130 arhitektov bilten • architect's bulletin • 224 • 225 • 226 • 227 Arhitektura. Skulptura. Spomin. / Architecture. Sculpture. Remembrance. Spomenik revoluciji na Kozari • Kozara, Bosna in Hercegovina • Kipar: Dušan Džamonja • Material: beton • Fotografije: Roberto Conte • Besedilo: Robert Potokar Monument to the revolution at Kozara • Kozara, Bosnia and Herzegovina • Sculptor: Dušan Džamonja • Material: concrete • Photographs: Roberto Conte • Text: Robert Potokar 18_ KOZARA, 1972 Dušan Džamonja BIH 131arhitektov bilten • architect's bulletin • 224 • 225 • 226 • 227 razstava / exhibition Spomenik na Kozari je spomenik trpljenju, ki so ga partizani in prebivalci doživlja- li v času med drugo svetovno vojno, predvsem med kozarsko ofenzivo leta 1942. Je eden od najbolj znanih in sporočilnih spomenikov NOB na področju celotnega jugoslovanskega prostora. Abstraktna kompozicija kiparja Dušana Džamonje, ki je bila leta 1970 izbrana na natečaju, stoji na robu travnate jase, obkrožena z gostim smrekovim in borovim gozdom. Osnovni element zasnove je vertikala, krožni stolp, sestavljen iz valovitih betonskih lamel različnih višin, ki se serpentinasto dvigujejo nad okoliški gozd. Okrog vertikale so krožno razporejeni žarki nizkih be- tonskih zidov, vpetih v zemljo. Parterna ureditev je proti gozdu, v katerega se širijo višji betonski spominski zidovi, intimna, dostopna stran pa je bolj odprta. Na spo- minske zidove so pritrjene bronaste plošče z imeni 9921 padlih in pogrešanih par- tizanov. Likovna posebnost so v betonske lamele vstavljeni trakovi iz inoksa, ki odbijajo svetlobo in s tem še dodatno poudarjajo dinamiko spomenika. Druga posebnost je dostopnost osrednjega stolpa, iz katerega se odpira utesnjen pogled proti nebu, z zaključnim vencem v obliki lamel, ki »pritiskajo« na obiskovalca. V sklopu kompleksa je Džamonja zasnoval tudi muzej, ki pri sami zasnovi spomenika nima odločilne vloge, saj je diskretno umeščen na spodnji nivo. Ob vzpenjanju po stopnicah skozi gozd kompleksa sprva ne zaznamo. Šele na dvignjeni jasi se odpre veličasten pogled na 33 metrov visok objekt, ki s svojo abstraktnostjo, velikostjo in mogočnostjo izraža pomen narodnoosvobodilnega boja in hkrati opominja na te- danje vojne grozote. Ker spomenik stoji v zaščitenem delu narodnega parka Koza- ra, je celotni kompleks vzdrževan in dobro obiskan; v njem je vsako leto komemo- racija v spomin padlim. The monument at Kozara is a monument to the suffering which the Partisans and the population endured in the period of World War 2, especially during the time of the Kozara Offensive in 1942. It is one of the best known and most con- notative monuments to the People’s Liberation Struggle in the entire Yugoslav space. Sculptor Dušan Džamonja's abstract composition, chosen in 1970 by com- petition, stands on the edge of a grassy meadow, enveloped by a thick spruce and pine forest. The basic element of the design is the vertical: a circular tower com- posed of concrete undulating fins of varying heights rising above the surrounding forest in a serpentine manner. Arranged circularly around the vertical, there are rays of low concrete walls embedded into the soil. Towards the forest, in which direction the taller concrete memorial walls extend, the ground-level layout is intimate while the access side is more open. Affixed on the memorial walls are bronze plates inscribed with 9,921 Partisans killed and missing in action. As a vis- ual peculiarity, stainless steel bands are inserted in the concrete fins, reflecting light and further emphasising the dynamics of the monument. Another distinc- tive feature is the accessibility of the central tower with a constrained view to- wards the sky which opens from it, terminating in a fin-shaped cornice “pressing” against the visitor. As part of the complex, Džamonja also designed a museum, which does not have a decisive role in the design as it is discreetly placed on the lower level. Ascending on the steps leading through the forest, the complex is initially out of sight. Only on the elevated meadow does the view open onto the 33 m tall monument whose abstractness, size, and mightiness express the signifi- cance of the People’s Liberation Struggle and at the same time call to mind the horrors of that war. Because the monument is located in the protected area of Kozara national park, the entire complex is maintained and receives many visitors. Every year, it hosts a commemoration in memory of those killed.