Razvoj metodologije in postopkov proizvodnje trdnih goriv iz odpadkov : doktorska disertacija

slovenian

doktorska dela

2013

Univerza v Mariboru, Fakulteta za strojništvo

In the area of waste management, we have recently witnessed the growing demands for proper waste management, with the aim of material and energy utilization by minimizing residual waste in landfills. Residual waste by classification, which may not be material use, while it can not be disposed ofin landfills because of high energy value and the content of total biodegradable fraction of organic carbon in the hierarchy of waste management is the only possible solution. The thesis has been to the extent of research conducted a series of laboratory analysis of samples of fractions of non-hazardous waste for the preparation and analysis of the samples of solid fuel from non-hazardous waste. The task involves the development of the application of the mixing model, which can be arbitrarily changed the quality of solid fuels in their capacity as its chemical and physical properties, using iteration, different patterns of input waste materials with specific interests and different chemical and physical properties. Develop a mixing model allows for quick consumption calculations of individual waste materials classification and prediction of solid fuels on the basis of the individual waste materials into quality classes. It is the basis for determining the approximate quality solid fuel, and consequently class solid fuel. Furthermore, it allows the manufacturer to establish a solid fuel or solid fuel produced meets the requirements of the user, which will be in the future for manufacturers of solid waste fuels are of utmost importance. By using the available options for optimizing the quality of solid fuel from waste mass available from the manufacturer. Preparation of samples of solid fuel, and themeasurements of natural non-metallic and metallic components of the solid fuel used in the laboratory prior to its incineration and details of their emission combustion in the pilot combustion plant are important in the light of research findings, how important is the process of combustion of solid fuelcombustion in sufficient temperature, residence time and the presence of oxygen and what is the trace metal elements from the burning of gaseous and solid state. Otherwise, in terms of the operating parameters of the combustiondevice the most important parameters of the inorganic nitrogen, chlorine, fluorine and sulfur, while from the environmental point of view is very important the content of heavy metals in the flue gases, especially in the case where the solid fuel obtained from waste, intended for use in conventional combustion plants which do not have a high-performance gas cleaning system, as they have such incinerators. Emission values from the burning of solid fuel samples showed relatively large overstepping of dust compared to the parameters applicable to medium and large combustion plants and incinerators. In the case of incineration or co-incineration of solid fuels is therefore necessary mounting system for the removal of particulate matter. The main proportion of generated volatile organic substances formed ofhydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide, together with the primary resultant carbon dioxide, while a smaller share hydrocarbons (approximately 10%). From an environmental and technological point of view is extremely important chlorine, which on the one hand leads to the formation of acidic components inthe emissions technology is unfavorable due to corrosion in boilers. Therefore, the appropriate use of solid fuels with a low chlorine content, otherwise it is necessary to clean the outhouse of acidic flue gases. Measuredconcentrations of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans give a clear requirement for prudent management of the process of combustion of solid fuels from waste in such a way that the solid fuel burns completely show that the necessary process of combustion of solid fuels from waste lead very carefully, so as to completely burn and to prevent their formation.

08.08.2023