URN_NBN_SI_DOC-P7VHKFHZ

128 R. Šolar: Methods and Benefits of Georeferencing Library Collections , 127-150 Library, 57 (2013) 2-3 Abstract Purpose: Wide use of web mapping and online geolocation services have changed search mod­ els and users’requirements for presentation, navigation and access to library collections, where­ in the spatial retrieval with coordinates in the background is certainly one of the options. Methodology/approach: The contribution is based on the analysis and comparison of elements for formal georeferencing in MARC formats and metastandards for spatial data ISO 19115 and FGDC CSDMG as well as gazetteers for geographical names such as ADL Gazetteer Protocol, ADL Gazetteer Content Standard, Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names and GeoNames for informal georeferencing. Results: Today‘s technology allowing connection of online library catalogs with online registers for geographical names and geographical forms, the general subject headings, Wikipedia and other sources of information can dramatically change not only the geographical information search and access to cartographic materilas in libraries, but also to library resources in general. Research limitation: Insufficient number of examples of how libraries take advantage of geo­ graphic names and geographic codes in bibliographic records. Originality/practical implications: Results of the study are useful for the development of library services based on georeferencing of bibliographic records. Keywords: georeferencing, geospatial referencing, informal georeferencing, map collections, library collections 1 Uvod Razvoj svetovnega spleta od knjižničarjev že vrsto let zahteva kritične analize biblio­ grafskih sistemov in online knjižničnih katalogov (Markey, 2007; Mi in Weng, 2008; Merkley, 2012). Veliko bogastvo bibliografskih podatkov in potencial bibliografskih sis­ temov sta bila do sedaj premalo izkoriščena. O mogočih izboljšavah iskanja, dostopa in prikazovanja rezultatov se lahko govori v okviru različnih funkcij, vendar se članek osredotočili na prednosti, ki jih ponuja georeferenciranje. Georeferenciranje je povezovanje digitalne enote (npr. bibliografski zapis, slika, ze­ mljevid, fotografija …) z geografsko lokacijo. Lahko je neformalno ali formalno oziro­ ma geoprostorsko. Neformalno se georeferencira s pomočjo zemljepisnih imen (to­ ponimi), krajevnih oznak (npr. poštne številke, črkovne oznake, kot so LJ, LAX), hišnih številk, topoloških referenc (v, zunaj, znotraj, levo, desno) in kardinalnih oznak (S, J, V, Z). Formalno ali prostorsko se položaj georeferencira s koordinatami v koordinatnem sistemu.