnonHMTb geno» (Titaivovtac; ätaa9aAir| ^éya pé^ai spYov), ho KaKoe ^TO geno mh He 3HaeM. 3gecb bo3mo»hh TOHbKO npegnono»eHMH, ho ogro npegcTaBHHeTCH HecoMHeHHHM: ^T0 geno ecTb coBceM gpyroe, HeM To, KOTopoe 6bino coBepmeHO KpoHOM. OTgeneHue He6a ot 3eMnu TOHbKO co3gaeT ycnoBMH gnH eenuKo^o dena, McnonHMTenHMM KOToporo MO»eT 6biTb TOHbKO HOBoe noKoneHue 6oroB. K ^T0My HOBOMy noKoneHuro 6oroB npuHagne»aT TaK»e TuTaHH. Ho ^TM nocnegHue po»garoTcH nenpaeunbuuM o6pa3OM, u noceMy, KaK roBopuT ypaH, 3a geno, k KOTopoMy ohm noTH-Hynucb, ohm gon»Hbi noHecTM HaKa3aHue. B KOcMoroHMHecKOM KOHTeKCTe ^o^MH recu-oga ^TO geno MO»eT 6biTb TOHbKO geMuypruHecKOö op^aHM3a^MeM Mupa. O6^eKTMBHan KocMoroHMHecKaH noruKa 3acTaBnHeT ypaHa npuHHTb cTopoHy onuMnuMcKMX 6oroB, gaBaH npegcKa3aHMH BMecTe c reeö o cygb6e, KOTopaH o»ugaeT KpoHa (475-476), a TaK-»e gaBaTb coBeTH o tom, KaK cnacTM HOBopo»geHHoro 3eBca (477-478) u no6eguTb TuTaHOB13. OnuMnuMcKue 6oru po»garoTcH npaeunbHo, ho TOHbKO 3eBc He nonagaeT b yTpo6y KpoHa, u ^0^T0My oh cTaHOBMTcH BepxoBHHM BoroM. npaeunbHocmb po»ge-hmh hobhx 6oroB genaeT mx rogHHMM gnH eenuKo^o dena. 3gecb cnegyeT OTMeTMTb gpyroö BecbMa noKa3aTenbHHM cnyHaö (co3HaTenbHoro unu 6ecco3HaTenbHoro, He cyTb Ba»Ho) ucKa»eHMH nepeBogHMKOM rpeHecKoro TeKcTa. nocne Toro, KaK KpoH M3BepraeT cbomx npornoHeHHHX geTeö, 3eBc: Epambee ceoux u cecmep ypanuboe, Komopux 6e3yMno Beep^ e 3aKnmnenbe omeu„ na ceo6ody oh eueen o6pamuo. Ena^o^exHbx e^o He 3a6unu öymoü 6na^o^apHoü Epambx u cecmpu u omdanu ^poM eMy eMecme c nanxw,eü MonHueü. (501-505) ®pa3a 6pambee ceoux u cecmep ypaHudoe MMeeT b Bugy 6paTbeB u cecTep 3eB-ca, ho 3eBc u ero 6paTbH u cecTpbi - He YpaHugbi, a KpoHugH. CnegoBaTenbHO, 3eBc ocBo6o»gaeT He ceoux 6paTbeB u cecTep, a 6paTbeB u cecTep ceoe^o om^ KpoHa. rpeHecKUö TeKcT He ocraBHHeT HMKaKMX HeHcHocTeö b ^T0M OTHomeHMu: Auas 5s 12 OHeBugHa HeHopManbHocmb po»geHMH ruraHTOB, ecnu cpaBHMBaTb ero c npaeunbHUM po»geHueM nepBHX gBeHag^TM geTeö reu u YpaHa. CTporo roBopH, ohm ecTb cbiHOBbH KpoBM u 3eMnu, ho He KaK nMHHoro Ha-Hana, reu, a 6e3nuHHOM xöovöc;. TuTaHH, TaKMM o6pa3OM, b KaHecTBe Oüpavoü Te Kai XOovöc; TéKva (Pr. 207) coBnagaroT no cBoeMy po»geHuro c TuraHTaMM, hto genaeT BnonHe ecTecTBeHHHM OTO»gecTBneHue stmx gByx rpynn. 13 CoBeT o tom, hto6h BHBecTM cTopyKMX, gaeT reH (626), ho mo»ho npegnono»MTb, hto genaeT OHa 3TO He 6e3 BegoMa YpaHa, KaK u b cnyHae coBeTa, KaK y6epeHb 3eBca ot yTpo6bi KpoHa (470-479). natpoKaaryvritouc; óXowv uno Ssa^wv / OúpavíSa;, oü; S^as nat^p asai^poauvriaiv (501: ocBo6ogun 6paTbeB o^a ot okob, YpaHugoB, KoTopbix 3aKOBan oTe^ b 6e3yMMM). CnoBo naTpoKaaiyv^To; o3HanaeT '6paT o^a', 'gaga no o^y', t. e. 3eBc ocBo6oxgaeT He cbomx 6paTbeB u cecTep, KoTopbix oh yxe ocBo6ogun M3 yTpo6bi KpoHa, a 6paTbeB (hm o KaKux cecTpax 3gecb gaxe He ynoMMHaeTca) o^a, KuKnonoB, KOTopbie b 6na-rogapHocTb gapaT eMy «rpoM u nbinaro^yro MonHuro» (504: ^povt^v alGaXósvta Kspauvov). C caMoro Havana roBopuTca o KuKnonax (u b ^T0M coctomt ux ocHOBHaa KocMoroHunecKaa ^yH^ua) KaK co3gaTenax u xpaHMTenax rpoMa u MonHuu (139-141), a noceMy TonbKo ohm m HMKaKMe gpyrue 6oxecTBa, MyxcKue unu xeHcKue, Mornu gaTb 3eBcy rpoM u MonHuro. ^TM 6paTba KpoHa, KuKnonbi, TaKxe KaK u CropyKue, 6binu 3aKnroHeHbi b Hegpax 3eMnu ypaHOM (158: návta; anoKpúntaaKS, Ka! fáo; oúk avíeaKS, «Bcex npaTan m Ha cBeT He gaBan bhmtm»)14. DiaBHOM ^nbro oTgeneHua 3eMnu ot He6a 6bino co3gaHue KocMoroHunecKoro npocTpaHcTBa, b KOTopoe gonxHH 6binu bhmtm Bce geTu 3eMnu, cxaTHe b ee noHe. M ecnu ohm npogonxanu b HeM ocTaBaTbca, to, KaK moxho npeg-nonoxuTb, BOBce He no 3noMy yMbicny KpoHa, a TonbKo noTOMy, hto KpoH He 6bm b cocToaHuu ucnonHMTb cBoeñ KocMoroHMHecKoñ ^yH^uu, u ^0^T0My oh 3aMe^aeTca ^py^uM geMuyproM. BMecTo nonHoro oTKpHTua goKocMoroHMHecKoñ yTpo6bi, npoucxo-guT o6paTHoe ee 3aKpbiTue. 3aKpumue ympoóu moxho npegcTaBMTb KaK ceopnueaHue npocmpaHcmBa, cnegcTBueM KOToporo cTaHOBMTca ge^opMa^Ma KocMMHecKMx ^opM. ^Ta ge^opMupoBaHHaa ^opMa, co6cTBeHHo, u ecTb nydoeuw,e. y6uBaa nygoBu^e, re-poñ pacnpxMnxem npocTpaHcTBo, npenaTcTBya o6paTHOMy ero cBopanuBaHuro b go-KocMoroHMHecKOM yTpo6e. ^Ta TeHgeH^Ma k o6paTHOMy cBopanuBaHuro npocTpaHcTBa unu 3aKpHTuro yT-po6bi (c Mu^onorunecKOM tohkm 3peHua npocrpaHcTBo ecTb pacKpbrnmaaca nepeo-ym-po6a) o6bacHaeT cMeHy He6ecHbix 'npaBMTeneñ'. B geñcTBMTenbHocTM, peHb ugeT He o npaBMTenax, a o geMuyprax, HepegoBaHue KoTopbix o6o3HanaeT hobhm, 6onee bhcokmm ypoBeHb KocMMHecKOM op^aHM3a^MM, ugy^eñ ot nepBOHananbHoro ypaHMHecKoro xao-ca k onuMnuñcKOMy KocMocy. B 3aKnroHMTenbHOM c^He TMTaHOMaxMM '6paTbaMu' TuTaHOB cTaHOBaTca gaxe CTopyKue: B nepBux pxdax coKpymamm^e-HpocmHuü 6oü eo36ydunu Komm, Epuapeü u dymoü HeHacumHuü b cpaMeHuxx Tuec. Tpucma KaMHeü u3 Mo^y^ux ux pyK nonemeno b TumaHoe Eucmpo oduH 3a ^py^uM, u e noneme ceoeM 3ameHunu MpKoe connu,e ohu. M TumaHoe omnpaeunu 6pambn B Hedpa mupoKodopoMHoü 3eMnu u Ha hux HanoMunu TxMKue y3bi, Mo^y^ecmbw pyK no6eduemu HaÓMeHHUx. (713-719) B rpenecKOM TeKcTe roBopuTca TonbKo Ka! tou; ^sv uno xSovo; £ÚpuoSdr|c; / né^av (717-718: u ux nog 3eMnro mupoKoro / oTnpaBunu), t. e. o pogcTBeHHbix otho- 14 3gecb, BnpoHeM, MMeeTca HeacHocTb, poxgaroTca nu ohm m TonbKo noTOM ypaH o6paTHo oTnpaBnaeT mx b Hegpa 3eMnu unu oh He no3BonaeT mm bhmtm m3 ee noHa c caMoro HaHana, m ohm ocTaroTca b HeM b KaHecTBe Heo^opMneHHoñ ^M6puoHanbHoü Macea. meHuax Me^gy YpaHugaMM (b gaHHOM cnynae CTopyKMMM, cbiHOBbaMM Ten m ypaHa) m TuTaHaMu Hurge He roBopuTca, 3a ucKnroHeHueM, pa3Be hto, ogHoro TonbKo cnyHaa, Korga paccKa3HBaeTca o npoucxo^geHuu uMeHu TuTaHOB (207-208). Ho 3gecb peHb ugeT He o pogcTBeHHbix oTHomeHuax, a o npoucxo^geHuu oco6oro Knacca cBepx^ec-TecTBeHHHX cy^ecTB, KOTopbix ypaH Ha3BbiBaeT TuTaHaMu. M xoTa ypaH BbicTynaeT 3gecb b KaHecTBe o^a TuTaHoB, b oTnuHue ot gpyrux coBMecrabix nopo^geHUM reu m ypaHa ^TM nocnegHue HUKorga He Ha3biBaroTca ypaHMgaMM, hto caMo no ce6e gon^Ho HaBoguTb Ha npegnono:«eHMe o KaKoM-To coBepmeHHo oco6om nono^eHMM TuTaHoB no oTHomeHuro KaK k cTapbiM 6oraM, ypaHugaM, TaK u hobhm, KpoHugaM. Me^gy ^TM-mm nocnegHMMM HeT npoTMBopeHMM, KaK o tom cBugeTenbcTByeT ynacrue KuKnonoB u CTopyKUx Ha cTopoHe onuMnuftcKux 6oroB, xoTa ohm npuHagne^aT k go-onuMnuftcKoM (ypaHMHecKoft) cucTeMe Mupa u, Ka3anocb 6bi, gon^HH 6binu 6h cKnoHaTbca b cto-poHy ypaHMHecKux 6oroB-TUTaHoB. Ho TuTaHH no KaKoft-To npuHMHe npoTMBocToaT BceM, ypaHugaM u KpoHugaM, npuHy:«gaa ux k o6rbegMHeHuro. M b caMoM gene, Cropy-Kue, noMo^b KoTopbix 6bina pemaro^eft gna ucxoga TUTaHoMaxauu, BOBpa^aroTca nog 3eMnro, rge oxpaHaroT 6poH3OBbie BpaTa (732-733: 9upa; ^a^Kdac;). KaKyro npu6binb, b TaKoM cnyHae, ohm MMenu ot cBoero yHacTua b 6opb6e TuTaHaMu? EguHcTBeHHHM no-ruHecKMM o6,bacHeHMeM (c KocMonorMHecKoft tohkm 3peHua) 3gecb Mo^eT 6biTb cnegy-ro^ee: b onuMnuftcKoft cucTeMe ohm UMeroT KaKoe-To MecTo (ohm - cmpaMu deepeu), a b TMTaHMHecKOM - ohm He UMenu HUKaKo^o MecTa, o HeM ohm caMU roBopaT 3eBcy, nocne Toro, KaK oh BbiBoguT ux U3 nog 3eMnu: 3noe npoKnxmue pa3ee He mu omepamun om 6eccMepmHux? M He meouM nu coeemoM u3 mbuu npeucnodrnu o6pamHo Bo3epaw,eHu mu cmda u3 okob 6ecnow,admtx u mxMKux, Burncwu cmonbKo eenuKux MyneHuu, enaduKa, cuh KpoHa! (657-660) OTcyTcTBue reu b KaHecTBe poguTenbHM^i TuTaHoB u npucyTcTBue MecTOMMe-Hua auto; (208: oh caM) genaeT bo3mo^hhm npegnono:«eHMe, hto TuTaHH 6binu no-po^geHH ypaHoM 6e3 yHacTua ^eHcKoro Havana, t. e. 3eMnu. B ^TOM HeT HMHero ygu-BUTenbHoro: Hepa3geneHHocTb My:«cKMx u ^hckmx ^yH^MM xapaKTepu3yeT 6oroB Ha HananbHHx cTaguax KocMoroHMHecKoro npo^cca15. rea po^gaeT hmm^ m noHTa hu k KoMy He ecxoduemu Ha noMe (131). 3gecb mo^ho BcnoMHUTb MHguMcKue npuMepbi o hmcto My^cKoM unu ^annuHecKOM npoMcxo^geHMM ^m3hm: U3 ceMeHU, KoTopoe Ca-Mocy^UM ucnycKaeT b coTBopeHHbie mm Bogbi, po^gaeTca aft^ (3aKOHbi MaHy I, 5-9), cogep^a^ee b ce6e ^neMeHTH 6ygy^ero Mupo3gaHua. npegcTaBnaeT 3gecb 3a- Kpumoe nepBonpocTpaHcTBo, U3 KoToporo b ganbHeftmeM geMuypruHecKoM npo^cce co3gaeTca omKpumoe KocMUHecKoe npocTpaHcTBo, a U3 ^neMeHTOB co6cTBeHHoro Tena poguBmuMca b aft^ geMuypr BpaxMa coTBopaeT Bce cy^ecrea (I, 16). 3aTeM oh genuT cBoe Teno Ha gBe nonoBMHbi, KoTopbie cTaHoBaTca My^HUHoft u ^eH^UHoft, nopo^-garo^ux hobhx cy^ecTB (I, 32). 3aMeHaTenbHo b ^TOM KocMoroHMM, hto Mup-aft^ (t. e. 6biTue b cBoeM nepBo-eguHcTBe, ho y^e MMero^ee ^OTeH^Mro MHo^ecTB eHHo ctm) 15 Cp. eruneTcKoro ATyMa, KOTopbie npornaTHBaeT co6cTBeHHoe ce6a, onnogoTBopaa caM ce6a, m 3aTeM, bh-nnroHyB cBoe ceMa, po^gaeT nepBbix 6oroB (Py6uHmTeMH 1987, 422). 3apo^gaeTCH KaK pe3yjbTaT , noHBMjcH, pacceuBaH TbMy» (3aKOHH MaHy I, 6: nepeBog C. fl. ^ jbMaHOBMHa). TaKMM o6pa3OM, nepBHM KocMoro-HMHecKUM aKToM CaMocy^ero craHOBMTcH coTBopeHue Bog (I, 8). B op^unecKoö ko-MoroHuu geMuypr HBjHeTcH KaK pe3yjbTaT ynjOTHeHMH nepBo6HTHHx Bog, t. e. Koc-motohmh npegcTaBJHeTcH KaK cnoHTaHHHÖ npo^cc, kotophö TojbKo c noHBjeHueM geMuypra cTaHOBMTcH co3HaTejbHHM u ^jeHanpaBjeHHHM (Colli 1990, 280-281). B 3aKOHax MaHy CaMocy^uö, coTBopHH BogH, cTporo roBopH, He TBopuT, a co3gaeT yc-jobmh, KoTopHe no3BOjHK>T cHanana HBMTbcH HM^y, a noToM - geMuypry, t. e. u 3gecb geMuypr ecTb cnedcmBue, xoth gjH gajbHeömero npo^cca, b kotopom Bbimegmue Ha-py^y ^OTeH^MM KOHKpeTM3upyK>TcH KaK oö^eKTbi u cy^ecTBa oh - npunuHa. Ho u b KHure Bhtmh HeT HMKaKoro TBopeHMH ex nihilo, a nocjegoBaTejbHaH TpaHc^opMa^MH BogHoro xaoca (tohu va-vohu), npegnojararo^aH HeKyro nocjegoBaTejbHocTb, t. e. gBM-^eHue ot ogHoro k gpyroMy. Be^u He MoryT noHBMTbcH Bce BMecTe b oguH u tot ^e MOMeHT u b roTOBOM Buge, u ^0^T0My KocMoroHMHecKuö npo^cc, b corjacuu c ap-xeTunoM, oÖH3aTejbHbiM gjH Bcex Mu^onorunecKux kocMoroHuö, gejMTcH Ha mecTb gHeö mjm cjegyro^ux gpyr 3a gpyroM MOMeHTOB. ^TM mecTb gHeö othochtch ko BTopoö 'co3HaTejbHoö' nacTu npo^cca, HanpaBjHeMoö geMuyproM. Ho gocTaTOHHo npocMaT-puBaeTcH u nepBaH HacTb, cnoHTaHHaH, Korga flyx Bo^uö npocTo jeTaeT Hag jm^m 6e3gHH. ^T0 gBu^eHue b 6e3gHe (Begb HeT e^e hm Bepxa hm HU3a, hm Had hm nod), KaK b uHguftcKOM KocMoroHuu, MMeeT cboö ^jbro co6upaHue ^Hep^MM, KoTopHe co3garoT ycnoBUH gjH geMuypruHecKoro npo^cca stricto sensu. B recuogoBcKoö KocMoroHuu TaK^e npucyTcTByeT fiannoc, u oh TaK^e MMeeT cBH3b c Bogoö, ho ^T0 6ecnnoÖHax MopcKaH Boga (132: ätpÜYEtov nsXaYoc;, '6ecnjogHoe Mope'), KOTopyro ^ajjoc onjogoTBopHeT, gejaeT muboü Bodoü: HneH Me omu,a demopodHuü, omceneHHuü ocmpuM Mene3oM, no uopm öomoe Bpeux Hocuncx, u 6enax neHa B3Öunacb BOKpy^ om HemneHHo^o nneHa. M deBymKa b neHe B moü 3apodunacb. CHanana nodnnuna k Kuifiepau CBHW,eHHUM, nocne Me ^mo^o k Kunpy npucmana, oMumoMy MopeM. Ha 6epe^ Bumna 6o^uHX npeKpamax. Cmynum Ho^om -TpaBU (noir|) nod cmpoÜHoü Ho^oü Bupacmamm. (189-195) BepecaeB b cBoeM nepeBoge nponycKaeT ctmx 200: l^Ss fiÄo^^n^^a, öti £^£fadv0r| ('jro6H^aH nojOBHe opraHH, noTOMy hto M3 HjeHa noHBMjacb'), ho KaK pa3 16 Ha rpeHecKOM MaTepuaje o ^ajjMHecKOM npoMcxo^geHMe ®M3HM cm. Kerenyi 1984, 57-141. ^Ta ^pa3a oHeHb noruHHo (c apxeTunuHecKoß tohku 3peHua) 3aKnroHaT Becb paccKa3 o npoucxoKgeHuu A^pogura u3 ^annoca, ho, no Bceß BuguMocTu, He cooTBeTCTByeT npegcTaBneHuaM nepeBogHuKa, u ^0^T0My oh ee BbmycKaeT, a b gpyroM MecTe (207) go6aBnaeT rero b KaHecTBe poguTenbHu^i TuTaHoB. M geno 3gecb He b «mOTuHecKux Tpe6oBaHuax»: tot Ke caMbiß BepecaeB coeguHaeT b cboux nepeBogax noHTu Bcerga ToHHocTb c ^o^TMHHoCTbK>. AHrnußcKuß nepeBogHuK (Hesiod 1982) tohho uHTepnpe-TupyeT cnoBo fiAo^r^sa KaK member-loving, ho npegnonaraeT, hto "the title is perhaps only a perversion of the regular ç>iÀo^aôr|c; (laugher-loving)". ^To hucto ^unoruHecKaa uHTep^peTa^uH coBepmeHHo He npuHuMaeT b pacneT KocMoroHuHecKoro KoHTeKcTa, b KoTopoM npoucxoguT poKgeHue A^pogura. B ^T0M KoHTeKcTe (goBonbHo yKacHoM, KcTaTu) HeT pemuTenbHo HuKaKux npunuH gna laugher, u ^0^T0My 6oruHH M0KeT 6biTb TonbKo fiAo^r^sa, t. e. nm6xw,ax poMÖeuue, KoTopoe ocy^ecTBnaeTca npu nocpegc-TBe ^n^Éa (nonoBoro opraHa). CaMa Ke no ce6e Boga-Mope ecTb atpuystov (6ecnnogHoe), He cnoco6Haa npo-u3BecTu gaKe neHbi. OHa oKuBaeT, Korga b Hee nonagaeT ^annoc u onnogoTBopaeT ee. Benaa neHa (àsukô; à^po;), u3 KoTopoM poKgaeTca A^poguTa, ecTb cnepMa, u3-nuBmaaca u3 oTceHeHHoro HneHa, a Mope cTaHoBuTca nouoM, cpegoß, b KoTopoM npoucxoguT ^T0 poKgeHue17. PoKgeHue A^pogura HenocpegcTBeHHo u3 u3nuBmeßca u3 ^annoca ypaHa cnepMbi KaK KoH^HTpupoBaHHoß reHepaTuBHoß ^Hep^uu onpegenaeT oco6o oTMenaeMoe ^0^T0M KanecTBo 6oruHu: Tpaeu (noir|) nod cmpoüuoü H0^0ü eu-pacmamm (195), t. e. ogHuM cboum KacaHueM 0Ha genaeT 3eMnro kubom, cnoco6Hoü poMÖamb. 3gecb mokho 6bino 6h roBopuTb o eKTH u cy^ecTBa, 0Ha HyKgaeTcH b 0TKpbiT0M K0cM0^0HUHecK0M npocmpaHcmee, KoTopoe ot-cyTcTByeT, u ^0^T0My: ffemu, poMÖeHHue reeü-3eMnem u He6oM-ypaHoM, Ebinu yMacHu u cmanu omuy ceoeMy HeHaeucmHu C nep60^0 63^nx^a. Edea numb Ha ceem Kmo u3 hux noxenxncx, KaM^o^o e Hedpax 3eMnu He3aMednumenbH0 npxman podumenb, He ebinycKax Ha ceem (è; fdo;) u 3noöeücmeoM cboum Hacnawöancx. (154-158) 17 repoß flpoHa poKgaeTca HenocpegcTBeHHo M3 ceMeHM, nonoKeHHoro b gepeBHHHbiß cocyg (MBx I, 121). Ancapa 3gecb ^yH^uoHupyeT ucKnroHuTenbHo KaK cpegcTBo gna BbrabiBaHua ucTeHeHua cnepMbi, KoTopaa, Bbifiga HapyKy, caMa u3 ce6a poKgaeT KuBoe cy^ecTBo. AHanoruHHWM 06pa30M npoucxoguT poKgeHue 6nM3He^0B Kpunbi u Kpunu. npu Buge ancapbi y acKeTa TayTaMbi ucTeKaeT ceMH, KoTopoe nagaeT cpegu TpocTHuKoB. 3aTeM oho pa3genHeTcH u u3 Hero poKgaroTca 6;m3He^i (MBx I, 120), t. e. 3gecb poKgeHue npoucxoguT cpa3y, b otkphtom npocTpaHcTBe, 6e3 npegBapuTenbHoro npe6biBaHuH b 3aKpbiT0M cocyge, KaK b cnyHae flpoHbi. fleTM He po«garoTcH, noTOMy hto oTcyTCTByeT npocmpaHcmeo, b KOTopoM ohm po«ganucb 6bi, m mOT0My coBepmaeTcH cnegyro^un KocMoroHUHecKun aKT, cocto-fl^HH b oTgeneHUu 3eMnu ot He6a. OcymecrenHeTcH oh npu nocpegcTBe oTgeneHUH ^annoca ot ero HocuTenH, t. e. ypaHa. CTporo roBopH, ^T0T ^annoc ecTb o6mun gnH 3eMnu m He6a ^neMeHT, u ^0^T0My b gencTBUTenbHocru npoucxoguT He oTceHeHue, a eudeneHue ^annoca U3 nepB0HaHanbHoro 6e3pa3nuHUH, nocne Hero o6pa3yeTcH kocmo-roHUHecKoe npocTpaHcTBo, KoTopoe pacmupHeTcH no Mepe cBoero 3anonHeHUH kocmu-HecKUMU o6^eKTaMM. C MoMeHTa, Korga ^annoc BbigeneH u cBo6ogHo gBU«eTcH b npo-cTpaHcTBe, npegcraBnHeMoro MopeM, HaHUHaeTcH reHepaTUBHbin npo^cc stricto sensu Ha Bcex ypoBHHX - BepxHeM u HU«HeM, 6o«ecTBeH0M u «ubothom. 06 ^T0H HananbH0M He3aBucuMocTu ^annoca, BbigeneHHoM u3 HaHanbHoro 6e3-pa3nuHUH mm HaxoguM roMopucTUHecKoe cBugeTenbcTBo (hto HucKonbKo He yMeHbma-eT ero ^hhoctu, a ga«e e^e 6onbme noBbimaeT) b npegaHuHx UHgeñ^B Winnebago (Radin 1965, 53-54) o geMuypre-TpuKcTepe, K0T0pbin hocut cboh ^annoc b 0TgenbH0M H^UKe u BpeMH ot BpeMeHu BMnycKaeT ero Ha Bonro, rge oh caM u36upaeT gnH ce6H o6^-eKTM, KoTopbie onnogoTBopHeT. ^Ta BTopuHHocTb Tena no oTHomeHuro k nepBo-^anno-cy coxpaHHeTcH b apxauHecKon KynbT0B0n npaKTuKe. B nepByro oHepegb ^T0 othocut-ch k nume (linga) KaK ^annuHecKoMy cuMBony ffiuBbi. B UHTep^peTa^UHx numu KaK TpoHcTBeHHoH ^opMbi a6conroTHoro HaHana (BpaxMa, BumHy, ffiuBa) npocMaTpuBa-eTcH nepB0HananbH0e npegcTaBneHue o nepBo-^annoce, K0T0pbin reHepupyeT u3 ce6H co6cTBeHHoe Teno, a BMecTe c hum Bce cymecraa u KocMUHecKue o6,beKTbi. B rpeHecKon c^epe - ^T0 ^epMa, (herma), KoTopaH Korga-To 6bina, Hago gyMaTb, TonbKo ^annocoM 6e3 bchkux gpyrux yKpameHun. nnaBaro^uñ no Mopro ^annoc ypaHa (190) conocraBuM c nnaBaro^UM no nepBo-6mthmm BogaM xonMoM b BeguncKon KocMoroHuu (Kënnep 1986, 30). ÀHanoruHHbiM 06pa30M oTceHeHue geTopogHoro HneHa ypaHa, b pe3ynbTaTe K0Toporo o6pa3yeTcH npocTpaHcTBo u ocBo6o«garoTcH cKoBaHHbie b HeM reHepaTUBHbie ^Hep^uu, conocTaBuMo c pacKanMBaHueM nepBo-xonMa b BeguncKon Mu^onoruu, b pe3ynbTaTe Hero u3 Hero «Bbi-pMBaeTcH «U3Hb b gByx ^opMax - Bogbi u orHH» (Kënnep 1986, 30), gaBaH TaKuM 06pa30M HaHano K0cM0r0HuHecK0My npo^ccy. noKa3aTenbHo, hto nocne cBoero BcKpbiTUH u ocbo-6o«geHUH cKoBaHHbix b HeM ^Hep^uñ «xonM Tenepb y«e He nnaBaeT. Oh o6peTaeT onopy (KaK roBopHT TeKcTb) u HaHuHaeT pacTu bo Bce cTopoHbi, noKa He gocTuraeT pa3MepoB 3eMnu. B to «e BpeMH oh ocTaeTcH ^HTpoM KocMoca u rB03geM, K0T0pbin npuKpennHeT 3eMnro k cBoeMy Mecry» (Kënnep 1986, 30)18. ^T0T xonM npupaBHuBaeTcH k 3Mero BpuTpe, KoTopbin cK0BMBaeT BogM-npocTpaHcTBo, u ^0^T0My y6uncTB0-BcKpbiTue xonMa BpuTpbi ogHoBpeMeHHo ocBo6o«gaeT Bogbi u oTKpbiBaeT npocTpaHcTBo: Oh y6un 3MeH, oh npocBepgun (pycna) Bog, Oh pacceK Hegpa rop. (PurBega I, 32, 11)19 18 3tot ocTpoB conocTaBMM c nnaByHUM ocTpoBoM, Ha KoTopoM poguncH AnonnoH, nocne Hero oh ^MKcMpyeTcH u cTaHoBMTcH cbh^hhom 3eMnen. noKa3aTeneH BapuaHT Mu^a, b KoTopoM 3Men üm^oh npecnegyeT gaT0Hy (Hyg. Fab. 53, 140). Ha HeTBepTbin geHb cBoero po«eHUH c noMo^bro cTpen, nogapeHHbix BynKaHoM, AnonnoH y6uBaeT nu^oHa (Hyg. Fab. 140). CTpenbi BynKaHa conocTaBUMbi c rp0M0B0n cTpenofl (Bag«pon) MHgpbi, KoTopyro gnH Hero M3roTaBnMBaeT 6or-peMecneHHUK TBamTap (TonopoB 1990, 520). 19 ruMHbi Pureegbi npuBogHTcH b nepeBoge T. H. Enu3apeHK0B0n no PurBega 1989. Korga th pacTAHyn TBepgyro 0CH0By - He3bi6neMoe np0CTpaHCTB0, Tbl ycTaHoBun (ee) Ha cTon6ax - phbkom. Korga b 6opb6e 3a conH^ b onbaHeHuu, b pagocTHOM B036yxgeHH th, o MHgpa, y6un BpuTpy, th BbmycTun noToK Bog. (PurBega I, 56, 5) B xyppuTcKoM MH^e KyMap6u, 6opacb c BoroM He6a AHy, oTKycHBaeT y Hero geTopogHHM HneH, a noToM BbmneBHBaeT ero, u oh craH0BHTca ^opoü, ho npu ^T0M 3a-6epeMeHeBaeT TpeMa yxacHHMuu 6oraMH (^yHa, ynaBmaa c He6a 1977, 115-116). 3gecb ycTaHaBnuBaeTca npaMaa cBA3b Mexge ^annocoM u ropoö. TaKxe b HHguMCKoM MH^e: ffluBa H3nuBaeT cBoe ceMa Ha 3eMnro, u oho npeBpa^aeTca b ropy (PaMaaHa I, 36). One-BugHa ^annunecKaa cuMBonuKa 3Mea BpuTpH: Ee3Ho^uü, 6e3pyKuü ôoponcx oh npomue Mndpu (PurBega I, 32, 7). Bopacb c BpuTpoö, MHgpa, no cyTH gena, 6opeTca c nepBo-^anocoM, KoTopHM 3aKHK>HaeT b ce6e ^Hepmro ^opMbi (3anpydue eodu, (mom) neMan na dne npocmpancmea. PurBega I, 52, 6), a He c am^m no o6pa3^y cnepMaTo3ouga, KaK npegnonaraeT Keönep20. B Hau6onee abhom Buge cBA3b ^annoca c ropoö gaHa b MH^e o ffluBe Boccega-ro^eM Ha BepmuHe ropH Mepy. Co6cTBeHHo, oh ecTb ropa-^annoc, o HeM cBugeTenb-cTByeT ero a6conroTHaa HenogBuxHocTb, b K0Topoö, ogHaKo, npoucxoguT co6upaHue KonoccanbHbix ^Hep^HM. Bot KaK npegcTaBnaeTca ffluBa, cuga^uö Ha rope: "There Mandana saw the lord, ten millions suns, with a thousand eyes and a thousand bodies, the tall god with a blur neck, shining like ambrosia" (Hindu Myths 1975, 157). Ot ^T0^0 caMo-norpyxeHua ero oTBneKaeT 6or nro6BH u xenaHua KaMa, ^p0B0^Hpya ucreneHue orHa H3 raa3a ffluBH, KoTopHM ero cxuraeT. C tohkh 3peHua npeHaTanbHoö Teopuu moxho 6bino cKa3aTb, hto KaMa BbmonHaeT ^yH^uro cnepMaTo3ouga, KoTopHM BHBoguT aö^ H3 coctoahua 6e3pa3nuHua, ogHaKo b gaHHoM cnynae HeT pemuTenbHo HHKaKoö bo3moxhocth oToxgecTBHTb ropy-ffluBy c am^m, xota oh npe6HBaeT b a6conroTHoö HenogBuxHocTH. KaMa ^yH^uoHupyeT 3gecb KaK ancapa, KoTopaa oTBneKaeT oTmenb-HHKa ot ero acKeTHHecKoro caMonorpyxeHua, BH3HBaa Henpou3BonbHoe ucTeneHue ceMeHH. KaMa ^p0B0^HpyeT ucreneHue H3 rna3a ffluBH oraa. ^T0T Bbimegmuö u3 rna3a oroHb conocTaBHM c ceMeHeM KaK KoH^HTpupobaHH0M ^Hep^HeM, a rna3 (unu rna3a), H3 KoTopbix oh ucTeKaeT, - c testiculi21. ^T0 ToxgecTBo oraa c ceMeHeM cocraBnaeT ^h-TpanbHyro TeMy paccKa3a o tom, KaK ArHH npuHHMaa ceMa ffluBH, He BbigepxuBaeT ero xapa (Doniger 1997, 344). ^TH npuMepH yKa3HBaroT Ha aKTHBHocTb xeHcKoro Hanana u naccuBHocTb MyxcKoro, KaK 6h HMM06unu30BaHH0r0 cBoeö co6cTBeHHoö numoü, cK0H^HTpup0BaBmeö b ce6e ^Hep^HH, gocraToHHbie He TonbKo gna nopoxgeHua, ho h gna pa3pymeHua22. TaKxe u y Tecuoga aKTHBHa rnaBHHM 06pa30M rea. AKTHBHocTb He6a ecTb bto-puHHaa no oTHomeHuro k aKTHBHocTu 3eMnu, TaKxe KaK u ee MyxcKux n0T0MK0B. Myx- 20 Cm. ero cTaTbro Kocmosohux u 3anamue: k nocmaHOBKe Bonpoca (Ketaep 1986, 112-156). 21 «Dia3a m testiculi npegcTaB.aroT co6om gBe peanM3a^MM egMHoro ^¡ioro - M03ra. ... Testiculi, 'Myga' Toro xe KopHa, hto m MygpocTb, cp. .aT. testicoli > testa. Bo MHorax TpagM^MSx cnepMa - Ta xe cy6cTaH^MS, hto m cepoe Be^ecTBo Mo3ra. Mo3r u cnepMa cB33aHM Hepe3 no3BoHoHHMK». 22 fflMBa roBopMT: "What shall I do? Since creation has been performed by Brahma, I will therefore destroy, cutting of my own seed". (Hindu Myths 1975, 139). cKoe HaHano npuxoguT b gencTBue Bcerga no no6y«geHMK> ^eHCKoro. ^To He npoTM-BopeHMT npegcTaBneHuro o ^annuHecKoM npoucxo:«geHMM ÄM3HM. ^annoc mam ^opMa ^annoca (K0T0pbiM Mo^eT npuHMMaTb ^opMy 3Mea unu ropbi) KoH^HTpupyeT reHepa-TMBHHe ^Hep^MM. ^TM ^Hep^MM genaroT ero mHMenuu. no ^T0M npuHMHe ypaH He Mo^eT oTgenuTbca ot reu, 6ecnpepbiBH0 HanonHaa ee yrpo6y 3apogbimaMM, KoTopbie He MoryT poguTbca. A noceMy ^TOT ^annoc oTgenaeTca KaK ot 3eMnu, TaK u He6a u craH0BMT-ca He3aBucuMHM ^HTpoM, nnaBaa, KaK ocTpoB no Mopro, KoTopoe b gaHHoM KocMoro-HUHecKoM KoHTeKcTe MMeeT 3HaneHue nepBo6biTHbix Bog, a ^annoc-ocTpoB - nepBoM 3eMnu. Ho hto KoHKpeTHo cTaH0BMTca c nnaBaro^MM ^annocoM ypaHa? npe^ge HeM oTBeTMTb Ha ^TOT Bonpoc (npegnono^MTenbHo, pa3yMeeTca), BepHeMca k gpyroMy MM^y o ffluBe, b KoTopoM ero ^annoc-nuHra npaMbiM o6pa3oM yHacTByeT b KoMoroHuu. HananbHoe goKocMoroHMHecKoe cocToaHue onucbiBaeTca cnegyro^MM o6pa3oM: "There was no earth, nor any regions of the sky, no space, no heaven; everything was like a giant cask filled to the brim. Then the three eternal gods arose from the midst o the water - Brahma, Vishnu, and Rudra; whose arrivals are unwitnessed" (Hindu Myths 1975, 138-139). PeHb ugeT o ^MKnMHe ckom komotohmm, ho HaHMHaeTca oHa Bcerga c tom ^e caMoö tohkm - nepBo6biTHbix Bog. M3 ^TMx Bog BbixogaT Tpu ochobhhx 6o^ecTBa. Co6cTBeHHo, ohm npogon^aroT npe6biBaTb b ^TMx Bogax, nocKonbKy HeT e^e hm HM3a hm Bepxa, t. e. KocMMHecKoro npocTpaHcTBa, KoTopoe TonbKo gon^Ho 6biTb co3gaHo. BpaxMa m BumHy npocaT Pygpy-ffluBy ocy^ecTBMTb TBopeHue. Pygpa cornamaeTca m norpy^aeTca cHoBa b Bogbi, rge ocTaeTca TbicaHy He6ecHbix neT, t. e. noHTM hto BeH-HocTb, nocKonbKy BpeMeHM, KaK m npocTpaHcTBa, e^e He cy^ecreyeT. KocMoroHUHecKoe HbipflHue BecbMa pacnocTpaHeHHHM motmb (cm. Eliade 1975, 72-117), hto TonbKo yBenuHMBaeT ero napagoKcanbHocTb, Begb HbipaTb HeKyga, u ^0^T0My b gencTBMTenb-hoctm ffluBa HMKyga He HbipaeT, a ocTaeTca HenogBM^HHM, KaK u cuga Ha BepmuHe ropbi Mepy. Oh co6upaeT ^Hep^MM, KoTopbie no3BonaroT BpaxMe ocy^ecTBMTb TBope-Hue. M xoTa ffluBa raeBaeTca Ha BpaxMy, rpo3a yHMHTo^UTb ero TBopeHue, Bce ^e bxo-guT c hum b cornameHue, hto, KaK Ka^eTca, yKa3biBaeT Ha ^yH^uro BpaxMbi KaK cBoero poga fiunbmpa, K0T0pbiM npeo6pa3yeT «HeoHM^eHHbie» BogHbie ^Hep^MM, co6paHHbie LQmbom, b KoHcTpyKTMBHHe ^Hep^MM 6biTua, t. e. oh 3aBepmaeT geMuypruHecKMM aKT, nogroToBneHHHM gpyruMM 6oraMM. noKa3aTenbHa 3gecb ^y^ua numu. Pygpa cnpamuBaeT BpaxMy: "That energy which I gathered in excess in other to destroy your creation - tell me, what I do with it for you?" (Hindu Myths 1975, 140). ^Ta ^Hep^Ma 6bina co6paHa He gna pa3pymeHua TBopeHua BpaxMbi, a gna Toro, HTo6bi oho Morno ocy^ecTBMTbca. PeHb ugeT o6 M3-6htohhom ^Hep^MM, KoTopaa ocTanacb Heucnonb30BaHH0M nocne ocy^ecTBneHua tbo-peHua. BpaxMa npocuT ffluBy: "Cause your own energy to enter the sun" (Ibid.), hto mo^ho MHTepnpeTupoBaTb KaK geMuypruHecKMM aKT co3gaHua conH^. 3aMeHaTenbHo, KaKMM o6pa3oM npoucxoguT nepexog ^T0M m36htohhom ^Hep^MM b conH^: "He agreed to this ... and he said to Brahma 'There is no good use for this linga except for creation of progeny.' And as he said this he broke it off and threw it upon the surface of the earth. The linga broke through the earth and went to the very sky" (Hindu Myths 1975, 140). Huma, TaKMM o6pa3oM, KoH^HTpupyeT ^Hep^MM, co6paHHbie b nepBo6biTHbix Bogax, b KoTopbix ohm npe6biBanu b pacceaHHoM Buge. M Korga ^TM ^Hep^MM ocBo6o^garoT-ca, nepexoga b conH^, numa cTaHoBMTca axis mundi, coeguHaro^en Tpu Mupa (numa, npocBepnuBaa 3eMnro, ogHMM koh^m yxoguT b He6o, a gpyruM b nog3eMHbiö Mup). B ^T0M CBoeM KaHecTBe OHa ecTb TaKKe Mupoean ^opa, KoTopaH cbommm KopHHMu, KaK m MupoBoe gepeBo, yxoguT b hmkhmm Mup, a BepxymKoñ b He6o, t. e. npoxoguT Hepe3 Bce Tpu MUpoBHX ypoBHH23. TaKMM 06pa30M, ropa, gepeBo u 3Meñ oKa3HBaroTcH u3oMop^HHMu no cbom $yH-^uu ^annocy-nuHre. PacKanHBaH ropy, repoñ-geMupr ocBo6oKgaeT reHepaTMBHbie ^Hep^uu, KOTopbe no3BonHroT bhmtm HapyKy o6,beKTaM, cKpbiTHM b 6ecnpocTpaHc-TBeHHbix nepBo6biTHbix Bogax. Ho u caMa numa ecTb uHcTpyMeHT, KoTopbiñ no3BonHeT bhmtm ToMy, hto cKpHTo u CKoBaHo. B ^TOM oTHomeHuu oco6o 3HaHUTenbHHM HBnH-eTCH mm^ o naxTaHuu nepBo6biTHoro oKeaHa 6oraMu u acypaMu. Cpa3y o6o3HaHaeTcH CBH3b ropbi co 3MeeM. Boru u acypbi 3oByT Ha noMo^b 3MeH ffiemu, KoTopbiñ BHpHBaeT ropy MaHgapa, u ohm ycraHaBnuBaroT ee Ha cnuHe Hepenaxu b KaHecTBe MyToBKu, a caMoro ffiemu ucnonb3yroT KaK BepeBKy. ^Ta gBoñHaH cBH3b c ropoñ, a b e^e 6onbmeñ Mepe to o6croHTenbcTBo, hto TonbKo 3Meñ b coctohhmu BbipBaTb ropy c ee MecTa, no3-BonHeeT pacMaTpuBaTb ropy MaHgapa KaK ^opMy 3MeH, t. e. 3Meñ caM ce6x BHpHBaeT m nepeMe^aeTCH Ha cnuHy Hepenaxu, cTaHoBHcb ropoñ-MyToBcKoñ. Ot Bpa^eHUH ropH Boga oKeaHa npeBpa^aeTcH b MonoKo, a 3aTeM, cMemaBmucb c coKaMu, ucTeKmux c ropH, b c6uToe Macno (MBx I, 16). ^T0 c6uToe Macno oHeHb Ha-noMUHaeT neHy, KoTopaH o6pa3yeTcH BoKpyr nnaBaro^ero no Mopro ^annoca ypaHa. Ha ^TOM cxogcTBo He oKaHHUBaeTcH: u3 B36uToro ropoñ-^annocoM oKeaHa BbixogHT pa3nuHHHe 6oKecTBeHHbie cy^ecTBa: cHaHana noHBnHeTcH CoMa-nyHa, a Bcneg 3a hmm - ffipu, 6oruHH KpacoTH, 6oraTcTBa u ygaHu (Stutley 1980, 414-415). Bce ^Tu ee KaHecT-Ba, a TaKKe poKgeHue u3 b36mtom ropoñ oKeaHcKoñ BogH coothocht ee c A^poguToñ, poguBmeñcH u3 6enoñ neHH, b36mtom nnaBaro^uM no Mopro ^annocoM. Ot cnumKoM 6bicrporo Bpa^eHUH ropH-MyToBKu HapyKy BHxoguT TaKKe crpam-hhm Hg KanaKyTa, kotophm BHnuBaeT ffiuBa, ot Hero ero ropno craHoBUTCH rony6biM. ^TOT Hg, M3nuBmuMcH u3 oKeaHa, gyMaeTcH MoKeT cnyKUTb gononHUTenbHHM yKa3aHu-eM Ha cBH3b ropH co 3MeeM. Bonee Toro, bo3mokho npegnonoKuTb, hto Hg u3nuncH He u3 oKeaHa, a u3 ropH-3MeH. BHaHane Bpa^aro^aH ropa BHgenHeT cokm, KoTopHe, cMemu-BaHcb c Bogoñ, o6pa3yroT c6uToe Macno. Cnegyro^aH Tpac^opMa^uH ^T0^0 Macna ugeT b gByx HanpaBneHUHx (hto oHeHb xapaKTepHo gnH Mu^onoruHecKoro gyanu3Ma) - b cto-poHy KanaKyTH (Hga-cMepTu) u b cTopoHy AMpuTH (HanuTKa 6eccMepTUH), ho b ogu-HaKoBoñ Mepe gBe ^Tu npoTUBonoKHHe no cBoeMy geñcTBuro cy6cTaH^uu cogepKUT 3Meñ-ropa, Begb uMeHHo ot nuTbH cokob, KoTopHe noTeKnu c Bpa^aro^eñ ropH, t. e. BHBegeHHoñ u3 coctohhuh nepBo6biTHoñ HenogBUKHocru, 6oru o6penu 6eccMepTue. HaK0He^ u3 oKeaHa BHxoguT 6or flxaHBaHTapu c cocygoM, HanonHeHHoñ aMpu-tom. Ho b ^T0T caMHM MoMeHT Bo3HUKaeT caMoe rnaBHoe u onacHoe pa3geneHue - MeK-gy 6oraMu u acypaMu, KoTopHe go Toro coTpygHUHanu, Bpa^aH BMecTe ropy-MyToBKy, t. e. 6binu eguHoñ rpynnoñ 6oKecTBeHHbix cy^ecTB. AMpuTa npoTUBonocTaBnHeT og-hux gpyruM. AcypH 3aBnageBaroT aMpuToñ, ho Ka^gbiñ xoHeT ee TonnbKo gnH caMoro ce6H. Boru o6MaHoM Bo3Bpa^aroT aMpuTy. HaHUHaeTcH BenuKaH 6uTBa MeKgy 6oraMM u acypaMu, KoTopaH 3acTaBnHeT BcnoMHUTb He MeHee rpaHguo3Hyro 6uTBy MeKgy 6o-raMu u TuTaHaMu b Teo^oHuu recuoga. OgHux TonbKo BneHaTneHuñ, pa3yMeeTcH, Hego-cTaToHHo. Ho ecTb, no KpañHeñ Mepe, oguH nyHKT, KoTopbiñ no3BonHeT Bo3BecTu ^TM gBe 6mtbh k eguHoñ apxeTunuHecKoñ Mogenu. 23 O MupoBoñ rope m MupoBoM gepeBe cm. TonopoB 1987, 311-315, 398-406. Bor HapaHHa npuHMMaeT Bug »eH^MHH, KOTopaH nogxoguT k acypaM, u, OHa-poBaHHHe ee Kpac0T0M, ohm OTgaroT eö aMpuTy, nocne Hero HaHMHaeTcH 6uTBa Me»gy 6oraMM u acypaMM. AHanoruHHaH cMTya^MH npegBapHeT 6uTBy 6oroB c TuTaHaMM b Te-o^oHuu. nocne noxu^eHMH orHH npoMeTeeM (565-567) re^ecT co3gaeT no Bone 3eBca napGévw ai5oír| ÍKeXov (572: «geBe cTbignuBOö [o6pa3] nogo6Hbiö»), K0T0pyro oh npu-BoguT svGa nep äAAoi saav 0eoi ^5' ävGpomoi (586: rge 6binu gpyrue 6oru u nrogu). ffpy^ue 6o^u (aXXoi 0eoi) - ^T0, no Bceö BuguMocTM, TuTaHH. flBa»gbi noBTopHro^a-hch ^opMyna TiT^vé; Te 0eoi Kai öaoi Kpóvou ¿^eyévovTo (632, 668: TuTaHH-6oru u Te, KOTopHe 6binu po»geHH ot KpoHa) no3BonHeT paccMaTpuBaTb TuTaHOB KaK ^py^ux 6o^oe, t. e. ohm - gpyrue no OTHomeHuro k 6oraM, po»geHHHX ot Peu u KpoHa. Bon-poc cocTaBHHroT nmdu (ävGpomoi), K0T0pbie Haxogunucb BMecTe c ^py^uMu 6o^aMu, ho c yBepeHHocTbro mo»ho cKa3aTb (BcnoMMHaH recuogoBcKoe cKa3aHue o nHTM HenoBe-HecKMX pogax, HMKaK gpyr Ha gpyra He noxo»ux), hto ^T0 TaK»e 6binu ^py^ue nmdu. ^TM gpyrue 6oru u nrogu, BugH geBy, npuBegeHHyro re^ecTOM, ucnbiTbiBaroT yduene-Hue, TOHHO TaK»e KaK acypbi npu Buge »eH^MHH, c03gaHH0M npu noMO^u Maüu 6oroM HapaHHOö: Gau^a 5' s^' áGaváTou; Te Geou; Gvr|Toú; t' ävGpwnouc;, / w; e'íSov 5óXov ainúv, ä^^xavov ävGpwnoiaiv (588-589: b ygMBneHMM 6binu 6eccMepTHbie 6oru u nrogu, / Korga yBugenu o6MaH HeogonuMHM, 6e3bicxogHbiM gnH cMepTHHx). flanee cnegyeT «nupuHecKoe» OTcTynneHue (591-616), paccKa3biBaro^ee o 3no-BpegHocTM »eH^MH, XOTH b koh^ ^o^T BHHy»geH npu3HaTb: Hem om 6edu u36aene-Hbx! Oho Ka»eTcH BcTaBHHM, m TeM He MeHee, b HeM HeT HMHero cnyHaÖHoro (ecnu HTO-TO BcTaBnHeTcH, To Bcerga c onpegeneHHOM ^nbro, a ^nb ^Ty MO»eT 3HaTb TOHbKO mOT, a He ero KpuTMK). Begb geBy Te^ecT npuBoguT He TOHbKO k nrogHM, ho m k 6oraM, m yguBnHroTcH eö He TOHbKO nrogu, ho m 6oru. Cpa3y »e nocne ^T0^0 OTcTynneHMH u 6e3 BcHKoro nepexoga (hto caMO no ce6e Ka»eTcH cTpaHHHM) ugeT paccKa3 o BenuKOM 6uTBe 6oroB c TuTaHaMM (617 u ganee), K0T0pHM BnonHe npoHcHHeT 3HaHeHue «Mopa-nu» o »eH^MHax, a TaK»e, noHeMy re^ecT npuBoguT nogo6ue geBH Ha yguBneHue gpy-ruM 6oraM. Bot rnaBHoe 3no (KaKov), coBepmaeMoe »eH^MHaMM: áXXóTpiov Ká^aTov a^sTép^v yaaTép' ä^wvTai (599: «Hy»oö Tpyg b cbom »enygoK co6uparoT»), t. e. ohm ucmom,amm My»HMH, genaroT mx cna6biMM. Boru, K0T0pbie npu Buge geBH nomepxnu paccydoK (yguBunucb), cTanu cna6biMM, KaK u acypbi, OTgaBmue aMpuTy HapaHHe b 06-pa3e guBHOM »eH^MHH. M TOHbKO nocne Toro, KaK acypbi-TMTaHbi ocna6nHK>TcH HaHMHaeTcH 6uTBa. B koh^ ee no6e»geHHbie acypbi yxogHT «b 3eMnro u coneHHM OKeaH», T. e. B HM»HMM MMp. AHaHOrMHHbIM 06pa30M OKaHHMBaeTcH TMTaHOMaXMH: Kai Touc ^sv uno xGovo; eúpuo5eír|c / né^av (717-718: u mx nog 3eMnro mupoKyro / OTnpaBunu). AMpuTa gaeT cuny, u mOTOMy ee noTepH ocna6nHeT acypoB. nepeMe^eHue Hy»ux nnogoB b »enygoK, no Bceö BuguMocTM, HaMeKaeT Ha KaKyro-TO 6o»ecTBeHHyro cy6-cTaH^Mro, KOTopoM Bnagenu ^py^ue 6o^u u KOTopyro y hmx 06MaH0M M3^Hna npu3paH-HaH geBa, M3r0T0BneHHaH onuMnuMcKMMM 6oraMM. nocne ^TMX coBnageHMM, gyMaeTcH, c gocTaTOHHHM ocHOBaHueM mo»ho roBopuTb 06 eguHOM apxeTunuHecKOM Mogenu 6mt-bh g^B0B c acypaMM b MHguöcKOM ^^oce u 6mtbh 6oroB c TuTaHaMM b recuogoBcKOM m^Me. EguHcTBO Mogenu npegnonaraeT eguHcTBO nepcoHa»eö, t. e. g^B0B c 6oraMM u acypoB c TuTaHaMM. M b caMOM gene, kto TaKue acypH? ^T0 6oru M3HaHanbHoro Mupa, KaK roBopuT Keönep. «AcypH B006^e cocTaBnHroT ^HTpanbHyro npo6neMy BeguHec-kom penuruu. nocne Toro KaK MHgpa co3gan gyanbHHM kocmoc, acypH nepecTanu 6biTb eguHcTBeHHHMM 6oraMM, nocKonbKy gyanu3M pacnocTpaHuncH u Ha 6oroB. BMecTe c MHgpon Bo3HUKna rpynna hobhx 6oroB. Mx mmh, g^BH, - crapoe UHgoeBponencKoe cno-bo, o6o3HaHaBmee He6ecHHx 6oroB. KaK TaKOBHe, ^bhi 6hhm npoTUBonocraBneHH 6o-raM U3HaHanbHoro Mupa, u 6opb6a MHgpH, npegBoguTena u rnaBHoro «3 hobhx 6oroB, c gpaKoHoM paccMaTpuBanacb u KaK HanpaBneHHaa npoTUB acypoB. flencTBUTenbHo, 6o-nee no3gHue BeguncKue TeKCTH He ynoMUHaroT 6onbme 6opb6H MHgpH, a BMecro ^T0^0 Bcerga roBopaT o KocMoroHUHecKon 6uTBe g^B0B u acypoB. Mx Bpa^ga Hocuna Tparu-HecKun xapaKTep, TaK KaK g^BH 6hmu MnagmuMU 6paTbaMU acypoB» (Kennep 1986, 31). ^Ta cxeMy mo^ho 6hmo 6h np«no:«UTb k Teo^oHuu recuoga, ecnu TonbKo npu-HHTb npegnono:«eHue, hto Mnagmue 6oru, geTu KpoHa u Peu, b caMoM gene 6oproTca npoTuB cTapmux 6oroB, geTen reu u ypaHa, u ^TU nocnegHue ecTb TuTaHH. Ho, KaK mh Bugenu, rpeHecKun TeKcT He gaeT pemuTenbHo HuKaKux ocHoBaHun gna oTo^gec-TBeneHua cTapHx 6oroB c TuTaHaMu, a nepeBogH, cnegya ^unonomHecKUM gorMaM, genaroT He onpaBgaHHHe hu c KaKon cTopoHH go6aBneHua, ucKa^aro^ue TeKcT. B TuTaHH nonagaeT ga^e npoMeTen: Tym o6pamuncx k mumaHy podumenb 6eccMepmHux u cuepmHux (542). B rpeHecKoM TeKcTe cKa3aHo npocTo: A^ tots ^iv npoassins nat^p avSpwv ts 9swv ts («Torga cKa3an OTe^ nrogen u 6oroB»). Te ^e HUHeM He onpaBgaHHHe go6aBneHue b ucropuu o HaKa3aHuu npoMeTea: 6eccMepmHym nenem / Oh noMu-pan y mumaHa (521-522). B rpeHecKoM TeKcTe oTcyrcTByr cnoBo TuTaH: r|nap / ^aGisv aGavaTov («neHeHb / noegan 6eccMepTHyro»). nogo6Horo poga go6aBneHua TeM 6onee HegonycTuMH, hto y recuoga cnoBo TiT^v Hurge He BcTpeHaeTca b eg. h., a TonbKo bo mh. (Paulson, 1962, 84-85: TiT^v), u HuKorga He conpoBo^gaeTca nuHHHMu uMeHaMu. Ca-Moro no ce6e ^T0^0 npocToro ^aKTa 6hmo 6h gocTaToHHo, hto6h He 3noynoTpe6naTb oTo^gecTBneHuaMu u Boo6^e oTHecTucb c 6onbmuM BHuMaHueM k TeKcTy recuoga, a He goMHcnaM ero TonKoBaTenen. M Bce ^e oTo^gecTBneHue TuTaHoB co cTapmuMu 6oraMu He coBceM 6e3ocHo-BaTenbHo, ecnu TonbKo pacnono^uTb ux Me^gy ypaHugaMu u KpoHugaMu. TuTaHH, TaKuM o6pa3oM, npoTuBocToaT b oguHaKoBon Mepe, KaK TeM, TaK u gpyruM. CxeMa 6opb6H acypoB u g^B0B, TaK^e KaK u TuTaHoB u 6oroB, KaK 6opb6H MonogHx 6oroB npoTuB cTapHx oKa3HBaeTca He gocTaToHHon. B BeguncKon Mu^onoruu 3a npegena-mu ^Ton 6opb6H ocTaeTca BapyHa, KoTopoMy b recuogoBcKoM BapuaHTe cooTBeTc-TByeT OKeaH. CBepx Toro, ocTaeTca BecbMa HeonpegeneHHHM noHaTue u3Ha^anbHo^o Mupa, KoTopoe npuMaeTca KaK hto-to caMo co6on pa3yMero^eeca. Ho KaK pa3 UMeH-ho oho 6onbme Bcero conpoTuBnaeTca BcaKon cxeMaTuHHocTu: u g^BH u acypH, u KpoHugH u ypaHugH, BKnroHaa TuTaHoB, Bce ohu - 6oru u3Ha^anbHo^o Mupa, koto-pHe no Mepe pa3BopaHuBaHua KocMoroHuHecKoro npo^cca 6epyT ogHy cTopoHy unu gpyryro. noHeMy? M 3gecb mh y^e BcTynaeM b o6,beKTUBHyro (unu apxemununecKym) noruKy KocMoroHuHecroro npo^cca, KoTopaa nogHuHaeT ce6e Bcex o6«TaTenen «3-HaHanbHoro Mupa. Ho BepHeMca k TuTaHaM. B HeM coctout ux c^e^u^UKa no oTHomeHuro KaK k cTapHM ypaHugaM, TaK u hobhm KpoHugaM? flna oTBeTa (npegnono^uTenbHoro, KaK u Bcero, hto KacaeTca apxauHecKux KocMoroHun) Ha ^T0T Bonpoc mh gon^HH nepenTU c oTganeHHon UHguncKon noHBH Ha 6onee 6n«3Kyro Manoa3uaTcKyro u BepHyTbca k xyp-puTcKoMy Mu^y o 6opb6e 6ora He6a AHy c KyMap6u24. 24 Stot m«^ coxpaHunca b xeTTcKon Bepcuu. PyccKun nepeBog B. B. MBaHoBa cm. b gyHa, ynaBmaa c He6a 1977, 114-124: ^o^Ma o ^pcmBoBaHue Ha He6ecax; aHrnMncKMn nepeBog xeTTcKoro TeKcTa cm. b ANET 1969, 120-121: Kingship in Heaven. CxogcTBo recuogoBcKoro paccKa3a c ^TMM mu^om 6bino gaBHo oTMeHeHo (West 1966, 20-23). PeHb ugeT, 6e3 coMHeHua, o6 apxemununecKoM Momuee. M TeM He MeHee, recuog cTpouT cBoro Teo^OHum He Ha nycTOM MecTe, a ugeT ot oHeHb gpeBHux npegaHuft, KpaMHroro rpy6ocTb KOTOpbix eMy He Bcerga ygaeTca cKpbiTb (unu, cKopee, crnaguTb b cooTBeTcTBuu c rpeHecKuM BKycoM). C gocTaTOHHHM ocHOBaHueM mo^ho npegnono-^uTb (ga^e 6e3 o6pa^eHua k xyppuTcKOMy Mu^y), hto KpoH He oTceKaeT HneH ypaHa, a oTKycHBaeT ero c noMo^bro cboux oHeHb TBepgbix 3y6oB. Ha ^TO yKa3HBaeT ^op-Ma uHcTpyMeHTa, kotophm nonb3yeTca KpoH gna oTgeneHua nonoBoro opraHa ypaHa: apnr|v Kap^apoSovTa (180: «cepn ocTpo3y6bift»). ^TOT cepn u3roTOBnaeT rea (162: tsu^s ^sya Spsnavov, «u3roTOBuna 6onbmoft cepn»), MaTepuan gna KOToporo oHa u3BneKaeT u3 caMOM ce6a (161: ysvoc; noXiou aSd^avTo;, «pog 6enoro ^ene3a»). Ecnu BocxoguTb k apxeTuny (BepHee, k Hau6onee npuMuTuBHOM u rpy6oft ^opMe ero peanu3a^u, to apnr|v Kap^apoSovTa, kotophm KpoH KacTpupyeT ypaHa, Mo^eT c ogHoft cTopoHH pac-cMaTpuBaTbca KaK vagina dentata, a c gpyroft - KaK 3y6acTHM poT caMoro KpoHa. Mga e^e ganbme, mo^ho cKa3aTb, hto pom KpoHa coBnagaeT 3gecb c vagina Teu. Ha ^TO cob-nageHue, KaK Ka^eTca, yKa3HBaeT Mecmo, Kyga npaHeT KpoHa rea: Eias 5s ^iv Kpu^aaa Xo^w (174: cnpaTana b cKpHToe MecTo). M3 ^T0^0 MecTa oh npoTaruBaeT pyKy (178: o 5' ¿k Xoxeoto ndt; wps^aTo x£Lpl) u oTceKaeT nonoBoft opraH cBoero poguTena. CnoBo Xo^o; (=Xoxe6;) o3HaHaeT 3acady, ho TaK^e ctout b cBa3u co cnoBOM Xo^eia (pogbi, po^aHue, KonH6enb). ^TM ^TMMono^MM aBnaroTca HaBoga^uMu. Ho ecnu nocMOTpeTb Ha geno c hucto npocTpaHcTBeHHoft tohku 3peHua, to cxBaTuTb HneH ypaHa KpoH Mor, TonbKo cnpaTaBmucb bo Bnaranu^e reu. flanbHeftmyro guHaMuKy co6htum mo^ho npegcTaBuTb no o6pa3^ xyppuTcKoro Mu^a: KpoH oTKycbiBaeT HneH ypaHa, a noTOM BbmneBbiBaeT ero, ho npu ^T0M 3a6epe-MeHeBaeT, KaK KyMap6u, 6oraMu, u ^TM 6oru ecTb TuTaHH, cbiHOBba He6a, tohho TaK^e KaK cbiHOBbaMu He6a-AHy aBnaroTca 3aHaTbie KyMap6u ot ero oTKymeHHoft My^cKOM cunH Tpu y^acHHx 6ora. noKa3aTenbHo TaK^e noHTu TeKcTyanbHoe coBnageHue peHu, c KOTopoft AHy o6pa^aeTca k TpeM 6oraM, cuga^uMu bo HpeBe y KyMap6u, u peHu, c KOTopoft ypaH o6pa^aeTca k cboum geTaM-TuTaHaM. npaBga, b nepBOM cnyHae AHy 3aKnuHaeT cboux geTeft bhmtu u3 HpeBa KyMap6u u oTOMcTuTb 3a Hero ^to nocneg-Hee npaMo He roBopuTca, ho npegnonaraeTca). Bo BTopoM cnyHae ypaH npegynpe^gaeT cboux cHHOBeM, hto um 6ygeT HaKa3aHue 3a geno, k KOTopoMy ohu npoTaHynu pyKy (207-210). B koh^ koh^b TuTaHH oKa3HBaroTca b TapTape BMecTe c HygoBu^aMu u 6oro6op^Mu, Bpoge MeHeTua, cHHa ManeTa, 6paTa npoMeTea u ATnaHTa, t. e. 6oroB TpeTbero noKoneHua, KaK u onuMnuftcKue 6oru. CnegyeT oTMeTuTb, hto hu npoMeTea, hu ATnaHTa 3eBc He oTnpaBnaeT b TapTap: ATnaHTa npucnoca6nuBaeT gna noggep^a-Hua He6ecHoro cBoga, a npoMeTea nocne Toro, KaK open Bbien onacHHe cogep^aHua ero neHeHu, Boo6^e ocBo6o^gaeT, u3 Hero mo^ho 3aKnroHuTb, hto u gna Hero HaxoguTca MecTo b onuMnuftcKOM MupocucTeMe. B TapTape (b ^pe6e unu npocTo nog 3eMneft) co6uparoTca cy^ecrea, gna kotophx He Hamnocb MecTa b opraHu3OBaHHOM Mupe, tohho TaK^e, KaK u gna acypoB, KoTopHe gon^HH 6binu yMTu b humhuu Mup. CTporo roBopa, hu^hum Mup ^T0 u ecTb mnananb-nuu Mup, u acypH, TuTaHH u BcaKue gpyrue HygoBu^a BOBce He «c6pacHBaroTca» nog 3eMnro, a ocTaroTca b u3HaHanbHOM Mupe, kotophm c tohku 3peHua HOBoro BepxHero op-raHu3OBaHHoro Mupa BuguTca KaK MpaHHHM TapTap. KocMoroHua c ^T0M tohku 3peHua npegcTaBnaeTca KaK o6rbeKTuBHHM npo^cc, b pe3ynbTaTe KOToporo npeogoneBaeTca TaKenaa xTOHUHecKaa ocHOBa, c KOTopoß HenocpegcTBeHHO conpuKacaeTca HUKHUß Mup. Ho ^Ta OHOBa ecTb TaKKe HaHano, u mOTOMy Mup, K0T0paß HenocpegcTBeHHO c Heß conpuKacaeTca, ecTb u3nananbnuû. BepxHuß Mup, B03HUKmuß b pe3ynbTaTe OTga-neHua ot ^Toß OcHOBa, Ungrund, KaK cKa3an 6a ffiennuHr25, yKe He ecTb U3HaHanbHaß, u mOTOMy oh BCTynaeT b 0^^03U^UK> k HUKHeMy Mupy. D^Ba u acypa, 6oru u TuTaHa, Bce ohm npoucxogaT U3 eguHOß meMHoû ochobu, u onpegenaroTca b ogHOM unu gpyroM KaHecTBe - BepxHeM unu HUKHeM, cTapoM unu hobom - no OTHomeHuro k ^Toß ocHOBe, npeogoneBaa b 6onbmeß unu MeHbmeß cTeneHU cuny ee npuTaKeHua. O6pa30M ^Toß xTOHUHecKOß OcHOBa cTaHOBUTca nepB0-yTpo6a, KOTopaa Bgpyr omKpbieaemcx26. OcHOBHOß KOcMoroHUHecKoß 3agaHeß 6oroB cTaHOBUTca npoTUBO-geßcTBue TeHgeH^uu nepB0-yTpo6a k 06paTH0My cMaKaHuro. C ^Toß ympoÔHoû cto-poHa KOcMoroHuro mokho npegcTaBUTb KaK cnegoBaHue yTpo6: Xaoca, reu, KpoHa27. B yTpo6e KpoHa 0^^03U^uu-^p0TUB0peHua, KOTopae xapaKTepu3yroT U3HaHanbHaß yTpo6Haß Mup, gocTuraroT cBoero HauBacmero HanpaKeHua. KpoH 3aKnroHaeT b cBoeß yTpo6e geTeß, Bamegmux U3 HpeBa Peu, ho b ^Toß ero yTpo6e yKe HaxogaT-ca TuTaHa, 3aHaTae ot ypaHa. Co3gaeTca y3en, cuMBonu3upyeMaß KaMHeM, K0T0paß ^p0B0^upyeT KOHBynbcuro yTpo6a, ee ocHoBa KaK 6a nepenaMaBaeTca (no cpaBHeHuro c nepB0-yTpo6oß Xaoca, OHa 3HaHUTenbH0 ocna6neHa), b pe3ynbTaTe Hero npoucxo-guT Baxog HapyKy cgaBneHax b Heß cogepKaHuß. ^TU cogepKaHua - TuTaHa u 6oru. OgHU - cmapmue, nocKonbKy 6anu 3aHaTa ot ypaHa, ho MyMcKuM 60KecTB0M, gpyrue - Mnadmue, nocKonbKy 3aHaTa ot KpoHa, ho MencKuM 60KecTB0M. fleTU Peu poKga-roTca npaBunbHbiM 06pa30M, a KpoH HenpaBunbHUM 06pa30M OTnpaBnaeT ux 06paTH0 b cBoe co6cTBeHHoe HpeBO, rge ohu coeguHaroTca c HenpaBunbHo 3aHaTaMU TuTaHaMU. M KaK pe3ynbTaT ^Toß a6c0nroTH0 aHopManbHoß cuTya^uß npoucxoguT pa3paB yTpo-6a KpoHa, a caM oh, onycTomeHHaß, cTaBmuß coBceM ManeHbKUM yxoguT, KaK thom, nog 3eMnro. M 6oru u TuTaHa npuHagneKaT k U3HaHanbH0My yTpo6H0My Mupy, TonbKo ogHU BaxogaT U3 Hero, a gpyrue ocTaroTca b HeM, ocTaHOBUBmucb HaBcerga b cBoeM kocmo-roHUHecKOM pa3BUTUu, b cuny Hero ohu cTaHOBaTca cmapUMu, t. e. He BomegmuMU bo BpeMa, KaK ux Mnadmue 6paTba-6oru. ^T0 OCHOBHOß napagoKc 6oroB BHyTpuMupoBax 6oroB-geMuyproB: ohu - BeHHOKUBy^ue, ho Bce Ke ohu npe6aBaroT bo BpeMeHU u npo-cTpaHCTBe b OTnuHue ot cboux 6paTbeB-TUTaH0B, KOTopae ocTanucb b 6e3BpeMeHH0M u 6ecnp0CTpaHCTBeHH0M U3HaHanbH0M Mupe. CTeHa, KOTopaa OKpyKaeT TapTap ecTb npegen, K0T0paß OTgenaeT BpeMa ot 6e3BpeMeHba, npocTpaHCTBO ot 6ecnpocTpaHc-TBeHHOcTU. CTopyKue, KOTopae noMornu 6oraM b 6opb6e npoTUB TuTaHOB, ocTaroTca Ha ^T0M npegene, nocKonbKy He MoryT nonHOcTbro BOßTU bo BpeMa u npocTpaHCTBO, ho TaKKe u BaßTU U3 Hero. Ohu KaK 6a 3acTpanu Ha ^T0M npegene, o6o3HaHaa HygoBU^- 25 Cm. ere OunocoficKue uccneboeanua o cyw,nocmu HenoeenecKoû ceoôoàu u cemannux c Heû npedMemax (fflennuHr 1989), rge BBcguTca noHaTue TeMHOß ecHCBa (Ungrund) b Bere. 26 STMMcncruHecKM xáo; cccTHCcuTca c xáa^a, ('6e3gHa', a TaKKe 'cTBepcTue', '^enb', 'HpeBc'). 3to nc3BcnaeT cgenaTb 3aKnroHeHue, htc «Xáo; y recucga - stc nepeunnaa (npÓTiora) yTpc6a, KCTcpaa caMa ce6a ncpcK-gaeT m pcKgaeT Bce ccTanbHce» (MuxañncB 1989, 78). 27 STa TeHgeH^Ma yTpc6a geñcTByeT TaKKe b 3eBce, hc b 3HaHMTenbHC ccna6neHHcñ ^cpMe, BcnegcTBue Here eMy ygaeTca ee HeñTpanM3CBaTb. Oh OTnpaBnaeT MeTugy b cBce HpeBc (Th. 899), hc npu stcm He 6ncKupyeT reHepaTMBHañ np^ecc, KaK KpoH, a pcKgaeT m3 rencBa A^MHy. CTpcre rcBcpa, He 3eBc poKgaeT A^MHy, a MeTuga, ee MaTb, hc TcnbKC npe6aBaa bc HpeBe 3eBca, b KCTcpcM HeMTpanu3yroTca ee onacHae ccgepKaHua. HHM npegen MeKgy 6biTueM u He6biTueM, BpeMeHeM u 6e3BpeMeHbeM, KoTopoe, ogHaKo, He ecTb BeHHocTb. Boru u TuTaHH BbixogHT BMecTe u3 yrpo6bi KpoHa u MeKgy humu cpa3y o6Hapy-KuBaeTca paguKanbHaa npoTuBononoKHocTb. ^T0 npeKge Bcero KacaeTca cnoco6a ux 3aHaTua. OnuMnußcKue 6oru coBMe^aroT b ce6e gBa ^puH^u^a - MyKcKoß u KeHcKuß, nocKonbKy 6binu 3aHaTH MyKcKuM 60KecTB0M b noHe KeHcKoro 6oKecTBa. TuTaHH 6binu 3aHaTH MyKcKuM 60KecTB0M b HpeBe MyKcKoro 6oKecTBa, u mOT0My ohu uMe-roT b ce6e TonbKo oguH ^puH^u^ - MyKcKoß. ^T0 BnonHe cornacyeTca c npegcraBneHu-eM o TuTaHax KaK ucKnroHuTenbHo MyKcKux 6oKecTBax. Ohu cunbHH go Tex nop, noKa coxpaHaroT b ce6e ^Ty MyKcKyro TuTaHuHecKyro MoHonuTHocTb, HenpoHu^eMyro gna nro6oro gpyroro ^puH^u^a28. OgH0BpeMeHHo ^Ta ochobaHHocTb ux 6htuh Ha ogHoM TonbKo ^pMH^M^e genaeT ux KpaßHe xpynKuMu u HenpogyKTuBHHMu. Ohu 3aMKHyTH u HenpoHu^eMbi b cuny cBoeß oÖHonpuH^nmcmu, t. e. a6conroTHoß Hecnoco6HocTu npou3BecTu HTo-nu6o, hto He ecTb ohu caMu. Ohu pogunucb u3 ifiannoca, KoTopbiß cTan opraHu3yro^uM ^puH^u^0M TuTa-HuHecKoß aHTu-cucTeMH, 3aKpHToß u HenpoHu^eMoß, a noceMy o6peHeHHoß Ha 3a-Me^eHue gpyroß cucTeMoß, oTKpHToß u npogyKTuBHoß. ^Toß cucTeMoß cTaHoBuTca onuMnußcKaa, ocHoBaHHaa Ha coTpygHuHecTBe u oguHaKoBoß ^hhoctu gByx HaHan - KeHcKoro u MyKcKoro. ^Tu gBe cucTeMH - onuMnußcKaa u TuTaHuHecKaa - KaK 6h cocy^ecTByroT u B3auMH0 ypaBHoBemuBaroT gpyr gpyra, xoth HaxogHTca b nocroHH-H0M npoTuBo6opcTBe: ffecnmb yMnem HenpepueHo ohu MeM co6om cpaManucb, A pa3pemeHbH mxMenoü epaMdu unb ee 0K0HHarnx He npuxoduno, u He 6uno eudHo koh^ MeMyco6bm. (636-638) TuTaHH, b KaHecTBe cBoero ^HTpa uMeroT O^pußcKyro ropy (632), a 6oru -MHorocHeKHHß OnuMn (634). B Mu^onoruu BcHKaa ropa, TeM 6onee, ecnu 0Ha uMeeT oco6oe 3HaHeHue, KaK ropa TuTaHoB, no Heo6xoguMocTu gonKHa uMeTb Mu^uHecKoe npoucxoKgeHue. ropa OnuMn - ^HTp Mupa, a noceMy coBnagaeT c oM$anoM (ny-noM 3eMnu), xoth ^T0T nocnegHuß Haxogunca b flenb^ax b xpaMe AnonnoHa. OM^an 0T0KgecTBnanca c KaMHeM, KoTopHß npornoTun, a noToM u3Beprayn KpoH (497). Ta-kum 06pa30M, Mu^uHecKoe npoucxoKgeHue OnuMna KaK ^HTpa Mupa M0KeT 6biTb B03BegeH0 k nepeo-KaMHm, Bcneg 3a KoTopHM BHxogHT u3 HpeBa KpoHa onuMnußcKuß 6oru. Mokho TaKKe cKa3aTb, hto 6oru BHxogHT u3 KaMHH, KoTopHß 3aTeM cTaHoBuTca ^HTpoM Mupa, MupoBoß ropoß. Boru o6uTaroT Ha ^Toß rope, n0T0My-HT0 Korga-To u3 Hee pogunucb, t. e. nepeMecTunucb u3 BHyrpeHHero npocTpaHcTBa KaMHH bo BHemHee npocTpaHcTBo ropH29. 28 O TuTaHax KaK He^poHM^aeMHx rnbi6ax cm. ^oceB 1957, 156-158. 29 O npoucxoKgeHuu nepBHx 6oroB u3 KaMHH paccKa3HBaeT Mnabmaa sààa: KopoBa AygyMna nuKeT KaMeHb u u3 Hero BbixoguT HenoBeK no uMeHu Bypu, KoTopHM poKgaeT Bopa (KaK u ot Koro He roBopuTca). Bop 6epeT b KeHH goHb BenuKaHa BecTny, ot KoTopoM poKgaroTca Tpu 6ora-geMuypra: OguH, Bunu u Be. Ohu y6uBaroT BenuKaHa MMupa u co3garoT u3 HacTeß ero Tena He6o u 3eMnro. BaKHo oTMeTuTb, hto 6oru-ge-Muypru npuHagneKaT k TpeTbeMy noKoneHuro 6oroB u npoucxogHT ot MyKcKoro 6oKecTBa u KeHcKoro, t. e. coeguHHroT b ce6e MyKcKoe u KeHcKoe HaHana, ho He b cMemaHHoM Buge, KaK y nepBHx 6oKecTB, a pa3geneHH0M, b cuny Hero ohu cnoco6HH TBopuTb. STa Ke cxeMa hcho npornagbiaBeT b TeosoHuu recuoga: B oTHomeHuu O^puMcKoM ropH KaK ^opu TumaHoe, croa^eM b 0^^03M^MM k OnuMny, ^ope 6o^oB, moxho cgenaTb cnegyro^ee npegnonoxeHue. B xyppuTcKOM MM^e KyMap6u BHnneBHBaeT MyxcKyro cuny Bora He6a, u OHa npeBpa^aeTca b ropy. Ot-ceHeHHHM geTopogHHM HneH ypaHa nnaBaeT no Mopro, KaK ocTpoB unu nepBo6biTHbiM xonM. O tom, hto c hmm npoucxoguT ganbme, HMHero He roBopuTca, ho moxho npeg-nonoxuTb, hto ^T0T caMHM ^annoc, ot KOToporo pogunucb TuTaHH, cTaHOBMTca O^-puMcKOM ropoM, Ha KOTopoM ohm u nocenaroTca, n0T0My hto Bbimnu M3 Hee, KaK BHmnu onuMnuMcKue 6oru M3 oM^ana-OnuMna. Ho ecTb Mexgy hmmm cy^ecTBeHHaa pa3HM^. ropa TuTaHOB - ^T0 ^annoc, cTaBmuM ropoM, t. e. nonHocTbro noTepaBmuM cBoro HaHanbHyro reHepaTMBHyro ^Hep-ruro, oKaMeHeBmuM, cgenaBmuMca coBepmeHHo HenpoHM^eMbiM hm gna KaKoM hobom ^opMH XM3HM, Boo6^e gna xm3hm. ^T0T ^annoc KaK 6h npeBpaTunca b KaMeHHoro BenuKaHa ynnuKyMMM, KOToporo nopoxgaeT KyMap6u, nponuB cBoe ceMa b CKany30. ynnuKyMMM gopacTaeT go He6ec, 3aKpHBaa co6oM npocTpaHcTBo. B koh^ koh^b 6oru HaxogaT cpegcTBo ocTaHOBMTb pocT ynnuKyMMM, oTgenaa ero ot nepBo6biTHoM KaMeH-hom ochobh, cuMBonM3upyeMoM Ynennypu31. Mcnonb3yroT ohm gna ^T0^0 nuny, KOTopoM 6binu pa3geneHH b HaHane BpeMeH He6o u 3eMna. KaMeHHHM BenuKaH, gopocmuM go He6a, coeguHaeT cHOBa He6o c 3eMneM, t. e. aHHynupyeT ochobhom KocMoroHMHecKUM aKT, b pe3ynbTaTe KOToporo o6pa3yeTca oTKpHToe KocMMHecKoe npocTpaHcTBo. Moxho npegnonoxuTb, hto m KaMeHHHe TuTaHH, yceBmueca Ha O^puMcKoM rope, MMeroT aHanoruHHyro ^nb: BHOBb coeguHMTb 3eMnro c He6oM c noMo^bro ropH-^annoca, coBepmuB TaKMM 06pa30M ^éya spyov («BenuKoe geno»), 3a KOTopoe, KaK ux npegynpegun ypaH, ohm gonxHH noHecTM HaKa3aHue. npegcKa3aHue 6ora He6a nyH-KTyanbHo c6biBaeTca, Ha hto HaMeKaeT ^pa3a ¿ns! Tit^va; an' oúpavoü é^éXaasv Zsú; (820: «nocne Toro, KaK TuTaHOB c He6a M3rHan 3eBc»). OnuMnuMcKue 6oru, KaK u xyp-puTcKue, He npocTo nepeMe^aroT TuTaHOB c ogHoro MecTa b gpyroe (c He6a b TapTap), a oceo6oMdamm npocmpaHcmeo ot 3anonHMBmeM ero KaMeHHOM MaccH. 3aMeHaTenbH0 u gpyroe coBnageHue no npoTMBononoxHocTM c xyppuTcKOM no-^M0M. MmTap, cecTpa Bora rpo3H, oTnpaBnaeTca k ynnuKyMMM c ^nbro co6na3HMTb m ocna6uTb ero, ho KaMeHHHM BenuKaH ocTaeTca Henp0HM^aeMHM gna neceH 6oruHM nro6BM, m OHa, 6pocuB nroTHro u copBaB cbom yKpameHua, b oTHaaHMM yxoguT. TaKxe u 6oru nocHnaroT k TuTaHaM ucKycTBeHHyro geBy, npu Buge KOTopoM, b oTnuHue ot xyp-puTcKoro BenuKaHa, ohm ucnHTHBaroT yguBneHue, u oho cTaHOBMTca gna hmx HaHanoM noTepu BHyTpeHHeM c^nneHHocTM, genaBmeM ux Heno6eguMHMM. yguBneHue pacKpa-eaem TuTaHOB. Ohm yxe He ecTb HenpoHM^eMbie, 6onee Toro, yguBneHue, BH3HBaeMoe ucKyccTBeHHoM geBOM, bhocmt b hmx pa3geneHue: ot hmx KaK 6h oTgenaeTca KaKaa-To HacTb, KoTopaa cTaHOBMTca avGpwnoi, t. e. cMepmmrnu nmdbMu. B ^T0M nyHKTe KOHHa-eTca ucTopua TuTaHOB, a TaKxe - M3HaHanbHoro Mupa. HaHMHaeTca gpyraa ucTopua, KoTopaa b KaHecTBe cBoero ^HTpanbHoro ^pMH^M^a MMeeT yHMBepcanbHHM 3aKOH-MoMpy, o6omtm KoTopHM He MoxeT gaxe BepxoBHHM Bor, He roBopa yxe 06 o6MaH^MKe npoMeTee. TonbKo TpeTbe noKoneHMe 6oroB cTaHOBaTca nognMHHHMM ycTpoMTenaMM MMpa, nocKonbKy xeHcKoe b hmx oTgeneHo ot MyxcKoro. norno^aa MeTMgy m poxgaa A^MHy, 3eBc BHBogMT M3 ce6a nocnegHMe ocTaTKM nepBOHaHanbHOM cMemaHHocTM, ^MKcupya pa3 m HaBcerga npoTMBononoxHocTM. 30 necHb o6 YnnuKyMMu, b ^yHa, ynaBmaa c He6a 1977, 125-140. 31 3a roBopMT Ynennypu: Ta, Ha kom 6o¿u cmpounu He6o u 3eMnm! (necHb o6 YnnuKyMMu, 138). ^HTepaTypa Kënnep, B. 1986. Tpyàbi no BeduücKoü Mu$ono^uu. MocKBa. .oceB A. 1957. AHmunHax Mu$ono^ux b ee ucmopunecKOM pa3Bumuu. MocKBa. .oceB A. $.1988. Tumami. // Mh^h HapogoB Mupa. T. 2. MocKBa. .yHa, ynaBmaa c He6a 1977. HyHa, ynaBwax c Heôa. flpeBHm numepamypa Manoü A3uu. nepeBog c gpeBHeManoa3uaTcKux h3hkob Bah. Bc. uBaHoBa. MocKBa. MuxannoB H. A. 1989. rpenecKuü KocMo^oHu^ecKuü Mu$ b TeoroHMM recuoda: cmpyKmy-pa meKcma, peKOHcmpy^ux, cpaBHumenbHuü KOMMeHmapuü. flunnoMHaa pa6o-Ta. MocKBa. PurBega 1989. - PurBega. MaHganbi I-IV. M3gaHue nogroToBuna T. Enu3apeHKoBa (.uTepaTypHHe naMHTHUKu). MocKBa. Py6uHmTeÜH P. M. E^unemcKax Mu$om^ux. // Mu^bi HapogoB Mupa. T. 1. MocKBa. TonopoB B. H. 1987. Dopa. // Mu^bi HapogoB Mupa. T. 1. MocKBa. TonopoB B. H. 1987. ffpeBo MupoBoe. // Mu^bi HapogoB Mupa. T. 1. MocKBa. fflennuHr $.B.M. 1989. ConumHux b ÔByx moMax. T. 2. MocKBa. ANET 1969. Ancient Near Eastern Texts relating to the Old Testament. Ed. by James B. Pritchard. Princeton-New Jersey. Colli G. 1990. La sapienza greca. I. Milano. Doniger W. 1997. Siva. L' asceta erotico. Milano. Eliade 1975. Da Zalmoxis a Gengis-Khan. Roma. Kerényi K. 1984. Miti e misteri. Torino. Hesiod 1982. Hesiod with english translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White. London. Hindu Myths 1975. O'Flaherty, Wendy Doniger. Hindu Myths. A Source book translated from the Sanskrit. Penguin Books. Lavedan P. 1931. Dictionnaire illustré de la Mythologie et des Antiquités grecques et romaines. Paris. Paulson J. 1962. Index Hesiodeus. Hildesheim. Radin 1965. Radin P., Jung C. G., Kerényi K. Il Briccone divino. Milano. Stutley M., Stutley J. 1980. Dizionario dell'Induismo. Roma. West M. L. 1966. Prolegomena and Commentary. // Hesiod. Theogony. Oxford. The Gods and Titans in the Hesiod's Theogony Mihail Yevzlin The article considers the traditional notion about Titans as the first 12 children of Earth and Heaven. This is right for Apollodorus but erroneous for Hesiod. The analysis of the Greek text of "Theogony" demonstrates that Titans were generated by Heaven himself without the participation of Earth. The exclusively masculine origin of Titans opposes them to the old gods, children of Earth and Heaven, as well as to the new gods, children of Cronus and Rhea. The gods are a personal group; all of them have names and distinctive personalities. Only Titans remain an impersonal group and are always designated with the plural masculine form "titenes". The singular and feminine forms are found only in Aeschylus and Apollodorus, when Titans have been identified with the first children of Earth and Heaven. This masculine and impersonal Titans' quality permits one to consider them as special class of primordial beings and explains why all the gods - and even the monsters like the Cyclopes and the Hundred-handed - are united in the fight against Titans.