^Mp M ^MpHwe BpeMeHa: 06 ogHOM CMMBone b «CnoBe o nonKy MropeBe» Koncmanmun Paxno This article deals with one symbolic concept in the Tale of Igor's Campaign - fat and gold. Fat, which Prince Igor let sink to the bottom of the Kayala, was not simply an abundance, and the fat times, scared away by the Maiden Wrong, were not just the rich ones. They are connected with the Iranian mythological beliefs. The Ossetians believed that the earth used to secrete a certain peculiar nutritious fat far in the past, but these blessed times came to the end because of some events and the activities of certain epic heroes. Such ideas are reflected in the Ossetic Nart epos and superstitions. Their traces are present in the Ruthenian chronicles. The falcon symbols of the poem also have Iranian roots and are connected with the notions of royal khvarenah among the Scythians and other Iranian peoples. Keywords: the Tale of Igor's Campaign, Kievan Rus, Slavic mythology, Ossetian mythology, Nart epos, shamanism, Iranian substratum, khvarenah, fat, falcons. Cpegu «TeMHbix» MecT «CnoBa o nonKy MropeBe», uMero^ux HecoMHeHHoe oTHomeHMe k cnaBAHcKoM Mu^onoruu, ecTb ogHo, KoTopoe, HecMoTpa Ha BHemHroro noHATHocTb Been neKcuKu, npogon:aeT ocraBaTbca 3aragoHHbiM. Coo6^aeTca, hto, y3HaB o nopa:eHMM noxoga Ha nonoB^B, HeM^i, BeHe^MaH^bI, rpeKu u MopaBaHe nommt cnaey Cenm^cnaenm, Kammt KHH3H M^opH, UMe no^py3u Mupt eo dHn> Kannu pn>KU nonoee^un, pycKa^o 3nama Hacunama (CnoBo 1950, 18, 22, 42). Hto ^To 3a «cup^», KaKoe oTHomeHMe oh uMeeT k KHH3ro Mropro, noHeMy ^TOMy «:upy» HaHeceH y^ep6 BcnegcTBue pa3rpoMa MropeBbix nonKoB, oTHero 3a ^TO cne-gyeT nopu^Tb ga 6paHMTb, oTKpoBeHHo HenoHATHo. npu nonbiTKe o6^HCHMTb ^TO Bbipa:eHue uccnegoBaTenu noaMH cununucb MCTonKoBaTb ero Hau6onee pa^MOHanb-HbM o6pa3oM u HenpeMeHHo yBA3aTb c BenuKopyccKMMu guaneKTaMM, KaK npaBuno, ceBepHHMM. noHMMaa, hto no cMHcny oho o3HaHaeT 6oraTCTBo, M3o6unue, m36htok, yneHbie npu6eranu k neKoBeKoMy :up '6onbmoe KonuHecTBo, MHo:ecTBo Hero-nu6o', apxaHrenbCKoMy u BonorogcKoMy :upa 'xopomee :uTbe, goBonbCTBo; 3a:uToHHocTb, goMoBMTocTb, xo3amctbo; goM co BceMu :uBoTaMu u uMy^ecTBoM', :upoBa MMy^ecTBo', guaneKTHoMy :upymKa ':u3Hb' u3 cBage6Hbix neceH (BycnaeB 1861, 96; TuxoHpaBoB 1866, 55; BapcoB 1889, 268-270; HepHoB 2006, 206; WroB 1975, 164-165). flonycKaa 93 ®Mp m ^MpHbie BpeMeHa: o6 ogHOM CMMBone b «CflOBe o nojiKy MropeBe» annro3uu Ha TBopnecrBo BoHHa, «»upi» mhuhu MupoM u 6narogeHcrBueM b cTapbie BpeMeHa (Hukutuh 1978, 131; Hukutuh 1985, 256-258), »epTBOM (Keenan 2003, 284), cnacTbeM u gonen (noTe6HH 1914, 78). TaK »e, onupaacb Ha coBpeMeHHbie BenuKopyccKue nocnoBu^i, cnoBo «»upi» TonKOBanu KaK go6biny, gocraTOK, 6oraTCTBo, a ynoMuHaHue o pyccKOM 3onoTe - KaK MapruHanbHyro rnoccy, no3gHenmyro u omu6oHHyro, TaK KaK MropeBa gpy»uHa pa3MeTana u noTonuna Ha nepenpaBe npu oTCTynneHuu He pyccKoe 3onoTo, a ^onoBe^Kyro go6bmy (HapuH 1977, 140-141). BnponeM, TonKOBaHue »upa KaK gocraTKa, 6oraTCTBa mo^ho 6bino 6bi c HaTH»KOM gonycTuTb, xoth 6bi noTOMy, hto b yKpauHCKOM H3biKe To»e uMeeTcH pogcrBeHHbiM u 6nu3Kun no 3HaneHuro rnaron »upyBaTu (TKan 2008, 212) c neTonucHbiMu cooTBeTCT-buhmu, ho TaKOMy noHuMaHuro b KopHe npoTuBopenuT ynoMHHyToe b gpyroM Mecre nosMH noHHTue «»upHH BpeMeHa», u3 KOToporo HBcTByeT, hto pe^b Bcë »e ugëT o no-hhtuu »up 'TyK, cano, BopBaHb'. ^upbHt HeB03M0»H0 TonKOBaTb uHane, neM 'TyHHbiM, o6unbHHM »upoM, canoM, MacnoM, Bonororo'. CaMu cTpoKu, oTHoca^uecfl k npegKy Mropa, TMyTopoKaHcKOMy, HepHuroBcKOMy u HOBropog-ceBepcKOMy khh3k> Onery Cbh-TocnaBuny, KOTopbm 3gecb Ha3biBaeTCH noTOMKOM ConH^-fla»gb6ora, To»e BecbMa npuMenaTenbHH b oTHomeHuu o6pa3HocTu: Btcmana 06uda bk cunaxK fíaMb6owa BHyKa, Bcmynuna dn>Bom Ha 3eMnm TpoHHW, BKcnnecKana ne6eduHUMU Kpunu Ha CuHeMb Mopn y ffoHy nnem,ynu, ynydu MupHH BpeMeHa, yco6uw KHH3eMb Ha no^aHUH no^u6e (CnoBo 1950, 17, 19, 40-41). Bo3HuKaeT 3 aKOHOMepHbiM Bonpoc, o KaKOM cBepx^HHOM »upe ugëT peHb u noneMy HeKue BpeMeHa, K0He^ KOTopbiM nono»unu, cnyrHyB ux, Me»gyKHH»ecKue yco6u^i, xapaKTepu3yroTcH KaK «»upHH». Mx nbiTanucb o6iHcHuTb KaK BpeMH caMoynpaBcTBa, HacunuH (fly6eHcKun 1844, 111), ropbKyro, cKop6Hyro (Keenan 2003, 275-276) unu, Hao6opoT, 6oraTyro, o6unbHyro, 6narononyHHyro ^^oxy goBonbcTBa (ronoBuH 1846, 45; TuxoHpaBOB 1866, 55; TpymeBcbKun 1993, t. II, 176; MaHH 2009, 47), ho ^T0 onHTb-TaKu goragKu 6e3 oco6om apryMeHTa^uu u cTpeMneHue npunucaTb Heo6xoguMyro ceMaH-TuKy, b to BpeMH KaK KOHTeKcT HBHo Mu^onoruneH. Oh HanpHMyro cBH3aH c HeKuMu HenoHHTHbiMu gnH Hac MU^o^o^TUHecKUMU npegcTaBneHuHMu. nocKonbKy fleBa O6uga y»e conocTaBnanacb c ocKop6nëHHon geBymKOM u3 Ha-pTOBcKoro ^^oca, npu3BaBmen cMepTb Ha ronoBy conapHoro buth3h CocnaHa, a o6o3Ha-neHue HëpHoro MopH Cuhum npu3HaHo KanbKOM c ogHoro u3 upaHcKux h3hkob, cKopee Bcero, cku^ckoto unu capMaTcKoro (PaxHo 2014, 102, 110), to BnonHe noru^Ho noucKaTb cooTBeTCTBua ^TUx yTpaTuBmux HbiHe cBoë 3HaneHue KOH^nTOB b upaHcKOM u, mupe, b uHgoupaHcKOM Tpagu^uu. Ba»Hoe Mecro b ^T0M noucKe npuHagne»uT HapogHOMy TBopnecTBy oceTuH, ABnaro^uxca npHMHMu noTOMKaMu cku^ob, capMaTOB u anaH. fleno b TOM, HTO, no oceTuHcKuM HapogHbiM BO33peHuHM, KopMunu^-3eMna, Hanogo6ue Maco-MonoHHbix npogyKTOB, cogep»uT b ce6e »up. ^T0 npegcTaBneHue o »upHocTu 3eMnu u3naraeTcH b oceTuHcKOM HapTOBcKOM u gapeg3aHOBcKOM ^^oce u M0»eT cnuTaTbcH oneHb gpeBHuM, M0»eT 6biTb, ga»e othoch^umch k npauHgoeBpo-nencKOM ^^oxe. Hapra BocKpecunu cnenoro BenuKaHa, b Ta3OBOM unu nneneBOM koctu ohu cnynaMHo 3aHoneBanu. O»uBnëHHbiM BenuKaH o6nagaeT Heo6biqaMHOM cunoM, oh 94 KoHcmaHmuH PaxHO :«un b go-HapToBCKyro ^^oxy u He 3HaeT 3eMnegenuH u orHH. McnonuH cnpamuBaeT CocnaHa nu6o BaTpa3a, neM nuTaroTCH HHHemHHe nrogu, u paccKa3HBaeT eMy, hto ohu nuTanucb ^upoM 3eMnu. HeKorga TaKOM nuTaTenbHbrn ^up 6un u3 3eMnu crpyen. flanee oh BbigaBnuBaeT b pyKu reporo u3 3eMnu ^TOT ^up, u CocnaH HaegaeTCH TaK, 6ygTo noen ^upHoro MHca. BenuKaH ^e 3aKnronaeT, hto Tenepb tot Mo^eT Hulero He ecTb ^nyro Hegenro, TonbKo pa3Be nonuTb Bogbi. 3axBaTuB pyKaMu 3eMnro, ruraHTbi Mornu BbmaTb u3 Hee ^TOT MacnHHucTHM ^up. Bbin y hux u xne6, TaKoM, hto c gByMH xne6aMu nrogu Mornu nyTemecTBoBaTb u KopMuTbCH nerape MecH^. y3HaB, hto Mup y^e He tot, nrogu u3Menb^anu ^u3unecKu u HpaBCTBeHHo, HaynuBmucb ronuTb, o6MaHHBaTb, He raymaroTCH gypHHX nocTynKoB, a 6narogaTb ucne3na, BenuKaH npegnonuTaeT CMepTb HHHemHen ^u3Hu. ^To npegaHue, ^yH^uoHanbHo cooTBeTCTByro^ee pa3nuHHbiM BapuaHTaM MupoBoro KaTaKnu3Ma, u3BecTHo u y cocegen oceTuH (HapTH Kagg^HT® 2004, 461-469; HapTH 1989, 451-455; flanraT 1969, 123, 137-138; flanraT 1972, 90-91, 137, 273-275; flanraT 1988, 79; nepuoguqecKaH 1981, 262-264; fl3u^^0HTH 2003, 130-131; MeneTuHCKun 2004, 165; ManbcaroB 1970, 51, 55; TpecKoB 1963, 51; flaxKunbroB 2012, 68, 460, 564-565). K MoTuBy HaxogKu 6oraTbipHMu KocTHKa BenuKaHa uMeroTCH KaK BocToHHoeBponencKue, TaK u ^HTpanbHoa3uaTCKue napannenu (Munnep 1891, 180-181; neTpoB 2013, 211). 0eÜH6ep^ MeoHud. BenuKaH noKa3ueaem Hapmy Mup 3eMnu. rpaewpa. 1959. 95 ®Mp u ^MpHbie BpeMeHa: 06 ogHOM cmmboto b «CnoBe o nojrey MropeBe» B HeKoTopbix oceTMHCKMX cKa3aHuax ^Ta TeMa 6bina npu6nu:«eHa k M0TMBy HapymeHua ceMenHon Mopanu. ^T0 paccKa3 06 yro^eHuu MaTepbro HapTOB CaTaHon cbomx HeTbipex rocTen, K0T0pbiM 0Ha cgenana nerape ToHKue nenemKu. Ddctm cnepBa pemunu, hto m ecrb ux He cTouT, Bce paBHo ronoga He yTonaT. Ho Korga ohm Bce-TaKM cranu ecrb ux, oKa3anocb, hto 6onbme ogHon nenemKu BceM HerapeM He ogoneTb. Ohm yguBunucb u cnpocunu xo3AMKy, b neM npunuHa chtoctm. CaTaHa o6rbflcHuna, hto nenemKu cogep^aT gpeBHee u3o6unue. y Hee 6bin ^up e^e Tex BpeMeH, Korga pe^b HeBecTKu He 6bina cnnmHa go ^epgu Hag onaroM, Ha KoTopon cymunu ^up. A aweHb 6bin TaKon, hto bo BTopHMK ero ceanu, b cpegy y6upanu, b neTBepr MonoTunu, a b boc-KpeceHbe Mononu. TaKMM o6pa3oM, npuHMH0M ucHe3H0BeHMH M3o6unufl b cKa3aHuu npu3HaBanucb HapymeHua o6biHaa, 3anpe^aBmero HeBecTKe roBopuTb rpoMKo npu My^HMHax, npu cTapmux (MaMueBa 1971, 113-114; A6aeBa 1969, 386-387; A6aeBa 1978, 106-107). KpoMe Toro, 6binu u gpyrue npuHMHbi yTpaTbi M3o6unufl, TaK, HanpuMep, rp030B0M repon BaTpa3 y6un o^a Xne6Horo gyxa Bop-xyap-anu, u b HaKa3aHue tot ceMb neT He gaBan npou3pacTu y HapToB HMKaKoMy 3naKy (Munnep 1881, 149; flK>Me3unb 1976, 61). TaKMM o6pa3oM 3gecb, KaK u b m^Me, HanunecreyeT motmb onpegeneHHon gaBHumHen ^^oxM, K0T0paa xapaKTepu3oBanacb HanunueM HeKoero nygecHoro ^upa m no onpegeneHHbiM BHemHMM npunuHaM npepBanacb. Pa3MTenbHHe cooTBeTCTBMfl MMeroTca TaK^e b Ha^M0HanbHbIX Bepcuax HapToBCKoro ^^oca, rge nocne po:«geHMfl Toro unu MHoro repoa ucqe3aeT 3eMHaa 6narogaTb, Bbipa-^aro^anca rnaBHbiM o6pa3oM b M3o6unuM u bhcokom KanecrBe Bcero cy^ero - nrogen, ^mbothhx, pacreHun u Bcero nponero (flK>Me3unb 1990, 18; flK>Me3unb 1976, 61). B HeKo-Topbx npegaHuax, nonepnHyrbix y oceTMH u, HecoMHeHHo, MMero^ux ^cxaTono^MHecKMH xapaKTep, HeBonbHbiM bmhobhmkom ucHe3H0BeHMH cen 3eMHon 6narogaTM aBnanca XaMHM naTap3, to ecTb oceTMHcKMH repon BaTpa3, cbiH XaMb^a. C ero noaBneHueM Ha cBeT ocKygena 3eMna, K0T0paa npe^ge 6bina HacTonbKo ^upHon, hto m3 Hee npu naxoTe mo^ho 6bino BbigaBnuBaTb Macno. nocne ero po:«geHMfl ^T0 npeKpaTunocb. B ogHoM M3 cKa3aHun XaMHM naTap3, oTBegaB cbiTHoro KymaHba M3 Manoro KonunecrBa Maca m MyKM, oTcraBmuxca ot 6narogaTHbix BpeMeH, u y3HaB ot npecTapenon BgoBbi o tom, hto MMeHHo oh aBnaeTca npuHMHoM HecnacTba Bcero nenoBenecTBa, 6e3ycnem-ho nonbiTanca noKoHHMTb c co6on (ManbcaroB 1991, 199; ManbcaroB 1969, 269-270; ManbcaroB 1991a, 581; flanraT 1972, 156-157, 301-302; flaxKunbroB 2012, 199, 563-564). B nponux BapuaHTax 3auMcTB0BaHHbix cKa3aHun npeKpa^eHue 3eMHon 6naro-gaTM HenocpegcTBeHHo cBa3biBaeTca c noaBneHueM Ha 3eMne npoKnuHaeMoro BceMM nneMeHM HapT-opcrxo^eB bo rnaBe c CecKon Concon, to ecTb oceTMHcKMM conHeHHbiM repoeM CocnaHoM, rpa6uBmux u y6uBaBmux nrogen, npuBegmux Hapog k pa3opeHMK>. Ohm cnuTanucb ogHMMM M3 gpeBHenmux HacenbHMK0B b ceBepoKaBKa3cKux ropax. no cBegeHuaM, coo6^aeMbiM ^onbKnopucTaMu, Hapra ^unu 3a gBag^Tb noKoneHun go coBpeMeHHHX nrogen. Torga ^e ^unu u gpyrue nereHgapHbie Hapogbi. 3eMna b to BpeMa 6bina HacTonbKo M306unbH0M, hto B3HB komok ee b pyKy, mo^ho 6bino BbmaTb Kannro Macna, a pe6pa 6bKa XBaTano Ha to, hto6h HaKopMMTb ^enoe bomcko. C noaBneHueM HapToB, pa3opuBmux 6narogaTHHM Kpan cbommm no ctohhhhmm Ha6eraMM u rpa6e^aMM, Bce ^T0 M3o6unue ucne3no. Ecnu paHbme b npupoge Boo6^e He cy^ecTBoBano BeTpoB, to c noaBneHueM HapToB ohm B03HMKnu u 3agynu Ha 3eMne, npunuHHH 6egcTBua. B cbh3m c ^TMM b page cKa3aHun 0pcTX0H^H MMeHyroTca He MHane KaK «HapT0BcKMM ot-pogbeM», «BparaMM nrogen». 06hhho HeHacHTHHe, HapTH Haenucb gocHTa KycoHKoM 96 KoHcmaHmuH PaxHO gpeBHero Maca u u3:«apeHHbiMu Ha cane nenémKaMu u3 MyKu ypo^aa, K0T0pbiM Bbipoc go ux noflBneHua Ha cBeTe, u ycnbixanu npoKnflTua b cbom agpec ot yrocTuBmen ux BgoBbi-crapyxu. ConapHbiM repon Ta:«eno nepe:«uBan tot ^aKT, hto oh flBnancfl bu-hobhukom cno^uBmenca cuTya^uu (M[anbcaroBj 1991, 199; TpecKoB 1963, 148-149; flanraT 1972, 122, 124-125, 329-333, 337, 433; ManbcaroB 1970, 137; Ko6braeB 1985, 27; flaxKunbTOB 2012, 368-369, 564; ^yroBoñ 2013, 59-60; Gamzatov 1992, 75). B gpyrux Ha^uoHanbHHx Bepcuax ^^oca roBopuTca, hto c noaBneHueM (b gpyrux BapuaHTax -BocKpemeHueM) CocpyKo ucne3 ^up 3eMnu, a BMecTe c hum u3o6unue, nnogopogue, 6narogaTb. Hapra y3Hanu o6 ^T0M cnynaMHo, nonaB b rocTu k oguHoKoñ 6ecn0M0^H0M cTapymKe u3 gpeBHero 6o:«ecTBeHHoro poga, K0T0paa HacbiTuna ux o6unbHbiM o6egoM u3 ropcTu cTapuHHoro npoca u Kyco^Ka BaneHoro Maca, 3aroToBneHHoro e^é go ux no-HBneHuH. OHa pacTonana 6paHb u npoKnflTua b agpec qyBcTByro^ero ce6a BuHoBaTbiM u cTpagaro^ero conHe^Horo BouHa (TpecKoB 1963, 146-147; Mu^aeB 2002, 65, 76-77; M3 agbircKoro 1987, 62-63; Ka6apguHcKun 1936, 8, 31, 580). Bo Bcex ^Tux cro^eTax, ot-cHnaro^MM k ynpéKaM khh3k> Mropro co cTopoHbi npegcTaBuTenen coro3Hbix HapogoB, oneBugHa TeMa ^cxaT0n0^uHecK0M KaTacTpo^bi, oTHecéHHon b ganeKoe npomnoe, hto numb nognepKuBaeT ^uKnuHH0CTb pa3BopaHuBaro^eMca BpeMeHHon nepcneKTuBbi. ^T0T motub b m^Me 0T3biBaeTca TaK^e b ynoMuHaHuu o noaBneHuu b PyccKon 3eMne nonoB^B, y6uBaBmux u rpa6uBmux MupHoe HaceneHue. K T0My ^e, uMeHHo c nony-6o^ecTBeHHHM conapHbiM BuTH3eM CocnaHoM (CocpyKo) npocne^uBaeTca napannenb y ynacTHuKa yco6u^ Onera CBHTocnaBuna (PaxHo 2014, 110), KoToporo aBTop nosMH KpanHe conyBcTBeHHo Ha3biBaeT «ropucnaBuneM^». ^eKceMa soj, sojn® '^up', KaKoByro BugaT bo ^pameHTe cku^ckom Hagnucu apaMencKuM nucbMoM Ha 6aH0HH0M cocyge u3 norpe6eHua V BeKa go h^. y cena Koh-cTaHTuHoBKa MenuTononbcKoro panoHa 3anopo^cKon o6nacTu (TypnaHuHoB 1990, 54-55; KaM6onoB 2006, 88), gna oceTuH 6bina cuhohumom chtoctu, o6unua u gocTaTKa. ^0^T0My cnoBo soj cnbimanocb b npuneBe MHorux o6pagoBbix u 6biT0Bbix necHax, b tom nucne cBage6Hbix, oxoTHu^bux u nocBA^éHHbix ^^uHecKUM repoaM, a TaK^e b nocnoBu^x u noroBopKax. BbiToBano BHpa^eHue 6narogapHocTu 3a npuHomeHue unu yro^eHue c no^enaHueM, hto6h pyKu HenoBeKa ucTonanu ^up. Oho 6bino ogHuM u3 Hau6onee ynoTpe6uTenbHbix u BcTpenanocb b MonuTBocnoBuax. B HapT0BcK0M ^^oce reporo To^e ^enaroT npo^uTb ^upHyro, to ecTb xopomyro ^u3Hb. ^up BMecTe c go6braeM ynoMuHanca b MonuTBe k noKpoBuTenro «ubothhx Arcara, 6nu3K0My b HeKoTopbix acneKTax k ynoMHHyToMy b ^o^Me cKoTbeMy 6ory Benecy (A6aeB 1979, 130; flapnueBa 2013, 163-165; HapTH Kagg^HT® 1989, 18). B 06pag0B0M necHe, ucnonHaeMon geTbMu bo BpeMH e^erogHoro npa3gHuKa no cnynaro po^geHua ManbnuKoB, nenocb o tom, hto ^up TenéT c Hu^Hero KBapTana k BepxHeMy KBapTany, a tot, kto pogunca - cnacTnuBe^ Begb ugéT ^up. nocne Toro KaK craprnun B03H0cun MonuTBy Hag TpeMa nuporaMu, Ho^Ky MnageH^ oKyHanu b Tpagu^uoHHoe 6nrogo, BapuBmeeca u3 cMeTaHbi u nmeHHHHüH unu KyKypy3Hon MyKu, - g3MKKa. Me^gy TeM ^up ^urypupoBan u b necHe, KoTopyro nenu «eH^MHM bo BpeMa npur0T0BneHua ^T0^0 cTapuHHoro KymaHba, noMernuBaa ero Hag orHéM (A6aeB 1979, 130-131; naMATHuKu 1992, 78, 80, 234, 236; flapqueBa 2013, 162-163; n^enuHa 2013, 121). He 3a6biBanocb o HéM b ogHoM u3 BapuaHToB oceTuHcKon puTyanbHon necHu o nuBe, b TpygoBbix oceHHux necHax, b Mu^onorunecKon ^o^3uu. C noMo^bro uMeHHo ^T0^0 K0H^e^Ta b TeKcTax MonuTBocnoBun nepegaBanocb noHaTue u3o6unua rop u 97 ®Mp m ^MpHbie BpeMeHa: o6 ogHOM CMMBone b «CflOBe o nojiKy MropeBe» paBHuH. HacTo ynoTpe6nanucb b penu oceTuH u ^pa3eonorunecKue coneTaHua c ^T0M neKceM0M, K0T0paa Tpagu^uoHH0 nepegaBana noHaTua 6nara, ycnagbi, B03Harpa:«geHua 3a TepneHue, u3o6unua 3eMnu, Hecy^eM o6unue Kanenu, g0^geB0M 6narogaTu c He6a (A6aeB 1979, 131; flapqueBa 2013, 163-165). C nonuraHueM ^upa uHgoupaH^Mu KynbTyponoru CBa3biBaroT tot ^aKT, hto oceTuHCKue puTyanbHbie nuporu o6unbHo CMa3biBaroTca MacnoM, a HanuHKoM uMeroT ^upHHM cap (ra3gaH0Ba 2007, 225). Ecnu oceTuH B03Bpa^anca u3 ganbHen noe3gKu, to eMy, pagyacb, Ma3anu ^upoM Horu. Korga pe6ëH0K po:«ganca, ero o6Ma3biBanu cbuhhm ^upoM. y oceTuH b CTapuHy My^CKoe n0T0MCTB0 cnuTanocb npegnoHTuTenbHee. M ecnu Ha CBeT noaBnanacb geB0HKa, en CMa3biBanu naTKu ^upoM, npuroBapuBaa, hto6h gonb 6bina c ^upH0M hotom. ^Ta Marua oceTuH uMena ^nbro cnoco6cTB0BaTb po^geHuro ManbHuKoB nocne geB0HKu (A6aeB 1979, 130-131). y ux cocegen To«e ^enanu pe6ëHKy pa3BuBaTbca, KaK ^up (Ma^eg3eB 1991, 48; Ma^eg3eB 1984, 23). ^up 3aHuMan ^ht-panbHoe MecTo b npa3gHuHH0M, a TaK^e b CBage6H0M o6pagHoCTu oceTuH (g0CTaT0HH0 ynoMHHyTb tot ^aKT, hto HeBecTa, Bxoga b goM ^eHuxa, CMa3biBana o6yBb CBeKpoBu ^upoM, KpoMe Toro, Ba^Hyro ponb TonnëHoro Macna) (flapnueBa 2013, 164-165). CaM no ce6e oceraHCKun TepMuH B03B0guTca k upaHCK0My spana-, apuMCK0My *sphana. EMy pogcTBeHHa gpeBHeuHguMCKue spay-, sphayate '^upeTb', sphati- 'oTKopM', sphatimant-'o6unbHHM', '^upHHM', sphira- ':»upHbm', -sphana- 'garo^un o6unue, npo^eTaHue' (b gaya-sphana-) (A6aeB 1979, 131). B PurBege ^up (ghrtá-) - Ba^Haa puTyanbHaa cy6cTaH^ua, K0T0pyro B03nuBanu b KanecTBe ^epTBH 6oraM; TyT roBopuTca o n0T0Kax o6o^ecTBnaeMoro ^upa, TeKy^ux u3 cepg^-oKeaHa, u n0T0K penu cpaBHuBaeTca c ^TUMU BonHaMu ^upa. DocnegHuM BocxBa-nanca KaK ^epTBeHHaa cy6cTaH^ua, CBa3aHHaa c ^0^TUHecK0M penbro (h3hkom 6oroB), HT0 nepeKnuKaeTca c BocneBaHueM cnaBbi BenuKoMy KHa3ro CBaTocnaBy u yKopaMu KHa3ro Mropro CBaTocnaBuny. ynoMuHanca 3gecb u HeKuM 30n0T0M CTep^eHb, cuMBonu3upyro^un xMenb-C0My KaK onnogoTBopuTena ^o^TUHecKUx MbicneM. ^pe^i 3aaBnanu, hto xoTaT np0B03rnacuTb uMa ^upa, ygep^aB ero Ha ^epTBonpuHomeHuu noKnoHeHuaMu. ^up TpaKT0Banca 3gecb MucrunecKu, oh uMen KoCMoroHunecKoe 3HaneHue, 6bin puTyanbHo CBa3aH c orHëM. 3HaHue «TaMHbix uMëH» ^upa, - a TaKuM 3HaHueM o6nagan :«pe^6paxMaH, - o3Hanano noHuMaHue ero uctuhhom HenpoaBneHH0M npupogbi. B ruMHax roBopunocb, HT0 3eMna u He6o ogera ^upoM, yKpameHbi ^upoM, HanoeHbi ^upoM, 6oraTbi ^upoM, u ^pe^a B3aBaroT k hum, ga6bi o6pecTu ux 6nar0CKn0HH0CTb (Enu3apeHK0Ba 1993, 22-23, 42, 104; Oru6eHuH 1968, 69, 98; ManaMyg 2005, 34, 75), hto 3acTaBnaeT BcnoMHuTb KaK npuneB oceTuHCKux necHoneHun, TaK u npegaHua o ^upe 3eMnu. OTronocKu TaKux npeg-CTaBneHuM 06 ucxoga^en u3 3eMnu nuTaTenbH0M nepBonu^e (bhümirasa) npucyTCTByroT b paHHecpegHeBeK0Bbix 6ygguMCKux TpaKTaTax (Bacy6aHgxy 2001, 26-27, 172, 286, 354), Ha K0T0pbie, bo3mo^ho, noBnuana Mu^onorua caK0B u ^^TanuT0B. 06pagbi oceTuH, BKnronaBmue b ce6a HaMa3biBaHue ^upoM nacren Tena nenoBeKa, To^e uMeroT nro6onbiTHbie cooTBeTCTBua, HanpuMep, b ^HTpanbH0a3uaTCK0M u ypanbCK0M o6binae CMa3bBaTb ^upoM, 6ynb0H0M, MacnoM unu mohohhhmu npogyKTaMu Bonocbi u no6 H0B06paHH0M (^o6aneBa 1975, 305, 310; KucnaK0B 1969, 124; CynTaHrapeeBa 1994, 93; ^uenbCTpyn 2002, 62). y naMup^B 6ano 3aBegeH0 Ma3aTb MacnoM, M0n03uB0M unu ^upoM rnaBHbiM CTon6 goMa, ^T0 cnuTanocb 6oroyrogHbiM genoM (^utbuhckum, CegoB 1983, 130-131; Bacunb^B 2009, 169-171). Ho Ha ceMeMH0-6biT0B0M o6pagHoCTu napannenu He 3aKaHHuBaroTca. 98 KoHcmaHmuH PaxHO fleno b tom, hto b oxoTHUHbeM cpege maMaHMcTMHecKMX KynbTyp ^HTpanbHOM A3mm, Bocxoga^ux k CKM^0-caKCK0My Mupy, noMUMo geTanbHeMmeM BugoBoM, Bapu-eTeTHOM m noBegeHHecKoM KnaccM^MKa^MM noBHMX nTM^ 6biTOBana cyry6o MM^ono-ruHecKaa KnaccM^MKa^Mfl, onuparo^aflca Ha to, hto HeKOTopbie nTM^i 6epyT nro6yro guHb b nro6oM cMTya^MM (npaMoe Bonno^eHue ^apHa). npu ^TOM xu^Haa m^a Mo:eT 6biTb npuHoca^eM ygaHy, ho Mo:eT oKa3aTbca u cyna^eM HeygaHy. M Ta u gpyraa nTM^ aBnaroTca 6onbmoM pegKocTbro. Tot, kto UMeeT Ha pyKax TaKoro 6epKyTa, o6a3aTenbHo CTaHeT 6oraTHM HenoBeKOM - y Hero 6ygeT MHoro CKoTa, a b ceMbe MHoro geTeM, u Bce HneHbi ceMbu 6ygyT 3gopoBbi. ^oBHaa nTM^ ABnanacb go ucTopuHecKM HegaBHero Bpe-MeHU, noBneKmero pa3pymeHue TpagM^MOHHbIX KynbTypHbix ^opM, HeoTHy:gaeMoM co6cTBeHHocTbro HenoBeKa u poga. flapuTb ee 6bino He:enaTenbHo, a npoga:a nTM^i unu oTnycKaHue ee Ha Bonro BneKnu 3a co6oM MHoroHucneHHbie u HenonpaBMMbie HecHacTba, HenoBeK HaHMHan 6egHeTb. M Hao6opoT, c npuo6peTeHueM TaKoro HygogeMcTBeHHoro 6epKyTa cygb6a xo3auHa u ero 6nM3KMX pe3Ko MeHanacb k nyHmeMy, oh cTaHOBunca 6oraHoM. B goMe npu ero HanMHMM hmkto He 6onen u He yMupan, a ecnu y: 3a6oneBan, to o6a3aTenbHo c noMo^bffl 6epKyTa Bbi3gopaBnuBan. Cy^ecTBOBanu paccKa3bi o tom, KaK 6epKyT uc^nun cHHa oxoTHUKa. ^Ta rn^a o6nagana u HeKoTopbiMU BHemHUMU npu3HaKaMM, b HacTHocTU, Heo6biHHbiM ^eTOM pagy:HOM o6onoHKU rna3 u onepeHua, B3rnagoM, a TaK:e oco6eHHocTAMU noBegeHua. floxog, KOTopbiM Bnagene^ nTU^i nonyHan ot ee go6biHM, Bcerga 6bin 6onbme geMcTBUTenbHOM ctommoctm. Korga TaKOM 6epKyT yMupan, ero xopoHunu KaK HenoBeKa, 3aBepHyB b caBaH, no HeMy, KaK no Heno-BeKy, nnaKanu u npMHMTanM :eH^UHH. TymKy yMepmero 6epKyTa cMa3biBanu MacnoM, :upoM - cuMBonoM 6oraToM u chtom :m3hm, 6narogapa 3a HecTHyro pa6oTy b KaHecTBe noBHeM nTM^i. ^Ty pa3HoBugHocTb Heo6biKHOBeHHoro 6epKyTa Ha3biBanu maj čegir, ogHaKo 3aHacTyro ero UMeHoBanu baj čegir (baj - '6oraTbiM', '6oraTcTBo'), UHorga BcTpe-HaeTca m Ha3BaHue koj čegir (koj - 'ob^', hto oTcbinaeT k 6apaHy KaK cuMBony ^apHa y upaHoH3HHHHX HapogoB). 3HaHeHue čegir, čekir - naTHbimKo Ha pagy:HOM o6onoHKe rna3a, unu ceporna3biM, hto cooTBeTcTByeT oceTUHcKoMy ^ygyr 'necTpbiM', zygar, z^gar, 3^gar 'uMero^MM 6enoe naTHo Ha n6y', ^agyr 'mupoKo pacKpbiTbie, ycrpeMneHHbie Ha HTo-nu6o, BHnyHeHHHe rna3a', BaxaHcKoMy čsqyr, čagyr CBeTnorna3biM (o KoHe)', Tag-:MKcKoMy čaqir '6enorna3aa (o nomagu)', a^raHcKOMy čayar 'c 6enbMoM', BaHg:cKOMy čay9r '6enbMo Ha rna3y', 6agaxmaHcKoMy čsY9r, myrHaHcKoMy čiqir 'Kocorna3biM', a TaK:e 6ypymacKM čiqir, BepmuKcKoMy čiqsr, KxoBapcKoMy čiysr '6enorna3aa (o nomagu)'. fluaneKTHoe cnoBo maj o3HaHaeT ':up, Macno'. ^up aBnanca y ^HTpanbHoa3uaTCKMX KoHeBHMKoB craHgapTHbiM cuMBonoM 6narococToaHua, 6narononyHua, chtom :m3hm, 6oraTcTBa (b ochobhom ckotom). Macno u :up ucnonb3oBanucb bo MHorux penuruo3-Ho-MaruHecKMX o6pagax gna o6ecneHeHua 3a:uTOHHocTM, npo^eTaHua u cHacTba, hto, KaK u y oceTMH, oTpa3unocb bo MHorux ycTOMHMBbix cnoBocoHeTaHuax, cMbicn kotophx TecHo cBH3aH c oTMeHeHHHM 3HaHeHueM :upa u Macna b 6biTy u o6pagax. To, hto TymKy yMepmeM oxoTHUHbeM nTM^i cMa3biBanu MacnoM, yHeHbiM npegcTaBnaeTca MaruHecKMM aKToM, Bbipa:aK>^MM 6narogapHocTb nTM^ 3a npuHeceHHbiM gocTaToK, a TaK:e nonbiTKoM coxpaHMTb ^TOT gocTaToK u nocne cMepTM ^TM^H-6na^ogeTenH. O tom, hto Macno, :up MMenu b o6pagHocTM, cBH3aHHOM c noBHMMM ^TM^aMM, Ba:Hoe 3HaHeHue, cBugeTenbcTByroT oxoTHMHbu ucTopuu, cTaBmue nereHgaMM, HanpuMep, npo to, KaK gBa oxoTHMKa copeBHOBanucb, HanycKaa cbomx 6epKyTOB Ha Bonme6Hyro HepHo-6ypyro nucy, KOTopaa noaBnanacb pagoM c Knag6u^eM (o6pa3, M3BecTHHM TaK:e 99 ®Mp u ^MpHwe BpeMeHa: 06 ogHOM cmmboto b «CnoBe o nojrey MropeBe» b oceTMHCKMX HapogHbix CKa3Kax u ^^oce). Tot M3 hux, kto npegBapuTenbHo HaKopMun cbok> ^TM^y 6onbmuM KycKOM KypgroHHoro cana, hto o6hhho He genanocb, o6ecnenun ce6e 6narononyHHbrn ucxog cocTH3aHufl. fleTanb c KypgroHHbiM canoM - Mu^onoru-HeCKafl M CBH3aHa c TeM caKpanbHblM CMbCnOM, KoTopblM B KOHeBHMHeCKOM TpagM^MM npunucbiBancfl Macny, ^upy, cany u T.n. ^up npuMeHflnca TaK^e gna pacno3HaHua nru^i, KoTopaa npuHocuna HecnacTbe (CuMaKOB 1998, 192-197, 216-217; A6aeB 1958, 388-389; A6aeB 1989, 318-319; Gre6nMH-KaMeHCKMM 1999, 136). TyT cnegyeT BcnoMHMTb pa3BMTyro cuMBonuKy xh^hhx ^TM^ KaK Bonno^eHua npegcraBuTenen KHH^ecKoro poga b «CnoBe o nonKy MropeBe». 06pa3 coKona (acTpe6a, KopmyHa u Boo6^e oxorau^ben nTu^i) KaK cuMBon ^pcKon Bnacru u ee xapu3Mbi 6bin xapaKTepeH gna upaHcKux HapogoB nepegHen u ^HTpanbHoM A3uu c gpeBHenmux BpeMeH. OTpa^eHue ^T0^0 o6Hapy:»uBaeTcfl npe^ge Bcero b ABecTe. B «3aMMag-am-Te» (ímT XIX) roBopuTca, hto ^pcTBoBaHue ogHoro u3 nepBbix Mu^uHecKux ^pen, BnageTena go6pbix crag Mumh, KoH^unocb nocne Toro, KaK oh corpemun, cBA3aBmucb co cnoBoM n^u, u ^pcTBeHHbm hum6 - XBapHo, ^apH - pa3genunca Ha Tpu Hacru u b o6pa3e nTu^i BaparH (acTpe6a, coKona, KopmyHa) noKuHyn ero, nepenga k gpyruM nun-hoctam. 06nagaTeneM nepBon TpeTu XBapHa Mumh cTan 6or MuTpa. nocnegHroro TpeTb nonynun 6oraTbipb fepcacna. BTopaa ^e nacTb XBapHo gocTanacb TpaeTaoHe (tepugyHy cpegHeBeKoBon upaHcKon TpagM^MM), KoTopblM nocne no6egbi Hag nygoBu^eM o6peTaeT BnacTb Hag MupoM u cTaHoBuTca ot^m Tpex cbmoBen, KoTopbix Ha3HanaeT npaBuTb cTopoHaMu cBeTa. B 6onee no3gHeM TeKcTe, nexneBuncKoM «PuBaMATe», coo6^aeTca, hto nocne ^T0^0 cnacrauBaa cygb6a u BepxoBHaa BnacTb Mumh ucqe3nu (BparuHcKuM 1956, 137-138; ^utbuhckum 1968, 53-54; ABecTa 1993, 158-159; ABecTa 1997, 385-386). ronoBHoñ yóop npaBumem noy^aHeü U3 AnymaümeHX (Opdoc). 3onomo, 6wpw3a. IV BeK do h^. 100 KoHcmaHmuH PaxHO npo6neMa coxpaHeHUH xapu3MH u eé B03gencTBUH Ha npupogy u co^uyM nocne yTpaTH ee ^pcTBeHHHM o6nagaTeneM b upaHCKux cbh^hhhx KHurax pemanacb bo-nno^eHueM b 300- u opHUToMop^Hbie o6pa3H. ^T0 npeuMy^ecTBeHHo 6binu xu^HHe nTu^i, KoTopbie BbicTynanu 06,beKT0M noKnoHeHUH He caMu no ce6e, a KaK Bbipa:«eHue caKpanbHon cy6cTaH^uu (Ckphhhukob a 2013, 265, 295). flaHHHH gpeBHeupaHcKun mh^ 6bin u3o6pa^éH Ha KymaHcKon MOHeTe II BeKa h^., rge My^nuHa c KonbéM u b ^pcK0M ogeHHuu Ha BHTHHyTon pyKe gep^uT xu^Hyro ^Tu^y c pacnpaBneHHHMu KpbinbHMu, roToByro B3neTeTb. Hagnucb Ha MOHeTe rnacuT ia^>o, hto, no MHeHuro ynéHbix, HBnHeT-ch 6aKTpuMCK0M ^opMon gpeBHeupaHcKoro yama-xsäwan unu coKpa^eHHon ^opMon Iamšedo. B nro6oM cnynae, He Bbi3biBaeT coMHeHUH, hto ^T0 hhkto uhom, KaK upaHcKun Mu^onorunecKUM nepcoHa^, u3BecTHHM u3 ABecTH nog uMeHeM MuMa. TaKUM 06pa30M, nTu^, cugH^aH y Mhmh Ha pyKe - 6e3ycnoBHo, BaparH, Bonno^eHue ero XBapHo. He-cmotph Ha to, hto KymaHcKun flMmo, b oTnuHue ot aBecTuncKoro Mhmh, HecoMHeHHo HBnHeTcH 6o^ecTBoM, ^Ta c^Ha Ha MoHeTe - pegKun b ucKyccTBe gpeBHux upaH^B npuMep HenocpegcTBeHHoro conocraBneHUH cro^eTa c aBecTuncKUM TeKcToM (ffieHKapb 2013, 438). ^T0 yHUKanbHoe u3o6pa:«eHue noKa3HBaeT, KaK npegcTaBnanu ce6e oTnéT gaHHon MucTunecKoM cy^HocTu b Buge xh^hoh nTu^i HocuTenu gpeBHeupaHcKon Tpagu^uu b caMoM Hakane Hamen ^pH. Hucxoguna BnacTb Ha npaBUTenH To^e b Buge xu^hoh nTu^i. MccnegoBaTenu corguncKoro ucKyccTBa (BeneHu^KUM 1959, 32) o6paTunu BHUMaHue Ha uHTepecHyro HapogHyro cKa3Ky otho6^b, oTpa^aro^yro gpeBHue npegcTaBneHUH upaH0H3biHHbix ^TH0C0B ^HTpanbHon A3uu. B cKa3Ke roBopuTcH o6 oxoTHUHben rn^e (6epKyTe, coko-ne), KoTopyro BbmycTunu neTaTb nocne cMepTu ^pH. Hapog pemaeT, hto Ha Hbro ronoBy ^Ta nTu^ cageT, Toro u cgenaroT ^péM (AHgpeeB, ne^epeBa 1957, 22). B oceTUHcKon cKa3Ke Hapog u36upaeT ce6e ^péM Ha ceMb neT Toro, Ha Hbro ronoBy onycTUTcH Hcrpe6 (OceTUHcKue HapogHHe cKa3Ku 1973, 329). B H3rynHMcKux cKa3Kax ^uTenu crpaHbi nocne cMepTu ^pH To«e BbmycKaroT ^pcKoro coKona u u36uparoT cnegyro^uM npaBUTeneM Toro, Ha Hbro ronoBy oh cageT (CKa3Ku HapogoB naMupa 1976, 398; ^genbMaH 1966, 194). CKa3Ka o TaK0M coKone (b eguHUHHbix cnynaHX Hcrpe6e unu opne), npuHocH^eM ^pcTBo, u3BecTHa TaK^e y capbiKonb^B (naxanuHa 1966, 128, 182), ropHbix u paBHUH-hhx Tag^uKoB (CKa3Ku u nereHgH ropHbix Tag^uKoB 1990, 75, 100; CKa3Ku u nereHgbi CucTaHa 1981, 134; Tag^uKcKue HapogHHe cKa3Ku 1967, 249; PaxuMoB 1995, 166-167), nymTyHoB (A^raHcKue cKa3Ku 1972, 29-30), nepcoB (nnyToBKa u3 Bargaga 1963, 57; nepcugcKue cKa3Ku 1958, 46; nepcugcKue cKa3Ku 1960, 237; nepcugcKue HapogHHe cKa3Ku 1987, 287; 3aKongoBaHHHn 3aM0K 1992, 15; Marzolph 1984, 122; Persian Tales 1919, 210-211), TaToB (3onoTon cyHgyK 1974, 71; KyKynny 2008, 48), KypgoB (WcynoBa 2004, 168; KypgcKue cKa3Ku 1989, 143; KypgcKue HapogHHe cKa3Ku 1970, 54), 6enyg^en (CKa3Ku, 6acHu u nereHgH 6enyg^en 1989, 112), a TaK^e y namau (Morgenstierne 1944, 79) u HeKoTopHX gpyrux HapogoB. AHanoruHHHM cro^eT ecTb u b ^o^Me ^upgoycu «fflax-HaMe» (I, 10442-10446), rge Monogon ^pb Ko6ag paccKa3HBaeT PocTeMy o tom, hto eMy Hombro npucHuncH 6naron coh: gBa coKona, MHacb u3ganeKa, npuHecnu BeHe^ cBeTUBmun, cnoBHo conH^, u, cnycTUBmucb, yBeHHanu ero (BanH6epr 1977, 19). CnegyeT BcnoMHUTb, hto y na3bipbi^eB MaKymKy ocTpoBepxux y6opoB Mornu BeHHaTb noKpHTHe 30n0T0M ^urypKu opna (ynaHgpHK II, KypraH 12; ynaHgpHK IV, KypraH 2; WcTbig XII, KypraH 25), a Hau6onee HpKaH aHanoruH na3HpHKcKUM y6opaM c HaBepmueM b Buge neTH^ero opna u «guageM0M»-06pyneM no Hu^HeMy Kparo (KaK b 101 ®Mp u ^MpHbie BpeMeHa: 06 ogHOM cmmboto b «CnoBe o nojrey MropeBe» ynaHgpbiKe II, KypraH 12) u3BecTHa y npegnonaraeMbix noy^aHen Opgoca. Ha ceBepo-3anage ^T0^0 nnaTo b MecTHocTu AnymaMTeHb 6bino oÓHapy^eHo 6oraToe 3axopoHeHue IV BeKa go h^. ronoBHoM y6op 6bin yKpameH MaccuBHbiMu geTanaMu u3 nuToro 3onoTa. HaBepmue npegcTaBnaeT co6on 3onoTyro ^urypKy napa^ero opna c ronoBoM M3 6upro-3bi, Ha ero «nocTaMeHTe» BbirpaBupoBaHbi nerape BonKa, rpbi3y^ue ropHbix 6apaHoB. «fluageM» b HM^Hen nacTM 6bino gBe, o6e - M3 nuToro 3onoTa. Ha HM^Hen M3 hux Ha koh^x M3o6pa^eHH ne^a^ue KonbiTHbie (ropHbiM 6apaH u nomagb), Ha coxpaHuBmenca nonoBMHe BepxHeM - KpbinaTbm BonK (3^hko 2006, 84, 90-92, 308-309). CBa3b xu^hom m^bl c ^pcKuMu KopoHaMu u CuMBonaMu BnaCTu Mo^Ho oTMeTuTb u B HyMu3MaTuKe paga upaHoa3biHHbix ^TH0C0B. B nacraocTu, bo II b. go h^. u3o6pa^eHue cuga^ero opna npucyTCTByeT Ha ronoBHoM y6ope ^pa napca. Xu^Haa nTu^ c pacnpocTepTbi-mu KpbinbaMu u noBepHyTon BnpaBo ronoBoM 6bina cocTaBnaro^en ronoBHoro y6opa ^pen gpeBHero Xope3Ma, cyga no MoHeTaM. 06pa3 xu^hoh nTu^i, BeHHaro^eM ^pa, noaBnaeTca u b nap^aHcKon HeKaHKe BTopon nonoBuHbi I b. go h^. noMuMo guageM nap^aHcKux npaBuTenen u 6oroB, open npegcTaBneH Ha ^hckom cku^ckom ronoBHoM y6ope u3 I MopgBuHcKoro KypraHa u b ogHoM u3 KypraHoB CeBepHoro Ka3axcTaHa. ^pcKue ronoBHbie y6opbi b Buge opna u3BecTHb Ha MoHeTax KymaH u b neKaHe caca-HugcKux ^pen. Xu^Haa m^a BcTpenaeTca Ha KopoHax ^^TanMTCKMx npaBuTenen. Ha ^T0M ocHoBaHuu genaroT BbiBog, hto open, coKon unu gpyrue 6nu3Kue um xu^HHe ^TM^b 6binu b goMycynbMaHcKun nepuog cuMBonaMu ^pcK0M BnacTu b pa3nuHHbix o6nacTax ^HTpanbHoM A3uu (Xope3Me, nap^uu, Corge) u b MpaHe (BaMH6epr 1977, 18-20; ^yK0HuH 1977, 110; ^utbuhckuh 1968, 93; #^hko 2006, 92). OTcroga cTaHoBuTca noHATHHM, noneMy nepcbi cnuTanu coKona nTu^M, cyna^en 6naro ^pro (PencHep, HanucoBa 2002, 303). no3gHee ^T0T TpagM^M0HHbIM o6pa3 m^bi, BeHHaro^eM ^pa, noaBnaeTca b neHg^uKeHTcKon ^uBonucu (BeneHM^KMM 1959, 32). CTpeMuTenbHo neTa^aa m^a b xoTaHcKoM uK0H0rpa^uu To^e cuMBonu3upoBana HucnocbinaeMyro ^paM u repoaM 6o^ecTBeHHyro 6narogaTb, He6ecHbm oroHb-^apH (flbaK0H0Ba 1961, 265; CMupHoBa 1981, 51). Ha rnuHaHoM cocyge u3 XoTaHa II-VII Eucmu ffMumpuü. «Cn0B0 o nonKy M^opeBe», unnmcmpau¡ux. Kcuno^pa^ux. 1988. 102 KoHcmaHmuH PaxHO BeKOB nTu^ cuguT npHMO Ha ronoBe (#^hko 2006, 92; CopoKuH 1961, 198). CoKona Ha ronoBe KHH3H ynoMuHaeT u 3anagHoyKpauHcKaH KonHgKa (^onoBa^KMM 1878, 57), cogep:»aHue kotopom cBH3biBaroT c ^anM^K0M khh^ckom guHacTueM (Ahtohobuh, flparoMaHOB 1874, 37; TpymeBCbKMM 1993, t. I, 323). B paccMaTpuBaeMOM m^Me, aBTop kotopom, no-BuguMOMy, npuHagne^an MMeHHo k ^T0M BeTBM u, KaK u nogo6aeT apu-cToKpaTy, npeB0cx0gH0 pa36upancH b tohkocthx oxoth c nepHaTbiMu xu^HuKaMu, pyccKue KHH3bH toctohhho ynogo6nHroTcH coKonaM. B gpyroM naMHTHuKe gpeBHeM nucbMeHHocru gaHHaH nTu^ npHMO cBH3biBaeTcH c ^pMH^M^0M BepxoBHoM BnacTu: «CoKonb MOBuTb: «# KHH3b Hag KHH3bHMbi»» (HonapeB 1896, 12; BenoBa 2001, 237). ^TO Bbipa3uTenbHoe npoHBneHue upaHcKoro cy6cTpaTa, KOTopbiM Hamen 0Tpa:»eHue u b cnaBHHcKOM npuMeTe: bo cHe coKon yneTen c pyKu - k cMepTu (Bene^KaH 1978, 37). nogo6Ho KymaHcKuM MoHeTaM, b caKcKoM, caBpoMaTcKoM u cku^ckom ucKyccTBe TeMa xu^hoh nTu^i 6bina cBH3aHa c npegcTaBneHuHMu o 6o^ecTBax bouhckom no6egbi, Mory^ecTBa u o6unuH. npegnonararoT, hto opHuTOMop^Hbie pyHKu cpegHea3uaT-ckom u capMaTCKOM KepaMuKu (no KpaMHeM Mepe, HeKOTOpbie u3 hux) MoryT HBnHTbcH nepe^uBaHueM ^TMx ^e npegcraBneHuM (Hutbuhckum 1968, 93-94). Xu^HaH nTu^, HepegKO u3o6pa^aBmaacH c pacnpocrepTbiMu KpbinbHMu, - oguH u3 ochobhhx motubob cKu^o-cu6upcKoro 3BepuHoro crunH. 3anacTyK> ohu npegcraroT He b Buge oguHOHHoro u3o6pa^eHua, a KaK HacTb KOM^O3M^MM co c^hom Tep3aHuH (KoponbKOBa 1998, 166-176; nepeBognuKOBa 1994, 34; nonigoBuH 2014, 61-67). bo3mo^ho, ^T0 TO^e uKOHorpa^u-HecKoe Bonno^eHue xapu3Mbi (KpaMapoBcKuM 2001, 77-78). OneHb xapaKTepHa ^pa3a ^o^MH, KOTopaH cBugeTenbcTByeT He TonbKO 06 OTMeHHOM 3HaHuu nTuHbeM ^M3MonomM u o6pa3a ^u3Hu: «Konu coKont Bb MbiTexb 6biBaeTb, - bhcoko ^TM^b Bb36uBaeTb, He gacTb rH^3ga cBoero Bb o6ugy» (Cn0B0 1950, 21, 27, 43-44). THe3ga noBHux ^TM^ 6binu y HapogoB ^HTpanbHOM A3uu u3BecTHbi HanepeHeT u HBnHnucb co6cTBeHHocTbK> Toro unu uHoro poga, o^HuBaeMoM HapaBHe c KonunecTBOM u KaHecTBOM Bogbi u TpaBbi -to ecTb KnroneBbix gnH HOMaga xapaKTepucTuK MecTHocTu. y ^HTpanbHoa3uaTcKux KOHeBHuKOB cy^ecTBOBana cno^HaH cucTeMa BHyTpupogoBbix npaB co6cTBeHHocTu (uHguBugyanbHbix u rpynnoBbix) Ha rHe3ga, u3 KOTOpbix bmhumskt nreH^B (CuMaKOB 1998, 27, 114-116, 142-144; MuxaMnuH 2005, 135; MuxaMnuH 2010, 100). TaKuM 06pa30M, coKonuHaH cuMBonuKa nosMH npHMO cBH3aHa c Mu^onorunecKuMu npegcTaBneHuHMu u 6htom upaH0H3HHHHx HapogoB cTenu. TeM BpeMeHeM b pyccKux neTonucHx npocne^uBaroTcH npHMbie cooTBeTcTBuH cbego6H0My ^upy, go6biBaeM0My u3 3eMnu. Korga neneHeru b 997 rogy ocagunu Benropog, u OTHaHBmeecH Bene pemuno cgaTbcH, n0T0My hto Hapog yMupan c ronogy, HeKuM cTape^ cornacHO gaHHOMy ucTOHHuKy, He 6biBmuM Ha Bene, co3Ban ropogcKux cTapeMmuH u n0c0BeT0Ban o6MaHyTb BparoB, noKa3aB ux nocnaM, hto hko6h caMa 3eMnH gaeT um nu^y Hepe3 Konog^i. «Hto MO^eTe cTBopuTu HaMb? - roBopunu oca^geHHHe. - MMeeMb 60 KopMnro ot 3eMni; a^e nu He BipyeTe, ga y3puTe cBouMa OHuMa». M npuBegoma h Kb KnagH3ro, uge^e u noHepnoma BigpoMb...». B no3gHux ucTOHHuKax npegaHue Heu3MeHH0 noBTopHeTcH, numb b HukohobckoM ne-Tonucu BcTpenaeTcH cBoero poga yTOHHeHue: «hko cia nu^a 6e3npecTaHu HaMb OTb 3eMnH ucxoguTb» (nCP^ 1846, 54-55; nCP^ 1871, 87-88; nCP^ 1989, 57; nCP^ 1851, 123-124; nCP^ 1862, 67-68; nCP^ 1843, 260; npucenKOB 1950, 120-121; TaTu^eB 1995, 140-141; TaTu^eB 1773, 85-87). ^onbKnopHbie BapMa^MM ^T0^0 cKa3aHuH coxpaHHnucb Ha HepHuroB^uHe (^ereHgu Ta nepeKa3u 1985, 19). 103 ®Mp m ^MpHbie BpeMeHa: o6 ogHOM CMMBone b «CflOBe o nojiKy MropeBe» ÇArt é, 45 fz^it À ^ flfítmAÍS" BemopodcKuü Kucenb. MuHuammpa KeHrnc6ep¿cKoü (PaÖ3ueunnoecKoü) nemonucu. XV eeK. HeKoTopbie ucTopuKu u nuTepaTypoBegbi HeyBepeHHo xapaKTepu30Banu gaHHHM paccKa3 neTonuceM KaK nereHgapHHM, ^^uHecKUM (rpeKoB 19S1, 3SQ; TpymeBCbKun 1993, T. II, 148). OgHu u3 hux ycMaTpuBanu b HëM ^^u3og ucKnronuTenbHo KHu^Horo npoucxo»geHua (Bapa^ 19Q8, 11S-118). flpyrue Bugenu 3gecb BapuaHT Tunu^Horo yKpauHCKoro ^onbKnopHoro paccKa3a o rnynocTu gpyroro Hapoga, u cBegeHua o 6o-raTCTBe KueBa u KueBcKoM 3eMnu b gyxe yKpauHCKux CKa3oK o KucenbHbix 6eperax, MegoBHx u Mono^HHx peKax (KocToMapoB 1881, 16S-166; KocToMapoB 1872, 133). npuMepHo TaK »e paccy»ganu u Te, kto ycMoTpen b neTonucHoM npegaHuu xuTpbix 6enropog^B, o6MaHyBmux HauBHHx neneHeroB (MunroTeHKo 2QQ8, 28; TpymeBCbKun 1993, t. II, 149). ^onbKnopucTH oTHocunu ero K 6poganuM ^onbKnopHbiM cro»eTaM o tom, KaK Haxoga^ueca b ocage o6MaHHBaroT BparoB, npogeMoHCTpupoBaB um MHuMoe u3o6unue y hux naqu, xoTa u npu3HaBanu, hto 3gecb MoryT npoaBnaTbca HapogHbie B033peHua Ha 3eMnro KaK KopMunu^y (AxMeToBa 2QQ7, 128-13Q). A gna co^uanbHHx aHTpononoroB ^To - Tunu^Haa unnrocTpa^ua Ha^neHHocru co3HaHua gaHHoM ^^oxu Ha nygo (flonroB 2QQ4, 72-74; flonroB 2QQ7, 8, 396-398). Ho TaKoe nygo gon»Ho 6bino uMeTb HeKue o6ocH0BaHua b MupoBo33peHuu, yKnagbiBaTbca b uMero^yroca KapTuHy Mupa, ^0^T0My ropa3go nnogoTBopHee conocTaBuTb neTonucHoe npegaHue pycuHoB c Mu^onorunecKuMu npegcTaBneHuaMu upaHoa3biHHbix HapogoB o tom, hto 3eMna M0»eT BHgenaTb u3 cboux Hegp nu^y gna nrogeM, oHa - uctohhuk oco6oro nuTaTenb-Horo »upa, KoTopbiM u u3o6pa»anca npu noMo^u Kucena. Bepunu b ^T0, BuguMo, u neneHeru, uHane 6h ux He yganocb o6MaHyTb (^ucroneHKo 2Q12, 311-312). floMuHupoBaHue b cocTaBe neneHeroB upaHcKoro, no npeuMy^ecTBy KaHrroMcKoro u capMaTo-anaHcKoro, ^THUHecK0^0 KoMnoHeHTa, ux ^TH0^eHeTUHecKaa u, no BceM Bepo-aTHocTu, a3HK0Baa cBa3b c uHgoupaHcKuM MupoM yKa3HBaroT Ha TaKyro B03M0»H0cTb 1Q4 KoHcmaHmuH PaxHO (ToncTOB 1948, 23-24; Golden 1972, 58; By6eHOK 1997, 80-92; rapy3OB, MBaHOB 2001, 34, 41-443; KnflmTopHbm 2003, 212-228; A6gyMaHanoB 2006, 7-12; HanuBaMKo 2007, 141, 240, 252-258, 261-262, 272, 344, 430-432, 470, 486, 494-495, 503, 521; HanuBaMKo 2004, 57-64, 71, 74; Kucharski 1938, 3-4, 7-8). OaKTuqecKu neTonucHaa CMTya^Mfl co-oTBeTCTByeT HapTOBcKuM cKa3aHMHM, rge an^Hbie BouTenu, coBepmaro^ue Ha6eru Ha qy^ue 3eMnu, cranKuBaroTcfl c TeMu, kto coxpaHun gpeBHee u3o6unue. yTpaTa o6unuH nu^u u nnogopogua, ocKygeHue flBnaroTcfl ^HTpanbHOM TeMOM apTypoBCKoro ^^oca, BO3HuKmero nog capMaTo-anaHcKuM BnuHHueM (Lévi-Strauss 1992, 127-140; KoMapMHe^ 2001, 50, 57, 135-146, 312-313, 333-334, 394-395, 442-445). TyT ^e TaKOMy ucnbiTaHuro nogBepraeTca TpoHHOBa 3eMna, nog KOTopon cnegyeT noHuMaTb Pycb. KaK cquTaroT uccnegoBaTenu, «3eMna TpoHHa» b cMbicne «PycKaa 3eMna» y^e yKa3HBaeT Ha 6onbmue bo3mo:»hoctu MHTep^peTa^MM. 3eMna, npegcTaBnaro^afl ^TH0c, He MO^eT 6biTb Ha3BaHa uMeHeM nro6oro 6o^ecTBa, a TonbKo pogoHaqanbHuKa. To, hto b gaHHOM cnyqae peqb ugëT o npa^ype, BugHo u u3 gpyrux KOHTeKCTOB ^o^MH. XpoHonoruqecKu TpoHH othocutch k gpeBHenmuM BpeMeHaM, u, cyga no ToMy, hto nocnegyro^ue nepuogbi Ha3BaHH uMeHaMu KHA3eM, oh paccMaTpuBaeTca KaK «nepBbiM (no BpeMeHu) KHH3b». reHeanomqecKue mu^h Bcerga npegnonararoT repoa - ocHOBaTena ^THOca, npapoguTena, pogoHaqanbHuKa. TaKoB, HanpuMep, reHeanoruHecKuM mu^ o npoucxo^geHuu cku^ob, paccKa3aHHbiM repogoTOM. MHTepecHo, hto TapruTan, ^paoTe^ cku^ckoto Hapoga, coothocutch c ynoMHHyTHM Bbime gpeBHeupaHcKuM TpaeTaoHon u gpeBHeuHguHcKuM TpuTOM, uMeHa KOTopbix ^TMMono^MHecKM conpa^eHb c noHHTueM TpoMcTBeHHocru. Bce ohu uMenu Tpoux cbiHOBen, KOTopbie npegcTaBnanu Tpu cocnoBua co3gaHHoro um co^MyMa (PaeBcKun 2006, 107-108; MapTbHOB 1989, 75), hto cpaBHuBaroT c oceTuHcKuMu u yKpauHcKuMu cKa3KaMu o6 ucnbiTaHuu Tpëx 6paTbeB (PaxHO 2014a, 51-59), u Bce ohu 6binu cBH3aHb c onpegenëHHHMu TeppuTopuHMu. flna TapruTaH TaKOM 6bina Cku^uh. no cBugeTenbcTBy TepogoTa (IV, 101), oHa npegcTaBnanacb eë o6uTaTenHM uMero^en qeTbipëxyronbHbie onepTaHua, npuqëM gnuHa npuMopcKon cTopoHH ^T0^0 qeTbipëxyronbHuKa (gBag^Tb gHen nyTu) 6bina paBHa gnuHe cTopoHH, ugy^en ot Mopa b rny6b MaTepuKa (repogoT 1972, 212-213). ^T0 6binu He cTonbKo cy^ecTByro^ue b geMcTBuTenbHocTu rpaHu^i, cKonbKo ux ugeanbHHM, Mu^onoru3upoBaHHHM o6pa3. npuMeqaTenbHo, hto kxhhm npegenoM Cku^uu cny^uno Mope. npu cornacoBaHuu ropu3OHTanbHOM cTpyKTypbi peanbHoro reorpa^unecKoro npocTpaHcTBa c KocMonorunecKon cxeMOM BepTuKanbHoro cTpo-eHuH Mupo3gaHuH ceBep b Hen 6bin cooTHecëH c BepxoM, nonyqaa ogHOBpeMeHHo nono^uTenbHyro ^HHocTHyro xapaKTepucTuKy, ror - c Mu^onoruHecKuM hu3om, a pa3Me^aeMaH Me^gy PuneMcKuMu ropaMu ceBepa u MopeM rora cTpaHa - co cpegHuM MupoM, MupoM nrogen. reorpa^unecKaa npuMeTa Hu3a b ^T0M Mu^onorunecKon KapTuHe oTBeqana npucy^eMy cku^ckom Mu^onoruu noHuMaHuro xTOHuqecKoro Mupa KaK cBH3aHHoro c BogHHM HananoM u 0^M^eTB0pHeM0^0 cooTBeTcTByro^uMu 6o^ecTBaMu. B TaKOM KocMonorunecKOM KOHTeKcTe cTpaHa ocMHcnanacb He npo-cto KaK KOHKpeTHaH o6nacTb, a KaK o6uTaeMHM Mup b ^e^0M, Ka^gHM u3 py6e^en KOToporo oTMeqeH c^e^M^MHHHM naHgma^THHM ^neMeHT0M. TaKoe TOHKOBaHue nogTBep^gaeT, ïïomumo npoqero, cy^ecTBOBaHue nogo6HHx npegcTaBneHun b gpyrux KynbTypax upaHcKoro Mupa - b qacTHocTu, b reorpa^unecKux nacca^ax ABecTH (PaeBcKun 1992, 44-45; nonoBuq 1985, 53). CornacHo BugeBgaTy (I, 17), 105 ®Mp u ^MpHwe BpeMeHa: 06 ogHOM cmmboto b «CnoBe o nojrey MropeBe» HeTbipexyronbHbie OHepTaHua uMena CTpaHa BapHa, HerapHag^Taa u3 co3gaHHbix AxypaMa3goM CTpaH, 3HaMeHuTaa rnaBHbiM 06pa30M TeM, hto OHa aBnanacb OTeHecTBOM TpaeTaoHbi (ABecTa 1997, 72-73). no Been BuguMocTu, TaKaa :e npocTpaHcTBeHHaa op^aHU3a^ua 6bina npucy^a u 3eMne HapTOB b ^^oce oceTuH (MBaHecKO 1999, 66; MBaHecKO 2014, 259-260; TyannaroB 2001, 90, 92, 195, 198-199, 201; ^rapaeB 2000, 23). C o6pa30M npocTpaHCTBa KaK HeTbipexcTopoHHeM ^urypbi mo»ho cBa3biBaTb mup0K0 pacnpocTpaHeHHbie poM6uHecKue u KpecT006pa3Hbie motubh b geKope KepaMMKM 3eMnegenb^B cku^ckoto BpeMeHu. npaMoyronbHuK unu KBagpaT OTpa-:an BceneHHyro, cBa3aHHyro c Hen0BeK0M u 0praHu30BaHHyro um (AHTOHOBa 1984, 71; Ebck>kob 1988, 73-74; nogocuHOB 1999, 480-481; Haycuguc 2005, 102-105). no MHeHuro uccnegoBaTeneM, motub HeTbipexyronbHoM cTpaHbi KaK pa3 npoacHaeTca b cBeTe ^yH^uoHanbHOM xapaKTepucTuKu, npucy^eM TapruTaro KaK nepcoHa:y, po:geHue KOToporo 3HaMeHyeT ^opMupoBaHue ynopagoHeHHoM, 0praHu30BaHH0M BceneHHOM. CxogcTBO onucaHua poguHbi TapruTaa u xapaKTepucTuKu cTpaHH, rge pogunca TpaeTaoHa, cny:uT gononHuTenbHbiM apryMeHTOM b nonb3y 0T0:gecTBneHua ^Tux nepcoHa:eM. B ^T0M cbh3u n0Ka3aTenbH0, hto Ha npoTa:eHuu MHorux BeKOB cy^ecTBOBaHua cpegHeBeKOBoro nepcugcKoro rocygapcTBa ugea 3aK0HH0cTu BnacTu tom unu uhom guHacTuu goKa3biBanacb B03BegeHueM ee k ^epugyHy, hto cocTaBnaeT npaMyro aHanoruro cku^ckom Mu^onoruHecKoM Tpagu^uu, B03B0guBmeM ^pcKuM pog k TapruTaro (PaeBcKuM 2006, 109-112). TaKuM 06pa30M, TpoaH (npacnaBaHcKoe trojanb 'HeKTO TpoMcTBeHHHM') - uMa Mu^onoruHecKoro npapoguTena, nepBonpegKa npaBa^ero poga, cooTBeTcTByro^ero cKu^cKOMy TapruTaro. KaK u uMeHa MHorux 6o:ecTB b ^o^Me, oho HenocpegcTBeHHO cBa3aH0 c upaHcKuM MupoM (Me^epcKuM, BypHKuH 1985, 446; MapTbiHOB 1989, 75-76; MunoB 1994, 341; CepaKOB 2015, 101-112). HegapoM b «CnoBe u 0TKp0BeHuu cBarax anocronoB» koh^ XV BeKa, KOTopoe Bugeno b a3biHecKux 6orax o6o:ecTBneHHbix npaBuTeneM aHTuHHoro Mupa, HacTauBa-nocb, hto «TpoaHb 6ame ^pb...» (ranbKOBcKuM 1913, 51-52). HegaBHue uccnegoBaHua o6Hapy:unu HOBbie napannenu ^o^Me b OTpeHeHHOM khu:hoctu XVII-XVIII BeKOB. B 3aroBope u3 BenuKoycTro:cKoro c6opHuKa XVII BeKa npucyrcTByeT uHTepecHHM motub: «3gHHu :e, Bo:e, BiTpu 3a cBaToe Mope OKiaHb, ko ^pro ko TpoaHy no TpugeBaTb KnroHiBb MopcKuxb», «3gyHu :e, Bo:e, cb He6ecb BiTpu cBouMb CBaTbiMb flyxoMb 3a cBaToe Mope OKiaHb, ko ^pro ko TpoaHy no Ti no TpugeBaTb KnroHiu MopcKuxb cBaTaro Mopa OKiaHa u ^pa OTpoaHa, u eMnu Ty TpugeBaTb KnroHiBb cBaTaro Mopa OKiaHa u ^pa TpoaHa» (OTpeHeHHoe HTeHue 2002, 55-56, 220, 222). XapaKTepHO, hto b ^o^Me «3eMna TpoaHa», KaK u CKu^ua b KocMonoruu upaHoa3biHHbix KOHeBHuKOB, pacnono:eHa y CuHero Mopa; npu ^T0M «BiTpu, Grpu6o:u BHy^u, BiroTb cb Mopa crpinaMu Ha xpa6pbia nnbKH MropeBbi» (BenoBa, neTpyxuH 2008, 22). MTaK, ynoMuHaHua 0 :upe u HeKux KaHyBmux b He6biTue :upHbix BpeMeHax 6binu o6ycnoBneHH upaHcKOM Mu^onoruHecKoM cuMB0nuK0M. ^T0 6binu He npocTO co:aneHua 0 6e36egH0M :upoBaHuu u yTpaHeHHOM u3-3a bomh 6narococToaHuu, ho OTcbinKu k gpeBHeMy ^cxaT0n0^uHecK0My MOTuBy npona:u u3o6unua. BonpeKu cKen-TuKaM, gna K0T0pbix Bce TeMHMe MecTa aBnaroTca yMbimneHHbiM HarpoMo:geHueM HenoHaTHMx peHeHuM, ^T0T Be^ecTBeHHbm cuMBon b ^o^Me BocxoguT k apxauHHOM KapTuHe Mupa, yHacnegoBaHHoM pycuHaMu ot cKu^o-capMaTcKoro cy6cTpaTa, 0Tpa:aa npegcraBneHua 0 cBa^eHHOM cy6cTaH^uu, hto 3acTaBnaeT 3agyMaTbca u 06 uctuhhom cMbicne ynoMaHyToro BMecTe c hum pyccKoro 3onoTa. 106 KoHcmaHmuH PaxHO HoKrnun K)puu. Ceamocnae cMymnuu coh Budum. Cepua «Cn0B0 o nonKy M^opeBe». AKeapenb Ha u^eemnoM nenamnoM fione. 2003. nMTepaTypa A6aeB, B.M., McmopuKo^muMonoauHecKuu cnoeapb ocemuncKozo rnuKa, t. I: A-K, MocKBa, ^eHMHrpag, 1958. (Abajev, VI., Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovar osetinskogo jazyka, t. I: A-K, Moskva, Leningrad, 1958.) A6aeB, B.M., McmopuKo-^muMono^u^ecKuu cnoeapb ocemuncKoao H3UKa, t. III: S-T', ^eHMHrpag, 1979. (Abajev, V.I., Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovar osetinskogo jazyka, t. III: S-T', Leningrad, 1979.) A6aeBa, 3.B., CaTaHa - CaTaHeM-ryama ^nMHecKMM o6pa3 m xygo^ecTBeHHHM KOHTeKCT), in: CKa3anun o napmax - ^noc napodoe KaeKa3a, MocKBa, 1969, c. 372-395. (Abajeva, Z.V., Satana - Satanej-Guaša (epičeskij obraz i hudožestvennyj kontekst), in: Skazanija o nartah - epos narodov Kavkaza, Moskva, 1969, p. 372-395.) A6aeBa, 3.B., ^mw^u no napmoecKoMy ^nocy, ^MHBanM, 1978. (Abajeva, Z.V., Etjudypo nartovskomu eposu, Chinvali, 1978.) A6gyMaHanoB, P.A., KynbTypHo-MCTopMHecKaH 0CH0Ba Kbiprbi3CKoro nneMeHHoro 06pa30BaHMH KaHrabi, in: TmpKonozunecKuu cčopnuK: TmpKcKue napodu Poccuu u BenuKou Cmenu. 2005, MocKBa, 2006, c. 6-20. (Abdumanapov, R.A., Kulturno-istoričeskaja osnova kyrgyzskogo pljemennogo obrazo-vanija kangly, in: Tjurkologičeskij sbornik: Tjurkskije narody Rossii i Velikoj Stjepi. 2005, Moskva, 2006, p. 6-20.) 107 ®Mp m ^MpHbie BpeMeHa: 06 ogHOM cmmboto b «CnoBe o nojrey MropeBe» ABecma: M36paHHue murni. M3 BudeBdama, nepeBog c aBecrancKoro, npegucnoBue, npMMenaHMH u cnoBapb MBaHa Gre6nuH-KaMeHcKoro, MocKBa, 1993. (Avesta: Izbrannyje gimny. Iz Videvdata, perevod s avestijskogo, predislovije, primečanija i slovar Ivana Steblin-Kamenskogo, Moskva, 1993.) ABecma b pyccKux nepeBodax (1861 - 1996), cocraBneHue, o6^aa pega^ua, npuMenaHua u cnpaBOHHbiM pa3gen M.B. PaKa, CaHKT-neTep6ypr, 1997. (Avesta v russkih perevodah (1861 - 1996), sostavljenie, obščaja redakcija, primečanija i spravočnyj razdel I.V. Raka, Sankt-Peterburg, 1997.) AHgpeeB, M.C., ne^epeBa, E.M., fcm6cKue meKcmu (c npunoMeHueuH^Ho6cKo-pyccKo^o cnoBapH, c0cmaBneHH0^0 M.C. AHdpeeBUM, B.A. Hubmu^m u A.K. nucapnuK), MocKBa, ^eHMHrpag, 1957. (Andrejev, M.S., Peščereva, E.M., Jagnobskije teksty (s priloženijem jagnobsko-russkogo slovarja, sostavljennogo M.S. Andrejevym, V.A. Livšycem i A.K. Pisarčik), Moskva, Leningrad, 1957.) AHTOHOBa, E.B., OnepKu Kynbmypu dpeBHux 3eMnedenb^B nepedmu u Cpedrnu A3uu: Onum peKommpy^uu MupoBocnpunmun, MocKBa, 1984. (Antonova, E.V., Očerki kultury drevnih zemledelcev Perednej i Srednej Azii: Opyt rekon-strukcyi mirovosprijatija, Moskva, 1984.) Ahtohobmh, Bn., flparoMaHOB, M., McmoprnecKue necHu ManopyccKo^o Hapoda c o6^HCHeHu^Mu Bn. AHmoHOBuna u M. ffpa^0MaH0Ba, Tom nepBbrn, KueB, 1874. (Antonovič Vl., Drahomanov M. Istoričeskije pesni malorusskogo naroda s objasnenijami Vl. Antonoviča i M. Drahomanova, Tom pervyj, Kijev, 1874.) A in: IV MunnepoBcKue nmeHun c MeMdyHapodHUM ynacmueM (Mamepuanu Haynrnu KoHifiepeH^u 11-12 Hon6pH 2014 ^.): c6opHuK cmameu, BnaguKaBKa3, 2014, c. 51-62. 117 ®Mp m ^MpHbie BpeMeHa: 06 ogHOM cmmboto b «CnoBe o nojrey MropeBe» (Rahno, K.Ju., Osetinskije paralleli k ukrainskoj skazke «Nazvannyj otec» in: IV Millerovskije čtenija s meždunarodnym učastijem (Materialy naučnoj konferencyi 11-12 nojabrja 2014 g.): sbornik statej, Vladikavkaz, 2014, p. 51-62.) PencHep, M..., HanucOBa, H.ro., nepcugcKaa KnaccunecKaa nupuKa: k npo6neMe reHe3uca in: Tpydbi no KynbmypHou aHmponono^uu. naMnmu rpmopun AneKcaHdpoBuna TKaneHKo, MocKBa, 2002, c. 275-322. (Rejsner, M.L., Čalisova, N.Ju. Persidskaja klassičeskaja lirika: k probleme genezisa in: Trudy po kulturnoj antropologii. Pamjati Grigorija Aleksandroviča Tkačenko, Moskva, 2002, p. 275-322.) CepaKOB, M..., Oduccen BapnwcKou Pycu, MocKBa, 2015. (Serjakov, M.L., Odisseja varjažskoj Rusi, Moskva, 2015.) CuMaKOB, r.H., CoKonuHan oxoma u Kynbm xuw,Hbix nmu^ b CpedHeu A3uu: (pumyanbHuu u npaKmunecKuu acneKmu), CaHKT-neTep6ypr, 1998. (Simakov, G.N., Sokolinaja ohota i kult hiščnyh ptic v Srednej Azii: (ritualnyj i praktičeskij aspekty), Sankt-Peterburg, 1998.) CKa3Ku, 6acHu u ne^eH^u 6enydweu, cocTaBneHMe u nepeBog c aHrauncKOro A. nopo^HHKOBa, MocKBa, 1989. (Skazki, basni i legendy beludžej, sostavljenije i perevod s anglijskogo A. Porožnjakova, Moskva, 1989.) CKa3Ku u ne^eH^u ^opHux madwuKoB, cocTaBneHue, nepeBog c Tag^MKcKoro u KOMMeHTapuu A.3. Po3eH^enbg u H.n. Phhkobom, MocKBa, 1990. (Skazki i legendygornyh tadžykov, sostavljenije, perevod s tadžykskogo i kommentarii A.Z. Rozenfeld i N.P. Ryčkovoj, Moskva, 1990.) CKa3Ku u ne^eH^u CucmaHa, cocTaBneHue u KOMMeHTapuu A... TproH6epra u M.M. Cre6nMH-KaMeHcKoro, MocKBa, 1981. (Skazki i legendy Sistana, sostavljenije i kommentarii A.L. Grjunberga i I.M. Steblin-Kamenskogo, Moskva, 1981.) CKa3Ku HapodoB naMupa, nepeBog c naMupcKux h3hkob, cocTaBneHue u KOMMeHTapuu A... TpK>H6epra u M.M. Gre6nuH-KaMeHcKOro, MOcKBa, 1976. (Skazki narodov Pamira, perevod s pamirskih jazykov, sostavljenije i kommentarii A.L. Grjunberga i I.M. Steblin-Kamenskogo, Moskva, 1976.) CKpbiHHuKOBa, T.fl., Xapu3Ma u Bnacmb b ^noxy Humuc-xaHa, CaHKT-neTep6ypr, 2013. (Skrynnikova, T.D., Harizma i vlast v epohu Čingis-hana, Sankt-Peterburg, 2013.) CnoBo o nonKy M^opeBe, nOg peg. B.n. AHgpuaHOBOM-nepe^, MOcKBa, .eHuHrpag, 1950. (Slovo o polku Igoreve, pod red. V.P. Andrianovoj-Peretc. Moskva, Leningrad, 1950.) CMupHOBa, O.M., CBobHuu Kamano^ co^^uucKux MoHem. Epoma, MOcKBa, 1981. (Smirnova, O.I., Svodnyj katalogsogdijskih monet. Bronza, Moskva, 1981.) COpOKMH, C.C., KepaMuKa gpeBHerO XOTaHa, in: Apxeono^u^ecKuu c6opHuK ^ocy^apcmBeHHo^o ^pMumaMa, BbmycK 3: ^^oxa 6pOH3bi u paHHerO ^ene3a Cu6upu u CpegHen A3uu, .eHuHrpag, 1961, c. 195-209. (Sorokin, S.S., Keramika drevnjego Hotana, in: Arheologičeskij sbornik Gosudarstvennogo Ermitaža. Vypusk 3: Epoha bronzy i rannjego železa Sibiri i Srednej Azii, Leningrad, 1961, p. 195-209.) Gre6nuH-KaMeHcKuM, M.M., ^muMono^u^ecKuu cnoBapb BaxaHCKo^o H3UKa. CaHKT-neTep6ypr, 1999. (Steblin-Kamenskij, I.M., Etimologičeskij slovar vahanskogo jazyka. Sankt-Peterburg, 1999.) 118 KoHcmaHmuH PaxHO CynTaHrapeeBa, P.A., EawKupcKuu cBade6Ho-o6pndoBuU ifionbKnop, Y^a, 1994. (Sultangarjejeva, R.A., Baškirskij svadebno-obrjadovyj folklor, Ufa, 1994.) TadMUKCKue HapodHue CKa3KU, o6pa6oTKa u nepeBog KnaBguu ynyr-3age, flymaH6e, 1967. (Tadžykskije narodnyje skazki, obrabotka i perevod Klavdii Ulug-zade, Dušanbe, 1967.) TaTM^eB, Bacunun, Mcmopun PoccuucKan c caMUx dpeBHeumux BpeMeH, HeycunHUMu mpydaMU Hpe3 mpum^mb nem co6paHHan u onucaHHan n0K0UHUM maUHUM coBemHUKOM u acmpaxaHCKUM ^y6epHam0p0M, BacunbeM HuKumuneM TamumeBUM, KHura BTopaa, MocKBa, 1773. (Tatiščev, Vasilij, Istorija Rossijskaja s samyh drevnejyšyh vremen, neusypnymi trudami črez tritcat let sobrannaja i opisannaja pokojnym tajnym sovetnikom i astrahanskim gubernatorom, Vasiljem Nikitičem Tatiščevym, kniga vtoraja, Moskva, 1773.) TaTM^eB, B.H., Co6paHue conuHeHuu, tom IV: Mcmopun PoccuucKan. HacTb BTopaa, MocKBa, 1995. (Tatiščev, V.N., Sobranije sočinenij, tom IV: Istorija Rossijskaja. Čast vtoraja, Moskva, 1995.) TuxoHpaBOB, HuKonan, CnoBo o nonKy M^opeBe, u3daHo dnn ynamuxcn HuKonaeM TuxoHpaBoBUM, MocKBa, 1866. (Tihonravov, Nikolaj, Slovo o polku Igoreve, izdano dlja učaščihsja Nikolajem Tihonravovym, Moskva, 1866.) TKan, MuKona, «CnoBo o nonKy hopeBiM»: rpa^inHa peKoHcmpyK^n, nepeKnad, cnoBHUK-doBidHuK, Kuib, 2008. (Tkač, Mykola, «Slovo o polku Igorevim»: Grafična rekonstrukcija, pereklad, slovnyk-dovidnyk, Kyjiv, 2008.) Tohctob, C.n., ffpeBHuu Xope3M: Onum ucm0pUK0-apxe0n0^u^ecK0^0 uccnedoBaHun, MocKBa, 1948. (Tolstov, S.P., Drevnij Horezm: Opyt istoriko-arheologičeskogo issledovanija, Moskva, 1948.) TpecKoB, M.B., 0onbKnopHue cbh3u CeBepH0^0 KaBKa3a, HanbTOK, 1963. (Treskov, I.V., Folklornyje svjazi Severnogo Kavkaza, Nalčik, 1963.) TyannaroB, A.A., CKutfio-capMamcKuu Mup u HapmoBcKuu ^noc ocemuH, BnaguKaBKa3, 2001. (Tuallagov, A.A. Skifo-sarmatskij mir i nartovskij epos osetin. Vladikavkaz, 2001.) TypnaHuHoB, E®., ffpeBHue u cpedHeBeKoBue naMnmHUKu 0cemuHCK0^0 nucbMa u n3UKa, BnaguKaBKa3, 1990. (Turčaninov, G.F., Drevnije i srednevekovyje pamjatniki osetinskogo pisma i jazyka, Vladikavkaz, 1990.) ^uenbCTpyn, ®.A., M3 o6pndoBou MU3HU KUp^U30B Hanana XX BeKa. MocKBa, 2002. (Fielstrup, F.A., Iz obrjadovoj žizni kirgizov načala XX veka, Moskva, 2002.) ^rapaeB, Banepun, 3onoman n6noHn HapmoB: ucmopun, MU