UDK 5 ISSN 1408-533X AnnaleS Anali za istrske in mediteranske študije Annali di Studi istriani e mediterranei Annals for Istrian and Mediterranean Studies Series historia naturalis, 24, 2014, 2 KOPER 2014 Anali za istrske in mediteranske študije - Annali di Studi istriani e mediterranei - Annals for Istrian and Mediterranean Studies ISSN 1408-533X UDK 5 Letnik 24, leto 2014, številka 2 UREDNIŠKI ODBOR/ COMITATO DI REDAZIONE/ BOARD OF EDITORS: Glavni urednik/Redattore capo/ Editor in chief: Odgovorni urednik naravoslovja/ Redattore responsabile per le scienze naturali/Naturai Science Editor: Urednica/ Redattrice/Editor: Lektor/Supervisione/Language editor: Prevajalci/Traduttori/Translators: Oblikovalec/Progetto grafico/ Graphic design: Prelom/Composizione/Typesetting: Tisk/ Stampa/Print: Izdajatelj/Editore/Published by: Za izdajatelja/Per Editore/ Publisher represented by: Sedež uredništva/Sede della redazione/ Address of Editorial Board: Dunja Bandelj Mavsar, Nicola Bettoso (IT), Christian Capape (F), Darko Darovec, Dušan Devetak, Jakov Dulčic (HR), Serena Fonda Umani (IT), Andrej Gogala, Daniel Golani (IL), Mitja Kaligarič, Gregor Kovačič, Marcelo Kovačič (HR), Andrej Kranjc, Lovrenc Lipej, Alenka Malej, Patricija Mozetič, Martina Orlando - Bonaca, Michael Stachowitsch (A), Tom Turk, Elena Varljen Bužan Darko Darovec Lovrenc Lipej Patricija Mozetič Polona Šergon (sl.) Martina Orlando-Bonaca (sl./it.) Dušan Podgornik, Lovrenc Lipej Gratis trade d.o.o. Gratis trade d.o.o. Zgodovinsko društvo za južno Primorsko - Koper /Societa storica del Litorale - Capodistria© Salvator Žitko Nacionalni inštitut za biologijo, Morska biološka postaja Piran / Istituto nazionale di biologia, Stazione di biologia marina di Pirano / National Institute of Biology, Marine Biology Station Piran SI-6330 Piran /Pirano, Fornače/Fornace 41, tel.: +386 5 671 2900, fax 671 2901; e-mail: annales@mbss.org, internet: www.zdjp.si Redakcija te številke je bila zaključena 15. 12. 2014. Sofinancirajo/Supporto finanziario/ Javna agencija za raziskovalno dejavnost Republike Slovenije Financially supported by: (ARRS) Annales - series historia naturalis izhaja dvakrat letno. Naklada/Tiratura/Circulation: 300 izvodov/copie/copies Revija Annales series historia naturalis je vključena v naslednje podatkovne baze: BIOSIS-Zoological Record (UK); Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA); Elsevier B.V.: SCOPUS (NL). Anali za istrske in mediteranske študije - Annali di Studi istriani e mediterranei - Annals for Istrian and Mediterranean Studies UDK 5 Letnik 24, Koper 2014, številka 2 ISSN 1408-533X VSEBINA / INDICE GENERALE / CONTENTS RECENTNE SPREMEMBE V SREDOZEMSKI BIODIVERZITETI CAMBIAMENTI RECENTI DELLA BIODIVERSITÁ MEDITERRANEA RECENT CHANGES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN BIODIVERSITY Alenka MALEJ, Martin VODOPIVEC, Davor LUČIC, Ivona ONOFRI & Branka PESTORIC The lesser-known medusa Drymonema dalmatinum Haeckel 1880 (Scyphozoa, Discomedusae) in the Adriatic Sea....................... 79 Manj znana meduza Drymonema dalmatinum Haeckel 1880 (Scyphozoa, Discomedusae) v Jadranskem morju Mirko DUROVIC, Ana PEŠIC, Aleksandar JOKSIMOVIC & Jakov DULČIC Additional record of a Lessepsian migrant - the dusky spinefoot, Siganus luridus (Rüppell, 1829) in the eastern Adriatic (Montenegrin coast) .......... 87 Nov zapis o pojavljanju lesepskega selivca morskega kunca Siganus luridus (Rüppell, 1829) v vzhodnem Jadranu (črnogorska obala) SREDOZEMSKE HRUSTANČNICE PESCI CARTILAGINEI DEL MEDITERRANEO MEDITERRANEAN ELASMOBRANCHS Hakan KABASAKAL & Murat BILECENOGLU Not disappeared, just rare! Status of the bramble shark, Echinorhinus brucus (Elasmobranchii: Echinorhinidae) in the seas of Turkey............................................. 93 Status bodičastega morskega psa Echinorhinus brucus (Elasmobranchii: Echinorhinidae) v turških morjih: še vedno prisoten, čeprav redek Olfa EL KAMEL-MOUTALIBI, Néjia MNASRI-SIOUDI, Sihem RAFRAFI-NOUIRA & Moncef BOUMAIZA Additional records of a rare elasmobranch species, sharpnose seven-gill shark Heptranchias perlo (Hexanchidae) off the northern Tunisian coast (Central Mediterranean) .............................. 99 Dodatni zapisi o redkem morskem psu sedmeroškrgarju Heptranchias perlo (Hexanchidae) iz severnih tunizijskih voda (osrednje Sredozemlje) FLORA FLORA FLORA Martina ORLANDO-BONACA & Borut MAVRIČ Recurrence of Sargassum vulgare C. Agardh in Slovenian coastal waters (Adriatic Sea)............. 109 Ponovno pojavljanje vrste Sargassum vulgare C. Agardh v slovenskem obalnem morju (Jadransko morje) Barbara SLADONJA & Vesna BANOVAC-KUČA New records of Caulerpa cylindracea Sonder (Caulerpales, Chlorophyta) in Istria, Croatia.......... 115 Novi zapisi o pojavljanju alge Caulerpa cylindracea Sonder (Caulerpales, Chlorophyta) ob istrski obali (Hrvaška) FAVNA FAUNA FAUNA Lovrenc LIPEJ, Borut MAVRIČ, Jan SIMIČ & Domen TRKOV New records of opisthobranch gastropods in the waters off Slovenia (Gulf of Trieste, northern Adriatic Sea) .......................................... 123 Novi zapisi o pojavljanju polžev zaškrgarjev (Opisthobranchia) v vodah Slovenije (Tržaški zaliv, severni Jadran) Cristina COGLIEVINA, Manuel DE MUNARI, Domenico CIORCIARO & Donatella DEL PIERO The stock status of Callista chione (Linnaeus, 1758) exploited in the Gulf of Trieste..................... 129 Populacijski status školjke Callista chione (Linnaeus, 1758) v Tržaškem zalivu Marco BERTOLI, Marzia AZZONI & Elisabetta PIZZUL A comparison between biomonitoring methods for the analysis of macrobenthic invertebrate communities in different river types of Friuli Venezia Giulia........................................ 139 Primerjava metod biomonitoringa za analizo makrobentoških skupnosti nevretenčarjev v različnih rečnih tipih Furlanije - Julijske krajine DELA NAŠIH ZAVODOV IN DRUŠTEV ATTIVITÀ DEI NOSTRIISTITUTI E DELLE NOSTRE SOCIETÀ ACTIVITIES BY OUR INSTITUTIONS AND ASSOCIATIONS Brehm's Life of Animals from 1872 in Poreč, Croatia (Barbara Sladonja)................................... 149 Strokovna srečanja o ohranjanju ključnih sredozemskih morskih habitatnih tipov -Symposia on the conservation of Mediterranean marine key habitats, Portorož, 27. - 31. oktober 2014 (Robert Turk).............................................. 150 Prof. dr. Jadran Faganeli - prejemnik Velike nagrade Miroslava Zeia za življenjsko delo na področju dejavnosti Nacionalnega inštituta za biologijo (Lovrenc Lipej in Vlado Malačič) ............151 Navodila avtorjem ..............................................................................................153 Istruzioni per gli autori......................................................................................155 Instruction to authors ....................................................................................157 Kazalo k slikam na ovitku..........................................................................160 Index to images on the cover................................................................160 RECENTNE SPREMEMBE V SREDOZEMSKI BIODIVERZITETI CAMBIAMENTI RECENTI DELLA BIODIVERSITA MEDITERRANEA RECENT CHANGES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN BIODIVERSITY Original scientific article UDK 593.73:591.9(262.3) Received: 2014-10-20 THE LESSER-KNOWN MEDUSA DRYMONEMA DALMATINUM HAECKEL 1880 (SCYPHOZOA, DISCOMEDUSAE) IN THE ADRIATIC SEA Alenka MALEJ & Martin VODOPIVEC Marine Biology Station, National Institute of Biology, SI-6330 Piran, Fornace 41, Slovenia E-mail: malej@mbss.org Davor LUCIC & Ivona ONOFRI Institute for Marine and Coastal Research, University of Dubrovnik, POB 83, HR-20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia Branka PESTORIC Institute for Marine Biology, University of Montenegro, POB 69, ME-85330 Kotor, Montenegro ABSTRACT Authors report historical and recent records of the little-known medusa Drymonema dalmatinum in the Adriatic Sea. This large scyphomedusa, which may develop a bell diameter of more than 1 m, was first described in 1880 by Haeckel based on four specimens collected near the Dalmatian island Hvar. The paucity of this species records since its description confirms its rarity, however, in the last 15 years sightings of D. dalmatinum have been more frequent. Key words: scyphomedusa, Drymonema dalmatinum, historical occurrence, recent observations, Mediterranean Sea LA POCO NOTA MEDUSA DRYMONEMA DALMATINUM HAECKEL 1880 (SCYPHOZOA, DISCOMEDUSAE) NEL MARE ADRIATICO SINTESI Gli autori riportano segnalazioni storiche e recenti della poco conosciuta medusa Drymonema dalmatinum nel mare Adriatico. Questa grande scifomedusa, che pud sviluppare un cappello di diametro di oltre 1 m, e stata descrit-ta per la prima volta nel 1880 da Haeckel, in base a quattro esemplari catturati vicino all'isola di Lesina (Hvar) in Dalmazia. La scarsita delle segnalazioni di questa specie dalla sua prima descrizione conferma la sua rarita. Tuttavia, negli ultimi 15 anni gli avvistamenti di D. dalmatinum sono stati piu frequenti. Parole chiave: scifomedusa, Drymonema dalmatinum, avvistamenti storici, segnalazioni recenti, mare Mediterraneo Alenka MALEJ et al: THE LESSER-KNOWN MEDUSA DRYMONEMA DALMATINUM HAECKEL 1880 ..., 79-86 INTRODUCTION Large scyphomedusae are more common in cold seas and in the Mediterranean only a few species are known to reach more than 5 kg wet weight and exceed a bell diameter of 40 cm. Among these Rhizostoma pulmo is a rather common native species along Mediterranean coasts (Kogovsek et al., 2010; Fuentes et al., 2011). Pha-cellophora camtschatica is, in contrast, very rare in the Mediterranean and to our knowledge has not been observed since the late 1930s (Mayer, 1910; Fedele, 1937). Phyllorhiza punctata, another large-sized rhizostomid, was observed for the first time in the Mediterranean in 1965 off the Israeli coast (Galil et al., 1990) but has since been sighted only occasionally, mainly in the central Mediterranean (Abed-Navandi & Kikinger, 2007; Boero et al., 2009). Another large scyphomedusa Rhopilema nomadica is a Lessepsian invader that has been noted in the Mediterranean from the early 1970's (Galil et al., 1990). Since then this scyphomedusae swarms recurrently along the Levantine coast with serious economic and environmental consequences (Galil, 2012). Among native scyphomedusae found in the Mediterranean which may grow to an even larger size than these rhizostomids is the species Drymonema dalmati-num (Haeckel, 1880). Despite its conspicuous size this medusa has been very rarely observed in any Mediterranean area. The only recent information appears in Bayha & Dawson's (2010) description of a new scypho-zoan family Drymonematidae which mentions D. dal-matinum near Foga, Turkey. Mayer (1910) and Kramp (1961) listed two species: D. dalmatinum inhabiting the Mediterranean Sea and the West African coast, and Drymonema gorgo (Müller, 1883) from the Brazilian coast. According to Bayha & Dawson (2010) there are currently three valid Drymonema species from the three biogeographic provinces: D. dalmatinum from the Mediterranean (Haeckel, 1880), Drymonema larsoni (Bayha & Dawson, 2010) from the Caribbean and D. gorgo from the Brazilian provinces; authors also speculate that the medusa described from the west coast of Africa (Kramp, 1959) may be D. gorgo or a novel form characteristic of the Guinean or Benguelan provinces. In our contribution we review historical and recent observations of D. dalmatinum in the Mediterranean and specifically in the Adriatic Sea. Moreover, we provide new information improving the morphological description of this medusa. MATERIAL AND METHODS Our study of D. dalmatinum occurrences was focused on the Adriatic Sea, although, as far as possible, information was also collected from the other parts of the Mediterranean Sea. We have reviewed published data sources since Haeckel's first description of this species in 1880. Information on the recent occurrences of the studied species originates from the author's own observations as well as from informed citizens who provided photographs upon which the determination of species was based. With few exceptions, the photographers were also sources of information on the size of medusae. Photographs were also used for the description of the main characteristics of medusae. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Figure 1 shows locations and dates of historical and recent D. dalmatinum sightings in the Adriatic Sea while in Table 1 we report on sources of information and give some data on the size of medusae observed in the Adriatic and the Mediterranean Sea. Historical occurrence In his publication System der Acraspeden Haeckel (1880) gave the first but only a brief diagnosis of D. dalmatinum (p. 642/3) based on four medusae that were given to him by G. Bucic. The well-known Croatian naturalist Bucic (Dulcic, 2001) collected medusae near the southern Adriatic island Hvar. The medusa name is derived from the A^uo^ = a wood, vr||ia = threads, and the place (Dalmatia) where they were found. In the second part of Monographie der Medusen which appeared translated into English in the Challenger Report, Haeck- Fig. 1: Scheme of the Adriatic Sea with marked places/ dates of Drymonema dalmatinum sightings. Sl. 1: Shematski prikaz Jadranskega morja z označenimi mesti in leti opazovanj dalmatinske lasaste meduze (Drymonema dalmatinum) Alenka MALEJ et al: THE LESSER-KNOWN MEDUSA DRYMONEMA DALMATINUM HAECKEL 1880 ..., 79-86 Tab. 1: Drymonema dalmatinum observations in the Mediterranean Sea since its description by Haeckel (1880). In situ estimated size (bell diameter) marked by *, other measurements on fixed material. Tab. 1: Pregled pojavov dalmatinske lasaste meduze Drymonema dalmatinum v Sredozemskem morju od njenega opisa l. 1880 (Haeckel, 1880). Premer klobuka, ocenjen in situ, je označen z *, ostale meritve opravljene na fiksi-ranem materialu Locality Date obs. No. ind. observed Depth obs. Estimated size (bell diameter) Comments & Source Gibraltar Strait 16 Jan 1873 1097 m fragments Haeckel, fragments in samples Challenger exp. stat. 4 (Haeckel, 1882) Gulf of Izmir, eastern Mediterranean Sea 1887 bloom shallow 50 - >100 cm*, 10-25 cm Haeckel's samples examined by Antipa (1892). Large ind. observed by Haeckel in situ, measurements of preserved medusae by Antipa Hvar, southern Adriatic 1879 four 12-16 cm Haeckel, material provided by Grgur Bucic (Haeckel, 1880) Gulf of Trieste, northern Adriatic 1879-1882 fragments Fragments in samples, Graeffe also observed Cyanea-like medusa at sea which escaped (Graeffe, 1884) North-eastern Kotor Bay, southern Adriatic 29 May 1908 several in group 3 m 12 cm Babic observed several individuals which escaped; one individual sampled and analysed (Babic, 1910, 2013) Limski channel, northern Adriatic 20 Apr 1937 three shallow water 9.5 cm Kolosvary (1937), Stiasny examined Kolosvary's material (Stiasny 1940a, b) Bay of Zrnovnica, northern Adriatic 3 Nov 1984 one 6 m 50 cm* This paper (photo credit C. Mlinar) Orahovac, Kotor Bay, southern Adriatic 12 Jun, 3 and 14 Jul, 10 Aug 2001 two, one, one, one few m This paper (own observations, photo credit V. Macic) Foga, eastern Mediterranean Sea 19 May 2003 five surface Bayha et al. (2010) Murter, middle Adriatic 11 May 2010 one few m 40 cm* This paper (photo credit B. Ramesa). North-eastern Kotor Bay, southern Adriatic 2 Jun 2014 one surface 35 cm* This paper (own observations, photo credit V. Macic ) Piran, northern Adriatic 5 Jun 2014 one surface 60 cm* This paper (own observations, photo credit A. Popovic, T. Makovec) Lignano, northern Adriatic 6 Aug 2014 one few m 50 cm* www.blueblog.net/p=2483 Piran near buoy VIDA, northern Adriatic 6 Aug 2014 one 3 m >60 cm* This paper (own observations) Risan, Kotor Bay, southern Adriatic 8 Aug 2014 one few m 20 cm This paper (own observations, photo credit V. Macic) Alenka MALEJ et al: THE LESSER-KNOWN MEDUSA DRYMONEMA DALMATINUM HAECKEL 1880 ..., 79-86 el (1882) gave the most in depth description we have of D. dalmatinum (p. 124-132, pis. 30, 31). The medusa was renamed as Drymonema victoria, and Haeckel added additional information obtained from material collected in the Strait of Gibraltar considering this medusa as a deep-water species. Mayer (1910) who reviewed g. Drymonema concluded that there was only one Mediterranean species, namely D. dalmatinum. Haeckel also created a new subfamily Drymonemidae within f. Cyaneidae recognizing differences among Drymonema and the other cyaneid genera. Graeffe (1884, p. 342) described numerous fragments of 'cyaneid-like oral curtains' in the collection of preserved plankton samples (1879-1882) from the Gulf of Trieste that might be fragments of Drymonema. Carus (1885) in his Prodromus Faunae Mediterraneae mentioned D. dalmatinum from Hvar and, in addition, he reported on another cyaneid Cyanea lamarckii collected near Nice (France). Babic (1910, p. 226-227), who observed and collected D. dalmatinum in the southern Adriatic, speculated that Cyanea lamarckii found near Nice was misidentified and was probably also Drymonema. Babic (1913) also reported his finding of Drymonema off the north-eastern coast of Kotor Bay in his review of planktonic coelenter-ates from the Adriatic. During his second trip to Asia Minor in 1887 Haeckel found 'the entire Gulf of Izmir filled with numerous medusae that belonged to the Drymonemidae' (Antipa, 1892). Since medusae were found by a place called Cordelio, Haeckel named them Drymonema cordelio. As he did not have time to examine sampled and preserved material himself, Haeckel passed medusae to An-tipa who analysed 10 individuals and described them, keeping the name D. cordelio. The medusae observed in life were very large having an average bell diameter of about 50 cm, the largest exceeding 100 cm (Antipa, 1892). There were no further observations of Drymonema in the Adriatic since Babic's (1910) finding in Kotor Bay (southern Adriatic) till the late 1930s. In 1937 Kolosvary collected three individuals in the Limski Channel (northern Adriatic) and reported this finding in his contributions on the Adriatic coelenterates (Kolosvary, 1937, 1945). Stiasny, who examined the collection of Rhizostomida of the British Museum of Natural History in London, (Stiasny, 1931), mentioned some other remarkable 'pieces' of this museum's Scyphomedusae collection among which was also Haeckel's D. dalmatinum from Hvar. Stiasny who 'tried for many years to obtain at least one sample of this beautiful medusa' (Stiasny, 1940a) received one specimen from Kolosvary; he also obtained a photograph of Drymonema swimming freely in the Rovinj Aquarium from Prof. A. Steuer (Stiasny, 1940a, p. 16, Abb 1). Stiasny described the Kolosvary specimen in detail (Stiasny, 1940b) and kept Haeckel's original name of D. dalmatinum. Later it was listed in a review of Scyphomedusae in the Adriatic Sea (Avian & Rottini Sandrini, 1994). Recent observations and species description We have found no information on Drymonema in the Adriatic from 1937 till 1984 when a diver photographed one individual in the small eastern Adriatic Bay of Zrnovnica (Tab. 1, Fig. 1, Fig. 2c). On the other hand there were several observations from 2000 to the present in the northern, middle and southern Adriatic with most sightings in the southern Adriatic. Medusae were seen in the upper water column (Tab. 1) with the ex-umbrella prevailingly oriented upwards or, more rarely, side-wards with tentacles trailing below (Fig. 2a-f). The size of the observed individuals varied from rather small (20 cm bell diameter) to very large (> 60 cm). The following is a description of the Adriatic specimens based on observations and underwater photography of specimens with bell diameters from 20 to 60 cm (Fig. 2a-f): The umbrella is in the form of a flat disc consisting of a thicker and more rigid central part and a thin peripheric velarium with 20 lappets per octant. Four oral arms are very broad, have a large, curtain-like surface, and are nearly as long as the diameter of the bell. There are four, long-band shaped gonads (Fig. 2a). In larger specimens there are clear brownish radial strakes on the exumbrellar surface that branch towards the bell margin (Fig. 2b) while in smaller specimens they are not so obvious. Tentacles are numerous, of unequal lengths and thickness, originate diffusely (Fig. 2c, d, f) from a wide zone of the subumbrella and do not appear in clusters as in genera Desmonema and Cyanea. The colour of larger specimens is darker (Fig. 2d, e) than that of smaller (Fig. 2f) which appear nearly transparent. Temporal and spatial variations Stiasny (1940b) suggested an approx. 30-year periodicity for this species based on records of Drymonema in the Adriatic since its description till 1940. However, in the last 40 years, D. dalmatinum was more frequently observed, i.e. in 1984, 2001, 2010 and 2014 with more sightings in the southern Adriatic (Tab. 1). With one exception, individuals observed in the middle and northern Adriatic were larger than those observed in the southern Adriatic (Tab. 1). We therefore speculate that specimens observed in the northern Adriatic were drifted from the south by currents during the winter-spring period when currents in a northern direction dominate general circulation in the eastern Adriatic Sea (Poulain, 2001; Vilibic & Orlic, 2002) and by SE winds (scirocco or jugo) which were very frequent this winter. Indeed, current measurements in 2014 at the location of oceanographic buoy Vida (45° 32' 55.68'' N, 13° 33' 1.89'' E; http:// buoy.mbss.org/) before Drymonema sightings in the Gulf of Trieste showed a prevalent component in the northern direction, which might indicate that Drymonema was brought from the south in the days before it's capture. Alenka MALEJ et al: THE LESSER-KNOWN MEDUSA DRYMONEMA DALMATINUM HAECKEL 1880 ..., 79-86 Fig. 2a: D. dalmatinum collected on 2 June 2014 in Boka Kotorska, bell diameter 35 cm. Sl. 2a: Dalmatinska lasasta meduza, ulovljena 2. 6. 2014 v Boki Kotorski, premer klobuka 35 cm Fig. 2b: D. dalmatinum collected on 2 June 2014 in Boka Kotorska, bell diameter 35 cm. Sl. 2b: Dalmatinska lasasta meduza, ulovljena 2. 6. 2014 v Boki Kotorski, premer klobuka 35 cm Fig. 2c: D. dalmatinum photographed on 3 November 1984 in Bay of Žrnovica, bell diameter 50 cm. Sl. 2c: Dalmatinska lasasta meduza, fotografirana 3. 11. 1984 v zalivu Žrnovnica, premer klobuka 50 cm Fig. 2d: D. dalmatinum photographed on 11 May 2010, Murter, bell diameter 40 cm. Sl. 2d: Dalmatinska lasasta meduza, fotografirana 11. 5. 2010 pri otoku Murter, premer klobuka 40 cm Fig. 2e: D. dalmatinum photographed on 5 June 2014 in Piran port, bell diameter 60 cm. Sl. 2e: Dalmatinska lasasta meduza, fotografirana 5. 6. 2014 v piranskem pristanišču, premer klobuka 60 cm Fig. 2f: D. dalmatinum photographed on 8 August 2014 in Boka Kotorska, bell diameter 20 cm. Sl. 2f: Dalmatinska lasasta meduza, fotografirana 8. 8. 2014 v Boki Kotorski, premer klobuka 20 cm Alenka MALEJ et al: THE LESSER-KNOWN MEDUSA DRYMONEMA DALMATINUM HAECKEL 1880 ..., 79-86 If we assume a similar growth rate as determined for D. dalmatinum from the Caribbean Sea (Larson 1987), medusae could reach the size observed in the Gulf of Trieste (between 50 and 60 bell diameter) in about 3 - 4 months which is consistent with the estimated time of travel if we take into the account current speeds ranging from 5 to 10 cm/s. Larson (1987) maintained Drymonema on a diet of Aurelia medusae which were also shown to be heavily preyed upon by D. larsoni in northern Mexico (Bayha et al., 2012). Since the 1980s an increase of Aurelia aurita bloom incidence has been observed in the northern Adriatic (Kogovsek et al., 2010). Blooms have been recorded annually (Malej et al., 2012) since the early 2000s consistent with an observed pelagic trophic shift (Mozetic et al., 2012). It's interesting to note that a high abundance of A. aurita was also recorded during several years from 1874 - 1911 (see Table 1 in Kogovsek et al., 2010) when Drymonema was noted in the Adriatic Sea. However, while in the Adriatic D. dalmatinum has been observed only sporadically with few individuals, it formed large blooms in the Caribbean Sea where Williams et al. (2001) observed that an Aurelia outbreak preceded and coincided with the population explosion of Drymonema. With the increase of Aurelia blooms in the Adriatic, we may therefore expect that we will have the opportunity to observe and study D. dalmatinum more frequently in the near future. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank Vesna Macic, Tihomir Makovec, Ciril Mlinar, Aleksandra Popovic, Branko Ramesa, Valter Ziza, fishermen and divers for Drymonema photographs and reports of this medusa. This work was supported by Slovenian Research Agency program P1-0237, EU FP7 project PERSEUS, the Ministry of Science, Education and Sport of R Croatia and the Ministry of Science and Education of R Montenegro. Alenka MALEJ et al: THE LESSER-KNOWN MEDUSA DRYMONEMA DALMATINUM HAECKEL 1880 ..., 79-86 MANJ ZNANA MEDUZA DRYMONEMA DALMATINUM HAECKEL 1880 (SCYPHOZOA, DISCOMEDUSAE) V JADRANSKEM MORJU Alenka MALEJ & Martin VODOPIVEC Morska biološka postaja, Nacionalni inštitut za biologijo, SI-6330 Piran, Fornače 41 E-mail: malej@mbss.org Davor LUČIC & Ivona ONOFRI Institute for Marine and Coastal Research, University of Dubrovnik, POB 83, HR-20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia Branka PESTORIC Institute for Marine Biology, University of Montenegro, POB 69, ME-85330 Kotor, Montenegro POVZETEK Avtorji v prispevku predstavljajo malo znano klobučnjaško meduzo Drymonema dalmatinum (dalmatinska la-sasta meduza). Prvič jo je opisal Haeckel (1880) ravno na osnovi vzorcev meduz iz Jadranskega morja. Klobuk dalmatinske lasaste meduze lahko doseže premer preko enega metra, vendar so bili primerki iz Jadranskega morja manjši, največji so imeli premer okoli 60 cm. Na osnovi historičnih virov in novejših opazovanj avtorji v prispevku podajajo časovni pregled opazovanj te meduze od konca 19. stoletja do danes. Stiasny (1940b) je predlagal 30-letni ciklus pojavljanja, vendar smo v zadnjih desetletjih zabeležili pojave l. 1984, 2001, 2010 in 2014. Dalmatinska lasa-sta meduza je bila bolj pogosto zabeležena v južnem Jadranu, opazovani primerki pa so bili manjših dimenzij kot v severnem Jadranu, kar nakazuje njen transport z vodnimi masami ob vzhodnojadranski obali proti severu. Podatki iz literature kažejo, da so pomemben plen dalmatinske lasaste meduze uhati klobučnjaki, za katere v obdobju po letu 1980, zlasti pa po l. 2000, v severnem Jadranu ugotavljamo pogostejše masovno pojavljanje. Ključne besede: redek klobučnjak, dalmatinska lasasta meduza, historični zapisi, nova opazovanja Alenka MALEJ et al: THE LESSER-KNOWN MEDUSA DRYMONEMA DALMATINUM HAECKEL 1880 ..., 79-86 REFERENCES Abed-Navandi, D. & R. Kikinger (2007): First record of the tropical scyphomedusa Phyllorhiza punctata von Lendenfeld, 1884 (Cnidaria: Rhizostomeae) in the Central Mediterranean Sea. Aquatic Invasions, 2, 391-394. Antipa, G. (1892): Eine neue Art von Drymonema. Jen. Z. Naturwiss., 27, 337-345. Avian, M. & L. Rottini Sandrini (1994): History of Scyphomedusae in the Adriatic. Boll. Soc. Adriat. Sci., 75, 5-12. Babic, K. (1910): Prilog fauni Jadranskog mora. Rad JAZU, 183, 207-227. Babic, K. (1913): Planktonicki celenterati iz Jadranskog mora. Rad JAZU, 200, 186-202. Bayha, K. M. & M. N. Dawson (2010): New family of allomorphic jellyfishes, Drymonematidae (Scyphozoa, Discomedusae), emphasizes evolution in the functional morphology and trophic ecology of gelatinous zooplankton. Biol. 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Short scientific article UDK 597.556.33:574.91(262.3) Received: 2014-09-24 ADDITIONAL RECORD OF A LESSEPSIAN MIGRANT - THE DUSKY SPINEFOOT, SIGANUS LURIDUS (RGPPELL, 1829) IN THE EASTERN ADRIATIC (MONTENEGRIN COAST) Mirko DUROVIC, Ana PESlC & Aleksandar JOKSIMOVIC Institute for Marine Biology, University of Montenegro, POB 69, ME-85330 Kotor, Montenegro E-mail: acojo@ac.me Jakov DULCIC Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, POB 500, HR-21000 Split, Croatia ABSTRACT A specimen of Siganus luridus was caught with trammel net on 7 September 2014 in Bigova (cape Traste) (southern Adriatic Sea, Montenegrin coast). This is the first record of this species for Montenegrin coast, and fourth for the Adriatic Sea. Key words: Siganus luridus, additional record, Lessepsian migrant, Montenegrin coast, Adriatic Sea SEGNALAZIONI AGGIUNTIVE DI UN MIGRANTE LESSEPSIANO - IL PESCE CONIGLIO, SIGANUS LURIDUS (RÜPPELL, 1829), NELL'ADRIATICO ORIENTALE (COSTA MONTENEGRINA) SINTESI Un esemplare di pesce coniglio, Siganus luridus, è stato catturato con tramaglio il 7 settembre 2014 a Bigova (punta Traste) (Adriatico meridionale, costa montenegrina). Si tratta del primo avvistamento di questa specie per la costa montenegrina ed il quarto per il mare Adriatico. Parole chiave: Siganus luridus, segnalazioni aggiuntive, migrante lessepsiano, costa montenegrina, mare Adriatico INTRODUCTION Thirteen species of Lessepsian fish migrants have been recently reported from the Adriatic Sea (Dulcic & Dragicevic, 2011). Among them, the dusky spinefoot Siganus luridus (Ruppell, 1829) was recorded in at least three occasions (Poloniato et al., 2010; Dulcic et al., 2011, 2013). Its first record in the Mediterranean dates back to 1955 from the coast of Israel (Ben-Tuvia, 1964) and shortly after its discovery it became very common in most coastal areas of the Mediterranean (see Dulcic et al., 2011). The aim of this paper is to present additional record of dusky spinefoot S. luridus in the eastern Adriatic, which is at the same time the first record in waters off Montenegro. MATERIAL AND METHODS A male specimen of S. luridus was caught with trammel net on 7 September 2014 in Bigova (cape Traste) (southern Adriatic Sea, Montenegrin coast) at a depth of approximately 4 m, on a rocky bottom (Fig. 1). Main distinguishing characters of the specimen are: body deep, ellipsoid, compressed; dorsal fin origin above pectoral fin base; dorsal ray portion margin round; caudal fin truncated; anal fin origin beneath 810 dorsal spines, its margin round; pelvic fin origin behind pectoral fin base, its inner spine connected by a membrane to the abdomen; head slightly concave with blunt snout; mouth small with distinct lips; maxilla not reaching vertical of eye. The morphology of the observed specimen agrees with taxonomic description in Dulcic & Dragicevic (2011). The specimen was carefully measured with a calliper and weighed. The specimen is preserved and Fig. 1: A specimen of Siganus luridus caught in Bigova (cape Trašte) (southern Adriatic Sea, Montenegrin coast). (Photo: Z. Ikica) Sl. 1: Primerek morskega kunca Siganus luridus, ujet v Bigovi (rt Trašte) (južni Jadran, črnogorska obala). (Foto: Z. Ikica) deposited in the Ichthyological collection of the Institute for Marine Biology in Kotor (IBMKotor-179SL). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Basic morphometric data are given in Table 1 for comparative purposes with other studies. Meristic data are as follows: dorsal fin rays XIV+10, anal fin rays VII+9, pectoral fin rays 16, pelvic fin rays I+3+I, caudal fin rays 19. Morphometric measurements are in agreement with those presented by Dulcic et al. (2013). The first record of the dusky spinefoot in the northern Adriatic Sea is from 2010 from the Gulf of Trieste (Poloniato et al., 2010) (Fig. 2). A second record occurred in the southern Adriatic (Mljet channel) the very same year in the month of November (Dulcic et al., 2011). Juveniles were for the first time observed in Molunat Bay (southern Adriatic, Croatian coast) on 15 December 2011 (Dulcic et al., 2013). All these records, including the record from this study, could indicate self-sustaining populations, especially in the southern Adriatic. Records of juvenile stages support such statement and indicate possible local reproductive activities of species. Golani et al. (2011) noted that it is universally accepted that the immediate publication of the first record of an invasive species is essential, but it is no less important to publish second and Tab. 1: Basic morphometric measurements for S. luridus from Montenegrin waters. Tab. 1: Osnovne morfometrične meritve morskega kunca, ujetega v črnogorskih vodah Morphometric measurement cm % TL Total length (TL) 17.4 100 Fork length (FL) 16.8 96.6 Standard length (SL) 14.6 83.9 Pre-ocular length (POC) 1.4 Eye diameter (O) 1.2 Post-ocular length (ZOC) 1.1 Head length (LC) 3.2 18.4 Abdominal length (LTR) 2.3 Pre-anal length (PA) 6.1 35.1 Tail length (LCA) 10.4 59.8 Tail fin length (C) 2.6 Caudal peduncle length (PC) 1.6 Minimum body height (h) 0.5 Maximum body height (H) 5.7 Pectoral fin length (LP) 2.8 Anal fin base length (BA) 6 34.5 Dorsal fin base length (BD) 10 57.5 Fig. 2: Map indicating locations of records of S. luridus in the eastern Adriatic. Northern Adriatic: Gulf of Trieste, 2010 (Poloniato et al., 2010); southern Adriatic: Island of Mljet, 2010 (Dulčic et al., 2011), Molunat Bay, 2011 (Dulčic et al., 2013), present study, 2014. Sl. 2: Zemljevid z lokalitetami ujetih morskih kuncev v vzhodnem Jadranu. Severni Jadran: Tržaški zaliv, 2010 (Poloniato et al., 2010); južni Jadran: otok Mljet, 2010 (Dulčic et al., 2011), zaliv Molunat, 2011 (Dulčic et al., 2013), pričujoče delo, 2014 subsequent records of the invasive species in order to verify the establishment and distribution extension in its new habitat. Subsequent records indicate that previous records of some species in new geographic region were not accidental sightings of fish but represent a possibility that this region is included in the zoogeographic range of these fish species (Golani & Levy, 2005). It should be also noted that all of these records occurred exclusively along the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea and can be associated with the effects of the Adriatic ingressions and BiOS (Bimodal Oscillating System) (Ci-vitarese et al., 2010; Dulcic et al., 2011). Ben Ras Lasram et al. (2008) reported that dusky spinefoot has a strong dispersal potential and its success should be attributed to its large eco-physiological plasticity. S. luridus seems to take competitive advantage over native herbivorous fish species such as sale-ma Sarpa salpa and wrasses (family Labridae) in its new environment (Bariche et al., 2004), and has already altered the community structure and the native food web along the Levantine rocky infralittoral zone. Due to the increasing occurrence of this species in the eastern Adriatic Sea similar effects may be also expected in the near future in the Adriatic environment and as such its impact certainly deserves full attention. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are thankful to Mr Nikola Lazarevic (Dado) for providing us the specimen of dusky spinefoot. We are also thankful to Mr Zdravko Ikica for a photo of the specimen. NOV ZAPIS O POJAVLJANJU LESEPSKEGA SELIVCA MORSKEGA KUNCA SIGANUS LURIDUS (RUPPELL, 1829) V VZHODNEM JADRANU (ČRNOGORSKA OBALA) Mirko DUROVIC, Ana PEŠIC & Aleksandar JOKSIMOVIC Institute for Marine Biology, University of Montenegro, POB 69, ME-85330 Kotor, Montenegro E-mail: acojo@ac.me Jakov DULČIC Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, POB 500, HR-21000 Split, Croatia POVZETEK Primerek morskega kunca Siganus luridus je bil 7. septembra 2014 ujet s povlečno mrežo v Bigovi (rt Trašte, južni Jadran, Črna gora). To je prvi zapis o pojavljanju te vrste ob črnogorski obali in četrti za Jadransko morje. Ključne besede: Siganus luridus, novi zapis, lesepska selivka, črnogorska obala, Jadransko morje REFERENCES Bariche, M., Y. Letourneur & M. Harmelin-Vivien (2004): Temporal fluctuations and settlement pattern of native and Lessepsian herbivorous fishes on the Lebanese coast (eastern Mediterranean). Environ. Biol. Fishes, 70, 81-90. Ben Ras Lasram, F., J. A. Tomasini, F. Guilhaumon, M. S. Rondhame, T. Do Chi & D. Moulliot (2008): Ecological correlates of dispersal success in Lessepsian fishes. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 363, 273-286. Ben-Tuvia, A. (1964): Two siganid fishes of red Sea origin in the eastern Mediterranean. Bull. Sea Fish. Res. Stn., 37, 1-9. Civitarese, G., M. Gačic, M. Lipizer & G. I. Eusebi Borzelli (2010): On the impact of the Bimodal Oscillating System (BiOS) on the biogeochemistry and biology of the Adriatic and Ionian Seas (Eastern Mediterranean). Biogeosciences, 7, 3987-3997. Dulčic, J. & B. Dragičevic. (2011): Nove ribe Jad-ranskog i Sredozemnog mora. Institut za oceanografiju i ribarstvo, Split, Državni zavod za zaštitu prirode, Zagreb, 160 pp. Dulcic, J., B. Dragicevic, R. Grgicevic & L. Lipej (2011): First substantiated record of a Lessepsian migrant - the dusky spinefoot, Siganus luridus (Actinopte-rygii: Perciformes: Siganidae), in the Adriatic Sea. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat., 41, 141-143. Dulcic, J., N. Antolovic, V. Kozul, B. Dragicevic & L. Lipej (2013): First records of juveniles of two Lessepsian migrants, Fistularia commersonii Ruppell, 1838 and Siganus luridus (Ruppell, 1829), in the Adriatic Sea. J. Appl. Ichthyol., 29, 661-662. Golani, D. & Y. Levy (2005): New records and rare occurrences of fish species from the Mediterranean coast of Israel. Zool. Middle East, 36, 27-32. Golani, D., O. Sonin & D. Edelist (2011): Second records of the Lessepsian fish migrants Priacanthus sagittarius and Platax teira and distribution extension of Ty-lerius spinosissimus in the Mediterranean. Aquatic Invasions, 6 (Suppl. 1), 7-11. Poloniato, D., S. Ciriaco, R. Odorico, J. Dulcic & L. Lipej (2010): First record of the dusky spinefoot Siganus luridus (Ruppell, 1829) in the Adriatic Sea. Annales, Ser. Hist. Nat., 20 (2), 161-166. SREDOZEMSKE HRUSTANČNICE PESCI CARTILAGINEI DEL MEDITERRANEO MEDITERRANEAN ELASMOBRANCHS Original scientific article UDK 597.315.3:591.9(262.4/.5) Received: 2014-08-07 NOT DISAPPEARED, JUST RARE! STATUS OF THE BRAMBLE SHARK, ECHINORHINUS BRUCUS (ELASMOBRANCHII: ECHINORHINIDAE) IN THE SEAS OF TURKEY Hakan KABASAKAL Ichthyological Research Society, Tantavi Mahallesi, Mente^oglu Caddesi, Idil Apt., No: 30, D: 4, Umraniye, TR-34764 Istanbul, Turkey E-mail: kabasakal.hakan@gmail.com Murat BILECENOGLU Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, Department of Biology, 09010, Aydin, Turkey ABSTRACT Status of the bramble shark, Echinorhinus brucus (Bonnaterre,1788), in the seas of Turkey has always been a point of debate until early 2000's. With the addition of 7 recent records from the seas of Turkey, which constitues the 22.5 percent of the historical and contemporary records of the bramble shark from entire Mediterranean Sea, 31 individuals of E. brucus have been recorded from the entire region, and the record no. 7 of the present study is probably the most recently captured bramble shark, to date. Since 5 of the 7 recent records of E. brucus have been reported from the Sea of Marmara, special attention of research should be focused to this small inland sea to figure out whether this species has a localized population in this region or not. Key words: bramble shark, Echinorhinus brucus, Echinorhinidae, status, Turkey, Mediterranean NON SCOMPARSO, SOLO RARO! STATO DELLO SQUALO RONCO, ECHINORHINUS BRUCUS (ELASMOBRANCHII: ECHINORHINIDAE) NEI MARI DELLA TURCHIA SINTESI Lo stato dello squalo ronco, Echinorhinus brucus (Bonnaterre, 1788), nei mari della Turchia e sempre stato un punto di discussione, fin dai primi anni 2000. Con l'aggiunta di sette avvistamenti recenti nei mari della Turchia, che rappresentano il 22,5 per cento delle segnalazioni storiche e contemporanee del ronco in tutto il Mediterraneo, il numero di individui di E. brucus registrati in questa regione sale a 31. La segnalazione numero 7 delpresente studio e probabilmente la cattura piu recente del ronco ad oggi. Visto che 5 delle 7 recenti segnalazioni di E. brucus risalgono al Mar di Marmara, la ricerca dovrebbe prestare particolare attenzione a questo piccolo mare interno, per capire se la specie ha o meno una popolazione localizzata in questa regione. Parole chiave: squalo ronco, Echinorhinus brucus, Echinorhinidae, stato, Turchia, mare Mediterraneo INTRODUCTION Bramble shark, Echinorhinus brucus (Bonnaterre, 1788), is primarily a deepwater species on the continental slope between depths of 200 and 900 metres (Serena, 2005). At least in one case it has been recorded at depth of 1214 m in the Sea of Marmara (Kabasakal et al., 2005). It is considered to be fairly common in all three oceans (Compagno, 1984; McEachran & Branstet-ter, 1984), with localized records throughout its global distributional range. Although E. brucus is known from the western and central parts of the Mediterranean Sea, it is considered as a rare deep sea shark in the area (Tor-tonese, 1956; Hemida & Capapé, 2002; Lipej et al., 2004; Serena, 2005). E. brucus has been included by De Maddalena & Baensch (2008) in a list of the 13 most endangered species of Mediterranean sharks, needing immediate protection in the area because at risk of total disappearance from these waters. First reports on the occurrence of the bramble shark in Turkey's waters dated back to Ninni (1923) and De-veciyan (1926). In his monumental book on fishes and fisheries of Turkey's waters, Deveciyan (1926) briefly reported on E. brucus (as Echinorhinus spinosus), and in contrast to aforementioned authors emphasizing the rarity of the bramble shark in the Mediterranean Sea, Deveciyan (1926) claimed that E. brucus was abundant in Turkey's waters and consumed by the people. Following Deveciyan's (1926) work, occurrence of E. brucus in Turkey's waters has also been reported by Ak^iray (1987); however, this author did not describe precise captures. Furthermore, due to lack of the bramble shark in the fishery records since 1980s, Kabasakal (2002) suggested that the species had probably disappeared from the seas of Turkey. However, recent sightings (Kabasakal et al., 2005) or captures (Kabasakal & Dalyan, 2011) of specimens from the Sea of Marmara showed that E. brucus still occurs in the region. In the present article, authors report on three recent captures of E. brucus from Turkey's waters and based on available data, discuss the status of the species in the area. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study is part of an extensive research on sharks from Turkey's waters, which has been carried out by Ichthyological Research Society (IRS) since 2000. Data on bramble sharks have been collected from the following sources: (a) scientific literature, (b) daily newspapers and internet sources, as far as such popular sources are concerned, the validity of the recordings has been confirmed by means of direct contact with the fishermen reported in the source, and (c) visiting the fishing ports. For each examined bramble shark, the following data were recorded: total length (TL), weight (W), sex, date and locality, fishing gear and depth. TL is the horizontal line from tip of snout to tip of the upper lobe Fig. 1: General view of the study area and the localities of captures of recently recorded bramble sharks from Aegean and Marmara seas. Legend: (•)previously reported specimens, (▲) specimens examined in the present study. Numbers are same as the numbers seen in "No." column in Table 1. Sl. 1: Prikaz širšega območja in lokalitete, kjer so bili v zadnjem desetletju ujeti bodičasti morski psi v Ege-jskem in Marmarskem morju. Legenda: (•) predhodno potrjeni primerki, (▲) primerki, obravnavani v pričujočem delu. Številke se ujemajo s številkami iz tabele 1 (stolpec "No") of caudal fin, where the caudal fin depressed to body axis (Serena, 2005). Identification and nomenclature of the present specimens are based on Compagno (1984) and Serena (2005). Photographs of the examined bramble sharks, of which the details are described below, are kept in the archives of IRS. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION On 13 May 2005, a bramble shark (record no. 2, Fig. 2A, B) was caught by a commercial bottom trawler off the Karaburun coast (Aegean Sea, Fig. 1). Total length of the shark was 230 cm. After being landed at the izmir fish market, the head was removed and photographed by the second author. Another bramble shark (record no. 6, Fig. 2C) was caught on 19 May 2010 by a commercial gill-netter, 2 km off Yalova coast (Sea of Marmara, Fig. 1) at depth of 300 m. It was a female of 220 cm TL and its mass was 300 kg. The third examined individual was also a female of 200 cm TL and 140 kg in weight (record no. 7, Fig. 2D). It has been caught by a commercial gill-netter off Karaburun coast on January 6, 2013. Fig. 2: Specimens of the bramble shark, Echinorhinus brucus, recently caught off Turkey's coast. (A) specimen no. 2, (B) close up view of the teeth of specimen no. 2, (C) specimen no. 6, and (D) specimen no. 7, examined in the present study. Specimen numbers are same as the numbers seen in "No." column in Table 1. Sl. 2: Primerki bodičastih morskih psov, Echinorhinus brucus, ki so bili v zadnjem desetletju ujeti ob turških obalah. (A) primerek št. 2, (B) bližinski posnetek zobovja primerka št. 2, (C) primerek št. 6 in (D) primerek št. 7, analiziran v pričujočem delu. Številke primerkov so enake številkam v tabeli 1(stolpec "No.") The following description of E. brucus is based on above specimens, which are shown in Figures 2A-D: body elongated and rather cylindrical, lateral line beginning at the level of the first gill opening and consisting of a marked furrow flanked on both sides by a cutaneous ridge (Fig. 2D), head flattened above, ending with a broadly rounded snout, eyes are rather circular with a small spiracle behind them, large nostrils with a long and acute nasal valve (Fig. 2A), rather closer to mouth than to the tip of the snout, five pairs of relatively small gill slits, all located anteriorly to pectoral fin origin, first gill slits shorter than the following, no anal fin, dorsal fins located backward, first dorsal fin origin located over pelvic fins; first dorsal fin slightly larger than second (Fig. 2D). Teeth in both jaws exhibiting a pointed medial cusp strongly oblique towards the commissure of the mouth, medial cusp more developed in the medial series (Fig. 2A, B). An inner ridge of two to three smaller cusplets present on the medial teeth (Fig. 2B); one or two commissural cusplets may present on the outer ridge, 26 teeth in the upper jaw and 22 in the lower jaw. Body colour is brownish on the dorsal to blackish on the ridges of the fins, with reddish violet shades, ventral side of the head pale to whitish (Fig. 2C, D). Dermal denticles are whitish. Body covered by numerous, sparse and irregularly distributed dermal denticles (Fig. 2C, D), large, some fused into plates with one or two, even three cusps with 22 cm as diameter of the largest plate, margins not stellate but with slight furrows. Status of the bramble shark in the seas of Turkey has always been a point of debate until early 2000s. Although, historical records by Ninni (1923) and Deveciyan (1926) pointed out that the species occurred in Turkey's waters, the lack of E. brucus in the fishing records during a period from early 1930s to early 2000s, the experts were trying to answer the question, whether the bramble shark is still present in the area. Furthermore, due to the fact that E. brucus was not confirmed in contemporary ichthyologi-cal surveys carried out in the Sea of Marmara (Kocata§ et al., 1993; Merig, 1995; Karakulak et al., 2000; Bayhan et al., 2006), researchers concluded that the bramble shark had probably disappeared in Marmaric, as well as in Turkey's waters (Kabasakal, 2002). E. brucus has always been rare in the Mediterranean Sea. According to Hemida & Capape (2002), who emphasized the rarity of the species in the Mediterranean Sea, the bramble shark should be probably considered as an extinct species in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. During the extensive survey on the deep sea chondrichthyans occurring in the Mediterranean Sea, Sion et al. (2004) did not record E. brucus, neither from Balearic nor from Ionian seas. In a recent survey on the deep sea ichthyofauna of the eastern Mediterranean Sea, Goren & Galil (2002) fail to record the E. brucus in the area, as well. According to Golani et al. (2006) and Serena (2005), E. brucus is very rare in the eastern Mediterranean. Therefore, recent records of E. brucus from Turkey's waters are significant evidences prooving the contemporary occurrence of this species in the eastern Mediterranean, as well. According to De Maddalena & Zuffa (2003), the first individual of E. brucus in the Mediterranean Sea has been recorded off Nice (France) in 1798, while last recorded specimen was found in waters off Annaba coast (Algeria, western Mediterranean Sea) in 2 April 2000. Another individual has also been caught off Nice, but its date of capture not reported by the authors. Based on the data given by De Maddalena & Zuffa (2003), 24 historical and contemporary records of E. brucus from western and central Mediterranean Sea have been recorded over a period of 202 years, indicating the rarity of the species and sporadic nature of reports. With the addition of recent records (7) from the seas of Turkey, which constitues the 22.5 percent of the historical and contemporary records of the bramble shark from entire Mediterranean Sea, 31 individuals of E. brucus have been recorded from the entire region, and the record no. 7 of the present study is probably the most recently captured bramble shark, to date. All of the new observations of the present study came from field research, suggesting that such an increase in the number of records over this 11-year period is due to systematic data collection. Because of the hard efforts of systematic research, now, the bramble shark reoccurred in ichthyological lists of Turkey's waters, which are based on recent catch records (e.g. Keskin & Eryilmaz, 2010). The present results show that the paucity of the bramble sharks in the seas of Turkey can be attributed in part to be the cryptic life habits of this species. Contemporary records of the bramble shark in the seas of Turkey since 2002 are summarised in Table 1. Today, bramble sharks are rarely caught by professional fishermen operating in the study area. They are taken only as bycatch, caught accidentally while fishing other commercial species. However, according to Deveciyan (1926), the bramble shark was caught in high numbers in Turkey's waters during the first quarter of the 20th century, indicating that species distribution overlapped with those of historical Turkey's fisheries. The absence of E. brucus in Turkey's fishery during the second half of the 20th century could simply be due to the fact that the stocks might have changed their depth distribution in response to fishing pressure, by shifting in deeper waters. Today, introduction of modern fishing equipments allows Turkey's fishermen to catch fish in deeper zones of the sea, once they could not reached. With the exception of record no. 1, which was sighted by means of an ROV in northern Sea of Marmara (Tab. 1) and record nos. 4 and 5, the remaining 4 bramble sharks (record nos. 2, 3, 6 and 7) have been caught by means of fishing gears deployed in deep water over continental slope. Because of this reason, this assumed depth shift of E. brucus stocks seems that it can not provide further protection to this rare shark in its deeper sanctuaries. E. brucus is one of the 20 large predatory sharks in the Mediterranean Sea, where such large predators declined dramatically over the last two centuries (Ferretti et al., 2008). Among 34 identified shark species from the seas of Turkey (Kabasakal, 2011), E. brucus is one of the least known species, due to its cryptic life histories. However, implementation of new research techniques such as remotely operated vehicles, offer us the possibility to study the bramble shark in situ without the risk of jeopardizing the survival of this rare species. Since 5 of the 7 recent records of E. brucus have been reported from the Sea of Marmara, special attention of research should be focused to this small inland sea to figure out whether this species has a localized population in this region or not? ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank to the fishermen from Yalova and izmir fishing ports, and Dr. Erhan Irmak for their help during the field work to obtain the bramble shark specimens. Special thank goes to wife and son of the first author for their endless love and support. Mr. Mark Taylor, professional diving instructor, photographer and English teacher, for editing. In memoriam: Umut Tural - a brilliant colleague and a close friend. Tab. 1: Recent records of E. brucus from Turkey's waters in the period from 2002 to 2013. SM: Sea of Marmara, AE: Aegean Sea. Tab. 1: Recentni zapisi o pojavljanju vrste E. brucus v turških morjih v obdobju med 2002 in 2013. SM: Marmarsko morje, AE: Egejsko morje No. Region TL (cm) W (kg) Sex Date of capture or sighting Depth of capture or sighting (m) Type of gear 1 SM - - - Oct 2002 1214 ROV 2 AE 230 - - 13 May 2005 200-250 Bottom trawl 3 SM 170 45 ? 9 Dec 2005 600-700 Otter-trawl 4 SM 225 140 ? 20 Nov 2008 100 Gill-net 5 SM 250 175 ? 28 Dec 2009 150 Gill-net 6 SM 220 300 ? 19 May 2010 300 Gill-net 7 AE 200 140 ? 6 Jan 2013 350 Gill-net STATUS BODIČASTEGA MORSKEGA PSA ECHINORHINUS BRUCUS (ELASMOBRANCHII: ECHINORHINIDAE) V TURŠKIH MORJIH: ŠE VEDNO PRISOTEN, ČEPRAV REDEK Hakan KABASAKAL Ichthyological Research Society, Tantavi Mahallesi, Mente^oglu Caddesi, idil Apt., No: 30, D: 4, Umraniye, TR-34764 istanbul, Turkey E-mail: kabasakal.hakan@gmail.com Murat BILECENOGLU Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, Department of Biology, 09010, Aydin, Turkey POVZETEK Status bodičastega morskega psa Echinorhinus brucus (Bonnaterre,1788) v turških morjih je bil že od začetka novega tisočletja predmet razprave. S sedmimi novimi zapisi, ki predstavljajo 22,5 % vseh historičnih in sodobnih podatkov o pojavljanju te vrste v Sredozemskem morju, je skupno znanih 31 vseh zapisov za celo območje. Primer št. 3, ki ga predstavljamo v tem prispevku, je do danes najverjetneje najmlajši zapis o pojavljanju te vrste. Ker izvira 5 od 7 recentnih zapisov o bodičastem morskem psu iz Marmarskega morja, bi bilo treba temu majhnemu in zaprtemu morju z raziskovalnega vidika posvetiti posebno pozornost, da bi ugotovili, ali prebiva v tem morju izolirana populacija te vrste. Ključne besede: bodičasti morski pes, Echinorhinus brucus, Echinorhinidae, status, Turčija, Sredozemsko morje REFERENCES Akçiray, F. (1987): Türkiye Deniz Baliklari Ve Tayin Anahtari, 2nd Edition. Publications of Istanbul University, no. 3490, Istanbul, 811 pp. Bayhan, Y. K., E. Çiçek, T. Ünlüer & M. Akkaya (2006): Catch and by-catch composition of the shrimp fishery by beam trawl in the southeastern Marmara Sea. EgeJFAS, 23, 277-283. 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Studies and Reviews, vol. 64. General Fisheries Council for the Mediterranean, FAO, Rome, p. 87-143. McEachran, J. D. & S. Branstetter (1984): Squalidae. In: Whitehead, P. J. P., M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen & E. Tortonese (eds.): Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Vol. I. UNESCO, Paris, p. 128-147. Meri^, N. (1995): A study on existence of some fishes on the continental slope of the Sea of Marmara. Turk. J. Zool., 19, 191-198. Ninni, E. (1923): Primo contributo allo studio dei pe-sci e della pesca nelle acque dell'impero Ottomano. Mis-sione Italiana per l'Esplorazione dei Mari di Levante. Premiate Officine Grafiche Carlo Ferrari, Venezia, 187 pp. Serena, F. (2005): Field identification guide to the sharks and rays of the Mediterranean and Black Sea. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome, 97 pp. Sion, L., A. Bozzano, G. D'Onghia, F. Capezzuto & M. 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Edizioni Calderini, Bologna, 334 pp. Original scientific article UDK 597.315.1:591.9(262.16) Received: 2014-07-31 ADDITIONAL RECORDS OF A RARE ELASMOBRANCH SPECIES, SHARPNOSE SEVEN-GILL SHARK HEPTRANCHIAS PERLO (HEXANCHIDAE) OFF THE NORTHERN TUNISIAN COAST (CENTRAL MEDITERRANEAN) Olfa EL KAMEL-MOUTALIBI, Néjia MNASRI-SIOUDI, Sihem RAFRAFI-NOUIRA & Moncef BOUMAÏZA Laboratoire d'Hydrobiologie Littorale et Limnique, Université de Carthage, Faculté des Sciences, Zarzouna, 7021 Bizerte, Tunisia Christian REYNAUD Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive - CNRS UMR 5175, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France Christian CAPAPÉ Laboratoire d'Ichtyologie, case 104, Université Montpellier 2, Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France E-mail: capape@univ-montp2.fr ABSTRACT Four sharpnose seven-gill sharks Heptranchias perlo were captured off the northern Tunisian coast between 2007 and 2014: two males, one juvenile and one adult, and two females, one juvenile and one adult. H. perlo is considered as a rare species, probably threatened but still present in the area. Additionally, the occurrence of a sustainable population in waters surrounding the Eskerkis Bank remains a suitable hypothesis which cannot be ruled out. Key words: Chondrichthyes, description, measurements, deep sea waters, threatened population SEGNALAZIONI AGGIUNTIVE DI UNA SPECIE RARA DI ELASMOBRANCHI, LO SQUALO MANZO HEPTRANCHIAS PERLO (HEXANCHIDAE), AL LARGO DELLA COSTA TUNISINA SETTENTRIONALE (MEDITERRANEO CENTRALE) SINTESI Quattro esemplari di squalo manzo Heptranchias perlo sono stati catturati al largo della costa tunisina settentrio-nale tra il 2007 e il 2014: due maschi, un adulto e un esemplare giovanile, e due femmine, un adulto e un esemplare giovanile. H. perlo è considerata una specie rara, probabilmente minacciata, ma ancora presente nell'area esamina-ta. Inoltre, la presenza di una popolazione sostenibile nelle acque che circondano Eskerkis, rimane una valida ipotesi che non pud essere esclusa. Parole chiave: Condroitti, descrizione, misurazioni, acque marine profonde, popolazione minacciata INTRODUCTION Sharpnose seven-gill shark Heptranchias perlo (Bon-naterre, 1788) is known as a semi cosmopolitan species, occuring in temperate and warm temperate waters (Bo-eseman, 1984). The species is reported in the western Pacific from Japan to South Australia and New Zealand (Tanaka & Mizue, 1977; Compagno, 1984), and in the eastern Pacific, off northern Chile (Compagno, 1984). H. perlo is known in the western Atlantic from Carolina (USA), Caribbean Sea (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1948), Gulf of Mexico (Amorim et al., 1998), and southward to Brazil and Argentina (Compagno, 1984). The occurrence of H. perlo was reported also from the Great Meteor Seamount, in the central Atlantic by Frentzel-Beyme & Köster (2002) who locally noted the presence of a sustainable population. Off the eastern Atlantic, Wheeler (1969) considered as a suitable hypothesis the presence of H. perlo off the British Isles, which was further confirmed by records from the north of the Bay of Biscay (Quero et al., 1988; Henderson & Williams, 2001). Southward, H. perlo is reported of Spain (Ortea & De La Hoz, 1979) and Portugal (Albuquerque, 19451956). South the Strait of Gibraltar, H. perlo is continuously reported from the coast of Morocco (Collignon & Aloncle, 1972; Lloris & Rucabado, 1998) to the South African coast (Bass et al., 1975; Compagno, 1984). The occurrence of sharpnose seven-gill shark is well documented throughout the Mediterranean Sea (Capape, 1980; Boeseman, 1984), it is also known in the Adriatic Sea (Lipej & Dulcic, 2010) and in the eastern Levant Basin (Golani, 2005). De Maddalena et al. (2002) recorded H. perlo in Sicilian waters (central Mediterranean), based on the capture of 7 specimens. Schembri et al. (2003) reported the species as rather frequent in Maltese waters. However, they noted that the local status of the species is difficult to assess, because some specimens sold in Maltese fish markets probably originated from other areas of the Sicilian Channel. Additionally, Maliet (pers. comm.) informed us that some specimens were regularly caught off Corsica by local fishermen. Although the species was considered as rare in Turkish waters, the species occurs in both northern and southern Aegean coast (Filiz & Mater, 2002; Özig & Yilmaz, 2006; Kabasakal & Ince, 2008). In the Tunisian waters, captures of H. perlo appear to be rather restricted in northern areas, such as the Eskerkis Bank, off Tabarka, city close to the Algerian border, and around Jalta Island (Quignard & Capape, 1971; Capape, 1980). Additionally, BradaT (2000) reported the capture in the Gulf of Gabes of a free-swimming specimen having 390mm total length and weighing 138 g, on 4 February 1991, this finding constituting to date the southernmost extension range of H. perlo from the Tunisian coast. Investigations conducted since 2006 off the northern Tunisian coast, including the Lagoon of Bizerte allow us to provide some papers about species occurring in the area, concerning their distribution (El Kamel et al., 2009) and also some traits of their food and feeding habits (Mnasri et al., 2012; El Kamel-Moutalibi et al., 2013a) and their reproductive biology (El Kamel-Moutalibi et al., 2013b, Capape et al., 2014). In this paper, we report additional captures of H. perlo, off the northern Tunisian coast, and the distribution of the species in the area, and in the Mediterranean Sea is commented and discussed. These records allow us to complete and assess the real status of the elasmobranch species in the region, in order to prepare a national plan for elasmobranchs in the same region as well. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two specimens, a male and female were collected in the fish market of Zarzouna, city close to Bizerte on 1 April 2007 and 15 July 2008, respectively. However, a limited information was provided about the site of capture, which occurred off the northern coast of Tunisia. Additionally, two other specimens were kindly given to us by a fisherman on 21 May 2014. Both specimens Fig. 1: Map of the Mediterranean showing Tunisia and map of the coast of Tunisia with black star pointing out the capture site of Heptranchias perlo in waters surrounding the Eskerkis Bank. GG: Gulf of Gabes, GH: Gulf of Hammamet, GT: Gulf of Tunis. Sl. 1: Zemljevid tunizijske obale v Sredozemskem morju, na katerem je označena lokaliteta v vodah, ki obkrožajo Eskerkis Bank, kjer so bili ujeti morski psi sedme-roškrgarji. GG: Gabeški zaliv, GH: Hammametski zaliv, GT: Tuniški zaliv Tab. 1: Morphometric measurements in mm and as % total length (% TL), meristic counts and total body masses recorded in male and female Heptranchias perlo caught off the northern Tunisian coast. Tab. 1: Morfometrične meritve, izražene v mm in kot delež celotne dolžine (% TL), meristični podatki in celotna telesna masa samic in samcev morskih psov sedmeroškrgarjev, ujetih ob severni tunizijski obali Reference FSB Hep-per.01 FSB Hep-per.02 Sex Male Female Morphometric measurements mm % TL mm % TL Total length 700 100.00 790 100.00 Precaudal length 492 70.29 550 69.62 Fork length 554 79.14 610 77.22 Pre-first dorsal length 354 50.57 380 48.10 Prepectoral length 147 21.00 170 21.52 Head length 145 20.71 168 21.27 Prebranchial space 115 16.43 130 16.46 Preoral length 34 4.89 37 4.70 Pelvic fin length 85 12.17 72 9.11 Second dorsal-caudal length 96 13.67 93 11.77 Prepelvic length 285 40.71 320 40.51 Preanal length 388 55.43 425 53.80 Pelvic-anal length 55 7.90 47 5.95 Pelvic-caudal length 158 22.57 175 22.15 Anal-caudal length 62 8.84 76 9.62 Snout-vent length 315 45.00 340 43.04 Vent-caudal length 175 25.00 170 21.52 Prenasal length 16 2.34 22 2.78 Intergill length 7 1.00 10 1.24 Eye width 25 3.54 26 3.29 Eye height 13 1.87 15 1.90 Internasal length 22 3.17 22 2.73 Mouth width 53 7.56 63 7.97 First dorsal height 28 3.93 40 5.01 First dorsal base 44 6.27 52 6.58 First dorsal inner margin 13 1.83 15 1.85 First dorsal anterior margin 50 7.17 57 7.19 Pectoral height 66 9.36 80 10.13 Pectoral inner margin 36 5.17 38 4.85 Pectoral anterior margin 79 11.24 89 11.28 Caudal anterior margin 210 30.00 238 30.13 Caudal terminal lobe 34 4.91 40 5.06 Insertion dorsal -anal insertion 40 5.71 42 5.27 Trunk height 82 11.71 87 11.05 Caudal peduncle height 28 4.06 33 4.23 Clasper length 54 7.66 - - First gill slit length 55 7.79 55 7.01 Fifth gill slit length 23 3.26 24 3.09 Counts Teeth rows upper jaw 9+9 9+9 Teeth rows lower jaw 5 + 1+5 5 + 1+5 Total boby mass 1000 1280 were caught by trawling off the Eskerkis Bank at depth between 150 and 300 m, on rocky bottoms, by 37° 45' N and 10° 49' 59.99" E (Fig. 1). They were delivered at the laboratory where they were carefully studied. They were measured to the nearest millimetre and weighed to the nearest gram. Morphometric measurements, including percents of total length followed Capape (1980) and Compagno (1984), and are presented in Table 1. Both specimens were preserved in 10 % buffered forma- lin and preserved in the Ichthyological Collection of the Faculté des Sciences of Bizerte (Tunisia), under the catalogue numbers FSB Hep-per.01 and FSB Hep-per.02, respectively (Fig. 2A, B). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION All specimens were identified following Capapé (1980), Boeseman (1984) and Compagno (1984), with Fig. 2: Heptranchias perlo. (A) Male specimen (ref. FSB Hep-per.01); (B) female specimen (ref. FSB Hep-per.02), with scale bar = 200 mm for both specimens; (C) clasper (Cl) and clasper sheath (Cl Sheath), scale bar = 50 mm; (D) mouth opening, scale bar = 20 mm. Sl. 2: Heptranchias perlo. (A) Samec (ref. FSB Hep-per.01); (B) samica (ref. FSB Hep-per.02), merilo = 200 mm velja za oba primerka; (C) klasper (Cl) in klasperjeva guba (Cl Sheath), merilo = 50 mm; (D) razprta usta, merilo = 20 mm main characters as follows: body slender, with seven gill-slits broadly separated, narrow head, with long, pointed and conical snout, eyes very large, minute nostrils, a single dorsal fin with base before that of anal fin, caudal fin with moderate lower lobe, pectoral fins rather short and triangular, pelvic fins are displaying a sexual dimorphism, those are short and triangular, those of males exhibit an expansion which entirely surround the clasper as a sheath (Fig. 2C), however no viscous substance was secreted by the internal surface of the clasper. Teeth are different in shape on each jaw. Teeth of upper jaw, from the median region present a single cusp rather strong and oblique, while in the lateral region, teeth exhibited minute cusplets on both sides of the cusp. Teeth of lower jaws are large, comblike, with a large anterior cusp pre-ceeded by a few smaller ones, and followed by 7 or 8 distal cusplets (Fig. 2D). Colour brown-grey, with small lighter spots, belly beige to whitish. Captures remain very rare and during three decades and records were not reported in the area. Such pattern could be due to the fact that no survey focusing on elas-mobranch species was conducted in the area between 1990 and 2006. H. perlo inhabits deep sea waters, on rocky bottoms, where it is not easy to catch them with usual fishing gears. Frentzel-Beyme & Koster (2002) noted the absence or underrepresentation among adult specimens caught from the great Meteor Seamount. They explained this absence with the fact that large specimens, agile and slender, could escape from the trawl. Similar patterns were reported by Garrick & Paul (1971) from New Zealand waters. The species is known for having a poor economical value, and small specimens are generally discarded at sea (Compagno, 1984). In the Tunisian waters, populations of H. perlo live in restricted areas, which could be considered as areas, they leave after attaining sexual maturity and becoming adults, as other elasmobranch species (Munoz-Chapuli, 1984). Frentzel-Beyme & Köster (2002) reported that the smallest free-swimming specimen of H. perlo was a female of 390 mm TL, while Bigelow & Schroeder (1948) recorded a new-born caught in Japanese waters of 260 mm TL and Capape (1980) noted that in Tunisian waters the size at birth occurred at 300 mm TL and the weight of approximately 60 g. Size at sexual maturity occurred between 950 and 1000 mm in females from the western Atlantic (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1948), and between 800 and 1050 mm in those from the Japanese waters (Tana-ka & Mizue, 1977). Amorim et al. (1998) noted that off southern Brazil males and females reached maturity at 790 mm and 900 mm TL, respectively. De Maddalena et al. (2002) recorded a mature male in Sicilian waters of 850 mm TL. Kabasakal & Ince (2008) recorded an immature female of 850 mm TL, which weighed 1700 g. Conversely, Henderson & Williams (2001) that a female having 1010 mm TL was considered as juvenile, and noted that it was surprising that the specimen was totally immature. Intraspecific latitudinal differences could not be ruled out concerning size at sexual maturity between elasmobranch species (Mellinger, 1989). Additionally, it remains difficult to assess the size at sexual of maturity from a single specimen. The specimens collected on 1 April 2007 and 15 July 2008 were a male and a female measuring 810 mm and 1100 mm TL, respectively and weighing 3000 g and 5000 g, respectively. Taking in account previous observations of Capape (1980), both were adults. The two specimens caught on 21 May 2014 were juvenile. Additionally, the fact that no viscous substances were secreted by the internal surface of clasper sheath of the adult specimen enhances such statement (Tanaka et al., 1975; Capape, 1980; Frentzel-Beyme & Köster, 2002). Fig. 3: Map of the central Mediterranean Sea pointing out the capture sites of H. perlo. 1: northern Tunisian coast (Capapé, 1980; this study); 2: Gulf of Gabès, southern Tunisia (Bradaï, 2000); 3: Sicily (De Maddalena et al., 2002); 4: Malta (Schembri et al., 2003). Sl. 3: Zemljevid osrednjega Sredozemlja z označenimi lokalitetami, kjer so bili ulovljeni morski psi sedme-roškrgarji. 1: severna tunizijska obala (Capapé, 1980; pričujoča raziskava); 2: Gabèški zaliv, južna Tunizija (Bradaï, 2000); 3: Sicilija (De Maddalena et al., 2002); 4: Malta (Schembri et al., 2003) These four records show that H. perlo still occurs off the northern Tunisian coast, despite a gap of several years. Such pattern is mainly due to the fact the elas-mobranch species were not particularly focused in the area during this period, rather than a lack of captures. Although a decline of captures cannot be totally ruled out, such as in other Mediterranean regions (Paul & Fowler, 2003), however H. perlo is probably threatened off the Tunisian coast but not yet extinct since sustainable population, still occurs in restricted area, such as the Eskerkis Bank, and other regions located in the central Mediterranean (Fig. 3). It remains a suitable hypothesis due to the fact that the species inhabits restricted and deep areas, not usually submitted to an important fishing pressure and with a favourable biological environment. Additionally, H. perlo is an active and experienced feeder and its diet displayed a very large spectrum of ingested preys and, consequently the vacuity index exhibited low values whatever the area (Capape, 1980; Frentzel-Beyme & Koster, 2002). DODATNI ZAPISI O REDKEM MORSKEM PSU SEDMEROŠKRGARJU HEPTRANCHIAS PERLO (HEXANCHIDAE) IZ SEVERNIH TUNIZIJSKIH VODA (OSREDNJE SREDOZEMLJE) Olfa EL KAMEL-MOUTALIBI, Néjia MNASRI-SIOUDI, Sihem RAFRAFI-NOUIRA & Moncef BOUMAÏZA Laboratoire d'Hydrobiologie Littorale et Limnique, Université de Carthage, Faculté des Sciences, Zarzouna, 7021 Bizerte, Tunisia Christian REYNAUD Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive - CNRS UMR 5175, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France Christian CAPAPÉ Laboratoire d'Ichtyologie, case 104, Université Montpellier 2, Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France E-mail: capape@univ-montp2.fr POVZETEK Štirje primerki morskih psov sedmeroškrgarjev Heptranchias perlo so bili ujeti ob obalah severne Tunizije v obdobju med letoma 2007 in 2014. Dva sta bila samca, eden mladostni primerek in eden odrasel, druga dva pa samici, od katerih je bila ena mladostni primerek, druga pa odrasla. Sedmeroškrgarja danes obravnavajo kot redko in verjetno ogroženo vrsto, ki pa je še vedno prisotna v danem okolju. Avtorji menijo, da hipoteze, da v vodah okoli Eskerkis še vedno domuje stabilna populacija sedmeroškrgarjev, ne gre kar tako ovreči. Ključne besede: Chondrichthyes, opis, meritve, globokomorsko okolje, ogrožena populacija REFERENCES Albuquerque, M. B. (1954-1956): Peixes de Portugal. Port. Act. Biol, 5, 1-1164. Amorim, A. F., C. A. Arfelli & L. Fagundes (1998): Pelagic elasmobranchs caught by long liners off southern Brazil during 1974-97: an overview. Mar. Freshw. Res., 49, 621-632. Bass, A. J., J. D. D'Aubrey & N. Kistnasamy(1975): Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. V. The families Hexanchidae, Chlamydoselachidae, Heterodon-tidae, Pristiophoridae, and Squatinidae. S. Afr. Ass. Mar. Biol. Res., Oceanogr. Res. Inst., Invest. Rep., 43, 50 pp. Boeseman, M. (1984): Hexanchidae. In: Whitehead, P. J. P., M. L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen & E. 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Reynaud (2014): Production, maturity, reproductive cycle and fecundity of Scyliorhinus canicula (Chondrichthyes, Torpedinidae) from the Lagoon of Bizerte (northeastern Tunisia, central Mediterranean). J. Ichthyol., 54, 11-126. Collignon, J. & H. Aloncle (1972): Catalogue raisonné des poissons des mers marocaines, I: Cyclostomes, Sélaciens, Holocéphales. Bull. Inst. Pêch. Maroc, 19, 1-164. Compagno, L. J. V. (1984): FAO Species Catalogue, Sharks of the World. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. FAO Fish. Syn-op., FAO, Rome, vol. 125 (4/1) (non-carcharhinoids), p. 1-250. De Maddalena, A., A. Celona, M. Zuffa & A. Vanadia (2002): Su alcune catture di notidiano cinereo, Heptran-chias perlo (Bonnaterre, 1788), nelle acque della Sicilia. Thalassia Salentina, 26, 39-44. El Kamel, O., N. Mnasri, J. Ben Souissi, M. Bouma-ïza, M. M. Ben Amor & C. Capapé (2009): Inventory of elasmobranch species caught in the Lagoon of Bizerte (north-eastern Tunisia, central Mediterranean). Panam JAS, 4, 383-412. El Kamel-Moutalibi, O., N. Mnasri, M. Boumaïza, C. Reynaud & C. Capapé (2013a): Diet of common tor- pedo Torpedo torpedo (Chondrichthyes:Torpedinidae) from the Lagoon of Bizerte (northeastern Tunisia, central Mediterranean). Cah. Biol. Mar., 54, 209-220. El Kamel-Moutalibi, O., N. Mnasri, M. Boumaïza, C. Reynaud, M. M. Ben Amor & C. Capapé (2013b): Maturity, reproductive cycle and fecundity of common torpedo, Torpedo torpedo (Chondrichthyes, Torpedinidae) from the Lagoon of Bizerte (northeastern Tunisia, central Mediterranean). J. Ichthyol., 59, 758-774. Filiz, H. & S. Mater (2002): A preliminary study on length-weight relationships for seven elasmobranch species from north Aegean Sea, Turkey. E.U. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 19, 401-409. Frentzel-Beyme, B. Z. & F. W. 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De La Hoz (1979): Peces marinos de Asturias. Ayalga Editiones, Salinas, 230 pp. Ôziç, F. & F. Yilmaz (2006): An investigation of demersal fishes of Gökova Bay in Aegean Sea. Ekoloji, 15, 16-20. Paul, S. & S. Fowler (2003): Heptranchias perlo. The UICN Red List of Threatened species. Version 2014.1. www.iucnredlist.org (21 July 2014) Quéro, J.-C., M. H. Du Buit, J. Fonteneau & J. J. Vayne (1988): Observations ichtyologiques effectuées en 1987. Ann. Soc. Sci. Nat. Charente-Marit., 7, 721725. Quignard, J.-P. & C. Capapé (1971): Liste commentée des Sélaciens de Tunisie. Bull. Inst. Natl. Sci. Tech. Oceanogr. Peche. Salammbô, 2, 131-141. Schembri, T., I. K. Fergusson & P. J. Schembri (2003): Revision of the records of shark and ray species from the Maltese Islands (Chordata: Chondrichthyes). The Central Mediterranean Naturalist, 4, 71-104. Tanaka, S. & K. Mizue (1977): Studies on sharks XI. Reproduction in female Heptranchias perlo. Bull. Fac. Fish. Nagasaki Univ., 42, 1-9. Tanaka, S., K. Teshima & K. Mizue (1975): Studies on sharks X. Morphological and ecological study on the reproductive organs in male Heptranchias perlo. Bull. Fac. Fish. Nagasaki Univ., 40, 15-22. Wheeler, A. (1969): The fishes of the British Isles and North-West Europe. McMillan, London, 613 pp. FLORA FLORA FLORA Original scientific article UDK 582.27:581.9(262.32) Received: 2014-10-01 RECURRENCE OF SARGASSUM VULGARE C. AGARDH IN SLOVENIAN COASTAL WATERS (ADRIATIC SEA) Martina ORLANDO-BONACA & Borut MAVRIC Marine Biology Station, National Institute of Biology, SI-6330 Piran, Fornace 41, Slovenia E-mail: martina.orlando@mbss.org ABSTRACT Perennial species from the genus Sargassum are considered to be indicators of high environmental quality and are therefore used in the assessment of the Ecological Status of Mediterranean coastal waters according to the European Water Framework Directive (WFD, 2000/60/EC). Over the past three decades a significant decline in Sargassum populations has been reported in the Gulf of Trieste, as well as in other Adriatic and Mediterranean areas. In Slovenian coastal waters the presence of Sargassum spp. had not been confirmed since 1980, after a severe decline due to overgrazing by the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Recently, however, some thalli of S. vulgare were found in Piran Bay. The recurrence of this species is discussed in the paper, as well as the possible causes that led to the non-recovery in its populations in last decades in Slovenian coastal waters. Key words: Sargassum vulgare, new data, non-recovery of populations, Gulf of Trieste, Mediterranean Sea RICOMPARSA DI SARGASSUM VULGARE C. AGARDH IN ACQUE COSTIERE SLOVENE (MARE ADRIATICO) SINTESI Specie perenni del genere Sargassum sono considerate indicatrici di elevata qualita ambientale e vengono quindi utilizzate nella valutazione dello stato ecologico delle acque costiere del Mediterraneo secondo la Direttiva Europea Quadro sulle Acque (WFD 2000/60/CE). Nel corso degli ultimi tre decenni e stato piu volte segnalato un rilevante calo nelle popolazioni di Sargassum nel Golfo di Trieste, cos/ come in altre zone dell'Adriatico e del Mediterraneo. Nelle acque costiere slovene la presenza di specie del genere Sargassum non e piu stata confermata dopo il 1980, a seguito di un forte calo dovuto all'eccessivo pascolo del riccio di mare Paracentrotus lividus. Recentemente, alcuni talli di S. vulgare sono stati trovati nella baia di Pirano. Nell'articolo viene discussa la ricomparsa di questa specie, cos/ come le possibili cause che hanno portato al mancato recupero delle sue popolazioni negli ultimi decenni nelle acque costiere slovene. Parole chiave: Sargassum vulgare, nuovi dati, mancato recupero delle popolazioni, Golfo di Trieste, mare Mediterraneo INTRODUCTION Worldwide the genus Sargassum includes a large number of species, with a great morphological variability and extensive geographic and depth distribution (Span, 2005). In contrast, in the Mediterranean Sea the genus Sargassum is represented by a relatively small number of taxa, since only six species were reported in the check-list of brown seaweeds (Ribera et al., 1992). Of those species, only three occur along the eastern Adriatic coast (Antolic et al., 2010): S. acinar-ium (Linnaeus) Setchell, S. vulgare C. Agardh, and S. hornschuchii C. Agardh. They were also reported for Slovenian coastal waters during the seventies of the last century (Avcin et al., 1973; Matjasic et al., 1975; Vukovic, 1980). However, the macroalgal belt off the Slovenian coast experienced a severe decline due to overgrazing by the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) in the seventies (Vukovic, 1982; Turk & Vukovic, 1994). Virtually all infralittoral vegetation was consumed by this echinoderm, and it took decades for the flora to recover. Species from the genus Cystoseira recovered quite well, while Sargassum species didn't recover at all. Also Curiel et al. (2008) and Falace et al. (2010) reported a significant decrease in perennial species indicators of high environmental quality (like Cystoseira spp. and Sargassum spp.) over the past three decades for the Venice Lagoon and for the Italian part of the Gulf of Trieste, respectively; this was mainly a result of anthropogenic disturbances. Species from both genera have relatively large thalli compared to the average size of other Mediterranean seaweeds, and their canopies provide suitable habitats for a large number of other algal and animal species (Ballesteros et al., 1998; Orlando-Bonaca et al., 2008a; Pitacco et al., 2014). Those species are therefore used in the assessment of the Ecological Status of Mediterranean coastal waters according to the European Water Framework Directive (WFD, 2000/60/EC) (Ballesteros et al., 2007; Orfanidis et al., 2001, 2011). Moreover, species from the genera Cystoseira (except Cystoseira compressa) and S. horn-schuchii are included in Annex II (List of endangered or threatened marine species in the Mediterranean) of the Barcelona Protocol concerning Specially Protected Areas and Biological Diversity (UNEP, Decision IG.21/6; entry into force: 30 March 2014). From 2006 to date, species from the genus Sargas-sum were never found in any macroalgal samples regularly collected in Slovenian coastal waters twice per year. Benthic macroalgae were sampled in the upper infralittoral belt (depth range from 1 to 4 m) at 53 sites (Fig. 1) selected in order to assess the ecological status of macroalgal communities, as required by the WFD (Orlando-Bonaca et al., 2008b; Orlando-Bonaca & Li-pej, 2009; unpubl. data). Additionally, macroalgae were surveyed from the water surface down to 10 m depth in order to characterize benthic macro- and micro- habi- tat types (Lipej et al., 2007, 2008). The sampling depth range of macroalgae was recently broadened to the lower infralittoral belt (from 4 to 8 m) to assess the environmental status of the sea, as required by the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (2008/56/EC) (Orlando-Bonaca et al., 2012a, 2012b). Surprisingly, some thalli of S. vulgare were unexpectedly found in Piran Bay in 2012, during a scuba survey that was not part of any monitoring program, and the species became much more abundant in 2014. The aim of this paper is to provide data about the recurrence of this species, describe the collected thalli, and discuss the possible causes that led to the non-recovery in last decades of populations of S. vulgare in Slovenian coastal waters. MATERIAL AND METHODS The Slovenian coastal sea (that covers the southern part of the Gulf of Trieste) is a shallow semi-enclosed gulf with a maximum depth of ca. 33 m. Its diverse coastline is approximately 46.7 km long (Fig. 1). In recent decades the Slovenian natural shoreline has been modified by many human activities, like urbanisation, intensive hinterland farming and massive tourism. Nowadays, less than 18 % of the coastline is in its natural state (Turk, 1999). The coastal sea has also suffered from Fig. 1: Slovenian coastal waters and 53 sampling sites for macroalgae in the upper infralittoral belt (white dots) and the MBS site (black dot) where Sargassum vulgare was found. 1: Cape Madona Nature Monument, 2: Fiesa-Pacug area, 3: Strunjan Nature Reserve, 4: Bele Skale. Sl. 1: Slovenske obalne vode in 53 vzorčnih mest za makroalge v zgornjem infralitoralnem pasu (bele točke) ter mesto MBS (črna točka), kjer so bile najdene steljke vrste Sargassum vulgare. 1: Naravni spomenik Rt Madona, 2: območje Fiesa-Pacug, 3: Naravni rezervat Strunjan, 4: Bele Skale many anthropogenic impacts such as intensive fishing, sewage outfalls and mariculture (France & Mozetič, 2006; Mozetič et al., 2008; Grego et al., 2009). In May 2012, during a scuba diving survey in Piran Bay (in front of the Marine Biology Station of the National Institute of Biology), some thalli of S. vulgare were found in the upper infralittoral rocky belt. In May 2014 it was observed that the species became much more abundant. The area covered by the species was photographed, its extension was measured and some samples were taken to the laboratory. Species identification was carried out in accordance with Špan (2005). It was planned to collect thalli of S. vulgare once per month in the summer period, for a complete morphological analysis. Samples were again collected in June 2014. Thalli were examined under a microscope in order to find any reproduction branches, with fertile cryptoso-mata (conceptacles) with reproductive organs (oogonia and antheridia). Unfortunately, during the scuba diving surveys in July and August 2014, only small flattened plates (holdfast, rhizoid), and caespitose stipes (central axis, caulioid) of S. vulgare were present, while erect branches and phylloclades (blades) were missing. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In front of the Marine Biology Station in Piran (MBS in Fig. 1) thalli of S. vulgare were found growing among thalli of Cystoseira compressa (Esper) Gerloff & Niza-muddin (Fig. 2), in an area approximately 100 m x 5 m, in a depth range from 1.2 to 2.5 m. The alga was growing on sandstone boulders approx. half a meter wide and half a meter tall. Other abundant algal species Fig. 2: Thalli of S. vulgare growing among thalli of Cystoseira compressa, in a depth range from 1.2 to 2.5 m. Sl. 2: Steljke vrste S. vulgare, ki rastejo med steljkami vrste Cystoseira compressa, v globinskem razponu 1,22,5 m were Padina pavonica (Linnaeus) Thivy and Dictyota di-chotoma (Hudson) J. V. Lamouroux. Specimens of S. vulgare were characterized by a high density of all parts of the thallus (secondary branches, phylloclades, and bladders (aerocysts)) (Fig. 3). None presented reproduction branches with conceptacles. The thalli were on average 20 cm in height. Two or three stipes were found growing from the holdfast of each thalli, the central of them having around 3 primary branches at the tip. Those branches had around 15 short secondary branches, with many phylloclades. Longer phylloclades (3-4 cm) were found in lower parts of primary branches, while shorter phylloclades (1-2 cm) were in the upper parts of thalli. Their edges were frequently wave-like. Aerocysts were numerous, egg-shaped and often had flattened elongation on the top. According to Span (2005), the most intensive development of annual thallus parts (branches and plyllo-clades) of S. vulgare takes place in winter and spring, so branches reach their maximum lengths approximately at the end of May. This means that thalli collected in Slovenian waters probably had reached their maximum development and height. In the central-southern Adriatic Sea, conceptacles of S. vulgare are known to be fully ripe in June and July (Span, 2005). Since our samples from June 2014 did not present reproduction branches, we were planning to search for them in July and August 2014. Unfortunately, in both months large schools of Sarpa salpa (Linnaeus, 1758) were observed feeding on the vegetation cover in the sampled area and thalli of S. vulgare (and also C. compressa) were almost completely eaten. Usually in July thalli of C. compressa are still densely ramified, while the fall of older branches occurs at the end of summer/beginning of autumn (Fal- Fig. 3: Thalli of S. vulgare were characterized by a high density of secondary branches, phylloclades, and aerocysts. Sl. 3: Steljke vrste S. vulgare z visoko gostoto sekundarnih vej, filoidov in plavalnih mehurjev (aerocist) ace et al., 2005). The sparid S. salpa is well known for its herbivorous diet (Verlaque, 1990; Havelange et al., 1997; Tomec et al., 2000; Vergés et al., 2009; Steele et al., 2014). Moreover, Azzurro et al. (2007) analyzed gut contents of some herbivorous fish and reported that 27 taxa of benthic algae were identified in the stomach of S. salpa, with a predominance of S. vulgare. Along the eastern Adriatic coast, S. vulgare was recorded from Strunjan (Avcin et al., 1973) to the Molunat Peninsula and to the outermost Adriatic islands (Span, 2005). However, no data is available about the density of populations reported. After the overgrazing by P lividus in the seventies, infralittoral vegetation in Slovenian coastal waters recovered and nowadays is rather homogenously classified into two Cystoseiretum crinitae subassociations: Halopithetosum incurvae and Cysto-seiretosum compressae, and into Cystoseiretum barba-tae association (Orlando-Bonaca et al., 2008b). Communities dominated by late-successional species of the genera Cystoseira are indicative of a quite pristine state, especially along the coastline from Bele Skale (near Izola, see Figure 1) to Piran, where the Ecological Status according to macroalgae was assessed as "high" (Orlan-do-Bonaca et al., 2008b). This coastal belt was previously defined as very important from the nature-conservation point of view (Turk, 1999), since it comprises also two MPAs (Cape Madona Nature Monument, Strunjan Nature Reserve) and some non-protected areas (like Fiesa and Pacug) with an exceptional richness of habitat types and fish assemblages (Orlando-Bonaca & Lipej, 2005; Orlando-Bonaca et al., 2008a). Therefore, at least along this part of the Slovenian coastal belt where Cystoseira species recovered very well, reasons for the non-recovery of Sargassum species in last decades remain quite unclear. Thibaut el al. (2005) reported the total collapse of the genus Sargassum, accompanied by a decline in the number of Cystoseira species off the north-western Mediterranean coast of France. Among causes leading to this decline they listed chemical pollution from agriculture, increased water turbidity, overgrazing by sea urchins and S. salpa, and habitat destruction (Thibaut el al., 2005). Those factors probably also played an important role in the non-recovery of the genus Sargassum in Slovenian coastal waters but, in our judgment, the disappearance of S. vulgare thalli in the early summer 2014 can be attributed primarily to overgrazing by schools of S. salpa. We assume that this fish consumed S. vulgare thalli before the start of fructification. However, since the vegetative period of this species extends year-round (Špan, 2005), further scuba surveys are planned in order to find and collect new thalli of this species. We intend to continue the study of S. vulgare morphology, its reproductive cycle and ecology in Slovenian coastal waters and possibly to clarify the causes that are leading to the non-recovery of Sargassum species. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to thank Milijan Šiško and Valentina Pitacco for technical assistance. PONOVNO POJAVLJANJE VRSTE SARGASSUM VULGARE C. AGARDH V SLOVENSKEM OBALNEM MORJU (JADRANSKO MORJE) Martina ORLANDO-BONACA & Borut MAVRIČ Morska biološka postaja, Nacionalni inštitut za biologijo, SI-6330 Piran, Fornače 41 E-mail: martina.orlando@mbss.org POVZETEK Trajnice iz rodu Sargassum veljajo za indikatorske vrste visoke kakovosti okolja in se zato uporabljajo pri oceni ekološkega stanja sredozemskih obalnih voda v skladu z evropsko Okvirno vodno direktivo (WFD, 2000/60/ES). V zadnjih treh desetletjih so raziskovalci večkrat poročali o pomembnem upadu populacij teh vrst tako v Tržaškem zalivu kot tudi v drugih jadranskih in sredozemskih območjih. V slovenskih obalnih vodah prisotnost vrst iz rodu Sargassum ni bila več potrjena po letu 1980, po hudemu padcu zaradi prekomerne paše morskega ježka Paracentrotus lividus. V Piranskem zalivu so bile nedavno najdene steljke navadne sargaške alge (S. vulgare), ki so rasle med stelj-kami cistozir (Cystoseira compressa), v globinskem razponu med 1,2 in 2,0 m. Žal so bile na raziskanem območju v poletnih mesecih opažene salpe (Sarpa salpa) med pašo, ki so skoraj v celoti pojedle vse steljke omenjenih trajnic. Clanek obravnava ponovno najdbo vrste S. vulgare kakor tudi možne vzroke, ki so privedli do neokrevanja njenih populacij v zadnjih desetletjih v slovenskih obalnih vodah. Ključne besede: Sargassum vulgare, novi podatki, neokrevanje populacij, Tržaški zaliv, Sredozemsko morje REFERENCES Antolic, B., A. Špan, A. Žuljevic, V. Nikolic, I. Grube-lic, M. Despalatovic & I. Cvitkovic (2010): A checklist of the benthic macroalgae from the eastern Adriatic coast: II. 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Short scientific article UDK 582.263:581.96(262.3) Received: 13-08-14 NEW RECORDS OF CAULERPA CYLINDRACEA SONDER (CAULERPALES, CHLOROPHYTA) IN ISTRIA, CROATIA Barbara SLADONJA Institute of Agriculture and Tourism Poreč, HR-52440 Poreč, Karla Huguesa 8, Croatia E-mail: barbara@iptpo.hr Vesna BANOVAC-KUČA Primary School Poreč, HR-52440 Poreč, Karla Huguesa 7, Croatia ABSTRACT In this paper new records of the invasive green alga Caulerpa cylindracea Sonder along the Istrian coast from Vrsar to Zambratija are presented. So far, the presence of this species in Istria has been limited to a few locations in the southern part of the peninsula, with the northernmost confirmed record in Vrsar. This new data points out the continuous spread of C. cylindracea populations northwards. Key words: Caulerpa cylindracea Sonder, non-indigenous alga, spread, northern Istria NUOVE SEGNALAZIONI DELL'ALGA CAULERPA CYLINDRACEA SONDER (CAULERPALES, CHLOROPHYTA) IN ISTRIA, CROAZIA SINTESI L'articolo presenta nuove segnalazioni dell'alga verde invasiva Caulerpa cylindracea Sonder lungo la costa istria-na, da Orsera a Zambrattia. Fino ad ora la presenza della specie in Istria era limitata a poche localita nell'area meridionale della penisola, con l'avvistamento piu settentrionale confermato a Orsera. I dati presentati evidenziano la continua estensione dei popolamenti di C. cylindracea verso nord. Parole chiave: Caulerpa cylindracea Sonder, alga non indigena, estensione, Istria settentrionale INTRODUCTION Marine algal invasions can significantly affect benthos community structures around the world (Ribera & Boudouresque, 1995; Meinesz et al., 2001; Kružic et al., 2008; Antolic et al., 2008; Cebrian & Balesteros, 2009). On the basis of the criteria elaborated by Boudouresque & Verlaque (2002), Caulerpa cylindracea Sonder, a green alga widely distributed in warm temperate and tropical seas, is one of 10 introduced macrophyte species which can be considered as the most invasive marine species in the Mediterranean Sea (Klein & Verlaque, 2008). C. cylindracea was observed in the Mediterranean Sea for the first time in 1991 in Libya (Žuljevic et al., 2007). The first occurrence of the species in the Adriatic Sea dates from the year 2000 (Žuljevic et al., 2003). Predominantly spread by currents, up to the end of 2006 there were more than 50 locations in the Adriatic Sea where the alga was recorded (Žuljevic et al., 2007). Several new investigations regarding the occurrence of C. cylindracea in the Adriatic Sea have been done recently. The potential impact of the species on sediments under the invasive alga was studied by Matijevic et al. (2013), while its reproduction and the impact on other marine organisms by Antolic et al. (2008), Kružic et al. (2008) and Žuljevic et al. (2008, 2011, 2012). So far, C. cylindracea has been recorded only in a few locations along the Istrian coast, at Cape Marlera in southern Istria and near Vrsar, representing the northernmost settlement of this species in the Mediterranean Sea (Iveša & Devescovi, 2006). Since these last records, the species has experienced an impressive speed of spreading northwards. The aim of this paper is to give evidence of new records of the invasive species C. cylindracea along the North Adriatic coast. MATERIAL AND METHODS Study area and field methods The present survey was conducted along the coastline from Vrsar to Zambratija, about 80 km in length. Data was collected during the summer periods of 2013 and 2014, by the use of snorkelling and professional SCUBA diving. During the summer of 2013 only sites around Poreč were examined, but the massive presence of C. cylindracea recorded (Fig. 1) motivated us to expand our research area during the next summer. Altogether, 12 sites from Vrsar to the Mirna River estuary were examined in 2013 and 6 more sites were examined in 2014 (Fig. 1). Data were collected in situ by using the transect technique (Harmelin, 1987), a non-destructive visual census methodology. Vertical transects, 30 m in length, were laid out perpendicular to the coast, in a depth range from 0 to 15 m. At each sampling site two researchers employed at least two diving hours for each survey. All the sites were geo-referenced by GPS coordinates (Tab. 1). GPS points corresponded to the points on the sea shore where the transect began. The coverage of the alga was estimated along the transect, 10 m to the left and 10 m to the right of the line, and classified within three levels. Levels are expressed as: 1: low abundance described sporadic algal patches not wider than 4 m2 of investigated algae; 2: medium for non-continuous presence along the transect but with patches larger than 4 m2; 3: high for continuous algal covering all along the transect. On sites 3, 4, 5, 9 and 11, qualitative data about the extension of the area covered by the species was obtained over two consecutive years. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Of the 18 examined sites, C. cylindracea was found in 14 of them (Fig. 2). The presence of the species was confirmed at all sampling stations in the Poreč area in 2013. Moreover, the repetition of surveys at the same sites in the second year revealed wider and thicker populations of the alga. Changes in algal cover are presented in Table 1. The northernmost record of C. cylindracea populations appears to be the Zambratija bay. This site was not surveyed during the first year, therefore the extension of the area covered by the species was not calculated, but in 2014 the coverage of the alga was estimated to be about 800 m2 (sites 17 and 18). The results of the present study confirm the presence of C. cylindracea in 14 new locations along the western Istrian coast. It can be stated that this non-indigenous species has quickly spread all along the coast from Vrsar to Zambratija. Since its introduction in the 1990s, the alga has extended throughout the whole Mediterranean Sea, usually forming dense and large populations with Fig. 1: The carpet of the alien algae Caulerpa cylindra-cea Sonder. Sl. 1: Preproga iz alge Caulerpa cylindracea Sonder Tab. 1: Description of investigated sites and C. cylindracea coverage along vertical transects in 2013 and 2014. Coverage levels are expressed as: 1: low coverage, which describes sporadic algal patches not wider than 4 m2; 2: medium coverage for non-continuous algal presence along the transect with patches larger than 4 m2; 3: high coverage for continuous algal patches along the transect; n. r.: not recorded. Tab. 1: Opis vzorčevalnih mest in številčnost vrste C. cylindracea vzdolž vertikalnih transektov v letih 2013 in 2014 Pokrovnost je izražena kot: 1: nizka - prevleke alge, manjše od 4 m2; 2: srednja - nepovezana navzočnost alge vzdolž transekta, ki obsega prevleke, večje od 4 m2; 3: velika - neprekinjene prevleke alge vzdolž transekta; n. r.: ni zabeleženo Site GPS coordinates Site description Bottom type Coverage level 2013 Coverage level 2014 Lat (N) Long (E) 1 45° 9' 47" 13° 36' 8" exposed shore rock, sand n. r. 2 2 45° 11'46" 13° 34' 53" exposed shore rock, sand n. r. 1 3 45° 12' 18" 13° 35'10" exposed shore rock, sand 2 3 4 45° 12'44" 13°35'24" sheltered bay rock, sand 2 3 5 45° 12' 56" 13° 35' 39" sheltered bay seagrass bed 2 3 6 45° 13' 59" 13° 35' 54" sheltered bay, muddy area mud n. r. 1 7 45° °14' 9" 13° 35' 44" slightly exposed shore rock, sand n. r. 1 8 45° 14' 49" 13°35' 34" exposed shore rock n. r. 1 9 45° 14' 54" 13° 35' 29" slightly exposed shore rock n. r. 2 10 45° 15' 56" 13° 34' 43" sheltered bay mud, seagrass bed 2 3 11 45° 16' 9" 13° 34' 48" sheltered bay rock 2 3 12 45° 17' 43" 13° 34' 21" exposed shore rock n. r. 1 13 45° 18' 53" 13° 34' 15" sheltered bay, brackish water sand, mud n. r. - 14 45° 22' 57" 13° 32' 12" exposed shore rock, sand n. r. - 15 45° 24' 2" 13° 32' 10" sheltered bay rock, sand n. r. - 16 45° 24' 14" 13° 31'44" slightly exposed shore rock, sand n. r. - 17 45° 28' 14" 13° 30' 35" sheltered bay sand, rock n. r 3 18 45° 28' 33" 13° 30' 16" sheltered bay seagrass bed n. r. 2 an invasive behaviour (Panayotidis & Zuljevic, 2001; Klein & Verlaque, 2008). During the present study C. cylindracea has been found on exposed shores as well as in sheltered bays, as previously found by Klein & Verlaque (2008). They also concluded that it tolerates high levels of pollution (Klein & Verlaque, 2008). During our surveys, in fact, its occurrence was not affected by the proximity of fishing and recreational boating harbours. This result does not necessarily demonstrate an affinity of the species for polluted areas, but may be a consequence of the secondary dispersal mechanisms via tourist or fishing activities (Klein & Verlaque, 2008). Regarding the impact of this invasive alga on native habitats Piazzi et al. (2001) observed that it causes an anoxic layer under thick algal layers. Moreover, the same au- thors showed modifications caused by C. cylindracea invasion on the structure of the benthic macro algal community. The species is capable of reproducing sexually and vegetatively (Klein & Verlaque, 2008) and it is considered a strong competitor species in moderate areas (Blazina et al., 2009). Its prolific development can be explained in part by the effective vegetative propagation mechanisms in addition to sexual reproduction. So far, management strategies have been concentrated on manual and chemical control of the spread of the alga. For the Adriatic Sea Zuljevic et al. (2007) reported the successful eradication of the species in areas with small colonies. The need for researches about biological control mechanisms was underlined (Zuljevic et al., 2007; Klein & Verlaque, 2008). Fig. 2: Sampling sites and distribution of C. cylindracea along the western Istrian coast from Vrsar to Zambratija. Sl. 2: Vzorčevalna mesta in razširjenost vrste C. cylindracea vzdolž zahodne istrske obale med Vrsarjem in Zambratijo Further studies and monitoring are needed in order to ascertain other C. cylindracea locations, follow its spread in the Adriatic Sea and to establish successful prevention and perhaps eradication programmes. As this invasive species spreads steadily to almost all of the Mediterranean Sea (Cebrian & Ballesteros, 2009), it is possible that it will be soon present in the whole northern Adriatic Sea. Common efforts between Croatia, Slovenia and Italy are needed in order to complete the dataset about C. cylindracea spreading and to establish an effective monitoring system. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors wish to thank friends and colleagues who provided us with field data: Milos Trifunac from Ronilacki klub Porec (Brulo), Marko Martincic, Marta Susek, Diego Makovac, Dejan Gabric and Mateo Popic. Special thanks to Nina, Ivan and Kina Sladonja for devoted field work in data collection during the summers of 2013 and 2014. The authors wish to thank an anonymous referee for the critical and constructive approach and useful comments on the manuscript. NOVI ZAPISI O POJAVLJANJU ALGE CAULERPA CYLINDRACEA SONDER (CAULERPALES, CHLOROPHYTA) OB ISTRSKI OBALI (HRVAŠKA) Barbara SLADONJA Institut za poljoprivredu i turizam Poreč, HR-52440 Poreč, Karla Huguesa 8, Hrvatska E-mail: barbara@iptpo.hr Vesna BANOVAC-KUČA OŠ Poreč, HR-52440 Poreč, Karla Huguesa 7, Hrvatska POVZETEK V zadnjih letih je postalo širjenje invazivnih vrst v morskem okolju zelo zaskrbljujoče. Caulerpa cylindracea Sonder je invazivna vrsta zelene alge, ki se razširja v Sredozemskem morju. Prvič so jo zabeležili leta 1991, v Jadranskem morju pa leta 2000. Doslej je bila navzočnost te vrste omejena na nekaj lokalitet v južnem predelu istrskega polotoka z najsevernejšo znano lokaliteto Vrsar. V tem prispevku smo želeli podati nove podatke o pojavljanju te vrste na območju od Vrsarja do Zambratije. Od 18 preiskanih lokalitet je bila na 14 potrjena navzočnost vrste C. cylindracea. Spričo razširjanja te vrste proti severu je smiselno pripraviti spremljanje stanja vrste na Hrvaškem, v Sloveniji in Italiji z namenom načrtovanja programov učinkovitega monitoringa, uspešnega preprečevanja in morebitnega odstranjevanja te vrste. Ključne besede: Caulerpa cylindracea Sonder, tujerodna alga, razširjanje, severna Istra REFERENCES Antolic, B., A. Zuljevic, M. Despalatovic, I. Grubelic & I. Cvitkovic (2008): Impact of the invasive green alga Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea on the epiphytic macroalgal assemblage of Posidonia oceanica seagrass rhizomes in the Adriatic Sea. Nova Hedwigia, 86, 155167. Blazina, M., Lj. Ivesa & M. Najdek (2009): Caulerpa recemosa: adaptive varieties studied by fatty acid composition (Northern Adriatic Sea, Vrsar, Croatia). Eur. J. Phycol., 44, 183-189. 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FAVNA FAUNA FAUNA Original scientific article UDK 594.35:591.9(262.32) Received: 2014-09-15 NEW RECORDS OF OPISTHOBRANCH GASTROPODS IN THE WATERS OFF SLOVENIA (GULF OF TRIESTE, NORTHERN ADRIATIC SEA) Lovrenc LIPEJ & Borut MAVRIC Marine Biology Station Piran, National Institute of Biology, SI-6330 Piran, Fornace 41, Slovenia E-mail: lipej@mbss.org Jan SIMIC Mediteranum Piran - The Magical World of Shells, SI-6330 Piran, Tartinijev trg 15, Slovenia Domen TRKOV Biodiva - Conservation biologist society, SI-6000 Koper, Kettejeva 1, Slovenia ABSTRACT The paper deals with four opisthobranch molluscs, which were found in the Slovenian marine waters as new records. The pleurobranchomorph Pleurobranchea meckeli was found on two occasions on muddy detritic bottom in the Gulf of Piran in June of 2013 and 2014. The nudibranch Favorinus branchialis was found in May and June 2014 on turf vegetation in a very shallow area off the pier in Koper harbour. Its spawn with white eggs was also found nearby. The second nudibranch Facelina rubrovittata was found in March 2010 crawling in the intertidal zone of the Nature reserve Strunjan. The third nudibranch Dondice banyulensis was found in waters of the Nature Monument Debeli rtic on sedimentary bottom. With the finding of these four species, the total number of opisthobranchs recorded to date in the Slovenian part of the Adriatic Sea increased to 75 species. Key words: opisthobranch fauna, Gulf of Trieste, Slovenia NUOVE SEGNALAZIONI DI GASTEROPODI OPISTOBRANCHI NELLE ACQUE AL LARGO DELLA SLOVENIA (GOLFO DI TRIESTE, ADRIATICO SETTENTRIONALE) SINTESI L'articob riporta il ritrovamento in acque marine slovene di quattro nuovi molluschi opistobranchi. La specie Pleurobranchea meckeli (ordine Pleurobranchomorpha) e stata trovata in due occasioni su fondo detritico fangoso nella baia di Pirano, nel mese di giugno del 2013 e del 2014. Il nudibranco Favorinus branchialis e stato trovato in maggio e in giugno del 2014, sul basso tappeto di vegetazione chiamato turf, a poca profonditá al largo del molo nel porto di Capodistria. Le uova bianche di questa specie sono state trovate nelle vicinanze. Il secondo nudibranco Facelina rubrovittata e stato trovato nel marzo 2010 nel piano mediolitorale della Riserva naturale di Strugnano. Il terzo nudibranco Dondice banyulensis e stato trovato nelle acque del Monumento naturale di Punta grossa, su fondo sedimentario. Con il ritrovamento di queste quattro specie, il numero totale di opistobranchi confermati fino ad oggi nella parte slovena del mare Adriatico e salito a 75 specie. Parole chiave: fauna di opistobranchi, Golfo di Trieste, Slovenia INTRODUCTION Although the Gulf of Trieste is considered to be a pioneer region in marine biological research, some rare, less known and even alien marine species have been discovered during recent decades. Research of sea slugs discovered in the area shows similar patterns. One of the main reasons is the fact that nowadays the number of SCUBA divers is continuously increasing and many of them are skilled underwater photographers as well. However, the opisthobranch fauna of the Slovenian part of the Adriatic Sea did not attract particular scientific attention in the past in comparison with other Mediterranean areas. Only a few papers dealt with the opistho-branchs of the area. The very first paper was published by Graeffe (1903), who studied the mollusks in the Gulf of Trieste. However, the great majority of data mentioned are related to the harbour of Trieste and adjacent areas. In the Slovenian part of the Gulf of Trieste, the first data on opisthobranchs can be found in a catalogue on mollusks, published by De Min & Vio (1997). In a checklist of opisthobranchs in the Adriatic Sea, with particular reference to the Slovenian part, Turk (2000) presented the first data on this group in Slovenian waters. This checklist was complemented further by later works of Turk (2005a, b), Samu (2007), Lipej et al. (2008, 2012), Desco (20082009) and Mavric & Lipej (2012). Certain species, such as Cumanotus beaumonti (Turk, 2005a, b) and Piseinoth- □ Fig. 1: Map of the studied area with localities where opisthobranchs were found. Sl. 1: Zemljevid obravnavanega območja z lokalitetami, na katerih smo našli polže zaškrgarje Legend/ Legenda: & - Pleurobranchea meckelii, O - Fa-cellina rubrovittata, □ - Favorinus branchialis, A - Don-dice banyulensis ecus sphaerifera (Mavric & Lipej, 2012) were previously found only in a few places in the Mediterranean and in other parts of the world's oceans. In this paper we report on four new records of four opisthobranch species, which were found in the Slovenian marine waters. MATERIAL AND METHODS Opisthobranchs were collected using a hand net in different areas of the Slovenian coastal sea (Gulf of Trieste) during regular and occasional samplings (Fig. 1). The species identity of sea slugs has been assessed by the use of different identification keys such as Pruvot-Fol (1954), Barletta (1980), Schmekel & Portmann (1982) and Train-ito (2005). Specialized internet web sites such as www. seaslugforum.net were helpful as well. The taxonomy and nomenclature are in accordance with the World Register of Marine Species - WoRMS (www.marinespecies.org). The specimens were photographed and measured alive and subsequently fixed in 70 % alcohol solution. The material is deposited in the collection of the Marine Biology Station (MBS) of the National Institute of Biology. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Order Pleurobranchomorpha Pleurobranchaeidae Pilsbry, 1896 Pleurobranchaea Leue, 1813 Pleurobranchea meckeli (Blainville, 1825) Material: 6th June 2013, 2 specimens, 21 m depth, biocoenosis of detritic bottom, 1nm W of Piran, Gulf of Piran; 7th June 2014, 1 specimen, 20 m depth, biocoenosis of detritic Fig. 2: A specimen of Pleurobranchea meckelii caught in the Gulf of Piran by a dredge on the detritic coastal bottom in June 2014. (Photo: L. Lipej) Sl. 2: Primerek vrste Pleurobranchea meckelii, ujet s pridneno mrežo na obrežnem detritnem dnu v juniju 2014 (Foto: L. Lipej) bottom, 1nm NW of Piran, Gulf of Piran. The third specimen is housed in the collection of MBS. Three specimens of P. meckeli (Fig. 2) were found within the material collected with a benthic dredge in June 2013 and 2014. The specimens were transferred into aquarium tanks; however they died some days later. This species was previously not recorded in waters off Slovenia. In the broader area, Graeffe (1903) mentioned this species in the checklist of sea slugs in the Gulf of Trieste. He pointed out that P. meckeli inhabits deeper areas of the Gulf and is often caught in fishermen's nets. Order Nudibranchia Family Facelinidae Bergh, 1889 Favorinus M. E. Gray, 1850 Favorinus branchialis (Rathke, 1806) Material: Koper harbour, 29th May 2014, 1 m depth, pier wall covered with turf, 1specimen; 30th May 2014, 1 m depth, turf, 2 specimens; 3rd June 2014, turf, 1 m depth, 2 specimens, stored in the collection of MBS. Six specimens of Favorinus branchialis (Fig. 3) were found on three different sampling days in May and June 2014 in the commercial harbour of the coastal town of Koper. All specimens were found on a low algal vegetation belt (known as turf) at 1 m depth. Other sea slug species, such as Elysia viridis, were found grazing in the same area. On 29th May the eggs of F. branchialis were found as well. White eggs were located in a spiral-shaped band (Fig. 4). The specimens were easily identified due to the bulbous swelling below the top of their rhinophores (Sch-maeckel & Portmann, 1982). All specimens were more or less whitish with darker cerata. The colour also de- Y y Fig. 3: A specimen of Favorinus branchialis found on turf in May 2014 in Koper harbour. (Photo: D. Trkov, L. Lipej) Sl. 3: Primerek vrste Favorinus branchialis, najden na turfu v maju 2014 v koprskem pristanišču (Foto: D. Trkov, L. Lipej) pends on feeding habits. F. branchialis was reported to feed on the eggs of other opisthobranchs (Schmekel & Portmann, 1982). Graeffe (1903) mentioned this species as found in the Gulf of Trieste. Odhner (1914) and Vatova (1928) reported F. branchialis from the northern Adriatic area of Rovi-gno (in Thompson, 1985/1986), while recently Rinaldi (2012) mentioned this species in waters off Ravenna. Perrone (1983) found many F. branchialis specimens in the mediolitoral belt on or under rocks (which was also the case for our specimens) at San Vito in the Ionian Sea. Facelina Alder & Hancock, 1855 Facelina rubrovittata (Costa A., 1866) Material: Single specimen, Mesecev zaliv, Nature reserve Strunjan, March 2010, < 1 m depth, bare rocks. Specimen was photographed and released. A specimen of F. rubrovittata (Fig. 5) in shallow water in the intertidal zone on a rocky area. The specimen was an adult, since its rhinophora were lamellated. The studied specimen fits well with the description of Sch-maeckel & Portmann (1982): large oral tentacles, cylindrical rhinophora with brown basal parts, five groups of pointed cerata on the flanks, the tail without cerata and broken reddish lines on the back. According to Schmekel & Portmann (1982), F. rubrovittata feeds on colonial hydrozoan cnidarians of the genus Eudendrium. At the site where it was found the sandstone boulders are frequently covered with such hydroid colonies, which are grazed mainly by a nudi-branch Cratena peregrina. F. rubrovittata has been already recorded in the western Mediterranean, off the Atlantic coast of Spain Fig. 4: Spawn of Favorinus branchialis found on turf at 1 m depth in the harbour of Koper. (Photo: B. Mavrič) Sl. 4: Leglo vrste Favorinus branchialis, najdeno na turfu v maju 2014 v koprskem pristanišču (Foto: B. Mavrič) Fig. 5: A specimen of Facelina rubrovittata found in the intertidal zone of Mesečev zaliv within the marine protected area of Strunjan. (Photo: N. Erbida) Sl. 5: Primerek vrste Facelina rubrovittata, najden v bibavičnem pasu v Mesečevem zalivu znotraj Naravnega rezervata Strunjan (Foto: N. Erbida) (Schmekel & Portmann, 1982; Rudman, 2000) and in the eastern part of the waters of southern Turkey (Yokes, 2001). Graeffe (1903) mentioned this species from the Gulf of Trieste under the name Acanthopsole albida. Recently a record from western part of Adriatic Sea was reported by Magnani (2006) for the Tremiti islands. Dondice Marcus, 1958 Dondice banyulensis Portmann & Sandmeier, 1960 Material: Single specimen, aquatory in front of the lighthouse, Nature Monument Debeli rtič, 9th September 2014, depth 10 m, sedimentary detritic bottom. Specimen is stored in the collection at MBS. Fig. 6: A specimen of Dondice banyulensis on a poly-chaet Spirographis spallanzani on the bottom of the Debeli rtič Nature Monument on 9th September 2014. (Photo: B. Mavrič) Sl. 6: Primerek vrste Dondice banyulensis na mnogošče-tincu Spirographis spallanzani v Naravnem spomeniku Debeli rtič, fotografiran 9. septembra 2014 (Foto: B. Mavrič) A single specimen of D. banyulensis was found in the eastern part of Slovenian coastal waters at the depth of 10 m. The 4 cm long specimen was crawling on the polychaet Spirographis spallanzani (Fig. 6) on the sedimentary detritic bottom made of the dead corallites of Cladocora caespitosa. The species was easily recognized due to its size, colour pattern, huge tentacles, lamellate rhinophora and three white lines, a median line and two lateral lines (see Portmann & Sandmeier, 1960; Schmekel & Portmann, 1982). Though this species is not supposed to be a rare or less known species, it was previously not reported in the Slovenian waters. Turk (2000) mentioned this species to be seasonally more frequent in the vicinity of submerged freshwater springs near Jur-jevo in the northern Adriatic Sea (Croatia) with the comment that it is probably a rare species. However, there are some records of this species in the northern Adriatic reported in the www.seaslugforum.net. Species richness of opisthobranchs in Slovenia Taking into consideration the finding of the four studied species and Piseinothecus sphaerifera, recently recorded in the nearby area of the Koper harbour (Mavric & Lipej, 2012), the total number of species recorded to date in Slovenia has grown to 75 species. Although the Slovenian coastal sea represents only a very small portion of the Adriatic Sea, we agree that the list of opisthobranchs will be expanded even more in the near future. Records of opisthobranchs are strongly related to three main factors: (i) their detectability, (ii) the availability of proper habitat type, in terms of feeding and grazing (sensu Lipej et al., 2008) and (iii) the improvement of sampling techniques. The nudibranch F. branchialis was recorded on turf in a very shallow area in the rather polluted harbour of Koper. The inspection of turf vegetation and similar peculiar habitat types in areas of intense maritime traffic could be helpful in finding other opisthobranchs not yet recorded in the studied area, as well as non indigenous species, which are known to colonize impoverished ecosystems. In fact, the finding of the rare and less known P. sphaerifera occurred in a similar habitat type in the harbour of Koper (Mavric & Lipej, 2012). It has to be taken into consideration also the fact that Graeffe (1903) found many opisthobranchs in the broader area of the Gulf of Trieste, which have not yet been confirmed in the waters off Slovenia. The number of species inhabiting the Slovenian part of the Adriatic Sea would probably increase also with the solving of some taxonomical problems related to certain species found in the area but not yet identified. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to express our gratitude to our colleague Nina Erbida who provided us with photographs of the studied species. Special thanks go also to two anonymous reviewers for improving the quality of our paper. NOVI ZAPISI O POJAVLJANJU POLŽEV ZAŠKRGARJEV (OPISTHOBRANCHIA) V VODAH SLOVENIJE (TRŽAŠKI ZALIV, SEVERNI JADRAN) Lovrenc LIPEJ & Borut MAVRIČ Morska biološka postaja, Nacionalni inštitut za biologijo, SI-6330 Piran, Fornače 41 E-mail: lipej@mbss.org Jan SIMIČ Mediteranum Piran, Čarobni svet školjk, SI-6330 Piran, Tartinijev trg 15 Domen TRKOV Biodiva - Društvo varstvenih biologov, SI-6000 Koper, Kettejeva 1 POVZETEK Prispevek obravnava podatke o štirih vrstah polžev zaškrgarjev (Opisthobranchia), ki so bili najdeni v slovenskem delu Jadranskega morja. V letih 2013 in 2014 smo našli nekaj primerkov vrste Pleurobranchea meckelii. Gološkrgarja vrste Favorinus branchialis smo našli na nizki blazinasti vegetaciji v plitvem morju ob koprskemu pomolu v maju in juniju 2014. V bližini je bil tudi njegov mrest. O tej vrsti so znani zapisi iz okolice Rovinja in Ravenne. Drugega gološkrgarja vrste Facelina rubrovittata smo našli v Mesečevemu zalivu v naravnem rezervatu Strunjan marca 2010. Ta vrsta je bila doslej znana predvsem iz zahodnega dela Sredozemskega morja, v Jadranskem morju pa je znan le zapis z zahodne obale južnega Jadrana iz leta 2006. Tretjega gološkrgarja Dondice banyulensis smo odkrili na dnu naravnega spomenika Debeli rtič, kjer se je plazil po perjanici cevkastega mnogoščetinca Spirographis spallanzani. Z novimi najdbami se je število v slovenskem morju ugotovljenih vrst polžev zaškrgarjev povečalo na 75. Te najdbe potrjujejo hipotezo, da je vrstna pestrost slovenskega dela Jadranskega morja izjemno velika, hkrati pa se bo seznam novoodkritih polžev zaškrgarjev v prihodnosti nedvomno še dopolnjeval z novimi zapisi. Ključne besede: polži zaškrgarji, Tržaški zaliv, Slovenija REFERENCES Barletta, G. (1980): Guide per il riconoscimento delle specie animali delle acque lagunari e costiere italiane. 3. Gasteropodi nudi. 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Available from www.seaslugforum.net/find/5677 Original scientific article UDK 594.1(262.32):591.134 Received: 2014-10-06 THE STOCK STATUS OF CALLISTA CHIONE (LINNAEUS, 1758) EXPLOITED IN THE GULF OF TRIESTE Cristina COGLIEVINA, Manuel DE MUNARI, Domenico CIORCIARO & Donatella DEL PIERO Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, Italy E-mail: delpiero@units.it ABSTRACT The study investigated smooth clam Callista chione (Linnaeus, 1758), collected in July 2010 at 23 sample sites in the Gulf of Trieste. From the results it was found that in some groups, an inverse correlation exists between length--at-age (estimated from the number of the tiny slowing growth translucent bands with a LED pointer) and sampling depth. The results confirmed observation from 1992 and 1993 surveys and the environmental features at different depths are still largely unknown. Unfortunately in 2013 and 2014 the clam beds were affected by a mass mortality that could compromise this fishery in the maritime District of Monfalcone, so a rapid growth assessment could be helpful for fishermen activity and management decision. Key words: Callista chione, Gulf of Trieste, length-at-age, population structure STATO DELLO STOCK DI CALLISTA CHIONE (LINNAEUS, 1758) NEL GOLFO DI TRIESTE SINTESI Nella ricerca, condotta nell'ambito dei rapporti di collaborazione con il CO.GE.MO. di Monfalcone e stata ana-lizzata la popolazione di Callista chione (Linnaeus, 1758) campionata a mezzo di un'imbarcazione professionale a fine luglio 2010 in 23 stazioni del Golfo di Trieste. Dai risultati, e emerso che organismi della stessa eta stimata dall'enumerazione delle sottili bande chiare visibili per trasparenza, hanno lunghezza minore a profondita maggiore. Tale fenomeno potrebbe essere dovuto alle caratteristiche ambientali, tuttora in massima parte ignote, alle diverse profondita. Nel 2013 e nel 2014 le aree di pesca sono state interessate da episodi di mortalita che potrebbero met-tere a rischio l'attivita almeno nel C.M. di Monfalcone per cui un sistema rapido di censimento demografico pud risultare di estrema utilita anche per gli operatori della pesca. Parole chiave: Callista chione, Golfo di Trieste, eta - lunghezza, struttura di popolazione INTRODUCTION Callista chione (Linnaeus, 1758) is an infaunal species that lives in the Atlantic and in the Mediterranean, generally on sandy substrates at depths ranging from 10 to 130 m (Poppe & Goto, 1993; Moura et al., 2008) up to 180 m (Ezgeta-Balic et al., 2011). The species is exploited in Portugal (Gaspar et al., 2001, 2002; Moura et al.,2009), Spain (Tirado et al., 2002; Baeta et al., 2014), France (Charles et al., 1999) Croatia (Ezgeta-Balic et al., 2011), Greece (Metaxatos, 2004; Leontarakis & Richardson, 2005), and in Italy mainly in the Gulf Trieste (Valli et al., 1983-1984; Del Piero, 1994, 1997-1998) and in the Gulf of Venice (Ma-rano et al., 1998). In the Gulf of Trieste the fishery is mainly carried out in an area 3-6 nm from the coast with hydraulic dredg- es. According to the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Forestry (Ministero delle Risorse Agricole, Alimentari e Forestali, 1994) the smooth clams live burrowed in the sediment and are found on sandy beds with 200-300 m in extension and 50-100 cm in height. They are less frequent on the pelitic substrate. The Monfalcone Consortium for molluscs management (CO.GE.MO.) restricted the fishery in his own district and assayed the restocking of the bivalve beds in 2007 aiming at the recovery of the smooth clams populations in the area. With this purpose 20 metric tons of clams (with no size selection) were moved from an area 20-22 m in depth to a shallower one 14-16 m in depth. In addition the exploitation of the beds where the experiment took place was restricted. This decision was partly supported by previous data (Rebec, 1997-1998; Braida, 2001-2002). These authors, counted the macro-growth bands in the shell (dark and Fig. 1: Sampling stations, schematic outline (courtesy M. Burca, OGS). The detailed bathymetric map of the Gulf of Trieste was elaborated by the RIMA Dept. of the National Institute of Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics (OGS) (Dr. Diviacco and Dr. Burca) on the basis of a previous publication (Gordini et al., 2003 with author's permission). Sl. 1: Vzorčevalne postaje in shematski pregled (z dovoljenjem: M. Burca OGS). Natančni batimetrični zemljevid Tržaškega zaliva je bil izdelan v oddelku RIMA iz Nacionalnega inštituta za oceanografijo in eksperimentalno geofiziko (OGS) (dr. Diviacco in dr. Burca) na podlagi predhodne publikacije (z avtorjevim dovoljenjem Gordini et al., 2003). translucent, roughly one year), found a difference of three years among clams of the same length (45 mm) sampled at 16 and 22 m depth. Due to the results of Keller et al. (2002), showing that growth is faster till the clams reach the fourth year, it seemed a promising idea to transfer clams into a shallower area where the growth rate is supposed to be faster. All these results underlined the necessity of demography implementation in stock management of C. chione, being the minimum size only (25 mm, but fishermen select the clams from 40 mm onwards) an insufficient parameter for this long-living and still poorly known species. The objectives of the study are to underline the importance of demographic structure and growth rate as a support for the management strategies. MATERIAL AND METHODS The samples analysed in this study were collected in July 2010, onboard a commercial fishing boat equipped with a commercial dredge (bar space 25 mm). A total of 26 stations were sampled in the Monfalcone maritime District (Fig. 1). No clams were found on three stations (10, 11 and 12). Moreover, sample 25 was erroneously discarded after the first measurements and therefore no data is presented. The sampling sites were chosen in order to satisfy the management needs of the Consortium, by sampling both currently exploited areas and sites unfished for a long time. For each sample site the coordinates at the beginning and at the end of the haul were recorded by using the GPS receiver. Depth was obtained using the echo sounder on the vessel. The clams were weighed on board using a steelyard and were subsequently processed in the laboratory at the Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste. Shell length was measured on a total of 1989 individuals with a digital calliper to the lowest mm. In addition, shell height and shell thickness of at least 30 randomly selected clams (786 individuals in total), were measured to the lowest mm with a digital calliper following Valli et al. (19831984, 1994). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov D test was applied to the frequency distributions and 14 samples with significant difference in cumulative distribution distance are reported. On these 14 samples age-at-length estimates were done. The description of the shell structure can be found in Taylor et al. (1973). The estimated age was obtained counting the narrow bright bands on the left valve with a support of a LED pointer (Fig. 2). The tiny bright band is formed once a year (Rebec, 1997-1998; Braida 20012002) due to a lower growth rate, the latter being related to the local gonadal cycle (described by Valli et al., 1983-1984) for the Gulf of Trieste area. For each sub-sample the individuals at 5th percentile, at the median value and at the 95th percentile were examined. In few dubious cases thin sections of the right valve (courtesy of Mr. L. Furlan, Prof. F. Princivalle and Prof. G. Fonto- Fig. 2: Slow growth bright bands (marked by black arrows) and age estimate: length 6.4 cm, height 4.5 cm, thickness 2.7 cm. The clam is presumed to be 11 years old (credits C. Coglievina). Sl. 2: Svetli trakovi, ki označujejo počasno rast (označeni s črnimi puščicami) in ocena starosti: dolžina 6,4 cm, višina 4,5 cm, debelina 2,7 cm. Starost školjke je ocenjena na 11 let (avtor C. Coglievina). lan, director of the Department of Mathematics and Ge-osciences of University of Trieste) were performed and then the growth rings were examined using a stereomi-croscope. However not all dubious cases were resolved and therefore the individuals were excluded from the present analysis and stored for subsequent examination. The Spearman's p test was performed to evaluate the relation between estimated length-at-age and station depth. The statistical analyses were performed using Statgraphics Centurion XVI. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The results obtained from each station are summarized in Table 1. It can be observed that the lower density was found at station 13. In Table 3 are summarized the results for the 14 samples used for age analysis. The presence in the samples of specimen restocked in 2007 (st. 25 and 26) from a deeper to a shallower area showed a recovery in growth rate (Del Piero et al., 2010) suggesting to search for a rapid method for determining the age of the clams. The samples chosen were the ones showing significant differences in the Kolmogorov-Smirnov D test (Tab. 2) and were also different in the regression calculated between ln valve weight and ln dry weight (data not shown). The data on distribution are important for management, as a proxy for testing the fishery area status and could help in management strategy and the differences in the regression slope among the variables reported Tab.1: Survey results summary: only the sites where C. chione was found are reported. Tab. 1: Pregled dobljenih rezultatov z lokalitet, kjer je bila najdena školjka vrste C. chione Station Date Depth (m) Density (g/m2) Abundance Mean shell length ±SD (cm) Median (cm) 1 26/07/10 18 28.4 99 5.56 ± 1.401 5.8 2 18/15 19.2 82 6.18 ± 0.93 6.25 3 18 9.3 68 6.28 ± 0.84 6.2 4 17 8 59 6.11 ± 0.663 6.2 5 17 18.5 108 6.28± 1.007 6.3 6 15 20.4 112 5.11 ± 1.489 5.2 7 15 4.2 72 5.07± 1.349 5.3 8 13 38.8 118 6.31 ± 0.804 6.3 9 13.5 49 120 5.43± 1.705 5.9 13 27/07/10 17.9 1.9 52 5.37± 1.383 5.7 14 17.5 2.5 19 5.58 ± 1.058 6 15 17 2.8 24 5.48±1.225 5.5 16 17.5 4.7 40 5.17± 1.468 5.65 17 15 16.6 117 5.45± 1.342 5.6 18 15.5 10.2 80 5.69±1.183 6.1 19 28/07/10 15.5 58.1 134 5.86±0.785 5.95 20 15 39.4 88 6.04± 0.746 6 21 15 164.2 94 6.20±0.756 6.2 22 15 127.5 102 5.87± 0.806 6 23 14 64.9 94 5.94±0.877 6 24 14.5 156.8 100 6.00±0.726 6.1 25* 12 68.8 104 5.84±1.042 5.9 26 11 157.1 103 5.83±0.866 5.9 * The sample 25 was erroneously discarded after the first measurements. above, but not discussed here, may be also important for checking some population characteristics. The age estimation was performed from the inner side of the left valve with a LED pointer from the umbo to the ventral margin: dark bands relatively large (fast-growing) and thin translucent (slow-growing; Taylor et a/., 1973) become clearly visible. The periodicity of growth rate in this species and in this area was first reported in Hall et a/. (1974). The observation was performed referring to past experiences, when massive growth ring counts and estimated age results were largely confirmed by isotopic analysis (Keller et a/., 2002). In the umbo there are no particular problems discerning the two different bands, at the ventral margin it becomes more and more difficult. The ventral margin of the clams presented a tiny clear band. As the survey was done between 26 and 28 July, it can be assumed that the last translucent band represents the slowing or stopping of growth in 2010, probably due to reproduction cycle as observed by Rebec (1997-1998) and Braida (2001-2002). Similar pattern seems not to be uncommon since it was also found by Kelly & Cerrato (2007) in Mercenaria mercenaria in Narrangasett Bay (RI, USA). In some special cases, bands of slow growth have been enumerated observing thin sections even if some patterns remain unresolved. Table 3 and Figure 3 show that similar lengths may correspond to different estimated age and in many cases less depth means higher length-at-year. The Spearman's p test was performed on clams assigned to the age-class 3 and 8 to explore if the supposed pattern was maintained among different cohorts in different years. The individuals younger than three and older than eight years were poor represented in the collected samples. The results showed the presence of an inverse correlation between length and depth. For the 3 years group (5 individuals) the p Tab. 2: Results of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov D test. Da - max difference obtained between two samples, D - max expected difference at p = 0.05. Tab. 2: Rezultati Kolmogorov-Smirnovega D testa. Da - maksimalna razlika med dvema vzorcema, D - maksimalna pričakovana razlika na nivoju p = 0,05 St St Da D 1 9 0.18439 0.17020 13 0.23260 0.18434 15 0.30900 0.22854 24 0.19255 0.15263 5 16 0.25137 0.23981 6 9 0.17843 0.11726 16 0.25016 0.24643 8 9 0.17607 0.11370 18 0.19669 0.18665 13 19 0.22189 0.12859 22 0.23141 0.17308 23 0.23472 0.17676 24 0.23219 0.23000 25 0.23066 0.17308 14 16 0.37840 0.31711 19 0.33293 0.21524 22 0.33935 0.21465 23 0.34161 0.25700 24 0.33988 0.32211 16 19 0.30103 0.16791 was -1, n = 5, p < 0.01 and in the case of the group of 8 years (8 individuals) the p value was -0.729, n = 8, p < 0.05. The hypothesis of difference in length-at-age due to the depth emerged previously (Del Piero, 1997-1998) as a result of the analysis of two surveys conducted in September 1992 and May 1993 when a rough relationship between exploitation strategies and the structure of the population studied was found. At the beginning of 90ies in order to increase the income, fishermen used to land smaller individuals because they were sold at a higher price. A warning was done about this practice that could drive, in the long run, to an imbalance in the age-classes structure with possible negative effect on recruitment due to a probable competition adults - recruits in the fishery areas at least, because at that time in unexploited clam beds (deeper than 20 m), no such effect was observed (Del Piero, 1997-1998). The differences found in the distributions among samples could also be a consequence of a commercial strategy because often the fishermen are requested to land molluscs of size interval comprised between 4 cm and 6 cm regardless of the age. However, these results showed that difference might be primarily related to the depth, and this may be influenced by many causes all to be tested quite urgently. One of the reasons could be the exploitation carried out by fishermen usually on areas closer to the coast and at a shallower depth, causing a decrease in smooth clam density. Fishing closer to the coast is less expensive too, in terms of time and fuel spent and it could be the only chance to work in rough conditions at sea. It must be emphasized that there is a greater exploitation on the areas closer to the coast when sea conditions are unfavourable and it's possible to sell clams less valuable due to dark bands on the shell. These black bands are frequent on clams fished near rivers mouths and are due to presence of adsorbed FeS present in the upper layer of the shell as resulted through elemental probe X-ray microanalysis. The reddish colour of the shell is due to iron oxides in the external carbonate layer (Braida, 2001-2002; F. Princivalle, pers. comm.). The clams collected in those areas were in general larger (Del Piero, 1997-1998) probably due to the lower fishery pressure exerted. Tab. 3 Samples from stations resulting significantly different in slope: three specimens randomly selected at 5th percentile (P 0.05), median and 95th percentile (P 0.95). Tab. 3: Vzorci s postaj, ki so se značilno razlikovali v naklonu: trije naključno izbrani primerki na nivoju 5. percentila (P 0.05), mediane in 95. percentila (P 0.95) Station Depth (m) Percentile Length (cm) Height (cm) Thickness (cm) Band no. 1 18 P 0.05 3.2 2.4 1.2 3 median 5.8 4.6 2.8 8 P 0.95 7.4 5.8 3.3 9 5 17 P 0.05 4.7 3.6 2.0 6 median 6.4 4.5 2.7 11 P 0.95 7.7 6.3 3.9 13 6 15 P 0.05 2.6 1.8 1.0 1 median 5.1 3.8 2.2 5 P 0.95 7.2 5.5 3.2 9 8 13 P 0.05 4.9 3.6 2.1 3 median 6.4 4.8 2.9 8 P 0.95 7.5 5.5 3.3 8 9 13.5 P 0.05 2 1.4 0.8 1 median 5.9 4.4 2.5 6 P 0.95 7.5 5.7 3.4 13 13 17.9 P 0.05 2.9 2.2 1.2 2 median 5.7 4.4 2.6 8 P 0.95 7.4 5.6 3.3 9 14 17.5 P 0.05 3.2 2.4 1.4 2 median 6 4.6 2.8 7 P 0.95 6.3 4.8 3.0 7 15 17 P 0.05 3.7 2.8 1.6 3 median 5.4 3.9 2.4 7 P 0.95 6.3 4.7 2.7 10 16 17.5 P 0.05 3.4 2.6 1.4 3 median 5.7 4.2 2.7 6 P 0.95 7 5.3 3.2 8 18 15.5 P 0.05 4 3 1.6 2 median 6.1 4.6 2.9 7 P 0.95 7.3 5.6 3.5 15 19 15.5 P 0.05 4.6 3.3 2.0 3 median 6 4.5 2.7 8 P 0.95 7 5.4 3.5 10 22 15 P 0.05 4.5 3.3 2.0 5 median 6 4.5 2.8 6 P 0.95 6.8 5.1 3.0 7 23 14 P 0.05 4.4 3.2 1.7 4 median 6 4.5 2.7 7 P 0.95 7.5 5.7 3.5 8 24 14.5 P 0.05 5 3.8 2.0 5 median 6.1 4.4 2.6 7 P 0.95 7.2 5.3 3.1 8 CONCLUSIONS The survey carried out in 2010 depicts a quite complex situation of the population status of the smooth clam, with variable estimated density, distribution and length-at-age. The assessment of the latter was done using a rapid evaluation method. Fig. 3: Bands count and length (cm) in the 14 stations with significantly different regression slope for In valve length and ln dry weight. Sl. 3: Štetje trakov in dolžina (cm) na 14 postajah z značilnim različnim naklonom za ln dolžine lupine in ln suhe teže Compared to more sophisticated techniques, e.g. fluorescence (Wanamaker et al., 2009), acetate peel and isotopic analysis, the use of LED pointer for massive clear bands counts seems to be reliable, and compared with the thin sections obtained for this study, correct. This methodology has been verified in the past by Keller (1996-1997), Keller et al. (2002), Rebec (1997-1998) and Braida (2001-2002), which offered the possibility to obtain valuable information for the present work. It was confirmed that the restocking done by fishermen was successful (at least from the repeated analysis of the clams, Del Piero et al., 2010). Unfortunately, parts of the shallower areas designed for repopulation were affected by mortality in late summer 2013 and early summer 2014 (unpubl. data). The causes are still unknown but at least in 2013 the molluscs didn't seem to suffer pathologies (G. Arcangeli, pers. comm.). The differences in the length-at-age related to the depth were confirmed. Nevertheless, the ecological questions emerging from this study are at present far to be resolved. It seems urgent to modify the present fisheries regulation taking into account the demographic structure of C. chione population, a long-living species, with complex demography and still uncovered recruitment dynamics. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The research was done as part of the agreement with the CO.GE.MO. of Monfalcone. POPULACIJSKI STATUS ŠKOLJKE CALLISTA CHIONE (LINNAEUS, 1758) V TRŽAŠKEM ZALIVU Cristina COGLIEVINA, Manuel DE MUNARI, Domenico CIORCIARO & Donatella DEL PIERO Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, Italy E-mail: delpiero@units.it POVZETEK Julija 2010 smo v raziskavi analizirali školjke vrste Callista chione (Linnaeus, 1758) na 23 lokalitetah. Dobljeni rezultati kažejo, da je za nekatere skupine značilna obratno sorazmerna korelacija med dolžino na določeni stopnji starosti (ocenjena na podlagi števila tankih, počasi rastočih prozornih trakov, ugotovljenih z uporabo LED kazalcev) in globino vzorčenja. Rezultati potrjujejo ugotovitve raziskav iz let 1992 in 1993, okoljske značilnosti na različnih globinah pa so še vedno pretežno neznane. Na žalost je v letih 2013 in 2014 nasade školjk prizadel množični pogin, ki bi lahko drastično vplival na ribištvo, povezano z ulovom školjk. S tega vidika bi bilo ugotavljanje hitrosti rasti za ribiško dejavnost in upravljavce zelo koristno. Ključne besede: Callista chione, Tržaški zaliv, dolžina ob določeni starosti, struktura populacije REFERENCES Baeta, M., M. Ramón & E. Galymani (2014): Decline of a Callista chione (Bivalvia: Veneridae) bed in the Maresme coast (northwestern Mediterranean Sea). Ocean Coast. Manage., 93, 15-25. Braida, M. (2001-2002): Valutazione dell'accresci-mento nella conchiglia del mollusco bivalve Callista chione: aspetti biologici, mineralogici e geochimici. Tesi di Laurea in Biologia della pesca. Universita di Trieste, 58 pp. Charles, F., J. M. Amouroux & A. Grémare (1999): Comparative study of the utilization of bacteria and mi-croalgae by the suspension-feeding bivalve: Callista chione. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K., 79, 577-584. Del Piero, D. (1994): The clam fishery in the Gulf of Trieste. In: Wells, P. G. & P. J. Ricketts (eds.): Coastal Zone Canada "94. 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Universita di Trieste, 34 pp. Taylor, J. D., W. J. Kennedy & A. Hall (1973): The shell structure and mineralogy of the Bivalvia. II. Luci-nacea-Clavagellacea, Conclusions. Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Zool., 22, 253-294. Tirado, C., F. A. Rodriguez, M. A. Buzón, J. L. López, C. Salas & I. Márquez (2002): La Reproducción de Bivalvos y Gasterópodos de Interés Pesquero en Andalucía. Consejería de Agricultura y Pesca, Junta de Andalucía, Huelva, 129 pp. Valli, G., E. Bidoli & C. Marussi (1983-1984): Osser-vazioni preliminari sulla riproduzione e sulla biometria di Callista chione (L) (Mollusca, Bivalvia) del Golfo di Trieste. Nova Thalassia, 6, 97-103. Valli, G., N. Marsich & M. Marsich (1994): Riproduzione, biometria e contenuto di metalli in Callista chione (L.) (Mollusca, Bivalvia) del Golfo di Trieste nel corso di un ciclo annuale. Boll. Soc. Adriatica Sci., 75, 441-446. Wanamaker, A. D. Jr., A. Baker, P. G. Butler, C. A. Richardson, J. D. Scourse, I. Ridgway & D. J. Reynolds (2009): A novel method for imaging internal growth patterns in marine molluscs: A fluorescence case study on the aragonitic shell of the marine bivalve Arctica islandica (Linnaeus). Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods, 7, 673-681. Original scientific article UDK 574.58:592(282)(450.36) Received: 2014-09-13 A COMPARISON BETWEEN BIOMONITORING METHODS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF MACROBENTHIC INVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES IN DIFFERENT RIVER TYPES OF FRIULI VENEZIA GIULIA Marco BERTOLI, Marzia AZZONI & E/isabetta PIZZUL Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, Italy E-mail: pizzul@units.it ABSTRACT According to the Framework Water Directive, 2000/60/EC, macrobenthic invertebrates are very important as bioindicators for the definition of the Eco/ogica/ Status of /otic systems. In Ita/y, different collection methods are requested for the app/ication of biotic indices in wadeab/e and non-wadeab/e rivers: a proportiona//y distributed mu/ti-habitat samp/ing (MH) and the use of artificia/ substrates (AS), respective/y. This work was performed to compare the resu/ts obtained with both methods in three different /otic environments: an a/pine stream, a high p/ain river and a spring fed channe/. Data obtained from the app/ication of the two different techniques have /ed to a good over/ap-ping of resu/ts for a// ana/ysed watercourses, even though some macrobenthic invertebrate taxa showed se/ectivity in the artificia/ substrate co/onization. No significant differences were found even among the metrics of the STARJCMi index, provided by the D.M. 260/2010 for the assessment of the watercourses eco/ogica/ status in Ita/y. Key words: macrobenthic invertebrates, freshwater ecosystems, North-east Italy, multi-habitat sampling, artificial substrates DIFFERENTI STRATEGIE DI MONITORAGGIO PER LO STUDIO DELLE COMUNITÀ MACROZOOBENTONICHE IN DIVERSE TIPOLOGIE FLUVIALI DEL FRIULI VENEZIA GIULIA SINTESI I macroinvertebrati bentonici sono bioindicatori di fondamentale importanza nella definizione dello stato ecologico delle acque lotiche, ai sensi della Direttiva 2000/60/CE. In territorio italiano gli indici biotici, previsti dal D.M. 260/2010, riportano metodiche di monitoraggio diverse per i fiumi guadabili e per quelli non guadabili, prevedendo nel primo caso un campionamento multi-habitat proporzionale (MH) e nel secondo caso l'impiego di substrati arti-ficiali (SA). Per questo studio, è stato ritenuto interessante effettuare un confronto tra tali metodiche di raccolta del macrozoobenthos, utilizzando entrambe in tre diverse tipologie fluviali: un corso d'acqua montano, uno di pianura ed uno di risorgiva. I dati ottenuti dopo l'applicazione delle due tecniche di campionamento hanno portato a risultati concordanti in tutte le tipologie fluviali analizzate, benché sia stata osservata una certa selettività da parte di alcuni taxa nella colonizzazione dei substrati artificiali. Inoltre, non sono state rilevate differenze significative tra i valori delle metriche che compongono l'indice STAR_ICMi, previsto dal D.M. 260/2010, portando a concludere che le due metodiche conducono a risultati ampiamente confrontabili tra loro. Parole chiave: macroinvertebrati bentonici, ecosistemi d'acqua dolce, Nord Est Italia, campionamento multi-habitat proporzionale, campionamento con substrati artificiali INTRODUCTION The wadeable rivers can be crossed easily and all riverbed parts and micro-habitats are easily reachable in all seasons, except during periods of high-water and flooding. In these cases, the sampling protocol used for macrobenthic invertebrates collection is based on a multi-habitat procedure, originally proposed in the United States for the "Rapid Bio-assessment Protocol" (Barbour et al., 1999) and successively adopted to develop methods which can fit the requirements of the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC (Directive 2000/60/EC). The basic principles of this method were tested during the European AQEM project (Integrated Assessment System for the Ecological Quality of Streams and Rivers throughout Europe using Benthic Macro-invertebrates) (Buffagni et al., 2001; Hering et al., 2004) and the multi-habitat technique was then applied during the STAR project (STAndardisation of River Classifications). The principal rule foresees the collection of samples in proportion to the number of different micro-habitats observed in a river (both biotic and abiotic substrates) whose presence must be previously determined. Three different monitoring types (surveillance, operational and investigative) are indicated by the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC, depending of the desired information level and requiring both a different number of sub-samples and a different taxonomi-cal identification level for the collected taxa (Buffagni & Erba, 2007). In the wadeable watercourses, the Surber net is the appropriate sampler for the multi-habitat procedure. However, there are some river types where a representative sample cannot be collected due to different reasons such as high water depth, elevated current speed, dispersal of microhabitats over wide areas, different riverbank types (Buffagni et al., 2007). In Italy, the D.M. 260/2010 recommends the protocol of Buffagni et al. (2007) to collect macrobenthic invertebrates in non-wadeable watercourses, using Hester-Dendy modified hardboard artificial substrates (AS) (Cairns & Dickson, 1971; Battegazzore, 1994; Buffagni et al., 2000). This method can be applied to different watercourse types, as well as big rivers, spring fed watercourses, channels and brooks with sharply sloped banks and/or high water depth. This study investigates the macrobenthic invertebrate communities of three different lotic environments using both multi-habitat and artificial substrates sampling techniques. Our aim was to verify if the monitoring performed with artificial substrates could give results comparable with those obtained from a multi-habitat approach, even though the AS are applied in a single micro-habitat. MATERIAL AND METHODS Study area Three different watercourse types were monitored: a mountain stream, a high plain river and a spring fed channel (Fig. 1). The sampling sites were chosen con- Fig. 1: Study areas and basins including the monitored sites placed in three different watercourses types (UTM coordinates): site 1: N 33T 5149448.84 - E 391576.81; site 2: N 33T 5092992.04 - E 380051.86; site 3: N 33T 5078066.48 - E 370729.18) (www.regionefvg.it, modified). Sl. 1: Območje raziskovanja, vključno z lokalitetami v treh različnih vodnih telesih (UTM koordinate): lokaliteta 1: N 33T 5149448,84 - E391576,81; lokaliteta 2: N 33T 5092992,04 - E380051,86; lokaliteta 3: N 33T 5078066,48 - E 370729,18) (www.regionefvg.it, prirejeno) sidering the possibility to apply both methods (multi-habitat sampling and artificial substrates) in relation to riverbed characteristics, especially water depth and flow velocities. In the mountain area, we have choose the Slizza stream whose basin is located in the most northeastern part of Friuli Venezia Giulia and it is included in the Danube basin. The Slizza stream originates from the confluence of two creeks (Rio del Lago Inferiore from the Lake Predil and the Rio Freddo) and flows in a Northeast direction, first crossing the Italian town of Tar-visio then entering Austrian territory, until it flows into the Gail River. This stream exhibits a torrential regime, high current velocity, and great flow rate variation, with strong flood events followed by marked low water levels. At the site, during sampling operations, the mean width of stream bed was 9.0 m and the bottom substrate was mainly constituted by rocks and boulders, even though gravel and pebbles were observed. In the plains area, the second study site was placed on the Judrio River, included in the Isonzo Basin. It originates from the springs of the Colvarat Mount and flows with a torrential regime near the boundaries between Italy and Slovenia. The Judrio River then runs along the hills near the eastern portion of Friuli Venezia Giulia and finally along the lowland with wide meanders, until it flows into the Torre Stream (Autorita di Bacino, 2010). The mean width of the stream bed was 12.0 m and the bottom substrate mainly consisted of gravel and pebbles. Coarse particulate organic matter was also observed. The last sampling site was placed in the Taglio Channel, a spring fed watercourse included in the Ausa Basin. The mean width was 10.0 m and the bottom substrate was mainly covered by vegetation (submerged macrophytes) or consisted of fine gravel. Sampling design At each site, two sampling campaigns were conducted, using both multihabitat protocol (MH) and artificial substrates (AS). Collection activities were performed seasonally during the late spring (from June to the beginning of July) and the autumn (from November to December) of the year 2012. The MH samplings were carried out following an operational protocol using appropriate Surber nets for the specific monitored Hydro-ecoregions (HER) (Buff-agni & Erba, 2007), covering 1 m2 sampling area for the Slizza site, placed in the HER 02 (Calcareous southern Alps and Dolomites) and 0.5 m2 for the Judrio and Taglio sites, placed in the HER 06 (Po Plain). A 50 m length stream longitudinal section, representative of each monitored watercourse, was generally considered for each sampling site. Sorting operations and taxonomical identification were performed mainly on field, but some individuals belonging to the orders Diptera and Plecop-tera and to the class Oligochaeta were later identified in the laboratory due to the small size of the organisms. Taxonomical identification was conducted to the lowest possible level, and at least to the family level, for the application of the STAR_ICMi index (Buffagni et al., 2008). The sampling operations with AS were conducted using Hester-Dendy substrates (Buffagni et al., 2007). According to the sampling protocols indicated for non-wadeable streams, the AS were built with ten hardboard plates separated by rubber rings and groups of five AS were chosen as sample unit, with a total area of 0.5 m2. Two sampling units were placed in the monitored watercourses along non-wadeable sections, and suspended at 0.5-1.5 m water depth by ropes secured to trees or to artificial structures and secured to the bottom using bricks. The AS were collected after 30 days of submersions: the plates were cleaned from organisms and other material and the resulting samples were sieved with a 500 |jm sieve. Sorting and taxonomical identification were conducted as for the MH samples, which were collected during the same day. In addition, values of chemical and physical water parameters (temperature, °C; pH; conductivity, jS cm-1; dissolved oxygen concentration, mg l-1) were monthly registered with field meters (Hanna Instruments, Pado-va, Italia) and the water depth (cm) was also monitored using a graduated rod. During the sampling operations, substrate composition and vegetation bottom cover were registered, as requested for the application of the MH protocol (Buffagni & Erba, 2007). Data analysis All ecological data were initially processed using Microsoft Excel 2007. A graph describing the macroben-thic invertebrate community structure was produced with the same software. The Sorensen index (Sorensen, 1948) was used for comparing the two sampling methods. Calculations were made considering the family taxonomical level, as usually considered for the application of the STAR_ICMi index (Buffagni et al., 2008). In addition, the non-parametric Multi-Dimensional Scaling (N-MDS) and the one-way PERMANOVA (999 permutations) (Anderson, 2001), both based on the Bray-Curtis similarity matrix, were performed to assess differences between the two methods, using density data (ind m-2) of all families collected with MH and AS techniques. The STAR_ICMi metrics were used as community descriptors because they provide information based on taxa tolerance (ASPT), organisms abundance (Log10(Sel_EPTD+1) and 1-GOLD) and biodiversity (Total Families Number, EPT Families Number and Shannon-Wiener index). Differences among metrics values calculated both from the MH and AS datasets were investigated with the non-parametric Wilcoxon paired-sample test. All data were previously log(x+1) transformed, and normality of datasets was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test with software STATISTICA 7.1. The same software was used for the Wilcoxon paired-sample test, while N-MDS and Tab. 1: Seasonal mean values and standard deviations (± S.D.) of chemical and physical water parameters measured during the monitoring period. Tab. 1: Povprečne vrednosti po sezonah in standardna deviacija (± S.D.) kemijskih in fizikalnih parametrov, izmerjenih v obdobju monitoringa Depth (cm) Dissolved oxygen (mg l-1) Temperature (°C) PH Conductivity (^S cm-1) Slizza S. Spring 42.48 ± 1.55 9.69 ± 0.22 9.53 ± 0.59 8.52 ± 0.37 339.67 ± 64.59 Autumn 54.71 ± 10.77 9.92 ± 0.29 7.48 ± 2.14 8.57 ± 0.22 256.75 ± 96.15 Judrio R. Spring 55.57 ± 6.98 7.61 ± 0.22 21.97 ± 0.75 8.19 ± 0.27 462.00 ± 51.97 Autumn 69.82 ± 20.64 9.31 ± 1.02 11.85 ± 5.19 8.33 ± 0.16 542.25 ±130.93 Taglio C. Spring 101.04 ± 4.97 6.60 ± 0.60 16.20 ± 2.10 7.80 ± 0.13 652.00 ± 61.73 Autumn 103.67 ± 2.06 8.91 ± 1.19 14.75 ± 1.71 8.08 ± 0.31 597.00 ± 50.00 one-way PERMANOVA were performed using the PAST 3 application (Hammer et al., 2001). RESULTS Seasonal mean values of main chemical and physical parameters for all sampling sites are given in Table 1. The full list of the collected taxa is given in Table 2. Macrobenthic invertebrates community structure observed both with MH and AS sampling techniques during the two monitoring seasons are shown in Figure 2. With each sampling technique in the Slizza spring 19 taxa were collected. Nearly all (96 %) collected organisms were assigned to the class Hexapoda, but the order Ephemeroptera was the more abundant taxon in the MH MH SA MH SA MH SA MH SA MH SA MH SA SLIZZA JUDRIO TAGLIO SLIZZA JUDRIO TAGLIO Sprint; \ .l .rnn BTurfccllaria a Gastropoda -> [i vilvia ■ OI ¡¿ochaba ■ Hirudin« ■ Olli.*':! ■» Vi I >1 ri.i ' l;\:tp: 0.05). Finally, also the STAR_ICMi metrics values calculated from the MH and AS biotic datasets did not show significant differences between the two sampling approaches (Wil- Tab. 2: Taxa observed in the Multi-habitat samples (MH) and in the Artificial Substrates (AS). The list follows an evolutionary criterion, as reported by the Checklist of the Italian Fauna (www.faunaitalia.com). Tab. 2: Taxa observed in the Multi-habitat samples (MH) and in the Artificial Substrates (AS). The list follows an evolutionary criterion, as reported by the Checklist of the Italian Fauna (www.faunaitalia.com). Spring Autumn Class Order Familiy Subfamily / Genus Slizza S. Judrio R. Taglio C. Slizza S. Judrio R. Taglio C. MH SA MH SA MH SA MH SA MH SA MH SA Dugesiidae Dugesia + + + + + + Turbellaria Seriata Planariidae Planaria + + + + + + Polycelis + + + + Dendrocoelidae Dendrocoelum + Adenophorea Mmermithida Mermithidae + + + + + Neotaenioglossa Bithyniidae Bithynia + + + + Hydrobiidae + + + + Gastropoda Ectobranchia Valvatidae Valvata + + + + + + Physidae Physa + + + + Pulmonata Planorbidae Planorbis + + Gyraulus + + + + + Pisidium + + + + Bivalvia Veneroidea Sphaeriidae Sphaerium + + + Musculium + + Lumbriculida Lumbriculidae + + + + + + + Haplotaxida Haplotaxidae + + Tubificidae + + + + + + Oligochaeta Tubificida Naididae + + Propappidae + Enchytraeidae + + Opisthopora Lumbricidae + + + + Rhynchobdellida Glossiphoniidae Glossiphonia + + + + + Hirudinea Helobdella + + + + Arhynchobdellida Erpobdellidae Erpobdella + + + + Arachnida Actinedida + + + + + + + + Ostracoda + + + + + + Isopoda Asellidae + + + + + + Malacostraca Amphipoda Gammaridae + + + + Niphargidae + + + + Baetidae Baetis + + + + + + + + + + Caenidae Caenis + + + + + Ecdyonurus + + + Ephemeroptera Heptageniidae Electrogena + + Rhithrogena + + + Choroterpes + + + + Leptophlebiidae Habrophlebia + Paraleptophlebia + Calopterygidae Calopteryx + Odonata Platycnemididae + Gomphidae + + Perlodidae Perlodes + + Isoperla + + + Plecoptera Nemouridae Nemoura + + + + Protonemura + + + Leuctridae Leuctra + + + + + + Haliplidae + + + + + Hexapoda Dytiscidae + + Coleoptera Hydrophilidae + Hydraenidae + + Elmidae + + + + + + + + Megaloptera Sialidae + Limoniidae + + + Simuliidae + + + + + + + + Ceratopogonidae + + + + + + Diptera Chironominae + + + + + + + + Chironomidae Prodiamesinae + + + + + + + + + + Tanypodinae + + + + + + + + + Empididae + + + + + + + + Rhyacophilidae + + + + + Hydroptilidae + + + + + + Hydropsychidae + + + + + + Trichoptera Polycentropodidae + + + + + + + + Limnephilidae + + + + Leptoceridae + + Sericostomatidae + + + + + Fig. 3: N-MDS applied to the biotic datasets obtained from the two sampling techniques (MH and AS). Sl. 3: N-MDS (nemetrično večvrstično lestvičenje) biot-skih nizov podatkov, dobljenih iz obeh tehnik vzorčenja (MH in AS) coxon paired-sample test: at least p > 0.05 for all comparisons) (Tab. 3). DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS In the present study, the values obtained using the Sorensen index and those resulting from the comparison of the STARJCMi metrics values have shown that the macrobenthic invertebrate communities monitored with the multi-habitat sampling method (MH) and with Artificial Substrate samplers (AS) were not significantly different regardless of the lotic system here investigated. This is in contrast with the results of other investigations, where the Artificial Substrates did not allow a collection of representative samples of the whole macrobenthic community (Rosenberg & Resh, 1993; Braioni, 2001; Buffagni et al., 2007). This has been attributed to a single microhabitat being investigated and to the selectivity of the artificial substrate for some macrobenthic taxa that could lead to an underestimation of the global community richness. Different occurrences due to the sampling methodology observed in the present investigation for some taxa at the same site, agree with previous studies (Genoni & Strada, 2000) also showing that the artificial substrate technique allows abundant colonization by Diptera Chironomidae and Trichoptera Hydropsychidae, which are very competitive and very able to colonize new substrates (Hall, 1982; Hemphill & Cooper, 1983; Braioni, 2001). Contrary to habits shown by more tolerant taxa, Valenty & Fisher (2012) reported that Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (which can influence one of the STARJCMi metrics) show negative preferences for newly built substrates, probably due to roughness of plates, residual oils or leaching toxins, but we have not observed similar tendencies in our samples. Occurrences of Oligochaeta and Bivalvia families were generally lower than in the multihabitat samples. As suggested by Buffagni et al. (2007) this is probably due to the poor swimming ability of such organisms which are disadvantaged in the colonization of substrates placed in the water column. On the other hand, in the Judrio River the occurrence of Gastropoda in the AS samples was higher than in the MH ones due to the scarce presence of mac-rophytes on the substrates. In fact, the vegetation cover Tab. 3: Values of the STARJCMi metrics and results of the non-parametric Wilcoxon paired-sample test. Tab. 3: Vrednosti metrik indeksa STARJCMi in rezultati ne-parametričnega Wilcoxonovega testa parnih vzorcev Metrics Spring Autumn Wilcoxon paired-sample test Slizza Judrio Taglio Slizza Judrio Taglio MH AS MH AS MH AS MH AS MH AS MH AS W p-level ASPT 7 7 5.16 5.39 3.54 3.64 7.86 - 5.26 5.06 4 4.7 8 0.273 Log10 (Sel_EPTD+1) 2.24 1.65 1.45 1.06 2.02 2.46 2.05 - 1.23 1.18 2.05 1.51 12 0.224 1-GOLD 0.85 0.58 0.55 0.71 0.21 0.31 0.92 - 0.78 0.65 0.43 0.73 9 0.685 Total families 15 14 23 20 34 28 8 - 16 20 29 32 6 0.787 ETP families 9 8 8 7 4 4 7 - 7 7 4 7 3 1.000 Shannon-Wiener index 2.05 2.07 2.31 1.82 1.88 1.3 1.46 - 1.29 1.61 1.87 1.71 11 0.345 in this site was lower than the threshold value of 10% required for the operational sampling protocol applied in this study. The results of the N-MDS application showed good comparability between biotic datasets obtained from the two sampling techniques. This suggests that both sampling methods could lead to similar and reliable descriptions of the macrobenthic invertebrate communities. In the Slizza stream, high occurrences were registered for Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichop-tera which are related to high water oxygen concentrations, low water temperature and coarse substrates (mainly macro-and megalithal). In the Judrio sampling sites, the most abundant taxa were Ephemeroptera, Od-onata, Coleoptera and some Gastropods genera (Physa, Planorbis and Gyraulus) which appeared more related to a fine substrate (micro- and mesolithal), slightly higher trophic levels and presence of coarse particulate organic matter. Finally, in the Taglio channel the most abundant taxa were Oligochaeta, Diptera, Turbellaria, Hirudinea Bivalvia and Gastropoda. The community structure in this site appeared related to the less coarse bottom composition, high presence of submerged vegetation (which covers a great section of the river bed) and slightly lower water oxygen levels which seemed consistent with the impact of human presence in the area (i.e. a fish farm and agricultural activities). In conclusion, our results have shown that the Hes-ter-Dendy artificial substrates could lead to results which can be comparable to those obtained with multi-habitat sampling in different lotic environments. As reported by Calpcott et al. (2012) this instrument allows quantitative sampling of macrobenthic invertebrates in the non-wadeable watercourses to be performed and could be applied to many different habitats even though the risk of loss and/or damages and the potential selectivity of some taxa could be a limit of the technique. PRIMERJAVA METOD BIOMONITORINGA ZA ANALIZO MAKROBENTOŠKIH SKUPNOSTI NEVRETENČARJEV V RAZLIČNIH REČNIH TIPIH FURLANIJE - JULIJSKE KRAJINE Marco BERTOLI, Marzia AZZONI & Elisabetta PIZZUL Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, Italy E-mail: pizzul@units.it POVZETEK Evropska vodna direktiva (2000/60/ES) opredeljuje makrobentoške nevretenčarje kot zelo pomembne pokazatelje ekološkega stanja lotičnih sistemov. V Italiji uporabljajo različne metode vzorčevanja, ki jih potrebujejo za aplikacijo biotskih indeksov v prehodnih in neprehodnih rekah, kot sta proporcionalno razširjeno vzorčevanje multi-habi-tatov (MH) in uporaba umetnih substratov (AS). Namen tega prispevka je primerjava rezultatov, dobljenih z obema metodama v treh različnih lotičnih okoljih (planinski potok, reka na planoti in izvirski kanal). Podatki obeh metod so pokazali dobro prekrivanje vseh raziskanih lotičnih sistemov, čeprav je bila pri nekaterih taksonomskih skupinah opažena selektivnost v naseljevanju umetnih substratov. Tudi med metrikami uporabljenega indeksa STAR_ICMi, ki ga je priporočila odredba ministrstva (D.M. 260/2010) za ovrednotenje ekološkega stanja vodnih teles v Italiji, ni bilo značilnih razlik. Ključne besede: makrobentoški nevretenčarji, sladkovodni ekosistemi, severovzhodna Italija, multihabitatno vzorčevanje, umetni substrati REFERENCES Anderson, M. J. (2001): A new method for a non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance. Austral Ecol., 26, 32-46. Autorita di Bacino dell'Adige, Autorita di Bacino dell'Alto Adriatico (2010): Piano di gestione dei Bacini Idrografici delle Alpi orientali. Adottato con delibera dei Comitati Istituzionali dell'Autorita di Bacino dell'Adige e dell'Alto Adriatico in seduta comune in data 24 feb-braio 2010. Bacino del Fiume Isonzo, 13, 203 pp. Barbour, M. T., J. 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(1948): A method for establishing groups of equal amplitude in plant sociology based on similarity of species content and its application to analyses of the vegetation on Danish commons. K. danske vidensk. Selsk. Skr. Biol. Skr., 5, 1-34. Valenty, J. & S. J. Fisher (2012): Effect of previous use and processing technique on performance of multiplate Hester-Dendy samplers. Freshw. Sci., 31, 78-82. DELA NAŠIH ZAVODOV IN DRUŠTEV ATTIVITÀ DEI NOSTRI ISTITUTI E DELLE NOSTRE SOCIETÀ ACTIVITIES BY OUR INSTITUTIONS AND ASSOCIATIONS DELA NAŠIH ZAVODOV IN DRUŠTEV, 149-151 BREHM'S LIFE OF ANIMALS FROM 1872 IN POREČ, CROATIA Brehm's Life of Animals is one of the most well-known books on zoology ever written. It was composed by Alfred Edmund Brehm in the 19th century. Brehm was born in 1829 in Unterrenthendorf and died in 1884 in Renthendorf (Germany). Because of his book, originally named Brehms Tierleben (Life of Animals), his name became a household word for popular zoological literature. Due to his professional recognition in zoological circles, in 1860 he was commissioned to write a 10-volume zoological encyclopedia. The first six volumes of the encyclopedia appeared from 1864 to 1869, published by the Bibliographisches Institut under Herrmann Julius Meyer and illustrated under the direction of Robert Kretschmer. The second edition, which consisted of ten volumes, was published from 1876 to 1879. Charles Darwin reviewed some volumes of the encyclopedia. The second edition was reprinted from 1882 to 1884, and a third edition, published from 1890 to 1893, followed. The work has been translated into various languages. Immediately after the first edition was issued, the original publication was translated into Russian, French, Italian and Danish. The Institute of Agriculture and Tourism library in Poreč holds a well preserved and complete sample of all six volumes of the original first edition in the Italian language published from 1869-1873. It is entitled La vita degli animali (life of Animals), illustrated by Kretschmer and translated by Gaetano Branca and Stefano Travella. It is very likely the only copy of this edition in Croatia. The Institute is a successor to the research entity named Provincial Agriculture Institute founded in 1875 during the Austro-Hungarian period. The School, specialising in viticulture, enology and pomology, was founded 8 years later and its professors established a good library with the best natural sciences books available at that time. Many of these books are still in the Institute and First page of the original first edition of the Brehm's book "La vita degli animali" (Life of Animals) represent a great historical heritage. Brehm's Life of Animals is one of them. Worldwide, many editions in several languages were published in the 19th and 20th centuries, some in the form of abridged, one-volume works. According to OPAC SBN (Catalogo del servizio bibliotecario nazionale) there are about 200 copies of this original Italian first edition published by Unione Tipografico Editrice in Torino in different Italian libraries but not many of those are complete or as well preserved as the one in Poreč. In 1891 the second Italian edition was published by the same publishing house, followed by several copies in the period up to 1963 when the publisher Armando Curcio Editore in Rome published a new book entitled Vita degli animali. Several other editions were also published, i.e. from Editrice Italiana di cultura (Rome), Istituto Editoriale Moderno (Milano), European Book (Milano), Padova: C.D.E. followed, with the last from Rizzoli (Milano) in 1983. In Croatia, so far seven editions have been published. The first Croatian edition, named originally Kako žive životinje (How Animals Live), was published in 1937 by Minerva publishing house in Zagreb and the second, with the same title, in 1966 by Otokar Keršovani in Rije-ka. In the same year, Brehmove najljepše priče (Brehm's Best Stories) was published in Zagreb followed two years later by the book entitled Egzotične ptice (Exotic Birds). The fifth edition Život životinja (Life of Animals) was issued in 1982 by the publishing house Prosvjeta and the second edition of the same book, in 1983 by Prosvjeta and Sveučilišna naklada Liber. The last edition was issued by the publishing house Orakul in Zagreb in 2002 under the same title, i.e. Life of Animals. The first edition in Slovenian entitled Življenje živali (Life of Animals) was published in 1938 by Umetniška propaganda (three volumes in 1938 and one volume in 1940). In 1978 another edition under the name Velika knjiga o živali (The Great Book of Animals^ was published by the Cankarjeva založba publishing house in Ljubljana. Two more editions of this book were published by the same publishing house in 1982 and 1986. This book, published during Brehm's lifetime, and almost simultaneously with the German original, represents a valuable sample of this famous work and it is hoped that, in the near future, it will be properly preserved and restored, as well as made accessible to the public. *Editorial information about Brehm's Life of Animals in Italy, Croatia and Slovenia was collected with the help of: Fogar Livio, 2014, Biblioteca del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Via Tominz, Trieste, Italy, Lopin Mirjam, 2014, Središnja informacijska služba, Nacionalna i sveučilišna knjižnica u Zagrebu, and Škerget Daniela 2014, Slovenska bibliografija, Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica, Turjaška 1, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Barbara Sladonja DELA NAŠIH ZAVODOV IN DRUŠTEV, 149-151 STROKOVNA SREČANJA O OHRANJANJU KLJUČNIH SREDOZEMSKIH MORSKIH HABITATNIH TIPOV -SYMPOSIA ON THE CONSERVATION OF MEDITERRANEAN MARINE KEY HABITATS Portorož, 27.-31. oktober 2014 V zadnjem tednu oktobra se je na treh simpozijih o ohranjanju ključnih sredozemskih morskih habita-tnih tipov - podvodnih travnikov ter rastlinskih združb trdnega dna, koraligena in temnih življenjskih okolij -v Grand Hotelu Bernardin v Portorožu zbralo skorajda 150 strokovnjakov s področja morske biologije z vseh koncev Sredozemlja. Simpoziji so potekali v okviru izvajanja akcijskih načrtov, ki so jih sprejele pogodbenice Barcelonske konvencije, katere podpisnica je tudi Slovenija. Barcelonska konvencija, natančneje Konvencija za varstvo morskega okolja in obalnega območja Sredozemlja, vključuje ob ukrepih za preprečevanje onesnaževanja morja tudi ukrepe za ohranjanje najbolj občutljivih in najvrednejših življenjskih okolij. Tistih življenjskih okolij, ki so na eni strani temelj izjemnega bogastva živega sveta pod morsko gladino, na drugi strani pa tudi bistveni pogoj za dolgoročni, trajnostni razvoj prebivalstva na njegovih obalah. To so akcijski načrt za ohranjanje morske vegetacije v Sredozemskem morju (Action Plan for the Conservation of Marine Vegetation in the Mediterranean Sea), ki je bil sprejet leta 1999, Akcijski načrt za varstvo koraligena in drugih apnenčastih bioformacij v Sredozemskem morju (Action Plan for the protection of the coralligenous and others calcareous bio concretions), sprejet leta 2008, ter Akcijski načrt za ohranjanje habitatov in vrst, vezanih na temna in zatemnjena življenjska okolja (Action Plan for the conservation of Habitats and Species associated with seamounts, underwater caves and canyons, aphotic engineering benthic invertebrates and chemo-syntethic phenomena in the Mediterranean Sea - Dark Habitats Action Plan), sprejet leta 2013. Simpozij sta organizirala Regionalni center za zavarovana območja, ki deluje v okviru Sredozemskega akcijskega načrta in Okoljskega programa Združenih narodov, ter Zavod RS za varstvo narave. Stanje ključnih habitatnih tipov v slovenskem morju je v otvoritvenem delu prvega dneva simpozija predstavil dr. Lovrenc Lipej z Morske biološke postaje Piran Nacionalnega inštituta za biologijo, pomen simpozijev z vidika izvajanja akcijskih načrtov na regionalnem in nacionalnem nivoju ter z vidika uresničevanja slovenske naravovarstvene zakonodaje pa sodelavca Zavoda RS za varstvo narave, mag. Martina Kačičnik Jančar, vodja enote za biotsko raznovrstnost, ter mag. Robert Turk, vodja piranske območne enote in nacionalni koordinator Protokola o zavarovanih območjih in biotski raznovrstnosti (SPA BD Protokol) Barcelonske konvencije. Vsi trije simpoziji so bili v prvi vrsti namenjeni izboru in predstavam najnovejših znanj o ključnih sredozemskih morskih habitatnih tipih in njihovem pomenu z vidika ohranjanja pestrosti morskega ekosistema ter izmenjavi informacij in izkušenj med raziskovalci. Kljub pretežno znanstveno-raziskovalnemu okviru prispevkov je bil pomemben del razprav namenjen tudi ukrepom in usmeritvam za ohranjanje ugodnega ohranitvenega stanja vrst in habitatnih tipov. V skladu z navedenim so bila ob koncu vsakega posameznega simpozija sprejeta priporočila za nadaljnje aktivnosti, tako na nivoju Sredozemlja in ob koordinaciji centra za zavarovana območja (RAC/SPA) kakor tudi na nacionalnem nivoju. Z vidika slovenskega morja so bila vsekakor najbolj zanimiva in aktualna priporočila, oblikovana ob zaključku simpozija o morski vegetaciji. Udeleženci so si bili edini, da je bilo že veliko narejenega tako z vidika raziskovanja kakor tudi spremljanja stanja vegetacijskih združb, vendar je bila velika večina dela opravljenega v SZ delu Sredozemlja. Zato so pozvali RAC/SPA k nadaljnji podpori tovrstnih aktivnosti s poudarkom na južnem in JV delu Sredozemlja. Izpostavljeno je bilo tudi slabše poznavanje algalnih združb in pa splošno nazadovanje rjavih alg ter celo uvrstitev večine vrst iz rodu Cystoseira na seznam ogroženih vrst SPA BD Protokola. V skladu z navedenim je bila predvsem poudarjena potreba po boljšem poznavanju bioloških danosti algalnih združb in posebej po poznavanju vzrokov za njihovo nazadovanje, kar je ključnega pomena za opredelitev ukrepov za izboljšanje stanja. Izpostavljena je bila tudi nujnost večje sinergije in učinkovitejše izmenjave informacij o stanju vegetacijskih združb na nivoju celotnega Sredozemlja, ne le med samimi raziskovalci, pač pa tudi med raziskovalci in »uporabniki«, tj. odločevalci na lokalnem in nacionalnem nivoju, upravljavci zavarovanih območij idr. Kot enega ključnih pogojev za vse navede- Utrinek s strokovnega srečanja v Portorožu DELA NAŠIH ZAVODOV IN DRUŠTEV, 149-151 ne in druge morebitne ukrepe in aktivnosti, namenjene poznavanju in ohranjanju vegetacijskih združb, so udeleženci izpostavili sistematično, dolgoročno spremljanje stanja, ki pa v večini sredozemskih držav (vključno s Slovenijo) pravzaprav nima zagotovljene »domovinske pravice«. Robert Turk PROF. DR. JADRAN FAGANELI - PREJEMNIK VELIKE NAGRADE MIROSLAVA ZEIA ZA ŽIVLJENJSKO DELO NA PODROČJU DEJAVNOSTI NACIONALNEGA INŠTITUTA ZA BIOLOGIJO Prof. dr. Jadran Faganeli je vrhunski raziskovalec bi-ogeokemičnih procesov v morju, zaposlen na Morski biološki postaji Nacionalnega inštituta za biologijo v Piranu. Njegov znanstveni opus je izjemen, saj obsega 122 izvirnih in preglednih znanstvenih prispevkov, od katerih je velika večina objavljenih v revijah s faktorjem vpliva. Prof. dr. Faganeli slovi kot mednarodno uveljavljeni raziskovalec, ki povezuje tako raziskovalce po svetu kot tudi raziskovalna področja z multidisciplinar-nimi biogeokemičnimi raziskavami, katerih spoznanja uporabljajo na različnih raziskovalnih področjih, kot npr. v morski ekologiji in limnologiji. Gre za raziskovalca z raznolikim znanstvenim interesom, kar je razvidno tudi iz sodelovanja z različnimi strokovnjaki, kot so biokemiki, fiziki, oceanografi, mikrobiologi, geologi in biologi iz različnih profilov. Njegov znanstveni interes presega okvire raziskovanja morja, saj je raziskoval biogeokemične procese tudi v lagunah in celo visokogorskih jezerih. V izredno bogati znanstveni karieri z raznolikimi predmeti raziskovanj je težko izbrati specifične doprinose prof. Faganelija k mozaiku vedenja o biogeokemiji slovenskega dela Jadrana in severnega Jadrana. V zadnjem desetletju bi lahko združili njegovo znanstveno raziskovanje na tri širše sklope, in sicer na biogeokemijske pretvorbe živega srebra v obalnem morju in lagunah, sestavo in funkcijo koloidne organske snovi v morju s poudarkom na sluzastih makroa-gregatih ter pretvorbe sedimentirane organske snovi v stratificiranih alpskih jezerih. Raziskoval je z eminen-tnimi domačimi in tujimi znanstveniki različnih strok, od katerih izstopa izjemno tvorno sodelovanje s prof. dr. Bojanom Ogorelcem in prof. dr. Mileno Horvat, od tujih kolegov pa s prof. dr. Markom Hinesom (ZDA) in prof. dr. Štefanom Covellijem (Italija). O kvaliteti znanstvenoraziskovalnega dela prof. dr. Faganelija priča tudi izjemna znanstvena odmevnost. V zadnjem desetletju je zbral 1168 čistih citatov. Prof. Faganeli sodi med izjemno kvalitetne raziskovalce, kar dokazuje visok H-index njegovih objav (= 19), ki ga dosegajo redki raziskovalci. Prof. dr. Jadran Faganeli je poleg vsega cenjen redni profesor na Fakulteti za pomorstvo in promet in tudi širše na ljubljanski univerzi, kjer predava predvsem vsebine, povezane z varstvom okolja in biogeokemičnimi procesi v morju. Bil je mentor številnim doktorandom, magistran-dom in diplomandom na različnih slovenskih in tujih univerzah, v vrstah katerih so danes mnogi priznani in uveljavljeni raziskovalci. Je soavtor univerzitetnega učbenika in avtor več učnih gradiv na Univerzi v Ljubljani. Leta 1989 je za svoje dosežke s sodelavkama prejel Kidričevo nagrado za raziskave s področja spremljanja stanja morja in iskanje vzrokov za procese v njem. Najinemu kolegu ob prejemu prestižne nagrade iskreno čestitava in mu želiva še veliko ustvarjalnega dela pri raziskovanju skrivnosti morja. Lovrenc Lipej in Vlado Malačič Direktorica NIB prof. dr. Tamara Lah Turnšek izroča Veliko nagrado Miroslava Zeia za življenjsko delo prof. dr. Jadranu Faganeliju (foto: arhiv NIB) NAVODILA AVTORJEM 1. Revija ANNALES (Anali za istrske in mediteranske študije Series historia naturalis) objavlja izvirne znanstvene in pregledne članke z naravoslovnimi vsebinami, ki obravnavajo posebnosti različnih podpodročij sredozemskega naravoslovja: morska biologija in ekologija, ihtio-logija, geologija s paleontologijo, krasoslovje, oljkarstvo, biodiverziteta Slovenije, varstvo narave, onesnaževanje in varstvo okolja, fizična geografija Istre in Mediterana idr. Vključujejo pa tudi krajše znanstvene prispevke o zaključenih raziskovanjih., ki se nanašajo na omenjeno področje. 2. Sprejemamo članke v angleškem, slovenskem in italijanskem jeziku. Avtorji morajo zagotoviti jezikovno neoporečnost besedil, uredništvo pa ima pravico članke dodatno jezikovno lektorirati. 3. Članki naj obsegajo do 48.000 znakov brez presledkov oz. 2 avtorski poli besedila. Članek je mogoče oddati na e-naslov annales@mbss.org (zaželjeno) ali na elektronskem nosilcu (CD) po pošti na naslov uredništva. Avtor ob oddaji članka zagotavlja, da članek še ni bil objavljen in se obvezuje, da ga ne bo objavil drugje. 4. Naslovna stran članka naj vsebuje naslov članka, ime in priimek avtorja (avtorjev), ime in naslov inštitucije, kjer je (so) avtor(ji) zaposlen(i) oz. domači naslov in naslovom elektronske pošte (samo prvi oz. korespondenčni avtor). 5. Članek mora vsebovati povzetek in izvleček. Izvleček je krajši (cca. 10 vrstic) od povzetka (cca. 30 vrstic). V izvlečku na kratko opišemo namen, metode dela in rezultate. Izvleček naj ne vsebuje komentarjev in priporočil. Povzetek vsebuje opis namena in metod dela ter povzame analizo oziroma interpretacijo rezultatov. V povzetku ne sme biti ničesar, česar glavno besedilo ne vsebuje. V povzetku se avtor ne sklicuje na slike, tabele in reference, ki so v članku. 6. Avtorji naj pod izvleček članka pripišejo ustrezne ključne besede (največ 6). Zaželjeni so tudi angleški (ali slovenski) prevodi izvlečka, povzetka, ključnih besed, podnapisov k slikovnemu in tabelarnemu gradivu. V nasprotnem primeru bo za prevode poskrbelo uredništvo. 7. Glavni del besedila naj vključuje sledeča poglavja: Uvod, Material in metode, Rezultati, Razprava ali Rezultati in razprava, Zaključki (ali Sklepi), Zahvala (če avtor želi), Literatura. Dele besedila je možno oblikovati v podpoglavja (npr. Pregled dosedanjih objav v Uvodu, Opis območja raziskav v Material in metode). Podpisi k slikam so priloženi posebej za poglavjem Literatura. 8. Tabele avtor priravi posebej na ločenih straneh v programu Word, tako kot rokopis, jih zaporedno oštevilči in opremi z naslovom - kratkim opisom. V glavnem delu besedila se sklicuje na tabele tako, da jih na ustreznem mestu označi z npr. "(Tab. 1)". 9. Slikovno gradivo (grafi, zemljevidi, fotografije, table) avtor posreduje v ločenih datotekah (jpeg, tiff) z najmanj 300 dpi resolucije pri želeni velikosti. Največja velikost slikovnega gradiva je 17x20 cm. Vsa potrebna dovoljenja za objavo slikovnega gradiva (v skladu z Zakonom o avtorski in sorodnih pravicah) priskrbi avtor sam in jih predloži uredništvu pred objavo članka. Slike je potrebno tudi podnasloviti in zaporedno oštevilčiti (glej točko 7). V glavnem delu besedila se avtor sklicuje na slike tako, da jih na ustreznem mestu označi z npr. "(Sl. 1)". 10. Bibliografske opombe, s čimer mislimo na citat - torej sklicevanje na druge publikacije, sestavljajo naslednji podatki v oklepaju: avtor in leto izida; npr. (Novak, 2007). Če sta dva avtorja, se izpišeta oba (Novak & Kranjc, 2001), če so trije ali več pa se izpiše samo prvi, ki mu sledi okrajšava et al. (Novak et al., 1999). Več citatov je med seboj ločenih s podpičjem in si sledijo kronološko - z naraščajočo letnico izdaje, npr. (Novak et al., 1999; Adamič, 2001; Kranjc & Zupan, 2007). Osebno informacijo (ustno, pisno) izpišemo prav tako v oklepaju z navedbo kratice imena in priimka posredovalca informacije, za vejico pa dodamo "osebno sporočilo", npr. (J. Novak, osebno sporočilo). 11. Celotni bibliografski podatki so navedeni v poglavju Literatura v abecednem vrstnem redu. Pri tem avtor navede izključno dela, ki jih je v članku citiral. Če ima isti avtor več bibliografskih podatkov, se najprej kronološko izpišejo tisti, kjer je edini avtor, sledijo dela v soavtorstavu še z enim avtorjem in dela v soavtorstvu z več avtorji. Imena revij, v katerih so izšla citirana dela, se izpišejo okrajašano (splošno priznane okrajšave revij). Članki, ki še niso bili publicirani, se lahko citirajo le, če so bili dokončno sprejeti v tisk, pri čemer se na koncu bibliografskega podatka doda beseda "v tisku". Člankov, ki so šele bili poslani v recenzijo, se ne sme citirati. Primeri navajanje različnih tipov bibliografskih podatkov: članki v revijah: Klock, J.-H., A. Wieland, R. Seifert & W. Michaelis (2007): Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from cyanobac-terial mats: characterisation and isolation method optimisation. Mar. Biol., 152, 1077-1085. Knjige in druge neserijske publikacije (poročila, diplomska dela, doktorske disertacije): Wheeler, A. (1969): The fishes of the British Isles and North-West Europe. McMillan, London, 613 p. Poglavje v knjigi: McEachran, J. D. & C. Capapé (1984): Myliobatidae. In: Whitehead, P. J. P., M. L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen & E. Tortonese (eds.): Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean, Vol. 1. Unesco, Paris, pp. 205209. 12. Drugo: latinski izrazi kot npr. in vivo, in situ, e.g., i.e., ter rodovna (Myliobatis sp.) in vrstna (Myliobatis aqui-la) imena se izpišejo v fontu italic. Kadarkoli je možno, se uporabljajo enote iz sistema SI (Système international d'unités). 13. Prvi odtis člankov uredništvo pošlje avtorjem v korekturo. Avtorji so dolžni popravljeno gradivo vrniti v enem tednu. Besedilo popravljamo s korekturnimi znamenji, ki jih najdemo na koncu Slovenskega pravopisa (2001), Ljubljana, ZRC SAZU, 24-25. Širjenje obsega besedila ob korekturah ni dovoljeno. Druge korekture opravi uredništvo. 14. Za dodatna pojasnila v zvezi z objavo člankov je uredništvo na voljo. UREDNIŠTVO ISTRUZIONI PER GLI AUTORI 1. La rivista ANNALES (Annali per gli studi istriani e mediterranei, Series historia naturalis) pubblica articoli scientifici originali e compendii dai contenuti scientifi-ci relativi ai vari settori della storia naturale e pertinen-ti l'area geografica del Mediterraneo: biologia marina, ecologia, ittiologia, geologia, paleontologia, carsologia, olivicoltura, biodiversità della Slovenia, tutela della natura, inquinamento e tutela dell'ambiente, geografía fisica dell'Istria e del Mediterraneo ecc. La rivista pubblica anche articoli scientifici brevi relativi a ricerche concluse pertinenti a tali settori. 2. La Redazione accetta articoli in lingua inglese, slo-vena e italiana. Gli autori devono garantire l'ineccepibi-lità linguistica dei testi, la Redazione si riserva il diritto di una revisione linguistica. 3. Gli articoli devono essere di lunghezza non su-periore alle 48.000 battute senza spazi, ovvero 2 fogli d'autore. Possono venir recapitati all'indirizzo di posta elettronica annales@mbss.org (preferibilmente) oppure su supporto elettronico (CD) per posta ordinaria all'indirizzo della Redazione. L'autore garantirá l'originalità dell'articolo e si impe-gnerà a non pubblicarlo altrove. 4. Ogni articolo deve essere corredato da: titolo, nome e cognome dell'autore (autori), denominazione ed indirizzo dell'ente di appartenenza o, in alternativa, l'indirizzo di casa, nonché l'indirizzo di posta elettronica (solo del primo autore o dell'autore di corrispondenza). 5. I contributi devono essere corredati da un riassunto e da una sintesi. Quest'ultima sarà più breve (cca. 10 ri-ghe) del riassunto (cca 30 righe). Nella sintesi si descriveranno brevemente lo scopo, i metodi e i risultati delle ricerche. La sintesi non deve contenere commenti e segnalazioni. Il riassunto riporterà in maniera sintetica lo scopo, i metodi delle ricerche e l'analisi ossia l'interpretazione dei risultati. Il riassunto non deve riferirsi alle tabelle, figure e alla bibliografía contenuta nell'articolo. 6. Gli autori sono tenuti ad indicare le parole chiave adeguate (massimo 6). Sono auspicabili anche le tradu-zioni in inglese (o sloveno) della sintesi, del riassunto, delle parole chiave, delle didascalie e delle tabelle. In caso contrario, vi provvederà la Redazione. 7. Il testo principale deve essere strutturato nei se-guenti capitoli: Introduzione, Materiali e metodi, Risul-tati, Discussione o Risultati e discussione, Conclusioni, Ringraziamenti (se necessari), Bibliografía. Il testo puo essere strutturato in sottocapitoli (ad es. sottocapitolo Rassegna delle pubblicazioni nell'Introduzione; sottocapitolo Descrizione dell'area di ricerca nel capitolo Materiali e metodi). Le didascalie devono essere presentate separatamente, a seguito del capitolo Bibliografía. 8. Le tabelle saranno preparate in forma elettronica come il manoscritto (formato Word) e allegate in fogli se-parati alla fine del testo. Gli autori sono pregati di con-trassegnare ogni tabella con un numero e il titolo ossia una breve descrizione. Nel testo la tabella viene richia-mata come segue: (Tab. 1). 9. Il materiale gráfico (grafici, carte geografiche, fotografíe, tavole) va preparato in formato elettronico (jpeg 0 tiff) e consegnato in file separati, con una definizione di 300 dpi alla grandezza desiderata, purché non ecceda 1 17x20 cm. Prima della pubblicazione, l'autore provve-dera a fornire alla Redazione tutte le autorizzazioni ri-chieste per la riproduzione del materiale grafico (in virtu della Legge sui diritti d'autore). Tutto il materiale grafico deve essere accompagnato da didascalie (vedi punto 7) e numerato.. Nel testo i grafici vengono richiamati come segue: (ad es. Fig. 1). 10. I riferimenti bibliografici (citazioni) richiamano un'altra pubblicazione (articolo). La nota bibliografica, riportata nel testo, deve contenere i seguenti dati tra parentesi: cognome dell'autore, anno di pubblicazione, ad es. (Novak, 2007). Se gli autori sono due, verranno indicati entrambi (Novak & Kranjc, 2001), nel caso di tre o piu autori verra indicato soltanto il primo, seguito dall'abbreviazione et al. (Novak et al., 1999). Vari riferimenti bibliografici in una stessa nota vanno divisi dal punto e virgola e segnalati in ordine cronologico, ad. es. (Novak et al., 1999; Adamič, 2001; Kranjc & Zupan, 2007). La testimonianza (orale, scritta) verra indi-cata tra parentesi con l'abbreviazione del nome e con il cognome di chi l'ha trasmessa, seguiti dalla virgola e la dicitura "informazione personale", ad es. (J. Novak, informazione personale). 11. La bibliografía completa va inserita in ordine alfabetico nel capitolo Bibliografía. L'autore indichera esclusivamente i lavori e le edizioni citati nell'articolo. Se si citano piu lavori dello stesso autore, verranno indicati prima in ordine cronologico i lavori in cui l'autore appare solo, poi quelli in cui l'autore compare assieme ad un secondo coautore, seguiti infine da quelli in cui egli compare tra piu coautori. I nomi delle riviste in cui sono pubblicati i lavori citati saranno indicati nella forma abbreviata (abbreviazioni ufficialmente riconosciute). Gli articoli inediti si possono citare soltanto se sono in corso di pubblicazione, facendo loro seguire la dicitura "in corso di pubblicazione". Gli articoli, non ancora recensiti non possono essere citati. Esempio di lavoro bibliografico: Articoli in riviste: Klock, J.-H., A. Wieland, R. Seifert & W. Michaelis (2007): Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from cyanobacterial mats: characterisation and isolation method optimisation. Mar. Biol., 152, 1077-1085. Libri ed altre pubblicazioni non periodiche (relazioni, tesi di laurea, dissertazioni di dottorato): Wheeler, A. (1969): The fishes of the British Isles and North-West Europe. McMillan, London, 613 p. Capitoli di libro: McEachran, J. D. & C. Capape (1984): Myliobatidae. In: Whitehead, P. J. P., M. L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen & E. Tortonese (eds.): Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean, Vol. 1. Unesco, Paris, pp. 205-209. 12. Altro: Le espressioni latine come ad es. in vivo, in situ, e.g., i.e., i nomi dei generi famiglie (Myliobatis sp.) e delle specie (Myliobatis aquila) si scrivono con il caratte-re italic. Quando possibile saranno utilizzate le unità del sistema SI (Système international d'unités). 13. Gli autori ricevono le prime bozze di stampa per la revisione. Le bozze corrette vanno quindi rispedite entro una settimana alla Redazione. In questa fase, i testi cor-retti con segni adeguati (indicazioni in merito si trovano alla fine della pubblicazione "Slovenski pravopis" (2001), Ljubljana, ZRC SAZU, 24-25, non possono essere più am-pliati. La revisione delle bozze è svolta dalla Redazione. 14. La Redazione rimane a disposizione per eventuali chiarimenti. LA REDAZIONE INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS 1. The journal ANNALES (Annals for Istrian and Mediterranean Studies, Series historia naturalis) publishes original scientific and review articles in the field of natural studies related to the specifics of various subfields of Mediterranean natural studies: marine biology and ecology, ichthyology, geology with paleontology, karst studies, olive growing, biodiversity of Slovenia, nature protection, pollution and environmental protection, physical geography of Istria and the Mediterranean, etc. It also publishes short scientific papers on completed research projects related to the above-mentioned sub-fields. 2. The articles submitted can be written in the English, Slovene or Italian language. The authors should ensure that their contributions meet acceptable standards of language, while the editorial board has the right to have them language edited. 3. The articles should be no longer than 48,000 characters (spaces excluded) or 32 typewritten double-spaced pages. They can be submitted via e-mail annales@mbss.org (preferably) or regular mail, with the electronic data carrier (CD) sent to the address of the editorial board. Submission of the article implies that it reports original unpublished work and that it will not be published elsewhere. 4. The title page should include the title of the article, the name and surname of the author(s), their affiliation (institutional name and address) or home address, and e-mail address (of the first author or the corresponding author only). 5. The article should contain the summary and the abstract, with the former (c. 30 lines) being longer than the latter (c. 10 lines). The abstract contains a brief description of the aim of the article, methods of work and results. It should contain no comments and recommendations. The summary contains the description of the aim of the article and methods of work and a brief analysis or interpretation of results. It can contain only the information that appears in the text as well. It should contain no reference to figures, table and citations published in the main text. 6. Beneath the abstract, the author(s) should supply appropriate keywords (max 6) and, if possible, the English (or Slovene) translation of the abstract, summary, keywords, and captions to figures and tables. If unprovided, the translation will be provided by the editorial board. 7. The main text should include the following chapters: Introduction, Material and Methods, Results, Discussion or Results and Discussion, Conclusion, Acknowledgement (not obligatory), References. Individual parts of the text can form a sub-chapter (e.g. Survey of Previous Studies under Introduction; Description of Research Area under Material and Methods). Captions to figures should appear on a separate page beneath References. 8. Each table should be submitted on a separate page in Word programme (just like the main text). It should be numbered consecutively and supplied with the title -brief description. When referring to the tables in the main text, use the following style: (Tab. 1). 9. Illustrative matter (diagrams, maps, photographs, plates) should be submitted as separate files (in jpeg or tiff format) and saved at a minimum resolution of 300 dpi per size preferred, with the maximum possible publication size being 17x20 cm. Prior to publication, the author(s) should obtain all necessary authorizations (as stipulated by the Copyright and Related Rights Act) for the publication of the illustrative matter and submit them to the editorial board. All figures should be captioned and numbered consecutively (cf. Item 7). When referring to the figures in the main text, use the following style: (Fig. 1). 10. Bibliographic notes or citations - i.e. references to other articles or publications - should contain the following data: author and year of publication, e.g. (Novak, 2007). If there are two authors, include both surnames (Novak & Kranjc, 2001); if there are more than two authors, include the surname of the first author followed by a comma and the abbreviation et al. (Novak et al., 1999). If there is more than one reference, separate them by a semicolon and list them in ascending chronological order, e.g. (Novak et al., 1999; Adamic, 2001; Kranjc & Zupan, 2007). When citing information obtained through personal communication (oral, written), provide the initial letter of the name and full surname of the informant followed by a comma and the phrase personal communication, e.g. (J. Novak, personal communication). 11. The entire list of bibliographic data should be published under References in alphabetical order. The author(s) should list only the works cited in the article. If you are listing several works by the same author with some of them written in co-authorship, first list those written by the author him/herself, then those written in co-authorship with another author, and finally those written in co-authorship with more than one author, with the entries listed in chronological order. The names of journals in which the works cited were published should be abbreviated (cf. list of official journal abbreviations). Unpublished articles can be cited only if they have been approved for publication, which should be indicated by adding the phrase in press to the end of the relevant bibliography entry. Some examples of how to cite different types of bibliographical data: Articles published in serial publications: Klock, J.-H., A. Wieland, R. Seifert & W. Michaelis (2007): Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from cyanobacterial mats: characterisation and isolation method optimisation. Mar. Biol., 152, 1077-1085. Books and other non-serial publications (reports, diploma theses, doctoral dissertation): Wheeler, A. (1969): The fishes of the British Isles and North-West Europe. McMillan, London, 613 p. Chapters published in a book: McEachran, J. D. & C. Capape (1984): Myliobatidae. In: Whitehead, P. J. P., M. L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen & E. Tortonese (eds.): Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean, Vol. 1. Unesco, Paris, pp. 205-209. 12. Miscellaneous: Latin phrases such as in vivo, in situ, e.g., i.e., and names of genera (Myliobatis sp.) and species (Myliobatis aquila) should be written in italics. Whenever possible, use the SI units (Système international d'unités). 13. The authors are sent the first page proofs. They should be returned to the editorial board within a week. When reading the proofs, the authors should use the correction signs listed at the end of the book Slovenski pravopis (2001), Ljubljana, ZRC SAZU, 24-25. It is not allowed to lengthen the text during proofreading. Second proof-reading is done by the editorial board. 14. For additional information regarding article publication contact the editorial board. EDITORIAL BOARD KAZALO K SLIKAM NA OVITKU SLIKA NA NASLOVNICI: V Tržaškem zalivu se je konec leta 2014 pojavila dalmatinska lasasta meduza (Drymonema dalmatinum), ki je pravi orjak med morskimi klobučnjaki. Opisal jo je sloviti naravoslovec Ernst Haeckel leta 1880 ravno na podlagi meduz iz Jadranskega morja. Slovel je tudi kot nadarjen risar, kar kaže tudi njegova ilustracija lasaste meduze iz leta 1882. Sl. 1: Tujerodna vrsta alge Caulerpa cylindracea se vztrajno širi po Jadranskem morju. Letos so jo zasledili že povsem na severozahodu istrskega polotoka. (Foto: M. Trifunac) Sl. 2: Zaradi čedalje bolj priljubljene podvodne fotografije potapljači odkrivajo in fotografirajo mnoge manj znane vrste pridnenih živali, kot je npr. polž zaškrgar Philinopsis depicta. (Foto: B. Mavrič) Sl. 3: Zaradi večjega raziskovalnega napora odkrivajo morski biologi manj znane in redke vrste morskih nevreten-čarjev. To velja tudi za trdoživnjaško meduzo vrste Neoturris pileata. (Foto: B. Mavrič) Sl. 4: V Piranskem zalivu so bile nedavno najdene steljke navadne sargaške alge (Sargassum vulgare), ki so rasle med cistoziro (Cystoseira compressa). Trajnice iz rodu Sargassum so indikatorske vrste visoke kakovosti okolja in se zato uporabljajo pri oceni ekološkega stanja sredozemskih obalnih voda. (Foto: B. Mavrič) Sl. 5: Živopisane podobe polžev gološkrgarjev so že od nekdaj privabljale podvodne fotografe. Eden tovrstnih lepotcev je vrsta Dondice banyulensis. (Foto: B. Mavrič) Sl. 6: Trdoživnjaška meduza Aequorea forskalea je pravcati orjak med predstavniki svoje skupine, pa vendar meri v premeru kvečjemu 15 centimetrov. (Foto: B. Mavrič) INDEX TO IMAGES ON THE COVER FRONT COVER: By the end of 2014 a scyphomedusa, Drymonema dalmatinum, a real giant among jellyfish, was reported. It was described and named by the renowned scientist Ernst Haeckel in 1880 on the basis of the findings in the Adriatic Sea. He was famous as a skilled illustrator, as can be seen from his drawing of the medusa dating from 1882. Fig. 1: A non-indigenous alga, Caulerpa cylindracea, is steadily spreading northward in the Adriatic Sea. Recently it was confirmed off the northwestern shore of the Istrian Peninsula. (Photo: M. Trifunac) Fig. 2: Due to the popularity of underwater photography divers discover many less well-known and rare sea slugs such as Philinopsis depicta depicted in the photo. (Photo: B. Mavric) Fig. 3: The increase in research has resulted in the discovery of many interesting, less well-known marine invertebrates. The same is true for the hydromedusa Neoturris pileata. (Photo: B. Mavric) Fig. 4: Some thalli of Sargassum vulgare, growing among Cystoseira compressa, were recently found in the Bay of Piran. Perennial species from the genus Sargassum are considered to be indicators of high environmental quality and are therefore used in the assessment of the Ecological Status of Mediterranean coastal waters. (Photo: B. Mavric) Fig. 5: The vivid coloration of nudibranch sea slugs has always attracted underwater photographers. One such colourful sea slug is Dondice banyulensis. (Photo: B. Mavric) Fig. 6: The hydromedusa Aequorea forskalea is a real giant in comparison with its relatives, although it measures only 15 cm across its bell diameter. (Photo: B. Mavric) Anali za istrske in mediteranske študije - Annali di Studi istriani e mediterranei - Annals for Istrian and Mediterranean Studies UDK 5 Letnik 24, Koper 2014 ISSN 1408-533X VSEBINA / INDICE GENERALE / CONTENTS EKOLOGIJA MORJA ECOLOGIA DEL MARE MARINE ECOLOGY Valentina PITACCO, Martina ORLANDO-BONACA, Borut MAVRIČ & Lovrenc LIPEJ Macrofauna associated with a bank of Cladocora caespitosa (Anthozoa, Scleractinia) in the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic)................................. 1 Makrofavna, povezana z bioformacijo sredozemske kamene korale, Cladocora caespitosa (Anthozoa, Scleractinia), v Tržaškem zalivu (severni Jadran) RECENTNE SPREMEMBE V SREDOZEMSKI IHTIOFAVNI CAMBIAMENTI RECENTI NELLA ITTIOFAUNA MEDITERRANEA RECENT CHANGES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN ICHTHYOFAUNA Jakov DULČIC, Branko DRAGIČEVIC, Mišo PAVIČIC, Zdravko IKICA, Aleksandar JOKSIMOVIC & Olivera MARKOVIC Additional records of non-indigenous, rare and less known fishes in the eastern Adriatic........ 17 Novi zapisi o tujerodnih, redkih in manj znanih vrstah rib v vzhodnem Jadranu Ahmad SOLIMAN, Malek ALI, Adib SAAD, Christian REYNAUD & Christian CAPAPČ First records of sideburn wrasse Pteragogus pelycus (Osteichthyes: Labridae) off the Syrian coast (eastern Mediterranean)............................... 23 Prvi zapis o pojavljanju ustnače vrste Pteragogus pelycus (Osteichthyes: Labridae) ob sirski obali (vzhodno Sredozemsko morje) IHTIOLOGIJA ITTIOLOGIA ICHTHYOLOGY Mohamed ALI BEN SMIDA, Nesrine HADHRI, Aleš BOLJE, M'hamed EL CAFSI & Rafika FEHRI-BEDOUI Reproductive cycle and size at first sexual maturity of common pandora Pagellus erythrinus (Sparidae) from the Bay of Monastir (Tunisia, central Mediterranean)......................................... 31 Reproduktivni ciklus in velikost ob prvi spolni zrelosti ribona Pagellus erythrinus (Sparidae) v zalivu Monastir (Tunis, osrednje Sredozemlje) Hakan KABASAKAL & Ozgur KABASAKAL Status of angelshark, Squatina squatina (Elasmobranchii: Squatiniformes: Squatinidae) in the Sea of Marmara.......................................... 41 Status navadnega sklata (Squatina squatina) (Elasmobranchii: Squatiniformes: Squatinidae) v Marmarskem morju FLORA IN VEGETACIJA FLORA E VEGETAZIONE FLORA AND VEGETATION Nataša PIPENBAHER, Norman W. H. MASON & Sonja ŠKORNIK Floristic and functional diversity of meadows from two neighboring biogeographic regions........ 49 Primerjava floristične in funkcionalne pestrosti med travniki iz dveh sosednjih biogeografskih območij DELA NAŠIH ZAVODOV IN DRUŠTEV ATTIVITÀ DEI NOSTRI ISTITUTI E DELLE NOSTRE SOCIETÀ ACTIVITIES BY OUR INSTITUTIONS AND ASSOCIATIONS 4. slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo, 9. in 10. maj 2014, Maribor (Jan Podlesnik)................................ RECENTNE SPREMEMBE V SREDOZEMSKI BIODIVERZITETI CAMBIAMENTI RECENTI DELLA BIODIVERSITA MEDITERRANEA RECENT CHANGES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN BIODIVERSITY Alenka MALEJ, Martin VODOPIVEC, Davor LUČIC, Ivona ONOFRI & Branka PESTORIC The lesser-known medusa Drymonema dalmatinum Haeckel 1880 (Scyphozoa, Discomedusae) in the Adriatic Sea....................... 79 Manj znana meduza Drymonema dalmatinum Haeckel 1880 (Scyphozoa, Discomedusae) v Jadranskem morju Mirko DUROVIC, Ana PEŠIC, Aleksandar JOKSIMOVIC & Jakov DULČIC Additional record of a Lessepsian migrant - the dusky spinefoot, Siganus luridus (Ruppell, 1829) in the eastern Adriatic (Montenegrin coast) .......... 87 Nov zapis o pojavljanju lesepskega selivca morskega kunca Siganus luridus (Ruppell, 1829) v vzhodnem Jadranu (črnogorska obala) IN MEMORIAM V spomin profesorju, mentorju, sodelavcu in prijatelju prof. dr. Juriju Piškurju (Tinkara Tinta, Maja Ravnikar, Vlado Malačič in Valentina Turk) .. 67 71 73 75 Kazalo k slikam na ovitku..................................... 78 Index to images on the cover................................ 78 SREDOZEMSKE HRUSTANČNICE PESCI CARTILAGINEI DEL MEDITERRANEO MEDITERRANEAN ELASMOBRANCHS Hakan KABASAKAL & Murat BILECENOGLU Not disappeared, just rare! Status of the bramble shark, Echinorhinus brucus (Elasmobranchii: Echinorhinidae) in the seas of Turkey............................................. 93 Status bodičastega morskega psa Echinorhinus brucus (Elasmobranchii: Echinorhinidae) v turških morjih: še vedno prisoten, čeprav redek Olfa EL KAMEL-MOUTALIBI, Néjia MNASRI-SIOUDI, Sihem RAFRAFI-NOUIRA & Moncef BOUMAIZA Additional records of a rare elasmobranch species, sharpnose seven-gill shark Heptranchias perlo (Hexanchidae) off the northern Tunisian coast (Central Mediterranean) .............................. 99 Dodatni zapisi o redkem morskem psu sedmeroškrgarju Heptranchias perlo (Hexanchidae) iz severnih tunizijskih voda (osrednje Sredozemlje) Navodila avtorjem .... Istruzioni per gli autori 63 Instruction to authors FLORA FLORA FLORA Martina ORLANDO-BONACA & Borut MAVRIČ Recurrence of Sargassum vulgare C. Agardh in Slovenian coastal waters (Adriatic Sea)............. 109 Ponovno pojavljanje vrste Sargassum vulgare C. Agardh v slovenskem obalnem morju (Jadransko morje) Barbara SLADONJA & Vesna BANOVAC-KUČA New records of Caulerpa cylindracea Sonder (Caulerpales, Chlorophyta) in Istria, Croatia.......... 115 Novi zapisi o pojavljanju alge Caulerpa cylindracea Sonder (Caulerpales, Chlorophyta) ob istrski obali (Hrvaška) FAVNA FAUNA FAUNA Lovrenc LIPEJ, Borut MAVRIČ, Jan SIMIČ & Domen TRKOV New records of opisthobranch gastropods in the waters off Slovenia (Gulf of Trieste, northern Adriatic Sea) .......................................... 123 Novi zapisi o pojavljanju polžev zaškrgarjev (Opisthobranchia) v vodah Slovenije (Tržaški zaliv, severni Jadran) Cristina COGLIEVINA, Manuel DE MUNARI, Domenico CIORCIARO & Donatella DEL PIERO The stock status of Callista chione (Linnaeus, 1758) exploited in the Gulf of Trieste..................... 129 Populacijski status školjke Callista chione (Linnaeus, 1758) v Tržaškem zalivu Marco BERTOLI, Marzia AZZONI & Elisabetta PIZZUL A comparison between biomonitoring methods for the analysis of macrobenthic invertebrate communities in different river types of Friuli Venezia Giulia........................................ 139 Primerjava metod biomonitoringa za analizo makrobentoških skupnosti nevretenčarjev v različnih rečnih tipih Furlanije - Julijske krajine DELA NAŠIH ZAVODOV IN DRUŠTEV ATTIVITA DEI NOSTRIISTITUTI E DELLE NOSTRE SOCIETA ACTIVITIES BY OUR INSTITUTIONS AND ASSOCIATIONS Brehm's Life of Animals from 1872 in Poreč, Croatia (Barbara Sladonja)................................... 149 Strokovna srečanja o ohranjanju ključnih sredozemskih morskih habitatnih tipov -Symposia on the conservation of Mediterranean marine key habitats, Portorož, 27. - 31. oktober 2014 (Robert Turk) ............................................................................................150 Prof. dr. Jadran Faganeli - prejemnik Velike nagrade Miroslava Zeia za življenjsko delo na področju dejavnosti Nacionalnega inštituta za biologijo (Lovrenc Lipej in Vlado Malačič) ............151 Navodila avtorjem ..............................................................................................153 Istruzioni per gli autori......................................................................................155 Instruction to authors ....................................................................................157 Kazalo k slikam na ovitku..........................................................................160 Index to images on the cover................................................................160