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SLOVENIAN i».
Serving . n Ohn i dn<i nat ion wide over 1 50 000 American Slovenians
Vol. 98 - No. 2	(USPS 024100)
AMERIŠKA DOMOVINA, JANUARY 11,1 996

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Mrva suspect pleads guilty
The last shepherd’ house on the way climbing up Ml. Triglav in Slovenia. Pausing on their lofty trek to the top are Peter and Rok Keše and MarjanKodrič Jr.
Understanding Tort Reform
by James Ewinger
The Plain Dealer
CLEVELAND — A man headed off a death sentence Monday with a guilty plea to a manslaughter charge.
Robert Tenney, 20, of C'leveland, had been charged with aggravated murder, aggravated burglary and aggravated robbery for the Oct. 23, 1994, stabbing and beating death of 85-year-old Mary Mrva. He was arrested last summer along with two others.
Assistant County Prosecutor Dominic DelBalso said that had Tenney been tried and convicted on the original charges, he could have joined about 150 others on Ohio’s death row.
DelBalso said Tenney agreed to cooperate with police and prosecutors and to testify against a co-defendant who is set tor an April trial before Cuyahoga County Common Pleas Judge Anthony O. Calabrese Jr.
Trees go into dormancy in anticipation of drought or temperature extremes.
We usually think of drought as occurring in prolonged hot, dry weather, but for trees winter produces an other kind °f drought every year. Even though precipitation may occur in the form of snow or ice, freezing temperatures prevent trees from obtaining and using the moisture. That’s why many trees go dormant from late autumn until early spring.
Not all trees go into winter dormancy. Most conifers do not shed their needlelike leaves in the fall. Evergreen needles” present little leaf surface to the elements, and a!e ^ard and tough. These characteristics make them very r°ught tolerant, almost like cactus “needles.”
Deciduous trees have taken a different route to survive '''inters. They have developed argc, soft, fragile leaves 'vhich are more efficient at Photosynthesis in warm 'vcather than needles, but which cannot survive freezing •cm peratures.
Deciduous trees often lost their leaves before winter, and h is not freezing temperatures and snow which cause leaves *o fall. Rather, the shortening °f the days as winter approaches triggers physiological responses in deciduous trees, causing them to lose their leaves and slow down other biological functions. In dor-
As part of the plea agreement, Tenney was allowed to plead guilty to involuntary manslaughter, which carries a sentence of up to 25 years in prison. DelBalso said Mrva’s relatives, who declined to address the court, had approved the plea agreement.
Judge William E. Aurelius granted a motion by defense attorney Thomas M. Shaughnessy to delay Tenney’s sentencing until March. Shaughnessy said Tenney would not be eligible for parole.
DelBalso said the man awaiting trial before Calabrese also could get a death sentence if convicted. He said a third suspect, a juvenile, already has pleaded guilty in Juvenile Court for his role.
Mrs. Mrva’s slaying remained a mystery for months. A tip to Cleveland homicide detectives led to the arrests nine months after Mrs. Mrva’s body was found in her E. 64th St. home.
mancy the basic functions of life, including respiration, do not stop — they merely slow way down.
The approach of dormancy in deciduous trees is easily identified by the typical chan-ing leaf colors of fall, as the leaves are slowly deprived of water by the tree when a layer of corky cells, called the abscission layer, forms at the base of the petiole of each leaf.
Drought conditions may bring on a slightly early leaf fall, or an early frost might kill leaves while still green, but in general, over the years and over the centuries, dormancy is determined quite predictably by waning day length.
Once leaves fall from deciduous trees, the dormant buds which will produce the next spring’s new leaves are readily apparent. If a bud is carefully removed from the tree and'darefully opened, it will reveal the tiny immature leaves or primordial flower structures inside, protected in most species by a hard coat of bud scales. These buds are the basis for the next spring’s show of foliage and blossoms.
As you look out your winter window at the seemingly lifeless trees you may rest assured that all is well, and leaves and life will stir and emerge again with the lengthening days of oncoming spring, just as they have always done!
by State Representative Ed .lerse
In the coming weeks, you will hear a lot about “tort reform” which is under consideration in the General Assembly. Although the stakes are huge, many people have no idea what tort reform involves.
A “tort” is a civil wrong, other than one based on contract, which causes injury or damage. A tort can arise from negligence, from an intentional act, or from the manufacture of a defective product.
Typical negligence lawsuits involve automobile accidents, medical malpractice, or slip and falls. The pending civil lawsuit against O.J. Simpson is an example of the fairly rare intentional tort action. The complex lawsuits relating to asbestos, cigarettes, breast implants, and automobile designs are examples of product liability actions.
Proponents of “tort reform” argue that, in recent years, the legal system has gotten out of control, with plaintiffs unfairly targeting “deep pocket” defendants and juries giving huge awards in questionable cases. They call for a limitation on or “capping” of damages and for what they argue to be fairer rules.
Opponents argue that the system isn’t broken, that large awards are rare and usually justified, and that such awards serve a useful purpose by correcting irresponsible conduct. They say that damage caps are undesirable and unconstitutional and that the current rules appropriately resolve doubts in favor of the injured party rather than the parties at
fault.
While there are numerous provisions in the tort reform bill, the main debate focuses on a few key sections.
Capping “Non-Economic” Damages: An injured party typically has both “economic” and “noneconomic” damages. Economic damages consist of out-of-pocket losses, such as medical expenses and lost wages. Tort reform would not cap or affect economic damages.
Non-economic damages are intangible losses, such as pain and su tiering, emotional distress, and loss of companionship.
Proponents of tort reform argue that juries, in awarding non-economic damages, are swayed by sympathy and emotional appeals, with the result being runaway verdicts and an unpredictable system. They propose a $500,000 cap on such damages. Opponents counter that $500,000 is not sufficient compensation for, say, a quadraplegic and that arbitrary limits are unconstitutional.
Eliminating “Joint and Several” Liability: If several parties cause an injury, current law provides that each of them is liable for all damages, even if one was only slightly responsible. This is important where one defendant has no insurance or assets, but another has both.
Reformers argue that “joint and several” liability is unfair and leads to lawsuits targeting peripheral, “deep pocket” defendants. For example, a plaintiff injured by an uninsured driver might sue a
municipality or a road construction company on a theory that their negligence somehow contributed to the accident. Reformers propose that defendants pay only their proportionate share of the damages, i.e. a party 15% responsible for an injury would pay 15% of the damages.
Opponents argue that the burden of a defendant without assets should be borne by the co-defendants, not the injured party. They note that the proposed law would leave the victim, who may be the only one without fault, uncompensated.
A compromise approach would establish “trigger points” whereby a defendant would be jointly liable if his share of the total liability reached a certain level, such as 20% or 30%.
Capping Punitive Damages: Proponents argue for caps on punitive damages, which can be awarded to punish outrageous conduct. They argue that these damages are unpredictable and inconsistent and that they discourage product innovation. Opponents argue that punitive damages arc rarely awarded, that the judge may reduce them if unfair, and that such damages are needed to discourage dangerous practices.
Disclosing “Collateral Source” Benefits: Currently, juries are not advised that a plaintiff may have received benefits, such as the payment of medical bills, from collateral sources, such as insurance. Proponents argue that such benefits should be disclosed to avoid a “double recovery.”
Why do trees go dormant in Winter
AMERIŠKA DOMOVINA, JANUARY 11,1 996
100 WORDS MORE OR LESS t>y^ John IVTeroina
A HAPPY ENDING... 19 years later!
SHE WAS BORN OUT OF WEDLOCK TO A COUPLE OF KIDS STILL IN THEIR TEENS, SURROUNDED BY THE MORES CAST IN STONE OF THEIR EMIGRE PARENTS. SHE WAS GIVEN UP FOR ADOPTION AND WAS RAISED IN A LOVING HOME YEARNING SOMEDAY TO FIND HER NATURAL PARENTS. THE YOUNG COUPLE MARRIED AND REARED ADDITIONAL CHILDREN, SURROUNDED WITH LOVE OF THEIR PARENTS WHO DAILY WONDERED WHAT EVER HAPPENED TO THEIR FIRST GRANDCHILD. LOVE HELPED THEM FIND EACH OTHER. THIS LAST CHRISTMAS, A YOUNG WOMAN SAT ON HER GRANDPA’S KNEE, SURROUNDED BY HER SIBLINGS AND HER NATURAL PARENTS AND THANKED GOD FOR BRINGING THE FAMILY TOGETHER FOR THEIR FIRST CHRISTMAS. SHE HAS TWO SETS OF PARENTS NOW. WHAT MORE COULD SHE ASK FOR-IT WAS A GREAT CHRISTMAS ... 19 YEARS LATER.
2 Jim’s Journal
by Jim Debevec
This past week I have seen my life pass before me — and it was amazing.
During that time I have been reading an autobiography “David Brinkley A Mem<$ir.” He was the Washington-based half of the famous Huntley-Brinkley Report seen weeknights at 6:30 p.m. on NBC television.
Although the book chronicles the life of David Brinkley, it is really a history of television. It covers his career from 1943 to the present. It is interesting to discover that the television networks really didn’t have any inkling what to do with their new media, nor how to cover major events such as political conventions, moon landings, wars and assassinations.
Through this book we realize the evolution process that took place changed life in America forever. An example is that the evening news on TV replaced the evening newspaper.
Brinkley’s observations are like reading the mind of Aristotle. He recalls little tid-bids with each of the 11 Presidents he knew from antibusiness Franklin Roosevelt to the most vocal (Clinton) who put most of the convention delegates to sleep or caused them to be otherwise occupied with his seemingly never-ending speech.
He fondly recalled the world’s most admired statesman, Winston Churchill, a few years after World War II came to the heartland of America to warn about the dangers of Communism spreading in Europe. At the time many criticized the speech which later turned out to be correct. Then Senator Joe McCarthy of Wisconsin, thought there were Communists under every rock in America. People paid much attention to him; but he was wrong.
He talked about the magnificent Camp David which was built by the Civilian Conservation Corps in the 1930s during the depression. It was first called Shangri La but the name was changed to Camp David by President Eisenhower who re-named it for his grandson. The CCC was originated by the government to give people jobs. Today, throughout the country you can see the results of their work. I here are rivers, creeks, bridges that stand like mighty fortresses, and they are absolutely beautiful, and have lasted wonderfully these 60 years. And they were built by hand. Today — with modern construction machinery — roads fall apart in five years.
An interesting story is about the two hitchhikers in their 20s who traveled from New York to California and back. They carried a sign with only two words, “British Students.” That was enough to ensure them a ride.
When Brinkley interviewed them they told how they kept meticulous records of each ride they received, and from whom, and how far they rode, about the countryside, and what they talked about. Ninety-two percent of those who gave them a lift said if they were Americans, they would NOT have given them a ride.
I recall my mother telling that during the Depression people would come to the back door and ask for something to eat. She always gave them a sandwich and a glass of milk — with no thought of fear.
On a radio report Monday, a Cleveland patrolman gave this advice: Never drive your car with the door unlocked or the windows open.
During the last 50 years covered by this book we have seen the most scientifically advanced half-century in the short history of mankind. But morally — there are some who might argue that we have degressed back into the Dark Ages.
* * *
Soon people will be watching the state of New Hampshire, one of the most beautiful states in the nation, especially in the Fall. Moreover, it is the location of the country’s First primary. Politicians will converge there to test their popularity; the media will be there to report the story.
Usually, along with all the hoopla, an amazing fact will be repeated. It is that New Hampshire has no state tax to speak of. When you go into a store and purchase something for $5.00; you pay the $5 and nothing more — not the five or six, or seven, or more per cent sales tax.
How do they do it? Mostly, the residents fend for themselves. They get involved with helping schools; they haul their own trash to the dump, etc. An interesting cultural phenomenon.
* * *
It was interesting to see the National Football League told Cleveland that if they want a football team to play in the city, they will have to build a new stadium, not refurbish the old pile of junk by the lake.
As we’ve mentioned numerous times, the best place to build a new stadium is on the old Collinwood Railroad property. It is huge, it is next to the freeway, it is mostly not being used, it is in the city limits, and consequently a perfect location for the feisty Mayor Michael White of Cleveland who is determined to “Save Our Browns.”
And as an added feature, wouldn’t it be fun to take a train excursion to Cleveland to watch a football game. You could get off the train, walk a few yards, and there you would be at the new stadium.
It would revitalize the entire Collinwood and Waterloo
neighborhoods.
* * *
Who are the unsung heroes this week? Everyone’s favorite, but mostly taken for
granted: the snow removal crews of every city and highway.
In addition, we can include every person who takes the time and effort to shovel the sidewalks/and/or driveways of those who are unable to do their own.
During this very stormy season, we salute both the professional and amateur snow-removal people who clear paths for the world to venture from one location to the next. Without you we couldn’t easily survive.
* * *
And during this giant storm over the weekend, the military amateur radio network was issued a “X-Ray, Zulu” which means full emergency alert.
Ohio’s MARS chief, Bob Mills, said they were helping with messages from Maine through the rest of New England, New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Ohio. The amateur radio operators were working from Sunday through Monday and relayed messages during the emergency. “For example,” Bob said, “in Ohio due to the unusual atmospheric conditions we couldn’t hear from some operators in our own state. We had to broadcast through the loop, maybe go through Maine, who in return could pick up Youngstown and forward the information. Some in New England, in turn, couldn’t communicate with their neighbors but had to call us to get their information through.”
Well, this is all something we civilians never think of and take for granted. So, to all those who through your own expense and time stay alert on the radio to insure all emergency information is relayed and received, we also salute you. Thanks for helping our government — and us.
Krofe Sale
On Saturday, January 13 at the usual times a Krofe Sale will be held in the Social Room of St. Vitus auditorium. Homemade noodles will also be available.
Bake Sale
St. Mary Altar Society is sponsoring a krofe and bake sale on Saturday, January 20 beginning at 9 a.m. in the school auditorium.
Pilgrimage to Slovenia
Father Jože Černe, in conjunction with St. Mary’s (Collinwood) 90th anniversary and the Holy Father the Pope’s first visit to Slovenia, will lead a pilgrimage for the Papal Masses.
The tour will visit Salzburg, Austria; Florence, Rome, Assisi, Padua, and Venice, Italy as well as Slovenia.
Cost is $1950.
For reservations please contact TravelMax (Europa Travel) at 692-1700, or Father
Swearing-in ceremony for Judge Šuster
All American Home readers and friends are cordially invited to attend the Swearing-In Ceremony for the Honorable Ronald Šuster as Judge of the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas on Friday, January 12 at 11:30 a.m. in the Rotunda/Old County Court House, 1 Lakeside Ave., Cleveland.
Judge August Pryatel will conduct the swearing-in ceremony.
Reception immediately following the ceremony.
Fish Fries
The American Slovene Club, 617-1/2 3rd St., Fair-port Harbor will be holding Fish Fries every Friday from 4:30 to 7:30 p.m. Phone number 357-5046.
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Book about Christians killed by the Communists
Note: Nearly one year has passed since the publication in Slovenija of the book titled, “Palme Mučeniftva (Palms for the Martyrs). The following article appeared in the December, 1994 edition of “Ognjišče” a Slovenian monthly published by the diocese of Koper (Slovenia). Due to the length of the article it is divided into various parts.
(Continued from last week) (Translated by Stane Kuhar)
(Conclusion)
Note: Msgr. Bolder Father Božidar Slapšak is the third primary contributor to this book. His work focused primarily on the priests who were imprisoned, especially after the war.
Translator’s note: Father Božidar is the brother of the deceased Father Julius Slapšak who ministered at St. Lawrence and then in retirement, at St. Vitus, both in the diocese of Cleveland. Father Božidar was also part of the visiting delegation of clergy to Cleveland in 1968 when St. Vitus parish then celebrated its 75th anniversary.
Fr. Slapšak: 1 was not one of those surprised about the idea of a memorial for our deceased co-worker priests. Their story had to be told.
Question: How did you experience the revolution?
Fr- Slapšak: In 1943 I was an associate pastor at St George’s in the Dolenjska region (southern and flat farmland region in Slovenia). After the fall of the Italian ( acist) occupying army there were among us various Slovenian Partisans while a bit later there were approximately
>000 Slovenian Domobrance ('•e., Village Guard). At the end of the war came the “new regime.’’
Question: Do you know some of the murdered priests?
Fr. Slapšak: Of course. They were all my classmates. Among the first murdeered were (Frs.) Kern and Zorman, others were murdered in 1945. After the war in St. George’s the Partisans murdered the pastor while the associate priest, Kastelič, was murdered just prior to my assignment and arrival at St. George’s.
Question: And what about your imprisonment.
Fr. Slapšak: In January 1946 I was imprisoned in Novo Mesto and tried because I was not an advocate of “OF” (Trans, note; meaning the “Osvobodilna fronta” (or Liberated Front) an organization used by the Slovenian Partisans to gain political and military control of Slovenia during and after the war.) I was also accused of having instructed various young men to abandon the partisans and hide in the forests. 1 was therefore guilty of having these young men shot in the forest. I did not, for all intents and purposes, have any cause or reason for this activity.
But in the Partisan eyes this was a huge offense. I was therefore given a death sentence. But with the hope that I would become “reeducated” I vvas given a sentence of “only” 16 years. Of these 16 years I served only one.
After my imprisonment 1 went to Ljubljana to serve as secretary for the diocese of Ljubljana. During this time Bishop Volk was being constantly monitored and finally sent away for interrogation.
I was accused of having made contacts with the outside world and therefore after two years the new Slovenian regime closed the diocesan secretary’s office. During the course of the interrogation it was determined that I did not have contact with the outside and the interrogation then
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turned to priests I had either a working relationship	contact. My interrogator^	ught
to determine what type of opinions I had about them. (Trans note: Opinions meaning “hearsay” to be used later against these priests, as well as any other person.)
I bluntly told them I would not give any “opinions” about my priestly co-workers and I was therefore again sentenced, on the grounds that I sought to offer “opposition” to the new Slovenian regime.
Since there was neither incriminating evidence or grounds to sentence me, I was accused of working with the Catholic Action (movement) even though 1 had no ties with it. I was therefore imprisoned, in total numbers, for a period of eight years and two months from one jail to another in Ljubljana by Miklošičevi; then to Zalah, where conditions were a bit better, then to Medvodah (where many met their graves); and then to Maribor.
In Maribor I was requested to write four articles of “admission’’ at the Cyril-Methodius society: that I condemn the Vatican that I condemn Bishop (Gregor) Rožman, that I recognize my own guilt and “mistakes,” and that I recognize the closing of the Cyril-Methodius society. These I did not do.
Question: After your final imprisonment what path in life do you follow?
Fr. Slapšak: After the imprisonment, the regime sought
to affect me (and others) in a more psychological manner hoping that at some later time I/(we) would “break” and that they would achieve what they could not (during my/our interrogations).
After the imprisonment there were eight of us priest who were released but were instructed and forbidden to resume our previous work. In this manner the (later named) Bishop Lenič was assigned to Sodražico while Bishop Volk had me assigned to St. Juriju by Kumom (or Podkum) where I stayed for 10 years. After 10 years 1 was assigned to Kranj-Primskovo where 1 stayed for 23 years. Finally I have been assigned for six
years at Leskovici in the Pol- 3 janski valley.
This concludes the interviews conducted by Msgr. Bolde. Through these translations I hope a better understanding has been gained by the readership of the Ameriška Domovina who do not understand the Slovenian language about what happened in Slovenia during and after World War II regarding the clergy.
For the record, the then Bishop Volk was the unfortunate recipient of having gasoline dosed on his body and being set on Fire by Slovenian Partisans of the “new regime.” — S. Kuhar
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AMERIŠKA DOMOVINA, JANUARY 11, 1996
AMERIŠKA DOMOVINA, JANUARY 1 1, 1996
Bountiful brunch at Manor
by Tony Petkovšek
An exciting mid-winter event promises to be the “Bountiful Brunch” on Sunday, January 21, at The Manor Party Center at 24111 Tungsten Road in Euclid. Sponsored by WELW radio and hosted by Ray Somich and myself, it coincides with our community station’s an-niverary and the celebration will be from noon until 5 p.m.
Tickets are $15 and are available at WELW at 36913 Stevens Boulevard; The Manor at 24111 Tungsten Road; and at Kollander Travel at 971 E. 185 Street. Tickets also from the bandleaders. For table group reservations of 8 or 10, call Camilla at 946-1330.
“Bound for Branson” April 14 to 18. Joey Tomsick and I are heading up another popular Kollander Travel tour to Branson this Spring. A week after Easter we go to America’s new entertainment capital, Branson, Missouri, for 5 days staying at the beautiful Lawrence Welk Resort.
The inexpensive package will cover the exciting shows of Shoji Tabuchi, Mel Tillis, Anita Bryant, the Osmonds, Wayne Newton, Bobby Vinton, plus at the Welk resort-Lennon Sisters, Lennon Brothers, Jo Ann Castle and accordion maestro Myron Floren. In addition, there will be two boating experiences, the Branson Belle and in St. Louis the Casino Queen. Meals, admissions, round trip air, bus transportation, hotel and special hosting all inclusive for $699.
You can call Kollander at 692-1000 on the Branson tour and another Spring special to Europe with Walter Ostanek and A1 Battistelli. We “Return to our Roots” in Slovenia and Italy on a deluxe excursion, May 8 to 20 as we polka our way through two capitals, Rome and Ljubljana plus many other famous areas like Venice and Bled. Highlight
will include the Pope's first visit to Slovenia at this time.
Grammy Nominations The five finalists for this year’s Grammy music awards are Eddie Blazonczyk & Lenny Gomulka of Chicago; Jimmy Sturr, N.Y.; Brave Combo of Texas; and Canada’s Walt Ostanek, winner of the past three awards. Ostanek has been nominated eight times out of the 11 for a polka Grammy.
Meeting
The Slovenian National Art Guild will meet on Monday, Jan. 15 at 7 p.m. in the Slovenian Society Home, 20713 Recher Ave., Euclid, Ohio.
Mary Hadzima, a florist, will speak on the demonstrate flower arranging.
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Ball Room Dance set at Slovenian National Home
Ball Room Dance, sponsored by the Friends of the Slovenian National Home will be held on Saturday, Jan. 13.
Joe Fedorchak, who has a large following in the Cleveland area, will play in the Ball Room from 7 p.m. until 11 p.m. The Lake Erie Button Box and the Old Homesteaders will play in the Kenik Annex.
Doors will open at 6:00 p.m.
ANNUAL MEETING
Membership Certificate Holders of the
Slovenian National Home
6417 St. Clair Avenue
SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 1996 In the annex rear entrance of the Slovenian National Home, 2 p.m. — Any interested person is surged to attend — Board of Directors
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and refreshments will be served. Cost of tickets is $6.00 and can be purchased at the Polka Hall of Fame and at the door on the evening of Jan. 13. Call Gerri Hopkins at 361-5115 for further details.
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Annual Meeting
Membership Certificate Holders of SLOVENIAN SOCIETY HOME 20713 Recher Avenue, Euclid, Ohio Sunday, February 11, 1996, at 2 p.m.
We invite all certificate holders and Lodge representatives to attend this important meeting.
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Death Notices
FRANK J. ZAK
Frank J. Zak, 77, a 40-year resident of Euclid, died Tuesday, Jan. 9 at University Hospitals after a short illness.
Mr. Zak was born March 24, 1918 in Cleveland.
He was a member of Slovenian National Benefit Society No. 147, American Mutual Life Association lodge No. 45. He was All-Scholastic for Col-linwood High School in 1936; All-State for football in 1936, played in All-City Charity Games in 1934, 1935, and 1936.
He played Triple A Baseball for the Boston Red Sox.
He was supervisor of design and production for 20 years with Ween Equipment until his retirement in 1965. Thereafter, he remained as a consultant until 1995.
Mr. Zak is survived by his wife Vida (nee Kapel); son: frank Jay; two daughters: Anita Zak, Mary Beth (Mrs. Joseph) Filippo. He is grandfather of Joe Joe, Mikey, Annamarie, Nick, Graceann; brother of Joseph Zakrajšek, Mary Zimmerman, son-in-law of Jennie Kapel.
Visitation is on Thursday, Jan. 11 at the Zele Funeral
t.
Home, 452	^
Cleveland, from 2-9 p.m.
Funeral Friday, Jan. 1 9:30 a.m. at St. Mary Cat! Church, 15519 Holmes A Cleveland, the Rev. Jo: Božnar officiating.
Burial in All Souls Cem< 'n Chardon, Ohio. Conti tions to St. Mary Church dowment Fund, 15519 Ho Ave., Cleveland 441 io Waterloo Workmen’s h! 1 5335 Waterloo 1 Cleveland 44110.
CARST-NAGY Memorials 15425 Waterloo Rd. 481-2237
“Serving the
Slovenian Community.*’1
DOLORES CETINSKY
Dolores Cetinsky (nee Mihelick), 62, of Euclid, Ohio passed away Sunday, Jan. 7, 1996 at Hospice House.
Dolores was born April 14, 1933 in Cleveland.
Dolores was a member of Holmes Avenue Pensioners and Slovenian Women’s Union No. 50.
She was a homemaker.
She is survived by husband, Chuck; daughter Connie Cetinsky; sons Steve and Nick; and brother John Mihelick Jr. of Colorado.
Her parents John and Rose (nee Urankar) Mihelick and son. Chuck Jr., are deceased. Funeral Friday, January 12 at 10:30 a.m. in St. Mary Catholic Church, 15519 Holmes Ave., Cleveland with Rev. Victor Tome officiating. Burial in All Souls Cemetery in Chardon.
Visitation Wednesday and Thursday, Jan. 10 and 11 at Zele Funeral Home, 452 E. 152 St., from 2-4 and 7-9 p.m.
JOSEPHINE LOZAR
Josephine Lozar (nee Sustar), 84, died on Thursday, Jan. 4 in Richmond Heights General Hospital.
Josephine was born in Cleveland. She was a longtime resident of Wickliffe.
She was retired from Dupont where she was employed as a receptionist.
Josephine was the widow of Joseph who died in 1985; the sister of Olga Babic, Mildred Plavcin, Alois Sustar, Florence Orehek, James; and the following deceased: Frank and August; aunt and great-aunt.
Funeral services were Satur-dy, Jan. 6 at Zele Memorial Chapel, Rev. David McCaf-ferty of Our Lady of Mt. Carmel officiating. Burial was in All Souls Cemetery.
Contributions in her memory to a charity of your choice would be appreciated by the family.
In Memory
Enclosed is a check covering a year’s subscription plus $10 in memory of my husband, John, who passed away on Dec. 1, 1991.
Look forward to the paper every week for all the interesting articles. Read with great interest the articles of the 1 iberation of Žiri by Anton Žakelj, also the Naša Pot special section. — Happy New Year!
Ann Lekan Parma, Ohio
In Memory
The Bergant Family of Cleveland donated $10.00 to the Ameriška Domovina in memory of Paul Bergant’s 5th anniversary of death.
In Memory
OF THE DEATH OF
Joseph Grdina
who died on January 12,1974
Missed by:
Sister: Antonia Mazi and Brother: Ivan Sons: Joseph and Anthony Daughters-in-Law: Mary and Betty Grandchildren - and Great-Grandchildren
In Memory
Enclosed is a check for one year’s subscription renewal plus a $20.00 donation in memory of my wife, Jane Kaplan.
Anthony Kaplan Warrensville Hts., Ohio
In Memory	5
Enclosed check is for $40.00. Subscription $30.00 plus $10.00 in memory of my parents, Martin and Mary Cermely.
Mary Cermely Rocky River, Ohio


' tv'
In Loving Memory of our dear Emma
Emma Cesen
entered into rest January 14, 1994
She had a smile, a pleasant way A helping hand to all she knew.
She was kind, patient, generous and true.
On earth she did her best, grant her, Jesus, heavenly rest.
Dear Emma, since you 've gone away.
The ones you loved so true Try hard to carry on the way we know you'd want us to.
Dear Emma, we miss you very much! Loving Husband — Frank Daughters:
Patricia Wilks Francine Žabkar Son-in-law: Brian
Grandchildren and Great-Grandchildren
Richmond Hts., Ohio Jan. 11, 1996.
In Loving Memory
Father
Grandfather
Great-Grandfather
THOMAS
POSTOTNIK
l>icd Ma> 21. 1956
Mother
Grandmother
Great-Grandmother
MARY
POSTOTNIK
died Jan. 5, 1946
Father
Grandfather
Great-Grandfather
JOHN S. PANGONIS
died Jan. 3. 1970
A silent thought, a secret tear, Keeps your memories ever dear.
Sadly missed by: CHILDREN, GRANDCHILDREN, AND GREAT, GREAT GRANDCHILDREN
Joe (Jože)
Zevnik
Licensed
Funeral
Director

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AMERIŠKA DOMOVINA, JANUARY 11, 1996
;l$KA DOMOVINA, JANUARY 11, 1996
6 Visiting the poultry industry of Mexico
By Stanley Sajnovlc, Jr. During an 18 month period starting in September, 1993, was fortunate to be one of 30 individuals who were able to take part in the Advanced Agricultural Leadership Program (AALP) sponsored by the University of Guelph; Ontario Federation of Agriculture; Foundation for Rural Living; and the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. As part of that program, I visited California and Mexico in | March, 1995.
< Mexico City is alleged to be the most polluted city on the face of the earth, with smog so thick at times you can’t see across the street. But that wasn’t the case the evening we arrived. From the plane, the city looked like the crown jewels nestled among the mountains. Even with a population of 20 million, we found the city sidewalks clean with well-watered vegetation that offered shade. However, smog was in evidence the day we left Mexico City a few days later.
We fully expected to see a mixture of a vacation paradise, filth, tequila, backward civilization, siestas and Montezuma’s revenge but the reality was hard working people, striving to overcome the corruption, deceit and the power of the rich. The system is improving although one wonders whether their education will be American or Mexican.
On the second day our group visited the ABESTOS Food Terminal — the focal point for the food moving into the city. The two hectare roofed area in a 34 hectare parcel of land was crowded with hand-powered carts holding every kind of fresh produce imaginable and the air was Filled with the aroma of sweet citrus, peppers and spices. But not even one forklift to be seen. According to the manager, this market serves
85.000	vendors and employs
335.000	people, although it’s difficult to see how that number can be accommodated even in 34 hectares.
The market is open 7 days a week and closes for only four hours daily — from 6 p.m. to 10 p.m. — presumably to remove the 900 tons of refuse that accumulates daily.
Personal Contact
Mexico does business by personal contact, not by order forms and fax machines. So leave your order books at home and be prepared for long business meals where the deals are made.
We left Mexico City to visit CYMMYT — one of 16 international	non-profit
agricultural research institutions located in the village of Texcoco. CYMMYT’s goal is to help third world countries become self sufficient in crop production and to develop plants that will withstand the challenges of disease, insects and drought.
Approximately 85% of plant research at CYMMYT was based on open pollination which allows third world countries to maintain biodiversity and farmers to reuse seed from their harvests.
Biotechnology is only just being implemented but will, it is hoped, speed up the development of strains with more desirable traits. One stumbling block to faster development is the computer sciences field — which is lagging drastically in Mexico.
Problem Areas
While visiting historic ruins and standing on top of the Pyramid of the Sun God, one could see for miles — including several clusters of chicken barns within a 15 km radius from a centrally located feed mill.
We were told that labor is cheap — but a problem nevertheless. Workers are not lazy or stupid but their logic and mine have some major differences. Water supply is a problem and the unreliable electricity supply costs 30 to 40% more than in Canada. Taxes are high and bureaucratic regulations are running wild — but open to “negotiation.”
Our group then visited the town of Jelotopec where we stayed with various host families. I stayed on a farm and thoroughly enjoyed the exchange of ideas, although communication was a problem. My hosts ran a general store in the village, had a 15 sow farrow to finish operation and a 10 cow dairy herd. The milk is used to make cheese and used for pizzas in Mexico City and the whey fed to the pigs.
But the main thrust of the farm is chicken growth in four barns of 35’ x 150’ each. Floors are of cement with a two foot high cement sidewall. The upper four feet of the “wall” is made of manually operated curtains. The roof is cement/asbestos tile — or metal clad. There’s no insulation and all feeding is done manually — although they hope to mechanize in the near future.
The chickens are grown under contract for 60 centavos (about 154 Canadian) per kg. Out of this the farmer pays for litter, heat, hydro, water and • labor costs.
I found biosecurity very good, no old feathers or manure outside, a strong smell of disinfectant and an incinerator in good working shape. The retail store chicken price was 8 pesos or Canadian: $2.13 per kg.
Environmental Concerns
One disturbing thing about our whole visit was the apparent lack of concern for the environment — not just by agriculture — but by all sectors. However, client countries are now starting to put pressure on Mexico to take more responsibility for the environment. Chiapas, one of Mexico’s southern states is in
turmoil because local Indians and peasant farmers have been neglected and abused for centuries. They are now demanding their rights and the resolution of the problem will not be quick or easy.
Fully 50 percent of Mexican population is under 17 years of age. A lot of attention is going into educating the next generation and creating jobs. The government has sold off crown corporations and NAFTA has opened the border. Labor rates and food costs are controlled to provide some stability.
If you intend to trade with Mexico, you must be realistic and learn to adapt to the Mexican way of doing business. Because many industrialized nations are prejudiced against Mexican products, believing them to be low quality, Mexican businesses recognize they must be super diligent and avoid quality problems.
This 18 month course has shown me that as the distance increases between agriculture and urban residents, the understanding between them decreaes. The result is an incorrect understanding of what agriculture does. This triggers legislation that makes our jobs as food producers tougher. Therefore, we must learn to promote the agricultural industry, its benefits as a good contributor to the national economy and to society as a whole; as well as being a good steward of the land base and protector of the environment.
We are sometimes caught up in the short term outlook at the expense of the long-term, which suffers and will affect us even more. Even though the maintenance of economic policy, trade rules, etc. must be attended to, we should not forget the long-term problem of the right to farm issue that may present an even greater challenge to the agricultural community than any challenge we are now facing.
Canada should be proud of its farmers, their abilities as good stewards of land and livestock. Farmers should be proud of their leadership in orderly marketing, the “Codes of Practice” for animal husbandry; “environmental farm plans”; animal health and health products courses; agri-food education; public relations courses on sensitive issues; and the realization that a proactive approach to problem solving is the only way to ensure that we will continue to succeed in a world that isn’t willing to support or understand agriculture.
But unless we continue to strive for better and more conscientious ways to produce and market our products we will be unable to maintain our global position in agriculture. So get involved because your livelihood as well as that of future generations of farmers may depend on it.
Stanley Sajnovic, Jr. is the son of Mr. and Mrs. Stan Sajnovic of Stanrika (turkey) Farms Limited in Orillia, Ontario.
The article is reprinted from “Canada Poultryman.”
Scientists have long credited the sea with absorbing the lion’s share of carbon dioxide emitted by burning fossil fuels.
Now trees have been granted equal credit. A study by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration reported in a recent issue of Science that trees and other plants in the northern hemisphere absorb about half the human-produced C02, playing an even more important role in balancing the greenhouse effect than previously suspected. The study was based on 6,000 air samples taken over land and sea throughout the world.
Oceans are known to absorb two forms of C02 about equally, €02 with carbon isotope 12 and isotope 13. Plants use more C02 with isotope 12.
Scientists studied the ratio of the isotopes in the air samples and were able to determine the
$25.00 donation
Best wishes from AMLA Lodge No. 14 for 1966. Lou Zigman, Secretary. (Enclosed was a check in the amount of $25.00. — Thank you very much to AMLA Lodge 14 for the generous donation.)
relative effects of oceans and plants on C02 concentrations. They concluded that plants perform just as much service as the sea in cleansing the air of C02.
Levels of CG2 are believed to be rising at a rate of about .4 percent per year based on measurements over the past two decades. Much of the increase is attributed to burning coal, oil and other fossil fuels and to the destruction and burning of forests.
—Arbor Day Foundation
Benefit raffle
St. Mary (Collinwood) parish will have a reverse raffle in the Collinwood Slovenian Home on Holmes Avenue on Saturday, Jan. 20. Music by Neal Jacobs. Donation for mainboard and dinner is $45, and dinner only is $15. For tickets, contact Tom McNulty (944-5766) or the rectory office.
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Sun, Surf, and Trees
Why were some Slovenes called ‘Winds?’
by Stephen Antalieh
Slovenija magazine In Lemont and Chicago, Illinois, they are called “Slovene.” In Cleveland, Ohio, they are called Slovene, and in Bridgeport, Connecticut, and other towns and cities in America they are all called “Slovene.” But in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, a local newspaper’s headline dated October 29, 1992, reads “St. Joe’s Festival Popular with Windish.”
The letterhead of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Bethlehem reads “St. John’s Windish Lutheran Church.” “Prvo Szlovenszko Bralovcsine Pomagajosce Društvo Vu Ameriki’’ is translated into English as “First Windish Fraternal Benefit Society of America.” The large social hall which hosts weddings and other social functions has large letters on its main door saying “Windish Hall.”
Why do these people who are truly Slovenian persist in calling themselves “Windish?”
I have undertaken the task of explaining this dilemma. It is a task which is not an academic exercise, it is not an historical study, nor is it a doctoral dissertation. It is a search done by someone who wants to know who he is, and I am that Person, and I am one of those who called himself Windish.” This ethnic error has made my task special, for I do not have the luxury to settle for anything but what is my truth, for this truth is also my identity.
Studies done by historians have come to different points
view, each arguing his or 'er accuracy. Other studies ave been done by linguists, ut they, too, can have vary-'n6 opinions. The third point °f view which has not been thoroughly studied is the Political, and this aspect of the Problem has been my goal, for 'n the totality of the historical, hnguistic, and political picture I have found my answer.
The first major question is ^hen and why did the ungarian government first tttjN the Slavs in the area of Vas cgye and Zala Megye who ^Poke a dialect similar to the ustrian Slavs, the present-
<M,y ^0ver>es, but the name of Wend.”
The Hungarian word prior 0 that time was “Tot,” a term ^ use dating back to 1100 f as 'n t^ie name Rabatot-■ a u (the village of the Slavs V the Raba River). Villages a through the area reflect the word “Tot.” The Germans equivalent was “Wend.” The same village of Rabatotfalu .Vvas called “Windischdorf” 'Vll|age of the Wends) by '^rman-speaking people, w he today road signs in the a[ea offer the name “Sloven-
^ a along with Rabatot-'alu.
To the best of my understanding and according |° Hungarian archives, the actul first appearance of the
word “Wend” in reference to the Slavic people of this region in any printed form was in 1627. Most Slavic peoples within Hungarian borders at that time were designated as “Tot.” The explanation for the origin of “Wend” as best 1 understand is that during the Counter Reformation, the only place where Evangelicals were allowed to freely practice their faith without persecution was in the area of Vas Megye and Zala Megye.
The bishop who visited the villages in these counties was so impressed with the religious freedom that he felt the need to differentiate these Tot from other Tots (Slavs) by borrowing the German “Wend” and adding it to “Tot,” giving us “Vendustot.” Historians today speak of the peoples living in this area prior to the arrival of the Magyars as “Wends.” The problem 1 have with this is how can a word first used in 1627 be used to describe peoples living in the region over six hundred years earlier.
The term “Wend” then appears to have been dormant for approximately 200 years. The next most notable use was in a publication by a Hungarian nobleman, Count Sigmond Szogyenyi, in the year 1828, writing about the minorities in the Kingdom of Hungary. There is quite a lengthy dissertation on the habits and customs of one minority called the “Vendustot” of the Vas Megye region. Approximately 10 years later there appeared the ABC Book, a hand-written dictionary for Vendus to Hungarian translations. Dated May 22, 1838, the book was written by Istvan Lulik and was probably intended to support the work of Count Szogyenyi.
One speculation as to why these publications appeared at that time may be connected to the serious nationalist movement among the Slavic people in the Duchy of Krain (Car-niola) of Austria. At around this period, the word “Slovenci” corresponding to our . present-day “Slovene” appeared for the first time, as well as the mention of a Slovene state.
It is documented by historians that literature which might inflame their Slavic (Slovene) brothers and sisters within Hungarian borders was prevented from crossing the border. It is also in this period that the Slovene language in the Carniola region was beginning to become standardized, and this coincided with the plan for the Magyarization of Prekmurje Slovenes, from “Slav” (Slovene) to “Wend” to “Magyar” (Hungarian).
The dialects within Vas Megye and Zala Megye had no need to develop, and consequently they remained static, borrowing from the Hungarian as the need arose. After one hundred years of non-growth, the Prekmurje dialect literally became
another language from that of the standardized Slovene language of Carniola.
There appears to have been no major use of the terms “Vendus” or “Vendustot” for approximately 100 years. The major reappearance of the terms coincided with the end of World War I and the need to set new borders. Hungary did not wish to lose the Prekmurje region, and the Hungarian government sub-mittted a major treatise prepared by Sandor Mikola to the Triple Entente which gave reasons why the lands occupied by the “Wends” in Hungary should remain in Hungary, language differences and ethnic considerations (Wends were not Slavs) being the major arguments.
The “Tot” portion of the word was dropped, and the case was made that the Wends were not related to the Slovenes. It is in this period that the process became most formal and intense. A priest was dispatched to America to attempt to undermine the Slovene ethnicity of the parishes of the cities of Bridgeport, Connecticut, and Bethlethem, Pennsylvania. His plan was exposed in Bridgeport by Rev. Golob, and he was ordered from the diocese by the local bishop. He then moved to Bethlehem, sequestered in a small hotel owned by an anti-Slovene/epro-“Wend” proprietor.
Here he was successful in destroying the Slovene priest in Bethlethm, Rev. A. Murn, through character assassination, since Rev. Murn had attempted to educate the people as to their true ethnic identity and give the church a Slovene character.
The Magyarization of the peasant immigrants was so powerful and complete that this Rev. Lorene Horvath, the Hungarian emissary of Sandor Mikola, was successful and the Catholic Church in Bethlehem became “Windish” again.
It is important to understand that these first American immigrants to Bethlehem left Hungary at the “Wend” stage of the Magyarization process, never having heard the word “Slovene” in their homeland. Reverend Lorene Horvath was astrongly assisted by both pastors of the churches in Bethlehem. Reverend C. Veren, the new pastor of the Roman Catholic St. Joseph’s Church, and Dr. E. Stiegler of St. John’s Windish Lutheran Church who actually assumed the title of “Secretary of all the Vendic Societies and Churches of America.”
Both pastors assisted in signing formal documents prepared with the assistance of the Hungarian government through Sandor Mikola and through the Reverend Lorene Horvath, his agent in America, stating that they and their people were “Wends” and had nothing to do with the new Yugoslav invaders.
These documents were sent
to the Paris Peace Conference and to the people of Prekmurje, urging thenm to stay in Hungary and continue being “Wends” since their American brothers and sisters were supporting them in their “time of need.”
The word “Wend” seemed to have disappeared from official Hungarian documents discussing minorities until the present. An official document of the Hungarian government National and Ethnic Minorities in Hungary, dated 1991 speaks of 13,000 Slovenes with no mention of any “Wends.” Apparently the “Wends” of 1918 had disappeared.
Recently, a group of Slovenespeaking Hungarians along the border with Slovenia has approached the Hungarian government claiming they are truly “Wends” and not Slovenians. Their true intent is not clear after discussions with them, but their insistence is real and strong.
Many have relatives living in Bethlehem, it must be remembered that 95% of the Slovenes in Bethlehem came from the Vas Megye (Prekmurje) region. Their request almost coincides with another political event, the formation of the Republic of Slovenia. This is the most current political use of the term “Wend.”
It is my opinion that the terms “Wend,” “Vendus,” and “Vendustol” hae always appeared as a political expedient rather than as an historical reality, the prominent years being 1627, 1828, 1918, and 1992, each year having some political need. Many sources connected our Prekmurje Slovenes to the Wends or Northern Slavs in the Saxony area of Germany. These people are actually I.Usatian Sorbs whose language is more closely related to the Northern Slavs than to the Southern Slavs or quote/unquote “Wends.”
A brief biography of two people who emigrated before 1918 is interesting. In 1911 at the age of eleven, little Theresa Domiter left her grandmother and younger sister in Szakonyfalu in Vas Megye, Hungary, to join her mother and father who had left six years earlier to make a new home in America. She spoke fluently both Hungarian and the Prekmurje/Slovene dialect.
At the age of 18 Stephen Analics left his mother and father and brothers in Ujolgys, also in Vas Megye, to go alone to America to begin a new life. Theresa’s home is still called Szakonyfalu and is still in Hungary, but Stephen’s home is now called Noršinci, which was in Yugoslavia and is now in Slovenia. This is a result of the partition of the Prekmurje region in the Treaty of Trianon which gave us today Prekmurje (Slovenia) and Poralje (Hungary). He too spoke Hungarian and the
Prekmurje/Slovene dialect fluently.
They both left Europe and never having heard their ethnicity as “Slovene.” They met and married in Bethlehem and from that first day in America until their deaths in 1987 and 1989 never called themselves Hungarian or Yugoslav, for they were always “Windish.” 1 am their son and was baptized, schooled, and have lived as “Windish.”
We suffered indignities for we were “dumb Windaks from Windasia” or “Windish people who didn’t have a country” or “Hungarians who stuttered.” Although they used the word “Slovenska” in their native tongue, it was always translated as “Windish” when writing or speaking English. No one could properly explain why they used “Windish,” for everyone said they had never heard of it. This was the fate of practically all of the first immigrants. They and their children still have no well-defined roots. The problem is real and current, and with the birth of our new national “homeland” it must be resolved.
The connection between the Hungarian government and the Slovenes of Bethlehem ceased with the finalization of the Hungarian-Yugoslav border.
Work is at hand to bring the “Windish” of Bethlehem into the Slovene family in America as well as to reunite them with the Slovenes of Europe.
There are plans underway to recognize Murska Sobota, Slovenia, and Bethlehem, PA as sister cities. The dissemination of documents, public meetings, and a general education process are underway.
The problem is great and real, for local newspapers as recently as 1992 still had banner headlines announcing “Windish Festival Turns Back Time.” The task is essential, and the record must be put right. It is a grave injustice that those many thousands of Slovenains who under extreme duress ventured to leave their homes as children and young adults to come to a foreign land without any sense of any ethnic pride subsequently suffered abuse for the lack of it.
Many had no desire or may have lost the desire to ever see their homeland again, for they were made to feel ashamed of it. They were good and giving people, and, above all, industrious, hard-working, uncomplaining good Americans.
But now we have solved the mystery. Since little Theresa and Stephen could never return to their home, we have brought their home to them: their son and their grandsons have buried with them soil from their Szakonyfalu and Lljtolgyes/NorSinci homes. Now 1 and my parents, our friends and their deceased parents, and all those who suffered can be at peace.
Thanks to Paul Barbarich for submitting this article.
AMERIŠKA DOMOVINA, JANUARY 11,1 996
AMERIŠKA DOMOVINA, JANUARY 11, 1996
8 Blatniks married 50 years
Charles and Wanda Blatnik of Eastlake, Chio celebrated their 50th wedding anniversary Dec. 1 at Mantel’s in Eastlake.
They were married on that date in 1945 at Immaculate Conception Church in Willoughby.
Blatnik is a U.S. Navy veteran of World War II. He was coowner of South Euclid Radiator and Ignition Co., retiring in 1984 after 21 years. His wife is a homemaker.
Their family includes Charles of Loveland, Jeff of Mentor, Paulette of Eastlake, Wendy of Willowick, David of Eastlake, Anita of Willoughby and the late Malcolm.
There are 21 grandchildren and two great-grandchildren.
Lovsin-Lewis
Wedding
Kimberly Rae Lewis married John Lovšin July 29 at Willoughby United Methodist Church in Willoughby. The Rev. Donald Shank officiated.
The bride is the daughter of Ken and Martha Kreger, 35823 Kilarney, Willoughby. The bridegroom is the son of Arline Lovšin, 1000 Cornell Court, Painesville, and the late John Lovšin.
Christine Meyer of Willoughby was maid of honor with bridesmaids, Joni Abplanalp of Willoughby and Ann Staley of Evanston, 111.
Andy Cargo of Aurora served as best man. Ushers were Jeff McDermott of Lakewood, Chester Karchef-sky of Mentor and Ken Kreger and Kevin Lewis, both of Willoughby, brothers of the bride.
A reception at Pine Ridge Country Club in Wickliffe honored the couple before a wedding trip to New England.
Mr. and Mrs. John Lovšin
They live in Euclid.
The bride is a 1987 graduate of Notre Dame Academy in Chardon, a 1992 graduate of Cleveland State University, and attends Lakeland Community College. She is employed by Reminger & Reminger Co., LPA in Cleveland. Her husband is a 1980 graduate of Mentor High School. He is employed by Merhar Insurance Agency in Willoughby .
Honoring Alice Opalich
Enclosed find a donation for printing press upkeep in honor of my dear friend’s birthday Jan. 1st, Alice Opalich.
Mary E. Gornik Euclid, Ohio
Get Well Wishes
Best wishes for a speedy recovery to Phil Hrvatin, who recently underwent minor surgery.
Phil is the saxophone player for the Joey Tomsick orchestra and can usually be seen at most Slovenian events.
Card Party
St. Vitus Christian Mothers 1 Club will hold a card party on • Sunday, Jan. 28 at 2 p.m. in j the St. Vitus Auditorium. Ad- J mission is $2.00. Please come 1 and support this group.
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Slovenian Workmen’s Home Auxiliary
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Recalling mother: Jennie Davidson
I thank God with all my heart for the life of my mother, Jennie Davidson. She was a role-model for me to emulate, a truly special lady, whose life was one of faith, courage, love, thrift combined with generosity, and hard work.
Mother did not have an easy life. She was the eldest of five children and when her immigrant, Slovenian parents died in the flu epidemic of 1918-19, she assumed the responsibility of raising her siblings, not wanting the family to be separated.
She was only 14-1/2. While others her age were enjoying a normal childhood she was raising children, cooking, cleaning, and doing all that keeping house and children entail, as well as managing the five pieces of property her parents acquired through hard work. I can’t imagine a fourteen-year-old today
assuming the role my mother undertook. She laid aside her needs to devote herself to her family.
1 am not saying that she didn’t enjoy happy times, too. She was very proud of her Slovenian heritage. She often said that as a young woman, she preferred dancing a Slove-man polka or waltz to eating.
utings in the country with ner special group of friends fought her pleasure. She and the other young women would prepare the food; an accordion player would play the Polkas and waltzes for dancing and a wholesome and en-Ja°yable time would be had by
Her faith was important to Mother. Much of her strength came from that faith. The
Lord was at work in her life as she reached out to her family n nends, giving herself to cir needs. She greatly enjoyed people and showing hospitality to them.
Mother was a good cook an let me help her prepare our family meals. From her 1 oeveloped my interest in and enjoyment of cooking and en^rta’ning guests.
other expected my Tn,hers and me to be a„®d'ent> respectful, honest ? hard-working. A cousin trjg .ares 'hat Mother always cl to d° things perfectly. m exPCcted my brother and I ° do our best. She was a
taskm8 but exacting,
, aster. She and my father ought us up during the l p,ression. They both worked rnv u^nd d'd without things so e . rother and 1 could have
tioSICI| *'VeS and better educa-^Pportun't'es than they
AH the roles my Mother t0fred during her life, she j Ser'ously- She was a lov-fri Sf,er’ w'^e’ mother, and a e.n ‘ She made friends easily shi de*'8bted in these friend-
ly *.n when she was 84 and ad been caring for her
‘ e r m i n -
ill sister until that sister’s ath, I suggested she come to
live in Michigan City. She was worn out from the many months my aunt had been ill, so she agreed to come. I had been concerned the move might be too difficult for her since she was older and had always lived m Cleveland. With amazing resiliency she adjusted, enjoying her apartment, the nourishing food she prepared, her family and friends she made. I was always pleased she liked to look nice and was enjoying life even commenting that she never had it so good.
After moving here, her allegiance shifted from the Cleveland Indians to the Chicago Cubs. She was an avid fan and reveled in the team’s wins. She found Notre Dame Church here to be a welcoming home in which to practice her faith. One of her greatest joys was her Thursday Rosarian bridge group. She often commented on how wonderful the women were to her and rejoiced when she thought she played her bridge hands well.
When she needed back surgery and could no longer fend for herself. Mother moved to my house. She always was so appreciative of anything 1 did for her. I felt her deep love for me and our family. She was an encourager often overlooking our shortcomings. I’ll miss her as a special “rooting” section.
In the last few years, Mother had to endure a Laminectomy, 2 hip and 2 cataract surgeries as well as arthritic pain and other ailments associated with old age. With courage she faced these setbacks. However, the last hip fracture drained all her strength. She was ready to join the Lord she loved all her years as well as the many special people in her life, who had gone before her. I was privileged to be with her when she took her last breath. She was at peace and I praise and thank God for that.
My-respect and love for my Mother have grown greatly in the years she had been in Michigan City. I am thankful 1 got to know her better. She has left me and my family a special legacy of love and devotion. I thank God for this beautiful person, Jennie Davidson. I’ll miss her beautiful blue eyes, her smile, her encouragement and her example, but she’ll live in my heart and in the hearts of those whose lives she touched.
Her daughter,
Laverne Hughes
In Memory
Hoping you all had a Merry Christmas and to all a Healthy and Happy 1996.
Enclosed is a check for my subscription renewal and a little donation of $10.00 in memory of my husband, Bernie.
Elsie Zalar Willowick, Ohio.
In Memory of W. Robert Dye
Sad News. Subscriber Marie Bombach Dye lost her beloved husband, W. Robert on the morning of Dec. 14. He had just put up their live tree the day before.
He literally waited on Marie hand and foot since her serious and nearly fatal illness three years ago. She will miss him drastically as will the family and the neighborhood because he was a friend to everyone. He was just 61.
His body was donated to Medical Science with no formal funeral, but he was eulogized at the church on the corner, Jerusalem Missionary Baptist Church — as he had made friends with the pastor and congregation even though they were not of the same denomination.
He was also a father and grandfather. May he rest in peace.
In Memory
Renew my subscription for one year and $20.00 in memory of my parents, John and Margaret Jamnik.
Frank Jamnik Euclid, Ohio
Holy Name Benefit
St. Mary (Collinwood) Holy Name Society is sponsoring a benefit reverse raffle on Saturday, Feb. 3 at the Collinwood Slovenian Home.
Doors open at 6 p.m. with dinner served at 8. Joey Tom-sick Orchestra will play after the raffle.
Tickets are $40 for the main-board and $20 for extra dinner tickets.
For tickets please call Bill Kozak (541-4034), Ed Kocin (451-6792), Lou Koenig (481-0800), Tony Miklich (692-0315), or Frank Zernic at (486-6157).
In Loving Memory
Of the Sixth Anniversary of the death of Our Beloved Sister, Aunt and Great-Aunt
June Jean Ambrosic
God looked upon His garden and found an empty place. Then He looked down upon His earth and saw her smiling face. He put His arm around her and lifted her to rest. God’s garden is beautiful, because He has the very best. Though her smile is gone forever, and her hand we cannot touch; We will always have sweet memories of the one we loved so much. Deeply loved and missed Angela and Josephine Ambrosic — sisters Frank — brother Olga — sister-in-law (dec.)
Joseph — brother Josephine — sister-in-law
nephews and nieces
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A RETIREMENT COMMUNITY
25900 Euclid Avenue Euclid, OH 44132
261-8383
Independent and Catered Living
•	Private garden apartments
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Call us today for a lunch and tour
Father
Grandfather
Great-Grandfather
Ignatius
Died July 8, 1985
In Loving Memory
Mother
Grandmother
Great-Grandmolher
Mary
Died Dec. 30, 1980
Brother
Uncle
Stanley
Died June 26, 1944
ZUPANČIČ
A silent thought, a secret tear, Keeps your memories ever dear Sadly missed by Sons Henry and Frank Daughter-in-law Mary Grandchildren and Great-Grandchildren
AMERIŠKA DOMOVINA, JANUARY 11, 1996
AMERIŠKA DOMOVINA, JANUARY 11, 1996
10 St. Clair Pensioners News
Greetings and a Blessed, Healthy and Happy New Year to ALL as we begin this new year of 1996.
In my last article (Dec., 1995), I promised to give you a report on our Christmas Dinner held Dec. 14. All arrangements were handled by our planning chairman, Edward Karnak, and his committee. They did a great job. Thank you.
The dinner prepared by Milka Krulc was tasty, “Finger lickin’ Good” and plenty. Excellent. Couldn’t be better. I heard only compliments after the meal.
Music throughout the afternoon was provided by Joseph Zgonc, Anthony Baznik, and Frank Rich on accordions, and Adolph Kapla on harmonica.
Besides a split-the-pot drawing we had a door prize drawing. A goodly number of nice prizes were donated by various members. Anthony Brodnik again donated three lovely clocks. We appreciate your generosity and thank each of you who contributed.
Our invited guests were Father Victor Tome, Father Victor Cimperman, and Father Joseph Božnar.
Of course there was no lack of socializing throughout the afternoon. Glancing about the area, I saw only happy, smiling faces which in itself told me that all were having a good time; concluding proof that the Annual Christmas Dinner was a success. If you were not there, it was because you are not a member of the St. Clair Pensioners Club.
If you recall, in December I told you that in 1995 death had dealt us a heavy blow, the count was 17. So near to the end of the year, surely there would be no more. But... news came that on Christmas Day member Ann Mack had a heart attack and was hospitalized. First shock. The doctors concluded that bypass surgery would be required and planned to perform it the following week. Progress reports later indicated that it could not be delayed and scheduled the surgery for that day, the afternoon of Saturday, Dec. 30th.
The surgery was reported successful and Ann was in recovery. But it was not to be. Late that afternoon, we were shocked and stunned to hear the news of Ann’s death. How could it be? Evidently the strain was too much.
Ann was very active in our Club, and also belonged to a number of other groups and organizations. She .will be sorely missed. Our deepest condolences to the members of her family. May she rest in peace.
A nd so ended our / 995 year Let Us Begin 1996 On A Happy Note:
OnJanuary 1st, member Mary Jeraj celebrated her 90th birthday. For the last eight years she has been a resident of the Neff Road Slovenian
Home for the Aged. We say — Congratulations, Mary!
Mary decided that it was time to celebrate the occasion with a special party with her relatives and many friends. So she set her sister Josephine to work in assisting her in her plans for the celebration. And so, on Sunday, January 7th, some 150 invited guests gathered at Sterle’s Country House restaurant for a great celebration.
Although Mary is confined to a wheel chair, she was positioned near the entranceway, ready to greet her guests. Mary was beautifully dressed — a princess for the day! Her face radiantly beaming with pleasure as she welcomed us and graciously accepted our congratulations.
After we feasted on the delicious food, Josephine Smith, Mary’s sister, gave us an interesting resume of Mary’s life. During the course of her talk, she intermittently introduced the various relatives and others. Incidentally, Mary at one time, was president of our Pensioners Club.
Time passed quickly, and soon it was time to sing Happy Birthday and cut the lovely birthday cake. Mary had requested that no gifts be given her. The unique part of this party was this... during her lifetime, Mary has accumulated a number of treasured items, which also included some of her own handiwork. For this occasion, a number of these items were gift wrapped. Each guests had been given a numbered ticket. A drawing was held and each winner was awarded one of the gift-wrapped treasures. Truly a wonderful gesture on Mary’s part.
Mary, I thank you for inviting me to this wonderful gathering. May our dear Lord shower His Blessings upon you. And as the days and years roll by, may you with great pleasure relive the memories of this, YOUR SPECIAL DAY.
In case you haven’t heard, the St. Clair Slovenian National Home is holding a dance this coming Saturday, January 13. It will be held in the St. Clair auditorium hall. The music will be furnished by the popular Joe Fedorchak Orchestra. The admission is only $6.00. Secured parking is provided in the parking lots at the rear of the building.
Our member Mary Turk has been experiencing some health problems, was hospitalized, and is now at the Gateway Manor Health Center. The address for your card to her is: Gataeway Health Center, Room 209, Bed 1, 3 Gateway Dr., Euclid, OH 44119. Address your envelope to Mary J. Turk since there is another Mary Turk there. Mary, get well soon. We miss seeing you here in the St. Clair area.
I have no further current news on the status of our other ailing members. Hopefully
there are some improvements. Keep your get-well cards coming to them.
Our coming meeting date is Thursday, January 18th at 1 p.m. in the Eddie Kenik Room of the SNH. See you there.
—Stanley J. Frank
**************
DID YOU KNOW
SlOVCIt Id.. .	Joicph Mle
*****************
For the 30th anniversary, of Draga the Society of Slovenian Intellectuals of Terst published Svobodni mikrofoni Drage. In it is discussed the annual meeting of intellectuals in the Village of Draga during September.
What is thought to be the oldest church bell in Slovenia is located in the church at Šent Jošt going back to 1350. The church itself dates from 900 A.D.
Humar Press has published Prof. Jofcko Šavlij’s book, SLOVENIJA podoba evropskega naroda (Slovenia - Portrait of a European Nation). Prof. Šavlij is one of the originators of the Venetian theory of Slovenian origins.
Barbara Pustol'emsek of Mežica celebrated her 100th birthday on Dec. 4th, Happy birthday!
When in Ljubljana you will be able to tune in Slovenia’s newest television station, Channel
3.
In 1644 the first Slovenian crib was exhibited in St. Jacob’s Church, Ljubljana. It is considered the oldest in the country.
Mojca Suhadolc, a 20-year old skier is ranked 7th in the world championships being held in Val dTsere, France. Suhadolc hails from Vrhnika and placed second behind Martina Ertl of Germany. Our congratulations!
This year’s winner of the title Young Musician of ‘95 was awarded to Ambrož Čopi. He comes from Bovca and has been studying composition under Prof. Dan Škerl.
According to Slovenec, there were 2,906 books published That was 19.1% more than in 1994.
Mr. Victor Tominc has been recommending very highly the
newly published book. Prva vaška straža v Sloveniji -Šentjošt 1941-1943 (The First Village Guard in Slovenia -Šentjošt 1941-1943). Two names are listed as authors: Marta Kavčic-Keršič and Marta-Mil6na Kavčič. The book is highly recommended for background of the Communist revolution during and after World War II in Slovenia.
First Chinese restaurant has been opened in Novo Mčsto. It seats 88 patrons and is called Metropol. Moreover 2 Chinese cooks noted for their Chinese cuisine were brought in to make the restaurant full authentic.
This year is the 200th anniversary of the death of Anton Tomaž Linhart. He was a Slovenian dramatist and cultural worker. He was the author of the comedy Županova Micka and (This Happy Day or Matichek is getting married). Ta viseli dan ali Matiček se zini. He was bom 239 years ago in Radovljice.
Three Slovenian programs were presented on Community Television Channel 31 in Melbourne, Australia early in De-
cember. One of these programs featured t’ e Štajerski Sedem ensemble.

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Annual percentage yield (APY) assumes ail interest remains on dapostl for the lull term. Substantial penalty may be imposed for early withdrawal Offer subject to change without notice-Fees may reduce earnings on retirement accounts. Business or brokered accounts not eligible APY accurate as of January 3. 1996

**************
Joseph Zelle
DID YOU KNOW
Slovenia...
*****************
Slovenian sports reporters selected the two outstanding sports figures in Slovenia for 1995. They ^re Brigita Bukovec and Iztok Cop. Bukovec was chosen over Britta Bilac, and Špela Pretnar. Among the men candidates there were Jure Košir and Gregor Cankar.
Litija celebrated its 110th anniversary with a special program prepared in the public library. The reading room had been planned by Germans back in 1880. Then in 1885 the Slovens founded the school Society of Saints Cyril and Methodius. We extend our congratulations to the citizens of Litija on this special occasion. And many more years!
Slovenia has thus far paid $130,000,000 to the Dresden Bank in Luxembourg as its part of debts from old Jugoslavia. Last November it also paid out almost $21.500,000 as its part in the settlement of old Jugoslavia’s indebtedness to Italy.
At an international exhibit in Brasschaa near Antwerp. Belgium, Slovenian Christmas cribs were on exhibition. They were brought in from Kostanjevica and another from Krka.
After 32 years the faithful of Terst were blessed with a Slovenian ordained as a priest. The ordination took place in the Cathedral of Saint Just. Bishop Lorenzo Bellomi ordained Maks uard on Dec. 7. Our congratu-ations and God’s blessing on Rev. Maks Suard!
Events
Saturday, Jan. 13
Ball Room Dance, Slovenian National Home, 6417 St.
Sr Sr7 ,o u P'm‘ jo=
Fedorchak, Lake Erie Budon °X. Old Homesteaders will provide the music.
Sunday, Jan. 14
o, nee at 4 p.m., West Park ovene Home, 4583 W. 130
Orcad^*eVe*anC* ^us'c ^
Friday, Jan. 19
Ltance at West Park Slovene »orne, 4583 W. 130 St.,
cZe^d'1:30p-mM^by
Ball
Fr'day, Jan. 26
Park si00"1 Dance at West Hn c0Vene Home- 4583 W.
MiKSt'u Cleveland. 7:30 p.m. US1C by Ken Zagar.
Saturday, Nov. 2
Glasbena Matica Concert, ■Novenian National Home.
Slovenian School Swiss Steak Dinner
Sc Mary’s Slovenian (p 0c4’ 15519 Holmes Ave., ollinwood) will be serving a /^"y-styie pork chop and ,1Ss steak dinner in the ,C °0' cafeteria on Sunday, aa; 21 from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. 'ckets are $10 for adults ancl $4.00 for children and 111 ay be purchased in the rec-ory office or from the parents 0 Sl°venian School students.
Generous Donation
With Best Wishes for your Happiness in the New Year.
Enclosed is $30.00 for the subscription and $70.00 as a donation for the Ameriška Domovina.
Frank and Ivanka Kogovšek Willoughby Hills, Ohio
(Thank you very much for your very generous donation to two wonderful people who are very dedicated and hardworking for many worthwhile Slovenian causes.)
Enjoys paper
We enjoy the paper very much.
Bob & Vera Osolin Port Charlotte, FL
'V88

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AMERIŠKA DOMOVINA (USPS 024100) Thursday, January 11,1 996
Vesti iz Slovenije
Iz Clevelanda in okolice
V letu 1995 stopnja inflacije v Sloveniji znižana na 8,6 odstotka — Letos še nižja Turizem prinesel več kot milijardo dolarjev
Po podatkih, ki jih je konec decembra objavil Statistični urad Republike Slovenije, je znašala inflacija za celo leto 1995 8,6 odstotka. To je najnižja stopnja, odkar je Slovenija postala neodvisna država. Podatki kažejo, da so bile cene življenjskih potrebščin v 1. 1995 višje za 9 odstotkov. Vlada baje želi, da bi bila inflacija v 1996 še nižja in sicer 6-odstotna. Pričakovati je, da si bo vlada prizadevala za tak napredek, ker bodo proti koncu leta splošne parlamentarne volitve. Kljub zmernemu gospodarskemu napredku, je še vedno res, da je v Sloveniji še vedno več kot 120.000 brezposelnih.
Lani je turizem prinesel Sloveniji več kot milijardo dolarjev dohodka. V tem oziru je tudi ta gospodarska panoga dosegla svoj najboljši rezultat od proglasitve slovenske neodvisnosti. Turistični delavci pa so bili kljub vsemu nezadovoljni nad sorazmerno nizko zasedenostjo hotelov, saj so le-ti bili zasedeni v povprečju le 38-odstotno. Najbolj uspešni v tem oziru so bili v Šmarjeških Toplicah (81-odstotna zasedenost).
Slovenski parlament je lani sprejel resolucijo o turizmu. Ta napoveduje, da bo v vsej državi ob koncu tisočletja kar 20.000 novih ležišč, letni turistični promet bo okoli 6 milijonov gostov, od tega bo 12 milijonov Prenočitev, devizni priliv pa naj bi znašal 3,5 milijarde dolarjev.
Predsednik Milan Kučan in predsednik via dr. Janez Drnovšek ob pričetku leta 19?
v* • V Nnrletni poslanici je predsednik S
vemje Milan Kučan dejal, da je bilo v 1, 995 veliko dobrega. Pripomnil pa je: »2 dovoljstvo so nam grenile izgubljene prih nosti, ki so jih izničili brezplodni polith Prepiri in razprtije. Kajti posledice nosil si- lako kot smo prizadeti, če trpi človel vo dostojanstvo ali pravni red, če verolom trgovci s človeškimi dušami ali krivi prerc o ivajo na veljavi. Kot da vsega tega ni b preveč že v naši preteklosti.« Nanizal je Vfvi0 pr'^a*covanj> ki da niso bila izpolnjer }> bolj domišljene socialne varnosti, c
pravljanja socialnih krivic, od širitve možnosti za šolanje in delo ter večjega razumevanja za težave mladih družin do skupne skrbi za naše manjšine, urejenih stikov s sosednjimi državami, pravičnega nasledstva za nekdanjo skupno državo in ustrezne usmeritve v evropske združevalne procese. Skupaj bomo to zmogli, si naredili življenje v državi bolj prijazno in spodbudno za današnje rodove in za tiste, ki prihajajo.«
V svoji poslanici je bil splošno pozitiven tudi premier dr. Janez Drnovšek. Tudi Drnovšek pa je omenil razgreto politično vzdušje, razhajanja in nestrpnosti. Zapisal je med drugim: »Na pragu volilnega leta nas vse čakajo novi izzivi, s katerimi se bomo spopadli tem lažje, kolikor bolj bomo prepričani v temeljno, državotvorno in demokratično soglasje državljanov in v njihovo sposobnost, da v strpnem dialogu prispevajo k reševanju nesoglasij.
Pri tem nas lahko opogumlja ugotovitev, da državljani danes, po petih letih, z nezmanjšanim zaupanjem gledajo na svojo državo, in da jih v njej že zdaj precejšnja večina uresničuje svoja osebna, poklicna in življenjska nagnjenja z občutkom zadovoljstva in zadoščenja.«
Predstavniki opozicijskih političnih strank so bili bolj negativni do domnevnih uspehov, ki naj bi jih vladna koalicija v letu 1995 dosegla, posebno na zunanjepolitičnem področju, a tudi glede notranje politike in gospodarstva. Vse stranke in politična gibanja oziroma interesne skupine, tako v poziciji kot v opoziciji, se že vneto pripravljajo na letošnje volitve, ki bodo predvidoma oktobra ali novembra, najkasneje pa do decembra.
Umrla skladatelj Marijan Lipovšek in pesnik ter prevajalec Lojze Krakar
Zadnji teden prejšnjega leta je Slovenija izgubila dva zelo znana kulturna delavca. V Ljubljani je v 86. letu starosti umrl skladatelj Marijan Lipovšek, ki je bil nestor slovenske resne glasbe in mentor številnih glasbenih generacij. Umrl je tudi 69-letni pesnik in prevajalec Lojze Krakar, ki je bil 28. decembra pokopan v rodnem Semiču.
Vsaki novoletni dan praznuje Cerkev kot svetovni dan miru. Za letošnje leto je papež Janez Pavel II. pripravil poslanico z naslovom Dajmo otrokom prihodnost miru. Poslanica je bila prevedena tudi v slovenščino in je bila predstavljena javnosti 28. decembra. Na fotografiji sta nadškof dr. Alojzij Šuštar in papeški nuncij v Sloveniji nadškof msgr. Edmond Farhat. Papež je zapisal: »Zagotavljati prihodnost miru je sveta pravica otrok in velika odgovornost odraslih.« Temelje letošnje poslanice so v tem, da so otroci vsega sveta žrtve, da so otroci razlog upanja za človeško in da je Jezus Kristus vzornik miru in razlog za upanje.	(Slovenec, 29.12.1995)
MZA vabi—
Misijonska Znamkarska Akcija vabi to nedeljo pop. ob 2h v cerkev Marije Vnebovzete na litanije Matere božje z blagoslovom, nato v šolsko dvorano na sestanek, združen z božičnico. Sodelavci in prijatelji misijonov iskreno vabljeni v cerkev in dvorano. Kosilo—
Kosilo Slovenske šole pri Mariji Vnebovzeti bo v nedeljo, 21. januarja, od 11. do L pop. v šolski dvorani. Postregli bodo s svinjskimi zarebrnicami in govejimi zrezki v omaki. Nakaznice za kosilo so po $10 za odrasle in $4 za otroke. Dobite jih lahko v župnišču ali pri starših učencev.
Pustna zabava—
Dramatsko društvo Lilija vabi v soboto, 17. feb., na svojo tradicionalno pustno zabavo z večerjo in plesom v Slov. domu na Holmes Ave. Vstopnice so po $15, zanje kličite F. Gaserja na 381-2602 ali M. Zalar na 943-3844. Orkester Staneta Mejača bo igral za ples.
Novi grobovi
Frank J. Zak
Dne 9. januarja je v University bolnišnici po kratki bolezni umrl 77 let stari Frank J. Zak, rojen v Clevelandu, zadnjih 40 let živeč v Euclidu, mož Vide, roj. Kapel, oče Franka, Anite Zak in Mary Beth Filippo, 5-krat stari oče, brat Josepha in Mary Zimmerman, zet Ivanke (Jennie) Kapel, zaposlen pri Production Machinery v Mentorju od 1965 do upokojitve 1. 1992, zadnja 3 leta pa honorarno kot svetovalec, pred tem pa 20 let pri Ween Equipment, v mlajših letih profesionalni igralec baseballa za ekipe v lasti Boston Red Sox (t.i. Triple A liga), član ADZ št. 45 in SNPJ št. 147. Pogreb bo jutri, 12. jan., zj. ob 8.45, v cerkev Marije Vnebovzete ob 9.30 in od tam na pokopališče Vernih duš. Ure kropljenja bodo danes od 2. do 9. zv. Družina bo hvaležna za darove v pokojnikov spomin St. Mary Church Endowment Fund, 15519 Holmes Ave., Cleveland, OH 44110 ali Slovenian Workmen’s Home, 15335 Waterloo Rd., Cleveland, OH 44110.
Dolores Cetinsky
Dne 7. januarja je umrla 62 let stara Dolores Cetinsky z Euclida, rojena Mihelick v Clevelandu, žena Charlesa, mati Charlesa ml. (že pok.), Connie, Steve-a in Nicka, hčerka Johna in Rose (r. Urankar) Mihelick (oba že pok.), sestra Johna, članica SŽZ št. 50 in Kluba upokojencev na
(dalje na str. 20)
»Pristavska noč«—
Odbor Slovenske pristave prireja svojo tradicionalno Pristavsko noč in sicer v soboto, 27. januarja zvečer ob 6.30 v Slov. narodnem domu na St. Clair. Servirana bo dobra večerja, za ples bo igral Alpski sekstet. Za vstopnice, pokličite Maryann Vogel na 383-9307. Odbor SP ob tej priložnosti želi vsem članom in prijateljem SP srečno in zadovoljno leto 1996.
Krofi in rezanci—
Oltarno društvo fare sv. Vida ima prodajo krofov to soboto, 13. jan., in sicer od 8h zj. dalje v društveni sobi. Na voljo bodo tudi domači rezanci. Pridite in pokupite!
Izredna podpora—
Zdravnik dr. Joseph Meršol, North Lima, Ohio, je daroval $220 v podporo našemu listu. Za res izredno naklonjenost in priznanje se mu prisrčno zahvalimo.
»Slovenska hiša« v Atlanti—
Dne 23. januarja bodo v mestu Atlanta, Ga., kjer bodo letošnje poletne olimpijske igre, odprli »Slovensko hišo« in sicer kot promocijo za Slovenijo. Iz Atlante nas je o tem obvestil Louis Lobe, sin pok. Hinkota in Berthe Lobe, ki je poslovnež v tem mestu in tudi sodeluje kot lokalni zastopnik za slovensko olimpijsko ekipo. Ker bo ta predstavitev prva te vrste, pričakujejo veliko publicitete. Upajo, da bo lahko prišel v Atlanto za to priliko tudi 97-letni Leon Štukelj, najstarejši živeči bivški olimpijec, vendar bo to odvisno od nasveta njegovega zdravnika. G. Lobe je dodal, da bo skrbel za to, da bo naš list sproti obveščen o dogajanjih v zvezi s slovensko udeležbo na letošnjih olimpijskih igrah.
Krivdo priznal—
Kot ste gotovo brali na prvi strani, je svojo krivdo pri umoru 23. oktobra 1994 rojakinje Marije Mrva priznal 20-letni Robert Tenney iz Clevelanda. S priznanjem krivde se je Tenney izognil verjetni smrtni obsodbi. Pričal bo zoper svoje pajdaše-sodelavce v tem gnusnem zločinu. Policiji je vzelo polnih devet mesecev, da so storilcem prišli na sled. Ga. Mrva je živela na E. 64 St. in je bila stara 85 let.
Prodaja peciva—
Oltarno društvo fare Marije Vnebovzete bo imelo prodajo krofov in peciva v soboto, 20. jan., od 9h dop. dalje, v šolski dvorani.
Zanimivi podatki—
Zadnji farni buletin župnije sv. Vida poroča, da je bilo lani v fari 23 krstov, 8 prvih sv. obhajil, 29 birm, 12 porok in 55 smrti,
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No. 2 Thursday, January 1 1, 1996
CLEVELAND, O. - Je že mimo ta lepa božična doba, vendar nam bo ostala v lepem spominu. Na sveti večer smo med petjem božičnih pesmi pričakali polnoč v naše cerkve sv. Marije Vnebovzete. V temi, ob pesmi Sveta noč, so prihajali mali otroci iz Slovenske šole, kot angelci z lučkami v rokah, zadnja pa je nesla Jezuščka za v jaslice. Ob Slavi je zasijala cerkev v vsej svoji lepoti. Med tem so nam misli hitele: Koliko lepote nas še v nebesih čaka.
Lepo je bilo tudi pri deseti sv. maši, ko smo vsi v cerkvi skupaj prepele litanije Matere božje in prejeli blagoslov. Ves teden smo prepevali le božične pesmi, saj jih znamo veliko. Tudi praznik sv. Družine in Novo leto smo lepo preživeli ter si iskreno želeli vse dobro za nastopajoče leto.
Zadnja nedelja pa je bila zopet nedelja Oltarnega društva. Skupno smo pri sv. maši prosile blagoslova, saj bo v mesecu maju že 80 let naše društvo izpolnilo, osemdeset let dela v
duhovno in gmotno pomoč naši župniji. Popoldne smo prepevale pete litanije in prejele blagoslov Nato smo se podale v šolsko dvorano k sestanku, volitvi odbora in božičnici.
Kar lepo število se nas je zbralo. Pri volitvah je sprejela delo blagajničarke Pavla Hauptman, ki ima tel. št. 481-1871, ker se je dosedanja blagajničarka Cilka Tominc radi zdravja umaknila. Ves ostali odbor je ostal. Nato smo še malo pokramljale ob kavi ali čaju ter pecivu.
Kar lepo število naših žena in deklet je članic našega Oltarnega društva, a je še veliko onih, ki niso. Za 80. obletnico v mesecu maju bomo imele zopet sprejem novih članic ter Vas, drage faranke, lepo vabimo, da se pridružite. Priglasite se pri odbornicah. Lahko pa tudi pokličete našo voditeljico Ivanko Kete na 681-0813, ali pa tudi podpisano. Vsake nove priglašenke bomo zelo vesele.
Vsem želim prav lepe zimske dni in večere!
Lavriševa
JANEZ GRIL	Sposojeni komentar
Se bodo napadi na Cerkev nadaljevali tudi letos?
Ob božičnih in novoletnih praznikih si ljudje v družini in med prijatelji izmenjamo voščila in darila. Cim bližje nam je nekdo in čim več nam pomeni, s toliko večjo toplino in pozornostjo izrečemo želje za srečo, veselje, zdravje, mir in vse dobro.
Voščil in dobrih želja si ne izmenjujejo ljudje in ustanove, ki nimajo ali mislijo, da nimajo ničesar skupnega, in ki ne želijo sodelovati niti v prihodnje. Lepe manire pa jim narekujejo, da v takšnem primeru drugega vsaj ne žalijo, če mu že ne morejo ali nočejo povedati ali narediti kaj lepega in dobrega...
K temu razmisleku meje spodbudila prijateljeva opomba v božičnem voščilu. Pripisal je, da se zgraža nad slovensko politiko, ki je Cerkvi »poklonila čudna darila: zakon o moratoriju, razdejano cerkev sv. Jožefa in samostan, poln strank, ki jih ne boste spravili ven pol stoletja. Kdo bi si mislil, da vas bodo tako obdarili...«.
Znančeva opomba drži. Se več, že kar nekaj časa je čutiti, da del političnih sil načrtno nasprotuje Cerkvi in jo stalno grobo napada. Pri tem izstopajo ljudje, ki so bili v prejšnjem totalitarnem sistemu na vodilnih položajih ali pa so po ukazih partije in udbe opravljali najbolj umazana dela, ko so zalezovanje in ovajanje ljudi.
V zadnjem času sta veliko prahu in tudi mednarodnih odmevov dvignila zakon o moratoriju na vračanje krivično odvzete cerkvene lastnine in pomanjkljivo obvestilo vlade ter ministrstva za kulturo o zapletu pri vračilu Duhovnega središča sv. Jožefa.
Državni zbor je sprejel Zakqn o začasnem, delnem zadržanju vračanja premoženja, ki se nanaša tudi na Cerkev, kadar ta »zahteva vrnitev nad 200 ha kmetijskih zemljišč in gozdov«. Ker je cerkvenih ustanov, ki so jim bile odvzete takšne ali večje površine, kar precej, jim je vlada s tem zakonom, namesto da bi krivice popravila, naredila nove. Stranke — ZLSD, LDS in SNS — »ki so novi zakon predlagale in ga v parlamentu tudi sprejele, so s tem dejanjem dokazale, da jim ni do poprave krivic in nove ureditve odnosov med Cerkvijo in državo,« je bilo zapisano v Izjavi za javnost Tiskovnega urada SSK. Na preizkušnji so tudi vladne službe. Pričakujemo, da bodo vrnile vsaj nacionalizirane stavbe in zemljišča do 200 ha velikosti!
Podobno velja tudi v primeru Duhovnega središča sv. Jožefa v Ljubljani. Vloga za vrnitev nacionalizirane cerkve in pripadajočih stavb je več let ležala v predalu. Sele 5. julija letos je bilo napisano Pismo o dobrih namenih. V njem seje Ministrstvo za kulturo zavezalo, da »dokonča denacionalizacijski postopek in sprejme sklep o vrnitvi poslopja cerkve Sv. Jožefa in sosednjega Jezuitskega samostana... v naravi v last in posest upravičencu«. Na prvi obravnavi 9. novembra je isto ministrstvo obljubilo, da bo »storilo vse potrebno za izselitev najemnikov«.
Svojo obljubo je uresničilo le delno: izpraznilo je samo cerkev, »ni pa izpolnilo celotne obveze za izpraznitev samostana«. Vlada je kljub temu hotela izdati delno odločbo »zgolj za vrnitev sakralnega objekta«. Cerkvena Stranje temu nasprotovala in vztrajala pri prvotnem dogovoru. Upravni organ je dal
Studia Slovenica se zanima za časopise
Sledi del pisma, ki ga je bil dr. Janez Arnež naslovil na g. Franka Šego 13. decembra lani. G. Sega je pričujoči tekst izročil temu listu v objavo, v slučaju, da bi mogli naši bralci pomagati dr. Arnežu pri zbiranju gradiva za arhiv Studia Slovenica:
Iskrena hvala za Vašo ljubeznivost in pošiljanje AD in AS. Vesel sem tudi vseh dodatkov (vabil, brošur, programov).
Doslej sem uredil Amerikan-skega Slovenca in videl, da imam samo za leta od 1969 do 1994 kompletno zbirko, manjka pa mi številka 12 leta 1993. Pred letom 1965 pa imam le malo številk.
1968: manjkata mi številki 1 in 50
1967: manjkata številki 47 in 48
1966: manjkajo številke 23, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 47
1965: številke 1 skozi 9 in 48 * V
Z žalostjo sem bral v AD, da sta umrla dva zelo dobra človeka in prijatelja Rozman in Košir. Oba sem imel zelo rad in sta bila vedno pripravljena pomagati. Z njima sem se srečaval v Baragovem domu. Rozman je tudi med tednom prišel h jutranji maši. Gotovo sta sedaj oba srečna in vesela; zaslužila sta si krščansko večnost, saj sta res krščansko živela.
Vesel sem tudi, da mi pošiljate Our Voice. Nažalost imam samo dva popolna letnika: 1994 in 1986. Ostali letniki so nepopolni:
1993 manjkajo: 2, 4, 7, 8, 13
1992: 7, 19
1991: 8, 15, 20
1990: 1, 4, 10, 13, 15, 16
1989: 7, 22, 23
1988: 13, 18
1987: 19
1985: 19
1984: 14, 16
1983: 1, 3, 4, 13, 15
prav cerkveni strani in sprejel sklep, s katerim se vladni predlog »po izdaji delne odločbe za vračilo cerkvenega objekta..., zavrne«.
Cerkvena stran je zato predlagala, naj se pogajanja nadaljujejo. Predstavnik ministrstva za kulturo je Cerkev obtožil, da je le dva dni pred vrnitvijo zahtevala izpolnitev novih pogojev.
V časopisju je začel objavljati zgodbe o domobranski postojanki v cerkvi sv. Jožefa v času 2. svetovne vojne in revolucije. Pozabil pa je na krivično odvzetje cerkve in drugih stavb in njihovo več kot 40-letno uporabo v povsem druge namene, opustošenje in zanikrno vzdrževanje, ki traja do današnjih dni...
Kljub takšnim in podobnim »božičnim in novoletnim darilom« si bo Cerkev še naprej prizadevala za odkrit in pošten dialog na vseh ravneh, za mirno in strpno reševanje vseh nerazrešenih vprašanj in za takšno mesto v slovenski družbi in narodu, ki ji bo omogočalo izvrševanje njenega temeljnega verskega in moralnega poslanstva. V dobro vseh ljudi in upanja polne prihodnosti za vse že tu na zemlji in v večnosti v nebesih. Le za to gre Cerkvi in za nič drugega!
Temu svojemu poslanstvu se Cerkev ne bo nikoli odpovedala, tudi za ceno največjih žrtev ne. O tem zgovorno pričajo svetniki in svetnice, mučenci in mučenke v vsej njeni zgodovini. Tudi slovenski mučenci in mučenke iz časa krvave revolucije in po njej. Napadi na Cerkev — strankarska ali drugi — so časni in začasni, Kristusova Cerkev je večna. To bo Slovencem povedal tudi papež Janez Pavel II., ko nas bo letos obiskal, da bi nas potrdil v veri.	Družina, 7.1.1996
Za letnike pred 1983 pa imam, na žalost, samo po par številk na leto, ali pa celo nič.
Verjetno se še spominjate, da je v Clevelandu izhajala Slovenija kot priloga AD, Glasilo slovenske katoliške skupnosti in pozneje Glasilo Slov. kršc. demokracije. Nikoli nisem slišal, da bi imel kdo zbrane vse številke. Izhajala je več ali manj redno 13 let, od 1950 do 1967. Po mojih podatkih mi manjkajo samo tri številke. So pa zanimivi in zgodovinsko pomembni članki, ki so bili objavljeni.
Leta 1961 je dr. Krek začel izdajati razmnoženino Med prijatelji. Prvo leto je izšlo 12 številk, drugo 8, tretje in četrto leto pa le dve in ena. Pozneje je izšla še julija 1970 in januarja 1971. Ali Vam je kaj več znano o tem listu?
Navedel sem samo številke, ki jih imam. Ali je kdo drugi v Clevelandu, ki je kaj delal pri SLS-SKD in bi morda kaj več vedel o tem listu? Za zgodovino bi bilo pomembno, da to popišemo in ohranimo številke, ki so izšle. Rad bi to popisal, da se ne pozabi delo politične emigracije.
G. Frank Sega dodaja, da če kdo ima in bi bil pripravljen darovat zaprošene časopise, lahko jih pošlje neposredno na Studia Slovenica, p. p. 28, 61210 Ljubljana-Sentvid, Slovenia, Europe.
Druga možnost je, da darovalec pusti časopise v župnišču Sv. Vida in bo g. Sega uredil za pošiljko.
— Ur. AD
ZAHVALA
Lani smo objavili prošnjo za pomoč pri obnovi cerkve v Topolu. Sledi zahvala, ki je namenjena tistim, ki so se bili odzvali.
Spoštovani!
Bliža se konec leta, tako smo se spomnili na Vas, da se Vam najlepše zahvalimo za dar, ki ste ga prispevali za obnovo naše cerkve v Topolu.
Obnovili smo streho, fasado ter naročili nove klopi. Tudi zvon smo nabavili s pomočjo našega g. župnika. Spomladi nas čaka še nekaj manjših del-
Posvetitev načrtujemo na naše žegnanje, to je 7.7.1996. ko bomo povabili g. škofa. Na to svečanost Vas vabimo Že sedaj.
Gradbeni odbof ter vaščani Topola
.. -
Joseph L. FORTUNA
POGREBNI ZAVOD
5316 Fleet Ave. 641-0046
Moderni pogrebni zavod
Ambulanca na razpolago podnevi in ponoči :
CENE NIZKE PO VAŠI ŽELJI!
LUDOVIK PUS
(Prezrtemu dolenjskemu rojaku ob stoletnici rojstva)
Pesem kot vez z domovino
Nova zborovska pesmarica
Ljubljana — Slovenci, raztreseni po vsem svetu, so si vedno prizadevali za ohranjanje vezi z matično domovino in rodnim jezikom, toda prostorska, predvsem pa časovna oddaljenost novih rodov rojakov od Slovenije te vezi, zlasti še jezikovne, pogosto zelo krha. A ta ugotovitev po drugi strani ne drži v celoti, saj obstaja neko področje, kjer vez z domačo besedo ostaja še kako živa — slovenska pesem.
Že davnega leta 1960 je tako Slovenska izseljenska matica (SIM) izdala pesmarico Domači zvoki, namenjeno slovenskim pevskim zborom v tujini, ki pa je seveda že lepo vrsto let ni mogoče dobiti.
Nastalo praznino zdaj, na željo mnogih slovenskih zborov in zborovodij iz različnih koncev sveta, zapolnjuje nova zborovska
ZBOROVSKA PESMARICA ZA SLOVENCE PO SVETU za mešane in moške zbore, uredil Mitja Gobec, izdala in založila Slovenska izseljenska matica, 113 strani.
pesmarica za Slovence po svetu, prav tako v založbi SIM. Pravzaprav gre za svojevrstno različico od drugod poznanega načela »dvoje v enem«, saj v enem zvezku združuje dve pesmarici, za moški zbor (z naslovom »Slovenec sem«) in za mešani zbor (»Slovenska dežela«). Oba dela vsebujeta po 40 pesmi, ki sta jih urednik Matija Zlobec in sodelavec Janez Močnik razvrstila v tri tematske sklope: »Peli so jih naši dedje« vsebuje domovinske pesmi predvsem starejših skladateljev, t. i. čitalničarjev, drugo poglavje prinaša slovenske umetne pesmi starejših, pa tudi še živečih skladateljev (tako je v pesmarici za mešane zbore celo prvikrat objavljena skladba Lojzeta Lebiča Tihi gaj, zadnji razdelek pa je posvečen priredbam ljudskih pesmi iz domala vseh slovenskih pokrajin.
Morda bo kdo na prvi pogled v pesmarici pogrešal poglavje, namenjeno cerkvenim pesmim, saj veliko rojakov poje ravno v cerkvenih zborih, vendar gre tu po urednikovih besedah za zavestno odločitev izdajatelja, saj za tovrstno literaturo odlično skrbijo že nekatere druge založbe (Mohorjeva, Družina).
Pesmi, ki jih prinaša nova pesmarica, po zahtevnosti ne presegajo zmožnosti povprečnega ljubiteljskega zbora, tako da bo pesmarica dobrodošel pripomoček ne le Slovencem po svetu, ampak tudi v zamejstvu in doma, verjetno pa jo bo v roke vzel tudi kateri od slušateljev vsakoletne Poletne šole slovenskega jezika oziroma Seminarja slovenskega jezika, literature in kulture, saj prav prek pesmi, kot ugotavlja predsednik SIM Janez Bogataj, vodi ena najzanimivejših poti do spoznavanja (slovenskega) jezika. Prvi korak je z novo pesmarico narejen, z naslednjim pa naj bi rešili še vprašanje notne literature za ženske in mladinske pevske zbore.	B.Š. (Družina, 7. jan. 1996)
mag. ROZINA ŠVENT Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica, Ljubljana
Zaradi odhoda v tujino (leta 1945) je »zbledel« spomin še na enega pomembnega slovenskega ustvarjalca, Ludovika Puša - po domače »Mandrške-ga Ludveta«.
Rodil seje 12. januarja 1896 v Velikih Cešnjicah pri Šentvidu pri Stični. Po končani ljudski šoli v domačem kraju, je nadaljeval šolanje v Zavodu sv. Stanislava v Šentvidu nad Ljubljano. Čeprav je bil vseskozi med najboljšimi dijaki, je našel prosti čas tudi za glasbeno izpopolnjevanje. Njegova glasbena učitelja sta bila Stanko Premrl in Vojteh Hy-bašek. Bil je skoraj »čudežni otrok«, saj je znal igrati na celo vrsto inštrumentov - citre, klavir, harmonij, orgle, vijoli-no, čelo, kontrabas, roj in trobento. Razen instrumentalne glasbe je gojil tudi petje in že v petem razredu vodil zbor dijaškega društva.
Prva svetovna vojna je tudi njega »poklicala na bojišče, kjer je bil tudi ranjen. Po koncu vojne je nadaljeval študij na bogoslovni fakulteti, ven-dar je moral študij zaradi zdravstvenih težav (jetika) prekiniti.
Po večletnem zdravljenju, je študij nadaljeval na Filozofski fakulteti v Ljubljani - smer filozofija-pedagogika. Od leta 1922 do 1932 je bil profesor splošno-izobraževalnih predmetov in vodja internata na Kmetijski šoli na Grmu pri Novem mestu. Te svoje peda-, goške izkušnje je zelo podro-, s	bno opisal v avtobiografskem
i	romanu »Klasje iz viharja«
(New York, 1970).
Prav to delo, s preprostimi kmečkimi fanti, je zaznamovalo njegovo nadaljnjo življenjsko pot, ki se je odvijala med ljubeznijo do glasbe in do kmečkega človeka. S svojimi bogatimi glasbenimi izkušnjami je oživil glasbeno dejavnost Novega mesta. Najprej je vodil pevski zbor Glasbene matice, nato pa ustanovil svoj pevski zbor »Gorjanci«, s katerim je gostoval po več krajih Dolenjske. Iz tega obdobja se je ohranilo tudi več njegovih glasbenih priredb, ki jih je objavil v reviji »Zbori« in v »Cerkvenem glasbeniku«.
Njegovo uspešno vzgojno in glasbeno delo je bilo leta 1932, zaradi njegovega političnega udejstvovanja, prekinjeno. Nadaljnja pot ga je vodila v Ljubljano, kjer se je posvetil razvoju in napredku kmetijskega zadružništva in organiziranju ter vodenju obnovljene Kmečke zveze. Glavni cilj nje-goveta udejstvovanja je bila poklicna izobrazba kmečke mladine, ki naj bi s poznavanjem moderne tehnike kmetovanja, dvignila slovenskega kmeta iz zaostalosti.
Vse to uspešno delo, je prekinila druga svetovna vojna, aprila 1941. Zaradi svojega političnega prepričanja, se Puš ni mogel vključiti v Osvobodilno fronto. Isti razlogi so ga leta 1945 prisilili, da se je odločil za odhod v tujino.
Od leta 1945-1949 je živel, skupaj z ženo Minko v Avstriji, kjer si je kot organist, služil denar za preživetje. Čeprav se je sprva nameraval izseliti v Argentino, kamor je odšla velika večina njegovih somišljenikov, se je leta 1949 odločil za odhod v Ameriko,
Kako težka je bila ta odloči-
tev za triinpetdesetletnega moža, nam zgovorno pripoveduje odlomek iz njegovega romana »Na dolgo pot« (izhajal kot podlistek v časniku Svobodna Slovenija v Buenos Airesu, od leta 1975-1976):
Barčica zaplavala
Končno je prišlo na razglasno desko, da bo dne 30. oktobra odplul ameriški transportni parnik »General Stewart« iz pristanišča v Bre-merhafen-u in se bodo nanj vkrcali potniki, navedeni v priloženem seznamu. General Steward je prišel pozno, vendar ne prepozno.
Ko bi se jaz vkrcal na parnik za pot v Ameriko pred 30 leti, bi bilo prišlo ob pravem času; mlad mož, takorekoč na začetku svoje življenjske poti, s polno glavo načrtov, svežih mladnostnih sil in odlične energije, se podaja v tuji svet onkraj morja iz lastnega nagiba in volje. V deželi neomejenih priložnosti in možnosti bo izmeril svoje moči, se uveljavil in na ta način izpolnil svojo življenjsko poklicanost.
Pred 30 leti bi bilo o pravem času. Preteklost bi bila takorekoč tabula rasa: nič drugega za teboj kot šole za pripravo na življenjsko pot; vsa vsebina življenja leži pred teboj kot nepopisani list, da ga popišeš z deli in dejanji, za katera si bil rojen po božjem načrtu.
Sedaj je pozno, pravzaprav zelo pozno. Položaj je bistveno drugačen. Glavna vsebina tvoje poklicanosti leži za teboj, list je že precej popisan, pa nagloma sredi najmočnejših dejanj prekinjen.
Kadar tudi leta napredujejo preko Abrahama, se oko rajši ozira nazaj kakor naprej. Tam v preteklosti živiš s svojimi deli, bodočnost bi bila le še dopolnjevanje in olepševanje onega, kar ti je bilo naloženo storiti v močnih letih življenja.
Tako bi bilo normalno. A sedaj čas in človek v njem nista normalna, vojna vihra in njene strahotne posledice so vse preokrenile. Vse je drugačno: domovina je druga, ljudje niso več kot so bili pred leti, svet izgleda kot da se je postavil na glavo. V takih razmerah vzeti v roko popotno palico, se pravi begunsko palico, in se napotiti v tuji svet, je za človeka več kot težko.
Vendar ni prepozno. Se je pred teboj kos poti, ki jo mo-
Visit Our Slovene American Auto Repair Shop! NOTTINGHAM AUTO BODY & FRAME Frame Straightening Collision Repair Painting
19425 St. Clair Avenue Tel. 481-1337 Michael Bukovec, Owner
raš prehoditi, še so ti odmerjeni gotovi nalogi, ki zanje niti ne veš, a jih moraš izpolniti in poravnati. Pojdi tedaj pogumno in samozavestno tem nalogam naproti, zakaj dana ti bo moč, da jih možato izvršiš. Življenjska usoda se je obrnila: česar nisi mogel dokončati doma, boš morda v drugačni obliki in z drugačnimi sredstvi dokončal iz tujine v domovino.
Take misli so me prevevale in taki sklepi in zaključki so jeknili mojo voljo, ko se mi je na stežaj odprla pot v Ameriko z ladjo General Stewart. Pozno, a ne prepozno.
Ali naj popisujem vse neprijetne, dostikrat odvratne procedure, ki se jim moraš podvreči ob prehodu iz taborišča na ladjo, kakor so razna razkuževanja, cepljenje zoper nalezljive bolezni in še cel kup drugega?
Nastavljali smo se v dolgih kitah in cele ure čakali, preden smo prišli na vrsto, a nobena »žavba« ni pomagala, imeti je bilo treba izkazila. Potem so nas naložili spet na dolg vlak in nas iztožili v pristanišču, oddaljenem menda kakih 20 km od Grohna. Tamkaj je bila zasidrana ladja z napisom »General Stewart«. Ta nas bo torej prepeljala v Novi svet.
Parnik je bil del obsežnega
prevoznega brodovja za transport ameriških vojakov na evropsko bojišče. V ogromnih ladjedelnicah slavnega ameriškega podjetja Kaiser so takih ladij zgradili na stotine kar na tekočem traku, da so mogli hitro prepeljati svojo vojsko na evropska bojišča. Po dobljeni zmagi so Amerikanci glavnino svoje vojske z njimi spet vrnili domov, potem pa ladje uporabljali za prevoz beguncev.
Ob precej hladnem jesenskem dopoldnevu — bilo je dan pred Vsemi svetimi — smo se spet postavili v vrsto pred dokaj dolg mostič, da pred vstopom na ta most za vsakega še enkrat in sedaj zadnjikrat ugotovijo identiteto, potem pa posamič spustijo na ladjo z opozorilom, da sedaj stopa na ameriška tla, in je zatorej od sedaj dalje povsem podvržen ameriškim zakonom in regulacijam.
Na barki so reditelji vsakemu odkazali njegov prostor v velikih spalnicah v ladijskem trebuhu in pokazali potrebne pritikline. Seveda so nas spet ločili po spolu, a čez dan je bilo dovoljeno moškim obiskovati ženske prostore in obratno, tako da sva bila z Minko lahko med vožnjo mnogo skupaj. Ladijska oprema je bila sicer vojaške nara-
(dalje na str. 16)
v BLAG IN LJUBEČ SPOMIN
56. OBLETNICE SMRTI NAŠE LJUBLJENE
mame in stare mame
ANA GOSAR
k* je umrla januarja 1940
Hvala, naša dobra mama, Vso ljubezen si nam dala, Vse moči in vse skrbi. Rajski mir, nebeška sreča naj bo Tvoja v večnosti!
3. OBLETNICE SMRTI NAŠEGA LJUBLJENEGA OČETA, STAREGA ATA IN STRICA
ALOJZU GOSAR
id je umrl 11. januarja 1993
Gospod, daruj mu mir, naj večna luč mu sveti, ker si dobrote vir, uživa raj naj sveti.
Žalujoči ostali:
Hčeri: Marija Vrhovnik, Tončka Urankar z družinami, pravnuki in pravnukinjami (vsi v ZDA), nečaki, nečakinje v ZDA, Argentini, Avstraliji in Sloveniji. Cleveland, Ohio, 11. januarja 1996.
LUDOVIK PUŠ_
(nadaljevanje s str. 15)
Srečno in zdravo leto 1996 voščim
vsem prijateljem in znancem FRANK GORMEK
Zephyr, Ont., Kanada
Prisrčna zahvala vsem, ki so obiskali mojo drago Lelo-Angelo na njeni zadnji poti, dali vence, ali poslali sožalne kartice.
ve, vendar dovolj moderna in udobna.
Preden se je vsa množica potnikov prebila skozi ladijsko komisijo pri mostičku, je preteklo lepo število ur, tako, da se je ladja z zamolklim trobljenjem podala na pot šele pozno popoldne. Potegnili so od njenega trupa most in začela se je odmikati od celine. Zbogom Evropa! Za vedno? Najbrž za vedno.
Ob takih trenutkih človeku čustva nekako otopijo, in je prav, da mu. Zazdelo se mi je, da je vsa stvar zanimiva, skoraj pustolovska. Na ladji se voziš, ne da bi kupil karto, pelješ se nekam, da sam ne veš prav kam, ne veš, ali te bo tam kdo pričakoval. Ali ni, kakor v kakem avanturističnem romanu?
Po izmanevriranju iz pristanišča se je naš parnik spustil na visoko morje s polno paro. Čutili smo, kako v osrčju rohnijo motorji, da tu in tam orjaško telo lahko zatrepeče, pa se spet umiri in gladko polzi po »morja široki cesti«. Na naši levi se je v daljavi odražala nizka, ravna nizozemska obala — zadnji pozdrav starega sveta — na desni so se od rdeče večerne zarje odražale strme dowrske pečine. Pluli smo po znanem Kanalu, čigar vodovje je večidel nemirno, dostikrat viharno. Danes je mirno in spokojno, kakor bi se vozili po Blejskem jezeru.
»Ali je to tudi Evropa?« se obrne proti meni v polomljeni nemščini mlad sopotnik bog-sigavedi iz katerega dela Evrope. »Ne, to je Anglija«, je kar spontano ušlo iz mojih ust. Odgovor me je spravil v zadrego, zlasti še, ker me je
V BLAG SPOMIN
Ob šesti obletnici smrti našega dobrega moža, očeta in starega očeta ter brata
FRANK TOMINC
ki je umrl 13. januarja 1990. V hladnem grobu zdaj počivaš, rešen si prav vseh skrbi; mi pa mislimo na Tebe,
Te pogrešamo vse dni.
Žalujoči:
Pepca, žena
Frank, Martin, Jože, sinovi z družinami
Marjanca Domanko, Ani Vidmar, Cilka Urbas, hčerke z družinami Jelka Kuhelj, Ivanka Tominec, sestri
ena sestra v Sloveniji, ter ostalo sorodstvo v Sloveniji.
mladi mož vprašujoče pogledal, očitno pričakujoč pojasnila. Skoncentriral sem svoje misli in mu stvar poskusil razložiti.
»Britanski otok, ki ga označujejo te pečine, je po zemljepisu del evropskega kontinenta. To drži. Angleži pa, katerim je ta otok njihova domovina, se do sedaj niso šteli za sestavni del evropske ljudske skupnosti, čeprav so se v vojnah, posebno tudi v zadnji svetovni vojski, bojevali na evropski celini, kjer so branili svoj otok.
Angleška vodilna narodna plast je bila s svojim gospodarskim in trgovskim, pa tudi političnim umom v ogromnem britanskem kolonialnem imperiju; angleško srce pa je slejkoprej pri bratrancih v Ameriki, kjer so Angleži imeli nekoč, kakor gotovo veste, svoje kolonije. Te so se pozneje osvobodile, a kljub temu ostale v tesnih odnosih z materno zemljo.
Vodilna in odločilna plast v sedanjih Združenih državah je sestavljena tudi danes — kakor je bila za časa proglasitve ameriške neodvisnosti — iz potomcev anglo-sakson-skih priseljencev s tega otoka.
Pregovor pravi, da kri ni voda. Kljub temu, da so nekdanji uporniki zoper britansko oblast odkrhnili od imperija najbogatejše kolonije in je Amerika polagoma začeia dominirati nad Anglijo, se srčne vezi niso pretrgale. Ravno nasprotno! Propadajoči angleški imperij gleda na Ameriko kot na novo svetovno silo, ki ga bo reševala vojaško, politično, in če bo treba, tudi gospodarsko.
Zato so angleški upi sedaj v Ameriki, ne v Evropi, kakor so bili dolga desetletja pred to vojno v kolonijalnem imperiju, ne v Evropi. To je razlog, da se Angleži ne smatrajo za Evropejce drugače kot po geografski danosti.«
Fant me je zelo pazljivo poslušal. Moral je biti brihten in razumen. Kajti iz vprašanj, ki mi jih je stavil v tej zvezi, sem sprevidel, da me je čisto pravilno in točno razumel, čeravno sva vodila debato v nemškem jeziku.
Pozneje sva se med vožnjo še srečala. Vedno me je lepo pozdravil in me še kaj vprašal. Tudi predstavil se je in sem zvedel, da je Litvanec — sin dežele, ki se je veselila svobodo samo tako dolgo med obema vojnama, da je tam zrastel zaveden in samozavesten rod, ki je pred bolj-ševiško tiranijo pobegnil v tuji svet, da bi od tam vodil boj za svobodo znova zasužnjene domovine.
Da me ni zmotil radovedni Litvanec, ki se bile moje misli razpletale drugače pri gledanju dowerskih pečin. Karkoli se je med in tik po minuli vojni hudega dogodilo slovenskemu narodu in v širšem smislu vsej Jugoslaviji, ima
več ali manj svoj izvor na tem otoku.
Tu so doma največji in najbolj brezobzirni politični kramarji, kar jih pozna zgodovina. Da ščitijo svoje politične koristi in varujejo svojo kri, se niso pomišljali pognati v vojno in morijo narode, ki so želeli ostati nevtralni, kot je želela Jugoslavija, vedoč za veliko notranjo nevarnost zaradi neurejenih razmer in zavedajoč se pogubnih posle-dci vojnega zapleta.
A mera še ni polna. Od vlade na tem otoku je prišel odlok, da se morajo izročiti komunistom v roke deset tisoči fantov in mož, ki so v obrambo naroda prijeli za orožje in se hrabro borili — ne zoper Angleže — ampak zoper samozvano komunistično nasilje, pa so zaradi politike tega otoka boj izgubili. In plačali izgubo z lastno krvjo. Tudi moj osebni delež trpljenja ima svoj izvor tukaj.
Kadar si sredi širnega morja, se svet spremeni in življenje se zdi, da postane drugačno. Ni drugega kot nebesni svod nad teboj in morska gladina okrog tebe, sredi vsega pa v primeri s to ve-soljnostjo strašno majhna, drobna lupina, ki se prekucu-je čez grebene valujočega, nikar mirujočega morja.
Kadar je prekucovanje neznatno ali ga sploh ni čutiti, ter potnik nima sitnosti s svojim želodcem, je vožnja nad vsako opisovanje lepa, prijetna s te strani: kadar je tudi splošna atmosfera na parniku med potniki prijateljska in torej ozračje polno naklonjenosti in pripravljenosti iti na roko, je lepa in prijetna tudi za druge človeške strani: in kadar se na stisnjenem prostoru ne dogaja ničesar, kar bi človeka vznemirjalo ali celo jezilo, je vožnja lepa in prijetna v celoti. ...
Zagledala sva nedaleč od ladje majhen otoček skoraj v sredini vhoda v pristanišče, na otočku pa ogromni kip žene z visoko dvignjeno baklo v roki. Bil je slavni Kip Svobode (Statue of Liberty), simbol, kakršnega nima ves svet. Prišlecem oznanja, da prihajajo v deželo svobode, kamor je prišlo že toliko tiso-čev in stotisočev popotnikov kakor so oni, ki so pod njeno baklo našli zatočišče in začeli novo življenje.
Blagodejna je bila ta misel, vendar hkrati vsa pomešana z drugo, bridko mislijo na tisoče slovenskih ljudi, ki so mimo tega kipa zginili v o-srčje te dežele in se niso več vrnili v svojo domovino onkraj morja. Ko so pred davnim časom Francozi, zvesti zavezniki ameriških kolonistov v revolucionarni vojni zoper Angleže do konca, darovali to ponosno devico Amerikancem v spomin na to zavezništvo, gotovo niso imeli v mislih, koliko dragocene krvi bo ta kontinent izpil zlasti majhnim narodom.
Mladi ljudje v najlepših letih življenja so pri nas na slovenski zemlji sanjali o Ameri-
ki, zbirali denar in iskali agencije, ki bi jih prepeljale čez široko morje — ker so mislili, da jim domača zemljica ni mogla dati dovolj dobrega kruha. Odšli so in se tu zarili v rove in rudnike, v gozdove in plavže, tako da jih po pesnikovi besedi naše oko ni več doseglo.
Živ mi je stopil pred oči Jo-hančin Janez iz $t. Pavla, kakor sem ga videl v otroških letih, ko še v šolo nisem hodil. Prišel je po rebri s srednje velikim kovčkom v roki, se na ravnini pred Štrukljevo hišo, ki je bila naša soseda, ustavil in se obrnil proti St. Pavlu. Tam je bila njegova rojstna hiša, ki je s podružnično cerkvijo in vasjo vred ležala pred njim kakor na dlani. Dolgo je stal in gledal, potem pa je s prosto roko segel k očem in si obrisal solzo.
Bil je zal fant, visoko raš-čen in močan, kakor da se je »goram iz bokov izvil«; pred nekaj meseci se je vrnil iz vojaške službe in je mislil, da mu hiša in zemlja ovdovele matere ne nudi dovolj obeta za zadovoljivo življenje. Pustil jo je samo, edini otrok, z obljubo, da se s prisluženimi dolarji čez nekaj let vrne, dokupi zemlje, popravi hišo in ostane potem doma.
Pridružil se je Štrukljevemu Martinu in z njim odšel v daljno čarobno deželo, kjer lahko postaneš bogat.
Ne o Janezu, ne o Martinu ni bilo več slišati.
Johančinega Janeza sem gledal v mislih, ko je ladja počasi plula v pristanišče, in ta dogodek se mi je posebno živo predstavil iz mnogih drugih, ki jih je bilo srce polno. Koliko jih je poleg Janeza odšlo, da bi s pridnostjo, trdim garanjem in varčevanjem nabrali dovolj dolarjev, da bi si po vrnitvi doma uredili lepo domačijo in potem mirno živeli v domovini. Toda magična sila tujine jih je premamila: oče je še sanjal o doma-
čem kraju, sin nič več.
Pozdravljen Johnačin Janez! Ali si še živ? Kje koplješ, če še nisi opešal?
Mandrški Ludve je prišel za teboj.
Stopil sem na suho; tisti trenutek me je vsega prevzela silna, nevidna moč — kakor da bi me bila oblila sama milost božja, in me vsega premladila. Sedaj si na cilju, mi je govorila; dana ti bo moč, da boš mogel izpolniti preostali del svoje naloge na tem svetu, ki ti je bila naložena od začetka, pa je v domovini nisi mogel končati. Odprla se ti je pot, da boš mogel »kaj lepega in dobrega povedati v teh težkih dneh, o domovina,« in to iz dežele, ki nosi baklo Svobode.
V duši se je ob tej podobi bodočih dni oglasila ona stara pesem davnega slovenskega rodoljuba Jakoba Razlaga:
Primi čelov zemlja mila, ' primi srce moje v dar.
Da bi vedno matka bila, ne pozabljena nikdar.«
(KONEC ROMANA)
Njegova »ameriška leta« so potekala najprej v mestu St. Paul v Minnesoti, od leta 1951 naprej pa je živel v New Yor-ku. Največ se je ukvarjal s publicistiko — njegov značilni »L.P.« najdemo skoraj v vseh vodilnih zdomskih časopisih in revijah (v Ameriški domovini, Svobodni Sloveniji, Vestniku, Duhovnem življenju itd.).
Ob časnikarskem delu je dolga leta opravljal tudi funkcijo glavnega tajnika Slovenske ljudske stranke v zdomstvu in mesto slovenskega predstavnika v Christian Democratic Union of Central Europe.
Umrl je 1. septembra 1989 v New Yorku, njegove posmrtne ostanke pa so pokopali 5. novembra v Clevelandu.
(dalje na str. 18)
LETNA SEJA
lastnikov certifikatov
Slovenskega Društvenega doma Slovenian Society Home
20713 Recher Ave., Euclid, Ohio v nedeljo, 11. februarja ob 2. popoldne.
Vljudno vabimo vse lastnike certifikatov in društvene zastopnike, da se te važne seje zagotovo udeleže.
The Board of Directors
J
Ob pojavu tretjega vseslovenskega televizijskega programa...


TV 3 — Komercializacija ali
evangelizacija
Urednik AD: Prejel sem zadnjo številko revije »Cerkev v sedanjem svetu«. V njej so trije članki, ki bodo mnoge bralce zanimali, kajti pričajo o postopni pluralizaciji medij v Sloveniji v zadnjih letih, tu v zvezi s televizijo in radijem. Ti članki bodo ponatisnjeni v naslednjih tednih. Tu je članek o novem televizijskem programu, ki ga lahko gledajo skoro vsi slovenski državljani, avtor je dolgoletni urednik mesečni-ka Ognjišča v Kopru, g. Franc Bole. Drugi članek nosi naslov »Radio Ognjišče — shodil in spregovoril«, izpod peresa Francija Trstenjaka, tretji, daljši, pa »Verske vsebine na nacionalni javni televiziji«, avtor pa je bivši urednik Družine 8- Drago Klemenčič. Tokrat je na vrsti g. Bole.
Elektronski mediji, kot ir nujemo z eno besedo radie televizijo, so najuspešnejši j sredovalci sporočil. Ni čudi da bi te medije mnogi r imeli v rokah in z njimi vpli h na množice. To so predvs tisti, ki si od tega vpliva obe jo osebne koristi.
Sem sodijo predvsem pi jetni poslovneži, ki hočejo f Pričati ljudi, da so jim stvi k* jih prodajajo, nujno pol bne; državna uprava, ki h državljanom dopovedati, d; najboljša; politiki, ki hoč dokazati, da so njihovi p grami najboljši... in ideolc je, ki bi rade dobile čimveč i Stašev.
Kje je tukaj Cerkev, ki je od Kristusa dobila nalogo, da gre
Po vsem svetu in uči vse narode?
yemo, da je Kristus za označevanje uporabljal besedo neposredni stik z ljudmi, vendar so Že njegovi učenci upora-oih za širjenje evangelija tedaj aJ 0 J uspešno sredstvo, to je Pisano besedo. Ne moremo si
zamisliti, kako bi bili prikrajšani za prepričljivost in zanesljivost Jezusovega nauka, če bi se ne zapisal že takrat. Koliko manj verodostojno bi bilo samo ustno izročilo. Prepričan sem, da je bila »polnost časov« tudi v tem, da se je Jezusov nauk lahko zapisal.
Cerkev je zelo dobro razumela prvo tehnološko revolucijo, Gutenbergovo iznajdbo, in se v polni meri posluževala tiskane besede, skoraj bi lahko rekli, da si je v začetku zagotovila monopol nad to iznajdbo. Prve tiskane knjige, tudi v slovenskem jeziku, kot v vseh drugih, so bile iz zakladnice Svetega pisma.
Drugo veliko iznajdbo, že v našem stoletju, ki omogoča naglo širjenje neke misli, sporočila (to je radio), je že mnogo manj izkoristila. Vendar je Guglielmo Marconi, izumitelj radia, že 1931. leta postavil vatikanski radio. Ta se je potem razvijal z napredkom tehnike. S svojimi programi v mnogih jezikih, tudi v slovenskem, je postal najbolj »svetovni« radio.
Veliko manj je Cerkev uresničila svojo prisotnost v najbolj množičnem mediju današnjih dni, na televiziji. Se danes nimamo, na primer, vatikanske televizije, ampak samo televizijski studio za snemanje. Res je, da je v Italiji 35 verskih televizij, od katerih je ena, Telepace, nekako »papeževa televizija«, ker je edina, ki je že deset let pooblaščena, da prenaša papeževa potovanja, čeprav je njen sedež v Veroni. Razlog za to je predvsem v tem, da televizija zahteva desetkrat več sredstev kot radio.
TV 3 v Sloveniji
Tako smo prišli v srž vprašanja, ki ga označuje naslov. Kako pa bo pri nas delovala TV 3, bo to komercializacija ali evangelizacija?
Naj najprej v nekaj stavkih orišem zgodovino nastanka

V NEPOZABEN SPOMIN FRANC in ANA KAMIN
6. obletnica
29. obletnica
“mrl 10. jan. 1990
umrla 14. jan. 1967
Gospod, daruj jim mir, naj večna luč jim sveti; ker si dobrote vir,
uživajo raj naj sveti.
Žalujoči:
Sin — Ivan z družino, New York Hčerke — Ani (sestra Bernardka)
Marija, Jožefa z družinami (Cleveland, O.) In ostalo sorodstvo v Clevelandu, Sloveniji ter Urugvaju.
TV 3. Po demokratizaciji Slovenije so bile dane načelne možnosti, da tudi Cerkev na Slovenskem stopi v svet elektronskih medijev. Ne bom govoril o tem, kaj pomeni za spremembo mentalitete našega naroda, novo evangelizacijo, možnost pluralizacije, ki je prvi korak za možnost evange-lizacije.
Ognjišče je takoj vložilo prošnjo za radijske frekvence, ki bi nam omogočale pokrivanje vse Slovenije. Na televizijo nismo mislili iz preprostega razloga, ker je »predraga«. Ko smo registrirali podjetje Radio Ognjišče, kot to zahteva zakon, ga nismo registrirali za televizijo.
Ker se je pozneje le pokazalo, da bi bilo mogoče dobiti tudi televizijske kanale, smo spoznali, da te možnosti ne smemo opustiti, ker se kanali delijo samo enkrat, ko so razdeljeni, pa vstop ni več mogoč. To je seveda veljalo tudi za radio, vendar smo se za ta korak čutili bolj sposobne. Odločili smo se z logiko: če ne bomo zmogli postaviti televizije, še vedno lahko odstopimo ali postavimo tako televizijo, kot je zaenkrat zmoremo, da obdržimo kanale.
Tu nam je prišla na »pomoč« nova zakonodaja, ki prepoveduje, da bi ista pravna ali fizična oseba imela oba medija (antitrustovski zakon). Dovoljuje pa, da ima v drugem mediju, v tem primeru v tv, 10% udeležbe.
Zavedali smo se, kakšno vrednost imajo danes trije tv kanali, ki smo jih že dobili (Krvavec, Nanos, Pohorje) in bi nam bo dveh letih (čas, ki ga zakon predvideva za uskladitev) avtomatično propadli. Tako se je rodila misel, da se ustanovi nova družba — TV 3 — pri kateri bomo imeli 10% in prinesli kot doto »tri tv kanale«. Družabniki naj bi bili taki, da bi omogočali tako televizijo, kakršno želimo.
V juliju letos (1995) je bil v Strasburgu simpozij verskih radijskih mrež (ždruženj večjega števila radijskih postaj), kamor sem bil povabljen. Tu smo slišali, kar smo sicer v praksi že vedeli, strokovno razlago (prisotni so bili štirje škofje), da so danes v Evropi, tudi med verskimi radijskimi in televizijskimi programi (včasih ni čisto jasno, ali je neki radio ali televizija verska, ker je ne vodijo verske strukture) dva koncepta: radio ali tv »liturgija« in pa radio ali tv »dialog«.
Tipičen primer za prvi koncept je na področju radijev Radio Maria v Italiji (na Poljskem in drugod), na področju tv delno Radipace, za drugi pa portugalski Radio Renascen-ca, ki je najbolj poslušan radio na Portugalskem s 36,2% poslušalcev (pokriva ves nacionalni prostor in oddaja po satelitu) in TVI (TV Independen-te) ustanovljena od Radio Re-nascenca in vključuje še druge družbenike (20.000 malih družbenikov in nekaj večjih, tudi inozemskih).
___SEMINAR___________________
TORONTO, Ont. — V nedeljo, 4. februarja, ob 4. uri popoldne, bo v cerkveni dvorani na 611 Manning Ave. v Torontu seminar s sledečim programom:
Dr. Peter Urbanc: Gospodarstvo v Sloveniji, problemi možnosti
Ing. Jože Škulj: Arijske teorije in Slovenci Debato bo vodila ga. Ema Pogačar
Vsi vljudno vabljeni
Slovensko-kanadski svet
Prva zvrst programske u-smeritve radia in tv »Liturgija« oddaja predvsem ali izključno religiozni program (velja bolj za radio), maše, molitve, litanije, verske pesmi, pogovore, predavanja, itd. in seveda nima reklam. Druga usmeritev pa nudi poslušalcem in gledalcem vse, kar tak medij po svoji naravi »prenese«, če je namenjen ne samo najbolj pobožnim, ampak najširšemu občinstvu. To pomeni, če hoče biti gledan, mora biti privlačen in tudi razvedrilen.
Verska tematika tako ni »vidna«, je pa vsebovana v izboru novic, ljudi in dogodkov, ki so prisotni (pogovori, okrogle mize) in v izločanju vsega, kar bi bilo moralno in versko škodljivo (nasilje, pornografija...). Prepričan sem, da ima mnogi večji vzgojni vpliv film, ki prikazuje prave vrednote, kot pa mnoge pridige. Ta druga zvrst vključuje tudi reklame, ker to omogoča kritje stroškov.
Iz povedanega je jasno, da smo se pri televiziji (in tudi pri radiu) odločili za to drugo usmerjenost. Pri televiziji nam nihče ne bi mogel zagotavljati sredstev, ki so potrebna za tako televizijo, ki bo zelo gledana. Televizije, ki ne bo gledana, ne potrebujemo. Ce pa bo gledana, bo tudi pokrivala svoje stroške z udeležbo pri reklamni »pogači«. Zato je ta televizija komercialna.
Projekt, ki ga je naredil naš direktor Ivo Bevk, je bil osnova za pridobivanje družbenikov; dal ga je pregledati strokovnjakom, da je odkril možnosti, ki jih ima ta televizija v tem trenutku.
Če računamo, da TV Slovenija pobere 90% reklame, ki je lani znašala 47 milijonov mark, in da se zadnje čase dohodki od reklam naglo večjo (20-50% na leto), je upravičeno upanje, da po dveh letih (kar je normalno obdobje prilagajanja) lahko računamo na kritje stroškov iz lastnih virov.
Da bo to mogoče, pa mora biti ta televizija profesionalno na višku in mora nuditi, česar druge televizije ne nudijo, predvsem pa kvaliteto.
Moramo pa tudi biti »vidni« po vsej Sloveniji. To ni lahko, vendar mislimo, da bomo že v prvi fazi pokrivali 80% gledalcev. Prisotni bomo tudi v večjih kabelskih mrežah. Prav tako pa bomo časovno pokrivali ves dan od 7. do 24. ure. Zato potrebujemo poleg sodobne (digitalne) tehnologije, študijev, kamer, montaže itd. tudi sposobne ljudi v številu, ki nam tak program omogoča (računamo na 55 redno zaposlenih in 150 občasnih zunanjih sodelavcev).
Prostori, ki so že pripravljeni, so poleg Radia Ognjišče v Zavodu sv. Stanislava v Šentvidu. Predviden začetek oddajanja je 17. decembra letos (1995) in upamo, da ne bo nepredvidenih zapletov. (Op. ur. AD: TV 3 je dejansko pričela z izdajanjem 24. dec. 1995.) Računamo na ugoden čas, kot so božični in novoletni prazniki, na veliko srečo, da bomo lahko z našo TV 3 pripravljali Slovence na prihod papeža in sledili vsem njegovim nastopom.
Če smo »komercialna« televizija, to ne pomeni, da ne bomo imeli verskih programov, saj jih ima celo državna televizija. Tem bosta posvečena posebno sobotno popoldne in nedeljsko dopoldne.
TV 3 je gotovo velik projekt za majhno Slovenijo; če računamo, da ima v Italiji Telepace 30 redno zaposlenih, naslednja največja Antena 1 pa 20. Lahko rečemo, da imamo tehnično vse najnujnejše in profesionalno osebje, ki nam bo omogočilo dober program. Nismo ena od več kot 30 malih televizij, ki so prisotne pri nas, ampak smo si postavili cilj, da bomo TV 3, to se pravi tretja televizija (poleg nacionalnih TV 1 in TV 2 Slovenije) v našem prostoru. •
Vladimir M. Rus Attorney ■ Odvetnik
6411 St: Clair (Slovenian National Home) 391-4000
__________ _____________________(F
Žele Funeral Home
Memorial Chapel
452 E. 152 SL	Phone 481-3118
Addison Road Chapel 6502 St. Clair Ave.	Phone 361-0583
____Family owned and operated since 1908
L
ZNANSTVENO POROČILO	Inštitut za novejšo zgodovino
Ključne značilnosti slovenske politike v letih 1929-1955
X. nadaljevanje
Slovensko domobranstvo in druge proti-partizanske formacije po kapitulaciji Italije
Ob kapitulaciji Italije so vaške straže ter četniki zaradi napačne strategije - zanesljivo pričakovanje zavezniškega izkrcanja ter osredotočenja enot brez mobilnosti - povsem podlegli odločnim partizanskim napadom. Partizansko vodstvo se je pred tem posebej pripravilo prav za obračun z domačim nasprotnikom in ni v odločilnih trenutkih pokazalo nobene pripravljenosti za sodelovanje ali vsaj premirje ter si tako zagotovilo hitro zmago v tej kratkotrajni, nekajtedenski, čisti državljanski vojni v Ljubljanski pokrajini.
Preostale protirevolucionarne enote so se po lastni pobudi ali pa po odobritvi političnega vodstva iz Ljubljane zatekle pod okrilje novega, nemškega okupatorja.
To vodstvo je ocenilo, da taktični razlogi za protiparti-zanski boj ostajajo tudi v novih razmerah ter se je v drugi polovici septembra 1943 sporazumelo z višjim vodjem SS in policije v 18. vojnem okrožju, generalom Erwinom Rdse-nerjem, ki sta mu Hitler in Himmler v policijskem pogledu podredila še Ljubljansko pokrajino za boj proti partizanom z imenom Slovensko domobranstvo. Neusmiljen partizanski obračun z ujetimi četniki in vaškimi stražarji, številni begunci s partizanskega ozemlja itd. je tudi del javnega mnenja utrdil v odločenosti nadaljevati samoobrambni boj proti komunistični sili, to pot s pomočjo nemškega okupatorja.
Za nemške oblasti je bilo domobranstvo pomožna policijska sila, ki je bilo po dogovoru omejeno zgolj na bojevanje na slovenskem ozemlju. Z gledišča protirevolucionarnega vodstva ter tudi samih domobrancev ter dela prebivalstva pa je šlo za slovensko narodno vojsko, ki ob izsiljeni kolabo- • raciji z okupatorjem brani prebivalstvo pred komunističnim nasiljem, narod v celoti oziroma Slovenijo pa pred napovedujočo se boljševizacijo.
Funkcionalno gledano je torej domobranstvo nadaljevanje vaških straž oz. MVAC, je pa bilo veliko bolje organizirano, bolje oboroženo in učinkovito. Po eni strani je imelo pomembno vlogo pri varovanju prometnih naprav pred
Anton M. LAVRISHA
Attorney-at-Law
(Odvetnik)
18975 Villaview Road at Neff 692-1172
Complete Legal Services
partizanskimi napadi, po drugi strani pa je s svojimi udarnimi bataljoni od pozne pomladi 1944 skušalo izriniti partizanske sile iz Dolenjske in Notranjske.
V	osrednji Dolenjski je bilo razmeroma uspešno, vdori v Belo krajino in Loško dolino pa niso imeli dolgoročnejših učinkov; povsem pa je domobranstvo obvladovalo okolico Ljubljane ter predvsem Polhograjsko hribovje. Uživalo je podporo dela prebivalstva, na nekaterih območjih pa celo njegove večine.
Novačenje v domobranstvo je bilo formalno prostovoljno, dejansko pa tudi deloma prisilno. Ob pritisku nemških oblasti ter ob oportunizmu nekaterih protirevolucionarnih dejavnikov ter agresivne propagande se je ob Slovenskem domobranstvu ter generalu Rupniku ustvarilo vzdušje, ki je deloma že imelo totalitarna obeležja.
V	ta sklop je mogoče uvrstiti najbolj odmeven dogodek v kratki zgodovini domobranstva - domobranski prisegi 20. aprila 1944 in 30. januarja 1945, t.j. na nacistična praznika. Zaprisego, ki je za oborožene formacije sicer običajna zadeva, je zahteval general Rdsener, tudi z grožnjo razpustitve domobranstva, da bi z njo dosegel večjo disciplino in neko formalnopravno osnovo, na katero se je bilo moč kasneje v odnosu do domobranstva uradno in tudi javno sklicevati.
Z njo so se domobranci zavezali, da se bodo skupaj z nemškimi oboroženimi silami na slovenskem ozemlju bojevali proti komunistom in banditom ter njihovim zaveznikom, potrdili so skratka to, kar so že tako pol leta počeli. Iz besedila prisege ne izhaja, da bi prisegli neposredno Hitlerju, čeprav se je v protido-mobranski javnosti in tudi pri zaveznikih uveljavilo takšno mnenje.
Še pred formalno ustanovitvijo s strani vrhovnega komisarji dr. Rainerja oz. generala Rdsenerja se je Slovensko domobranstvo organizacijsko razvijalo v obliki bataljonov •(pod Gorjanci, v Ljubljani in na Notranjskem), na nižji ravni pa v obliki posadnih in zbiralnih čet, deloma tudi kot nadaljevanje prejšnjih vaških straž.
Konec 1943 so bile ustanovljene domobranske teritorialne skupine, od katerih so spomla-
Pnjatel s Pharmacy
St. Clair Ave. & E. 68 St. 361-4212 IZDAIAMO TUDI ZDRAVILA ZA RAČUN POMOČI DRŽAVE OHIO. — AID FOR AGED PRESCRIPTIONS
di ostale le tri: šolska skupina v Ljubljani, skupina za zavarovanje železniške proge na Notranjskem ter zaščita okraja Novo mesto.
Kot mobilne enote so bili konec pomladi in poleti 1944 ustanovljeni 4 udarni bataljoni, katerih glavna naloga je bila izrinjati partizane iz osrednje Dolenjske in južne Notranjske. Imeli so slovenske poveljnike.
Domobranske čete - vseh je bilo več kot 70, tudi specialnih, ki niso bile v sklopu bataljonov - so posebej v Polhograjskih Dolomitih ter okrog Novega mesta in Ljubljane opravile naloge nadzora in čiščenja ozemlja, torej tudi policijske naloge poleg bojevanja proti napadajočim partizanom.
Na čelu Slovenskega domobranstva je bil organizacijski štab, ki je imel običajne vojaške odseke, razen operativnega, kajti o vseh večjih akcijah in operacijah je odločal Rose-nerjev operativni štab za bojevanje proti partizanom v Ljubljani. Poleg tega je organizacijski štab, ki ga je vodil polkovnik Franc Krener, nadziral še poseben nemški »Aufbau-stab«, ki je tudi odločal o oskrbi in formalni organizaciji domobranstva. Poleti 1944 je število domobrancev doseglo 13.500 in se do konca vojne ni bistveno zmanjšalo.
Domobranci so ob svoji »policijski« službi zaprli in tudi usmrtili precej ujetih partizanov in tudi civilistov, kar je bila posledica nespoštovanja nemških predpisov, predvsem pa še zmeraj ostrega vzdušja in prakse državljanske vojne na terenu, posebno na območjih, kjer je bilo prebivalstvo izrazito spolarizirano in ko je tudi partizanska oblast krvavo nastopala proti svojim nasprotnikom. Živelo se je v vzdušju obojestranskega sumničenja, ovajanja, nepomirljivega sovraštva...
Varnostnoobveščevalna služba OF in tudi še OZNA sta še v letu 1944 izvajali usmrtitve, tudi skupinske, ki niso imele pokritja v sicer razglašeni sestavi partizanske sodne oblasti. To se je, sicer v manjši meri, dogajalo tudi na Primorskem in Gorenjskem; posebej na Gorenjskem je bila tudi reakcija protirevolucionarne strani ostra, čeprav številčno neprimerljiva z represalijami partizanske strani.
Po drugi strani je tudi črna roka opravila nekaj skrivnih usmrtitev partizanskih somišljenikov; pri njej lahko zgolj slutimo domobransko ozadje. Postojanka pri Sv. Urhu je večinoma izvrševala obsodbe nad jetniki iz ljubljanskih domobranskih zaporov; opra-(dalje na str. 19)
LUDOVIK PUŠ_
(nadaljevanje s str. 16)
Dr. Ludovik Puš je zapustil izredno veliko literarno in politično zapuščino — med drugim 8 samostojnih monografskih publikacij ter na tisoče člankov po različnih revijah in časopisih.
Bibliografija:
1.	Puš L.: Razori za setev in žetev slovenske kmečke mladine. - Lj., 1937
2.	Puš L.: Kmečka organizacija. - Lj., 1938
3.	Puš L.: Kmečki stan. -Lj., 1939
4.	Puš L.: Kmečki poklic. -Lj., 1940
5.	Puš L.: O kmečki duši. -Lj., 1941
6.	Puš L.: Svoboda v polmraku. - Paterson (N. J.), 1967 (?)
7.	Puš L.: Podobe iz otroštva Mandrškega Ludveta. -Celovec, 1969
8.	Puš L.: Klasje iz viharja. -New York, 1970 (KONEC)
V zadnjih letih je mag. Rozina Švent veliko koristnega napravila za zgodovino predvsem povojnega dela slovenskega izseljenstva, to sicer z vnetim zbiranjem dokumentacije in tudi pripravi in izvedbi razstav v prostorih Narodne in univerzitetne knjižnice v Ljubljani. Veliko gradiva, ki ga je ustvarilo povojno slovensko izseljenstvo (tu je mišljena predvsem politična emigracija), še hranijo posamezniki. Da se to nenadomestljivo gradivo ne izgubi oz. uniči, je najbolj pametno, da je izročeno v trajno varstvo ustanove, kot je NUK. Kot sem že poročal, nameravajo v naslednjih letih graditi novo, moderno NUK, ki bo gotovo opremljena z najnovejšimi pripomočki tako za ohranjevanje kot uporabljanje take dokumentacije.
Najboj pametno za tiste, ki še razpolagajo predvsem s primernim gradivom (rokopisi, pisma), je, da stopijo v stik z go. Šventovo in se prepričajo o tem, kako bi bilo izročeno gradivo ohranjeno. Svojo pisarno ima v NUK-u, 61000 Ljubljana, Turjaška 1, Slovenia. Telefon: 386-61-1250-41, fax pa 386-61-1250-134. Iz ZDA je seveda treba začeti s števiko 011, nato 386-itd.
Gotovo bodo mnogi, ki danes gradivo hranijo, Slovenijo obiskali v tem letu, morda npr. ob obisku v Sloveniji papeža Janeza Pavla II. To bo ugodna priložnost, da NUK tudi obiščejo in se srečajo s prijazno go. Šventovo ter se iz prve roke informirajo.
V daljšem članku v tem listu pred tedni je prof. dr. Janez Arnež opisal žalostno zgodbo ene od zbirk gradiva, ki je na še nepojasnjen način izginila v Rimu. Za dr. Arneževo zbirko smo, prepričan sem, lahko gotovi, da ga bo preživela in da bo nekoč ob primernem financiranju urejena strokovno in dostopna raziskovalcem. Ce bo tako z drugimi zbirkami, ki jih hranijo posamezniki na svojih domovih, ali z raznimi
zbirkami, ki so sedaj v narodnih domovih ali drugih ustanovah, pri enih ali drugih vseh teh morda spravljene kje na podstrešju ali v kletnih prostorih, čeprav v nekaterih primerih za sedaj poklicno amatersko vsaj za silo urejene, vse to je drugo, bolj zaskrbljujoče vprašanje.
Zgodovinarji bodo zgodovino pisali na podlagi njim dostopnih dokumentov. Posebno v zvezi z drugo svetovno vojno in z njo povezano revolucijo na Slovenskem, je ena stran že uspela ustvariti splošen vtis o tem dogajanju. Zadostovale za temeljito spremembo tega vtisa ne bodo trditve, razlage, ki ne bodo podprte z dokumentacijo. Sedaj, letos, naslednja leta je čas, rekel bi celo, glede na starost tistih, ki gradivo lastujejo, skrajni zadnji čas, da so dokumenti ohranjeni na načinu, ki bo zagotovil, da bodo za vedno na voljo raziskovalcem. Edina zanesljiva možnost tu so trajne ustanove, arhive, v Sloveniji gre za NUK, Arhiv Slovenije.
In še zadnja točka pri tem navajanju: Približno je znano, kateri imajo v last to gradivo. V slučaju, da bo to gradivo za vedno izgubljeno ali bo uničeno, se bo tudi to zabeležilo. To pa ne bo pustil vsaj v tem oziru lep spomin na tiste, ki bodo nosili odgovornost za uničenje, ali namernega ali iz gole malomarnosti.
dr. Rudolph M. Susel

V Sloveniji leta 1994 izšlo 2.906 knjig
V Sloveniji je leta 1994 izšlo 2.906 del, kar je za 19,1 odstotka več kot leta 1993. Med njimi jih je bilo največ - 26% - iz skupine jezikoslovje, leposlovje in literarna veda, je sporočil slovenski državni statistični urad.
Na drugem mestu je skupina, ki vključuje uporabno znanost, medicino in tehniko (18,9%), sledita skupina družbene vede (18%) ter skupina umetnost, arhitektura, fotografija, glasba in šport (13,5%).
Izvirnih del je bilo 68,2 odstotka, prevedenih pa 31,8% vseh izdanih del.
Leposlovnih del je bilo 587, med njimi 343 slovenskih-Med knjigami drugih narodov so prevladovala dela iz angleške in ameriške književnosti (97 del), sledili sta nemška (33 del) in francoska književnost (18 del), kar je podobno kot prejšnja leta.
Od vseh v letu 1994 objavljenih del je bilo prvih izdaj 83,2 odstotka, ponatisov ali novih izdaj pa 16,8 odstotka-
Leto 1994 so založbe, časopisi ter drugi zavodi in organizacije izdali 953 časnikov in revij, kar je za 19,1 odstotka več kot leto poprej. Med njimi ji*1 je največ izšlo v skupini druž- j bene vede, najmanj pa v skupini filozofija in psihologija-Slovenec, 19.12.1995
Andrej Vovko
Recenzija
Nova knjiga o slovenskih Amerikancih
Zgodovinar, docent dr. Darko Friš je med svojo dosedanjo, zaradi njegove mladosti sicer še kratko, a že zdaj zelo plodno in tehtno raziskovalno in znanstveno dejavnostjo dosegel lepe rezultate. Njhov vrh je
Darko Friš, Ameriški Slovenci in katoliška Cerkev 1871-1924 (Knjižna zbirka: Celovški rokopisi 1). Mohorjeva založba v Celovcu, Celovec-Ljublja-na-Dunaj, 417 str.
zaenkrat nedvomno njegova knjiga Ameriški Slovenci in katoliška Cerkev 1871-1924, razširjeni in dopolnjeni tekst njegove doktorske disertacije, ohranjene leta 1995 na ljubljanski Filozofski fakulteti.
Dr. Friš se je že uveljavil kot proučevalec treh večja raziskovalna področja slovenske zgodovine: življenja in dela slovenskih priseljencev v ZDA s poudarkom na delovanju tamkajšnjih slovenskih duhovnikov ter njihovih prizadevanj za ohranitev moralnih in narodnostnih vrednot slovenskih izseljencev, procesa izseljevanja iz slovenskega narodnostnega ozemlja, ter še vedno znanstveno raziskovalno zelo zanemarjeno zgodovino poli-tičnega katolicizma na Slovenskem.
Knjiga Ameriški Sloven katoliška Cerkev 1871-jnta tri osnovne dele, ki s< jansko monografije v m frafiji- V prvem delu pred: Ija avtor stališče slovens katoliškega tabora do iz; vanja, ki je bilo načelno o mino, ob pomoči tistim, 1 od izseljevanja ni bilo mo odvrniti. V tem delu pred med drugim delovanje Dr sv. Rafaela za pomoč izse cem’ skrb Slovenske kršča zveze za izseljence, odno vantinskega škofa Mihaeli do izseljevanja in .a slovenskih katoliški! snikov do tega vprašanja.
Drugi del knjige prikj odnos slovenskih priselje • ? katoliške Cerkve v ZD, njem avtor zelo smiseln zgoščeno predstavi zgodo katoliške Cerkve v ZDA Ajene nemške, poljske in 1 ke etnične župnije.
Tretji, osrednji del ki obravnava katoliško Cerk s o venske priseljence v ZI esetih obsežnih podpogla rued katerimi so problem; slovenskih duhovnikov h Ovnikov v Ameriki, pon anja slovenskih duhovni ^ °ga in pomen cerkvenih orov v slovenskih župnij DA, na primeru cerkve odbora župnije Sv. Juri outh Chicagu, zgodovina Venskih župnij Sv. Jože ■folietu in Sv. Petra in Pa’ Collinwoodu, delovanje Venskih frančiškanov z na l^jŠim med njimi p. Kazi
ZDA, slovenske žu
v ZDA, delovanje Jugoslovanske katoliške jednote, Družbe sv. Rafaela v New Yorku ter zgodovina slovenskih katoliških časnikov v ZDA.
Vidimo, da je dr. Friš obdelal vrsto temeljnih vprašanj iz zgodovine slovenskih priseljencev v ZDA. Pogosto le lahkih vprašanj se je lotil z vso potrebno znanstveno neoporečnostjo in poštenostjo, problemov, do katerih je prihajalo znotraj ameriških katoliško usmerjenih Slovencev, ni ne »šminkal« in ne »črnil« v maniri prejšnjih časov.
Delo dr. Friša je dragoceno še z enega vidika. Zgodovina slovenskega izseljenstva je tisto področje naše preteklosti, ki je bilo v dosedanjih raziskovanjih in obdelavah žal hudo zanemarjeno. Znotraj tega področja je bila iz znanih ideoloških diskriminacijskih vzrokov v matični Sloveniji sistematično zamolčevana in izkrivljena vloga katoliške Cerkve pri verskem, narodnostnem in moralnem ohranjanju slovenskega izseljenstva. Z objavo tehtnega besedila dr. Friša je bila ta vrzel v slovenskem zgodovinopisju vsaj kar zadeva ZDA v veliki meri odpravljena.
Dr. Darko Friš je v svoji knjigi odprl vrsto vprašanj o razmerju med katoliško Cerkvijo in slovenskimi izseljenci ter opravil začetne temeljne študije o teh vprašanjih. Vsak, kdor se bo ukvarjal od sedaj naprej z omenjenimi vprašanji, nikakor ne bo mogel mimo njegovega raziskovalnega dela in njegovih objavljenih rezultatov. Dr. Darko Friš je tako s svojimi raziskovanji v veliki meri odprl pot vsem, ki bodo ta vprašanja raziskovali za njim. Ob dosedanjem opravljenem delu dr. Friša pa lahkega srca tvegam trditev, da bo zaradi svoje biološke mladosti ob znanstveni zrelosti in zavzetosti marsikatero od teh še manjkajočih raziskav o slovenskem izseljenstvu opravil kar sam.
Dr. Andrej Vovko
KOLEDAR
JANUAR
21. — Slov. šola pri Mariji
Vnebovzeti ima kosilo v šolski jedilnici, od 11. dop. do 1. pop.
27. — Slovenska pristava priredi letno »Pristavsko noč« v SND na St. Clair Ave.
FEBRUAR
2., 3. in 4. — Slov. skupnost v New Yorku ima smučarski izlet s tekmami v Ski Windham, NY. Informacija: Ivan Kamin: 718/424/2711.
17.	— Dram. društvo Lilija
prireja svojo tradicionalno pustno zabavo v Slov. domu na Holmes Ave. Pričetek ob 7. zv.
18.	— Slov. šola pri sv. Vidu
postreže s kosilom v farni dvorani. Serviranje od 11. dop. do 1.30 pop.
Mesto Ljubljana za novo pročelje Zavoda sv. Stanislava
Dr. Borut Košir, direktor Zavoda sv. Stanislava, dr. Dimitrij Rupel, ljubljanski župan, in Ivan Zidar, direktor SCT-ja, so v ponedeljek, 18. decembra, na Magistratu v navzočnosti ljubljanskega nadškofa dr. Alojzija Šuštarja podpisali pogodbo o obnovi pročelja Zavoda sv. Stanislava. Mestna občina Ljubljana v okviru projekta »Ljubljana, moje mesto« že dalj časa skrbi za lepši videz pomembnih ustanov in stavb v slovenski prestolnici, podpisana pogodba pa je poleg tega tudi del prizadevanj, da se »naše mesto pražnje obleče pred obiskom svetega očeta«, kot je ob podpisu dejal ljubljanski župan. Da bo papež obiskal Zavod sv. Stanislava (tam naj bi bil na kosilu), je v zahvalnem nagovoru za dar mesta Ljubljane potrdil tudi ljubljanski nadškof dr. Alojzij Šuštar, tako da bo obnovljeno pročelje »trajen spomin na obisk papeža Janeza Pavla II.«. Denar za obnovo (94 milijonov tolarjev) bo mesto nakazalo v dveh delih, polovico iz proračuna za leto 1995, polovico pa iz letošnjega proračuna, izvajalec, SCT, pa se je s podpisom pogodbe zavezal, da bo obnova končana v prvi polovici maja, torej nekaj dni pred prihodom visokega gosta v Slovenijo.
Ključne značilnosti slovenske politike v letih 1929-1955
(nadaljevanje s sir. 18)
vila je več kot 120 usmrtitev.
Nemški okupator je iz taktičnih razlogov dopustil organiziranje domobranstva tudi na Primorskem in Gorenjskem. Slovenski narodni varnostni zbor (SNVZ) pod poveljstvom polkovnika Antona Kokalja se na Primorskem vojaško ni uveljavil, je pa pripomogel k obnavljanju slovenske kulture, kjer tega ni mogla opraviti partizanska stran, ter izrinjanju italijanske fašistične navzočnosti.
Na Gorenjskem je »Gorenjska samozaščita« (Oberkrai-ner Selbstschutz) pod poveljstvom gestapovskega podčastnika Ericha Dichtla bila bolj uspešna, saj je vojaško prevladovala na levem bregu Save ter delno tudi na škofjeloškem območju, uživala pa je tudi precej podpore med prebivalstvom. Generala Odilo Globočnik v Trstu in E. Rosener v Ljubljani od teh dveh formacij nista zahtevala, da njuni pripadniki prisežejo.
Število pripadnikov SNVZ na Primorskem je doseglo največ 2.000 mož, ki pa se je jeseni 1944 precej zmanjšalo; okupator je predvideval, da bo v SNVZ zbral okoli 10.000 primorskih ljudi. Okoli 15 čet je bilo jeseni 1944 organiziranih v štirih bataljonih, ki so tvorili t.i. 1. slovenski udarni polk. Bataljoni so na Vipavskem sodelovali tudi v ofenzivnih akcijah proti enotam 9. korpusa NOV in POJ.
Gorenjska samozaščita je štela okoli 2.500 pripadnikov, med katerimi je bilo precej ubežnikov iz partizanov, bivših nemških vojakov in celo
osumljencev kriminalnih dejanj. Imela je svojo udarno četo, druge enote pa so delovale nekako v smislu vaških straž - stalnih postojank in so bile podrejene izpostavam nemške varnostne policije (gestapu).
Tako na Primorsko kot na Gorenjsko je za organizacijo protirevolucionarnega gibanja politična, propagandna in tudi vojaška pomoč prihajala od slovenskih dejavnikov v Ljubljani.
Cetništvo se je v vojaškem pogledu pojavljalo in krepilo v nekakšnih valovih, kot so pač njegovi voditelji pričakovali »odločilni razvoj dogodkov«. Zaradi majhne podpore med prebivalstvom nikdar ni doseglo moči, da bi lahko opazno poseglo v razmerje bojujočih se sil na Slovenskem.
Po uničujočem porazu v Grčaricah septembra 1943 je trajalo skoraj pol leta, da se je uredilo vprašanje novega poveljstva (polkovnik in pozneje general Ivan Prezelj) in so se na terenu pojavili novi četniški odredi, ki so imeli organizacijsko in finančno podporo med liberalnimi krogi v Ljubljani. Zaradi protinemške obveščevalne in druge dejavnosti, tudi infiltracije v domobranstvo, je gestapo z aretacijami leta 1944 zadal občuten udarec t.i. Jugoslovanski vojski v domovini oziroma Državni obveščevalni službi.
Podobno kot poleti 1943 je tudi na prelomu 1944/45 četni-ško vodstvo želelo pritegniti v svoje vrste številčnejše moštvo, tokrat iz domobranstva, vendar brez opaznejšega uspeha. Tako je bilo na območju Trebnjega in v Polhograjskih Dolo-
mitih nekaj četniških odredov, ki pa skupaj niso dosegli števila 500 mož. Občasno so nekateri odredi napravili pohod na Primorsko ali Gorenjsko, pri čemer partizanov niso napadali, a so jih ti ves čas zasledovali in jih skušali uničiti.
Na Primorskem so imeli četniki nekakšno podporo v Gorici, od koder sta znana dva poskusa organiziranja četni-škega odreda.
Drugače je bilo na Štajerskem, kjer je v Slovenskih goricah deloval odred Jožeta Melaherja-Zmagoslava. Novembra 1944 je napadel tri nemške orožniške postaje, se kasneje pasiviziral, a v začetku 1945 sklenil z okupatorjem nekakšen sporazum o nenapadanju, kot ga je v približno istem času sklenil tudi general Prezelj in svojimi četniki sodeloval z okupatofjem pri »varovanju območja«.
Pred koncem vojne so se slovenski četniki vsaj v zahodni Sloveniji povezali z umikajočimi se srbskimi četniki in se nato z njimi umaknili v Furlanijo.
(nadaljevanji prihodnjič)
A N E K D O TA
Med pogovorom ameriškega predsednika Abrahama Lincolna s humoristom P. V. Nas-byjem je beseda nanesla tudi na nedavno umrlega, precej zaslužnega, vendar neskončno domišljavega politika iz Illinoisa. Lincoln se je spomnil množice ljudi na njegovem pogrebu in dejal:
»Če bi general vedel, kako velik pogreb bo imel, bi gotovo že prej umrl.«
Misijonska srečanja in pomenki
1114. Globoka ljubezen do misijonske Cerkve,
ki jo pričakuje od MZA pionirskih duš, bo tudi v letu pred nami prva skrb vsega našega sodelovanja.
Ob peti obletnici ‘svobodne Slovenije’ pa nam vsem, ki jo iz globine duše ljubimo, krščanska ljubezen narekuje, da po svojih močeh čimbolj pomagamo v domovini utrjevati in razvijati delovanje krščanskih in demokratičnih vrednot.
Tako bo v letu 1996 MZA skušala na najrazličnejše načine, kot misijonsko-karitativna organizacija, pomagati vsem, ki krščanske in demokratične ideale tam širijo. Na čelu teh je slovenska Cerkev. Ta stoji na skali in pritiskanje elektronskih gumbov v parlamentu, ko ji ukradeno ne vrnejo, ne bo, kot bi mi v demokratični Ameriki in Kanadi rekli ‘in the long run’ napravila prevelike škode. Mnogi, ki so Cerkev načrtno skušali rušiti, so že prejeli svoje plačilo, nekateri bodo pa osebno sčasoma lahko opazovali in spoznali, kako so se motili.
Z urejanjem položaja v Bosni, se bodo verjetno mnogi begunci lahko vrnili domov, ali tja, kamor pripadajo, tudi če bo to drugačen kraj. To bo v domovini malo olajšalo skrb za mnoge begunce, ki so našli v njej vso pomoč, ki so jo in jo še potrebujejo.
Razveseljivo je doma misijonsko prebujanje, ki bo sicer terjalo časa, verjetno nekaj dolgih let še; vendar je opaziti razevitanje misijonskega semena rasti v krajevnih misijonskih prireditvah, vedno večji ljubezni otrok do misijonov, ustanavljanju misijonskih krožkov po Sloveniji, in svobodi pošiljati v misijone pomoč, kar 50 let preje ni bilo nikoli mogoče.
Vodilni so veliko lažje sebe bogatili in denar pošiljali v inozemske banke, da danes kot gobe po dežju, na včasih zelo nerazumljiv način prihaja na dan v ustanavljanju novih
podjetij, za katere je težko dokazati, da je bil denar pošteno pridobljen. V Ameriki vemo, kako je treba veliko prihranjenih centov, da dobimo dolar. In težko delati zanj.
Vzelo bo nekaj let časa, vendar na obzorju že lahko opažamo zarjo, ki bo pomagala spremeniti mišljenje mnogih in jim pomagala odpirati oči za vrednote, ki mnogim nič niso pol stoletja pomenile. Kar je najbolj zaskrbljivo, je ugotovljeno dejstvo, da sedaj vsaj tretjina mladine v Sloveniji nima smisla za nobene vrednote, kar pomeni, da bo treba z njimi živeti in delati za rast boljših časov, kar na noben način ne bo niti lahko, še manj pa prijetno.
Zato bo MZA z večjimi napori
leta 1996 pomagala v naj-raznovrstnejših potrebah Cerkve in demokratičnih ustanov v Sloveniji. Bogoslovska akcija, ki je od leta 1952 iz tega kontinenta pomagala semeni-škim študijem mnogih kandidatov iz Kitajske, Indije, Južnega Vietnama, Ugande, Kenije, Ruande, Zambije, Malavija, Gane, bo še podpirala kandidate, ki smo jih dosedaj prevzeli. Ne bo pa nanovo sprejemala, razen to leto nekaj kandidatov v Čileju v Južni Ameriki.
Številnim pritožbam sodelujočih, da zlepa od podpiranega bogoslovca ne dobijo pošte, je težko odpomoči. Molimo, da bi nadrejeni kandidate navajali na potrebno korespondenco. Nas so v lemenatu temeljito o takih rečeh podkovali. Nov rod je že doraščal ob radiu, televiziji, video, ‘rock and rollu’, fotoaparatu, računalniku in najboljšem pisalnem stroju in zato ima svojski način dojemanja vsega, ki ga od vseh strani naskakuje vizualno, s sliko. Sesti in napisati lepo pismo je po svoje umetnost, kot je sesti v avto in biti dober, previden voznik.
Tako nekako se zdi, da bo
treba sodelovanje MZA v času pred nami poglabljati in u-smerjati, vsaj zaenkrat. Ker ima MZA-CMA po pravilih možnost misijonsko-karitativ-no graditi boljši svet, bomo to v letu 1996 skušali nadaljevati predvsem s pomočjo domovini.
Opazovali bomo lahko s številnimi stiki z domovino, v kakšni meri se misijonska misel trenutno širi. Misijonska Obzorja in Družina ter Ognjišče, pa tudi primorski tednik Novi glas, naslednik Katoliškega glasa in koroška Nedelja redno poročajo tudi o misijonski akciji, dasiravno v raznih koncih, kjer živi slovenski človek.
Istočasno pa bomo, kot smo že letos začeli, zvišali pomoč posameznim našim misijonarjem in misijonarkam, ki leta zvesto z MZA sodelujejo, redno z MZA dopisujejo in o svojem delu pošteno poročajo, so v preteklosti pošiljali kdaj znamke ali kake misijonske spominke za sodelujoče v MZA v zaledju, zlasti tu na severnoameriškem kontinentu. Taka delitev pomoči bo bolj v duhu MZA delovanja. Radio Ognjišče je po enem letu
obstoja postal zelo popularen. Cela vrsta božičnih voščil iz domovine, iz raznih krajev, kot Ljubljana, Novo mesto, Celje, Škofja Loka in Šentvid omenja, da so dvakrat poslušali moj intervju z Marjanom Šnebergerjem v Montrealu v oktobru. Takrat mi je predsednik Franci Trstenjak razložil podvig Radia Ognjišča za pridobivanje članov :Prijatelji radia Ognjišča’. Omenil je, da jih imajo že kakih 4000, vendar bi jih potrebovali vsaj 10.000, da bi bili finančno varni in na trdnih nogah.
Tako bomo željo sv. Cerkve po moderni evangelizaciji podprli vsak iz svojega kraja ter pomagali vplivati na rast dobrega tudi po Radiu Ognjišče.
Prvi ček za $500 je na potu in PRO (Prijatelji radia Ognjišča) so postali med prvimi: pisec teh člankov; predsednica MZA Gilbert Anica Tushar;
ZASLUZITE SI
MILIJONE.
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mecen slovenskih misijonarjev dolga leta, Štefan Novak iz Scarboroughja; velik misijonski pionir Janez Marentič iz Toronta, in dolgoletni prevajalec francoskih in angleških misijonskih pisem domačih bogoslovcev iz Afrike in Azije, in Minnesote.
V Sloveniji vsak član PRO žrtvuje 100 tolarjev na mesec. Mi bi od fu dajali po $5 mesečno, kar je malo več, vendar doma ljudje nimajo dolarjev. Tako bi iz gornjega čeka bilo poravnano za prvih pet, ki so pristopili, po $60 za 12 mesecev letno.
Iskreno vabimo naše rojake, da se nam pridružijo in tako na svoj način pomagajo širiti dobro v Sloveniji tudi preko Radia Ognjišča. To je še eden novih dimenzij sodelovanja na praktičen način za rast MZA. Rev. Charles Wolbang CM St. Joseph’s Seminary 65 Mapleton Rd. P.o. Box 807 Plainsboro, NJ 08536-0807 Telefon: 609-520-8839 Fax: 609-452-2851
NOVI GROBOVI
(nadaljevanje s str. 13)
Holmes Ave. Pogreb bo iz Že-letovega zavoda na E. 152 St. jutri, v petek, dop. ob 9.45, v cerkev Marije Vnebovzete ob 10.30, in od tam na Vernih duš pokopališče. Ure kropljenja bodo danes pop. od 2. do 4. in zv. od 7. do 9.
Josephine Lozar
Dne 4. januarja je v Richmond Hts. bolnišnici umrla 84
let stara Josephine Lozar, ro-
jena Šuštar v Clevelandu, vdova po 1. 1985 umrlem Josephu, sestra Olge Babic, Mildred Plavcin, Aloisa, Florence Orehek ter že pok. Franka in Augusta, zaposlena pred upokojitvijo kot tajnica pri Dupont. Pogreb je bil 6. januarja v oskrbi Želetovega zavoda, kjer je pogrebne obrede opravil č.g. David McCafferty s cerkve Our Lady of Mt. Carmel, s pokopom na Vernih duš pokopališču.
Emma A. Planisek
Umrla je 82 let stara Emma A. Planisek, prijateljica mnogih. Pogrebna sv. maša je bila 10. januarja v cerkvi Sv. Križa v Euclidu s pokopom na Vernih duš pokopališču. Pogreb je bil v oskrbi Dan Cosic pogrebnega zavoda na 28890 Chardon Rd.
Mary Pokelsek
Umrla je Mary Pokelsek, rojena Kastelic, vdova po Mah tinu, mati Valerie LaMont, Marion Bocian, Dolores Sier-putowski in že pok. Ladimer-ja, 10-krat stara mati in 14-krat prastara mati. Pogreb j« bil 9. januarja.
Sylvia Knaus
Umrla je 83 let stara Sylvia Knaus, roj. Tekancic, žena Rudolpha, mati Dolores S. DeFrancesco, Rudolpha if Louise Saunders, 9-krat stara mati, 11-krat prastara matii sestra Auguste Perko ter Že pok. Sophie Struna, Henryja> Rudolpha in Vere Perko. PO' greb je bil 6. januarja v oskrbi Želetovega zavoda s pokopOlf na pokopališču Whitehaven.
V ZAHVALO IN LJUBEČ SPOMIN
Z globoko žalostjo, a vdvani v voljo Stvarnika, naznanjamo vsem sorodnikom, prijateljem in znancem, da je po daljši bolezni za vedno v Gospodu zaspal naš dobri prijatelj
EMIL M. ČERNE
katerega je Bog poklical k sebi 15. maja 1995. Rojen je bil v Sadinji vasi, Novo mesto, Slovenija, 18. novembra 1921, v Ameriko pa je prišel leta 1970. Delal je v kuhinji v hotelu Bond Court.
Pogreb je bil naslednji petek s sv. mašo, katero je daroval č.g. Jože Božnar. Pokojni je ležal v Zak pogrebnem zavodu in bil pokopan na pokopališču Sv. Križa. Najlepša hvala č.g. Jožetu Božnarju za cerkvene obrede in druge molitve.
Iskrena hvala sledečim: Frank Dejak, Frank Kuhel, Karl Ferenčak, Marija Skrbiš, Krista Ferlinc, Lojze Zagmeister, Manda Bjelopera, Janez Zupan in Vlado Musolini. Lepa hvala osebju Zak pogrebnega zavoda za vso postrežbo in skrbno vodenje pogrebnega sprevoda.
Zahvalne kartice so bile razposlane vsem, ki so se nas in našega dragega posebno spomnili, in za katere smo imeli naslove. Ako kdo take kartice ni prejel, naj nam oprosti in naj s to javno zahvalo sprejme našo globoko hvaležnost. Naj Bog stotero povrne vsem!
Pri Bogu se zdaj raduješ, k nam na zemljo pogleduješ, mi pa prosimo Boga, da se v nebesih snidemo.
Žalujoča družina, v Sloveniji: žena Nada, hčerka in sin ter vnuki in sestra Marija
Žalujoči prijatelji:
Lojzka Feguš; Hinko in Marija Zupančič;
Janez in Marija Zupan; Angela Bolha Cleveland, Ohio, 11. januarja 1996.
J