ri^ DE GRUYTER open HACQUETIA 13/2 • 2014, 259-278 DOI: 10.2478/hacq-2014-0006 ARUnCO-SALICEtUM CAPREAE -WHERE IS ITS SYNTAXONOMICAL POSITION? Maria PETRAŠGVAi & Ivan JAROL^MEKl Abstract Presented study is focused on the syntaxonomical revision and correct classification of the associations Arunco-Salicetum capreae and Filipendulo-Salicetum capreae. The associations were described by Hadač et al. (1969) from the Dolina Siedmich pramenov Valley in the Belianske Tatry Mts. The association Arunco-Salicetum capreae was emended by Šomšak (1986) by including the new subassociation from the Slovenske rudohorie Mts. Hadač et al. (1969) and Šomšak (1986) preliminarily ordered these associations within the class Querco-Fagetea, order Fagetalia, and alliance Alnion incanae. Later authors (Mucina & Maglocky 1985, Jarol^mek & Šib^k 2008) ordered them into two different classes. We used numerical analyses (hierarchical clustering and detrended correspondence analysis) of 1056 releves from floristically and ecologically similar syntaxonomical units to classify the associations within higher syntaxa and to find out whether there is a reason to distinguish two associations from such a small geographic area. Based on the analysis results we merged both studied associations into one association Arunco vulgaris-Salicetum capreae Hadač et al. ex Petrašova et Jarol^mek, ass. nova, which we ordered to the suballiance Alnenion glutinoso-incanae. Key words: Salix caprea-communities, Alnenion glutinoso-incanae, riparian willow communities, syntaxonomy, numerical classification, Belianske Tatry Mts. Izvleček V raziskavi smo se osredotočili na sintaksonomsko revizijo in pravilno uvrstitev asociacij Arunco-Salicetum capreae in Filipendulo-Salicetum capreae. Asociaciji so opisali Hadač et al. (1969) v dolini Dolina Siedmich pramenov v gorovju Belianske Tatry. Asociacijo Arunco-Salicetum capreae je emendiral Šomšak (1986) z vključitvijo nove subasociacije z gorovja Slovenske rudohorie. Hadač et al. (1969) in Šomšak (1986) so preliminarno uvrstili te asociacije v razred Querco-Fagetea, red Fagetalia in zvezo Alnion incanae. Kasneje so jih različni avtorji (Mucina & Maglocky 1985, Jarol^mek & Šib^k 2008) uvrstili v različna razreda. Za uvrstitev asociacij v višje sin-taksone smo uporabili numerične analize (hierarhično kopičenje in korespondenčno analizo z odstranjenim trendom) 1056 vegetacijskih popisov floristično in ekološko podobnih sintaksonov. Želeli smo tudi ugotoviti ali je smiselno ločevati dve asociaciji na tako majhnem geografskem območju. Na osnovi rezultatov analiz smo združili obe asociaciji v Arunco vulgaris-Salicetum capreae Hadač et al. ex Petrašova et Jarol^mek, ass. nova, ki smo jo uvrstili v podzvezo Alnenion glutinoso-incanae. Ključne besede: združbe s Salix caprea, Alnenion glutinoso-incanae, obvodna vrbovja, sintaksonomija, nume-rična klasifikacija, Belianske Tatry. 1. INTRODUCTION According to the description, the associations represent riparian willow shrub stands along both Based on six phytosociological releves, Hadač et banks of the Hlboky potok Stream, on limestone al. (1969) provisionally described two new asso- substrate. Localities are situated in the altitudes ciations from the Dolina Siedmich pramenov Val- from 1100 to 1200 m a.s.l. Shrub layer is dominat- ley in the Belianske Tatry Mts: Arunco-Salicetum ed by Salix caprea. Species Salix silesiaca, Sorbus capreae Hadač et al. 1969 ass. prov., and Filipen- aucuparia, Acerpseudoplatanus, and Picea abies are dulo-Salicetum capreae Hadač et al. 1969 ass. prov. also common. Dense herb layer is species rich, 1 Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia. maria.petrasova@savba.sk, ivan.jarolimek@savba.sk consisting of 30-40 species. Mesophilous species, typical for hardwood floodplain forests (Carex re-mota, Circaea lutetiana, Festuca gigantea, Geranium phaeum, Ranunculus auricomus, Stachys sylvatica), are accompanied with montane species, e.g. Arun-cus vulgaris (syn. Aruncussylvestris), Chaerophyllum hirsutum, Epilobium alpestre, Gentiana asclepiadea, Geranium sylvaticum, Rosa pendulina. Close to the alluvium of Hlboky potok Stream, where the steep terrain begins, other forests communities of the Dolina Siedmich pramenov Valley dominate - spruce forests closely below the subalpine zone of Pinus mugo. Forests of the alliance Tilio-Acerion are present only in fragments in the studied area. In the closest neighbourhood of Arunco-Salicetum capreae and Filipendulo-Salicetum capreae in the alluvium of Hlboky potok Stream there are present also other riparian communities of the alliances Petasition officinalis and Adenostylion alliariae and in the upper part of the valley the spring communities of the alliance Cratoneurion commutati. Hadač et al. (1969, 1987) ordered both analysed associations to the class Querco-Fagetea, order Fagetalia, and alliance Alnion incanae. The alliance Alnion incanae comprises two suballianc-es, Alnenion glutinoso-incanae and Ulmenion, but Hadač et al. (1969) didn't classify the associations at suballiance level. Both studied associations were described with provisional names, and each of them is documented only by three releves. As a main difference between the associations authors state the different size of skeleton in the substrate, gravel for Filipendulo-Salicetum capreae and boulders for Arunco-Salicetum capreae. There are no other forest communities belonging to the alliance Alnion incanae, in other parts of the Dolina Siedmich pramenov Valley. Šomšak (1986) classified other eight releves to the association Arunco-Salicetum capreae. These releves originate from the eastern part of the Slovenske rudohorie Mts with slightly different ecological conditions. Localities are situated on steep banks around the river Hnilec with nutrient poor substrate on granite bedrock. Altitude of the localities varies from 580 to 810 m a.s.l. Šomšak (1986) agreed with classification of this association within the alliance Alnion incanae; however, the author did not mention classification at the suballiance level. He also suggested dividing the association Arunco-Salicetum capreae into two subassociations, based on the differences in species composition, caused by different ecological conditions. Both authors recommended future verification of the preliminary classification of both associations proposed by Hadač. There are no other releves classified into the above-mentioned associations, in the Slovak national releve database (CDF, Hegedüšovä 2007). To these days, classification of the studied associations within higher syntaxa was not resolved. Until present time they were classified within three different higher syntaxonomical units (Alnion incanae, Betulo-Alnetea viridis and Ulmenion). The association Arunco-Salicetum capreae was not reported from any other parts of the Carpathians, either in Poland (Matuszkiewicz 2008) or Romania (Coldea 1991, Sanda et al. 1999) or from the Alps (Mucina et al. 1993, Šilc & Čarni 2012). Communities with similar physiognomy are in the Carpathians classified within the class Betulo-Adenostyletea Br.-Bl. 1948, the association Saliceto-Alnetum viridis Colic et al. 1962 in Romania and Pulmonario-Alnetum viridis Pawl. et Wal. 1949 in Poland. In the Alps, similar vegetation is classified within the class Betulo carpaticae-Alne-tea viridis Rejmänek in Huml et al. 1979, alliance Alnion viridis Schnyder 1930 (Grabher & Mucina 1993, Šilc & Čarni 2012). Floristic composition of all these communities is different from the associations Arunco-Salicetum capreae and Filipendulo-Salicetum capreae. Aims of our study are (1) to verify the recent occurrence of the associations Filipendulo-Sali-cetum capreae and Arunco-Salicetum capreae, and sample communities in original localities for better description of these associations, (2) to verify the rationales for distinguishing of the two associations from relatively small geographic area and similar ecological conditions, (3) to propose the classification of the associations within higher syntaxa. 2. METHODS Four new releves were sampled in 2012 following the standard procedures of the Zürich-Montpellier school (Braun-Blanquet 1964; Westhoff 1973) on the plot area at least 16 m2, what is the smallest plot area used by Hadač et al. (1969). This type of vegetation forms relatively small isolated patches along the stream. In the largest patches of the studied communities we used plots of size up to 50 m2. New Braun-Blanquet cover-abundance scale was used (Westhoff 1973). Handheld GPS device (GARMIN Oregon 550t) was used to record coordinates of the plots. Study area includes the territory of the Dolina Siedmich pramenov Valley, especially alluvium of the Hlboky potok Stream, in the central part of the Belianske Tatry Mts. Localities of releves were selected according to descriptions of Hadač et al. (1969) as close to the original plots as possible based on the present vegetation structure. Numerical classification was based on the dataset of 1324 releves from the Slovak national database (CDF, Hegedüšovä 2007) ordered by authors to the suballiances Ulmenion (359 rel.) and Alnenion glutinoso-incanae (305 rel.), the alliance Adenostylion (315 rel.), and the class Betulo carpaticae-Alnetea viridis (59 rel.), including 18 releves of the studied associations (Hadač et al. 1969 - 6 rel., Šomšäk 1986 - 8 rel., 4 own recent releves). Data were stored in TURBOVEG database (Hennekens & Schaminee 2001) and processed in JUICE program (Tichy 2002). Species records from different layers were merged and mosses were excluded from the dataset. Hierarchical clustering in SYN-TAX 2000 software (Podani 2001) was used for numerical classification. We used several clustering algorithms (beta-flexible method with ß = -0.25, UPGMA, WPGMA) and (di)similarity coefficients (Similarity ratio, Ružička's coefficient and Euclidean distance) to find a stable linkage of studied releves with higher syntaxonomical units. DCA analysis using CANOCO software (Ter Braak & Šmilauer 2002) was used to describe the variability inside the studied associations and to show their position within related higher syntaxa. Phytosociological table (Table 1) was made to describe the differences between groups of releves assigned into the studied associations (Hadač's, Šomšäk's and present releves) and to explain internal association variability. Two synoptic tables with frequencies and fidelities, calculated using the JUICE program (Tichy 2002), were prepared to determine differential species (phi > 25) separately for each higher syntaxon and for the studied associations. Fisher's exact test (P < 0.005) was used for eliminating the fidelity value of species with a non-significant pattern of occurrence (Chytry et al. 2002, Chytry et al. 2007). To shorten synoptic tables (Table 2, Table 3) "other taxa" with frequency lower than 20% in any column were excluded. Nomenclature of taxa follows Marhold et al. (1998). Nomencla- ture of syntaxa follows Jarol^mek et al. (2008). The new association name was created according to the International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature (Weber et al. 2000). The following abbreviations were used for assignment of species to the higher syntaxa and for non herbal layers in the tables (Table 1, Table 2, Table 3): aa - Adenostylion alliariae, AG - Alnetea glutinosae, ai - Alnenion glutinoso-incanae, BA -Betulo carpaticae-Alnetea viridis, EA - Epilobietea angustifolii, MA - Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, MB -Molinio-Betuletea pubescenstis, QF - Querco-Fagetea, RP - Rhamno-Prunetea, S - shrub layer, ss - Sam-buco-Salicion capreae, T - tree layer, VP - Vaccinio-Piceetea. 3. RESULTS During vegetation season 2012 we sampled all possible areas in the Dolina Siedmich pramenov Valley with compact willow shrub layer covering area larger than 2 by 2 meters and we recorded four phytosociological releves, which belong to the studied associations. The riparian vegetation described by Hadač et al. (1969) is still present in the Dolina Siedmich pramenov Valley. However, the small areas of the shrub formations occupy recently (in 2012) different places than in the 1969. Six Hadač's and four recent releves together contain 126 species. In total 61 species (48.4%) were present in the older releves and are still present in the recent communities. In total 38 species (30.2%) have disappeared from the nowadays communities and 27 species (21.4%) are new in four recent releves. Typical forest species, e.g. Athyrium filix-femina, Myosotis sylvatica, Paris quadrifolia, Dentaria glandulosa, Pulmonaria ob-scura prevail among the species that disappeared. On the other hand, many species that are new to the communities are more typical for the alliance Adenostylion, e.g. Cicerbita alpina, Ribes alpinum, Senecio hercynicus, Tanacetum corymbosum. It is apparent, that during the last 40 years the association Arunco-Salicetum capreae became more similar to other supramontane communities of the Dolina Siedmich pramenov Valley. These shrubs form small isolated patches on the alluvia along the Hlboky potok Stream and adjoin with riparian herb communities of the Adenostylion and Petasition alliances. Since they are rare in the studied area, it was possible to make only 4 releves, which are presented in the Table 1. These formations may look like a suc-cessional stage of any forest community, but even after more than 40 years there was no riparian forest community developed in the explored territory. Probably this successional stage is stable, blocked in the current form by the avalanches and climatic conditions connected with the high altitude. Internal variability of the associations Arunco-Salicetum capreae and Filipendulo-Salicetum capre-ae is shown in the DCA diagram (Figure 1) and dendrogram (Figure 2). From both plots is apparent that the differences in species composition between the original releves of the associations Arunco-Salicetum capreae Hadač et al. 1969 ass. prov. and Filipendulo-Salicetum capreae Hadač et al. 1969 ass. prov. are smaller than the variability of all releves of the association Arunco-Salicetum capreae (Figure 1, Figure 2) and variability between releves from 1969 and 2012 (Figure 1) as Figure 1: DCA diagram of 18 releves originally assigned to the associations Arunco-Salicetum capreae and Filipendulo-Salicetum capreae. A - Arunco-Salicetum capreae, releves from the Slovenske Rudohorie Mts (Šomšak 1986), B - Arunco-Salicetum capreae (□) and Filipendulo-Salicetum capreae (◊), releves from the Belianske Tatry Mts (Hadač 1969), C - recent releves of the association Arunco-Salicetum capreae from the Belianske Tatry Mts. Slika 1: DCA diagram 18 popisov originalno uvrščenih v asociaciji Arunco-Salicetum capreae in Filipendulo-Salice-tum capreae. A - Arunco-Salicetum capreae, popisi iz gorovja Slovenske Rudohorie (Šomšak 1986), B - Arunco-Salicetum capreae (□) in Filipendulo-Salicetum capreae (◊), popisi iz gorovja Belianske Tatry (Hadač 1969), C - novi popisi asociacije Arunco-Salicetum capreae iz gorovja Belianske Tatry Mts. Figure 2: Dendrogram of 18 releves assigned to the associations Arunco-Salicetum capreae and Filipendulo-Salicetum capreae. The dendrogram was made using beta-flexible method with ß = -0.25 and Ružička's coefficient of similarity. A - Arunco-Salicetum capreae from the Slovenske Rudohorie Mts (Šomšak 1986), B1 - Arunco-Salicetum capreae from the Belianske Tatry Mts (Hadač 1969), B2 - Filipendulo-Salicetum capreae from the Belianske Tatry Mts (Hadač 1969), C - recent releves of Arunco-Salicetum capreae from the Belianske Tatry Mts. Slika 2: Dendrogram 18 popisov uvrščenih v asociaciji Arun-co-Salicetum capreae in Filipendulo-Salicetum capreae. Dendrogram smo naredili z beta-fleksibilno metodo z ß = -0.25 in koeficientom podobnosti po Ružički. A - Arunco-Salicetum capreae z gorovja Slovenske Rudohorie (Šomšak 1986), B1 -Arunco-Salicetum capreae z gorovja Belianske Tatry (Hadač 1969), B2 - Filipendulo-Salicetum capreae z gorovja Belianske Tatry (Hadač 1969), C - novi popisi asociacije Arunco-Salice-tum capreae z gorovja Belianske Tatry. well. Therefore, we propose to merge these two provisional units into one association: Arunco vulgaris-Salicetum capreae Hadač et al. ex Petrašova et Jarol^mek, ass. nov. hoc loco (Bas.: Arunco-Salicetum capreae Hadač et al. 1969 ass. prov. (Hadač et al. 1969: p. 259) (Art. 3b) Incl. Filipendulo-Salicetum capreae Hadač et al. 1969 ass. prov. (Art. 3b), Arunco-Salicetum capreae Hadač et al. 1969 em. Šomšak 1986 (Art. 5), Arun-co-Salicetum capreae chrysanthemetosum rotundifolii Šomšak 1986 (Art. 4a), Arunco-Salicetum capreae typicum) (Art. 4a) Nomenclatural type: Hadač et al. (1969), p. 261, rel. 43, lectotype hoc loco. All 18 releves belonging to the association already recorded in Slovakia are presented in the Table 1; the lectotype is marked with asterisk (*). Results of the DCA analysis of the large set of releves from the related vegetation units show marginal position of the 18 studied releves within Figure 3: DCA ordination diagram of 1056 releves shows close position of Arunco-Salicetum capreae (•) to Alnenion glutinoso-incanae (□), within the relevant higher syntaxa: Ad-enostylion (◊), Betulo-Alnetea viridis (■), and Ulmenion (o). Slika 3: DCA ordinacijski diagram 1056 popisov kaže skupen položaj asociacije Arunco-Salicetum capreae (•) do zveze Alnenion glutinoso-incanae (□), znotraj višjih sintaksonov: Adenostylion (◊), Betulo-Alnetea viridis (■) in Ulmenion (o). the alliance Alnenion glutinoso-incanae and transition to the Adenostylion (Figure 3) with larger overlap with the first one. The releves occur in one cluster of the hierarchical clustering together with releves classified within the suballiance Alnenion glutinoso-incanae (Figure 4). The analysis show, that within the suballiance Alnenion gluti-noso-incanae, Alnetum incanae is the most similar association to the Arunco-Salicetum capreae. The closest releves in the dendrogram (Figure 4) are from the lower part of the Belianske Tatry Mts, from the surrounding parts of the Javorina village. Based on the results of hierarchical clustering and DCA analysis, we propose the classification of studied associations within the suballiance Alnenion glutinoso-incanae, and this decision is also supported by the synoptic table (Table 2). Results of hierarchical clustering (Figure 4) show the justifiability of including the association Arunco-Salicetum capreaea into the association Alnetum incanae. The largest similarity between the studied releves and the releves from the association Alnetum incanae in the dendrogram is probably due to the fact that the releves of the association Alnetum incanae originate from the adjacent parts of the Belianske Tatry Mts and therefore might be floristically similar. In the detailed view, there are significant differences in the physiognomy -while stands of the association Arunco-Salicetum capreae never contain tree layer, the stands of the Figure 4: Left segment of the dendrogram of1056 releves used in numerical classification presenting the part with studied releves and next standing association. Dendrogram was made using beta-flexible method with ß = -0.25 and Ružička's coefficient of similarity. A - Arunco-Salicetum capreae, B - association Alnetum incanae from the Belianske Tatry Mts, C - association Alnetum incanae from the other regions of Slovakia. Slika 4: Levi del dendrograma 1056 popisov, ki smo ga uporabili v numerični klasifikaciji predstavlja del obravnavanih popisov in sorodnih asociacij. Dendrogram smo naredili z beta-fleksibilno metodo z ß = -0.25 in koeficientom podobnosti po Ružički. A - Arunco-Salicetum capreae, B - asociacija Alnetum incanae z gorovja Belianske Tatry, C - asociacija Alnetum incanae iz drugih območij na Slovaškem. association Alnetum incanae always contain dense tree layer, dominated by Alnus incana. The considerable differences in the species composition between the associations are presented in the synoptic table (Table 3). Consequently we propose the classification into the suballiance Alnenion glutinoso-incanae, but as an individual association. 4. DISCUSSION Presented study is focused on very rare or neglected type of vegetation, which was yet found just in two small different areas - Dolina Sied-mich pramenov Valley and the alluvium of Hni-lec River, and was so far documented only by 18 releves. These facts make classification of the rel-eves problematic. Authors of the description of the associations, Hadač et al. (1969) and Šomšak (1986) proposed the classification based on the similarity of species composition within the alliance Alnion incanae without more exact classification on the suballiance level. Both authors marked the classification as provisional. Later au- thors of the Lists of vegetation units of Slovakia proposed different classification of association without specific explanation. On the national level, studied associations were ordered into the class Betulo carpaticae-Al-netea viridis in the first List of syntaxonomical units of Slovakia (Mucina & Maglocky 1985). Class Betulo-Alnetea viridis includes subalpine communities of deciduous shrubs. Studied community contains several species typical for this class (Daphne mezereum, Rosapendulina, Salix sile-siaca), and numerous species of the alliance Aden-ostylion, which are frequent in Betulo-Alnetea communities. Also the shrub physiognomy is similar. However, floristic similarity is true only for the releves from the Belianske Tatry Mts. Stands from the Slovenske rudohorie Mts are situated in lower altitudes, from 580 to 810 m a.s.l. and their floristic composition is different (Figure 3, 4). In publication aimed at alpine vegetation of Slovakia (Kliment 2007) author mentioned associations Arunco-Salicetum capreae and Filipendulo-Salicetum capreae in a short comment within chapter concerned with the class Betulo-Alnetea viridis. Author considered inclusion of the associations into the class Betulo-Alnetea viridis as incorrect and proposed to order them following original classification of Hadač et al. (1969) and Šomšak (1986) to the alliance Alnion incanae. In the latest List of vegetation units (Jarol^mek & Šib^k 2008) both associations are classified within the alliance Alnion incanae and the subal-liance Ulmenion. Later, large differences in floristic composition and ecological conditions between mentioned associations and other associations of the suballiance Ulmenion were found within the study focused on syntaxonomical revision of hardwood floodplain forests of Slovakia (Petrašova & Jarol^mek 2012). A great number of typical montane species are present in the communities of the associations, e.g. Aconitum variegatum, Aruncus vulgaris, Chaerophyllum hirsutum, Chrysosplenium alternifolium, Dentaria glandulosa, Epilobium alpes-tre, Gentiana asclepiadea, Prenanthespurpurea, Rosa pendulina, Salix silesiaca. Following the results of numerical classification (hierarchical clustering and DCA analysis) authors proposed exclusion of Filipendulo-Salicetum capreae and Arunco-Salicetum capreae from the suballiance Ulmenion (Petrašova & Jarol^mek 2012). Based on the similarity of shrub layers, classification of the associations within the alliance Sambuco-Salicion might seem like a good solution, but there are many important differences. Communities of Sambuco-Salicion represent suc-cessional stages of forest communities on glades from lowlands to montane altitudes (Jarol^mek et al. 1997). The studied associations never developed to the forest communities and are documented only from higher altitudes (more than 580 m a.sl. in the Slovenske rudohorie Mts and more than 1100 in the Belianske Tatry Mts). Rel-eves of the association Arunco-Salicetum capreae are extremely species rich, herb layer consists of 30-40 species and contains many diagnostic species of Alnion incanae, Adenostylion and Betulo carpaticae-Alnetea viridis, which are not present in the Sambuco-Salicion communities, e.g. Aconitum variegatum, Chrysosplenium alternifolium, Crepis paludosa, Epilobium alpestre, Gentiana asclepiadea, Geranium phaeum, G. sylvaticum, Geum rivale, Lu-zula sylvatica, Ranunculus lanuginosus, Rumex alp-estris, Salix silesiaca, and Veratrum album. our results show the inclusion into the alliance Alnion incanae as correct, but into the suballiance Ulmenion as unsuitable (Fig. 1), as proposed authors in the syntaxonomical revision of the suballiance (Petrašova & Jarol^mek 2012). The synoptic table (Table 2) also shows that diagnostic species of the suballiance Ulmenion are not present in the studied releves. Presented study confirmed the originally suggested classification within the alliance Alnion in-canae (Hadač et al. 1969, Šomšak 1986) and specified the classification into the suballiance level, within the suballiance Alnenion glutinoso-incanae. 5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The study was supported by grant VEGA 0059. Authors thank to Jana Medvecka for english review of manuscript. 6. REFERENCES Braun-Blanquet, J. 1964: Pflanzensoziologie. Grundzüge der Vegetationskunde. Ed. 3, Springer Verlag, Wien. Chytry, M., Tichy, L., Holt, J. & Botta-Dukat, Z. 2002: Determination of diagnostic species with statistical fidelity measures. Journal of Vegetation Science 13: 79-90. Chytry, M., Koč^, M., Šumberova, K., Sadlo, J., Krahulec, F., Hajkova, P., Hajek, M., Hoffmann, A., Blažkova, D., Kučera, T., Novak, J., Rezn^čkovä, M., Cerny, T., Härtel, H. & Simonova, D. 2007: Vegetace Česke republiky, 1. Travinna a kef^čkovä vegetace. 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Filipendulo-Salicetum capreae (Hadač 1969, p. 258); 2. Arunco-Salicetum capreae (Hadač 1969, p. 261) 3. Arunco-Salicetum capreae (Šomšak 1986, Tab. 1); 4. Arunco-Salicetum capreae (Petrašova, Jarolimek 2012, ined.); * nomenclatural type: Hadač (1969), p. 261, rel. 43, lectotype. 1 0 0 0 5 6 7 2 0 0 1 8 9 0 3 11111111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4 0000 1234 Shrub layer EA Salix caprea EA, VP Rubus idaeus VP Picea abies VP, BA Sorbus aucuparia VP Lonicera nigra QF Lonicera xylosteum BA Salix silesiaca RP Populus tremula BA Rosa pendulina ai Alnus incana ss Sambucus racemosa Betula pendula QF Acer pseudoplatanus VP Abies alba AG, MB Frangula alnus Diagnostic taxa of the association Arunco Salicetum capreae Chamerion angustifolium ai Aruncus vulgaris QF Dentaria glandulosa BA Rosa pendulina ss Sambucus racemosa VP Prenanthes purpurea VP, BA Sorbus aucuparia aa Valeriana excelsa ssp. sambucifolia QF Adoxa moschatellina Cimicifuga europaea EA Stachys alpina QF Actaea spicata Diagnostic taxa of the suballiance Alnenion glutinoso-incanae Aegopodium podagraria Athyriumfilix-femina Chaerophyllum hirsutum Stellaria nemorum Luzula sylvatica Silene dioica Ranunculus repens Ranunculus lanuginosus Crepis paludosa Petasites albus 2 1 2 1 2 + . . + . + + + . 1 + . . . 1 . ++ + + . .. + 1 1 + +. 1 1 + . 1 2 + 1 1 12. 1 + + * + 1 + 11 2. ++ 11 + 1 + 11 + 1 . . 1 + 1 . + . . + + . 1 + + .....1 . . . + . . . + . . . + . + + 1 + . r 1 . r r . + + 1 . 11 + 1. . + 1 1 + . . . + + . . 1 1 + .. + .1 +. +. +1 1 + r + .1 .. + 1 1 + + . . .. + 1 1 + 1 1 1 + + 1 1 + + 1 r + 1 1 1 + 1 + + + + 1 + + + + + + 1 + + + 1 1 + + . 2 + 1 + . + . r . + + 1 + . 1 1 1 + . 1 + + 1 1 + + 1 1 1 . + + . . + 1 + . 1 . + 2 . . + . 1 + + + 1 ..11 . . + 1 + 1 + ++ 1 +1 ++ + + 1 .. + + 4 1 F(%) 100 44 44 39 33 33 33 33 28 28 17 17 17 11 6 67 67 50 50 50 44 44 39 33 28 28 22 78 67 56 39 33 33 33 28 28 28 1 + 1 r + r r + + r 1 1 + + + + 1 0 0 0 5 6 7 2 0 0 1 8 9 0 3 11111111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 1 22 + + + + 22 + + 17 + + 11 6 1 6 + 6 4 1 78 4 1 67 + 1 50 + + + 1 50 44 44 39 33 33 28 28 22 22 + + + + 22 17 + 17 + 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 4 + 1 17 + + + 17 11 11 + 11 1 11 6 6 6 + 6 + 6 6 + 1 72 2 + 44 + + 44 + + + 39 + + 33 1 + 33 Cardaminopsis halleri Myosotis scorpioides agg. Thalictrum aquilegiifolium Ranunculus platanifolius Anthriscus nitidus Caltha palustris Glechoma hederacea Diagnostic taxa of the class Querco-Fagetea Asarum europaeum Dryopterisfilix-mas Galeobdolon luteum agg. Galium schultesii Paris quadrifolia Mycelis muralis Epilobium montanum Pulmonaria obscura EA Rubus hirtus s. lat. Lamium maculatum agg. Impatiens noli-tangere Tithymalus amygdaloides Phyteuma spicatum Hylotelephium maximum Bromus benekenii Campanula trachelium Ribes uva-crispa QF Acer pseudoplatanus Mercurialis perennis MB Potentilla erecta Rosa canina agg. MA Campanula patula Lupinus polyphyllus Ribes alpinum Pyrethrum corymbosum Campanula persicifolia Aquilegia vulgaris Poa nemoralis Lunaria rediviva Astrantia major Lilium martagon Viola reichenbachiana Cardamine impatiens Scrophularia nodosa RP Populus tremula Diagnostic taxa of the alliance Adenostylion Gentiana asclepiadea Chrysosplenium alternifolium Geranium phaeum Epilobium alpestre Aconitum variegatum Carduus personata 2 + 2. ++2 2 + + 1 . 2 + . + +++ + 1 1 + 2 + + 1 . .. + + . 1 +++ + 1 + + 2 1 + 2 + . 1 + 1 + + + + + + 1 . + 1 + r + +++ 1 + + 1 + + . . . . 11+ + . r . + . + . . . + . . 1 . . + . . . + + +++++++ + + . . r r . + . + . 2 + + 2 + . 2 + 1 + + r 111 + 11 . 1 . . + + . . + . r . . r + . + h + + + + + + + 2 + + + h + + + 1 + 1 0 0 0 5 6 7 2 3 4 001 11111111 0000 890 12345678 1234 + 1 1 Primula elatior 2 Rumex alpestris 2 Milium effusum . . 1 Veratrum album ssp. lobelianum . . r Geranium sylvaticum Petasites kablikianus Delphinium elatum Cicerbita alpina Petasites hybridus Athyrium distentifolium Diagnostic taxa of the class Betulo-Alnetea viridis Daphne mezereum Salix silesiaca Other taxa EA, VP Rubus idaeus Hypericum maculatum Senecio nemorensis agg. Calamagrostis arundinacea VP Picea abies Filipendula ulmaria Myosotis sylvatica Ajuga reptans Maianthemum bifolium Luzula luzuloides Galeopsis speciosa + + + Urtica dioica . 2 + Oxalis acetosella . . + Fragaria vesca Geum rivale Geranium robertianum Polygonatum verticillatum EA Salix caprea Leucanthemum rotundifolium + + 1 Dactylis glomerata ssp. slovenica + . + Deschampsia cespitosa Alchemilla sp. 2 QF Lonicera xylosteum Heracleum sphondylium Vaccinium myrtillus Tussilago farfara Hylotelephium argutum Chaerophyllum aromaticum Veronica chamaedrys Digitalis grandiflora Cirsium erisithales Lysimachia nummularia Cruciata glabra VP Lonicera nigra Taraxacum sp. .1 .1 ++ .1 .1 .+.+... r +++ 1 + . 1 + + + + + 14 1 1 2 + 1 + + + 1 1 + 2 + . 1 + . + + 2 . 1 1 + 1 . . .. + + . . . 1 + . + . + . 1 11. + . . r 1 . 2+1 + . 2 +. +. +1 1 11 1. ++ .1 ++ .+ ++ 1 + + r 28 28 28 28 28 17 17 11 6 6 44 6 1 + 1 1 + 4 + + 1 83 + + r + + 1 72 + 1 1 r + + + 67 1 + 1 1 + + 1 + 67 + + 1 + + + 61 + + 1 1 56 + + + 56 + + + + + 1 56 + 1 + 1 + 56 + 1 + 1 + + 56 + r + + 50 + 1 + + + 1 50 + + 1 1 1 50 1 + 1 + + 50 + 1 + 44 + + + + + 39 + + + + 39 r + + + 39 33 + + 33 + 1 + + 33 + + 28 + 1 28 + + + 28 r + + + 28 + + 22 22 + 22 r + 22 17 + + 17 + + 17 + 17 1 + 17 + r 17 + + + + r r + + + + + + + + + Maria Petrasova & Ivan JAROL^MEK: Arunco-Salicetum capreae - where is its syntaxonomical position? Taxa present in one or two releves: Abies alba Ei + (8), Agrostis stolonifera + (2), Angelica sylvestris + (2), Arabis alpina + (1), Botrychium lunaria + (5), Calamagrostis varia 1 (8), Cardaminopsis arenosa + (1), Carex sylvatica + (8), Cerinthe alpina ssp. tatrica + (9), Clinopodium vulgare 2 (8), + (10), Corylus avellana E2 r (14), Cruciata laevipes 1 (12), + (17), Deschampsia flexuosa + (13, 17), Dryopteris carthusiana 1 (16), + (18), Erysimum hungaricum 1 (9), Erysimum odoratum + (1), Geum urbanum + (8), Hesperis matronalis ssp. nivea 1 (9), Larix decidua Ei + (2, 8), Lathyruspratensis + (8, 10), Origanum vulgare + (5), Pimpinella major ssp. rubra + (8), Poa trivialis + (4), Ranunculus acris r (11), + (18), Roegneria canina + (1), Rumex obtusifolius + (1), Senecio hercynicus + (3, 4), Solidago virgaurea + (1, 4), Valeriana tripteris 1 (8), Vicia cracca agg. + (1), ^ sepium + (5, 10), ^ sylvatica + (5). Localities of releves (Tab. 1) 1. Belianske Tatry Mts, Dolina siedmich pramenov Valley, longitude 20°16'38.8", latitude 49°13'23.8", ±10 m, 1170 m, JJZ (210°), slope 15°, plot 4x4 m, cover E2 50%, Ei 100%, height E2 3.5 m, Ei 85 cm, 12. 8. 2012, Maria Petrasova, Ivan Jarolimek. 2. Belianske Tatry Mts, Dolina siedmich pramenov Valley, longitude 20°16'40.2", latitude 49°13'20.8", ±30 m, 1167 m, JJZ (193°), slope 10°, plot 4x4 m, cover E2 85%, Ei 90%, height E2 4.5 m, Ei 90 cm, 12. 8. 2012, Maria Petrasova, Ivan Jarolimek. 3. Belianske Tatry Mts, Dolina siedmich pramenov Valley, longitude 20°16'40.0", latitude 49°13'24.5", ±30 m, 1220 m, JJZ (190°), slope 30°, plot 12x5 m, cover E2 80%, Ei 90%, height E2 5 m, Ei 15/90 cm, 13. 8. 2012, Maria Petrasova, Ivan Jarolimek. 4. Belianske Tatry Mts, Dolina siedmich pramenov Valley, longitude 20°16'38.4", latitude 49°13'25.2", ±20 m, 1219 m, JJV (157°), slope 35°, plot 5x10 m, cover E2 30%, Ei 95%, height E2 4.5 m, Ei 15/90 cm, 13. 8. 2012, Maria Petrasova, Ivan Jarolimek. Table 2: Shortened synoptic table with percentage frequency and modified fidelity index phi coefficient. 1 - Ulmenion (359 rel.), 2 - Arunco-Salicetum capreae (18 rel.), 3 - Alnenion glutinoso-incanae (305 rel.), 4 - Adenostylion (315 rel.), 5 - Betulo carpaticae-Alnetea viridis (59 rel.). Tabela 2: Skrajšana sinoptična tabela s frekvenco v odstotkih in modificiranim indeksom navezanosti (phi coefficient). 1 - Ulmenion (359 rel.), 2 - Arunco-Salicetum capreae (18 rel.), 3 - Alnenion glutinoso-incanae (305 rel.), 4 - Adenostylion (315 rel.), 5 - Betulo carpaticae-Alnetea viridis (59 rel.). Syntaxon 1 2 3 4 Layer Diagnostic taxa of the suballiance Ulmenion Ulmus minor T 5872-5 1--- Ulmus minor S 4964.4 2--- Ulmus minor 32523 .--- .--- Rubus caesius 7371.9 16--- 1--- Quercus robur T 5167.4 Quercus robur S 2443.7 1--- Quercus robur 1940.3 .--- Brachypodium sylvaticum QF 6764.5 21--- .--- Cornus sanguinea S 6163.5 15--- Cornus sanguinea 2641.3 5--- Fraxinus angustifolia T 4058.6 .--- Fraxinus angustifolia S 2748.I .--- .--- Fraxinus angustifolia 2142.i Galium aparine 6258.4 26--- Acer campestre QF S 4854.5 .--- 13--- .--- 5 Syntaxon 1 2 3 4 5 Acer campestre QF 4353.4 .--- 10--- .--- Acer campestre QF T 3648.9 .--- 7--- .--- Geum urbanum 6854.1 40--- Populus alba T 3151.6 Populus alba 1332.8 .--- .--- Populus alba S 519.6 .--- Polygonatum latifolium 305».1 Viola odorata 305».1 Circaea lutetiana 4347.0 .--- 18--- .--- Viola reichenbachiana QF 4346.7 6--- 13--- .--- Ligustrum vulgare S 3146.7 4--- Ligustrum vulgare 2642.7 4--- Viola mirabilis 2545.3 .--- 1--- Torilis japonica 2544.5 .--- 1--- .--- Dactylis polygama 3043.9 7--- Crataegus monogyna S 2942.2 .--- 7--- .--- Crataegus monogyna 2341.8 .--- 2--- .--- Ulmus laevis T 214i.5 Ulmus laevis S 1332.4 Ulmus laevis 315.0 .--- .--- Euonymus europaeus QF S 3341.0 .--- 13--- .--- Euonymus europaeus QF 2640.0 7--- Sambucus nigra S 3740.9 19--- Sambucus nigra 1421.5 .--- 10--- .--- Fraxinus excelsior QF T 3240.7 .--- 13--- .--- Fraxinus excelsior QF 2431.3 13--- Fraxinus excelsior QF S 1821.2 1820.4 Aristolochia clematitis 2040.6 .--- .--- Arum alpinum 2140.5 .--- 1--- .--- Pulmonaria officinalis 3440.2 16--- Moehringia trinervia 2138.6 2--- Crataegus laevigata S 2638.2 .--- 8--- .--- Crataegus laevigata 617.3 .--- 2--- .--- Acer tataricum S 1837.9 1--- Acer tataricum 621.2 Alliaria petiolat 3236.3 .--- 18--- 1--- Robinia pseudacacia T 1636.2 .--- .--- Robinia pseudacacia 1028.2 Robinia pseudacacia S 927.4 Galeopsis pubescens 2235.5 .--- 6--- 1--- Humulus lupulus 2034.5 .--- 5--- .--- Viola hirta QF 2131.9 8--- Lapsana communis 2029.1 10--- Tilia cordata T 1128.8 .--- 1--- .--- Tilia cordata S 1027.1 .--- 1--- .--- Tilia cordata 821.8 1--- Ranunculus ficaria 2027.1 13--- Viburnum opulus S 1825.7 .--- 11--- .--- Viburnum opulus 916.3 .--- 7--- .--- Syntaxon 1 2 3 4 5 Campanula trachelium QF 2825.4 17--- 10--- 2--- 2--- Diagnostic taxa of the association Arunco-Saücetum capreae Salix caprea S 10080.8 13--- 25--- Salix caprea 3949.2 8--- 2--- Salix caprea T .--- 1028.3 .--- Aruncus dioicus 6775.7 3--- 1--- Epilobium angustifolium 6767.4 1--- 6--- 8--- Sambucus racemosa 5064.0 3--- Sambucus racemosa S 17--- 63.3 .--- Dentaria glandulosa QF 5059.3 9--- 1--- Prenanthes purpurea QF 4456.3 3--- 2--- 2--- Populus tremula S 2- 3351.2 1--- Populus tremula 45.0 6--- .--- 2--- Populus tremula T 414.8 .--- 2--- .--- Maianthemum bifolium 7--- 5650.6 13--- 1--- 10--- Adoxa moschatellina 3349.1 1--- 4--- Dryopteris filix-mas QF 1- 6747.5 21--- 10--- 27--- Sorbus aucuparia 1--- 4447.3 152.9 3--- 2--- Sorbus aucuparia S 1--- 4426.8 8--- 1--- 5842.7 Sorbus aucuparia T 418.5 Cimicifuga europaea 2847.0 1--- Galeopsis speciosa 11--- 5045.6 205.4 1--- Lonicera nigra S 3344.5 91.2 Lonicera nigra 17--- 1512.5 1--- 8--- Mycelis muralis 4--- 4441.6 2513.7 2--- Galium schultesii QF 1--- 5040.5 14--- 9--- 19--- Hylotelephium maximum 2240.5 1--- 2--- Luzula luzuloides 5640.2 6--- 17--- 3212.1 Myosotis sylvatica 5640.2 5--- 11--- 3920.2 Rubus hirtus s. lat. 1--- 3 3 39.8 159.0 Leucanthemum rotundifolium 3 3 38.2 6--- 123.1 Stachys alpina 2837.7 2--- 8--- Valeriana sambucifolia 3937.2 5--- 11--- 12--- Lonicera xylosteum QF 6--- 2837.1 6--- 1--- Lonicera xylosteum QF S 4--- 3337.1 168.5 Actaea spicata QF 1--- 2236.8 5--- .--- Epilobium montanum 3929.0 13--- 10--- 248.9 Fragaria vesca 7--- 5027.9 23--- 6--- 4219.2 Daphne mezereum 4427.1 253.1 5--- 3616.4 Diagnostic taxa of the suballiance Alnenion glutinoso-incanae Alnus incana T 1--- 6576.2 Alnus incana 3050.7 Alnus incana S 28--- 5047.7 .--- Caltha palustris 2--- 6--- 6569.3 3--- Cardamine amara 3553.6 1--- Cirsium oleraceum 2--- 3451.0 1--- Alnus glutinosa T 11--- .--- 3949.0 .--- Alnus glutinosa S 4--- .--- 1631.2 .--- Alnus glutinosa 3--- 1022.9 Syntaxon 1 2 3 4 5 Petasites hybridus 6- 3246.6 1--- Equisetum palustre 2545.5 .--- Carex remota 10- 3343.i .--- Equisetum sylvaticum 1- 2342.8 Valeriana officinalis 4- 264i.2 1--- Festuca gigantea 20- 3 5 38.5 1--- Dryopteris carthusiana 1- 11- 3137.i 3--- 2--- Lycopus europaeus 5- 2134.9 Myosotis palustris agg. 3- 22- 4534.7 2--- 19--- Lamium maculatum 27- 28- 4125.8 5--- Angelica sylvestris 16- 6- 3433.9 3--- 2--- Lysimachia vulgaris 8- 2233.3 Ranunculus repens 11- 33- 4232.4 1--- Agropyron caninum 8- 6- 2222.3 3--- 7--- Diagnostic taxa of the alliance Adenostylion alliariae Adenostyles alliariae 2--- 8369.4 34--- Ligusticum mutellina 6366.3 14--- Geum montanum 4360.1 2--- Gentiana punctata 4158.3 2--- Festuca picturata 4157.8 2--- Luzula alpinopilosa .--- 3756.9 Athyrium distentifolium 4455.5 2--- Persicaria bistorta 3753.6 2--- Rumex alpestris 28--- 10--- 7150.6 24--- Homogyne alpina .--- 3--- 5148.2 25--- Veratrum album ssp. lobelianum 28--- 9--- 6746.9 25--- Doronicum austriacum 10--- 4846.8 15--- Aconitum napellus 14--- 414i.9 8--- Ranunculus platanifolius 11--- 3--- 4039.2 12--- Avenella flexuosa 3--- 2337.7 2--- Potentilla aurea 1--- 2237.3 3--- Cicerbita alpina 11--- 2--- 3436.3 8--- Diagnostic taxa of the class Betulo carpaticae-Alnetea viridis Salix silesiaca S 337.6 1--- 1--- 9881.2 Salix silesiaca 6--- 33.6 Lathyrus vernus QF 4- .--- 2--- 5968.7 Campanula serrata 11--- 6166.3 Pimpinella major 5- 6--- 1--- 8--- 6463.6 Vicia sylvatica 6--- 4--- 1--- 5662.9 Geranium sylvaticum 28--- 2--- 4714.4 9261.1 Valeriana tripteris 6--- 8--- 11--- 6460.9 Tanacetum clusii 1--- 4460.9 Achillea millefolium .--- 1--- 8--- 5160.7 Festuca carpathica .--- 10--- 5360.6 Vicia cracca 3- 6--- 1--- 5360.4 Sesleria tatrae 5--- 4457.8 Bupleurum longifolium .--- 2--- 4157.3 Laserpitium latifolium .--- 2--- 4157.3 Cortusa matthioli 1--- 7--- 4657.1 Syntaxon 1 2 3 4 5 Ranunculus tuberosus 1- 2--- 4157.i Lilium martagon QF 2--- 4655.9 Crepis mollis .--- 7--- 4455.9 Leucanthemum margaritae 1--- 3654.3 Knautia maxima 2--- 3753.8 Campanula glomerata .--- 1--- 3453.2 Cirsium erisithales 17--- 2--- 8--- 5653.1 Helianthemum grandiflorum s. lat. 1--- 3452.5 Rubus saxatilis 4--- 3651.1 Astrantia major QF 6--- 14--- 11--- 5449.6 Cardamine pratensis 4- .--- 1--- 1--- 3247.3 Luzula sylvatica 33--- 4--- 22--- 6446.0 Galium fatrense 2444.6 Allium victorialis .--- 1--- 1--- 2544.3 Vaccinium myrtillus 28--- 8--- 15--- 5843.8 Phyteuma orbiculare 2--- 2543.5 Saxifraga paniculata 3--- 2542.8 Cotoneaster integerrimus .--- .--- 2041.2 Lotus corniculatus 1- .--- 1--- 2039.9 Cardaminopsis arenosa 6--- 6--- 3139.3 Silene vulgaris 2- 3--- 2439.1 Heracleum sphondylium 19- 28--- 18--- 22--- 6638.5 Solidago virgaurea 1- 11--- 3--- 2210.1 3731.8 Phleum hirsutum 2--- 2038.1 Scabiosa lucida 4--- 2036.2 Vaccinium vitis-idaea .--- 3--- 1--- 2036.1 Poa nemoralis 11- 11--- 16--- 8--- 4635.3 Calamagrostis varia 6--- 1--- 5--- 2432.8 Saxifraga rotundifolia 119.0 2231.0 Melica nutans QF 9- .--- 6--- 2--- 2530.8 Digitalis grandiflora 17--- 5--- 5--- 3130.3 Euphorbia amygdaloides QF 1- 22--- 14--- 2--- 3629.5 Primula elatior QF 28--- 409.9 28--- 5829.4 Dryopteris dilatata .--- 4--- 104.7 2229.1 Polygonatum verticillatum 1--- 3921.7 13--- 10--- 4428.0 Taxa common to the association Arunco-Salicetum capreae and suballiance Alnenion glutinoso-incanae Filipendula ulmaria 4- 56--- 6336.5 20--- Rubus idaeus s .--- 4457.7 5--- Rubus idaeus 1--- 834i.2 6017.6 23--- 46--- Asarum europaeum QF 3--- 7849.7 5020.0 25--- Aegopodium podagraria 33--- 7844.8 6228.2 Athyrium filix-femina 2--- 674i.6 4922.4 22--- Picea abies 6155.5 2914.2 Picea abies S .--- 44--- 4434.1 .--- Picea abies T .--- .--- 3926.4 .--- 5445.5 Chaerophyllum hirsutum 1--- 56--- 6334.3 29--- 8--- Galeobdolon luteum agg. QF 2--- 5037.5 3923.8 7--- 2--- Oxalis acetosella 1--- 50--- 5533.3 15--- 8--- Geranium phaeum 4441.3 2817.6 3--- Syntaxon 1 2 3 4 5 Chrysosplenium alternifolium 44--- 4731.0 12--- 3--- Impatiens noli-tangere 6--- 28--- 6052.7 1--- Ranunculus lanuginosus 28--- 4439.6 3--- 2--- Crepis paludosa 1--- 28--- 4026.6 9--- 19--- Taxa common to the association Arunco-Salicetum capreae and class Betulo carpaticae-Alnetea viridis Rosa pendulina S 2845.8 2--- .--- Rosa pendulina 5034.8 4--- 3--- 5135.8 Gentiana asclepiadea 7242.9 18--- 25--- 4614.6 Calamagrostis arundinacea 6740.5 9--- 8--- 6438.1 Hypericum maculatum 7231.3 6--- 431.1 8645.7 Senecio nemorensis agg. 3929.1 8--- 11--- 2713.5 Paris quadrifolia QF 8--- 4426.6 20--- 6--- 3211.9 Aconitum variegatum 3325.1 5--- 6--- 3223.5 Diagnostic taxa of the class Querco-Fagetea Convallaria majalis 4538.0 1--- 1--- 3727.5 Glechoma hederacea 4838.0 6--- 3824.9 1--- Stachys sylvatica 4732.7 .--- 5643.0 1--- Carex sylvatica 3125.6 6--- 3024.5 1--- Polygonatum multiflorum 1924.3 8--- 7--- Scrophularia nodosa 1923.1 6--- 10--- 1--- Carpinus betulus T 1322.3 .--- 8--- .--- Carpinus betulus S 1016.6 9--- Carpinus betulus 7--- 915.4 Corydalis cava 821.5 .--- 1--- .--- 2--- Corylus avellana S 2419.9 6--- 2724.5 .--- Corylus avellana 6--- 8--- 3--- Galium odoratum 1419.4 10--- 2--- Fallopia dumetorum 518.6 .--- 1--- .--- Quercus petraea 417.1 Quercus petraea T 314.5 1--- Anemone ranunculoides 1115.0 .--- 1115.2 .--- 2--- Milium effusum 15--- 28--- 21--- 4823.4 24--- Acer pseudoplatanus T 8--- 1110.1 14--- Acer pseudoplatanus 7--- 17--- 2018.3 3--- Acer pseudoplatanus S 6--- 17--- 1413.0 1--- Cardamine impatiens 8--- 6--- 1214.7 1--- Acer platanoides 412.6 2--- Acer platanoides S 3--- 2--- Acer platanoides T 314.2 .--- .--- Prunus avium T 313.5 .--- 1--- .--- Prunus avium 1--- 1--- Prunus avium S 1--- 3--- Ulmus glabra S 2--- .--- 515.0 .--- Ulmus glabra 1--- .--- 2--- .--- Ulmus glabra T 1--- 414.6 Isopyrum thalictroides 2--- 2--- 1530.2 Salvia glutinosa 2--- .--- 1329.5 1--- Sanicula europaea 1--- .--- 413.9 1--- Dentaria bulbifera 1--- 417.7 Maria Petrasova & Ivan JAROL^MEK: Arunco-Salicetum capreae - where is its syntaxonomical position? Syntaxon 1 2 3 4 5 Hordelymus europaeus 1--- 1--- Ribes alpinum 1730.2 .--- 5--- Ribes alpinum S .--- 314.5 .--- Campanula persicifolia 1129.5 1--- Phyteuma spicatum 22--- 7--- 184.4 2918.8 Lunaria rediviva 11--- 1--- 1--- Mercurialis perennis 6--- 1625.4 3--- Stellaria holostea 723.1 Fagus sylvatica S 621.9 Fagus sylvatica T .--- 520.6 .--- Fagus sylvatica .--- 618.0 1--- 2--- Lysimachia nemorum 520.6 Veronica montana 315.4 Euphorbia dulcis .--- 213.6 .--- Dentaria enneaphyllos .--- 28.4 .--- 2--- Melittis melissophyllum 1433.4 Other taxa Urtica dioica 567.9 50--- 7729.3 14--- 42--- Geranium robertianum 4217.8 39--- 4521.4 5--- Lysimachia nummularia 3119.» 17--- 3525.4 Ajuga reptans 26--- 56--- 5025.0 2--- 3--- Deschampsia cespitosa 19--- 33--- 5223.1 24--- 24--- Clinopodium vulgare 8--- 11--- 1--- 4--- 2222.0 Veronica chamaedrys 5--- 22--- 7--- 4--- 5--- Vicia sepium 4--- 11--- 1--- 5--- 2223.7 Carduus personata 4--- 33--- 2311.9 10--- 2--- Geum rivale 44--- 4012.9 20--- 3911.4 Stellaria nemorum 1--- 39--- 5130.0 25--- 8--- Epilobium alpestre 3929.1 192.7 2713.5 Silene dioica 1--- 33--- 12--- 4026.7 10--- Dactylis glomerata 33--- 196.5 9--- 10--- Pulmonaria obscura 1--- 33--- 176.2 4--- 10--- Senecio fuchsii 28--- 3922.4 5--- 3214.0 Petasites albus 28--- 2015.7 3--- Tussilago farfara 22--- 81.6 1--- 3--- Chaerophyllum aromaticum 22--- 1918.3 1--- 2--- Hylotelephium argutum 22--- 2--- 106.5 Cardaminopsis halleri 22--- 1--- 106.7 Thalictrum aquilegiifolium 17--- 192.1 191.3 3421.2 Senecio subalpinus 8--- 2424.3 17--- Calamagrostis villosa .--- 5--- 5239.4 4429.8 Soldanella carpatica .--- 4741.0 3625.7 Viola biflora 1--- 4635.5 4634.7 Taxa occurred with frequency < 20 in one or two columns 139 22 154 90 68--- Table 3: Comparison of the most similar communities displayed in dendrogram (Fig. 4, cluster A, B). A - Arunco-Salicetum capreae (18 rel.), B - Alnetum incanae (from the Tatranska Javorina, 8 rel.). Tabela 3: Primerjava najbolj podobnih združb, prikazanih v dendrogramu (Slika 4, klaster A, B). A - Arunco-Salicetum capreae (18 popisov), B - Alnetum incanae (iz Tatranske Javorine, 8 popisov). Syntaxon A B 10067.4 38-- 78--- 25-- 72--- 12-- 67--- 56--- .-- 56--- .-- 50--- 28--- 50--- .-- 50--- 12-- 50--- 12-- 50--- 12-- 39--- .-- 39--- .-- 33--- 33--- 33--- .-- 6--- .-- 33--- 28--- 33--- .-- 28--- .-- 28--- 28--- 22--- .-- 22--- .-- 22--- 17--- Differential taxa of the association Arunco-Salicetum capreae Salix caprea Asarum europaeum Hypericum maculatum Epilobium angustifolium Luzula luzuloides Ajuga reptans Rosa pendulina Rosa pendulina Dentaria glandulosa Galeobdolon luteum agg. Galium schultesii Galeopsis speciosa Epilobium montanum Epilobium alpestre Salix silesiaca Rubus hirtus s. lat. Populus tremula Populus tremula Lonicera xylosteum Lonicera xylosteum Adoxa moschatellina Geranium sylvaticum Stachys alpina Cimicifuga europaea Actaea spicata Euphorbia amygdaloides Hylotelephium maximum Sambucus racemosa Differential taxa of the association Alnetum incanae Alnus incana Alnus incana Alnus incana Urtica dioica Geum rivale Deschampsia cespitosa Petasites hybridus Carduus personata Agropyron caninum Primula elatior Anthriscus nitidus Leucanthemum rotundifolium Valeriana sambucifolia Layer S T S 28---50--- 44---33---6---33--- 28---6---33---39--- 100100.0 75---7577.5 100---100---100---10094.6 88---8882.1 88---8882.1 75---75--- S S Syntaxon A B Lamium maculatum 28--- 75--- Astrantia major 6--- 7570.8 Caltha palustris 6--- 62--- Angelica sylvestris 50--- Adenostyles alliariae 50--- Equisetum palustre .--- 25--- Cardamine amara .--- 25--- Cirsium oleraceum 25--- Equisetum sylvaticum 25--- Diagnostic taxa of the suballiance Alnenion glutinoso-incanae Rubus idaeus 83--- 100--- Aegopodium podagraria 78--- 62--- Athyriumfilix-femina 67--- 50--- Filipendula ulmaria 56--- 75--- Chaerophyllum hirsutum 56--- 38--- Ranunculus repens 33--- 25--- Crepis paludosa 28--- 75--- Ranunculus lanuginosus 28--- 62--- Impatiens noli-tangere 28--- 62--- Myosotis palustris agg. 22--- 25--- Dryopteris carthusiana 11--- 25--- Diagnostic taxa of the class Querco-Fagetea Milium effusum 28--- 75--- Phyteuma spicatum 22--- 12--- Acer pseudoplatanus T .--- 25--- Acer pseudoplatanus S 17--- 38--- Acer pseudoplatanus 17--- 75--- Campanula trachelium 17--- 12--- Ribes alpinum 17--- Campanula persicifolia 11--- Lunaria rediviva 11--- .--- Carex sylvatica 6--- 25--- Cardamine impatiens 6--- 12--- Mercurialis perennis 6--- 12--- Glechoma hederacea 6--- .--- Scrophularia nodosa 6--- .--- Corylus avellana S 6--- Fagus sylvatica S 12--- Stachys sylvatica .--- 12--- Acer platanoides .--- 12--- Veronica montana 12--- Other taxa Gentiana asclepiadea 72--- 50--- Calamagrostis arundinacea 67--- 38--- Aruncus dioicus 67--- 25--- Dryopteris filix-mas 67--- 12--- Picea abies 61--- 75--- Maianthemum bifolium 56--- 25--- Myosotis sylvatica 56--- 50--- Syntaxon A B Oxalis acetosella 50--- 75--- Sambucus racemosa 50--- 12--- Fragaria vesca 50--- 12--- Rubus idaeus S 44--- Sorbus aucuparia 44--- 25--- Mycelis muralis 44--- 38--- Prenanthes purpurea 44--- 12--- Picea abies S 44--- 62--- Geranium phaeum 44--- 50--- Paris quadrifolia 44--- 50--- Daphne mezereum 44--- 38--- Chrysosplenium alternifolium 44--- 62--- Sorbus aucuparia S 44--- 12--- Salix caprea 39--- 38--- Polygonatum verticillatum 39--- 50--- Geranium robertianum 39--- 62--- Stellaria nemorum 39--- 88--- Senecio nemorensis agg. 39--- 88--- Dactylis glomerata agg. 33--- 75--- Lonicera nigra S 33--- 50--- Pulmonaria obscura 33--- 12--- Aconitum variegatum 33--- 50--- Silene dioica 33--- 25--- Luzula sylvatica 33--- 50--- Rumex alpestris 28--- 62--- Veratrum album ssp. lobelianum 28--- 25--- Heracleum sphondylium 28--- 50--- Vaccinium myrtillus 28--- Petasites albus 28--- Senecio fuchsii 28--- .--- Veronica chamaedrys 22--- Tussilago farfara 22--- Chaerophyllum aromaticum 22--- .--- Cardaminopsis halleri 22--- .--- Hylotelephium argutum 22--- 38--- Lonicera nigra 17--- 50--- Cirsium erisithales 17--- 38--- Thalictrum aquilegiifolium 17--- 25--- Ribes uva-crispa 17--- 25--- Poa nemoralis 11--- 25--- Rumex obtusifolius 6--- 38--- Valeriana tripteris 6--- 38--- Senecio subalpinus 38--- Mentha longifolia 38--- Picea abies T .--- 25--- Streptopus amplexifolius .--- 25--- Prunella vulgaris 25--- Dryopteris dilatata 25--- Taxa occurred with frequency < 20 in one or two columns 38 23